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The Kos Minars (translated: Mile Pillars) are medieval Indian milestones along the Grand Trunk Road in northern Indian subcontinent, that were introduced by the 16th-century Pashtun ruler Sher Shah Suri. Kos Minars were erected to serve as markers of distance along royal routes from Agra to Ajmer, Agra to Lahore, and from Agra to Mandu in the south. Most of the Kos Minars are present in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana, and Punjab by the roadsides, railway tracks, paddy fields and in many towns and villages. Kos Minars were described as a "marvel of India" by early European travellers such as Sir Thomas Roe and have been labeled as an integral part of India's ''national communication system" by Archaeological Survey of India. Characteristics A kos in Sanskrit is one fourth of a yojana, an ancient Indian unit of distance. It represented a distance of approximately . A minar is an Arabic word for tower. Kos Minars are solid round pillars, around in height, on a masonry platform built with bricks and plastered over with lime. They are not identical. As milestones, they were an important part of communication and travel. History Maurya period In the third century BC, emperor Ashoka improved existing routes linking his capital city Pataliputra to Dhaka in the east and Kabul via Peshawar in the west and further to Balkh. These routes had landmarks in the form of mud pillars, trees or even wells to guide commuters. Sur period The 16th-century Pashtun ruler Sher Shah Suri introduces improved brick pillars plastered over with lime at every kos. The minars thus came to be called as kos minars. Mughal period Abul Fazl recorded in Akbar Nama that in the year 1575 AD, Akbar issued an order that, at every kos on the way from Agra to Ajmer, a pillar or a minar should be erected for the comfort of the travelers. In addition, many caravanserais (roadside inns) were built for travelers. Later emperors such as Shah Jahan continued to add to the network of Kos Minars. In the Mughal period, there were around 600 minars. In the north, they were extended as far as Peshawar and in the east to Bengal via Kannauj. Deterioration and preservation As the British introduced Imperial units and later, independent India adopted the International System of Units, the kos unit of measurement and consequently these minars went out of use. The monuments gradually went into a state of disrepair, as contemporary people ignored their significance. Only 110 Kos minars are left. According to a report of the Archaeology Survey of India, there are 49 in Haryana alone. There are also seven Kos Minars in Jalandhar district and five around Ludhiana district in Punjab. Conservation work of Kos Minars situated in Jalandhar district started in 2016. Grill fencing was erected at each minar to protect the original structure of Minar. Restoration work for nine Kos Minars near Mathura began in 2018. The Archaeology Survey of India has given Kos Minars protected status and courts have ordered encroachments cleared away. Photo Gallery See also List of Monuments of National Importance in Haryana, contains over a dozen Kos Minars in Haryana References Buildings and structures completed in the 16th century Road transport in India Mughal architecture Monuments and memorials in India Ruins in India History of transport in India Archaeological monuments in Uttar Pradesh Monuments and memorials in Punjab, India Road signs in India Historical markers 16th-century establishments in India Road signs in Pakistan Ruins in Pakistan History of transport in Uttar Pradesh Milestones
Hawmps! is a 1976 American Western slapstick film about a United States Cavalry experiment to introduce camels into the service in the western United States, specifically Texas. The cast included James Hampton, Christopher Connelly and Slim Pickens. It was written by William Bickley, Joe Camp, and Michael Warren, directed by Joe Camp, and produced by Mulberry Square Productions. Plot Howard Clemmons tells his grandchildren about his adventures as a young U.S. Cavalry Lieutenant in 1854. Clemmons had no seniority, power or talent for the army and was therefore chosen to lead an experimental project using camels as cavalry mounts in the southwest U.S. Clemmons remembers arriving at Fort Val Verde, Texas, where Sgt. Uriah Tibbs is expecting Arabian horses. When Tibbs explains that he and his men competed for the privilege of being in the project, Clemmons declines to tell him the “Arabians” are actually camels. Clemmons then reports to the fort's commander, Col. Seymour Hawkins, who is more interested in his cannon practice than Clemmons's camel project. Later, Clemmons inspects the troops, including Nathaniel R. Higgins, who informs Clemmons that he re-enlisted so he could ride an Arabian horse. Although Clemmons wants to tell the men the truth, he is interrupted when a cook throws dishwater out the door and soaks him. When Clemmons and Tibbs later discuss the project at the saloon, they are accosted by Sgt. Naman Tucker, who is outraged his troopers did not receive the Arabian horses. A drunken Clemmons slides under the table as the two sergeants fight. The next day, the camels arrive, but the troops ride their horses back to the fort in disgust, leaving Clemmons to deal with the camels. Hi Jolly, an Arab camel trainer, reports to Clemmons and as they herd camels through town, horses stampede in fright, ladies scream and dogs bark in fear. A wagon overturns, and a barrel splits open covering Col. Hawkins's daughter, Jennifer, in molasses. Hawkins berates Clemmons for the damage and plans to cancel the project, but Clemmons declares that the orders came from Jefferson Davis, the Secretary of War. That night, Jennifer sneaks into Clemmons's room, pours a small crock of molasses over his