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Bhakri () is a round flatbread often used in the cuisine of the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Karnataka in India. The bhakri prepared using jowar or bajra is coarser than a regular wheat chapati.
Bhakri can be either soft or hard in texture, unlike khakhra in respect to hardness.
Grains and variants
Different types of millets (jowar, bajra, ragi) are the more common grains used for making bhakris. These millet bhakris are popular in the Deccan plateau regions of India (Maharashtra and Northern Karnataka) as well as the semi-arid regions of Rajasthan. In the coastal Konkan and Goa regions of western India rice flour is used for making bhakri.
Jowar bhakri – Jowar bhakris are the most common type of bhakri. The dough is prepared by mixing jowar flour with hot water and then flattened by hand.
Bajra bhakri – Bajra bhakris are mainly prepared in winter, especially near the festival of Sankranti. The preparation is similar to jowar bhakris.
Makai bhakri – Cornmeal bhakris commonly prepared during winters. Also known by the name "Makai No Rotlo" in Gujarati and "Makyachi Bhakri" in Marathi.
Ragi bhakri – Ragi bhakhris, or ragi rottis, are made of red finger millets. They are prepared similar to other bhakris.
Rice bhakri – Rice bhakhris are made of rice flour, prepared similarly to other bhakris. They are common in the Konkan region.
Wheat Bhakri – Wheat bhakris are like wheat rotis, but bigger in size and depth with proportionally more oil.
Pulse Bhakri – Prepared from urad dal or mix flour of urad and jowar, also known as Kalna bhakri. They are very popular in Khandesh region.
The dough for bhakri prepared by mixing the flour with small amount of salt in a bowl and knead into a smooth stiff dough, using enough hot water.
The dough is split into little balls. The ball is then flattened using one's palms. There are two types by which is made. It is either flattened in the plate by palm by pressing or it is made thin by holding the ball in both palms which requires a lot of skill. The tava (pan) is heated and the bhakri is cooked applying little water to the upper surface and spread it all over with the help of the cook's fingers. The other side also cooked on the tava. Once it is prepared, it is roasted in the direct flame on both the sides.
A bhakri an be of two types soft or hard. the hard bhakri is basically with hard outer layers to ad a crunch re
Serving
Bhakri is typically served with yogurt, garlic chutney, Pithla, baingan bharta, thecha (chutney made of green chillies and peanuts), preparations of green leafy vegetables and raw onion. In northern parts of Karnataka, it is served with stuffed brinjal curry. In Vidarbha, it is eaten with "Zunka" – a coarse and thick variant of "Pithla." It has traditionally been the rural staple which would be carried to the farm at the crack of dawn and make up for both breakfast and lunch. In the fields, bhakri even used to serve as a plate, on which chutney, kharda or thecha was served and eaten together. In Khandesh region, bhakri and shev bhaji (thick savory curry prepared from sev) is a very popular dish. In the coastal regions like Konkan and Goa, the rice flour bhakris are mainly served with fish curry.
In modern days, bhakhris have increasingly been replaced by wheat rotis and phulkas but they still retain popularity in many regions and as specialty dishes.
See also
Roti
Chapati
Paratha
Kulcha
List of Indian breads
References
Gujarati cuisine
Indian breads
Flatbreads
Unleavened breads
Rajasthani cuisine
Maharashtrian cuisine
Roti
Flatbread dishes |
```java
/*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
*/
package org.dartlang.vm.service.consumer;
// This is a generated file.
import org.dartlang.vm.service.element.AllocationProfile;
@SuppressWarnings({"WeakerAccess", "unused"})
public interface AllocationProfileConsumer extends Consumer {
void received(AllocationProfile response);
}
``` |
Engh is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Inga Bejer Engh (born 1970), Norwegian jurist and prosecutor
John Engh (1915–1996), Norwegian architect, most known for his innovative work in stone and concrete
M. J. Engh (born 1933), science fiction author and independent Roman scholar
Michael Engh (born 1949), American Jesuit, academic and historian
Odd Arne Engh (born 1951), Norwegian Nordic combined skier |
Iron Blow was the site of the earliest major mining venture at Mount Lyell on the west coast of Tasmania, Australia in 1883.
Original form
Geoffrey Blainey describes the appearance prior to its being mined:
They (Those mentioned above) examined the strange formation. It jutted twenty or thirty feet above the surface and was split by deep cracks and crevices as if a great explosion had fractured the rock and flung slabs far down the hill...(they)... had seen no similar outcrop in their brief mining experience. What lay beneath the ironstone crust?
Mining
The first shot on the site was in January 1884 - and most local prospectors were camped in the Linda Valley to the east of the Mount Owen - Mount Lyell ridge - also known as Philosophers Ridge
The townsite of Penghana, the present site of Queenstown - to the west was still thick rainforest.
Following the establishment of the Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company in 1893, the Iron Blow orebody was mined until 1929.
Haulage
The transport of ore from the Iron Blow down to the operations area of the mine linking to the railway, was by the commonly known Haulage, although more technical terms included Self Acting Haulage.
End of the era
The cessation of the Iron Blow mining was also linked in with the demise of the Mount Lyell pyritic smelting - the cessation of Robert Carl Sticht's smelters and methods.
The development of the West Lyell Open cut, and the later development of the Prince Lyell ore bodies removed all vestiges of the original workings.
See also
Copper extraction techniques
West Coast Tasmania Mines
References
Further reading
External links
Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company
West Coast Range
1883 establishments in Australia |
Oostwoud is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Medemblik, and lies about 8 km north of Hoorn.
History
The village was first mentioned around 1312 as Oestenwoude, and means "eastern forest". Oost (east) has been added to distinguish from Midwoud and Nibbixwoud. Oostwoud developed in the Late Middle Ages as a peat excavation settlement. A large part of the village burnt down in 1710 due to arson.
The Dutch Reformed church is a single aisled church with wooden ridge turret built in 1753. The church was expanded around 1875.
Oostwoud was home to 310 people in 1840. In 1878, a joint railway station with Midwoud opened on the Hoorn to Medemblik railway line. The line closed in 1941.
Gallery
References
Populated places in North Holland
Medemblik |
Evangelia Balta (born 24 July 1955, Kavala) is a Greek historian. Her researches focus on Ottoman socio-economic history, Rûm Orthodox culture in Anatolia, and Karamanlidika Studies. She is an honorary member of the Turkish Historical Society and was awarded an Order of Merit of the Republic of Turkey.
Balta was born in Kavala in 1955. She studied at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in 1973–77 and at Paris I-Sorbonne, Department of Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes IV) with a scholarship from the Onassis Foundation for her master's and doctoral degrees from 1980-1983. Balta worked at the Historical Archive of Macedonia in 1979 and at the Centre for Asia Minor Studies in 1978 as well as from 1984-1987. She taught at the Ionian University in 1985-1987. Since 1987 she has been a researcher at the National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF). She was a member of Koç University's Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (RCAC) in 2009–2010. In the following years, she organized three international symposiums on Karamanli Turkish, which has been her field of work since 1978. She has organized seminars on the Cunda Islands for Karamanlidika Studies since 2001.
Works
In Turkish
Karamanlı Yazınsal Mirasının Ocaklarında Madencilik, 2019, Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
19. Yüzyıl Osmanlıca ve Karamanlıca Yayınlarda Ezop’un Hayatı ve Masalları (perp.), 2019, Libra Kitap.
Karamanlıca Kitaplar Çözümlemeli Bibliyografya Cilt I: 1718-1839 (Karamanlıdıka Bibliographie Analytique Tome I: 1718-1839), 2018, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
Gerçi Rum İsek de, Rumca Bilmez Türkçe Söyleriz: Karamanlılar ve Karamanlıca Edebiyat Üzerine Araştırmalar, 2012, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
Ürgüp - Prokopi, 2010, Birzamanlar Yayıncılık.
Nüfus Mübadelesi, 2010, İnkılap Yayınevi.
Liva-i Resmo Tahrir Defteri, (with Mustafa Oğuz), 2009, Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları.
Other in Turkish
Epameinondas Kyriakidis, Beyoğlu Sırları (serial novel/1888-1889), Karamanli Turkish:Evangelinos Misailidis, perps.: Evangelia Balta & Sada Payır, İstos, 2020.
Alexandros Rizos Rangavis, Mukavelat Muharriri: Yunan edebiyatından Türkçeye çevrilmiş ve Karamanlıca yazıyla 1889-1890 yıllarında tefrika edilmiş bir roman, (perps.) Evangelia Balta ve Niki Stavridi, The Isis Press, 2018.
Stavros Stavridis, Anatol Türküleri: 1896 Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda İ̇lk Türkü Mecmuası (perp.) Evangelia Balta ve Ari Çokona, Literatür, 2017
In English
The Exchange of Populations Historiography and Refugee Memory, 2014, İstos.
References
1955 births
Living people
20th-century Greek historians
21st-century Greek historians
Greek women historians
Recipients of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Turkey |
For the federal official appointed see Charles William Anderson
Charles W. Anderson (born George Pforr from March 15, 1844 – February 25, 1916) was an American soldier who received the Medal of Honor for valor during the American Civil War.
Biography
Anderson was born George Pforr on March 15, 1844, in Baltimore, Maryland. He enlisted in the Confederate States Army and served in an artillery battery under Captain Jonathan H. McClanahan, part of General John Imboden’s cavalry brigade.
In February 1864, he deserted and enlisted in the 1st Regiment New York Volunteer Cavalry (Lincoln Cavalry) using the name Charles W. Anderson and the birthplace of New Orleans, Louisiana. He was assigned to Company K under Captain Edwin F. Savacool.
On March 2, 1865, at Fishersville, Virginia, Anderson captured a Confederate flag during the Battle of Waynesboro. On March 19, 1865, Anderson and other soldiers who had captured flags were given a 30-day furlough and the Medal of Honor by Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton.
Anderson mustered out in June 1865, but re-enlisted in Company M, 3rd United States Cavalry on January 11, 1866. He served 12 years, participating in the Indian Wars before receiving a hardship discharge on April 4, 1878.
Anderson settled in Staunton, Virginia, near his sister Mary, and returned to his birth name of George Pforr. He married Sally Smith Garber on September 18, 1878. He applied for a Federal pension in 1905 for his military service, which was granted in 1906.
At some point in 1909 Anderson served as the president of the Dinner Committee and Toastmaster for a presentation and complimentary dinner by the Colored Citizens of New York and Vicinity. At this dinner he presented a gold watch and chain to Matthew Henson.
He died on February 25, 1916, at the age of 71. He is buried in Thornrose Cemetery in Staunton, Virginia; section 10, lot 87
Medal of Honor citation
Capture of unknown Confederate flag.
See also
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: A–F
References
External links
1844 births
1916 deaths
Union Army soldiers
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
People of Illinois in the American Civil War
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor |
Rembielin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brudzeń Duży, within Płock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately south-west of Brudzeń Duży, north-west of Płock, and north-west of Warsaw.
References
Villages in Płock County |
Agent Provocateur is a British lingerie retailer founded in 1994 by Joseph Corré and Serena Rees. The company has stores in 13 countries.
History
1994–2007
In 1994, Agent Provocateur was founded by Joseph Corré, the son of Vivienne Westwood, and his then-wife Serena Rees. The first store opened in Soho on Broadwick Street.
The company sells colourful and fashionable lingerie Joseph Corré is the designer for the brand.
2007–2017
In 2007, after the divorce of Corré and Rees, 3i, a private equity firm that invests in mid-size companies, purchased 80% of the company for £60 million.
Between November 2007 and March 2009 the company opened 13 shops, expanding to the US, Russia, Dubai and Hong Kong By March 2008, Agent Provocateur's profits dropped 18% to £2.2 million due to the cost of expansion.
Garry Hogarth stepped down as CEO in February 2016.
In March 2017, the business entered administration. As part of a "pre-pack" deal, it was purchased by Four Holdings, a company one-third owned by British businessman Mike Ashley who reportedly paid around "£25m after seeing off competition from private equity firm Lion Capital."
Marketing
The company is known for its provocative videos. Australian actress Melissa George, English model Chloe Hayward and American model Elettra Rossellini Wiedemann appeared in a John Cameron Mitchell-directed campaign, which urged women to control their own destinies while wearing the company's lingerie.
In December 2001, company produced a controversial short film featuring Kylie Minogue riding a velvet bucking bronco while wearing the company's underwear to prove that their lingerie brand is the most erotic according to the male viewers.
In the 2000s, the brand's annual revamp of its website, first by Wax New Media and then Large Design, became an industry benchmark.
In 2006, Mike Figgis directed a short film for Agent Provocateur starring model Kate Moss.
Other models have included actress Maggie Gyllenhaal in 2007, British model Daisy Lowe in 2008,
and model Hailey Clauson in a 2014 ad campaign photographed by Miles Aldridge. In January 2019, the brand hired plus-size model Charli Howard to front their Valentine's Day campaign, entitled "A Love Letter To Myself".
Logo and wordmark
The original Agent Provocateur logo and wordmark were set from an existing over-the-counter typeface. As Corré’s venture grew, graphic design company House Industries redrew and expanded on the logo. They penned a flowing Spencerian wordmark as well as a racy leg logo for products including tissue paper and fabric monograms.
Criticism
Agent Provocateur had some of its advertisements banned by the Advertising Standards Authority (United Kingdom) for "being degrading to women."
Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, many Western companies curtailed their operations in Russia. According to Agent Provocateur's Russian website there are 10 Agent Provocateur franchise stores still operating in Moscow, leading to claims that the company is helping to finance Russia's war in Europe.
Agent Provocateur said that the stores are "operated by franchisees under franchise/license agreements" according to "a system established by the previous owner of the business, many years ago" and that the company itself "does not 'operate' in Russia."
References
External links
Sports Direct
3i Group companies
Lingerie brands
Clothing companies established in 1994
Retail companies established in 1994
Clothing retailers of England
English brands
Clothing companies based in London
Companies that have entered administration in the United Kingdom |
Rannebergens IF is a Swedish football club located in Angered.
Background
Rannebergens IF currently plays in Division 4 Göteborg A which is the sixth tier of Swedish football. They play their home matches at the Gunnaredsplan in Angered.
The club is affiliated to Göteborgs Fotbollförbund.
Season to season
Footnotes
External links
Rannebergens IF – Official website
Rannebergens IF on Facebook
Football clubs in Gothenburg
1973 establishments in Sweden |
```xml
<project xmlns="path_to_url" xmlns:xsi="path_to_url" xsi:schemaLocation="path_to_url path_to_url">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.spotify</groupId>
<artifactId>dockerfile-maven</artifactId>
<version>1.4.14-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>dockerfile-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<packaging>maven-plugin</packaging>
<name>Dockerfile Maven Plugin</name>
<description>Adds support for building Dockerfiles in Maven</description>
<properties>
<docker-client.version>8.16.0</docker-client.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.code.findbugs</groupId>
<artifactId>jsr305</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-compress</artifactId>
<version>1.19</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.plexus</groupId>
<artifactId>plexus-interpolation</artifactId>
<version>1.24</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.spotify</groupId>
<artifactId>docker-client</artifactId>
<classifier>shaded</classifier>
<version>${docker-client.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.auth</groupId>
<artifactId>google-auth-library-oauth2-http</artifactId>
<version>0.6.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
<artifactId>guava</artifactId>
<version>23.6.1-jre</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.spotify</groupId>
<artifactId>dockerfile-maven-extension</artifactId>
<version>1.4.14-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-plugin-api</artifactId>
<version>3.5.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-core</artifactId>
<version>3.5.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-archiver</artifactId>
<version>3.2.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.sonatype.plexus</groupId>
<artifactId>plexus-sec-dispatcher</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
<artifactId>gson</artifactId>
<version>2.8.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugin-tools</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-plugin-annotations</artifactId>
<version>3.5.2</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-checkstyle-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-enforcer-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-plugin-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.5.2</version>
<configuration>
<goalPrefix>dockerfile</goalPrefix>
<skipErrorNoDescriptorsFound>true</skipErrorNoDescriptorsFound>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>mojo-descriptor</id>
<goals>
<goal>descriptor</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>help-goal</id>
<goals>
<goal>helpmojo</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-invoker-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.9</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.spotify</groupId>
<artifactId>docker-client</artifactId>
<version>${docker-client.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<configuration>
<cloneProjectsTo>${project.build.directory}/it</cloneProjectsTo>
<pomIncludes>
<pomInclude>*/pom.xml</pomInclude>
</pomIncludes>
<postBuildHookScript>verify</postBuildHookScript>
<localRepositoryPath>${project.build.directory}/local-repo</localRepositoryPath>
<settingsFile>src/it/settings.xml</settingsFile>
<streamLogs>true</streamLogs>
<goals>
<goal>clean</goal>
<goal>verify</goal>
</goals>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>integration-test</id>
<goals>
<goal>install</goal>
<goal>integration-test</goal>
<goal>verify</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
``` |
The Bearded is an epithet of:
Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders (980–1035)
Constans II (630–668), ruler of the Byzantine Empire
Eberhard I, Duke of Württemberg (1445–1496)
Geoffrey III, Count of Anjou (c. 1040–1096)
George, Duke of Saxony (1471–1539), known for his opposition to the Protestant Reformation
Godfrey the Bearded (c. 997–1069), Duke of Upper and Lower Lorraine
Gwynllyw (c. 450–500), Welsh king and saint, known in English in a corrupted form as Woolos the Bearded
Henry the Bearded (c. 1165/70–1238), Duke of Silesia at Wrocław, Duke of Kraków and High Duke of all Poland
Louis VII, Duke of Bavaria (c. 1368–1447)
See also
Constantine IV (c. 652–685), Byzantine emperor sometimes incorrectly called "the Bearded" out of confusion with his father, Constans II
Lists of people by epithet |
Michael H. Lemelin is an American politician who is currently serving as a member of the Maine House of Representatives for the 88th district. He assumed office on December 2, 2020.
Early life and education
Lemelin was born in Biddeford, Maine, and graduated from Brunswick High School. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in aerospace engineering from Boston University.
Career
From 1989 to 1996, Lemelin worked as a commercial and private pilot. He later worked in the restaurant industry, operating several Subway and Red Robin franchises around Augusta, Maine. Lemelin also owned as gym called Curves in Gardiner and manages his wife's chiropractic practice. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Maine House of Representatives in 2018. He was elected to the House in 2020.
References
Living people
Politicians from Biddeford, Maine
Brunswick High School (Maine) alumni
Boston University College of Engineering alumni
Republican Party members of the Maine House of Representatives
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Nowy Dwór is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowy Kawęczyn, within Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Nowy Kawęczyn, south-east of Skierniewice, and east of the regional capital Łódź.
References
Villages in Skierniewice County |
Udayarpalayam (Tamil: உடையார்பாளையம்), is a panchayat town near Jayankondam in Ariyalur district.
Udayarpalayam may also refer to:
Udayarpalayam taluk, a taluk of Ariyalur district.
Udayarpalayam division, a revenue division of Ariyalur district. |
Deepika is an Indian given name. Deepika may also refer to:
Deepika (newspaper), Malayalam newspaper published in India
Deepika English Medium School, a primary, middle and senior secondary school in Odisha, India
See also
Deepa (disambiguation)
Deepam (disambiguation)
DIPA (disambiguation)
Diya (disambiguation)
Deep (disambiguation) |
Oberleutnant Kurt Nachod (8 March 1890–11 May 1918) served during World War I in the Austro-Hungarian Air Force, in which he was credited with downing five enemy aircraft, ranking him 42nd in the list of Austro-Hungarian flying aces. Unusually, all of these victories were gained while acting as an observer.
When the war began, he was one of those rare mechanically-minded individuals who owned an automobile. He served as a volunteer chauffeur for high-ranking officers and dignitaries until September 1915, before joining the air service. By January 1917, he had become an ace as an observer and began learning to fly. He scored no further victories as a pilot before he died from a night landing accident.
Early life
Kurt Nachod was born 8 March 1890 in Brno, then part of the Austrian Empire, now in the Czech Republic. Born in a wealthy family, he was a proficient linguist, mastering the spoken and written forms of Czech, German, French, Spanish, and English. He served his obligatory military service in an infantry unit. Afterwards, his family provided him with an automobile, and he became renowned as his own mechanic as well as for his driving skill. When World War I began, Nachod volunteered his automobile and services as a driver to the Volunteer Motor Corps, in which capacity he transported high ranking officers during the Serbian campaign. In May 1915, he was given command of an armored train in northern Italy.
Aviation service
In September 1915, Nachod joined the Austro-Hungarian Air Force, and by the following month was flying in combat on the Eastern Front as an observer with "Flik 10", the abbreviation for Fliegerkompany, or squadron number 10. He shifted to nearby "Flik 20" when it was founded in February 1916. Manning the observer's gun in a Knoller-Albatros B.I, he scored forced-to-land victories on 31 May 1916 and 3 July 1916. The latter was gained with a carbine when the observer's machine gun failed. On 20 September 1916, his gunfire forced a third enemy aircraft to land. He repeated the feat twice on 7 January 1917, for his fourth and fifth victories. For his valor, he was rewarded with the Military Merit Cross with War Decorations and Swords, the Silver Military Merit Medal with Swords, and a German Iron Cross, Second Class.
In July 1917, Nachod transferred to the Italian Front, where he served during the Battles of the Isonzo as an observer in a Hansa-Brandenburg C.I from Fluggeschwader I. During this posting, he learned to fly without official training, and managed to qualify for his pilot's certificate. On 9 May 1918, he was practicing night landings when he crashed and died of his injuries two days later. Charles I of Austria later granted him the only posthumous award of the Order of the Iron Crown, Third Class, with War Decorations and Swords for aviators.
Sources of information
References
1890 births
1918 deaths
Austro-Hungarian World War I flying aces
Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in Italy |
The Turkey Cafe is a building with a flamboyant Modern Style (British Art Nouveau style) facade in Granby Street, Leicester, England. It was built in 1900 and is now a Grade II listed building, once again used as a café. The facade puns on two meanings of "turkey", with a vaguely Eastern exotic style of architecture and three large turkey birds on the facade, one sculpted on each side of the ground floor shopfront and another forming a large coloured panel of Royal Doulton tiles right at the top.
History
The site of the Turkey Cafe was owned by James Wesley, a grocer and confectioner, from 1877 to 1899. Wesley sold the site to architect Arthur Wakerley, a well-known Leicester architect who was also a prominent supporter of the Temperance Movement. Upon completion he leased it to John Winn, who owned a number of other cafes in Manchester and the Oriental Cafe in Leicester. The offices of Wakerley's architectural practice were above Winn's Oriental Cafe, making it easy to negotiate a deal regarding the construction and occupancy of a new cafe on Granby Street. Wakerley approached the Royal Doulton Company for help constructing his design for the new "Turkey Cafe".
The style of the Turkey Cafe reflected what was popular at that time, which was the new trend of art nouveau. The building created a sense of stability by visually implying a pyramid structure. This was done by having seven arches on the ground floor and then decreasing the number of arches on each level. The pyramid is completed with a single turkey located at the top of the building. The building was coloured blue, green, and buff, which allowed any onlooker to fully appreciate the shapes and curves of the building's designs. The facade was constructed using tiles, hollow blocks, and a type of white architectural terracotta called carraraware. The Doultons actually developed carraraware in 1888, which is a matt-glazed stoneware. The carraware tiles of this frontage were handmade by William Neatby, a ceramic artist who worked for the Doultons. In addition to these features, art nouveau can be found in the decorations etched into the front window, as well as the red and green art nouveau designs of the rear tea room windows.
The Turkey Cafe was opened in September 1901 and was later renumbered 24 Granby Street. As a tea room, the cafe was popular with women. Not only was it a respectable venue for gathering, but it provided a convenient meeting place to discuss the progress of women's rights. However, the cafe was not designed with only women in mind. Located in the back of the cafe was the Smoke Room. This room with its dark interior provided a place for men to gather and converse as well. The popularity of the cafe rose so high that in 1911 Winn expanded into the building next door, which used to be William Wheeler Kendall's "Umbrella Manufacturer and Can Stick Merchant." This change allowed Winn to expand the restaurant and storage space, and add a billiard room.
Further renovations were made in 1927 when Winn decided to modernise the entrance, making the front appear more art deco than art nouveau. Wakerley allowed the changes, as long as Winn restored the shop to its original appearance once the lease was done. Unfortunately, when Winn's family sold the Turkey Cafe to Brucciani Bakers Ltd. in 1963, no restoration actually occurred. Under the Brucciani family, the Turkey cafe became a coffee and ice-cream shop. The reputation of the cafe as a location for woman to gather continued, and in 1966, the cafe had a "Ladies Only" room. After the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 came into law, they could no longer prohibit men from entering. In 1968, the cafe was once again renovated. The result was a mixture of old and new. The original interior tiled walls were panelled over, a tiled mural of a turkey was added, and smaller windows were inserted.
The Turkey Cafe underwent yet another renovation process after Rayner Opticians Ltd. purchased the property in 1982. The interior was altered greatly to accommodate the new business that it would house, and curved windows were added to the above stories. However, the etched glass windows on the ground floor and the front arch were kept and restored to their original condition. Rayners tracked down the Hathernware Ceramics Ltd. of Loughborough who was the only firm experienced in using the terra cotta material needed for restoration. The opticians were also fortunate enough to have the original architectural drawings and a 1910 photograph, which architects Sawday and Moffat had in their archives. Rayners then commissioned Deardon Briggs Designs Ltd. to follow these plans for the restoration process and creation of reproductions. In the end, the restoration of the exterior cost over £30,000, with Leicester City Council contributing £5,000.
For two decades the building served as an optician's office, but in 2014 the building was returned to its original purpose as a cafe during the day and a cocktail bar at night. Now called 1901 - The Turkey Cafe representing the year the building was constructed and many original features have been exposed and restored. rep. The building has also been listed as a grade two building for its art nouveau style architecture, making it clear that the building is of architectural and historic special interest. To the people of Leicester, the building certainly is worth preserving and does have an interesting history. The building has served as a cafe, restaurant, meeting place, ice-cream parlour, and unexpectedly an office for opticians. While numerous buildings were destroyed during and after the World Wars, including all of Winn's other cafes, the Turkey Cafe has remained. Now, the building has come full circle, standing restored in its original appearance and serving as a cafe.
Gallery of details
Notes
References
Farquhar, Jean, and Skinner, Joan, The history and architecture of the Turkey Café, Sedgebrook, 1987
"Story": "The Turkey Cafe", in The Story Of Leicester, on Leicester City Council website
"The Turkey Cafe, Leicester," , on Midlands Heritage website, 2011
Further reading
Taylor, M. (1997) The Quality of Leicester, Leicester: Leicester City Council.
External links
Art Nouveau architecture in England
Buildings and structures in Leicester
Coffeehouses and cafés in the United Kingdom
Commercial buildings completed in 1900
Art Nouveau restaurants |
Historical inheritance systems are different systems of inheritance among various people.
Detailed anthropological and sociological studies have been made about customs of patrilineal inheritance, where only male children can inherit. Some cultures also employ matrilineal succession, where property can only pass along the female line, most commonly going to the sister's sons of the decedent; but also, in some societies, from the mother to her daughters. Some ancient societies and most modern states employ egalitarian inheritance, without discrimination based on gender and/or birth order.
Cross cultural research about systems of inheritance
Land inheritance
Land inheritance customs greatly vary across cultures. The Ethnographic Atlas gives the following data regarding land distribution: primogeniture predominates in 247 societies, while ultimogeniture prevails in 16. In 19 societies land is exclusively or predominantly given to the one adjudged best qualified, while equality predominates in 301 societies. Regarding land inheritance rules, in 340 societies sons inherit, in 90 other patrilineal heirs (such as brothers), in 31 sister's sons, in 60 other matrilineal heirs (such as daughters or brothers), and in 98 all children. In 43 societies land is given to all children, but daughters receive less. In 472 societies, the distribution of inherited land follows no clear rules or information is missing, while in 436 societies inheritance rules for real property do not exist or data is missing; this is partly because there are many societies where there is little or no land to inherit, such as in hunter-gatherer or pastoral societies.
Patrilineal primogeniture, where the eldest son inherits, was customary among many cultures around the world. Patrilineal ultimogeniture, where the youngest son inherits, was customary among a number of cultures including: Fur, Fali, Sami (also called Lapp), Bashkir, Chuvash, Gagauz, Vep, Tatar, Achang, Ayi, Atayal, Kachi, Biate, Chinantec, Hmar, Mro, Kom, Purum and Lushei or Lushai (sometimes mistakenly taken for the whole Mizo people, especially in the past).
Among English peasants there was no clearly prevalent inheritance pattern, while Spanish Basques gave their land to the one considered best qualified, though they had a preference for sons. Giving more or less equal shares of land to sons, but excluded daughters was also common in many populations, as was giving relatively equal shares to both sons and daughters or slightly less to daughters. The same system prevails in contemporary Egypt and most Arab groups (see Sharia). Most non-Arab Muslims, with some exceptions (Caucasians, Iranians), historically followed their own inheritance customs, not those of the Sharia. In Ancient Egypt the eldest son inherited twice as much as other sons, and in earlier times he was the sole heir.
Among the Lao, the Aceh, the Guanches, and the Minangkabau, all daughters inherited equal shares of land. The Cham, the Jaintia, the Garo, and the Khasi practiced female ultimogeniture. Primogeniture, regardless of the sex of the child, was customary among the Paiwan, the Ifugao, the Chugach, and the French Basques. While ultimogeniture, regardless of the sex of the child, was customary among the Chuvash and the Mari.
Bilateral primogeniture is a rarer custom of inheritance where the eldest son inherits from the father and the eldest daughter inherits from the mother. This practice was common among the Classic Mayas, who transmitted the family's household furnishings from mother to eldest daughter, and the family's land, houses and agricultural tools from father to eldest son. It was also seen in the Greek island of Karpathos, where the family's house was transmitted from mother to eldest daughter, and the family's land was transmitted from father to eldest son. Among the Igorot, the father's land is inherited by his eldest son and the mother's land is inherited by her eldest daughter.
A review of numerous studies found that the pattern of land inheritance traditionally prevalent among English, Dutch and New Englander peasants was partible inheritance. The pattern of land inheritance traditionally prevalent among Russian peasants was found to be close to patrilineal primogeniture, "as oldest sons may well inherit more". The conclusions of this review contradicts previous reports that Russians practiced equal inheritance of land by all sons and that the English, Dutch and New Englanders had no definite inheritance pattern.
In easternmost Europe, patrilineal ultimogeniture prevailed among most Turkic peoples. Equal inheritance of property by all sons prevailed among most Finno-Ugric peoples, and patrilineal primogeniture prevailed among Estonians and Balts.
Inheritance customs are sometimes considered a culturally distinctive aspect of a society. Although it is often thought that the Mizos employ ultimogeniture, this is because the customs of Lushais or Lusheis are confused with those of all Mizos; Mizo and Lushai have been occasionally used interchangeably. Among most non-Lushai Mizos, primogeniture predominates, just as among Kukis. In general there is great confusion about the ethnic identity of the many northeastern Indian tribes. Some regard the generic term Zomi as most appropriate.
Inheritance of movable property
The same disparity is seen regarding inheritance of movable property. Most nomadic peoples from Asia, for example the Khalka Mongols, give a more or less equal share of the herd to each son as he marries. Typically the youngest remain behind caring for the parents and inheriting his father's tent after their death in addition to his own share of the herd. However, others, such as the Yukaghir and the Yakuts, leave most of the herd to one son (in the above examples the youngest and the eldest, respectively). Some pastoral peoples from other geographical areas also practice unequal wealth transfers, although customs of equal male inheritance are more common among them than among agriculturalists.
Patrilineal primogeniture with regards to both livestock and land was practiced by the Tswana people, whose main source of wealth was livestock, although they also practiced agriculture. This practice was also seen in other southern Bantu peoples, such as the Tsonga, or the Venda. Although, among the Venda, while the livestock was inherited by the eldest son, land was not inherited within families but given to each son by village authorities as he married. Among the Tsonga, most of the land was used only for stockbreeding. Patrilineal primogeniture also prevailed among the neighboring Khoi peoples, of whom only the Nama (among whom patrilineal primogeniture also prevailed)remain.
Many other African peoples also practiced patrilineal primogeniture with regards to livestock. These included: The Ngoni, the Gogo, the Mangbetu, the Rendille, the Sapo, the Boran, the Gabra, the Plains Pokot, the Hema, the Beti-Pahuin, the Buduma, the Dogon, the Duala, the Djafun and the Kassena. According to the Ethnographic Atlas, the Fulbe or Fulani, the largest pastoral people in Africa, divided their livestock equally between all sons. However, according to some other sources they practiced male primogeniture.
Chukchi, Koryak and Ket peoples practiced male ultimogeniture. It has been stated that the rest of Siberian peoples, such as Voguls, Samoyeds or Khantys, practiced patrilineal primogeniture, though there isn't much reliable information about the traditional customs of Siberian peoples. It is said that Gilyaks divided their cattle equally between all sons. Patrilineal primogeniture was also traditionally prevalent among pastoral peoples from Australia, such as the Aranda, as well as among Himalayan pastoralists like the Changpa.
Patrilineal primogeniture was traditionally prevalent among some pastoral peoples from Greenland and northern Canada. The neighboring indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast were organized in societies where elder sons and their lines of descent had higher status than younger sons and their lines of descent (a "conical clan"), although a rule of patrilineal primogeniture couldn't develop among most of them since they were mostly hunter-gatherers. However, rule of patrilineal primogeniture did develop among some Canadian indigenous peoples who practiced agriculture, such as the Montagnais, the Kutchin, the Pikangikum, the Ojibwa, the Klallam and the Atsugewi. Canadian indigenous peoples were influenced by the ancient Thule culture, of which little is known with certainty.
Other sources
Intergenerational wealth transmission among agriculturalists tends to be rather unequal. Only slightly more than half of the societies studied practice equal division of real property; customs to preserve land relatively intact (most commonly primogeniture) are very common. Wealth transfers are more egalitarian among pastoralists, but unequal inheritance customs also prevail in some of these societies, and they are strongly patrilineal.
A study of 39 non-Western societies found many customs that distinguished between children according to their sex and birth order. First sons, in comparison to other sons, "are likely to inherit or otherwise gain control of more family land, livestock, or other wealth." First sons inherited more than the other sons among 11 societies studied. Among the Todas, both first and last sons inherited more than the other sons. Last sons inherited more than the other sons among the Lolo and the Yukaghir, and inherited less among the Luo. The people found to have the greatest number of customs favourable to first sons in the study were the Tswana, followed closely by the Azande. The people with the greatest number of customs favorable to last sons in their study were the Lolo. This study confirmed ethnographers' claims that customs favorable to first sons were common in South Asia, Austronesia and Sub-Saharan Africa, while customs favorable to last sons were common among the ethnic minorities of Southwest China.
The only custom that distinguished between sons among the Dagor Mongols was that first sons received more respect from his siblings and last sons received less respect from their siblings. This contradicts those theories that maintain that peoples of the Asian steppe had strong customs favorable to first or last sons. In fact, the indigenous American peoples had significantly more customs favorable to first sons than the Dagor Mongols.
Among Arab peoples, such as the Egyptian Fellahin, all sons inherited the same and had the same wealth. This was also seen among the Alaska Native peoples such as the Eyak.
Jack Goody was an influential anthropologist during the twentieth century. However, his theories have been mostly rejected during the last decades. He made a distinction between a complete and a preferential form of primogeniture and ultimogeniture. In the complete form of both customs, the rest of the children are excluded from the inheritance. However, in the preferential form of primogeniture, the eldest son acts as custodian of the father's rights on behalf of his brothers. In the preferential form of ultimogeniture, the youngest son inherits the residue of his father's property after elder sons have received their shares during the father's lifetime. Goody called ultimogeniture "Borough English" and primogeniture "Borough French" because in England ultimogeniture was a native custom, while primogeniture was a custom brought by the Norman invaders. According to Goody, in Late Medieval England, patrilineal primogeniture predominated in feudal tenures and among the peasantry of large parts of the Midlands. Patrilineal ultimogeniture ("Borough English") prevailed elsewhere in the champion country. Partible inheritance (gavelkind) prevailed in Kent, East Anglia and the Celtic areas.
Both preferential primogeniture and preferential ultimogeniture were practiced in pre-revolutionary Russia, where the eldest son succeeded as family head and inherited more than the other sons. "The youngest son, if he remained with the father, inherited the house and also at times other property" (minorat). However, the share of land and moveables of the other sons was only slightly smaller than that of the eldest and the youngest son. Only in the southern part of the country was the house inherited by the youngest son; in the north it was inherited by the eldest son.
The Russian family of around 1900 considered property such as the house, agricultural implements, livestock and produce as belonging collectively to all family members. When the father died, his role as head of the family (known as Khozain, or Bolshak ) was passed to the oldest person in the house. In some areas this was the oldest son. In others it was the oldest brother of the deceased so long as he lived in the same house. There were some areas were a new head would be elected by the family members. If all surviving members of the family were under age, a relation would become a co-proprietor. If property was divided after a death, each adult male in the house got an equal share. Sons who had left home did not have a right of succession. Females remained within the family and received a share of the inheritance when they married. In the north of Russia, the oldest son inherited the house. In the south the eldest son would have set up a separate house while the father was still alive, therefore the youngest inherited the fathers house upon his death.
Systems of inheritance among various people
Throughout history, creative inheritance systems have been created, fitting the best needs of the various people according to their unique environment and challenges.
Inheritance customs as a cultural dimension
Inheritance customs do not follow clear ethnic, linguistic or geographical patterns. Equality between all sons and a subordinate position of women, with the exclusion of daughters from inheriting, are prominent aspects of Hungarian, Albanian, Romanian, Armenian, and most Slavic or Latin American cultures. While many studies show the privileged position that the eldest son traditionally enjoyed in Slovene, Finnish or Tibetan culture. The Jaintia, the Garo and the Khasi, on the other hand, traditionally privileged the youngest daughter. Some peoples, like the Dinka, the Arakanese, the Chins of Myanmar, or the Karen, frequently show a compromise between primogeniture and ultimogeniture in their inheritance patterns. Although among many Chins of Myanmar, the advantage that the eldest and the youngest son have over other sons is really small, so it is not correct to speak of a true pattern of mixed primogeniture and ultimogeniture. The advantage of the eldest and the youngest son is somewhat more ample among the Dinka and the Arakanese. The compromise between primogeniture and ultimogeniture was also found among the Kachin and the Dilling, as well as among the Sherpa to some degree. This pattern of inheritance is also reported for many Fulbe villages in the Republic of Guinea, though it seems that in past times the eldest son inherited all in Guinea.
Sometimes inheritance customs do not entirely reflect social traditions. Romans valued sons more than daughters, and Thais and Shan showed the reverse pattern, though all practiced equal land inheritance between all children. The Shan people, who live mostly in northern Thailand and northeastern Myanmar, are markedly matrilocal.
In Han Chinese tradition, the eldest son was of special importance. The law punished more harshly offences by a younger brother against an elder brother than vice versa. The eldest son received the family headship in cases where the family held together as a single unit, and the largest share in cases of family division, since he also inherited the cult to family ancestors. This is still practiced in Taiwan nowadays, though Chinese peasants have practiced partible inheritance since the time of the Qin and Han Dynasties, when the previous system of male primogeniture was abolished. In some cases, the eldest son of the eldest son, rather than the eldest son, was favored. Ritual primogeniture was emphasized in the lineage organizations of North China. During the Longshan culture period and the period of the three Dynasties (Xia, Zhou and Shang), patrilineal primogeniture predominated.
Among Mongols it has been usually stated that the youngest son had a special position because he cared for his parents in their old age. On their death he inherited the parental tent, which was connected with the religious cult in Mongol traditions, though all sons received more or less equal shares of livestock as they married. However, in contrast to this popularly held notion, more rigorous and substantiated anthropological studies of kinship and family in central Asian peoples strongly indicate that in these societies elder sons and their lines of descent had higher status than younger sons and their lines of descent. In central Asia, all members of a lineage were terminologically distinguished by generation and age, with senior superior to junior. The lineage structure of central Asia had three different modes: genealogical distance, or the proximity of individuals to one another on a graph of kinship; generational distance, or the rank of generation in relation to a common ancestor; and birth order, the rank of brothers in relation to each another. The paternal descent lines were collaterally ranked according to the birth of their founders, and were thus considered senior and junior to each other. Of the various collateral patrilines, the senior in order of descent from the founding ancestor, the line of eldest sons, was the most noble. In the steppe, no one had his exact equal; everyone found his place in a system of collaterally ranked lines of descent from a common ancestor. It was according to this idiom of superiority and inferiority of lineages derived from birth order that legal claims to superior rank were couched. Furthermore, at least among Mongols, the elder son inherited more than the younger son, and this is mandated by law codes such as the Yassa, created by Genghis Khan.
Among Arabic peoples, it is sometimes argued that the expansion of Islam brought an end to the sharp distinction between the firstborn and other sons so characteristic of ancient Semitic peoples. However, many peoples who have partially or completely embraced Islam, have also established inequality between sons, such as the Oromo of east Africa, who had patrilineal primogeniture in inheritance, in spite of the fact that some of them were Muslim. Other Muslim peoples, like the Minangkabau and the Javanese of Indonesia, the Turks, or the Fur in Sudan, also have inheritance practices that contradict their Islamic beliefs. Most non-Arab Muslims historically followed their own inheritance customs, not those of the Sharia.
In India, inheritance customs were (and still are) very diverse. Patrilineal primogeniture predominated in ancient times. The Laws of Manu state that the oldest son inherits all of the father's estate. Since the Middle Ages patrilineal equal inheritance has prevailed in perhaps a majority of groups, although the eldest son often received an extra share. Under this system, the estate would be shared between all sons, but these would often remain together with their respective families under the headship of the karta or family head, who was usually the eldest son of the previous family head. However, among some South Asian peoples, such as the Western Punjabi, male primogeniture continued to prevail.
Fertility and marriage strategies across diverse societies
Cross-cultural comparisons
The practice of widow inheritance by younger brothers has been observed in many parts of Africa and the Asian steppe, as well as small zones of South Asia. This practice forces younger brothers to marry older women. Eastern European cultures, on the other hand, are characterized by early, universal and equal access to marriage and reproduction, due to their systems of equal inheritance of land and movable property by all sons. Research on pre-industrial Russian Karelia however, suggests that younger brothers frequently remained unmarried, and the joint-family household characterized by the equal inheritance of land and moveable property by all sons and patriarchal power relations wasn't universal in Russia.
The patrilineal joint-family systems and more or less equal inheritance for all son in India and China meant that there was no difference in marriage and reproduction due to birth order. In the stem-family systems of Northwest Europe however, access to marriage and reproduction wasn't equal for all sons, since only one of them would inherit most or all of the land.
The survival and well-being of children in India and China is positively influenced by the number of older siblings of the opposite sex and negatively influenced by the number of older siblings of the same sex. However, definitive celibacy was historically relatively uncommon in India and China, but relatively common in many European societies where inheritance was impartible. The Han Chinese first sons historically married earlier, had lower rates of definitive celibacy and more children (especially males) than their younger brothers. However, they suffered higher mortality rates. This has been attributed to the fact that eldest sons needed to have more children to succeed them as heads and were willing to take more risks and suffer a higher drain of resources to achieve this. The Chinese joint family system had strong inegalitarian traits that made it demographically more akin to a stem family system. According to Emmanuel Todd and others, it be reminiscent of the system of patrilineal primogeniture prevalent during the Longshan culture period and the period of the Three Dynasties.
Variations by class and context
There is a strong relationship between fertility and inheritance in "Malthusian" contexts of resource scarcity. In contexts where resources are plentiful, the relationship between inheritance and social outcomes can be different. In the Midwest and Northeast United States during the period from 1775 to 1875, where resources were plentiful, being the first son was positively correlated with wealth and fertility. As in other western cultures, but unlike European societies where resources were scarce, this has a complex relationship with inheritance.
Inheritance practices and seniority of patriline, as well as the importance of inheritance itself, have varied over time among the Lisu. This was mostly in response to changes in resource availability and poppy cultivation.
In the United States, daughters currently inherit on average more than sons. In the past, however, the eldest son was favored in matters of land inheritance. During the Colonial Period, the eldest son inherited twice more than the other sons in the northern colonies (these inheritance laws were modelled on Mosaic Law), and in the southern colonies there was a rule of male primogeniture.
In northern Ghana, a region where male primogeniture predominates, rich households favoured sons over daughters. It is likely that first born sons would have been preferred as they would inherit the wealth and therefore have higher reproductive prospects.
Cultural patterns of child-preference
In recent times inheritance in the western world has generally been egalitarian despite parents showing favoritism towards daughters and later-born sons. In parent-son relationships, mothers usually show favouritism towards the first son and fathers to later born sons however these tendencies have lost much of their importance with regards to inheritance.
Customs of ultimogeniture among farmers has been explained as a consequence of postponing retirement so they do not feel "dethroned" early by their eldest son. This line of thinking has been linked to the preeminence of lastborn siblings in popular myth and folklore around the world. As a consequence, in some cultures that practice male preimogentiure there are ambiguous, contradictory feelings towards last born sons.
Among the Hausa of West Africa, who practice primogeniture, the mother and oldest son engage in mutual avoidance behavior to mark the woman's positive change in status upon producing an heir. The father may also avoid the son if he is the mother's first male child, speaking to him through intermediaries rather than directly.
Among the Mossi of central Burkina Faso in West Africa, the eldest son would be sent to relatives shortly after circumcision and return to the parental household shortly after puberty; after the death of his father he would inherit his property.
A study of the people of the Pacific island Tikopia in 1929 found that the eldest son must marry and receive more land, while the younger sons remain bachelors, emigrate or even die. However, by 1952 many of the customs were being abandoned and marriage was beginning to become universal. In the succession to chieftainship, the traditional custom of male primogeniture continued though.
In some societies in Sub-Saharan Africa where male primogeniture was practiced, tensions between parents and their inheriting eldest son were resolved through rituals of avoidance. This was most extreme among the Tallensi. Among East Asian peoples, on the other hand, co-residence between parents and their eldest son was thought of as normal and desirable in systems of impartible inheritance, and in some countries such as Japan, Vietnam and South Korea it is widely practiced even nowadays. Historically in Japan, marriage and reproduction by the eldest son was facilitated by their status as heirs.
In Japan, Korea and Vietnam, as well as in some of those European regions where male primogeniture was practiced, parents didn't transfer their property to the inheriting son at the point of his marriage as among Germans. Instead, the first son remained under his father's authority even after he had married and had had children, and the father remained the nominal head of the family until his death, relinquishing his actual authority slowly and gradually. In Japan, only the inheriting son stayed in the parental household. He could become head of the family any time between his marriage and the death of his predecessor. The timing of this was normally dictated by familial or local traditions. The Catalan and Occitan stem families in Europe closely resembled the model seen in Japan.
In rural China, property and landholdings are usually divided up when the older son marries.
Normally the youngest son continues to live with the parents and inherits their remaining share of the property. Prior to the revolution in 1949, most families in rural areas of China stayed together for many years after the oldest son marries, sometimes until the youngest son married. However, there is some evidence that the practice of co-residing with the eldest son continues.
In Israel, coresidence between parents and their eldest son prevails in the context of the Moshav movement, that prohibited breaking up family plots; thus the eldest son inherits the family farm.
In South Korea, modern businesses (chaebol) are handed down according to male primogeniture in most cases. A study of family firms in the UK, France, Germany and US found that male primogeniture was the inheritance rule in more than half of family firms in France and the UK, but only in less than a third of those in the US and only in a quarter (25 per cent) of those in Germany.
Social approaches to inheritance customs
Employing differing forms of succession can affect many areas of society. Gender roles are profoundly affected by inheritance laws and traditions. Impartible inheritance has the effect of keeping large estates united and thus perpetuating an elite. With partible inheritance large estates are slowly divided among many descendants and great wealth is thus diluted. Inheritance customs can even affect gender differences in cognitive abilities. Among the Karbis, who employ male primogeniture, men perform significantly better than women in tasks of spatial abilities. There are no significant differences in the performance of men and women among the Khasis, who employ female ultimogeniture.
The degree of acceptance that a society may show towards an inheritance rule can also vary. In South Africa, for example, the influence of more modern, western social ideas has caused strong opposition, both civil and official, to the customary law of patrilineal primogeniture traditionally prevalent among black peoples, and inheritance customs are gradually changing.
Among the indigenous tribes of South Africa, the oldest son inherits after the death of the father. If the oldest son is also dead, the oldest surviving grandson inherits; if the eldest son has no sons, the inheritance is passed to the father's second son or his sons, and so on through all the sons and their male children if necessary. In polygynous families which were formed of multiple units, the inheritance rules were changed slightly. Each marriage formed a new unit, independent from the others, with separate property which was inherited by the heir of each unit. Polygynous families practised either simple or complex inheritance. In the simple system the heir is the eldest son of the first wife, of if he is dead, the eldest grandson. If the first wife had no sons, the inheritance went to the oldest surviving male descendant of the second wife, and so on through all the wives if necessary. Complex inheritance happened when the homestead was separated into two or three units, depending on the number of wives, and the eldest son of each wife became heir of their unit. If there was no heir in one of the units, the heir of the other inherited both. This form of inheritance was seen among the Xhosa people of south eastern South Africa.
In Lesotho and southern Ethiopia, most people still follow the custom of male primogeniture.
However, in Zambia, Namibia and Cameroon, the prevalent customary law of patrilineal primogeniture is beginning to be challenged in court. In eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, the predominant custom of male primogeniture is also beginning to be considered unfair by some women and younger sons. The custom of patrilineal primogeniture predominant in South Sudan, Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, Equatorial Guinea, Zimbabwe and Gambia have not caused much opposition.
In Ghana, the diverse inheritance customs across ethnic groups, such as the male primogeniture among the Ewe and the Krobos, or matrilineal inheritance among the Akan, contribute to the occurrence of children living in the streets. In Sierra Leone, the inheritance customs prevalent in the country, were either the eldest son or the eldest brother inherits the property, create insecurities for widows. In South Korea, favouring the eldest son has been predominant almost up to recent times, despite laws of equal inheritance for all children. In 2005, in more than half (52.6 per cent) cases of inheritance the eldest son inherited most or all of his parents' property; in more than 30 per cent of cases the eldest son inherited all of his parents' property. In the past North Korea has the same pattern of inheritance as the South, however no details about current inheritance practices have been available since the county's proclamation of independence in 1948.
Social transformations can also modify inheritance customs to a great extent. For example, the Samburu of north-central Kenya are pastoralists who have traditionally practiced an attenuated form of patrilineal primogeniture, with the eldest son receiving the largest share of the family herd and each succeeding son receiving a considerably smaller share than any of his seniors. Now that many of them have become agriculturalists, some argue that land inheritance should follow patrilineal primogeniture, while others argue for equal division of the land. The Bhil people of central India, who were hunter-gatherers in the past, adopted a system of attenuated patrilineal primogeniture identical to that of pastoral Samburu when they became agriculturalists. The same custom also prevails among some other peoples, like the Elgeyo and Maasai in Kenya, or the Nupe of Nigeria and Niger. Most of the Amhara in Ethiopia divide their property between all sons, however male primogeniture is practised in some regions. Favoring the eldest son is also common among the Dinka in South Sudan. Among the Shona of Zimbabwe and Mozambique, the oldest son it the first to inherit and gets the best piece of the land. The oldest accounts of the Shona mention patrilineal primogeniture as their inheritance custom, with the oldest son of any of the deceased's wives becoming the main heir. The widow was inherited by her husbands brother but could choose not to be.
Systems of social stratification
Detailed anthropological and sociological studies have been made about customs of patrilineal inheritance, where only male children can inherit. Some cultures also employ matrilineal succession, where property can only pass along the female line, most commonly going to the sister's sons of the decedent; but also, in some societies, from the mother to her daughters. Some ancient societies and most modern states employ egalitarian inheritance, without discrimination based on gender and/or birth order.
The evolution of inheritance practices in Europe
The right of patrilineal primogeniture, though widespread during medieval and modern times in Europe, doesn't seem to have prevailed so extensively in ancient times. In Athens, according to Demosthenes and the Laws of Solon, the eldest son inherited the house and with it the cult to family ancestors. Aristotle spoke about patrilineal primogeniture during his time in Thebes and Corinth. He also spoke about the revolts that put an end to it in Massalia, Istros, Heraclea and Cnido). While Aristotle was opposed to this right, Plato wanted it to become more widespread. However, the nature of inheritance practices in Ancient Sparta is hotly debated among scholars. Ancient Greeks also considered the eldest son the avenger of wrongs done to parents—"The Erinyes are always at the command of the first-born".
Roman law didn't recognise primogeniture, but in practice Romans favored the eldest son. In Ancient Persia, succession to the family headship was determined by patrilineal primogeniture.
Among Celtic and Germanic peoples, the predominant custom during ancient times seems to have been to divide the land in equal parts for each of the sons. However, the house could be left to only one of them. Evidence of actual practices and law codes such as the Sachsenspiegel indicate that Germans left the house to the youngest son. This was possibly connected to the cult to family ancestors, which was also inherited by the youngest son. Celts from Ireland and northern France left the house to the eldest son. Both Germans and Irish divided the land into equal shares until the early Modern Age, when impartible inheritance gradually took hold among both peoples. However, according to Tacitus the German tribe of the Tencteri employed patrilineal primogeniture. There is also evidence that in Schleswig Holstein, leaving the estate to the eldest son and giving only monetary compensation to his siblings was the prevailing practice since around the year 100. Patrilineal primogeniture also prevailed among the Vikings. In Scotland, certain types of property descended exclusively to the eldest son in the Scottish Lowlands even before the Norman conquest in 1066. Patrilineal primogeniture with regards to all types of immoveable property became the legal rule in all of Scotland during the reign of William I (1165–1214). Until 1868, all immovable property, also called in Scottish law "heritable property" (buildings, lands, etc.) was inherited exclusively by the eldest son and couldn't be included in a will. After 1868, it could be included in a will or testament, but if a person died intestate, it was still inherited exclusively by the eldest son. In 1964, this rule of male primogeniture in cases of intestacy was finally abolished. According to Bede, the custom in Northumbria reserved a substantial birthright for the eldest son even before the Norman conquest and other local customs of inheritance also gave certain additional benefits to the eldest son. After the Norman conquest, male primogeniture became widespread throughout England, becoming the common law with the promulgation of the Magna Carta in 1215, only slightly later than in Scotland. After 1540, a testator could dispose of its immovable property as he saw fit with the use of a testament, but until 1925 it was still inherited solely by the eldest son if he died intestate. However, although the gentry and the nobility in England practiced a relatively strict form of male primogeniture, there was no clearly prevalent inheritance pattern among peasants, giving rise to a sort of "proto-capitalist" rural economy, the "absolute nuclear" family. During Late Medieval Times male ultimogeniture ("Borough-English") was the predominant custom in England, as it was the customary rule of inheritance among unfree peasants, and this social class comprised most of the population according to the Domesday Book. In Scotland, by contrast, a strict form of male primogeniture prevailed (and still prevails) even among peasants.
The Scottish clan of the feudal era, which survived in the Highlands until 1747, was the only known example of a conical clan in Europe, along with the Roman gens according to Fustel de Coulanges. As Gartmore says in a paper written in 1747, "The property of these Highlands belongs to a great many different persons, who are more or less considerable in proportion to the extent of their estates, and to the command of men that live upon them, or follow them on account of their clanship, out of the estates of others. These lands are set by the landlord during pleasure, or a short tack, to people whom they call good-men, and who are of a superior station to the commonality. These are generally the sons, brothers, cousins, or nearest relations of the landlord. The younger sons of families are not bred to any business or employments, but are sent to the French or Spanish armies, or marry as soon as they are of age. Those are left to their own good fortune and conduct abroad, and these are preferred to some advantageous farm at home. This, by the means of a small portion, and the liberality of their relations, they are able to stock, and which they, their children, and grandchildren, possess at an easy rent, till a nearer descendant be again preferred to it.
As the propinquity removes, they become less considered, till at last they degenerate to be of the common people; unless some accidental acquisition of wealth supports them above their station. As this hath been an ancient custom, most of the farmers and cottars are of the name and clan of the proprietor; and, if they are not really so, the proprietor either obliges them to assume it, or they are glaid to do so, to procure his protection and favour."
Prior to the advent of feudalism during Late Medieval times and the creation of the system above explained, no trace of male primogeniture or a similar custom existed in Scotland or elsewhere in the Celtic world. The successor to the office of the chief was selected among the wider kin of the previous chief (tanistry), and the land, among common families, was divided between all sons. Among many ancient Germanic tribes, on the other hand, male primogeniture determined succession to political office, the eldest son of a chief customarily succeeding his father. The common rule of land inheritance was partible inheritance, as in the Celtic world.
The British custom of male primogeniture became also prevalent in some British colonies, most strongly in Australia. The contrary development occurred in South Africa, where the Afrikaner colonizers, who practiced partible inheritance, were always opposed to the custom of male primogeniture prevalent among indigenous black peoples. In New Zealand, European colonizers chose any son to succeed to the family farm, without regards to his fraternal birth order, while patrilineal primogeniture prevailed among the indigenous Maori people.
In parts of northern France, giving a slightly larger share to the eldest son was common among peasants even before the 10th century; after that century, patrilineal primogeniture developed among the nobility (impartible inheritance never obtained among peasants in most of northern France). Flanders was probably the first country where patrilineal primogeniture became predominant among aristocrats. By the time of the French revolution it had become almost universal in this social class in western, central and northern Europe, but inheritance customs among peasants varied widely across regions.
Strabo also speaks about customs of male primogeniture among Iberian peoples (most of the Iberian peninsula was populated by then by Celtic or half-Celtic peoples, not Iberians proper). He mentions that among the Cantabrii, however, the eldest child regardless of sex inherited the family property. By the term "Cantabrii" he was most probably referring not to the actual Cantabrians but to the Basques (who were not an Iberian people); among the Basques of France, this usage survived until the French Revolution, long after it had been replaced by male primogeniture or free selection of an heir among the Basques of Spain. In Catalonia, in northeastern Spain, the custom of male primogeniture survived in an exceptionally vigorous form among peasants until very recent times (in northeastern Catalonia, for example, peasants rigorously respected the right of male primogeniture until very recent times. In the province of Lleida, too, even as late as the mid-twentieth century, only 7.11 percent of the sons who became single-heirs were not the first son. In central and southern Catalonia, male primogeniture was also predominant). However, in other past Iberian regions which were subject to greater Muslim influence, such as Valencia, this custom only survived in some areas.
Welsh laws of inheritance
The ancient Welsh laws of inheritance inform us about the evolution of inheritance practices in Great Britain. The Venedotian Code establishes that land must be partitioned between all sons and that the youngest has a preferential claim to the buildings:
"If there be buildings, the youngest brother but one is to divide the tyddyns,* for in that case he is the meter; and the youngest to have his choice of the tyddyns, and after that he is to divide all the patrimony. And by seniority they are to choose unto the youngest; and that division is to continue during the lives of the brothers."