head, and declares them even before inviting him to afternoon tea. The next day, Hi Jolly gives his first lesson in camel care as Tucker rides up and insults Tibbs's men. Clemmons warns Tucker that if he insults the camel corps again, Clemmons will put him on report and transfer him into the camel project. To the cheers of Tibbs's men, Tucker apologizes and rides away. As Hi Jolly congratulates his comrade on raising the men's morale, Clemmons faints. Over time, the soldiers continue their camel training, but the lessons do not go well. When the men finally learn to mount the camels, the animals run wild, dumping them in the dirt and water troughs. That night, the men bet Tucker he cannot lasso a camel. When Tucker lands the rope around the camel's neck, the beast runs in panic, dragging Tucker behind. The next morning, the camel returns, still dragging Tucker, bleeding and bruised. As weeks pass, the men become proficient with their camels and Clemmons romances Jennifer. He is ordered to capture a Native American renegade and Clemmons and his men pursue the outlaws, but they are thrown off their camels at a river. Later, Hi Jolly explains that camels are afraid of water; if Clemmons had dismounted and demonstrated the water was shallow, the camels would have crossed. That night, Jennifer takes a stroll with Clemmons, who tells her Col. Hawkins is cancelling the camel project. When Clemmons whines that he is a failure, Jennifer scolds him for being too cowardly to fight for his career. The next morning, Clemmons proposes a 300-mile race to the town of Dos Rios between his camels and Tucker's horses. When Hawkins declines, Clemmons deceitfully claims that the camel experiment is the President's pet project. Sometime later, Hi Jolly is injured in a barroom brawl and cannot ride. Before the race, Jennifer gives Clemmons a thick book on camels and kisses him. Col. Hawkins fires a cannon and the race is on. Tucker's horses outpace Clemmons's camels, but within a few days, Clemmons's men catch up. However, Clemmons learns from Corporal Leroy that Tucker and his men are captured by an outlaw named Bad Jack Cutter at Dagger's Point. Clemmons insists on rescuing Tucker and his men. Along the way, Clemmons and Tibbs capture two other outlaws, steal their clothes and horses, then ride into town in disguise to meet Bad Jack, agreeing to join his gang. Later, they find Tucker and his men in jail and try to pull out the window bars using a horse. When the horse fails, a camel demolishes the entire jail. Tucker and his men run, leaving Tibbs and Clemmons to face the outlaws alone. A gunfight ensues but Clemmons's men ride in on camelback, rescuing their leaders, and ride off before the outlaws can get to their horses. That night, Clemmons discovers they have lost the camel carrying all but one of their water barrels. Although Clemmons believes they can find water in the mountains, Tibbs insists they follow the map to the next waterhole. After two days of riding, they discover the hole is dry, and they are out of water. Tibbs wants to ride back to a river, but Clemmons convinces Tibbs to let him try to reach the mountains, ordering Tibbs to head to the river if he does not return by sunset. Clemmons finds water, but as he ties the barrel onto his camel, a shot rings out. Black Jack exchanges gunfire with Clemmons as the camel runs away. After sundown, the camel reaches Tibbs and his men. The men drink their fill, then realize Clemmons is missing. The next morning, Black Jack realizes Clemmons is out of ammunition. He climbs down the rocks and shoots Clemmons in the chest but as he celebrates, Tibbs and the men capture him. Much to Tibbs's surprise, Clemmons is saved by the book Jennifer gave him; it was inside his jacket and stopped Bad Jack's bullet. Later, Clemmons's troop races past Tucker and his men's exhausted horses outside Dos Rios. As Clemmons celebrates his victory, a telegram arrives from Washington, D.C., reporting that Congress has approved construction of the transcontinental railroad and the camel project is therefore unnecessary. Clemmons is ordered to turn the camels loose, but Tibbs and the men protest, concerned that the camels will perish in the American desert. As Clemmons finishes telling the story to his grandchildren, his wife, Jennifer, announces that dinner is ready. Clemmons goes outside to ring the dinner triangle, but Hi Jolly, Higgins and Tibbs report that one of the camels is in labor. As the four old men walk to the barn, Higgins wonders if they could move the camels closer to the house because he is tired that “each day he must walk a mile for a camel.” Cast James Hampton as Lieutenant Howard Clemmons Christopher Connelly as Sergeant Uriah Tibbs Slim Pickens as Sergeant Naman Tucker Denver Pyle as Colonel Seymour Hawkins Gino Conforti as Hi Jolly Mimi Maynard as Jennifer Hawkins Jack Elam as Bad Jack Cutter Lee de Broux as Fitzgerald Herb Vigran as Smitty Jesse Davis as Mariachi Singer Frank Inn as Frank the Cook Larry Swartz as Corporal LeRoy Mike Travis as Arthur Logan Tiny Wells as Nathaniel R. Higgins Dick Drake as Drake Henry Kendrick as Colonel Randolph Zachary Don Starr as Major Bill Haney Roy Gunsberg as Old Howard Clemmons Cynthia Smith as Granddaughter Rex Janssen as Grandson Catherine Hearne as Zelda Larry Strawbridge as Mayor of Dos Rios James Weir as Private Alvin Wright as Crazy Feathers Lee Tiplitsky as Drunk Joe Camp III as Telegraph Boy Perry Martin as Frontiersman Sheba as Herself Valentine as Herself Richard Lundin as Stage Driver Charles Starkey as Man Benjoe as Benji Tiffany as Herself Robert Elliott as Horse Soldier 1 Chris Frey as Horse Soldier 2 Raymond Kochel as Horse Soldier 3 Bo Spafford as Horse Soldier 4 Jim Spahn as Horse Soldier 5 Bud Stout as Horse Soldier 6 Dale Walker as Horse Soldier 7 See also Camel cavalry Hi Jolly U.S. Camel Corps References External links 1976 films 1976 comedy films 1970s Western (genre) comedy films 1970s adventure comedy films American Western (genre) comedy films American adventure comedy films American children's films Films directed by Joe Camp Films scored by Euel Box Films shot in California Western (genre) cavalry films 1970s English-language films 1970s American films English-language adventure comedy films