"If there be no buildings on the land, the youngest son is to divide all the patrimony, and the eldest is to choose; and each, in seniority, choose unto the youngest."
"Land of a hamlet is not to be shared as tyddyns, but as gardens; and if there be buildings thereon, the youngest son is not more entitled to them than the eldest, but they are to be shared as chambers."
"When brothers share their patrimony between them, the younger is to have the principal tenement, and all the buildings, of his father, and eight einvs of land; his boiler, his hatchet, and his coulter, because a father cannot give these three to any one but the youngest son, and though they should be pledged they never become forfeited. Then let every brother take an homestead with eight erws of land; and the youngest son is to divide, and they are to choose in succession from the eldest to the youngest."
This was later replaced by a preference for the eldest son, and the Dimetian Code provides:
Canon law-dictated patrilineal primogeniture:
During the Modern Age, many Welsh peasants in upland areas lived in stem families where the eldest son took over the farm when his father became old. Perhaps most intriguingly, in the inner, lowland areas of Wales, where English culture was stronger and absolute nuclear families on the English model prevailed, male ultimogeniture predominated.
The fideicommissum
Inheritance can be organized in a way that its use is restricted by the desires of someone (usually of the decedent). An inheritance may have been organized as a fideicommissum, which usually cannot be sold or diminished, only its profits are disposable. A fideicommissum's succession can also be ordered in a way that determines it long (or eternally) also with regard to persons born long after the original descendant. Royal succession has typically been more or less a fideicommissum, the realm not (easily) to be sold and the rules of succession not to be (easily) altered by a holder (a monarch). The fideicommissum, which in fact had little resemblance to the Roman institution of the same name, was almost the standard method of property transfer among the European nobility; Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Bohemia, Sweden and Italy were some of the countries where it became very popular among wealthy landowners, beginning in most cases around the early Modern Age. It was almost always organized around principles of male primogeniture. The Spanish mayorazgo and the Portuguese morgado also resembled the Continental fideicommissum more than the noble customs of Great Britain and most French regions; noble customs of primogeniture in these countries were more ancient and thus took different legal forms. Inheritance of noble titles also distinguished Great Britain from Continental Europe, since in most European countries most noble titles (though not estates) were inherited by all sons, sometimes even all children.
References
Inheritance |
Porog () is a rural locality (a village) in Opokskoye Rural Settlement, Velikoustyugsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 14 as of 2002.
Geography
Porog is located 64 km southwest of Veliky Ustyug (the district's administrative centre) by road. Priluki is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Velikoustyugsky District |
Ashok Row Kavi is an Indian journalist and LGBT rights activist.
Life
He was born in Mumbai on 1 June 1947. He graduated with honours in Chemistry from the University of Bombay. Later, he dropped out of engineering college. Due to his early difficulty in dealing with his homosexuality, he enrolled as a Hindu monk in the Ramakrishna Mission and studied theology. Encouraged by a senior monk, he left the monastery to freely explore and express his homosexuality. He has also studied at the International Institute for Journalism.
Career
In a journalism career spanning 18 years, he worked in various newspapers and magazines, including India's largest circulated newspaper Malayala Manorama (as Western India Bureau-Chief), Sunday Mail and The Daily. For six years he was also senior reporter covering Science and Technology in The Indian Express group of newspapers. His career as a journalist began in 1974 with The Indian Express and was the chief reporter with The Free Press Journal from 1984 to 1989.
In 1971, he started Debonair, with friend Anthony Van Braband and later in 1990, he founded Bombay Dost, India's first gay magazine. He was a representative at the International AIDS Conference in Amsterdam and served as chairman of the Second International Congress on AIDS.
Although he retired from journalism in 1990, he has worked at providing a formal platform for homosexuals to become actively involved in public life and institutions through media, advocacy, co-operation and community-building. Row Kavi was the first person to openly talk about homosexuality and gay rights in India. His first coming out interview appeared in Savvy magazine in 1986. His mother, Shobha Row Kavi, also gave an interview to the same magazine; it was the first time that a mother spoke about her son's homosexuality to the Indian media.
Activism
At the present, he is founder-chairperson of the Humsafar Trust, an LGBT rights and health services NGO, which also agitates for the legal emancipation of homosexuality in India. The trust's work comprises community work, outreach into the gay and MSM groups, advocacy on gender and sexuality issues concerning sexual minorities and research into sexuality and gender issues. Besides running several intervention programmes (funded by national and international organisations and private donors) for HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections in Mumbai and Goa, Row Kavi and the trust have been lobbying with policy making bodies as well as supporting similar upcoming groups across the country.
In 1998, Row Kavi received a fellowship to design model questionnaires in the MSM sector at the Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), University of California, San Francisco. Row Kavi has been a participant in various international and national fora, including the ICAAPs and the International HIV/AIDS Conferences, where he has made at least five oral presentations. As head of Humsafar, he has also organised the first 'Looking into the Next Millennium' conference of 32 MSM NGOs in Mumbai in May 2001 and co-organized the first ILGA-Asia conference in Mumbai in October 2002.
Row Kavi has been a regular contributor to newspapers, magazines and journals around the world, on homosexuality, gay rights and issues around HIV/AIDS. He is an active supporter of organisations like the Gay Bombay an LGBT social organisation in Mumbai.
Row Kavi is also NGO representative, Executive Committee, Mumbai District AIDS Control Society (MDACS); member, Technical Resource Group, Targeted Interventions, National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO); visiting faculty at Mumbai's Tata Institute of Social Sciences, the department of Clinical Psychology of the University of Mumbai, Nirmala Niketan, and the International Institute of Population Studies.
Row Kavi has been listed among India's Seven Most Influential Gay & Lesbian individuals by Pink Pages magazine.
In September 2017 India Times listed Kavi as one of the 11 Human Rights Activists Whose Life Mission Is To Provide Others with a Dignified Life
He is also known for his support for the ruling Hindu nationalist BJP and India's present Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
Controversy
In 1995 on the Nikki Tonight show hosted by Nikki Bedi, Row Kavi related a story about how he had, in his youth, had a letter published in a magazine in which he described Mahatma Gandhi as a "bastard bania". The STAR TV show was widely criticised and considered irresponsible for broadcasting the story and it resulted in the cancellation of the show. Nikki Bedi and Row Kavi would soon make a public apology as well.
References
External links
Interview at Gay Today Magazine
Humsafar
Row Kavi on the Da Vinci Code
Interview with NDTV during COVID-19 pandemic
1947 births
Living people
Journalists from Maharashtra
Indian activist journalists
Gay journalists
LGBT monks
Indian gay writers
Indian LGBT journalists
LGBT Hindus
Indian LGBT rights activists
Writers from Mumbai
21st-century Indian LGBT people |
Reverend James Henry Savory (1855-1903) was an English clergyman, a Double Blue at Oxford University, a first-class cricketer, and an FA Cup finalist in football.
Life
Baptised at Binfield on 15 April 1855, only son of the Reverend Edmund Savory (1825-1912) and his wife Diana Maria Randall, he was educated at Winchester College and from 1874 at Trinity College, Oxford, gaining a MA in 1885. In 1886, he was appointed vicar of Little Dalby in Leicestershire. From 1896, he was chaplain of the chapel on the Bayham Abbey estate, being recorded there in the 1901 census. Probate of his will was granted to his widow on 31 August 1903.
Cricket career
He played for his school, Winchester College, in 1873 and 1874, and then at university for his college, Trinity. Picked for the University team, he played in the Varsity Match against Cambridge in 1877 and 1878. Other first-class teams he played for were MCC, A.W. Ridley's XI, and Gentlemen of England. He also batted for Harlequins, Old Wykehamists, and finally Free Foresters, for whom he last turned out in 1893.
Football career
At university, he qualified for the Oxford University team, who were runners-up in the 1876-77 FA Cup.
Family
On 25 February 1886 at Thornton, Buckinghamshire, he married Amy (1859-1929), second daughter of the Reverend Herbert Richard Peel and his wife Georgiana Maria, daughter of the Reverend Thomas Baker. His wife's older sister, Alice, married Arthur Howard Heath. With Amy he had two daughters, Gladys Rebe Savory (1887-1947) and Ethel Mary Savory (1888-1958), who did not marry.
References
External links
1855 births
1903 deaths
People from Binfield
People educated at Winchester College
Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford
English cricketers
Oxford University cricketers
19th-century English Anglican priests
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
People from Lamberhurst
A. W. Ridley's XI cricketers
Gentlemen of England cricketers
Men's association football players not categorized by position
Association football players not categorized by nationality
Cricketers from Berkshire |
The first USS Levant was a second-class sloop-of-war in the United States Navy.
Levant was launched on 28 December 1837 by New York Navy Yard; and commissioned on 17 March 1838, with Commander Hiram Paulding in command.
Service history
West Indies and Pacific, 1838–1845
Levant sailed from New York on 1 April 1838 for four years' service in the West Indies Squadron protecting American interests in the Caribbean and South Atlantic. Returning to Norfolk, Virginia, the sloop-of-war decommissioned 26 June 1842.
She recommissioned 27 March 1843, Comdr. Hugh N. Page in command, and departed Norfolk to join the Pacific Squadron under Commodore John D. Sloat. From 1843 to 1845 Levant cruised between Panama and Latin American ports carrying diplomats and dispatches and generally furthering American national policy.
Mexican–American War, 1846–47
With the Mexican–American War impending, Levant was ordered to the California coast to protect American citizens and property, and was en route when Mexico declared war on 12 May 1846. The sloop arrived off Monterey, California on 1 July, and six days later a landing force from Levant, , and took possession of the recently proclaimed Republic of California.
On 23 July, Commodore Sloat relinquished command of the Pacific Squadron because of illness, and sailed 29 July in Levant for the east coast. Upon arriving at Norfolk on 28 April 1847, the sloop was placed in ordinary.
Mediterranean, 1852–1855
Levant was recommissioned on 12 July 1852, Comdr. George P. Upshur in command, and sailed for the Mediterranean. When Commander Upshur died on board Levant off Spezia, Italy on 3 November, Comdr. Louis M. Goldsborough, later to win fame in the American Civil War, took command. On 7 April 1853 at Leghorn, Italy, Levant loaded statues by American sculptor Horatio Greenough, including one of George Washington, destined for the Capitol at Washington, D.C. After embarking the U.S. Minister to Turkey and his family at Piraeus, Greece on 24 June, Levant sailed to Constantinople, arriving on 5 July. Returning to Hampton Roads, Virginia, on 29 April 1855, Levant decommissioned at New York Navy Yard on 4 May.
East India Squadron, 1855–58
Recommissioned on 31 October, Comdr. William N. Smith in command, Levant sailed on 13 November for Rio de Janeiro, the Cape of Good Hope, and Hong Kong, where she arrived to join the East India Squadron on 12 May 1856. On 1 July she embarked the U.S. Commissioner to China for transportation to Shanghai, arriving 1 August. At the outbreak of hostilities between the British and the Chinese, Levant arrived Whampoa on 28 October. Comdr. Andrew H. Foote then sent a landing party from Levant and his own ship, , to Canton to protect American lives and property there. On 15 November, while in the process of withdrawing this force, Commander Foote was fired on while passing in a small boat by the "Barrier Forts" on the Pearl River below Canton. On the 16th Levant was towed upriver to join Portsmouth and in keeping the Pearl open to American shipping. As the forts were being strengthened in disregard of American neutrality, Foote was ordered by Commodore James Armstrong, commanding the squadron, "to take such measures as his judgment would dictate... even the capture of the forts."
Commander Foote complied with all the dash and courage for which he became famous during the Civil War. On 20 November he took the first fort by leading an amphibious assault with 300 men, then silenced the second with cannon captured from the first. Next day he took the third, and by the 24th all four were in American hands and the Pearl once again safe for American shipping.
Levant, close in through most of the action, received the major part of the Chinese bombardment, with 22 shot holes in her hull and rigging, one man dead, and six injured. Destruction of the earthworks was completed by 5 December, and Levant cruised between Hong Kong and Shanghai until she departed Hong Kong on 7 December 1857 for home, arriving at the Boston Navy Yard 6 April 1858.
Pacific Squadron, 1859–60
After repairs into 1859, Levant, Comdr. William E. Hunt in command, sailed on 15 June for the Pacific, arriving at Valparaíso, Chile on 11 October, to serve as Pacific Squadron flagship, wearing Commodore John B. Montgomery's broad pennant, through December. In January 1860 Levant sailed for the coast of Nicaragua, where she relieved and began five months of showing the flag off the coasts of Central and South America.
In May 1860, Levant was ordered to the Hawaiian Islands at the request of the Secretary of State to investigate the disbursement of relief funds to American merchant seamen. After receiving a state visit by King Kamehameha IV at Honolulu on 7 May, and investigating at Lahaina, Maui, and Hilo, Hawaii, Levant sailed for Panama on 18 September 1860, but never made port.
Disappearance
Commodore Montgomery reported that a violent hurricane had occurred in September 1860 in a part of the Pacific Ocean which Levant was to cross. In June 1861, a mast and a part of a lower yardarm believed to be from Levant were found near Hilo. Spikes had been driven into the mast as if to form a raft. Rumors also circulated that she had run aground on an uncharted reef off California.
In July 1861, a small bottle was found at Cape Sable Island, Nova Scotia. It was corked and contained a card that read in part: "Pacific Ocean" "Levant" "Written by the last remaining" "three" "in a boat" "God forgive us". Unfortunately, the card was damaged when it was removed from the bottle and parts of the message were unreadable. This card was in the possession of Thomas Willett of Pubnico, Nova Scotia, in 1862, who lost a son aboard this vessel.(How? Further information is needed).
On 24 July 1861, the United States Congress passed a law to compensate the widows and orphan children of the officers, seamen, marines and others who were lost with the Levant. The law made a provision for accounts paid and received by the ship's purser, Andrew J. Watson, which were to be settled. The law was included in the "Private Acts" section of the statutes book. The deaths of the officers of Levant were recorded in the Navy Register of 1863 as occurring on 30 June 1861. (This was probably to allow the survivors of the lost men to collect 6 months of their pay as compensation.)
Literary reemergence
In 1863, when Edward Everett Hale wrote the patriotic short story The Man Without a Country, the announcement of the death of the exiled Philip Nolan while at sea is said to have been while he was aboard the USS Levant on 11 May 1863. In reality, the ship was last heard from in September 1860.
References
Sloops of the United States Navy
Mexican–American War ships of the United States
1837 ships
Second Opium War |
The 2015 Newfoundland and Labrador Tankard, the provincial men's curling championship of Newfoundland and Labrador, was held from February 6 to 8 at the Carol Curling Club in Labrador City. The winning Brad Gushue rink represented Newfoundland and Labrador at the 2015 Tim Hortons Brier in Calgary.
Teams
Due to the cost of flying from Newfoundland to Labrador and the skill level of the perennial provincial champion Brad Gushue rink, only two teams entered the competition: Gushue and a local Labrador City team, the Gary Wensman rink.
Results
Gushue and Wensman played a best of five series.
Draw 1
Friday, February 6, 2:30 pm
Draw 2
Friday, February 6, 7:30 pm
Draw 3
Saturday, February 7, 9:30 am
References
Newfoundland and Labrador Tankard
Curling in Newfoundland and Labrador
Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador Tankard
Tankard |
John McIllwaine Moore "Mick" Commaille (born 21 February 1883 in Cape Town, Cape Province, died 28 July 1956 in Sea Point, Cape Province) was a South African cricketer who played in 12 Tests from 1909–10 to 1927–28. He also played international amateur football for South Africa.
Commaille had a very long cricket career as a right-handed opening batsman, first appearing for Western Province in 1905–06 and not making his final first-class appearance until 1930–31, when he was playing for Griqualand West.
Cricket before the First World War
Commaille made a single appearance as a middle-order batsman for Western Province against the 1905–06 MCC side, making little impression. He returned to the Western Province side as an opening batsman in the 1908–09 Currie Cup competition, scoring 74 in the match against Border. A few days later he scored 34 and 65 against Transvaal as Western Province beat their rivals by six runs to take the Cup.
In the 1909–10 season, an England team toured South Africa, playing its non-Test matches as Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). The game against Western Province was won by MCC by an innings inside two days, and Commaille scored only 13 and 14 in the two Western Province innings. Despite this modest record, Commaille was picked for the South Africa team for the first Test, batting down the order at No 8 in the first innings and No 9 in the second; he scored just 8 in the first innings but in the second he made 19 and put on 74 for the eighth wicket with Aubrey Faulkner, who made 123. Commaille's adhesive powers were demonstrated again in the second Test. Having failed with a score of just 3 in the first innings when batting at No 9, he was promoted to No 6 in the second innings and scored 30 out of 103 made while he was at the wicket as South Africa amassed a match-winning total after a tie on first innings. There was further promotion up the batting order in the third Test: he scored 39 batting at No 6 in the first innings and then just 2 batting at No 3 in the second. Finally in the fourth Test he was tried as an opening batsman alongside Billy Zulch and responded with an innings of 42, his highest of the series and the highest of the South African first innings; he scored just three in the second innings. He was not successful in the final Test, scoring just four and five as England won easily. In the five Tests, Commaille scored 155 runs at an average of just 15.50.
Despite this modest performance, Commaille was selected for the 1910–11 tour of Australia, the first Test tour of Australia by a South African team. He was not successful on the tour, however, and was selected for only six first-class matches and none of the Tests; in some games he batted as low as No 10 and his highest score on tour was just 29, with an average of only 9.90. Commaille supplemented his cricket with some journalism on the tour, writing an adulatory article about the Tasmanian leg of the tour for The Argus newspaper.
He was more successful in domestic South African cricket in 1912–13 and scored 55 and 103, his first century, in the match against Orange Free State. In 1913–14, there was another tour of South Africa by an England team; Commaille played in both the first-class matches for Western Province against the touring side, and scored 52 in the second of them, but by this time all the Tests had been played and he had not been picked for any of them.
Football career
Alongside his cricket career, Commaille was also prominent in South African Association football as both a player and an administrator; in 1913, he was the honorary secretary of the Football Association of South Africa at a time when a triangular Commonwealth series of internationals between England, South Africa and Australia was proposed (and rejected). As a player, he represented South Africa at either outside- or inside-right.
Cricket after the First World War
Commaille resumed his first-class cricket career with matches against the Australian Imperial Forces cricket team in 1919–20, and when proper domestic competition returned in 1920–21 he was immediately far more successful than he had been in any season pre-War. In the first Western Province game of the season against a very weak Border team he made 156, more than the opposing team made in their two innings combined. Later in the season he hit a second century against Griqualand West. There were tours to South Africa by Australia in 1921–22 and England in 1922–23, and Commaille played in the Western Province games against both sides, but did not earn a Test recall. In 1923–24 at the age of 40, he had his best domestic season, with unbeaten centuries against Natal and Griqualand West, and with places still up for grabs on the 1924 tour to England Commaille captained one of two trial sides in an end-of-season match, after which the team was chosen. Commaille's team lost the match to Neville Lindsay's team convincingly, but Commaille was picked for the tour and Lindsay was not.
Commaille was not merely a player on the tour to England in 1924; he was vice-captain to Herbie Taylor. Taylor, however, played in every single first-class match on the tour and Commaille's captaincy was restricted to three non-first-class games against Scotland, Durham and a side from North Wales. But he played regularly as an opening batsman, and scored 1118 first-class runs at an average of 25.40 and with a highest score of 85. Wisden Cricketers' Almanack wrote of him that he was a "good useful batsman but, though a consistent run-getter, he did nothing out of the common". Commaille appeared in all five Test matches. In the first game, Commaille's first Test for 14 years, the South Africans were sensationally dismissed in the first innings for just 30, and Commaille, batting at No 5, was the not-out batsman, though he made only one run; in the second innings, he resumed his more normal position as an opener and made 29 out of 101 runs added while he was at the wicket, as the South Africans totalled 390, still losing the match by an innings. The second Test had a similar result, but more even batting by the South Africans; Commaille was out without scoring in the first innings but made 37, his best of the series, in the second. Commaille's personal pattern for the series was maintained in the third Test, with just four runs in the first innings and 31 in the second. Rain ruined the final two Tests, but Commaille was not successful in either of his two single innings in these matches: he failed to reach double figures in the first innings in all five Tests. In the five Tests, he scored 113 runs at an average of 16.14.
Back in South Africa in 1924–25, Commaille switched allegiance from Western Province to Orange Free State and two years later in 1926–27 he made the highest score of his long career, an innings of 186 against Natal in which he shared a second-wicket partnership of 305 with Shunter Coen which remains a Free State first-class record to this day. In the following match, the same pairing hit off the 236 runs needed for victory over Eastern Province to set the record for the first-wicket partnership that also remains unbeaten.
In 1927–28, England toured South Africa. Commaille, just a few months short of his 44th birthday, made 77 and 54 in the first-class match between Orange Free State and the English team (playing as MCC). He followed that with a century in a non-competitive two-day first-class game against Natal and was then picked for the first two Tests of the five-match series. In the first match, he scored 23 and 4 in a game of many low scores – only 12 out of 35 individual innings reached double figures. In the second game, he followed a first innings of 13 with a score of 47 in the second innings, his best in Tests, and he shared an opening partnership of 115 with Herbie Taylor which constituted more than half the South African total of 224. With the South Africans losing both the first two Tests, however, he was dropped from the team for the subsequent matches in which a series draw was obtained, and he did not play Test cricket again.
Commaille continued in first-class cricket for a further three seasons, switching teams to Griqualand West in 1929–30 and finally retiring after a single game in 1930–31.
References
1883 births
1956 deaths
South Africa Test cricketers
South African cricketers
Free State cricketers
Griqualand West cricketers
Western Province cricketers |
Fiona Caroline Graham (16 September 1961 - 26 January 2023) was an Australian anthropologist working as a geisha in Japan. She made her debut as a geisha (trainee) in 2007 in the Asakusa district of Tokyo under the name as a part of her anthropological study, and was working in the Fukagawa district of Tokyo.
Early life
Graham was born in Melbourne, Australia, and first travelled to Japan aged 15 for a student exchange programme, where she attended high school and lived with her host family. She had two siblings.
Academic career
Graham's first degrees, in psychology and teaching, were taken at Keio University. She completed an M.Phil. in 1992 and a D.Phil. 2001 in social anthropology at the University of Oxford, focusing on Japanese corporate culture. She has been a lecturer on geisha studies at Keio and Waseda Universities.
Graham has published three volumes of anthropology.
Inside the Japanese Company (2003) and A Japanese Company in Crisis (2005) are about the large insurance company (given the fictional name "C-Life") that Graham joined upon graduation, and which she later observed, first as a researcher and later as a documentary film maker. The book's main subject is "the uneven erosion of the commitment of [the company's] salary men to an overarching corporate ideology", with Graham concentrating on the cohort who entered the company when she did. The reviewer of both books for the British Journal of Industrial Relations viewed her portrayal favourably, but thought that it "[did] not adequately address wider issues of structure and power relations".
The reviewer for the journal Organization of Inside the Japanese Company was troubled by the uninformativeness about Graham's interviewees and by serious problems with the book's quantitative survey. Nevertheless, he found the book insightful and rewarding.
"C-Life" eventually went under in October 2000, and A Japanese Company in Crisis concentrated on the ways in which individual employees thought and acted in expectation of the hard times ahead. The reviewer again found flaws with the book, but on balance gave it a highly favourable review. The review of the book in Social Science Japan Journal had similar high praise for it.
In Playing at Politics: An Ethnography of the Oxford Union (2005), Graham built on a 2001 documentary (The Oxford Union: Campus of Tradition) that she had made for Japanese television about candidacy for president of the Oxford Union:
The reviewer for the Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute found the book a "witty examination of British political processes" and "[recommended it] to all would-be politicians and their tutors".
Geisha activities
Graham initially entered the geisha profession with the intention of directing a documentary project for the National Geographic Channel; however, upon completing her training (undertaken as part of the documentary's filming), she was given permission to continue working full-time as a geisha, and formally debuted under the name of "Sayuki" in December 2007, though the Asakusa Geisha Association claims that she did not complete required training.
Graham debuted in the Asakusa geisha district of Tokyo, and her training before this lasted for a year; this included lessons on dance, tea ceremony and the . Graham specialised in (the Japanese side-blown flute). , the documentary itself remained unfinished.
After working in Asakusa for four years as a geisha, Graham applied for permission to take over the run by her geisha mother, who was retiring due to ill health; her request was denied on the grounds of her being a foreigner.
In 2011, after being asked to leave the geisha community of Asakusa, Graham left to operate independently (against the Asakusa Geisha Association's regulations), though she continued to work as a geisha within the area, opening a kimono shop in Asakusa in the same year. In 2013, Graham was running an independent in Yanaka, Tokyo, with four apprentices. By 2021, Graham had permanent residency in Japan and was running an in the Fukagawa district of Tokyo with three apprentices. Graham allowed tourists to come and watch the young geisha have their lessons.
Graham travelled internationally to demonstrate the traditional arts employed by geisha, visiting the United Kingdom to perform at the Hyper Japan festival in 2013, Dubai in the same year, and Brazil in 2015.
When the COVID-19 pandemic hit Japan, Graham added online geisha banquets to the 's repertoire of events.
Graham died in January 2023.
Wanaka Gym court case
In December 2010, a New Zealand company owned solely by Graham, The Wanaka Gym Ltd., was fined a total of NZ$64,000 and ordered to pay NZ$9,000 in costs, following a conviction relating to an unsafe building used for tourist accommodation. The building had been declared "dangerous" in June 2008, but continued to house paying residents in the two months after. After the conviction, Graham made a number of unsuccessful appeals, and a final leave to appeal by both Graham and the company was rejected in December 2014 by the Supreme Court of New Zealand.
Books by Graham
Inside the Japanese Company. London: Routledge, 2003. . Hardback , Adobe eReader , ebook .
A Japanese Company in Crisis: Ideology, Strategy and Narrative. RoutledgeCurzon Contemporary Japan series, 1. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2005. .
Playing at Politics: An Ethnography of the Oxford Union. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press, 2005. , , paperback .
Notes
References
External links
Official website (archived 2022 version)
"Geishas 'millennials'", La Vanguardia, 28 May 2017.
Australian anthropologists
Australian expatriates in Japan
Australian women anthropologists
Geishas
Alumni of Oriel College, Oxford
Keio University alumni
1961 births
2023 deaths |
Keban District is a district of Elazığ Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town Keban. Its area is 641 km2, and its population is 6,210 (2021).
Demographics
In 1927, of the population spoke Turkish as their first language, while the remaining spoke Kurdish. Only Muslims resided in the district that year. In 1968, Kurdish-speakers rose to 39%.
Composition
There is 1 municipality in Keban District:
Keban
There are 30 villages in Keban District:
Akçatepe
Akgömlek
Altınkürek
Altıyaka
Aşağıçakmak
Aslankaşı
Bademli
Bahçeli
Bayındır
Beydeğirmeni
Bölükçalı
Büklümlü
Çalık
Çevrekaya
Denizli
Dürümlü
Gökbelen
Göldere
Güneytepe
Kopuzlu
Koyunuşağı
Kurşunkaya
Kuşçu
Nimri
Örenyaka
Sağdıçlar
Taşkesen
Topkıran
Üçpınar
Ulupınar
References
Sources
Districts of Elazığ Province |
Raymond Zarpanelian (born 17 May 1933 in Paris, France; died 29 March 2011 in Paris, France) was an Armenian-French football coach who was last known to have been based at Al-Ansar in Saudi Arabia.
Career
Sierra Leone
In 1993, he was appointed manager of Sierra Leone.
Assisted by Sam Obi Metzger, Zarpanelian guided Sierra Leone to a 0-4 defeat to Ivory Coast and a 0-0 stalemate with Zambia at the 1994 Africa Cup of Nations, causing him to step down as coach and go back to Paris.
Burkina Faso
Working with ASFA Yennenga in early 1997, the Franco-Armenian took charge of ASF Bobo Dioulasso by summer of that year, driving them to a runners-up position in the league and a national cup trophy.
Uganda
Visited Uganda with French journalist Frank Simon to watch the 2000 CECAFA Cup and observe East African football.
Death
Diagnosed with kidney cancer, Zarpanelian died at a hospital in Paris at the age of 78 in 2011 and was buried on the 6th of April. Previously, he was linked with the Central African Republic technical director position. The Raymond Zarpanelian Trophy was launched in 2014 to honor an African-based French football technician each year, with Pascal Janin getting the award for his achievements with Stade Malien.
Personal life
The former Sierra Leone mentor was said to have been a magnanimous person.
References
French football managers
French people of Armenian descent
Expatriate football managers in Burkina Faso
Expatriate football managers in Saudi Arabia
Sportspeople from Paris
Sierra Leone national football team managers
French expatriate football managers
Expatriate football managers in Sierra Leone
Al-Ansar FC (Medina) managers
French expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia
1933 births
2011 deaths
ASF Bobo Dioulasso managers
French Wikipedia Page |
The Slănic is a left tributary of the river Buzău in Romania. It discharges into the Buzău in Săpoca. Its length is and its basin size is . The following villages are situated along the river Slănic, from source to mouth: Terca, Luncile, Lopătari, Săreni, Mânzălești, Beșlii, Sârbești, Vintilă Vodă, Bodinești, Niculești, Podu Muncii, Petrăchești, Dogari, Arbănași, Gura Dimienii, Mărgăriți, Beceni, Valea Părului, Cărpiniștea, Izvoru Dulce, Fulga, Aldeni, Manasia, Căldărușa, Zărneștii de Slănic, Vlădeni, Cernătești and Săpoca.
Tributaries
The following rivers are tributaries to the river Slănic (from source to mouth):
Left: Zăganu, Brebu, Pârâul Sărat, Jghiab, Bisoca, Pecineaga, Câmpulungeanca, Homocioaia, Păru, Hotaru, Izvorul Dulce, Drăghici, Căldărești, Nucu
Right: Mociaru (or Mocearu), Jai Parashar, Vizuina, Ion, Ursu, Coca, Deleni, Jai, Pui, Balaur
References
Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Buzău County |
Assistant commissioner is a rank used in various organizations and may refer to:
Assistant commissioner, an individual who has been given an official charge or authority
Assistant commissioner (police), rank used in police forces
Assistant commissioner (administration), rank used in revenue administrations |
Abyar 'Ali is a town and western suburb of Medina in Al Madinah Province, in western Saudi Arabia.
See also
List of cities and towns in Saudi Arabia
Regions of Saudi Arabia
References
Populated places in Medina Province (Saudi Arabia)
Medina |
Oschersleben () is a town in the Börde district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. The population in 1905 was 13,271, in 2020 about 19,000.
History
On November 23, 994 Oschersleben was first mentioned in a document by the Emperor Otto III. In 1235 it was first referred to as a town. In the 17th century most parts of Oschersleben were destroyed by fires. In 1648 it came under Brandenburg's domination. Oschersleben became a district capital in 1816 and was connected to the railway system in 1843.
In the years prior to World War II Oschersleben expanded due to the AGO Flugzeugwerke aircraft factory that was founded there in 1916 and once again needed numerous workers. This military aircraft factory operated under the differing name of "Apparatebau GmbH Oschersleben" during the years of the Third Reich, to retain the AGO acronym. By 1941, AGO was acting as a prime subcontractor for the production of Kurt Tank's Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighter, which made it a prime target for Western Allied strategic bomber forces, which attacked the town ten times.
During the period of the German Democratic Republic Oschersleben was a center of agriculture in the region. Besides some industrial establishments settled there, for example the still existing manufacturer of pumps as well as sugar refineries, iron foundries, breweries, machine shops, and brick works.
Since 2000, the Motopark Oschersleben race track is used in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters, World Touring Car Championship (WTCC), and other series. In 2005, the circuit was renamed Motorsport Arena Oschersleben because of an insolvency of the investors.
In 1992, a potato processing plant of the company Agrarfrost was built, that produces French fries and potato chips. The plant processes about 140,000 tons of potatoes a year.
In July 2009 Oschersleben merged with the former municipalities Altbrandsleben, Hornhausen and Schermcke. In January 2010 it absorbed Hadmersleben and Peseckendorf.
Geography
Oschersleben is located near the river Bode, 24 miles southwest of Magdeburg in a region called Magdeburger Börde. The river Bode reaches its northernmost point outside the town. Oschersleben is the most important railway station of the Magdeburg–Halberstadt–Thale line.
Divisions
The town Oschersleben consists of Oschersleben proper and the following Ortschaften or municipal divisions:
Alikendorf
Altbrandsleben
Ampfurth
Beckendorf-Neindorf
Groß Germersleben
Hordorf
Hornhausen
Kleinalsleben
Klein Oschersleben
Peseckendorf
Schermcke
Stadt Hadmersleben
Climate
The town lies in the temperate zone and in the rain shadow of the Harz. In this area the long-term annual rainfall average is 489 millimeters (20 inches). Most precipitation here falls in June, averaging around 58 millimeters (2.2 inches). The lowest monthly rainfall in February with 28 mm (1.1 inches).
References
External links
Town
Race Track
Börde (district) |
Andrzej Kowalski (1930 in Sosnowiec – 2004) was a Polish painter and graphics artist. From 1949 to 1955, he attended the Cracow Academy of Fine Arts. He became director of the studio of painting and drawing at the Academy of Fine Arts in Katowice.
References
External links
Akademia Sztuk Pięknych w Katowicach
1930 births
2004 deaths
20th-century Polish painters
20th-century Polish male artists
21st-century Polish painters
21st-century male artists
People from Sosnowiec
Polish male painters |
Makhan Malai () or Malai Makkhan also called 'Malaiyo or Nimish is a sweet snack made from milk cream during the winters. This dessert is prepared in many parts of Uttar Pradesh especially in cities of Kanpur, Varanasi and Lucknow. Another version is available in Delhi as Daulat ki Chaat.
It takes eight hours to prepare the dessert. Preparation starts a day before with cow milk being boiled in a huge cauldron. Then, fresh cream is added and the milk is boiled again and allowed to cool under the sky. This is perhaps the most important step when the milk is exposed to dew and remains in the open for four to five hours. This is the only reason why it cannot be prepared in the summer. The heat will melt the butter. Next, dew-exposed milk is churned for three hours in the morning. Powdered sugar, yellow color, and cardamom powder are added to give it the final flavor.
References
Indian snack foods
Uttar Pradeshi cuisine
Indian desserts
Culture of Lucknow
Culture of Varanasi |
Macromia flavicincta is a species of dragonfly in the family Macromiidae. It is an endemic dragonfly in India.
Description
It is a medium sized dragonfly with emerald-green eyes. Its thorax is dark brown with a blue metallic reflex, marked with citron-yellow. There is a rather broad humeral stripe, an oblique lateral stripe on mesepimeron, and a narrow stripe on the posterior border of metepimeron. Abdomen is black, ringed with citron-yellow. Segment 2 has its basal half yellow. Segments
3 to 6 have the whole space from jugal suture to base of segment yellow. But the extream basal area is reddish-brown, cutting into the yellow annule dorsally. Segment 7 has a broad ring covering more than the basal half. Segment 8 has a similar ring covering rather less than the basal half. Segment 9 has a small baso-lateral transverse spot. Segment 10 is unmarked. Anal appendages are ochreous.
This species can be distinguished from other Macromia by its very broad abdominal yellow annules, entirely yellow labium, and by the black T-shaped mark on the frons.
See also
List of odonates of India
List of odonata of Kerala
References
External links
Macromiidae
Insects described in 1874 |
USCGC Patrol, later AB-38, was a United States Coast Guard patrol boat in commission from 1917 to 1918 and from 1919 to 1940. She was the second vessel of the United States Revenue Cutter Service or U.S. Coast Guard to bear the name Patrol.
Construction and United States Coast Guard service 1917-1918
Patrol was a wooden-hulled vessel built at City Island, New York. She was commissioned as USCGC Patrol on 24 April 1917. She served in New York Harbor.
United States Navy service 1918-1919
The U.S. Navy purchased Patrol from the Coast Guard on 11 April 1918 for service during World War I and commissioned her as the patrol vessel USS Patrol. She spent her Navy career on patrol duties based at New York City.
United States Coast Guard service 1919-1940
The Navy returned Patrol to the Coast Guard on 28 August 1919, and she resumed her duties in New York Harbor as USCGC Patrol. In 1923, she was transferred to Washington, D.C. She returned to New York in the 1930s, was renamed USCGC AB-38 in 1938, and was decommissioned in 1940.
References
United States Coast Guard Historians Office: Patrol, 1917 (AB-28)
Ships of the United States Coast Guard
Ships built in City Island, Bronx |
The Peaks of Otter are three mountain peaks in the Blue Ridge Mountains, overlooking the town of Bedford, Virginia, which lies nine miles (14 km) to the southeast along State Route 43. These peaks are Sharp Top, Flat Top, and Harkening Hill.
The manmade Abbott Lake lies in the valley between the three peaks, behind the Peaks of Otter Lodge and restaurant. The National Park Service preserves the peaks and lake as part of the Blue Ridge Parkway.
Thomas Jefferson once wrote that "the mountains of the Blue Ridge, and of these the Peaks of Otter, are thought to be of a greater height, measured from their base, than any others in our country, and perhaps in North America." Of course this later turned out not to be the case, but not before Virginia had sent stones from the peaks to be its part of the Washington Monument.
History
At milepost marker 86 of the Blue Ridge Parkway stands the Peaks of Otter. Archaeological evidence under Abbott Lake indicates that Native Americans have been visiting the Peaks of Otter for at least 8,000 years for hunting, travel, and rest. European settlers started establishing the area in the mid-1700s. In 1766, Thomas Wood and his family from Pennsylvania settled a homestead on the area; National Park Service documents indicate other early residents included brothers Charles and Robert Ewing, who are asserted by some to have named the Peaks after the Ewing surname as it is pronounced in Scottish Gaelic – Clann Eóghain na h-Oitrich, or "Clan Ewing of Otter." This view may be given credence by similarly Otter-themed place names in Scotland, and the resemblance of Flat Top to Beinn Dorain in the ancestral Ewing area of Argyll and Bute. Other theories for the naming of the Peaks of Otter include the anglicizing of the Cherokee word "Otari" meaning "high places", or the naming of the mountains after the Otter River, which starts nearby and presumably got named for otters downstream.
In 1834, the first local inn was created by Polly Wood, a widow who opened an "Ordinary" in her log cabin where settlers could stay the night and get a warm meal. By the 1870s, Benjamin Wilkes had opened the famous Mons Hotel, and the Peaks of Otter was home to over 20 families, a school, a church, and the hotel. One of the families included the Johnson family, which lived for three generations until the 1930s on the now-preserved Johnson farmstead. By the early 1900s, the Peaks of Otter became a popular local tourist spot and became especially noticed by the National Park Service. Abbott Lake, the lake at the base of the peaks, was man made and created in 1964 along with the official Peaks of Otter Lodge, which still stands today.
Activities
The primary activity at Peaks of Otter is hiking. There are three main peaks: Flat Top, Sharp Top, and Harkening Hill in order from highest peak altitude to lowest peak altitude. Flat Top is the tallest, and Harkening Hill is the smallest. Sharp Top is the most famous hike with its spectacular 360° view at the top. There is also a separate cliff formation on the other side of Sharp Top called Buzzard's Roost, which also has good views. For those who cannot hike 1.5 mile and 1,300 ft elevation gain trail up to the top of Sharp Top, there is a shuttle service that people up to within a 15-minute walk from the top. Combined within the three peaks is a little over 12 miles of hiking and extra attractions along the way. There is a flat, one-mile paved trail around Abbott Lake along with a 1.6-mile-loop trail to a waterfall roughly 2 miles north on the Blue Ridge Parkway. Johnson Farm is a historically restored site along one of the side trails towards Harkening Hill. The house and outbuildings are preserved in their 1930s form along with gardens and a small orchard. Visitors can take free tours of the farmhouse from June–September. From June–October the National Park Service provides various Ranger programs. There is also a small visitor center run by the National Park Service.
Lodging includes the Peaks of Otter Lodge and the Peaks of Otter campground. There is also a large picnic area with outdoor grills.
From atop the peaks, the nearbytown of Bedford can be seen. On the summit of the far side of Sharp Top is the site where a B-25 bomber crashed into the mountain during a training exercise during World War II. The wreckage was never removed, as it was too heavy and the side of the mountain was too steep to retrieve it. There is a small memorial on a rock at the top of the site, but the majority of the plane can still be found along the mountain. A bigger, more recent D-Day Memorial is located in Bedford. You can also visit orchards and vineyards of the descendants of the Johnson and Gross families, who have been living in the area since the late 1800s.
References
External links
Bedford, Virginia
Peaks of Otter Lodge
The Peaks of Otter
The "Peaks of Otter" Story
Peaks of Otter Winery
Five Army Men Die In Crash of B25 Bomber
Protected areas of Bedford County, Virginia
Mountains of Virginia
Protected areas of Botetourt County, Virginia
Blue Ridge Parkway
Landforms of Bedford County, Virginia
Landforms of Botetourt County, Virginia |
Cyril Hume (March 16, 1900 – March 26, 1966) was an American novelist and screenwriter. Hume was a graduate of Yale University, where he edited campus humor magazine The Yale Record. He was an editor of the collection The Yale Record Book of Verse: 1872–1922 (1922).
One year out of college, Hume was a $25-a-week "cub reporter" for the New York World when he wrote his first novel, Wife of the Centaur. It was published by the George H. Doran Company in October 1923 and listed at $2.50 as "A novel of youth and love today so poignant and vivid that it will attract wide attention." On November 22, he sold the motion-picture rights for $25,000, considered a record amount at the time.
Hume wrote for 29 films between 1924 and 1966, including Tarzan the Ape Man (1932), Flying Down to Rio (1933), The Great Gatsby (1949), Tokyo Joe (1949) and Forbidden Planet (1956).
Personal life
Hume was born March 16, 1900, in New Rochelle, New York.
In 1923, Hume was engaged to Jane Barbara Alexander, a published poet. After their marriage, the couple moved from New York to Florence, Italy. Alexander died in 1925 in Florence. The following year, Hume married Charlotte Dickinson. Hume married his third wife, Helen Chandler, in 1930; they were divorced in 1934. Hume's fourth wife was Maxine Gagnon, an actress. They were divorced in 1936. His fifth wife was Dorothy Wallace; they remained together until Hume's death.
Hume died on March 26, 1966, just 10 days after his 66th birthday, at his home in Palos Verdes, California. He was buried in the Whispering Pines section of Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale.
Published books
The Library of Congress catalogs eight books as by Hume (and six film or video items). One 1927 review of Street of the Malcontents and Other Stories notes that he has published three novels, and here "has collected his first book of short stories, five of which are contributions from the European scene."
The Yale Record Book of Verse, 1872–1922, eds. Francis W. Bronson, Thomas Caldecot Chubb, and Hume (Yale University Press, 1922)
Wife of the Centaur (George H. Doran Company, 1923)
Cruel Fellowship (Doran, 1925)
The Golden Dancer (Doran, 1926)
Street of the Malcontents and Other Stories (Doran, 1927) – collection of stories
A Dish for the Gods (Doubleday, Doran, 1929)
Myself and the Young Bowman and Other Fantasies (Doubleday, Doran, 1932) – stories and poems
My Sister, My Bride (Doubleday, Doran, 1932)
Selected filmography
The Wife of the Centaur (1924) – based on Hume's 1923 novel
New Moon (1930)
Trader Horn (1931)
Daybreak (1931)
Tarzan the Ape Man (1932)
Flying Down to Rio (1933)
Affairs of a Gentleman (1934)
Limehouse Blues (1934)
Yellow Dust (1936)
The Devil Is a Sissy (1936)
Tarzan Escapes (1936)
The Jungle Princess (1936)
The Great Gatsby (1949)
Tokyo Joe (1949)
Ransom! (1956)
Forbidden Planet (1956)
The Invisible Boy (1957)
References
External links
1900 births
1966 deaths
American male screenwriters
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
20th-century American novelists
American male novelists
People from Palos Verdes, California
20th-century American male writers
Screenwriters from California
20th-century American screenwriters |
"Angel of Darkness" is the third single by German composer Alex Christensen featuring vocals from Yasmin Knoch, which was released in 2003 by Epic Records. The song was released as a tie in with the video game Tomb Raider: The Angel of Darkness and peaked at number 21 on the German singles chart.
Track listing
Music video
A music video was shot in 2003 and directed by Nikolaj Georgiew and features scenes from the Tomb Raider: Angel of Darkness videogame.
Charts
Release history
References
2003 singles
2003 songs
Epic Records singles
Song recordings produced by Alex Christensen
Songs written by Alex Christensen |
Albert Dutton MacDade (September 23, 1871 – October 4, 1954) was an American politician from Pennsylvania who served as district attorney for Delaware County from 1906 to 1912, as a Republican member of the Pennsylvania State Senate for the 9th Senatorial District from 1921 to 1929 and as Judge in the Pennsylvania Court of Common Pleas for Delaware County from 1942 to 1948.
Early life and education
MacDade was born in Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania, to Joseph Walker and Amie (Hedden) MacDade. He graduated from Chester High School in 1888 and the University of Pennsylvania Law School in 1894.
Career
In 1894, MacDade was accepted to the Delaware County bar. He served as the district attorney of Delaware county from 1906 to 1912 and as a Pennsylvania State Senator from 1920 to 1928.
MacDade was elected judge of the Delaware County Court of Common Pleas from 1942 to 1948 and served as president judge in 1943
Personal life
MacDade married Mabel Troth in 1899 and together they had two children.
MacDade was a member of the First Baptist Church in Chester, Pennsylvania.
MacDade was a member of the American and State Bar Associations, the Pennsylvania National Guard for three years and was a "four-minute man" and chairman of the legal advisory board of Chester, Pennsylvania during World War I. He was a member of the Improved Order of Red Men, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Patriotic Order of the Sons of America, the Loyal Order of Moose and was a thirty-second degree Mason.
He died in Philadelphia on October 4, 1954, and is interred at the Lawn Croft Cemetery in Linwood, Pennsylvania.
Legacy
In 1933, Parker Avenue in Collingdale, Pennsylvania, was renamed MacDade Boulevard in honor of MacDade.
References
1871 births
1954 deaths
20th-century American politicians
American Freemasons
Burials at Lawn Croft Cemetery
Chester High School alumni
County district attorneys in Pennsylvania
Judges of the Pennsylvania Courts of Common Pleas
Pennsylvania lawyers
Pennsylvania National Guard personnel
Republican Party Pennsylvania state senators
People from Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania Law School alumni |
Alessandro Sorrentino (born 3 April 2002) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for club Monza.
Club career
Early career
Sorrentino started playing for Lanciano at six years old as an outfield player; he became a goalkeeper following a friendly match where he was forced to replace the team's missing goalkeeper. Despite Lanciano gaining promotion to the Serie B, they declared bankruptcy in 2016; Sorrentino left the club on a free transfer, and joined Renato Curi Angolana. After one season, he moved to Pescara's youth sector in 2017.
Pescara
Sorrentino was first integrated to the senior team during the 2019–20 Serie B season, during which he also played as the first-choice goalkeeper in the Primavera (under-19) team, that was newly-promoted to the Campionato Primavera 1.
He made his senior debut for Pescara on 15 September 2021, starting a 2–0 Coppa Serie C home win against Grosseto. A month later, Sorrentino made his Serie C debut. He signed his first professional contract in March 2022, effectively replacing Raffaele Di Gennaro as the starting goalkeeper. Sorrentino was a key player for Pescara, playing 29 league games during the 2021–22 season.
Monza
On 13 July 2022, Sorrentino joined newly-promoted Serie A side Monza on a five-year deal, as part of a swap deal involving Daniele Sommariva and Luca Lombardi moving the other way.
International career
Having already represented Italy internationally at under-20 level since March 2022, Sorrentino was called by Italy national team coach Roberto Mancini in May 2022 to a training camp with Italy's most promising youth players as the only player from Serie C.
In June 2022, after having been called up to the U20 team again, Sorrentino was first selected by Paolo Nicolato to the under-21 team.
Career statistics
Club
References
External links
Profile at AC Monza
2002 births
Living people
Sportspeople from the Province of Chieti
Footballers from Abruzzo
Italian men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
SS Virtus Lanciano 1924 players
Delfino Pescara 1936 players
AC Monza players
Serie C players
Italy men's youth international footballers |
Pretoria Chinese School is a school in Wingate Park, Eastern Pretoria, established in 1934.
History
In order to preserve their culture and provide quality education for their children, the Young Chinese Cultural league and the Chinese Community of Pretoria established the Pretoria Chinese School in downtown Pretoria in 1934.
In 1993 the school was relocated to the Eastern Pretoria suburb of Wingate Park, with new school facilities including a laboratory and 27 classrooms.
The relocated school initially offered Grades 1–9, but with each subsequent year expanded their offering such that in 1996 they were able to offer Grades 1–12, thus celebrating their first class of matriculants in 1996.
School life
The school's motto is Labour and Persevere, and the education has a strong focus on discipline. Beyond studies in Chinese language and culture, the school provides a rich array of sport and cultural activities. The PCS follows the Independent Education Board curriculum.
The majority of classes are taught in English, with only the advanced Languages being taught in the respective language, such as Afrikaans, Xhosa or Mandarin.
Facilities include 2 basketball/tennis courts, computer labs, cricket turf, swimming pool, athletics field, and tuckshop.
Cultural activities include visits to the Nan Hua Temple in Bronkhorstspruit, celebrating Chinese New Year, mau pi also known as Chinese calligraphy, the creation of traditional Chinese foods such as dumpling, and engaging in Chinese board games such as Xiangqi, Go (game) and Mahjong.
Notable alumni
Motswedi Modiba, singer-songwriter.
References
External links
School website
Chinese-South African culture
Educational institutions established in 1934
Private schools in Gauteng
Schools in Pretoria
Chinese-language schools
1934 establishments in South Africa |
Korean Chinese cuisine (), also known as Sino–Korean cuisine, is a hybrid cuisine developed by the ethnic Chinese in Korea.
Despite originally being derived from Chinese cuisine, Korean-Chinese cuisine consists of unique dishes with Korean flavors and ingredients, making it a hybrid cuisine.
In South Korea, the food is usually delivered. In other parts of the world, Korean Chinese dishes are typically served in Korean restaurants as well as in Chinese restaurants whose owners are immigrants from Korea or if they are from a Chinese–Korean family.
Characteristics
Korean-Chinese cuisine was first developed during the 19th century in the port city of Incheon, where most of the ethnic Chinese population of Korea lived. Due to geographic proximity and the demographics of the Korean Chinese population, most Korean Chinese dishes are derived from (or influenced by) northern, eastern and northeastern Chinese dishes mostly from Shandong, where the majority of the earlier Chinese immigrants in Korea were from.
Dishes
Three primary Korean-Chinese dishes are served in most Korean Chinese restaurants in South Korea and elsewhere:
Jajangmyeon (), often referred to as the 'black bean noodles,' is a noodle dish topped with a thick sauce made of sweet bean sauce (chunjang), diced pork or seafood, and vegetables. Derived from the Shandong zhájiàngmiàn (), Korean jajangmyeon is distinct from the zhájiàngmiàn dishes served in China.
Jjamppong () is a spicy noodle soup flavored with vegetables, meat or seafood, and chili oil. The dish derived from the Shandong chǎomǎmiàn () and its name derived from chanpon, a Japanese Chinese dish derived from the Fujian mènmiàn (). The addition of chili powder (gochugaru) and chili oil to jjamppong began during the 1960s.
Tangsuyuk () is a Korean version of a sweet and sour meat dish derived from the Cantonese tángcùròu (). It can be made with pork or beef, coated with corn- or potato starch or glutinous rice flour. The dish is served with a sweet-and-sour sauce typically made with soy sauce, vinegar, sugar, corn- or potato starch and fruits and vegetables such as carrots, cucumbers, onions, wood ear mushrooms, apples and pineapples.
Other dishes often served in Korean-Chinese restaurants include:
Jungguk-naengmyeon (; ), literally "Chinese cold noodles", is enjoyed during the summer. Jungguk-naengmyeon is made with junghwa-myeon (Chinese noodles), shredded five-spice marinated beef or pork (五香醬肉), cucumber, crab sticks, jellyfish and a fried egg in a cold chicken broth seasoned with soy sauce and spices. A sauce, mixed with mustard and peanut sauce, gives it a nutty, spicy flavor.
Kkanpunggi (, derived from gàn pēng jī (), fried chicken (with or without bones) glazed with a sweet, spicy sauce
Kkanpung saeu (Korean: 깐풍새우): Deep-fried, breaded sweet-and-sour shrimp, with a mild spiciness distinct from tangsuyuk, tangsu saeu and the stir-fried Kung Pao shrimp (宮寶蝦) served in Chinese restaurants. Kkanpung saeu is served with a sweet sauce, peas, carrots, green onions and red chilli peppers.
Rajogi (, derived from làjiāojī (), similar to the Sichuan laziji, a Chinese chili chicken dish
Udong (), a noodle soup similar to jjamppong but with non-spicy white soup, derived from Sandong-style dǎlǔmiàn (打滷麵) and not related to either Japanese udon or Korean-style udon (also called udong in Korean) despite the name. In Korean, udong refers to several types of noodle dishes (typically noodle soups) and thus the term used here is non-specific and not exclusive to Korean Chinese cuisine.
Ulmyeon (Korean: 울면), similar to udon, consists of wheat-flour noodles, chopped vegetables and seafood in a chowder-like broth thickened with cornstarch. It is derived from a Chinese dish, wēnlŭmiàn ().
Dumplings are also served at Korean-Chinese restaurants, usually a pan-fried cross between Chinese jiaozi and Korean mandu. Dried red-chili flakes are provided to season food or mixed with soy sauce.
Koreans traditionally eat Chinese food with a side dish of danmuji (yellow pickled radishes) and raw onion dipped in unfried chunjang. Kimchi, a Korean staple, is also eaten with Chinese food.
Hotteok is a Korean-Chinese food item that is now commonly sold as a street food.
Gallery
See also
Chinese people in Korea
South Korea-Taiwan relations
American Chinese cuisine
Japanese Chinese cuisine
References
Chinese diaspora in Asia |
WIV or wiv may refer to:
WIV, the National Rail station code for Wivenhoe railway station, Colchester, England
Wuhan Institute of Virology
Vitu language, Papua New Guinea |
was a village located in Kanzaki District, Saga Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 6,507 and a population density of 196.65 persons per km2. The total area was 33.09 km2.
On March 1, 2006, Higashisefuri, along with the town of Mitagawa (also from Kanzaki District), was merged to create the town of Yoshinogari.
Dissolved municipalities of Saga Prefecture |
The Masyumi Party or generally known as the Masyumi Reborn Party is an Islamist extremist political party founded in Indonesia on November 7, 2020. The party was founded by Ahmad Yani, leader of the Action for Rescuing Indonesia Coalition. While the party claimed to be a spiritual successor of the original Masyumi Party which was disbanded in 1960 due to its involvement in PRRI rebellion, the party has a much stronger Islamic fundamentalist basis, due to being powered by Indonesian Islamist activists from the 212 Movement.
History
On September 7, 2019, the Investigating Committee for Foundation of Islamic Ideological Parties/Preparatory Committee for Foundation of Islamic Ideological Parties (, BPU-PPPII/P4II) was founded by various Indonesian Islamist reactionary groups. The group claimed to revive the Masyumi Party which was disbanded in 1960 due to their involvement with the PRRI rebellion and tried to revive the party with the name "Masyumi 1945". However, in the middle of the process, elements of the Action for Rescuing Indonesia Coalition entered the group and unilaterally hijacked the process. This lead into a breakdown of the preparatory group and led into the formation of the Masyumi Reborn Party. A number of members of the preparatory group later founded the Indonesian People's Da'wah Party.
Ideological and political stances
The Masyumi Reborn Party adheres to an Islamist agenda.
The party has been influenced by Islamism and anti-capitalism. The party openly forbade their cadres to express happiness, even only clapping and expressing gratitude or congratulations, claiming that those acts "resemble Jewish" practices and must avoid conventional banking or taking/getting financial interests from them, seeing them as a form of usury.
The party also advocates jihadism, but not terrorism and further denounces the misuse of Jihad in committing terrorism. However, the party claimed that Indonesian terrorist acts all possibly are set-up, "highly political in nature", and "looks like an attempt to weaken the opposition", showing the party siding to an Islamic right-wing populist narrative. The party advocates for the repeal of Omnibus Law on Job Creation, agrarian reform, social equity, and other advocations similar to left-wing groups in Indonesia. Such syncretization has confused Indonesian political experts on how to eventually classify the alignment of the party.
The party advocates implementation of sharia as the basis of law in Indonesia.
Receptions
The party formation was congratulated by a like-minded party in the People's Representative Council, the Prosperous Justice Party. The party hoped that Masyumi Reborn will power the opposition to Joko Widodo and sought a way to ally with them.
The centrist Islamist parties such as United Development Party, Crescent Star Party, National Mandate Party, and National Awakening Party underestimate the party electability, due to its "extreme" ideologies and very narrow electors segmentation.
Secular parties like Golkar and PDI-P also congratulated the party formation. The Golkar party also advised that the party must move on and not "rest in past laurels" of old days and must innovate to gain popular support, not use a religious narrative and religious populism for party gain.
Political scientists raised warning in the appearance of Masyumi Reborn due to the party ideology not following the official state ideology of Pancasila and the party's use of Islamism. Adi Prayitno, a political scientist from UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, warned that the party not adhering to the Pancasila state ideology at least in part will cause a clash with Indonesian nationalist parties and groups. Aidil Haris of the Muhammadiyah University of Riau said that the party must focus on specific issues.
References
2020 establishments in Indonesia
Political parties established in 2020
Far-right politics in Asia
Islamism in Indonesia
Pan-Islamism
Right-wing anti-capitalism
Right-wing antisemitism |
Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye may refer to:
Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye (1977 film), a Hindi musical drama film
Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye (2021 film), a Bhojpuri-language romantic drama film |
Benjamin Hallowell (August 17, 1799 – September 7, 1877) was the first president of the Maryland Agricultural College.
Early life
Benjamin Hallowell was born in 1799. He went to school at the Westtown Boarding School.
Personal life
Hallowell met his wife Margaret, the sister of William Henry Farquhar, at Westtown School. They married around 1820 and she died in 1876. Together, they had three children:
Henry C. Hallowell
Caroline Hallowell Miller, wife of Francis Miller
Benjamin Hallowell
He was friends with Henry Clay.
Career
In November 1819, he started his first official teaching position at Fair Hill Boarding School in Montgomery County, Maryland. In 1824, Hallowell opened a boarding school in Alexandria, Virginia, where his nephew Arthur Briggs Farquhar would later attend. His most famous student was Robert E. Lee who studied at the school for a month before entering West Point.