The Inot is a right tributary of the river Barcău in Romania. It discharges into the Barcău in Marghita. Its length is and its basin size is . References Rivers of Romania Rivers of Bihor County
Richard Louis Evans (March 23, 1906 – November 1, 1971) was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) (1953–71); the president of Rotary International (1966–67); and the writer, producer, and announcer of Music and the Spoken Word (1929–71). Biography Evans was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. In the late 1920s, he served as a missionary for the LDS Church in the United Kingdom. While on his mission, Evans served as associate editor of the Millennial Star, a periodical published by the mission. He received bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of Utah. There, he joined Pi Kappa Alpha. His master's degree was in economics. Over the years he served on the boards of directors of several companies. In the late 1920s, he took a job with KSL radio as an announcer and script writer. He was also employed as the managing editor of the Improvement Era starting in 1936. He worked with the era for 30 years and eventually became its senior editor. He was also closely involved with the changes that led to the replacement of the Improvement Era with the Ensign, New Era and Friend in 1971. In 1937, Evans' book A Century of "Mormonism" in Great Britain was published with a copyright by Heber J. Grant, as trustee-in-trust for LDS Church. Evans also served for a time as the president of the Temple Square Mission. Evans may have been best known as the announcer for the weekly Mormon Tabernacle Choir radio broadcast, Music and the Spoken Word: every week, he wrote, produced, and announced the radio broadcasts, including a short inspirational message. His involvement in these weekly broadcasts spanned from its inception in 1929 until his death in 1971. Evans' voice was familiar to Latter-day Saints as the narrator of various church productions, most notably Man's Search for Happiness. He also introduced the Salt Lake City choir's contribution to Bing Crosby's annual "Christmas Sing with Bing" radio broadcasts during the 1950s, and is heard on the 1956 Decca LP of the same name, which featured the previous year's "Christmas Sing" edition. Evans served as president of the University of Utah alumni association for three terms and as a member of its board for 12 years. He also served for a time as a member of the Utah State Board of Higher Education. Evans first became a church general authority in 1938 when he was called as a member of the First Council of the Seventy. Evans was ordained an apostle on October 8, 1953, following the death of Albert E. Bowen. Evans was the last LDS Church apostle to have facial hair while in office, wearing a neatly trimmed mustache until the mid-1960s. Evans died at age 65 on November 1, 1971. The vacancy in the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles from his death was filled by Marvin J. Ashton. Evans was buried at Salt Lake City Cemetery. Known for his ability to reach across religious differences, the Richard L. Evans Chair of Religious Understanding at Brigham Young University was created in his honor on November 1, 1972 Published works Notes References 1906 births 1971 deaths American Latter Day Saint writers Apostles (LDS Church) Writers from Salt Lake City Presidents of the Seventy (LDS Church) University of Utah alumni Burials at Salt Lake City Cemetery American general authorities (LDS Church) Rotary International leaders American broadcasters 20th-century American writers People from Salt Lake City Latter Day Saints from Utah Tabernacle Choir
The Finnish pavilion houses Finland's national representation during the Venice Biennale arts festivals. Background Since 2013, the Frame Contemporary Art Finland foundation has commissioned and produced exhibitions for the Finnish pavilion as part of its mission to promote contemporary Finnish art. Organization and building The pavilion, designed by Alvar Aalto, was built between 1955 and 1956. It was later restored by Fredrik Fogh between 1976 and 1982. The building was briefly lent to Iceland following the restoration, but has been used by Finland since. Representation by year Art 2005 — Jaakko Heikkilä 2007 — Maaria Wirkkala 2011 — Vesa-Pekka Rannikko (Curator: Laura Köönikkä) 2013 — Antti Laitinen, Terike Haapoja (Curators: Mika Elo, Marko Karo Harri Laakso) 2015 — IC-98 – Visa Suonpää, Patrik Söderlund (Curator: Taru Elfving) 2017 — Erkka Nissinen, Nathaniel Mellors (Curator: Xander Karskens) 2019 — Miracle Workers Collective 2021 — Pilvi Takala 2024 – Pia Lindman, Vidha Saumya, Jenni-Juulia Wallinheimo-Heimonen (Curators: Yvonne Billimore Jussi Koitela) References Bibliography Further reading External links Finnish art National pavilions
10 Gigabit Attachment Unit Interface (XAUI ) is a standard for extending the XGMII (10 Gigabit Media Independent Interface) between the MAC and PHY layer of 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GbE) defined in Clause 47 of the IEEE 802.3 standard. The name is a concatenation of the Roman numeral X, meaning ten, and the initials of "Attachment Unit Interface". The purpose of the XGMII Extender, which is composed of an XGXS (XGMII Extender Sublayer) at the MAC end, an XGXS at the PHY end and a XAUI between them, is to extend the operational distance of the XGMII and to reduce the number of interface signals. Applications include extending the physical separation possible between MAC and PHY components in a 10 Gigabit Ethernet system distributed across a circuit board. Operation XGMII Extender has the following characteristics: Simple signal mapping to the XGMII Independent transmit and receive data paths Four lanes conveying the XGMII 32-bit data and control Differential signaling with low voltage swing (1600 mVp-p) Self-timed interface allows jitter control to the PCS Shared technology with other 10 Gbit/s interfaces Shared functionality with other 10 Gbit/s Ethernet blocks Utilization of 8b/10b encoding The following is a list of the major concepts of XGXS and XAUI: The optional XGMII Extender can be inserted between the Reconciliation Sublayer and the PHY (physical layer) to transparently extend the physical reach of the XGMII and reduce the interface pin count from 72 to 16. The XGMII is organized into four lanes with each lane conveying a data octet or control character on each edge of the associated clock. The source XGXS converts bytes on an XGMII lane into a self clocked, serial, 8b/10b encoded data stream. Each of the four XGMII lanes is transmitted across one of the four XAUI lanes. The source XGXS converts XGMII Idle control characters (interframe) into an 8b/10b code sequence. The destination XGXS recovers clock and data from each XAUI lane and deskews the four XAUI lanes into the single-clock XGMII. The destination XGXS adds to or deletes from the interframe as needed for clock rate disparity compensation prior to converting the interframe code sequence back into XGMII Idle control characters. The XGXS uses the same code and coding rules as the 10GBASE-X PCS and PMA specified in Clause 48 of the IEEE 802.3 Specification. Each of the 4 Receive and Transmit lanes operates at a rate of 3.125 Gbit/s. Capabilities have been built into XAUI to overcome the inter-lane signal-skewing problems using a type of automatic de-skewing. Signals can be launched at the transmitter end of a XAUI line without precisely matching the routing of the four lanes, and the signals will be automatically de-skewed at the receiver. RXAUI Reduced Pin eXtended Attachment Unit Interface (RXAUI) is a proprietary modification created by Marvell and Dune Networks (later acquired by Broadcom) aimed to increase the port density by decreasing the interface pin count. The four lanes of the standard XAUI running at 3.125 Gbit/s are replaced by two lanes at 6.25 Gbit/s. Thus 16 pins of an integrated circuit (4 transmit + 4 receive differential pairs) can provide either one XAUI port or two RXAUI ports. The specification also defines a XAUI to RXAUI adapter, and provides an implementation as Verilog RTL code. FPGA vendors are offering their own implementations as IP blocks. Applications Intended Use The implementation of XAUI as an optional XGMII Extender is primarily intended as a chip-to-chip (integrated circuit to integrated circuit) interface implemented with traces on a printed circuit board. Where the XGMII is electrically limited to distances of approximately 7 cm, the XGMII Extender allows distances up to approximately 50 cm. Rate of operation The XGMII Extender supports the 10 Gbit/s data rate of the XGMII. The 10 Gbit/s MAC data stream is converted into four lanes at the XGMII (by the Reconciliation Sublayer for transmit or the PHY for receive). The byte stream of each lane is 8b/10b encoded by the XGXS for transmission across the XAUI at a nominal rate of 3.125 gigabaud. The XGXS at the PHY end of the XGMII Extender (PHY XGXS) and the XGXS at the RS end (DTE XGXS) may operate on independent clocks. Allocation of functions The XGMII Extender is transparent to the Reconciliation Sublayer and PHY device, and operates symmetrically with similar functions on the DTE transmit and receive data paths. The XGMII Extender is logically composed of two XGXSs interconnected with a XAUI data path in each direction. One XGXS acts as the source to the XAUI data path in the DTE transmit path and as the destination in the receive path. The other XGXS is the destination in the transmit path and source in the receive path. Each XAUI data path is composed of four serial lanes. All specifications for the XGMII Extender are written assuming conversion from XGMII to XAUI and back to XGMII, but other techniques may be employed provided that the result is that the XGMII Extender operates as if all specified conversions had been made. One example of this is the use of the optional XAUI with the 10GBASE-LX4 8b/10b PHY, where the XGXS interfacing to the Reconciliation Sublayer provides the PCS and PMA functionality required by the PHY. An XGXS layer is not required at the PHY end of the XAUI in this case. However, means may still be required to remove jitter introduced on the XAUI in order to meet PHY jitter requirements. See also Medium Attachment Unit Small form-factor pluggable transceiver Gigabit interface converter List of device bandwidths References External links IEEE Standards' official XAUI documentation Full text of the 802.3 standard Altera's 10Gb Ethernet XAUI Solution Xilinx's 10Gb Ethernet XAUI Solution Snowbush IP XAUI PHYs XAUI interface 10gea whitepaper archived Ethernet