Hallowell was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1854.
On October 4, 1859 Hallowell was appointed as the first president of the Maryland Agricultural College. He would only accept the appointment on condition that the College not use slaves and he would not accept a salary. He helped to develop the College's curriculum, which included Ancient Languages, Modern Languages, Natural Sciences, English, and Mathematics. After one month of serving as the president, he resigned due to illness.
Death
Hallowell was buried at the Sandy Spring Friends Meetinghouse cemetery.
References
1799 births
1877 deaths
Hallowell family
People from Cheltenham, Pennsylvania
Presidents of the University of Maryland, College Park
Westtown School alumni |
Fishing Blues is the eighth studio album by American hip hop group Atmosphere. It was released via Rhymesayers Entertainment on August 12, 2016.
Critical reception
At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, Fishing Blues received an average score of 71% based on 6 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
Track listing
Charts
References
External links
2016 albums
Atmosphere (music group) albums
Rhymesayers Entertainment albums |
Vítor "Vitó" Emanuel Araújo Ferreira (born 18 September 1997) is a Portuguese footballer who plays for Estrela da Amadora, as a midfielder.
Football career
On 21 January 2015, Vitó made his professional debut with Rio Ave in a 2014–15 Taça da Liga match against Académica.
References
External links
1997 births
Footballers from Barcelos, Portugal
Living people
Portuguese men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Rio Ave F.C. players
S.C. Covilhã players
Casa Pia A.C. players
C.F. Estrela da Amadora players
Primeira Liga players
Liga Portugal 2 players |
Douglas James Noel Wanstall (22 November 1899 - 5 October 1974) was an English Anglican priest who was the Archdeacon of Malta in the Church of England Diocese in Europe from 1964 to 1971.
Wanstall was educated at Keble College, Oxford, and Ely Theological College. He was ordained in 1927 and, after a curacy at St Philip's Kensington, he became a chaplain in the Royal Navy. He was later the chaplain of All Saints' Church, Rome, before his appointment as an archdeacon.
References
Alumni of Ely Theological College
Alumni of Keble College, Oxford
Archdeacons of Malta
20th-century Maltese Anglican priests
Royal Navy chaplains
1899 births
1974 deaths |
Leezen is a municipality in the district of Segeberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approximately 40 km northeast of Hamburg, and 9 km southwest of Bad Segeberg.
Leezen is the seat of the Amt ("collective municipality") Leezen.
References
Segeberg |
Tomasz Łapiński (born 1 August 1969 in Łapy) is a retired Polish football player.
Career
He made 36 appearances for the Poland national team.
Łapiński was a participant at the 1992 Summer Olympics, where Poland won the silver medal.
References
External links
1969 births
Living people
People from Łapy
Polish men's footballers
Olympic footballers for Poland
Olympic silver medalists for Poland
Legia Warsaw players
Widzew Łódź players
Footballers at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Ekstraklasa players
Olympic medalists in football
Footballers from Podlaskie Voivodeship
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Men's association football defenders
Poland men's international footballers |
Haskins is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alice Haskins (1880–1971), American botanist
Billy Jack Haskins, American football player
Caryl Parker Haskins (1908–2001), American scientist
Charles Haskins (disambiguation), multiple people
Christopher Haskins (born 1937), Irish businessman
Clem Haskins (born 1943), American basketball player and coach
Dennis Haskins (born 1950), American actor
Django Haskins (born 1973), American singer-songwriter
Don Haskins (1930–2008), American basketball coach
Dwayne Haskins (1997–2022), American football player
Dylan Haskins (born 1987), Irish broadcaster
Francine Haskins (born 1947), American illustrator
Fuzzy Haskins (1941–2023), American singer
George Haskins (1915–1991), American legal scholar
Gloria Arias Haskins (born 1956), American politician
Hal Haskins (1924–2003), American basketball player
Hassan Haskins (born 1999), American football player
Hester Jane Haskins (??–1875), American madam
James G. Haskins (1914-1990), politician from Botswana
James Haskins (1941–2005), American author
Jonas Haskins, American bass player
Kevin Haskins (born 1960), English drummer
Kittredge Haskins (1836–1916), American politician
Lee Haskins (born 1983), British boxer
Lola Haskins (born 1943), American poet
Mark Haskins (born 1988), English wrestler
Mark Haskins (soccer) (born 1981), South African footballer
Michael D. Haskins (born 1942), American admiral
Minnie Louise Haskins (1875–1957), British poet
Reginald Haskins (1916–1999), Canadian mycologist
Ron Haskins, American political scientist
Sam Haskins (1926–2009), South African photographer
Sarah Haskins (disambiguation), multiple people
Steve Haskins (born 1958), American golfer
Terry Haskins (1955–2000), American politician
Thomas Haskins (born 1973), American football player
Todd Haskins (born 1972), American soccer player
Tyler Haskins (born 1986), American ice hockey player
See also
Haskin (surname)
Hoskins, surname |
The Third Saturday in October is the Alabama–Tennessee football rivalry, an American college football rivalry game played annually by the Crimson Tide of the University of Alabama and the Volunteers of the University of Tennessee. The respective campuses are located approximately apart. It is known as the Third Saturday in October because the game was traditionally played at such date prior to the 1992 football season, when the Southeastern Conference (SEC) split into its East and West divisions. From 1995 to 2015, it was only scheduled for that date six times, though it was again scheduled for that date from 2016 through 2019 and in 2022 and 2023. Alabama leads the series 59–39–7. At 39 wins, Tennessee has more victories over Alabama than any other program in college football.
Series history
The first game was played in 1901 in Birmingham, a 6–6 tie. From 1903 to 1913, Alabama dominated the series, only losing once and never allowing a touchdown by the Volunteers
Beginning in 1928, the rivalry was scheduled on its "traditional" date. Robert Neyland, Tennessee's coach and namesake of the present Tennessee stadium, began challenging Alabama for their perennial spot on top of the conference standings. It was officially given the name Third Saturday in October 1939. Both Robert Neyland and Bear Bryant made the rivalry heated during their tenure at Tennessee and Alabama.
The Alabama–Tennessee game has been played in three locations: Birmingham, Alabama; Knoxville, Tennessee; and Tuscaloosa, Alabama. In the first four (1901–1908) meetings, the game was held in Birmingham, Alabama. In 1909, the home and home series began, though most of Alabama's home games against Tennessee were played in Birmingham. The teams did play in Tuscaloosa a few times through 1930. The game was not played in Tuscaloosa from 1930 until 1999. Alabama leads the series in all three venues: for games contested in Birmingham, 21–14–6; in Knoxville, 27–21–1; and in Tuscaloosa, 11–4.
Alabama and Tennessee both have 12 shutouts in the series.
Victory cigars
In the 1950s, Jim Goostree, the head athletic trainer for Alabama, began another tradition as he began handing out cigars following a victory over the Volunteers. Both teams continued the tradition for some time, though kept it secret due to NCAA rules concerning extra benefits and tobacco products. Alabama publicly restarted the tradition in 2005, though as a result, self-reported an NCAA violation. Every year since 2007, the winner of the Alabama–Tennessee game knowingly violates the NCAA rule and reports the violation in honor of tradition.
Streaks
The Alabama–Tennessee rivalry has been known for streaks. In the first major streak of the series, Bama won seven straight over the Vols from 1905 to 1913 (the two teams did not play in 1910 and 1911), outscoring the Vols 112–0 in the process.
Alabama had the longest winning streak of the series, extending 15 games from 2007 to 2021, until October 15, 2022 when Tennessee defeated Alabama 52–49, the first time Tennessee defeated Nick Saban. An eleven-game Alabama streak (1971–1981) was broken in 1982 when Johnny Majors led the Vols to an upset victory over Bear Bryant and the Tide.
Alabama had a nine-game unbeaten streak from 1986 to 1994, including a tie in 1993 which was later forfeited due to NCAA sanctions. The streak was broken by Tennessee in 1995 when the Vols beat the Tide 41–14. Tennessee began their own seven game win streak that night, which was broken when Alabama defeated the Vols 34–14 in 2002. To date, Alabama maintains the longest streak of victories over Tennessee at fifteen.
Game results
Rankings are from the AP Poll
Notable games
1901: 1901 was the first meeting between the two teams. It ended early in a 6–6 tie, when fans rushed onto the field after a controversial offside call and the umpires were unable to clear out the crowd in the second half. In the game, J. L. Broug scored for Tennessee and A. W. Stewart scored for Alabama.
1909 Tennessee fans chased referee R. T. Elgin away from the stadium. Elgin jumped aboard a moving streetcar.
1939: In 1939, #5 Tennessee defeated Alabama 21–0. At this time, the Alabama–Tennessee rivalry was officially designated as Third Saturday in October.
1950: Alabama had a 3–0 first quarter lead with his 20-yard field goal. Tennessee responded with a two-yard Andy Kozar touchdown run in the second quarter to give the Vols a 7–3 halftime lead. After a 43-yard Bobby Marlow touchdown run in the third gave Alabama a 9–7 lead, Kozar scored the game-winning touchdown on a fourth-and-one play, from the Alabama one-yard line, with less than one minute remaining in the game for a 14–9 Tennessee victory.
1964: In 1964, David Ray gave the Crimson Tide an early 3–0 lead after he connected on a 30-yard field goal in the first quarter. Alabama then extended their lead to 16–0 at halftime with a pair of second-quarter touchdowns. The first came on a one-yard Steve Sloan run and the second after Wayne Cook blocked a Tennessee punt that Gaylon McCollough returned 22-yards for a touchdown. The Volunteers cut the Tide's lead in half to 16–8 with a seven-yard Hal Wantland touchdown run and two-point conversion in the third quarter. A 23-yard Ray field goal in the fourth quarter provided for the final 19–8 Alabama victory.
1965: In a game that saw multiple turnovers result in failed touchdown opportunities, Alabama tied Tennessee 7–7 at Legion Field. After a scoreless first quarter, both teams scored their only touchdown in the second. Stan Mitchell scored first for the Vols on a one-yard run and Steve Sloan followed for Alabama with his one-yard run. The Crimson Tide had a chance to win the game in the final minute of the game. With only 0:36 remaining in the game, Alabama had possession at the Tennessee six-yard line. However, Alabama quarterback Ken Stabler thought the Tide gained a first down on the previous play and threw the ball out-of-bounds on a fourth down play and turned the ball over on downs back to the Vols. Tennessee then ran out the clock for the tie.
1966: A week following Alabama's win over Clemson, Alabama regained the No. 3 position in the AP Poll prior to the game against Tennessee. At a rain-soaked Neyland Stadium, Alabama overcame a 10–0 fourth quarter deficit and defeated the Vols 11–10 and preserved their perfect record. Tennessee scored all of their points in the first quarter. The first points came on a six-yard Dewey Warren touchdown pass to Austin Denney and next on a 40-yard Gary Wright field goal for a 10–0 lead. Still up by 10, the Crimson Tide made their comeback in the fourth quarter. Ken Stabler scored on a one-yard touchdown run and then successfully converted the two-point conversion on a short pass to Wayne Cook that made the score 10–8. With 3:23 left in the game, Steve Davis kicked the 17-yard, game-winning field goal that made the score 11–10. The Volunteers did manage to set up a 19-yard field goal attempt that went wide in the final 0:20 of the contest. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Tennessee to 23–19–7.
1967: In 1967, both Alabama and Tennessee were ranked in top ten. The game started with Walter Chadwick scored on a one-yard touchdown run for the Vols, Alabama responded with an eight-yard touchdown that tied the game 7–7 at the end of the first quarter. The score remained tied at the half after a scoreless second quarter.
Tennessee then took a 17–7 lead in the third quarter on an 11-yard Chadwick touchdown pass to Ken DeLong and a 47-yard Karl Kremser field goal. Alabama responded with their final points early in the fourth quarter on a one-yard Ed Morgan touchdown run, but a pass was later intercepted by Albert Dorsey and returned 31-yards for a touchdown and a 24–13 Vols victory. The Tennessee win was also their first over the Crimson Tide since the 1960 season.
1968: In 1968, coach Bryant decide to go for the victory instead of a tie in the final minutes of the game, and after the failed two-point conversion the Volunteers held onto a 10–9 victory at Knoxville. Tennessee took an early 7–0 lead in the first quarter after Richmond Flowers scored on a one-yard touchdown run. Alabama responded later in the quarter with a 28-yard Mike Dean field goal that made the score 7–3. The score remained the same through the fourth quarter when Karl Kremser kicked what was then a SEC record 54-yard field goal that extended the Volunteers lead to 10–3.
After the Tennessee field goal, the Crimson Tide had their most sustained drive of the game. The 80-yard drive culminated in a four-yard Donnie Sutton touchdown reception from Scott Hunter that made the score 10–9. However, instead of playing for the tie and kicking the extra point, coach Bryant elected to go for the win on a two-point conversion. On the attempt, Joe Kelley failed to complete the pass to Sutton and Tennessee won the game as a result 10–9.
1972: After a scoreless first quarter, the Crimson Tide took a 3–0 lead into halftime after Bill Davis connected on a 31-yard field goal in the second. Tennessee then took a 7–3 lead on a two-yard Condredge Holloway touchdown run in the third, and extended it to 10–3 with a 36-yard Ricky Townsend field goal in the fourth quarter.
With 2:39 left in the game, Alabama took possession at the Vols 48-yard line, and three plays later Wilbur Jackson scored on a two-yard run. On the Tennessee possession that ensued, John Mitchell recovered a Holloway fumble at the Vols' 17-yard line. On the next play, Terry Davis gave Alabama a 17–10 lead with his touchdown run with just over one minute left in the game. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Tennessee to 25–23–7.
1982: Bear Bryant makes his final trip to Neyland Stadium. #2 Alabama's 11-game win streak over the Vols comes to an end 35–28 as UT coach Johnny Majors is carried to mid-field in celebration to shake Bryant's hand one last time. At the time, the largest crowd in NCAA football history witnessed this game, partly due to the World's Fair being in Knoxville in 1982.
1989: In 1989, both teams entered the game undefeated and ranked in the top ten. #10 Alabama defeated #6 Tennessee in an offensive shootout, 47–30.
1990: 2–3 Alabama traveled to Knoxville to face undefeated, #3 Tennessee. The score was tied at 6–6 with 1:35 remaining when UT kicker Greg Harris' 50 yard field goal attempt was blocked by Alabama's Stacy Harrison. The ball bounced all the way to the Tennessee 37 yard line, setting up a field goal attempt for Alabama kicker Philip Doyle 3 plays later. Doyle converted the 48 yard attempt as time expired, giving Alabama a stunning 9–6 upset victory, considered by some the biggest upset in series history.
1993: 5–1, #10 Tennessee led #2, defending national champion Alabama at Legion Field 17–9 with 1:44 remaining. Alabama quarterback Jay Barker then led an 83-yard touchdown drive to close the gap to 17–15 before star wide receiver David Palmer ran in a two-point conversion to tie the game at 17 with only 21 seconds remaining. Tennessee elected to run out the clock, preserving the 17–17 tie - the last tie in Alabama football history — and ending Alabama's 28 game winning streak. Alabama later had to forfeit this game and it is officially considered a Tennessee win.
1995: Having not defeated Alabama since 1985, #6 Tennessee and sophomore quarterback Peyton Manning defeated #10 Alabama in a rout. Unlike past contests, this game was dominated by the Volunteers from the beginning — Peyton Manning threw an 80 yard touchdown pass to Joey Kent on the very first play of the game.
1998: The Vols continue their unexpected and undefeated march to Tempe and the national championship by defeating Alabama 35–18 in Knoxville. Tennessee extend their streak to four in the row against Alabama.
2002: #19 Alabama, banned from postseason play due to NCAA probation, defeated #16 Tennessee 34–14 in Knoxville, ending Tennessee's seven-game winning streak - their longest streak in series history.
2003: #22 Tennessee, fighting to stay alive in the SEC East, traveled to Tuscaloosa to take on the unranked Crimson Tide. The two teams went to an unprecedented five overtime periods before Tennessee finally breaks the ice in the fifth overtime scoring a touchdown and the mandatory two-point conversion. Alabama would fail to answer the touchdown and Tennessee left Tuscaloosa victorious with a 51–43 win in the longest game in either team's history.
2005: Tennessee returned to Tuscaloosa ranked 17th after a disappointing 3–2 start following their preseason #2 ranking. Alabama came in ranked #5 and undefeated, their highest ranking entering the game since 1993. A defensive struggle ensued, with neither team able to find the endzone. With the score tied at 3–3, Tennessee appeared ready to score the game's first touchdown with 5:08 remaining. Running back Cory Anderson caught a swing pass and reached the two yard line before Alabama's Roman Harper knocked the ball loose and through the endzone for a touchback. Alabama quarterback Brodie Croyle then drove the Tide down into field goal range where Jamie Christensen kicked the game-winning field goal with 13 seconds left to give the Crimson Tide a 6–3 win and keep their undefeated season alive.
2009: Despite #1 Alabama entering the game as a 14-point favorite, the Crimson Tide struggled with the Volunteers, holding only a slim 12–3 lead late in the fourth quarter. With Alabama attempting to kill the clock, eventual Heisman Trophy winner Mark Ingram II fumbled for the first time in 296 carries, giving Tennessee the ball in Alabama territory. Tennessee scored the first touchdown of the game eight plays later, making the score 12–10. Tennessee then recovered an onside kick at their own 41 yard line, needing only a field goal to pull off the upset. After reaching the Alabama 28 yard line, Tennessee attempted a would-be game-winning field goal of 43 yards. Alabama's standout defensive lineman, Terrence Cody, blocked the low line-drive kick, his second blocked field goal of the quarter, preserving the 12–10 Alabama victory en route to an eventual National Championship.
2015: Tennessee came to Tuscaloosa immediately after a big win against rival Georgia and hoped to get another upset, while Alabama was focused on keeping its College Football Playoff hopes alive. At half time, the game was tied 7–7. Alabama kicked two field goals in the second half, giving them a 13–7 lead in the 4th quarter. With 5:49 left on the clock, Tennessee running back Jalen Hurd scored a touchdown to give the Vols a late 14–13 lead. Alabama responded with a lengthy drive capped off by a 14-yard touchdown run by eventual Heisman Trophy winner Derrick Henry. Alabama attempted a two-point conversion to stretch the lead to a touchdown, but failed, leaving the score at 19–14. On the ensuing drive, Tennessee quarterback Joshua Dobbs was sacked by linebacker Ryan Anderson, leading to a fumble recovered by A'Shawn Robinson. The Crimson Tide then killed the clock, preserving a narrow 19–14 victory and extending their winning streak in the series to 9 games. Alabama would eventually win the College Football Playoff national championship that season.
2022: The two teams entered the game undefeated for the first time since 1989. #6 Tennessee jumped out to an early 28–10 lead before Alabama quarterback Bryce Young brought the #3 Tide back to take the lead in the third quarter. The teams traded touchdowns up to the final minute, leaving the score tied 49–49. Alabama had the ball at Tennessee's 32-yard line with under a minute remaining, where Tennessee forced three straight incompletions. Alabama missed a field goal with 15 seconds remaining, and Tennessee quarterback Hendon Hooker was able to get the Vols in range for a game winning field goal as time expired. Tennessee kicker Chase McGrath converted the 40-yard attempt, breaking Tennessee's 15-year losing streak to Alabama. Tennessee fans at Neyland Stadium stormed the field and tore the goalposts down in celebration. Tennessee receiver Jalin Hyatt had an incredible performance, catching five touchdowns out of his six catches and having 207 total receiving yards.
Rivalry ties
Both football programs share very notable people. Bill Battle, Alabama's athletic director from 2013–17, was the head coach of Tennessee from 1970–76 and played on the Crimson Tide's 1961 national championship squad.
Former Tennessee athletic director from 2011–17 Dave Hart played basketball for the Crimson Tide under head coach C. M. Newton and earned a master's degree from University of Alabama in 1972 while working as a graduate assistant men's basketball coach. During his time at Alabama, he worked as executive director of athletics.
Lane Kiffin, Alabama's offensive coordinator from 2014–16, was head coach at Tennessee in 2009.
Jeremy Pruitt, Alabama's defensive coordinator from 2016–17, was the head coach at Tennessee from 2018 to 2020.
Butch Jones, former Tennessee head coach from 2013–17, was an analyst for the Alabama Crimson Tide from 2018 to 2020.
See also
List of NCAA college football rivalry games
List of most-played college football series in NCAA Division I
References
Further reading
College football rivalries in the United States
Alabama Crimson Tide football
Tennessee Volunteers football
October sporting events
Saturday events |
Virginia S. Harris is a teacher and practitioner of The First Church of Christ, Scientist. She previously served as Publisher of The Writings of Mary Baker Eddy, President and founding Trustee of The Mary Baker Eddy Library, and member and Chairman of The Christian Science Board of Directors between 1990 and 2004.
Biography
In her early career, Harris worked as a schoolteacher, television host, businesswoman, and child abuse prevention activist. Harris was involved in a near-fatal car crash, and attributed her recovery to Christian Science. In 1979, she became a practitioner listed in The Christian Science Journal, and in 1982 became a teacher of Christian Science.
Harris became Clerk of The Mother Church in March of 1986. She traveled to East Germany in mid-April 1989 with Jill Gooding, a member of the Board of Directors, to support the Christian Science community in the country. Christian Science had been illegal in Communist controlled East Germany since March of 1951, but Gooding and Harris helped support a reversal of the ban in November of 1989, a week before the fall of the Berlin Wall. When Gooding retired from the Board in 1990, Harris replaced her there, then becoming Board Chair the next year, and serving on the Board in that position until 2004.
While on the Board, Harris took steps to modernize the church and address some of the issues that troubled it. In 2002, Harris was instrumental in the establishment of The Mary Baker Eddy Library and opening the archival collection of The Mother Church, including its large collection of 19th and early 20th century letters and artifacts, to scholars and the public for the first time.
Harris has spoken extensively on Christian Science and Mary Baker Eddy, and has encouraged cooperation with medical researchers. She was on the faculty of Harvard Medical School's semi-annual Spirituality & Healing in Medicine symposium from 1995–2002, speaking on Christian Science healing to hundreds of physicians, nurses, healthcare professionals, and clergy. She appeared in two exclusive interviews on Larry King Live, in 1999 and 2001, and has been interviewed by The Boston Globe, The New York Times, The Los Angeles Times, NPR and many other media sources.
References
External links
link to Virginia Harris's talk at Harvard Medical School symposium, Spirituality & Healing in Medicine at this page
Transcript of her interview with Larry King
Christian Science Monitor
Virginia Harris website
American Christian Scientists
Harvard Medical School faculty |
The Pug Awards were a Toronto architecture award that rated buildings based on popular votes, awarded annually from 2004 to 2014. Each spring, the Pug Awards website listed all buildings completed the previous year in Toronto that either had more than 50,000 feet of floor space or were deemed noteworthy by the Pug Awards Advisory Board and Executive Committee, with voters able to “Love”, “Like” or “Hate” new developments. In 2009, buildings outside the Old City of Toronto (including North York and Etobicoke) became eligible for awards. The awards were created in 2004 by Gary Berman and Anna Simone . They were originally named the "Fugly Awards" and highlighted the ugliest buildings completed, but the name was then softened to the Puglies, and finally to the Pugs, with a Pug dog as the mascot. In 2008 the awards introduced the "Pug Cup," which was carved each year with the winning building and displayed at City Hall.
2014 awards
Best residential: River City
Best commercial/institutional: Bridgepoint Active Healthcare
Paul Oberman Award commercial/institutional: Bridgepoint Active Healthcare
2013 awards
Best residential: 500 Wellington West
Best commercial/institutional: 11 Division, Toronto Police Services
Paul Oberman Award commercial/institutional: 11 Division, Toronto Police Services
Worst residential: Palais at Port Royal Place
Worst commercial/institutional: Trump International Hotel & Tower
2012 awards
Best residential: 83 Redpath
Best commercial/institutional: The Centre for Green Cities, Evergreen Brick Works
Paul Oberman Award commercial/institutional: The Shops of Summerhill
Worst residential: Pearl Condominium
Worst commercial/institutional: Toronto Rehab University Centre, Patient Care & Research Tower
2011 awards
Best residential: Seventy5 Portland
Best commercial/institutional: Bell Lightbox
Paul Oberman Award commercial/institutional: Bloor/Gladstone Library
Paul Oberman Award residential: The Printing Factory Lofts
Worst residential: Eleven Christie
Worst commercial/institutional: Scarborough Gospel Temple
2010 awards
Best residential: 60 Richmond East Housing Co-Operative
Best commercial/institutional: Telus Centre at The Royal Conservatory of Music
Worst residential: Grande Triomphe – Phase II
Worst commercial/institutional: Shops at Don Mills
2009 awards
Best residential: One Saint Thomas - Robert A.M. Stern
Best commercial/institutional: Art Gallery of Ontario - Frank Gehry
Worst residential: Hampton Plaza
Worst commercial/institutional: Mount Sinai Hospital Joseph & Wolf Lebovic Centre
2008 awards
Best residential: Argyle Authentic Lofts
Best commercial/institutional: Hazelton Hotel
Worst residential: 76 Shuter
Worst commercial/institutional: Marriott Residence Inn
2007 awards
Best residential: One King West
Best commercial/institutional: Gardiner Museum
Worst residential: Be Bloor Condominium
Worst commercial/institutional: Ryerson School of Business
2006 awards
Best residential: 18 Yorkville
Best commercial/institutional: National Ballet School of Canada
Worst residential: Glenlake
Worst commercial/institutional: Cosmopolitan Hotel
2005 awards
Best residential: Waterclub I
Best commercial/institutional: Toronto Police Service's 51 Division
Worst residential: Wellington Square
Worst commercial/institutional: Queen Elizabeth Centre (Toronto Rehab)
See also
Architecture of Toronto
External links
Official site
References
Goldberg, Brianna."Low-rise lofts triumph at annual Pug Awards." National Post. Don Mills, Ont.: Jun 5, 2008. pg. A.15
Ouellette, Robert. "How the Pug Awards saved Toronto." National Post. Don Mills, Ont.: May 2, 2008. pg. A.10
Hume, Christopher. "So T.O. who's the Pugliest of them all?" Toronto Star. Toronto, Ont.: Jun 7, 2006. pg. B.04
Architecture awards
Culture of Toronto |
Capital punishment in Georgia may refer to:
Capital punishment in Georgia (country)
Capital punishment in Georgia (U.S. state) |
Hautes-Duyes (; ) is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department
References
Communes of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
Alpes-de-Haute-Provence communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
The Great Appalachian Valley, also called The Great Valley or Great Valley Region, is one of the major landform features of eastern North America. It is a gigantic trough, including a chain of valley lowlands, and the central feature of the Appalachian Mountains system. The trough stretches about from Quebec in the north to Alabama in the south and has been an important north–south route of travel since prehistoric times.
Geography
The Great Valley marks the eastern edge of the Ridge and Valley physiographic province. There are many regional names of the Great Valley, such as the Shenandoah Valley. From a large perspective the Great Valley can be divided into a northern section and a southern section.
Northern section
In its northern section, the Great Valley includes the Champlain Valley around Lake Champlain and the upper Richelieu River that drains it into the Saint Lawrence, the Hudson River Valley, Newburgh Valley, and Wallkill Valley, and the Kittatinny Valley, Upper Delaware River Valley, Lebanon Valley, and Cumberland Valley.
A series of mountains bounds the northern half of the Great Valley on both sides. To the east or coastward side, these include, from north to south, the Green Mountains of Vermont, the Taconic Mountains of Vermont, New York, Massachusetts, and Connecticut, the Reading Prong, which includes the New York–New Jersey Highlands, also known as the Hudson Highlands, Schunemunk Mountain, and Ramapo Mountains, and South Mountain in Pennsylvania beyond Harrisburg. There is a wide gap between the Reading Prong and South Mountain at Harrisburg, through which the Susquehanna River passes, connecting the Great Valley with the Piedmont region of southeast Pennsylvania. This gap is often considered the dividing point between the northern and southern sections of the Great Valley.
To the west or continental side, a series of more impenetrable mountain regions border the northern Great Valley. The northernmost is the Adirondack Mountains, a southern extension of the Canadian Shield, which reach the valley along the shores of Lake Champlain and Lake George. To their south, beyond the Mohawk Valley and Albany, New York, the Catskill Mountains, which form the northeastern terminus of the Allegheny Plateau, border the valley in form of the dramatic Catskill Escarpment, which overlooks the middle reaches of the Hudson River and Hudson Valley. Just south of the Catskills, the first folds of the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians border the valley, in the form of a continuous ridge (heading south) and known as the Shawangunk Ridge in New York, Kittatinny Mountain in New Jersey, and Blue Mountain in Pennsylvania. This long ridge is broken by several narrow and dramatic gaps, known as wind and water gaps, including Culver's Gap in New Jersey, the Delaware Water Gap, where the Delaware River passes into the Lehigh Valley along the border between New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and many gaps in Pennsylvania, including the Pennsylvania Wind Gap, the Lehigh River Gap north of Allentown, the Schuylkill River Gap, the Swatara Gap, the Susquehanna River Gap, and others.
Southern section
In its southern section, the Great Valley is bounded to the east by the Blue Ridge Mountains, which extend north into Maryland and Pennsylvania as South Mountain. Regional names of the southern Great Valley include Hagerstown Valley in Maryland, Winchester Valley, and Shenandoah Valley in Virginia and West Virginia, the upper valley of the James River, Roanoke Valley, and New River Valley in Virginia, the Holston River Valley in Virginia and Tennessee, and the East Tennessee Valley extending from Virginia through Tennessee to Alabama. The Coosa River Valley is often considered the southernmost part of the Great Valley. These southern portions of the Great Valley are sometimes grouped into two parts, the Valley of Virginia and the Tennessee Valley.