The Olkaria IV Geothermal Power Station is an operational geothermal power plant in Kenya, with installed capacity of . Location The power station is located in the Olkaria area, in Nakuru County, adjacent to Hell's Gate National Park, approximately , southeast of Nakuru, where the county headquarters are located. This is approximately , by road, northwest of Nairobi, the capital and largest city of Kenya. The geographical coordinates of Olkaria IV Geothermal Power Station are 0°55'05.0"S, 36°20'04.0"E (Latitude:-0.918056; Longitude:36.334444). Overview The power station is one of six geothermal power plants currently either operational, under constriction or planned in the Olkaria area in Nakuru County, Kenya. Olkaria I, Olkaria II, Olkaria III and Olkaria IV are operational. Olkaria V is under construction and Olkaria VI is planned for 2021. Olkaria IV Geothermal Power Station was commissioned by Uhuru Kenyatta, the president of Kenya, on 22 October 2014. The power station cost KSh11.5 billion (US$126.5 million) to build, co-financed by the World Bank, the Kenya government and the European Investment Bank. The electromechanical parts were supplied by Hyundai Engineering of South Korea, Toyota Tsusho of Japan, and KEC International of India. A thousand Maasai people were relocated for the project in August 2014. Ownership Olkaria IV Power Station is owned by Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen), whose stock is traded on the Nairobi Stock Exchange, and is 70 per cent owned by the government of Kenya with the remaining 30 percent owned by private institutions and individuals. See also List of power stations in Kenya Geothermal power in Kenya Olkaria III Geothermal Power Station Olkaria V Geothermal Power Station References External links Website of Kenya Electricity Generating Company 2014 establishments in Kenya Geothermal power stations in Kenya Energy infrastructure completed in 2014 Nakuru County
Anwar Hussein (born 1938) is a Tanganyika-born British photo journalist and author. In 2016 he became the longest-serving photographer covering the British royal family and Queen Elizabeth II. Hussein is notable for changing perceptions of royal family through the use of casual photographs instead of formal portrait photography. Two of Hussein's sons went on to become royal photographers, but working independently from Hussein. His photographs have been used by Queen Elizabeth II and the Queen Mother for their Christmas cards. Samir Hussein Amwar Hussein's son Samir Hussein works as a royal photographer. He has won Arts and Entertainment Photographer of the Year at the Picture Editor Awards on three occasions UK Picture Editors' Guild. In 2020 he was crowned Royal Photographer of the Year by the BPPA (British Press Photographers Association). Samir's photography was exhibited, along with his father and brother, in Santa Monica in February 2022. The exhibit featured their photographs of Princess Diana and the Royal Family. The exhibit shared "collections of their original images and the intimate, never-before-told stories behind them. The Husseins collectively spent four decades working side by side with the iconic Princess and her family and will reveal what they witnessed first-hand, both in public and private moments.” References Further reading Charles, Prince of Wales Prince Andrew, Duke of York Pope John Paul II's visit to Ireland Pope John Paul II's visit to France Pope John Paul II's visit to the United Kingdom Prince William, Duke of Cambridge Diana, Princess of Wales. External links Tanzanian emigrants to the United Kingdom 1938 births Living people
Szarnoś is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świecie nad Osą, within Grudziądz County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Świecie nad Osą, east of Grudziądz, and north-east of Toruń. References Villages in Grudziądz County
The 66th season of the Campeonato Gaúcho kicked off on February 16, 1986 and ended on July 20, 1986. Fourteen teams participated. Grêmio won their 24th title. Aimoré and Grêmio Bagé were relegated. Participating teams System The championship would have two stages.: First phase: The fourteen clubs played each other in a double round-robin system. The four best teams in the sum of both rounds qualified into the Final phase, with the winners of each round earning one bonus point, and the two teams with the fewest points were relegated. Final phase: The four remaining teams played each other in a double round-robin system; the team with the most points won the title. Championship First phase First round Second round Final standings Final phase References Campeonato Gaúcho seasons Gaúcho
Bill Newton (1919–1943) was an Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross. Bill Newton may also refer to: Bill Newton (politician) (1934–2015), Australian politician Bill Newton (basketball) (born 1950), American basketball player Bill Newton (footballer) (1875–1941), Australian rules footballer See also William Newton (disambiguation)
The 69th Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army in the Second World War. It was a second-line Territorial Army formation, and fought in the Battle of France with the 23rd (Northumbrian) Division. The brigade was later part of the 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division. It went on to fight in the North African campaign, the Allied invasion of Sicily, the Normandy landings and the North West Europe campaign. Order of Battle First World War 11th Battalion, Prince of Wales's Own (West Yorkshire Regiment) 8th Battalion, Alexandra, Princess of Wales's Own (Yorkshire Regiment) 9th Battalion, Alexandra, Princess of Wales's Own (Yorkshire Regiment) 11th Battalion, Duke of Wellington's (West Riding Regiment) 69th Machine Gun Company, Machine Gun Corps (formed 4 March 1916, moved to 23rd Battalion, Machine Gun Corps 1 April 1918) 69th Trench Mortar Battery (formed 13 June 1916) Order of Battle Second World War 69th Infantry Brigade was constituted as follows during the war: 5th Battalion, East Yorkshire Regiment 6th Battalion, Green Howards 7th Battalion, Green Howards 69th Infantry Brigade Anti-Tank Company (formed 1 September 1940, disbanded 1 January 1941) 69th Infantry Brigade Support Company (from 16 May 1943, left 31 December 1943) Commanders The following officers commanded 69th Infantry Brigade during the war: Brigadier Viscount Downe Brigadier J.A. Barstow Brigadier G.W.E.J. Erskine (later C.O. British 7th Armoured Division) Brigadier L.L. Hassall Brigadier Edward Cunliffe Cooke-Collis Brigadier A.G.B. Stanier North Africa In April 1941 the 69th Brigade, as part of 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division, was dispatched to the Middle East first via Cyprus, Iraq, Syria, Egypt and then into Libya as part of XIII Corps in the British Eighth Army which was one of the best-known formations in the Second World War. Battle of Gazala The "Gazala Line" was a series of occupied "boxes" each of brigade strength set out across the desert with minefields and wire watched by regular patrols between the boxes. The Free French were to the south at the Bir Hakeim box. The line was not equally staffed with a greater number of troops covering the coast leaving the south less protected. By late May Rommel was ready. Facing him on the Gazala defences were 1st South African Division, nearest the coast, 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division (on their left) and 1st Free French Brigade furthest left at Bir Hakeim. The British 1st and 7th Armoured Divisions waited behind the main line as a mobile counter-attacking force while 2nd South African Division formed a garrison at Tobruk and 5th Indian Infantry Division (which had arrived in April to relieve 4th Indian Infantry Division) were held in reserve. The 69th Brigade position at the start of the battle can be seen in the map (right), it was during this battle that their sister brigade the 150th Infantry Brigade was destroyed in its isolated brigade box by the Afrika Corps and never reformed. The 69th Brigade and the remaining units of 50th Northumbrian Division had to escape by attacking west through the enemy lines then sweeping back east to the south of the enemy forces, eventually they reached the El Alamein line by 1 July. El Alamein The Battle of El Alamein is usually divided into five phases, consisting of the break-in (23–24 October), the crumbling (24–25 October), the counter (26–28 October), Operation Supercharge (1–2 November) and the breakout (3–7 November). No name is given to the period from 29 to 30 October when the battle was at a standstill. In the 2nd Battle of El Alamein, 69th Infantry Brigade and 50th (Northumbrian) Division were initially deployed in the south (see map), where it was to attack the Italian 185th Parachute Division Folgore, supported by elements of the British 7th Armoured Division. Since the division was understrength, owing to the loss of the 150th infantry Brigade, the 1st Free French Brigade and 1st Greek Brigade were attached to it for the battle. It was then transferred north to take part in Operation Supercharge. Tunisia Mareth Line The division fought in Tunisia, where Montgomery launched his major attack, Operation Pugilist, against the Mareth Line in the night of 19 March 1943 – 20 March 1943. The 69th Infantry Brigade part of 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division, with difficulty, penetrated the Italian held line near Zarat. The terrain and heavy rain, however, prevented deployment of tanks and anti-tank guns and the 15th Panzer Division's counter-attack on 22 March recaptured much of the bridgehead. Lieutenant Colonel Derek Anthony Seagrim, VC 20/21 March 1943 On 20/21 March 1943 at the Mareth Line, Tunisia, Lieutenant-Colonel Seagrim's courage and leadership led directly to the capture of an important objective. When it appeared that the attack on the position would fail owing to the intensity of the enemy fire, he placed himself at the head of his battalion and led them forward. He personally helped to place a scaling ladder over an anti-tank ditch and was the first across. Leading an attack on two machine-gun posts, he accounted for twenty of the enemy and when a counter-attack was launched next day he moved from post to post quite unperturbed, until it was defeated. Lieutenant-Colonel Seagrim was killed in action shortly afterwards, on 6 April 1943. Soon after, XXX Corps prepared a new attack towards Tallouf. The 4th Indian Infantry Division was detailed to make a night attack on 23 March around the left-hand end of the Line. This would coincide with the wide "left hook" manoeuver Montgomery was planning. Operation Supercharge II, "left hook" outflanking maneuver via the Tebaga Gap. Montgomery reinforced the flanking attack, which on 26 March forced an Axis retreat that was completed by 31 March with the Eighth Army in pursuit. Gabes Both the Eighth Army and the U.S. II Corps continued their attacks over the next week, and eventually the Eighth Army broke the lines and the DAK was forced to abandon Gabes and retreat to join the other Axis forces far to the north. On the night of 5 April, Wadi Akarit, was attacked and the "Tobruk" Battalion of the Italian San Marco Marines, was destroyed, although casualties among the 6th Green Howards had been severe; two senior officers, six senior NCO's and junior officers and one hundred and eighteen other ranks killed. "When we were about ten yards away we had reached the top of the slit trench and we killed any of the survivors," recalled British infantryman Bill Cheall of the 6th Green Howards, who had just seen his section leader shot down by a San Marco Marine. "It was no time for pussy footing, we were intoxicated with rage and had to kill them to pay for our fallen pal." German General Hans-Jürgen von Arnim later said of the San Marco Marines fighting abilities in Tunisia in 1943, that they were "the best soldiers I ever commanded". The Eighth Army's attack along the eastern coast of Tunisia, lead eventually to the surrender of Axis forces in Africa. 250,000 men were taken prisoner, a number equal to that at Stalingrad. Operation Husky , Sicily Invasion After Tunisia the brigade was still part of 50th Northumbrian Infantry Division and was involved in the Sicily landings of July 1943. After Sicily the brigade and the division were recalled from the Eighth Army in Italy to prepare for the invasion of North-West Europe. Gold Beach Gold was the Allied codename for the centre invasion beach during the Second World War Allied Invasion of Normandy, 6 June 1944. It lay between Omaha and Juno, was 8 km wide and divided into four sectors. From West to East they were How, Item, Jig, and King. The 69th Brigade assaulted the east side of Gold, with attached armour support from the 4th/7th Royal Dragoon Guards. Company Sergeant-Major Stanley Hollis of the brigade's Green Howard battalion single handededly captured a pill box. Later in the day, he led an assault to destroy German gun positions. For his action he was awarded the Victoria Cross. He was the only soldier to earn that medal on D-Day. Operation Market Garden Operation Market Garden (17 September 1944 – 25 September 1944) was an Allied military operation in the Second World War in the Netherlands and Germany. The land portion of the operation was Garden, for which the brigade was assigned to in reserve. On 22 September, the 69th Brigade was split in two, when German forces cut the axis of the advance. The next day, the brigade neared Nijmegen and came under German artillery fire. On 26 September, the brigade attempted an aborted assault on Haalderen, and the fighting ran through 27 September. On 30 September, the brigade along with the entire division, were tasked with defending the area north of Nijmegen and were assaulted by 70 tanks and the equivalent of an infantry division. In defense of the brigade's front, 12,500 25-pound shells were fired and B Company, 2nd Cheshire Regiment fired 95,000 machine-gun rounds. References External links https://web.archive.org/web/20071117092536/http://www.greenhowards.org.uk/bill-cheall/cheall05.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20160325024342/http://unithistories.com/units_british/50InfDiv.html Army Reserve (United Kingdom) Infantry brigades of the British Army in World War I Infantry brigades of the British Army in World War II
Salvatore "Sal" "Rocky" Cenicola III (July 13, 1959 – August 31, 2021) was an American former professional boxer, restaurateur and actor. He holds a record in the Guinness Book of World Records for the longest interval between professional boxing matches, (25 years and 66 days) which was set on April 13, 2013, and is a 2012 inductee into the New Jersey Boxing Hall of Fame. Early years Salvatore Cenicola III was born July 13, 1959, at Holy Name Hospital in Teaneck, New Jersey. His parents Salvatore U. Cenicola II and Maria Boccanfuso are both of Italian descent. Cenicola grew up in River Vale, New Jersey, and attended Pascack Valley High School, where he competed in interscholastic wrestling. Cenicola started boxing in 1975 and was trained by amateur trainer Eddie Helbig. In 1976 Cenicola entered and won the New Jersey Golden Gloves championship at 125 lbs. In 1977 he won the Blue and White Gloves NJ State Championship at 125 lbs. And in 1977 he won the AAU State Championship at Featherweight. Also, in 1977 Cenicola did well in National AAU Championships but was disqualified in the Quarter Finals for "Using a professional style in an amateur fight". In 1978 Cenicola enlisted in the U.S. Army where he won the "Outstanding Soldier of the Cycle" for his Basic Training. He would go on to represent the NJ Gladiators/USA Boxing Team in international bouts. Among his most notable wins was against Ireland's Sean Doyle, Ireland's national champion. In 1979, Cenicola began to train with the US Olympic Boxing team. He trained until his left shoulder was injured in February 1980, just 3 weeks before the Olympic Trials team was set to fly to Poland for an exhibition match. Cenicola was taken off of the team because of the injury and never made the trip to Poland. On March 14, 1980, LOT Flight 7, which originated at JFK Airport in New York, NY, crashed in Warsaw, Poland, from engine failure. All 77 passengers and 10 crew members, including many of the USA Olympic Boxing Team, were killed. Professional boxing career In 1982 Cenicola became a professional with his first bout against Gary Gamble at the Sands Casino in Atlantic City, NJ. The fight was televised on ESPN. Cenicola initially was declared the loser of the fight after suffering a cut over his right eye from a clash of heads with Gamble in the second round. The NJ Athletic commission however, overturned the loss two days later and changed it to a "No Contest" result. Cenicola went on to win his next 18 fights in a row, being trained in part by Lou Duva, Chickie Ferrara, Allie Stoltz, Richie Giachetti, Don Turner and Johnnie Torres. Cenicola fought under the promotional banners of Top Rank Boxing, Main Events and Tiger Eye. His most notable win was a hard-fought decision against Robert "Choo Choo" Dixon on September 12, 1986, at the Omni New Daisy Theater in Memphis, Tennessee. Cenicola received a perforated eardrum and a torn retina and received more than 100 stitches for cuts he received during the fight but managed a unanimous decision, taking his record to 18–0 with 11 KO's. He was ranked in the top ten as a lightweight in the world in 1986. After two straight losses to Bryant Paden on August 27, 1987, and to the number one contender Louie Lomeli on February 6, 1988, Cenciola retired at the age of 28 on February 7, 1988. In November 2012 Cenicola announced that he would come out of retirement to fight once again against Nathan Petty of Louisville, KY in a 4-round fight in the Middleweight Division. On April 13, 2013, Cenicola fought against Nathan Petty in a fight sanctioned by the Florida State Athletic Commission on a worldwide webcast broadcast on LDLTV. Cenicola won a 4-round unanimous decision. On January 15, 2014, Sal Cenicola was