The southern Great Valley is bounded on the east by the Blue Ridge physiographic province, which includes, from north to south, South Mountain in Pennsylvania and Maryland, the Blue Ridge of Virginia, Holston Mountain in Tennessee, and the Unaka Range and the Great Smoky Mountains of Tennessee and North Carolina. A gap in these mountains exists near Roanoke, Virginia. Other gaps of note in the Blue Ridge of Virginia, connecting the Piedmont region with the Great Valley, include Thornton Gap, Swift Run Gap, and Rockfish Gap.
Another series of mountains bounds the southern Great Valley to the west, including North Mountain and Great North Mountain, the Allegheny Front, Powell Mountain, the Cumberland Mountains, Walden Ridge, and the Cumberland Plateau. The Cumberland Gap connects the Great Valley region with Kentucky and Tennessee lands to the west. Massanutten Mountain lies in the middle of the Valley of Virginia portion of the Great Valley. The Valley of Virginia is a region of karst, with sinkholes and caverns.
Climate
The climate of the Great Valley is generally Warm- or Hot-summer Humid continental in the northern third and Humid subtropical from Pennsylvania southward. The first weather box is from the temperate portion and the second subtropical portion of the valley.
History
Native Americans
Routes through the valley were first used by Native Americans. In pre-colonial and the early colonial era, a major Indian pathway through the Great Valley was known as the Great Indian Warpath, Seneca Trail, and various other names.
European colonialism
For European colonists, the Great Valley was a major route for settlement and commerce in the United States along the Great Wagon Road, which began in Philadelphia. In the Shenandoah Valley, the road was known as the Valley Pike. The Wilderness Road branched off from Great Wagon Road in present-day Roanoke, Virginia, crossed the Cumberland Gap and led to Kentucky and Tennessee, including the fertile Bluegrass region and Nashville Basin. Another branch at Roanoke, called the Carolina Road, led into the Piedmont regions of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.
The various gaps connecting the Great Valley to lands to the east and west have played important roles in American history. On the east side, the wide gap in southeast Pennsylvania became the main route for colonization of the Great Valley. By the 1730s, the Pennsylvanian Great Valley west of South Mountain was open to settlement after treaty cessions and purchases from the Indians. The region drew a steady and growing stream of immigrants and became known as "the best poor man's country". European immigrants ultimately thoroughly settled the Great Valley in Pennsylvania and were rapidly migrating and settling southwards into the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. The entire region between southeast Pennsylvania and the Shenandoah Valley soon became famous as a breadbasket, the most productive mixed farming region in America (Meinig, 1986:134). The road from Philadelphia west to the valley and then south through it became very heavily used and known variously as the Great Wagon Road, the Philadelphia Wagon Road, and the Valley Road. The Conestoga wagon was developed around 1725 in the area of the wide opening between Philadelphia and the Great Valley. The Conestoga wagon became the main vehicle for transportation through the Great Valley until the railroad era.
Culver Gap near Culver's Lake in Sussex County, New Jersey, was an important route through the Kittatinny Mountain from about 10,000 years ago to present. The gap is more than below the top of the mountain. Lenape Native Americans used the gap to hunt and trade on both sides of the mountain. Early settlers from Pennsylvania used the water drop from Culvers Lake to Branchville for a wide assortment of mills. Turnpikes followed the route of Lenape trails through the gap.
By the 1750s, the Great Valley was well-settled to the southern end of the Shenandoah Valley. Immigrants continued to travel from the Philadelphia area south through the Great Valley beyond Shenandoah, to the vicinity of present-day Roanoke, Virginia. There is a wide gap in the Blue Ridge near Roanoke. A branch of the Great Wagon Road began there, crossing through the gap east into the Piedmont region of North Carolina and South Carolina. This road became known as the Carolina Road. During the 1750s, the stream of migrants traveling south through the valley and into the Carolina Piedmont grew into a flood. At the time, the Carolina Piedmont region offered some of the best land at the lowest prices. A string of towns appeared, including Salisbury, Salem, and Charlotte in North Carolina. In the decades before the American Revolution, the Piedmont "upcountry" of the Carolinas was quickly settled, mostly by recent immigrants who migrated from the north to the south via the Great Valley. Many of these immigrants were Scots-Irish, Germans from the Rhineland-Palatinate area, and Moravians. This upcountry population soon surpassed the older and more established lowcountry population near the Atlantic coast, causing serious geopolitical tensions in the Carolinas during the late 18th century (Meinig, 1986: 291–293).
On the west side, the Cumberland Gap became the main route for migration west from the southern Great Valley to Kentucky and Tennessee. In the north, the Mohawk Valley became a major route for westward expansion, especially after the construction of the Erie Canal, which linked New York City in the east to the Great Lakes region in the Midwest via the Hudson River of the Great Valley and the Mohawk Valley gap.
American Civil War
The Great Valley, especially Shenandoah Valley, played an important role during the American Civil War, including its Blue Ridge gaps and nearby Piedmont area and its northward extension to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, where the bloodiest and most influential Civil War battle was fought in the Battle of Gettysburg from July 1 to July 3, 1863. The Battle of Gettysburg resulted in over 50,000 casualties, but the Union Army victory under the command of Major General George Meade over General Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army forces turned the war in the Union's favor.
Civil War-era sites and events in this region include Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, Antietam, Maryland, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, the Valley Campaign of Northern Virginia, the Valley Campaigns of 1864, also in Virginia, the Battles of Chattanooga in Tennessee, and the Gettysburg Battlefield and Gettysburg National Cemetery in Pennsylvania.
Transportation
Interstate highways
Today, the main thoroughfares occupying the southern Great Valley are:
from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania to the road's southern terminus near Dandridge, Tennessee;
from the I-81 interchange to Knoxville; and
from Knoxville to Cleveland, Tennessee.
In the northern valley, the thoroughfares vary. Heading northeast from Harrisburg, I-81 traces the valley to Swatara Gap, then swings north across Blue Mountain and leaves the valley en route to Scranton. I-78 then continues the route through the valley parallel to the southern slopes of Blue Mountain, connecting Harrisburg with Lebanon, Kutztown, and Allentown. At Allentown, I-78 then swings away south into the hills of the Reading Prong en route to New York City. From Allentown into New Jersey and southern New York, the valley is not traced by an interstate highway, though it is traversed at length (and at oblique angles) by both I-80 and I-84, as well as by the Delaware River between Easton, Pennsylvania, and the Delaware Water Gap.
In New Jersey and New York, the valley gradually bends from the northeast to the north, and starting near Newburgh just beyond the Hudson Highlands, I-87 runs much of the valley's length into Canada, passing Poughkeepsie, Albany, and Glens Falls. In an east–west section of the valley, I-90 traverses the Mohawk Valley towards Utica. North of Glens Falls, I-87 runs west of the valley through the Adirondack Mountains, though it descends back into the valley near Plattsburgh. At the Canada–US border, I-87 becomes Autoroute 15 and continues north to Montreal. No interstate highway crosses the rugged section of the valley east of Lake George or passes through the agriculturally rich Champlain Valley running north to Burlington, Vermont.
Heading north from Burlington, however, along the east side of Lake Champlain, I-89 runs through the valley's northernmost stretches to the Canada–US border, where it becomes Quebec Route 133 and Autoroute 35, which trace the route of the Richelieu River in its southern section, where the Great Valley finally dissipates into the plain of the Saint Lawrence River to the east of Montreal. (The Richelieu River continues northward across the plain and empties into the Saint Lawrence to the northeast of Montreal.)
Culture
The Great Valley, especially the southern-middle portion, is within the region known as Appalachia.
See also
Martinsburg Formation
Explanatory notes
Citations
General references
Appalachian Topography – Paleontological Research Institution
Appalachian Mountains – Columbia Gazetteer of North America
USGS – Valley and Ridge Province
Pennsylvania Geology Map
Geological Structure of Pennsylvania
Drake, Richard B. (2001), A History of Appalachia. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky.
Kercheval, Samuel (1850), A History of the Valley of Virginia, Woodstock, Virginia – History (much of it anecdotal) of the colonial Virginia northern frontier
Meinig, D. W. (1986), The Shaping of America: A Geographical Perspective on 500 Years of History, Volume 1: Atlantic America, 1492–1800. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Williams, John Alexander (2002), Appalachia: A History. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Appalachian Mountains
Eastern United States
East Tennessee
Geography of Appalachia
History of United States expansionism
Landforms of New Hampshire
Landforms of South Carolina
Geography of the Lehigh Valley
Regions of Pennsylvania
Regions of the United States
Regions of Virginia
Valleys of Alabama
Valleys of Georgia (U.S. state)
Valleys of Maryland
Valleys of New Jersey
Valleys of New York (state)
Valleys of Pennsylvania
Valleys of Tennessee
Valleys of the United States
Valleys of Virginia
Western Maryland |
François-Marie Pitti-Ferrandi (22 February 1838 – 9 March 1894) was a French doctor and politician who was briefly Senator for Corsica.
Early years
François Pitti-Ferrandi was born on 22 February 1838 in Pietra-di-Verde, Corsica.
He attended the lycée of Bastia for his secondary education.
He studied medicine at the Faculty of Paris, then returned to Bastia to practice his profession at the lycée.
Politics
Pitti-Ferrandi's family had been involved in politics, and he became a municipal councillor in Bastia.
He then represented the canton of Corte, where he had been born, in the general council of Corsica, where he replaced one of his brothers.
In 1885 another of his brothers took his seat in the general council, while he became general councilor for his wife's canton of Muro.
In 1889 he ran unsuccessfully for election to the senate to replace Patrice de Corsi, who had died.
In 1892 he again ran unsuccessfully to replace François Morelli, who had died.
Pitti-Ferrandi was elected senator for Corsica on 7 January 1894.
He won 415 out of 747 votes, and sat with the republican left.
He died unexpectedly on 9 March 1894 at a party at the home of his friend Sébastien Gavini(fr), a deputy for Corsica.
Notes
Sources
1838 births
1894 deaths
19th-century French physicians
French general councillors
Senators of Corsica |
This article provides details of international football games played by the North Korea national football team from 2000 to 2009.
Results
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2007
2008
2009
Notes
References
Football in North Korea
2000
2000s in North Korean sport |
1997–98 Ukrainian First League was the seventh season of the Ukrainian First League which was won by SC Mykolaiv. The season started on July 30, 1997, and finished on July 9, 1998.
Promotion and relegation
Promoted teams
Two clubs promoted from the 1996-97 Ukrainian Second League.
Group A
FC Desna Chernihiv – champion (returning after three seasons)
Group B
FC Avanhard-Industriya Rovenky – champion (debut)
Relegated teams
Two clubs were relegated from the 1996-97 Ukrainian Top League:
FC Kremin Kremenchuk – 15th place (debut)
FC Nyva Vinnytsia – 16th place (returning after four seasons)
Renamed teams
FC Khimik Zhytomyr changed its name back to FC Polissya Zhytomyr.
Teams
In 1997-98 season, the Ukrainian First League consists of the following teams:
Final standings
Promotion/relegation play-off
To the play-off qualified four teams, the 18th placed team of 1997-98 Ukrainian First League and three group winners of 1997-98 Ukrainian Second League:
FC Bukovyna Chernivtsi
FC Podillya Khmelnytskyi (Group A)
FC Krystal Kherson (Group B)
FC Shakhtar-2 Donetsk (Group C)
Top three teams qualified for the First League, the fourth and last team qualified for the Second Team. Format was a single round robin in Kyiv and Boryspil, Kyiv Oblast. When tied on points, the main tie-breaker was head-to-head games. The tournament was conducted at almost empty stadiums. The tournament was discontinued right after the second round when it became apparent that Krystal was not able to secure the third and the safe place to receive promotion. The Georgian footballer George Magriani (Podillya) became the top scorer of the tournament with three goals.
Games
Top scorers
Statistics are taken from here.
See also
Ukrainian Premier League 1997-98
1997–98 Ukrainian Second League
References
External links
1997–98 Ukrainian First League. Ukrainian Football from Dmitriy Troschiy.
Ukrainian First League seasons
2
Ukra |
Googong is a locality located within the Queanbeyan–Palerang Regional Council government area, south of the Queanbeyan Central Business District (CBD).
Googong contains the township of Googong and the developed areas of Fernleigh Park, Little Burra and Mount Campbell Estate. It borders Jerrabomberra and Karabar on the north and Environa on the west. It is about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of the Queanbeyan central business district. Its citizens tend to utilise the infrastructure of neighbouring Canberra.
History
Googong is situated on Ngunnawal traditional Aboriginal country. Five Aboriginal groups have identified custodial connections to the area. The area also has had European farmers and settlers since the mid-1800s. It is named after one of the largest farming properties in the area, although the meaning and origins of the word Googong remain obscure. The first part of the original stone homestead was built in 1845 and was first occupied by Alexander McDonald, an employee of the Campbell family who were early settlers of the Canberra region. The homestead was later renamed ‘Beltana’. The area around Googong has several historic features including the old London Bridge Homestead and the London Bridge Arch, a remarkable natural limestone bridge formed by Burra Creek over thousands of years. The nearby Googong Dam, fed by the Queanbeyan River and numerous creeks, is by far the largest in the ACT region. It was constructed in 1977.
The township of Googong spans 780 hectares which sits within the Parish of Googong, an area of land between Burra and Queanbeyan, east of Jerrabomberra Creek. It is being developed as a joint venture between Peet and Mirvac and will eventually be home to around 18,000 people. Googong Foreshores is the name given to the area around Googong Dam. This is separate from the town of Googong and is managed as a water catchment, wildlife refuge and public recreation area. Park Care volunteers help to protect the national and cultural values of the Foreshores.
Planning for the township of Googong began in the early 2000s, with approval to begin the re-zoning process granted in 2006. The findings of the Independent Queanbeyan Land Release Inquiry, issued by the NSW Minister for Planning in September of that year recommended the site as the future residential growth area for the City of Queanbeyan. In November 2007, the NSW Department of Planning issued a Section 65 certificate enabling the public exhibition of the draft Local Environmental Plan which was available for public comment until February 2008. The re-zoning of the site to allow residential development was approved in December 2009.
At that time it was announced that Googong will have five neighbourhoods, a town center and four local shopping centers, as well as 183 hectares of open space to provide recreational, ecological and visual amenity. As part of the project, developers Peet and Mirvac undertook a Voluntary Planning Agreement (now known as a Local Planning Agreement) to dedicate land and undertake construction works valued at over $300 million. These included road and intersection upgrades on local access roads and the construction of community facilities including a library, community centres, indoor pool and sports centre, sporting fields and open spaces, as well as gifting land for a public primary school, public secondary school, and fire station. The Development Control Plan for the township of Googong was approved by Queanbeyan City Council in October 2010. The final plan was formally adopted in June 2013. Civil construction commenced at Googong in 2012 with the first residents moving in during February 2014.
Culture and arts
Googfest
Googfest is a regional music festival hosted by the developers of Googong, Peet Limited and Mirvac. The festival was launched in 2015 and has previously featured music acts including Dami Im, SAFIA, Sneaky Sound System, and The Aston Shuffle attracting more than 10,000 people each year.
Boogong
Boogong is Googong’s annual Halloween festival. The event features circus acts and other forms of entertainment for the community and attracts up to 10,000 people each year. It is also hosted by Googong's developers, Peet Limited and Mirvac.
Rural Fire Service Open Day
The Googong Rural Fire Service Open Day offers members of the community the chance to meet local crew from the Jerrabomberra Creek Rural Fire Brigade and the Queanbeyan Fire and Rescue service to discuss fire safety in the region and at home. The open day also features local landcare, sports groups and wildlife careers and is hosted by Googong's developers, Peet Limited and Mirvac.
KiteFest
KiteFest is Googong’s annual kite festival which is held on Father’s Day at Rockley Oval. The event often features notable kite enthusiasts as well as onsite entertainment.
Population
At the Census, there were:
7,444 people in Googong (State Suburbs).
Of these 49.9% were male and 50.1% were female.
The median age was 32.
Of people aged 15 years and over, 61.7% of people were in a registered marriage and 14.7% were in a de facto marriage.
Of people were attending an educational institution, 34.3% were in primary school, 19.1% in secondary school and 20.7% in a tertiary or technical institution.
The most common responses for religion in Googong were No Religion, so described 36.2%, Catholic 26.6%, Anglican 12.2%, Not stated 4.2% and Hinduism 3.3%.
Commercial areas
Googong North Village Centre opened in Googong’s first neighbourhood with an IGA supermarket, liquor store, Gorman & Co. pub, café, hair salon, beautician, Our Place Childcare, Domino’s Pizza, Club Lime gym, GP clinic, dentist, physiotherapist, allied health services, discount pharmacy, vet, real estate agent, and a Community Centre
Googong Town Centre
Plans for a $143 million town center were revealed in 2018 in Googong Central, the town’s second neighbourhood. Work is scheduled to be completed on supermarkets and the retail precinct in the coming years.
Education
The Anglican School Googong
The Anglican School Googong is a co-educational, open-entry school that currently caters for Early Learning through to Year 10. By 2023 it will take students through until Year 12.
Googong public primary school
In June 2018, the New South Wales Government announced the approval and planning commencement of a public primary school for Googong. In 2020, they announced that the school will open for students for Term 1, 2023. This will be located on land adjacent to the Googong North Village Centre.
Googong public secondary school
The public secondary school will be located in Googong Central. A site has been gifted to the New South Wales Government.
Sustainability
Water Recycling Plant
The Googong Water Recycling Plant is part of an $133 million integrated water recycling system which was funded, designed and built by Googong’s developers and gifted to the Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council who manage the site. The recycled water is delivered through an existing network of purple-coloured pipes and taps, distinguishing it from potable water. It will be used across Googong’s public green spaces and delivered to all Googong residents, schools and businesses for non-potable uses such as watering gardens and flushing toilets. The system will recycle over half the waste water used on site, and reduce potable water consumption in the town by 60%.
Green Star Rating
Googong was awarded the Green Building Council of Australia’s first 5-Star Green Star – Communities rating in 2016. The township was given a 5-star rating based on several its initiatives including its integrated water cycle management system, open space strategy and building design guidelines. Launched in 2003, Green Star is Australia's largest voluntary and holistic sustainability rating system for buildings, fitouts and communities. Following a re-accreditation process, this rating was confirmed and extended until 2026 as the township delivered on the several sustainability initiatives promised as part of the original certification.
Reconophalt
Googong has used ‘reconophalt’, a recycled road product, to install six netball courts and an adjacent car park within the township. The recycled road product is made from an asphalt mix of soft plastics, glass toner and reclaimed road. The product is currently undergoing trial, with the aim is for the product to be used to build roads within the township.
Conservation area for Pink-tailed Worm-lizard
The Pink-tailed Worm-lizard is listed as ‘vulnerable’ under Commonwealth and State legislation and a large population of this species has been identified as occurring within the eastern part of Googong. Under part of the approval of Googong under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act, Googong has committed to establish, rehabilitate and dedicate to public ownership a 54ha fenced Pink-tailed Worm-lizard Conservation Area to protect this species. The township developed a second conservation area in support of the Pink-tailed Worm-lizard, which included $1m joint funding from the New South Wales Government and Googong’s developers Peet Limited and Mirvac.
Electric Charging Stations
There will be electric car charging stations embedded throughout Googong’s five neighbourhoods.
Cat Containment
In February 2021, a cat containment policy was proposed for Greater Googong. Cats are currently encouraged to be kept indoors. Cats are prohibited on public land which is zoned for 'environmental conservation'. This includes the parkland adjacent to the Googong Foreshores, as well as the Pink-tailed Worm-lizard Conservation Area. Cats found in these are likely to be controlled by rangers. Additionally, cats roaming onto neighbouring private properties face danger of being controlled by the landowners.
Parks
Lovegrove Park
Lovegrove Park is an all ability park located on Aprasia Avenue adjacent to the Googong North Village Centre. It has a large climbing teepee, slippery dip, basket swing, spinners and softfall. Shadesails cover some of the equipment in the park. There is also a covered BBQ area with seating, bins and a water refill station.
Beltana Park
Beltana Park is adjacent to Club Googong and the tennis courts on Beltana Avenue. It has a large playground with swings, nest swing, slide, large climbing net and other items suitable for all ages of children. There is also a large covered BBQ area with seating and toilets.
Duncan Fields playground
Duncan Fields on Duncan Loop includes a playground with mini trampolines, a half-court basketball court, a covered BBQ area, tables and toilets.
Rockley Oval playground
Rockley Oval on Rockley Parade includes a cricket pitch, nets and AFL posts, a covered BBQ area with tables and a playground which includes a mini climbing wall, swings and toilets.
Yerradhang Nguru – Gumnut Playground
Yerradhang Nguru, Gumnut Playground is located at 65 Aprasia Avenue. Yerradhang Nguru, in the Aboriginal language of the Ngunawal people means Gumtree Camp. The playground has climbing structures, ping pong tables, and a small swing set. There is a large covered BBQ area with seating.
Munnagai Woggabaliri Park
Munnagai Woggabaliri Park has a BBQ area which is covered. It has a playground with swings and a spinner. All the equipment is made from timber. There is also seating available.
Barkley Dog Park and Rockley Oval Dog Park
Googong has two different dog-friendly parks, the largest of which is Barkley Dog Park which also includes a pond. Rockley Oval also includes a cricket pitch, nets and AFL posts.
Googong Common
Googong Common includes walking and bush trails, linking several of the town's ovals and sports precinct. A chain of ponds that make up Montgomery Creek, which runs through Googong Common, are currently under restoration.
Nangi Pimble
Nangi Pimble is a reserve at the highest hilltop in Googong and has been planted with thousands of Allocasuarina verticillata to support a colony of glossy black cockatoo. A proposed walking trail for the area will lead to a viewing platform atop the hill. The viewing platform is currently under development.
Bunyip Park
Bunyip Park opened in October 2022 and includes a bunyip themed playground with climbing structures, bunyip eggs and baby bunyip sculptures, fencing, BBQs, shade structures and toilets. It is located at 5 Glenrock Drive, Googong, and is adjacent to the town’s future town centre and the developers’ Sales Office.
Artwork
Googong entry sculpture
The main entry to the township contains an installation called Terraformis of a 7-metre steel sculpture. The sculpture is a nod to Googong’s local ecology and geology and celebrates the foundations of its natural environment. Rusted steel blades mirror the shape of surface rock strikes, prevalent in the Googong landscape, and provide a backdrop for handcrafted precast lettering. Large arches dominate the structure and acknowledge the presence of the Molonglo Ranges, while at the same time revealing the microscopic patination of the threatened Golden Sun Moth wings.
Public art
Googong has a public artwork walk that runs throughout the Googong North and Googong Central neighbourhoods, with 15 separate artworks to see and learn about. Artwork on display along the walk includes sculptures, installations, historic markers and architecturally designed play areas.
Houses
House designs
There are 15 builders that make up the Googong Builders Guild and with this comes a range of designs for the available houses throughout each neighbourhood. House and land packages are sold separately, with residents having the ability to implement their own ideas and designs within set frameworks.
Display village
Googong display village features 19 different example homes from the 15 builders within the Googong Builders Guild. It is the largest display village in the region and gives potential future residents the option to choose from different designs and builders. It is located at 12 Courtney Street, Googong NSW 2620.
Sports and recreation
Upcoming sports precinct
Upon completion, Googong’s sports precinct[31] will contain the six netball courts, a BMX track, an indoor pool and sports centre, a tennis centre, seven ovals including an athletics track, a skate park, a basketball court, pitch and putt, BBQ facilities, toilets and parking, as well as the Googong Sports and Recreation Club. The precinct is currently home to five playing fields, three pump tracks, a fitness trail, two tennis courts and six netball courts.
The most recent addition to the precinct is a pump track project, which stretches a combined 320 metres and includes an advanced track (120m), intermediate track (160m or two 80m tracks), and a kid’s track (40m). The current location of the tracks is temporary while the sports precinct continues to be developed, with the tracks set to be relocated to a permanent position in the community when work begins on the Indoor Pool and Sports Centre in coming years.
Club Googong
Club Googong is found in Googong’s first neighbourhood overlooking Beltana Park. The club contains a five lane 25 metre indoor pool and a small gym as well as an outdoor seating terrace. In 2019 the facility was transferred to new owners, Aquatots Swim School.
Sports Clubs – Googong Hogs AFL, Googong Hogs Netball, Monaro Panthers
Googong has three sports teams within the township.
The Googong Hogs is a community-based AFL club that was formed in 1976 as the Harman Australian Football Club before a vote was passed in 2015 to change its name to the Googong Australian Football Club. They play at Rockley Oval.
The Googong Hogs also has netball teams from the junior ages through to senior teams. The netball teams play on courts made from ‘reconophalt’.
The Monaro Panthers is a Premier League Football Club with players from Googong as well as Queanbeyan, Jerrabomberra, Bungendore, Canberra, Sutton, Michelago and the surrounding regions.
Googong Sports and Recreation Club
The Queanbeyan Whites Sports and Social Club will be contained within the upcoming sports precinct. It will be built in two phases with the first phase expected to open late 2023. It will be home to local community sports clubs including the Googong Hogs AFL, Googong Hogs Netball, and Googong Monaro Panthers Football.
The club is owned and operated by the Queanbeyan Rugby Union Football Club, who are based in the nearby town of Queanbeyan, New South Wales. They have earned the nickname 'Queanbeyan Whites' due to the colour of their playing jersey. The club competes in the ACTRU Premier Division. The club has produced several former professional and international rugby union stars including David Campese, Matt Giteau and Anthony Fainga’a.
Awards and recognition
UDIA Awards
In 2019, Googong received top honours at the 2019 Urban Development Institute of Australia (UDIA) NSW awards, winning both the Excellence in Masterplanned Communities and Excellence in NSW Regional Development categories. In 2020, Googong won the award for Excellence in Marketing. The UDIA runs a prestigious annual awards ceremony for projects and leaders in the urban development industry. The township was also the winner of several other UDIA Awards including:
UDIA NSW Awards for Excellence – Concept Design 2011
UDIA NSW Awards for Excellence – Excellence in Southern NSW Regions and ACT Development 2016
Commendation UDIA NSW Awards for Excellence – Environmental Technology and Sustainability 2016
UDIA NSW Awards for Excellence – Masterplanned Communities 2019
UDIA NSW Awards for Excellence – NSW Regional Development 2019
UDIA NSW Awards for Excellence – Marketing 2020
ACT Property Council Awards
Property Council of Australia / Rider Levett Bucknall Innovation and Excellence Awards
In 2020, Googong was awarded the Rider Levett Bucknall (RLB) ACT Development of the Year award. The RLB ACT Development of the Year award is part of the 2020 Property Council of Australia / Rider Levett Bucknall Innovation and Excellence Awards program.
Gallery
References
External links
http://www.googong.net
Queanbeyan–Palerang Regional Council
Southern Tablelands |
Mike Nguyen is a Vietnamese-American artist who worked as a Supervising Animator on Warner Bros.' Quest for Camelot, The Iron Giant, and Osmosis Jones but is best known for creating his own animated feature My Little World.
Biography
Mike Nguyen received his BFA in character animation at the California Institute of the Arts in 1988. Since then, he has worked in the feature animation film industry for over 10 years as an animator, for major studios such as Disney, DreamWorks, and Warner Bros.
External links
RainPlace-official site
Speaker Bio on VPS Conference 2004
American film directors of Taiwanese descent
American artists of Vietnamese descent
American people of Vietnamese descent
American animators
California Institute of the Arts alumni
Vietnamese film directors
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people |
Pauline "Polly" Whittier (December 9, 1876 – March 3, 1946) was an American golfer who competed in the 1900 Summer Olympics. She was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Whittier won the silver medal in the women's competition. She was a daughter of Col. Charles A. Whittier, and in 1904 she married Ernest Iselin, son of Adrian Iselin Jr.
References
External links
American female golfers
Amateur golfers
Golfers at the 1900 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for the United States in golf
Medalists at the 1900 Summer Olympics
Golfers from Massachusetts
Sportspeople from Boston
1876 births
1946 deaths
Iselin family |
Tatiana Perebiynis and Tatiana Poutchek were the defending champions, but Perebiynis did not compete this year. Poutchek teamed up with Yuliya Beygelzimer and successfully defended her title, by defeating Li Ting and Sun Tiantian 6–3, 7–6(7–0) in the final.
Seeds
Draw
Draw
References
External links
Official results archive (ITF)
Official results archive (WTA)
Doubles
Tashkent Open
2003 in Uzbekistani sport |
Mary Butler may refer to:
Lady Mary Butler (1689–1713), second daughter of the 2nd Duke of Ormonde
Mary E.L. Butler (1874–1920), Irish writer and Irish-language activist
Mary Joseph Butler (1641–1723), Irish abbess
Mary Butler (politician) (born 1963), Irish politician
Mary Anne Butler, Australian playwright
Mary Hawkins Butler (born 1953), mayor of Madison, Mississippi
Mary Butler, Duchess of Ormonde (1664–1733)
Mary Butler Lewis, (1903–1970), American anthropologist and archeologist |
Gmina Domanice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Siedlce County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Domanice, which lies approximately south-west of Siedlce and east of Warsaw.
The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total population is 2,690 (2,660 in 2014).
Villages
Gmina Domanice contains the villages and settlements of Czachy, Domanice, Domanice-Kolonia, Emilianówka, Kopcie, Olszyc Szlachecki, Olszyc Włościański, Olszyc-Folwark, Pieńki, Podzdrój, Przywory Duże, Przywory Małe, Śmiary-Kolonia and Zażelazna.
Neighbouring gminas
Gmina Domanice is bordered by the gminas of Łuków, Skórzec, Stoczek Łukowski, Wiśniew and Wodynie.
References
Polish official population figures 2006
Domanice
Siedlce County |
Talat Phlu (, ) is a khwaeng (sub-district) in Thon Buri district, Bangkok. It encompasses a historic district and a bustling day and night marketplace known as Talat Phlu.
Geography
Neighbouring subdistricts are (from the north clockwise): Wat Tha Phra in Bangkok Yai district (Khlong Bangkok Yai is a borderline), Bang Yi Ruea in its district (Khlong Bang Nam Chon is a borderline), Bukkhalo and Dao Khanong in its district with Bang Kho of Chom Thong district (Ratchaphruek road, Khlong Bang Sakae, Khlong Yaek Bang Sakae 13 and Khlong Wat Mai Yai Nui 1 are the borderlines), Bang Kho of Chom Thong district and Pak Khlong Phasi Charoen of Phasi Charoen district (Khlong Dan is a borderline), respectively.
Talat Phlu has a total area of 1.823 km2 (about 0.703 mi2).
Demography
Talat Phlu had a total population of 15,440 people and 14,735 households (December 2020).
References
Thon Buri district
Subdistricts of Bangkok |
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The Zambezi indigobird (Vidua codringtoni), also known as the twinspot indigobird or green indigobird, is a species of bird in the family Viduidae. It is found in Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
It appears on Zambia's new 5 ngwee coin.
References
Zambezi indigobird
Birds of East Africa
Zambezi indigobird
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
Jordan Grant (born 15 August 1994) is a Serbian international professional rugby league footballer who plays as a for the Melbourne Storm in the National Rugby League (NRL).
Early life
Grant was born in Penrith, New South Wales, and is of Bosnian and Aboriginal descent. He was educated at St Dominic's College, Penrith.
Grant played junior rugby league for the St Clair Comets, before signing with Penrith Panthers.
Playing career
Early career
Grant was a part of the Penrith Panthers junior development system. He then played in the NRL Under-20s for the Parramatta Eels in 2013, and the Wests Tigers in 2014.
In 2016, Grant was named player of the year for the Tigers' New South Wales Cup team. He represented in their 2017 World Cup qualifying fixtures in October 2016.
In 2018, Grant moved to Queensland, playing for the Mackay Cutters in the Queensland Cup, living with teammates Nicho Hynes and Aaron Booth. After a year in Mackay, Grant transferred to the Redcliffe Dolphins in 2019.
Melbourne Storm
Grant signed with the Brisbane Tigers in the Queensland Cup ahead of the 2021 season.
In round 18 of the 2021 NRL season, Grant made his debut for the Melbourne club against the Newcastle Knights where they won 48–4.
Limited to just three NRL appearances for Melbourne in 2022, Grant played 12 of a possible 19 matches for the Brisbane Tigers, winning the club's best and fairest award. In 2023 Grant started at prop in the Tigers 22-18 grand final victory over the Burleigh Bears.
References
External links
Melbourne Storm profile
Brisbane Tigers profile
1994 births
Living people
Australian rugby league players
Australian people of Bosnia and Herzegovina descent
Serbia national rugby league team players
Rugby league players from Penrith, New South Wales
Rugby league props
Melbourne Storm players
Mackay Cutters players
Redcliffe Dolphins players
Eastern Suburbs Tigers players |
Kyaka is a town in Tanzania. It is an urban centre in Missenyi District, Kagera Region. The population of Kyaka was estimated at 6,000 people in 2015.
Location
Kyaka is located in Missenyi District, in Kagera Region, in northwestern Tanzania, on the southern banks of the Kagera River. This is approximately , by road, west of the city of Bukoba, where the Regional headquarters are located. Kyaka is approximately , by road, south of the town of Mutukula, Tanzania at the international border with Uganda. The geographical coordinates of Kyaka are:01°15'13.0"S, 31°25'12.0"E (Latitude:-1.253611; Longitude:31.420000). Kyaka sits at an average elevation of above sea level.
Overview
The Kyaka Bridge, sometimes referred to as Kagera Bridge, spans the Kagera River at Kyaka. At Kyaka, two major road systems intersect. Highway B8 (Mutukula–Bukoba Road) meets Highway B182 (Omurushaka–Kyaka Road).
History
In October 1978, about 3,000 Uganda Army troops loyal to dictator Idi Amin invaded Tanzania, starting with aerial bombings. After overwhelming the weak Tanzanian border defenses, the Ugandans occupied the area north of Kagera River, called the Kagera Salient, claiming it was Ugandan territory. They blew up the Kyaka Bridge and destroyed a lot of property.
As result of the invasion, the Uganda–Tanzania War erupted; the Ugandans were mostly expelled by the Tanzania People's Defence Force from the Kagera Salient in November 1978. Following the conclusion of the war, the Tanzanian Government increased the strength of its police station in Kyaka to better ensure border security.
See also
Transport in Tanzania
Uganda–Tanzania War
References
External links
Weather Forecast At Kyaka, Tanzania
Geography of Tanzania
Missenyi District
Kagera Region
Cities in the Great Rift Valley
Populated places in Kagera Region |
Philip Birnbaum (1907-1996) was an American architect. His work was described as "[exceeding] just about any other architect in recent decades."
In addition to working on some famous buildings, such as 1 Lincoln Plaza or Trump Plaza, he designed about 300 other buildings that were notable for "virtually no wasted floor space"; he also worked outside of Manhattan and New York City.
Education
Birnbaum grew up in Washington Heights, attended Stuyvesant High School, and graduated in Architecture from Columbia University. Although he was accepted into Princeton University, he was told by the institution itself that he might "not fit into the environment" due to his religion and heritage.
References
Architects from New York City
1907 births
1996 deaths
20th-century American architects |
Michael Seward "Mike" Gregory (16 December 1956 – 19 April 2022) was an English professional darts player, best remembered as the runner-up to Phil Taylor in the 1992 Embassy World Darts Championship final, which went to a tiebreak final leg and is regarded as one of the greatest matches in darts history.
Gregory was also twice runner-up in the Winmau World Masters. Among his tournament wins were the News of the World Championship (1987 and 1988), the Butlins Grand Masters (1984), the MFI World Matchplay (1986), the WDF Europe Cup (1988), the WDC UK Masters (1992 and 1993) and the European Masters (1995). Gregory was also a controversial figure in the 1993 split in darts, first siding with the rebel World Darts Council players in leaving the British Darts Organisation, before rejoining the BDO.
Darts career
Gregory was one of the top ranked players from the mid-1980s through to the early 1990s, having been seeded in the top four at the World Championships on seven occasions – although he never won the World title.
His major breakthrough was beating John Lowe in the semi-finals of the 1983 British Open in which he finished runner-up to Eric Bristow. He lost again to Bristow in the final of that year's World Masters tournament. He made his World Championship debut in 1984 and reached the quarter-final, losing heavily 0–5 to Jocky Wilson.
Gregory lost at the quarter-final stage of the World Championship in 1987, 1989 and 1993. He made his first semi-final in 1990, losing to Eric Bristow and his only final appearance came in 1992 – when he lost an epic match 5–6 in sets to Taylor. Having missed six darts for the title – two each for double 20, double 8 and double 10, which he has since jokingly referred to as the Bermuda Triangle – the match went all the way to a sudden death leg, which comes when the players reach 5–5 in both sets and legs. It was the first time this had happened in the World Championship's 14-year history and the match is often mentioned in discussions about the greatest darts match; Taylor himself listed this as his greatest ever match. Gregory won the bull-off to throw first in the decider, but had a bounce-out on his first turn and Taylor comfortably sealed the win. Gregory would become the only man to have lost a World Championship final having had darts at double to win, and remained so until Mark McGeeney did so in 2018.
Whilst he was never a World Champion, he won many televised titles of the era, including the 1984 Unipart British Professional (beating both Jocky Wilson and John Lowe), the 1986 MFI World Matchplay, as well as becoming one of only seven players to win the News of the World Darts Championship twice (in 1987 and 1988), joining Tom Barrett (1963–64 and 1964–65) and Eric Bristow (1983 and 1984) as the only other players to win it in consecutive years.
Role in the BDO/WDC split
Gregory was a controversial figure in the split in darts, a dispute between the game's governing body, the British Darts Organisation, and the top players. Darts had boomed in the 1980s, with as many as 23 televised events in 1983, but this had steadily diminished to just one by 1989. This reduction in prizemoney and television exposure meant that players were no longer able to make a living from the sport. The top players, their managers and darts equipment manufacturers felt that the BDO were not doing enough to improve the image of darts and attract new sponsors, so they formed the World Darts Council, which eventually became the Professional Darts Corporation. By the end of 1992, the WDC had begun to stage their own tournaments outside the auspices of the BDO. The first of these, the Lada UK Masters, was shown on Anglia Television and was won by Gregory.
At the 1993 Embassy World Championship, the WDC players were ordered to remove their WDC insignia. Later in the tournament, 16 WDC players, including Gregory, issued a statement saying that they would only participate in the 1994 World Championship if it came under the auspices of the WDC, and that they only recognised the WDC as having the authority to sanction their participation in darts tournaments worldwide. The BDO responded by banning the 16 "rebel" WDC players, and any other players or officials who associated with them, from all competitions. This was endorsed at a World Darts Federation meeting in October 1993 and became a worldwide ban. This resulted in four years of litigation, as the WDC sought to overturn the ban.
Gregory won the second WDC Lada UK Masters in November 1993, defeating Bob Anderson in the final. However, Gregory then had a change of heart, and announced in late November 1993 that he would be returning to the BDO. He was the second WDC player to move back to the BDO, after Chris Johns. The other WDC players were particularly aggrieved by Gregory's departure, as they felt he had let them down at a crucial juncture. He had also not informed them in advance. Coming just a month before the inaugural WDC World Darts Championship was set to begin, Gregory's defection threatened their recent broadcast deal with Sky Sports, as the contract stipulated that all WDC players were to participate in the tournament. Ultimately, Sky agreed to honour the deal, on condition that no other players withdrew.
In an interview on Time of our Lives, Gregory admitted that in hindsight he made a mistake in leaving the WDC. Eric Bristow wrote in his autobiography: "Mike's decision to leave hurt us badly because he was a good player and the good players really did need to show solidarity. When he defected back to the BDO we were down to fourteen and panic was setting in." Bristow, who had been good friends with Gregory, insisted that he would never speak to him again. John Lowe felt that Gregory had succumbed to pressure from Olly Croft, who warned that he would lose his house if the WDC lost its case. John Gwynne said: I think even he [Mike] would admit that it's the worst thing he ever did, because he was accepted then by neither side." When Phil Taylor won the inaugural Champions League of Darts in 2016, his first win broadcast on BBC since his 1992 Embassy world final victory over Gregory, he said: "I'm sure he's watching so, to Mike, look at what you could have won, buddy!"
After the split
The last BDO tournament in which the "rebel" players competed was the Finland Open in April 1993. Gregory's return to the BDO was in time for the 1994 British Open, which was staged on New Year's Day, and he reached the semi-finals. He was not able to compete at the Embassy World Darts Championship in 1994, as the tournament draw had been made before he decided to return to the BDO. Later in 1994, he won the Norway Open and Belgian Open.
In 1995, he returned to the Lakeside for the first time since the split as the number five seed. He reached the quarter-finals, losing 3–4 to Martin Adams.
His other WDF titles came in 1995, winning the Swiss Open and the Belgian Open. Gregory then won his last televised title in September 1995, when he won the Unipart European Masters tournament, which was held at Lakeside and broadcast on the BBC. In the semi-final, Gregory defeated the reigning BDO World Champion, Richie Burnett, and beat Peter Manley in the final.
After Gregory's Unipart European Masters triumph, his form quickly faded. He suffered first round defeats in each of his next three appearances in the BDO World Championship at Lakeside – in 1996, 1997 and 1999, and did not qualify for the competition again. Other than a quarter-final appearance at the 2001 Welsh Open and a defeat to Davy Richardson in the final of the 2003 Scottish Open, he did not feature in the latter stages of Open events after 1999. His last appearance at a major WDF event was the 2005 Scottish Open, when he reached the last 16.
Gregory played county darts for Somerset and also played for Radstock in the Somerset Super League, where he appeared with the PDC player Steve Grubb.
Death
Mike Gregory died on 19 April 2022, at the age of 65. He had been battling dementia in the last few years.
World Championship results
BDO
1984: Quarter Finals (lost to Jocky Wilson 0–5) (sets)
1985: 1st Round (lost to Bobby George 1–2)
1986: 1st Round (lost to Keith Deller 0–3)
1987: Quarter Finals (lost to Jocky Wilson 3–4)
1988: 1st Round (lost to Chris Johns 0–3)
1989: Quarter Finals (lost to Jocky Wilson 3–4)
1990: Semi Finals (lost to Eric Bristow 2–5)
1991: 2nd Round (lost to Eric Bristow 0–3)
1992: Runner Up (lost to Phil Taylor 5–6)
1993: Quarter Finals (lost to Bobby George 2–4)
1995: Quarter Finals (lost to Martin Adams 3–4)
1996: 1st Round (lost to Les Wallace 0–3)
1997: 1st Round (lost to Roland Scholten 2–3)
1999: 1st Round (lost to Martin Adams 1–3)
Career finals
BDO major finals: 3 (0 wins, 3 runners-up)
Independent major finals: 2 (2 titles)
Performance timeline
Notes
References
External links
Mike Gregory profile dartsdatabase
Mike Gregory interview on darts split (2008) superstars of darts
1956 births
2022 deaths
English darts players
Sportspeople from Bath, Somerset
British Darts Organisation players
Professional Darts Corporation founding players |
Tidewater is an unincorporated community in Richmond County, in the U.S. state of Virginia.
References
Unincorporated communities in Virginia
Unincorporated communities in Richmond County, Virginia |
The 2013 Japanese Grand Prix (formally known as the 2013 Formula 1 Japanese Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race that was held on 13 October 2013 at the Suzuka Circuit in Suzuka, Japan. The race was the fifteenth round of the 2013 season, and marked the 39th running of the Japanese Grand Prix. The race, contested over 53 laps, was won by Sebastian Vettel, driving a Red Bull after starting from second on the grid. Mark Webber, who started on pole position, settled for second after being forced to switch to a three stop strategy, which in the end was not successful. Romain Grosjean took his second podium in succession in third position for Lotus F1. This was Red Bull's 14th one-two finish in Formula One.
The result meant that the title was not sealed at Suzuka but Vettel could win the title with fifth place at the next race in India. Meanwhile, Fernando Alonso stretched his lead to 30 points over Kimi Räikkönen but was still 90 behind Vettel's total.
Räikkönen in turn also increased his lead over Lewis Hamilton to 16 points after the Briton retired from puncture damage after colliding with Vettel on lap one. The result also meant that only Alonso could deprive Vettel of becoming world champion as Hamilton and Räikkönen fell out of contention.
Report
Background
Tyre supplier Pirelli brought its Orange-banded hard compound tyre as the harder "prime" tyre and the White-banded Medium compound tyre as the softer "option" tyre, as opposed to the previous year where hard and soft selection were provided. Jules Bianchi and Charles Pic were each given ten-place grid penalties after stewards found they had been speeding behind the safety car at the previous round in Korea. Both drivers were reprimanded for their actions, and automatically received a ten-place grid penalty as it was their third reprimand of the season.
Free practice
Free Practice 1 saw Heikki Kovalainen drive for Caterham, in place of Charles Pic. The session was not without incident, as both Jules Bianchi (Marussia), Giedo van der Garde (Caterham) both went off at the exit of the second Degner corner. As a result of his accident, Bianchi was forced to sit out of Free Practice 2, while his car was repaired. Pastor Maldonado suffered a loose wheel up at Spoon Curve. Williams were later fined €60,000 for failing to attach the wheel properly. Lewis Hamilton set the fastest lap of the session, with teammate Nico Rosberg behind him.
Free Practice 2 saw Pastor Maldonado also going off at the second Degner corner, where he became stuck in the gravel. Sergio Pérez lost control of his McLaren going into Spoon, and slid backwards and made heavy contact with the tyre barrier. Fernando Alonso spun at the second Degner corner, but he was able to continue. Kimi Räikkönen spun into the gravel trap at the Dunlop corner and was forced to end his session. This time championship leader Sebastian Vettel finished the session fastest, with teammate Mark Webber behind him.
Qualifying
In a first, Charles Pic was given a drive-through penalty for leaving the pits when the red light was displayed at the pit exit during qualifying. The penalty was to be served during the first five laps of the race.
Race
At the start, Romain Grosjean made a superb start to lead into the first corner, behind him there was drama with Mark Webber making contact with Lewis Hamilton causing the latter to have a puncture, also there was a collision between the Marussia of Jules Bianchi and the Caterham of Giedo van der Garde sending both cars into the barriers at the first corner, fortunately both cars were removed quickly so no safety car was needed. Hamilton pitted to change his punctured tyre but retired on lap 7 with floor damage. Grosjean led until the pit stops but careful tyre management from Sebastian Vettel during the second phase of the race meant he was able to pass Grosjean and go on to win the race. On the penultimate lap Webber then caught and passed Grosjean to make it a Red Bull 1-2, with Grosjean having to settle for 3rd. Fernando Alonso claimed 4th with Nico Hülkenberg in fifth. Kimi Raikkionen managed 6th although he was some 40 seconds behind his teammate Grosjean. Esteban Gutierrez had the strongest race of his career with 7th beating Nico Rosberg who had to serve a drive through penalty for an unsafe release in the pits.
Classification
Qualifying
Notes:
— Adrian Sutil received a five-place grid penalty for a gearbox change. However, he chose he demoted two-five places for causing a deliberate accident at the previous race.
— Charles Pic and Jules Bianchi received ten-place grid penalties for receiving three reprimands over the season. However, due to Sutil's grid penalty Pic and Bianchi were promoted to 20th and 21st respectively.
Race
Championship standings after the race
Drivers' Championship standings
Constructors' Championship standings
Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
Bold text and an asterisk shows drivers or teams that still had a mathematical chance of winning the championship.
References
External links
Japanese
Grand Prix
Japanese Grand Prix
Japanese Grand Prix |
Statistics of the Yemeni League in the 1994–95 season.
Results
Other participants
Al-Wahda Aden
Al-Zohra Sanaa
Shamsan Aden
Al-Tilal Aden
Al-Shula Aden
Al-Sha'ab Hadramaut
Al-Ahly Hudaida
External links
Yem
Yemeni League seasons
football
football |
The 2005 Cork Junior A Football Championship was the 107th staging of the Cork Junior A Football Championship since its establishment by Cork County Board in 1895.
The final was played on 27 November 2005 at Páirc Uí Rinn in Cork, between Erin's Own and O'Donovan Rossa, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Erin's Own won the match by 1–12 to 1–11 to claim their second championship title overall and a first title in 11 years.
Qualification
Results
Quarter-finals
Semi-finals
Final
References
2005 in Irish sport
Cork Junior Football Championship |
Reginald Herbert Spooner (21 October 1880 – 2 October 1961) was a cricketer who played for Lancashire and England. He also played Rugby Union for England.
Biography
The son of the Rev. G. H. Spooner, of Woolton, Spooner was educated at Marlborough College, where he played Rugby for the school as well as captaining the cricket and field hockey First Elevens. He became one of the leading amateur batsmen of the so-called "Golden Age" of English cricket before the First World War. Coming to prominence as a schoolboy cricketer at Marlborough, Spooner played first class cricket for Lancashire in 1899, then disappeared on three years' military service with the Manchester Regiment, some of it in the Second Boer War in South Africa. He had been commissioned a second lieutenant in the 1st Battalion of the regiment on 19 October 1901, and resigned the commission in November 1902, after the end of the war in South Africa.
Reappearing in 1903, he scored 247 against Nottinghamshire, at that time the highest score made against that county, and shared with Archie MacLaren a first-wicket partnership of 368 against Gloucestershire at Aigburth, Liverpool, which remains the Lancashire record. For the next three years, Spooner, along with MacLaren and Johnny Tyldesley, was the backbone of a formidable batting side that played forty-five County Championship matches without defeat between August 1903 and July 1905.
Spooner's off-drive was particularly strong. He was also noted for his watchfulness and skill at fast bowling on fiery pitches – which were the rule at Old Trafford in fine weather during the 1900s. Among many notable innings by Spooner on fiery wickets were against Essex in 1904 and for the Gentlemen at Lord's against Arthur Fielder in 1906.
The season of 1907 saw Spooner go into business, and for a time it was feared he would not play at all. He did play five times for Lancashire and again beat Fielder with an innings of 134 at Canterbury, and at the Scarborough Festival against the touring South Africans when he became credited as one of the first batsmen to work out the googly, the ball bowled with a leg break action that then breaks from the off. Furthermore, in 1908, when Spooner would have been in his element on rough Old Trafford pitches from which the ball often "flew", he played only one county match on the August Bank Holiday against Yorkshire. He found time for a few matches in both 1909 and 1910 and scored 200 not out against Yorkshire on the Bank Holiday.
In 1911, Spooner was able to manage his business to permit him to play regularly until after the August Bank Holiday. He scored 2,312 runs at an average of more than 51 per innings, but announced he would not be able to tour Australia because of business. In 1912, Spooner played all six Tests, including his only Test century against South Africa. Disaster struck though the following year when an accident while hunting prevented him playing. Moreover, business demands were such that Spooner never played more than a few matches a year from 1914 onwards. Yet, so well-thought-of was he that, after the First World War, Spooner was offered, and accepted, the captaincy of the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) tour to Australia in 1920–21. However, he then had to turn it down because of injury. In the event, the MCC side led by Johnny Douglas lost the Test series 5–0 to the Australian cricket team led by Warwick Armstrong.
Spooner was a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1905. He was later president of Lancashire.
In rugby, Spooner was a centre three-quarter for Liverpool R.F.C. and played for England against Wales at Swansea in 1902–03.
References
1880 births
1961 deaths
British Army personnel of the Second Boer War
C. I. Thornton's XI cricketers
Cricketers from Merseyside
England cricket team selectors
England international rugby union players
England Test cricketers
English cricketers of 1890 to 1918
English cricketers
English rugby union players
Gentlemen cricketers
Gentlemen of England cricketers
H. D. G. Leveson Gower's XI cricketers
Lancashire cricketers
Lord Londesborough's XI cricketers
Manchester Regiment officers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
North v South cricketers
People educated at Marlborough College
Rugby union players from Merseyside
People from Billinge, Merseyside
Sportspeople from the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens
Wisden Cricketers of the Year
Liverpool St Helens F.C. players |
Berge is a municipality in the Prignitz district, in Brandenburg, Germany.
Demography
References
Localities in Prignitz |
Davis Courneyea, better known by his alias Review Raja, is a Canadian film critic, who reviews Indian films from the Tamil film industry. He became popular through his YouTube channel "ReviewRaja", where his team regularly posts film reviews in the English language combined with satirical film sequences of the Tamil film in question. His production team consists of college friends and colleagues. Among them are two Tamils, Rajeev Kugan and Arjun Mano, who introduced him to Tamil cinema. As the popularity of Review Raja grew, he got offers from the Tamil film and television industry. However, Review Raja targets mainly non-Tamil audiences as his often repeated motive is "bringing Tamil cinema to the world."
Biography
Personal life
Review Raja's real name is Davis Courneyea. He was born in the small town of Tweed, Ontario, in Canada and grew up in Belleville. He graduated 2011 in retail management at Ryerson University. He lives in Toronto working as an IT consultant. In Who is Review Raja? he talks about his family. Both parents, Shawna and Richard, live in Ontario and he has a two years older sister Destiny. His father is an entrepreneur, who has been frequently traveling to India since 1991.
Film critiquing
Review Raja became a good friend of Rajeev Kugan, who worked in the same downtown IT company. In the summer of 2012 he met with Kugan and Kugan's high school friend Arjun Mano, a film student at Centennial College, and decided to watch Billa (2007), starring Ajith Kumar. Being unfamiliar with Tamil, or Indian, films before, Review Raja was impressed by the action sequences of the film, stating "It was like nothing I had seen before. I found the action sequences really amazing. Ajith punches someone and they go flying across the room!" Later, Kugan and Mano brought him to Woodside Cinemas in Toronto, where for the first time he experienced watching Tamil film among Tamil film goers, "I was shocked, People were hugging each other, running up and down the aisles, throwing popcorn and candy in the air. Just because Ajith had walked (into the shot)." As there was a dearth of English language reviewers of Tamil films on YouTube, Kugan had the idea to promote Review Raja as an English reviewer of Tamil films.
Review Raja made his film critic debut on July 19, 2012, by posting a video on the popular trailer of Billa II (2012), in which he mentions that he watched Mankatha (2011) as well. Five days later a fully fledged film critic on Saguni (2012) was uploaded, where he used his 5-point rating system for the first time, giving Saguni 3.5/5 stars. Here he also introduced his film certificate punch line "This is Review Raja certified." In Who is Review Raja? he revealed, that he is relying on subtitles when watching Tamil films, and that he planned to learn the language. Additionally he revealed the organization of his team consisting of director and editor Rajeev Kugan, cinematographer Arjun Mano, visual effects and 3D supervisor Wes MacDonald, a sound engineer and Chennai-based musician Udaya Bharathi. The Review Raja logo was created by Kugan's brother Sanjeev. They use Adobe After Effects, Final Cut Pro X, Cinema 4D, Adobe Photoshop and a Canon EOS 5D Mark II camera.
In September 2012, Review Raja opened the Tamil Short Film Contest with a 30 minutes limit for each film with English subtitles, and received 60 submissions by November 4. Later, Team Review Raja decided to make a special video dedicated to the then worldwide Korean song phenomenon Gangnam Style. Kugan mixed it with the A. R. Rahman-composed song "Style" from the soundtrack of Sivaji (2007) under his musical pseudonym dJ.icykle using Sony ACID Pro along with Adobe Audition. The video became a hit by crossing 400.000 views within a few months and is currently the most viewed video by Review Raja. From Pizza Movie Review HD on, Review Raja changed the rating system from the current 5 points to the more accurate 10 points rating system, due to public complains on past reviews. In Thuppakki Music Video HD Review Rani was introduced, who made her film critic debut in Podaa Podi Movie Review HD as Review Raja thought the film was a "chick-flick and I wanted to see how a girl would gauge Silambarasan as an actor."
Review Raja made his official debut in Tamil cinema with Venkat Prabhu's Biriyani (2013), in which he was cast to act in a dance number choreographed by Shobi.
Media coverage
After a couple of weeks of their existence, Review Raja won the Ottawa Rickshaw's online voting contest to feature a free advertisement on their rickshaws to spread Tamil cinema awareness. Taking notice of the rising popularity, Galatta, a South Indian film magazine, arranged a partnership with Review Raja. Review Raja came the first time in contact with Tamil film stars, when he welcomed the Aadhi Bhagavan film crew at Toronto Pearson International Airport. The team around Ameer Sultan, Jayam Ravi, Neetu Chandra, Yuvan Shankar Raja and Ganesh Venkatraman were posing and chatting with Review Raja in front of the media. A growing number of Indian newspaper companies featured stories about Review Raja. In February 2013, Review Raja left Toronto to visit Chennai, where he was interviewed by the leading English newspaper The Hindu and met numerous Tamil film personalities, including Vijay, Gautham Vasudev Menon, Venkat Prabhu, Yuvan Shankar Raja and Prabhu Deva. He also met Rekhs, an English subtitle specialist for Tamil films, on whom Review Raja relies on when he watches Tamil films. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) featured him in the news show The National and in Ontario Morning of CBC Radio One, where Review Raja announced that he would be a jury member of the 7th Vijay Awards, presented by the News Corporation-owned Indian Tamil television channel STAR Vijay.
List of reviewed films
10 points rating system (current)
5 points rating system
Special features
Filmography
Notes
References
External links
Ottawa Rickshaws Gallery
Film review websites
Canadian film critics
Entertainment-related YouTube channels
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Indian film websites
English-language YouTube channels
YouTube channels launched in 2016 |
José Marante (27 February 1915 – 27 August 1993) was an Argentine footballer. He played in nine matches for the Argentina national football team from 1945 to 1947. He was also part of Argentina's squad for the 1946 South American Championship.
Honours
Boca Juniors
Argentine Primera División: 1934, 1940, 1943, 1944
Copa Ibarguren: 1944
Copa de Competencia: 1946
Copa de Confraternidad: 1945, 1946
Argentina
Copa América: 1946, 1947
References
External links
1915 births
1993 deaths
Argentine men's footballers
Argentina men's international footballers
Men's association football defenders
Footballers from Buenos Aires
Boca Juniors footballers |
Odd Lien (born 16 August 1915 in Kristiania, died 24 November 2002) was a Norwegian newspaper editor and politician for the Labour Party.
He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Vest-Agder in 1973, and was re-elected on one occasion. He had previously served as a deputy representative during the term 1965–1969.
On the local level he was a member of the executive committee of Halden municipal council from 1945 to 1947, and later of Kristiansand city council from 1951 to 1964 and 1971 to 1975. From 1967 to 1971 he was also a member of Vest-Agder county council. He chaired the local party chapter from 1975 to 1977.
He chaired the latter group from 1978 to 1985. He chaired the friendship association Friends of Israel in the Norwegian Labour Movement (Norwegian: Venner av Israel i Norsk Arbeiderbevegelse).
Outside politics he worked at a shoe factory in Halden from 1930 to 1940. During the German occupation of Norway he distributed illegal flyers and helped escapees, but was imprisoned. After the war he embarked on a career in journalism. He was a journalist in Halden Arbeiderblad from 1945 to 1947 and editor-in-chief of Rana Blad from 1947 to 1949. In 1949 he was hired as a journalist in Sørlandet, later being promoted to chief editor, a position he held from 1956 to 1977.
References
1915 births
2002 deaths
Members of the Storting
Østfold politicians
Politicians from Kristiansand
Labour Party (Norway) politicians
Norwegian resistance members
Nazi concentration camp survivors
Norwegian newspaper editors
20th-century Norwegian politicians |
```xml
import onetime from 'onetime';
import features from '../feature-manager.js';
import {linkifiedURLClass, shortenLink} from '../github-helpers/dom-formatters.js';
import observe from '../helpers/selector-observer.js';
/* This feature is currently so broad that it's not de-inited via signal, it's just run once for all pageloads #5889 */
function init(): void {
observe(`.comment-body a[href]:not(.${linkifiedURLClass})`, shortenLink);
}
void features.add(import.meta.url, {
init: onetime(init),
});
/*
## Test URLs
path_to_url
path_to_url
*/
``` |
The Seneca Rail Bridge is a rail bridge in Seneca, Illinois over the Illinois River.
It was built by the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific. The first bridge in this location was built around 1853; the present bridge around 1930.
References
Bridges completed in 1930
Bridges in LaSalle County, Illinois
Bridges over the Illinois River
Railroad bridges in Illinois
Steel bridges in the United States |
Finish may refer to:
Finishing (whisky), in the distillation of Scotch
The aftertaste of an alcoholic beverage, particularly for:
whisky
wine
Finished good, a good that is completed as to manufacturing but not yet sold or distributed to the end-user
Surface finishing, various industrial processes for modifying a workpiece's surface
Mechanical finish, processes that modify a surface using mechanical means
Wood finishing, the process of embellishing and/or protecting the surface of wooden objects
People
Eli Finish (born 1975), Israeli comedian
Brands
Finish, A dishwasher detergent brand owned by Reckitt Benckiser and known as Calgonit in Continental Europe, formerly known as Electrasol.
See also
Finishing (disambiguation)
Finish line (disambiguation)
Finnish (disambiguation) |
The Priaulx Library, located in St Peter Port, Guernsey, contains the island's principal collection of local and family history.
History
The library building, Candie House, and its initial collection of books were donated to the island by Osmond de Beauvoir Priaulx in 1889. The initial collection included references on European, Classical and Oriental literature, military history and local genealogy. The building was subsequently extended and the collection enlarged with material covering all aspects of Guernsey history.
Today
The library's collection of local history and genealogy records makes it a primary resource for researchers in these areas. It also hosts exhibitions and lectures.
References
External links
Library website
Organisations based in Guernsey
Research libraries
Buildings and structures in Saint Peter Port |
In organic synthesis, aminochlorination is a reaction that installs both a chlorine atom and an amino (or amido) group to give an 2-aminoalkyl chloride. The reaction typically is effected by combining alkene substrates with chloramines. An alternative implementation involves Pd(II)-induced nucleophilic attack of the amine on the alkene followed by oxidation by a cupric chloride.
References
Organic synthesis |
The Rollo Treadway is a Brooklyn based psychedelic pop group formed in 2006. Their name is taken from a character in the 1924 Buster Keaton film, The Navigator. The group's music is distinguished by its intricate arrangements, lush vocal harmonies and cynical, idiosyncratic lyrics. It has been described by David Sandholm, the songwriter and lead singer, as "a dark, East Coast version of the 'California Sound,'" referring to the style of music made popular by The Beach Boys in the 1960s. Also in the group is Tyler Wenzel on guitar, Grant Zubritsky on bass guitar, Jörg Krückel on electric piano and organ and Blake Fleming (formerly of The Mars Volta) on drums.
The Rollo Treadway's self-titled debut CD, which was produced by Michael Deming, was released Dec. 16, 2008.
Discography
Albums
The Rollo Treadway (self-titled) (2007)
External links
Official website
LAist.com interview
American pop music groups
Indie pop groups from New York (state) |
In physics, zilch (or zilches) is a set of ten conserved quantities of the source-free electromagnetic field, which were discovered by Lipkin in 1964. The name refers to the fact that the zilches are only conserved in regions free of electric charge, and therefore have limited physical significance. One of the conserved quantities (Lipkin's ) has an intuitive physical interpretation and is also known as optical chirality.
In particular, first, Daniel M. Lipkin observed that if he defined the quantities
then the free Maxwell equations imply that
which implies that the quantity is constant. This time-independent quantity is known as the zilch, but, more precisely, it is one of the ten zilches discovered by Lipkin (see below). Nowadays, the quantity is widely known as optical chirality (up to a factor of 1/2). The quantity is the spatial density of optical chirality, while is the optical chirality flux. Generalizing the aforementioned differential conservation law for , Lipkin found other nine conservation laws, all unrelated to the stress–energy tensor. He collectively named these ten conserved quantities the zilch (nowadays, they are also called the zilches) because of the apparent lack of physical significance.
The zilch(es) are often described in terms of the zilch tensor, . The latter can be expressed using the dual electromagnetic tensor as
. The zilch tensor is symmetric under the exchange of its first two indices, and , while it is also traceless with respect to any two indices, as well as divergence-free with respect to any index.
The conservation law means that the following ten quantities are time-independent:
These are the ten zilches (or just the zilch) discovered by Lipkin. In fact, only nine zilches are independent. The time-independent quantity is known as the 00-zilch and is equal to the aforementioned optical chirality (). In general, the time-independent quantity is known as the -zilch (the indices run from 0 to 3) and it is clear that there are ten such quantities (nine independent).
It was later demonstrated that Lipkin's zilch is part of an infinite number of zilch-like conserved quantities, a general property of free fields.
One of the zilches has been rediscovered. This is the zilch known as "optical chirality". This name was given by Tang and Cohen since this zilch determines the degree of chiral asymmetry in the rate of excitation of a small chiral molecule by an incident electromagnetic field.
A further physical insight of optical chirality was offered in 2012; optical chirality is to the curl or time derivative of the electromagnetic field what helicity, spin and related quantities are to the electromagnetic field itself.
The physical interpretation of all zilches for topologically non-trivial electromagnetic fields was investigated in 2018.
Since the discovery of the ten zilches in 1964, there is an important open mathematical question concerning their relation with symmetries. (Recently, the full answer to this question seems to have been found ). The question is:
What are the symmetries of the standard Maxwell action functional (with , where is the dynamical field variable) that give rise to the conservation of all zilches using Noether's theorem? Until recently, the answer to this question had been given only for the case of optical chirality by Philbin in 2013.
This open question was also emphasized by Aghapour, Andersson and Rosquist in 2020,
while these authors found the symmetries of the duality-symmetric Maxwell action underlying the conservation of all zilches. (Aghapour, Andersson and Rosquist did not find the symmetries of the standard Maxwell action, but they speculated that such symmetries should exist ).
There are also earlier works studying the conservation of zilch in the context of duality-symmetric electromagnetism, but the variational character of the corresponding symmetries was not established.
The full answer to the aforementioned question seems to have been given for the first time in 2022, where the symmetries of the standard Maxwell action underlying the conservation of all zilches were found. According to this work, there is a hidden invariance algebra of free Maxwell equations in potential form that is related to the conservation of all zilches.
See also
Conservation law
Noether's theorem
References
Electromagnetism
Conservation laws
Chirality |
The English gothic rock band Alien Sex Fiend have released 13 studio albums, six live albums, 17 compilation albums, two extended plays, 22 singles and eight video albums. Most of their releases have been on Anagram Records, a sub-label of Cherry Red Records. The band have also released three studio albums and three singles on the 13th Moon label, founded in 1996 by band members Nik Wade (Nik Fiend) and Christine Wade (Mrs. Fiend).
In the 1980s, the band's releases regularly reached the top 20 on the UK Indie Chart, beginning with the 1983 release of "Ignore the Machine", which peaked at No. 6 on the UK Indie Singles Chart. Between 1983 and 1987, 12 more Alien Sex Fiend singles appeared on the charts, all but one of which reached the top 20. Five of their albums made the top 20 on the UK Independent Album Chart.
Two mid-1980s singles also made the official UK Singles Chart: "Dead and Buried" peaked at No. 91 in 1984, while a reissued version of "Ignore the Machine" reached No. 99 the following year. Maximum Security was the band's sole album to make the UK Albums Chart, reaching No. 100 in 1985.
Albums
Studio albums
Live albums
Compilation albums
Box sets
Video albums
EPs
Singles
References
External links
Punk rock group discographies
Discographies of British artists |
Fântânele may refer to several places in Romania:
Fântânele, Arad, a commune in Arad County
Fântânele, Constanța, a commune in Constanţa County
Fântânele, Iași, a commune in Iaşi County
Fântânele, Mureș, a commune in Mureș County
Fântânele, Prahova, a commune in Prahova County
Fântânele, Suceava, a commune in Suceava County
Fântânele, Teleorman, a commune in Teleorman County
Fântânele, a village in Ceru-Băcăinți Commune, Alba County
Fântânele, a village in Hemeiuș Commune, Bacău County
Fântânele, a village in Motoșeni Commune, Bacău County
Fântânele, a village in Matei Commune, Bistriţa-Năsăud County
Fântânele, a village in Mărgăritești Commune, Buzău County
Fântânele, a village in Năeni Commune, Buzău County
Fântânele, a village in Cojasca Commune, Dâmboviţa County
Fântânele, a village in Radovan Commune, Dolj County
Fântânele, a village in Teslui Commune, Dolj County
Fântânele, a village in Scânteiești Commune, Galaţi County
Fântânele, a village in Urdari Commune, Gorj County
Fântânele, a village in Andrieşeni Commune, Iaşi County
Fântânele, a village in Târgu Lăpuş town, Maramureș County
Fântânele, a village in Dragu Commune, Sălaj County
Fântânele, a village in Săliște town, Sibiu County
Fântânele, a village in Puieşti Commune, Vaslui County
Other
Fântânele River (disambiguation)
See also
Fântâna (disambiguation) |
Michał Pawlik (born 8 May 1995) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Górnik Łęczna.
Club career
On 11 August 2020, he joined GKS Bełchatów on a one-year contract. On 26 July 2022, he joined Swedish Superettan side Västerås SK.
References
External links
1995 births
Living people
People from Ryki
Footballers from Lublin Voivodeship
Men's association football midfielders
Polish men's footballers
Poland men's youth international footballers
Polish expatriate men's footballers
Ekstraklasa players
I liga players
Norwegian First Division players
Superettan players
Jagiellonia Białystok players
Ullensaker/Kisa IL players
Chrobry Głogów players
GKS Bełchatów players
Odra Opole players
Västerås SK Fotboll players
GKS Górnik Łęczna players
Polish expatriate sportspeople in Norway
Expatriate men's footballers in Norway
Polish expatriate sportspeople in Sweden
Expatriate men's footballers in Sweden |
Mordecai Gist (1743–1792) was a member of a prominent Maryland family who became a brigadier general in command of the Maryland Line in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War.
Life
Gist was born February 22, 1742/3 in Baltimore, Maryland (one source says Reisterstown, Maryland), the fourth child of Thomas and Susannah (Cockey) Gist. Thomas Gist's father, Captain Richard Gist (1684 – August 28, 1741), was the surveyor of Maryland's Eastern Shore and one of the commissioners who laid out Baltimore Town in 1729. Richard Gist's father, Christopher Gist (1655 or 1659 – Feb. 1690), was an English immigrant who came to the Province of Maryland before 1682 and settled in "South Canton" on the south bank of the Patapsco River. Christopher Gist married Edith Cromwell (1660–1694).
Gist was the nephew of Christopher Gist (1706–1759). This Christopher Gist was a Colonial-era explorer, scout, and frontier settler who was employed by the Ohio Company and had served with 21-year-old Colonel George Washington. (Christopher Gist is credited with twice saving Washington's life when they were surveying land in the Ohio country in 1753.) Mordecai Gist was also distantly related to John Eager Howard.
Mordecai Gist was educated for commercial pursuits. At the beginning of the American Revolution, the young men of Baltimore associated under the title of the "Baltimore Independent Company" and elected Gist as their captain. It was the first company raised in Maryland for the defense of popular liberty.
Revolutionary War service
In 1776, Gist was appointed major of Smallwood's Maryland Regiment, and was with them in the Battle of Long Island, where they fought a delaying action at the Old Stone House (Brooklyn, New York), allowing the American army to escape encirclement.
In January 1779, the Continental Congress appointed him as a brigadier general in the Continental Army, and he took the command of the 2nd Maryland Brigade. He fought stubbornly at the Battle of Camden in South Carolina in 1780. At one time after a bayonet charge, his force secured fifty prisoners, but the British under Lord Cornwallis rallied, and the Marylanders gave way. Gist escaped, and, a year later, he was present at the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown. (Gist appears (back row, right side) in John Trumbull's painting Surrender of Lord Cornwallis which hangs in the rotunda of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.)
He joined the southern army under Nathanael Greene, and he was given the command of the light corps again when the army was remodeled in 1782. On August 26, 1782, he rallied the broken forces of the Americans under John Laurens after they had been scattered in an ambush set by a British foraging party.
After the war
After the war, Gist relocated to a plantation near Charleston, South Carolina. He was admitted as an original member of The Society of the Cincinnati of Maryland and was elected as the first vice president of the Maryland Society on November 22, 1783. He later transferred his membership to the South Carolina Society. Gist also served as the grand master of Freemasons in South Carolina.
He had two children that lived to adulthood, both sons, one of whom he named "Independent" and the other "States." Various sources suggest he died between August and September 1792, at the age of 49, in Charleston, but his will was written on the "First day of September" and probated the following month on October 19, 1792. He is buried in St. Michael's Churchyard next to his son, States Gist, and daughter Susannah Gist.
Mordecai Gist was distantly related to States Rights Gist, a brigadier general in the Confederate army during the American Civil War who died of wounds received while leading his brigade in a charge against U.S. fortifications at the Battle of Franklin in November 1864. States Rights Gist was the great-grandson of William Gist (born 1711), uncle of Mordecai Gist.
His papers are held at the Maryland Historical Society.
Notes
References
External links
The Society of the Cincinnati
The American Revolution Institute
1743 births
1792 deaths
American slave owners
Burials at St. Michael's Churchyard (Charleston)
Continental Army generals
Continental Army officers from Maryland
Military personnel from Baltimore
People of colonial Maryland |
Anna Lucy Chell (born 17 January 1997) is an English actress. She began her career appearing in various stage productions including A Midsummer Night's Dream, The Crucible and Great Expectations, before being cast as Jodie Whyte in the BBC medical drama series Casualty in 2023.
Life and career
Anna Lucy Chell was born on 17 January 1997 in Stafford, West Midlands. Prior to pursuing acting, she worked in hospitality. Whilst there, she performed in a production of A Midsummer Night's Dream at the Stafford Shakespeare Festival. She moved to Manchester in 2013 and studied at the Manchester College, before obtaining a BA in acting at the Academy of Live and Recorded Arts. She also studied at the Oxford School of Drama and was shortlisted for the BBC Carleton Hobbs Bursary Award. Whilst studying, she starred in various stage productions, including The Wonderful World of Dissocia, Great Expectations and Love and Information, amongst others.
In 2021, Chell portrayed the recurring role of Kerry Lockwood in the ITV crime drama series The Bay. A year later, she appeared in a national advertisement campaign for food brand Doritos, as well as appearing in a rehearsed reading of Les the Punter in Manchester. Then in 2023, Chell was cast as nurse Jodie Whyte on the BBC medical drama series Casualty. She made her first appearance as the character on 8 April 2023. Chell's casting was part of a shakeup on the series and was announced alongside three other new castings: Eddie-Joe Robinson, Sarah Seggari and Barney Walsh. During her first few months on the series, her character was involved in various dramatic storylines including grieving her dead mother, finding out her estranged father is her boss, being spiked and kidnapped, being attacked by a patient, handling a venomous snake on the ward, being at the centre of a bomb attack and witnessing misogynistic terrorism at a women's march.
Filmography
Stage
Awards and nominations
References
External links
1997 births
21st-century English actresses
Actresses from Staffordshire
Alumni of the Academy of Live and Recorded Arts
Alumni of The Manchester College
Alumni of the Oxford School of Drama
English stage actresses
English television actresses
Living people
People from Stafford |
```objective-c
/*************************************************
* Unicode Property Table handler *
*************************************************/
#ifndef _UCP_H
#define _UCP_H
/* This file contains definitions of the property values that are returned by
the UCD access macros. New values that are added for new releases of Unicode
should always be at the end of each enum, for backwards compatibility. */
/* These are the general character categories. */
#ifdef GLIB_COMPILATION
#include "gunicode.h"
#else
#include <glib.h>
#endif
enum {
ucp_C, /* Other */
ucp_L, /* Letter */
ucp_M, /* Mark */
ucp_N, /* Number */
ucp_P, /* Punctuation */
ucp_S, /* Symbol */
ucp_Z /* Separator */
};
/* These are the particular character types. */
enum {
ucp_Cc = G_UNICODE_CONTROL, /* Control */
ucp_Cf = G_UNICODE_FORMAT, /* Format */
ucp_Cn = G_UNICODE_UNASSIGNED, /* Unassigned */
ucp_Co = G_UNICODE_PRIVATE_USE, /* Private use */
ucp_Cs = G_UNICODE_SURROGATE, /* Surrogate */
ucp_Ll = G_UNICODE_LOWERCASE_LETTER, /* Lower case letter */
ucp_Lm = G_UNICODE_MODIFIER_LETTER, /* Modifier letter */
ucp_Lo = G_UNICODE_OTHER_LETTER, /* Other letter */
ucp_Lt = G_UNICODE_TITLECASE_LETTER, /* Title case letter */
ucp_Lu = G_UNICODE_UPPERCASE_LETTER, /* Upper case letter */
ucp_Mc = G_UNICODE_SPACING_MARK, /* Spacing mark */
ucp_Me = G_UNICODE_ENCLOSING_MARK, /* Enclosing mark */
ucp_Mn = G_UNICODE_NON_SPACING_MARK, /* Non-spacing mark */
ucp_Nd = G_UNICODE_DECIMAL_NUMBER, /* Decimal number */
ucp_Nl = G_UNICODE_LETTER_NUMBER, /* Letter number */
ucp_No = G_UNICODE_OTHER_NUMBER, /* Other number */
ucp_Pc = G_UNICODE_CONNECT_PUNCTUATION, /* Connector punctuation */
ucp_Pd = G_UNICODE_DASH_PUNCTUATION, /* Dash punctuation */
ucp_Pe = G_UNICODE_CLOSE_PUNCTUATION, /* Close punctuation */
ucp_Pf = G_UNICODE_FINAL_PUNCTUATION, /* Final punctuation */
ucp_Pi = G_UNICODE_INITIAL_PUNCTUATION, /* Initial punctuation */
ucp_Po = G_UNICODE_OTHER_PUNCTUATION, /* Other punctuation */
ucp_Ps = G_UNICODE_OPEN_PUNCTUATION, /* Open punctuation */
ucp_Sc = G_UNICODE_CURRENCY_SYMBOL, /* Currency symbol */
ucp_Sk = G_UNICODE_MODIFIER_SYMBOL, /* Modifier symbol */
ucp_Sm = G_UNICODE_MATH_SYMBOL, /* Mathematical symbol */
ucp_So = G_UNICODE_OTHER_SYMBOL, /* Other symbol */
ucp_Zl = G_UNICODE_LINE_SEPARATOR, /* Line separator */
ucp_Zp = G_UNICODE_PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR, /* Paragraph separator */
ucp_Zs = G_UNICODE_SPACE_SEPARATOR /* Space separator */
};
/* These are the script identifications. */
enum {
ucp_Common = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_COMMON,
ucp_Inherited = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_INHERITED,
ucp_Arabic = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_ARABIC,
ucp_Armenian = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_ARMENIAN,
ucp_Bengali = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_BENGALI,
ucp_Bopomofo = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_BOPOMOFO,
ucp_Braille = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_BRAILLE,
ucp_Buginese = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_BUGINESE,
ucp_Buhid = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_BUHID,
ucp_Canadian_Aboriginal = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_CANADIAN_ABORIGINAL,
ucp_Cherokee = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_CHEROKEE,
ucp_Coptic = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_COPTIC,
ucp_Cypriot = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_CYPRIOT,
ucp_Cyrillic = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_CYRILLIC,
ucp_Deseret = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_DESERET,
ucp_Devanagari = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_DEVANAGARI,
ucp_Ethiopic = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_ETHIOPIC,
ucp_Georgian = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_GEORGIAN,
ucp_Glagolitic = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_GLAGOLITIC,
ucp_Gothic = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_GOTHIC,
ucp_Greek = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_GREEK,
ucp_Gujarati = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_GUJARATI,
ucp_Gurmukhi = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_GURMUKHI,
ucp_Han = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_HAN,
ucp_Hangul = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_HANGUL,
ucp_Hanunoo = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_HANUNOO,
ucp_Hebrew = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_HEBREW,
ucp_Hiragana = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_HIRAGANA,
ucp_Kannada = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_KANNADA,
ucp_Katakana = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_KATAKANA,
ucp_Kharoshthi = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_KHAROSHTHI,
ucp_Khmer = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_KHMER,
ucp_Lao = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_LAO,
ucp_Latin = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_LATIN,
ucp_Limbu = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_LIMBU,
ucp_Linear_B = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_LINEAR_B,
ucp_Malayalam = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_MALAYALAM,
ucp_Mongolian = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_MONGOLIAN,
ucp_Myanmar = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_MYANMAR,
ucp_New_Tai_Lue = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_NEW_TAI_LUE,
ucp_Ogham = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_OGHAM,
ucp_Old_Italic = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_OLD_ITALIC,
ucp_Old_Persian = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_OLD_PERSIAN,
ucp_Oriya = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_ORIYA,
ucp_Osmanya = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_OSMANYA,
ucp_Runic = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_RUNIC,
ucp_Shavian = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_SHAVIAN,
ucp_Sinhala = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_SINHALA,
ucp_Syloti_Nagri = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_SYLOTI_NAGRI,
ucp_Syriac = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_SYRIAC,
ucp_Tagalog = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_TAGALOG,
ucp_Tagbanwa = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_TAGBANWA,
ucp_Tai_Le = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_TAI_LE,
ucp_Tamil = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_TAMIL,
ucp_Telugu = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_TELUGU,
ucp_Thaana = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_THAANA,
ucp_Thai = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_THAI,
ucp_Tibetan = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_TIBETAN,
ucp_Tifinagh = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_TIFINAGH,
ucp_Ugaritic = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_UGARITIC,
ucp_Yi = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_YI,
/* New for Unicode 5.0: */
ucp_Balinese = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_BALINESE,
ucp_Cuneiform = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_CUNEIFORM,
ucp_Nko = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_NKO,
ucp_Phags_Pa = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_PHAGS_PA,
ucp_Phoenician = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_PHOENICIAN,
/* New for Unicode 5.1: */
ucp_Carian = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_CARIAN,
ucp_Cham = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_CHAM,
ucp_Kayah_Li = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_KAYAH_LI,
ucp_Lepcha = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_LEPCHA,
ucp_Lycian = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_LYCIAN,
ucp_Lydian = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_LYDIAN,
ucp_Ol_Chiki = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_OL_CHIKI,
ucp_Rejang = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_REJANG,
ucp_Saurashtra = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_SAURASHTRA,
ucp_Sundanese = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_SUNDANESE,
ucp_Vai = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_VAI,
/* New for Unicode 5.2: */
ucp_Avestan = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_AVESTAN,
ucp_Bamum = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_BAMUM,
ucp_Egyptian_Hieroglyphs = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_EGYPTIAN_HIEROGLYPHS,
ucp_Imperial_Aramaic = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_IMPERIAL_ARAMAIC,
ucp_Inscriptional_Pahlavi = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_INSCRIPTIONAL_PAHLAVI,
ucp_Inscriptional_Parthian = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_INSCRIPTIONAL_PARTHIAN,
ucp_Javanese = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_JAVANESE,
ucp_Kaithi = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_KAITHI,
ucp_Lisu = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_LISU,
ucp_Meetei_Mayek = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_MEETEI_MAYEK,
ucp_Old_South_Arabian = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_OLD_SOUTH_ARABIAN,
ucp_Old_Turkic = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_OLD_TURKIC,
ucp_Samaritan = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_SAMARITAN,
ucp_Tai_Tham = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_TAI_THAM,
ucp_Tai_Viet = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_TAI_VIET,
/* New for Unicode 6.0.0: */
ucp_Batak = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_BATAK,
ucp_Brahmi = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_BRAHMI,
ucp_Mandaic = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_MANDAIC,
/* New for Unicode 6.1.0: */
ucp_Chakma = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_CHAKMA,
ucp_Meroitic_Cursive = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_MEROITIC_CURSIVE,
ucp_Meroitic_Hieroglyphs = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_MEROITIC_HIEROGLYPHS,
ucp_Miao = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_MIAO,
ucp_Sharada = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_SHARADA,
ucp_Sora_Sompeng = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_SORA_SOMPENG,
ucp_Takri = G_UNICODE_SCRIPT_TAKRI,
};
#endif
/* End of ucp.h */
``` |
Hip Hip Hurrah! (, ) is a 1987 Danish-Norwegian-Swedish drama film directed by Kjell Grede. The film is named after the painting with the same name. At the 23rd Guldbagge Awards Grede won the award for Best Director and Lene Brøndum won the award for Best Actress. The film was selected as the Swedish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 60th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.
History
The film presents the general background of the Skagen Painters and everything that attracted them to gather in Skagen but it is P.S. Krøyer (Stellan Skarsgård) who is the centre of attraction. It shows how he inspires the other painters to create ever better paintings while his wife Marie is considered to be the most beautiful woman in Denmark. However, Krøyer realises that it is only a matter of time before the mental illness suffered by his mother finally affects him too. The film received several awards including the Grand Special Jury Prize and a Golden Osella for Best Cinematography at the Venice Film Festival.
When Kjell Grede was asked why he as a Swede wanted to make a film about Danish artists, he explained: "The first step, when I look back, was that I was fascinated by the thought of that remote peninsula jutting out into the sea and bathed in sunshine, and of the people gathering there. The next step comes when you consider that group of people because you realise their feelings are so important to all of us — friendship, love and beauty, all that is positive, all that is best. The third step is that when you look at them more closely, you realise that those three qualities are under threat. They are threatened with obliteration, just like the peninsula itself... Everything which means so much to us is constantly threatened by Destiny with a capital D, that same destiny we believe psychotherapists can help us overcome but which in fact tears them apart too. You can see it in the group of artists. Beauty in the paintings of the Skagen artists, it was not something intended just for the enjoyment of the upper classes. It had an important role, it was a call against a hard life, against poverty and sickness and children who died. Ours is a life of luxury when we compare our times with theirs. Beauty was something spiritual, a religious experience, a question of life and death."
Cast
Stellan Skarsgård – Peder Severin Krøyer
Lene Brøndum – Lille
Pia Vieth – Marie Krøyer
Helge Jordal – Christian Krohg
Morten Grunwald – Michael Ancher
– Anna Ancher
See also
List of submissions to the 60th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
List of Swedish submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film
References
External links
1987 films
1987 drama films
Danish drama films
1980s Danish-language films
Norwegian drama films
Swedish drama films
1980s Swedish-language films
Films directed by Kjell Grede
Venice Grand Jury Prize winners
Films whose director won the Best Director Guldbagge Award
1987 multilingual films
Danish multilingual films
Norwegian multilingual films
Swedish multilingual films
1980s Swedish films |
```go
//
//
// path_to_url
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
package calc
import (
"fmt"
"sync"
v3 "github.com/projectcalico/calico/libcalico-go/lib/apis/v3"
"github.com/projectcalico/calico/libcalico-go/lib/backend/api"
"github.com/projectcalico/calico/libcalico-go/lib/backend/model"
)
func NewNodeCounter(sink api.SyncerCallbacks) *NodeCounter {
return &NodeCounter{
sink: sink,
nodeMap: map[string]bool{},
}
}
type NodeCounter struct {
sync.Mutex
sink api.SyncerCallbacks
inSync bool
nodeMap map[string]bool
}
func (c *NodeCounter) OnStatusUpdated(status api.SyncStatus) {
if status == api.InSync {
c.Lock()
c.inSync = true
c.Unlock()
}
c.sink.OnStatusUpdated(status)
}
func (c *NodeCounter) OnUpdates(updates []api.Update) {
for _, update := range updates {
switch k := update.Key.(type) {
case model.ResourceKey:
if k.Kind == v3.KindNode {
name := k.Name
switch update.UpdateType {
case api.UpdateTypeKVNew:
c.setNode(name)
case api.UpdateTypeKVDeleted:
c.deleteNode(name)
}
}
}
}
c.sink.OnUpdates(updates)
}
func (c *NodeCounter) GetNumNodes() (int, error) {
c.Lock()
defer c.Unlock()
if !c.inSync {
return 0, fmt.Errorf("Node counter not yet in sync")
}
return len(c.nodeMap), nil
}
func (c *NodeCounter) setNode(node string) {
c.Lock()
defer c.Unlock()
c.nodeMap[node] = true
}
func (c *NodeCounter) deleteNode(node string) {
c.Lock()
defer c.Unlock()
delete(c.nodeMap, node)
}
``` |
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