certified by the Guinness Book of World Records as an official record holder for "The Longest Interval between Professional Boxing matches by a fighter: 25 Years and 66 Days". Cenicola retired again for the second time shortly thereafter. Post fight career Cenicola owned and operated Sal's Neighborhood Pizzeria and Ristorante Italiano in St. Simons Island, GA from 2006 until 2020. Cenicola had also became an actor most recently taking a role in the Ben Affleck movie: Live By Night. Cenicola plays Gangster Lou Orimo. Cenicola was also active in local theatre playing the lead role as Samual Katz in the St. Simons Players Production of The Cemetery Club. In 2017 Cenicola portrayed a police officer in Neil Simon's "Rumors" which is also produced by Island Players in St Simons Island, GA. Personal life Cenicola had two sons: Salvatore IV and Nicholas Cenicola. Cenicola lived in St. Simons Island, GA and died August 31, 2021, in St Simons Island, Georgia. References External links 1959 births 2021 deaths American male boxers Boxers from New Jersey Pascack Valley High School alumni People from River Vale, New Jersey Sportspeople from Teaneck, New Jersey American people of Italian descent World record holders People from St. Simons, Georgia Lightweight boxers
Donald Collins (born November 28, 1958) is an American former professional basketball player. Collins was drafted by the Atlanta Hawks, in the first round (18th pick), of the 1980 NBA draft. Collins played in 303 National Basketball Association (NBA) games for four teams, over six seasons, averaging just under 10 points per game for his career. College career Collins, a 6'6" tall Scott High School standout, was selected as the Pac-10 Player of the Year, after averaging 23 points per game for Washington State University, in 1980 and leading the Cougars to their first NCAA Tournament berth since 1941. In a 2011 story, Cougfan.com recounted Collins' sterling career at Washington State and made the case that he is the greatest player in school history. USBL and CBA Collins starred in basketball minor leagues, averaging more than 30 points per game, in the United States Basketball League (USBL). A member of the Continental Basketball Association (CBA's) 50th Anniversary Team, Collins is regarded as one of the most prolific scorers in the history of minor league basketball. Collins had two 63-point scoring games in the minor leagues, both in 1986: In the CBA, as a member of the Baltimore Lightning, against the Detroit Spirits; and in the USBL, as a member of the Tampa Bay Flash, against the Jersey Jammers. That same year, as a member of the Tampa Bay Thrillers, Collins earned MVP honors at the CBA All-Star Game. Collins and head coach Bill Musselman, led the Thrillers to three consecutive CBA titles. Professional career Collins also spent several seasons playing professionally overseas, in France for CSP Limoges and Rupella La Rochelle, and in Switzerland, for Pully and Cossonay. NBA career statistics Regular season \|- \| align="left" \| 1980–81 \| align="left" \| Atlanta \| 47 \|\| - \|\| 25.2 \|\| .434 \|\| .000 \|\| .846 \|\| 4.0 \|\| 2.4 \|\| 1.5 \|\| 0.2 \|\| 12.7 \|- \| align="left" \| 1980–81 \| align="left" \| Washington \| 34 \|\| - \|\| 19.4 \|\| .463 \|\| .000 \|\| .673 \|\| 2.4 \|\| 2.2 \|\| 1.0 \|\| 0.4 \|\| 9.8 \|- \| align="left" \| 1981–82 \| align="left" \| Washington \| 79 \|\| 18 \|\| 20.4 \|\| .511 \|\| .083 \|\| .716 \|\| 2.5 \|\| 1.9 \|\| 1.1 \|\| 0.3 \|\| 10.0 \|- \| align="left" \| 1982–83 \| align="left" \| Washington \| 65 \|\| 21 \|\| 24.2 \|\| .523 \|\| .000 \|\| .743 \|\| 3.2 \|\| 2.0 \|\| 1.3 \|\| 0.5 \|\| 11.8 \|- \| align="left" \| 1983–84 \| align="left" \| Golden State \| 61 \|\| 6 \|\| 15.7 \|\| .483 \|\| .200 \|\| .730 \|\| 2.1 \|\| 1.1 \|\| 0.7 \|\| 0.2 \|\| 7.2 \|- \| align="left" \| 1984–85 \| align="left" \| Washington \| 11 \|\| 0 \|\| 8.3 \|\| .353 \|\| .000 \|\| .889 \|\| 1.7 \|\| 0.6 \|\| 0.6 \|\| 0.4 \|\| 2.9 \|- \| align="left" \| 1986–87 \| align="left" \| Milwaukee \| 6 \|\| 0 \|\| 9.5 \|\| .357 \|\| .000 \|\| .714 \|\| 2.5 \|\| 0.3 \|\| 0.3 \|\| 0.2 \|\| 4.2 \|- class="sortbottom" \| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"\| Career \| 303 \|\| 45 \|\| 20.2 \|\| .485 \|\| .069 \|\| .749 \|\| 2.8 \|\| 1.8 \|\| 1.1 \|\| 0.3 \|\| 9.8 \|} Playoffs \|- \| align="left" \| 1981–82 \| align="left" \| Washington \| 7 \|\| - \|\| 21.3 \|\| .432 \|\| - \|\| .714 \|\| 3.1 \|\| 0.9 \|\| 0.6 \|\| 0.1 \|\| 6.1 \|- \| align="left" \| 1984–85 \| align="left" \| Washington \| 1 \|\| 0 \|\| 2.0 \|\| .000 \|\| .000 \|\| .000 \|\| 0.0 \|\| 0.0 \|\| 0.0 \|\| 0.0 \|\| 0.0 \|- class="sortbottom" \| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"\| Career \| 8 \|\| 0 \|\| 18.9 \|\| .432 \|\| .000 \|\| .714 \|\| 2.8 \|\| 0.8 \|\| 0.5 \|\| 0.1 \|\| 5.4 \|} References External links Don-Collins.fr 1958 births Living people All-American college men's basketball players American expatriate basketball people in France American men's basketball players Atlanta Hawks draft picks Atlanta Hawks players Baltimore Lightning players Golden State Warriors players Lancaster Lightning players Limoges CSP players Milwaukee Bucks players Rapid City Thrillers players Basketball players from Toledo, Ohio Tampa Bay Thrillers players Washington Bullets players Washington State Cougars men's basketball players Small forwards Shooting guards United States Basketball League players American expatriate basketball people in the Philippines Philippine Basketball Association imports San Miguel Beermen players
Liu Jiao may refer to: Liu Jiao (prince) (died 178 BC), Prince of Chu during the Chinese Han Dynasty Liu Jiao (diver), Chinese female diver
Women's cricket is the team sport of cricket when played by women. Its rules are almost identical to those in the game played by men, the main change being the use of a smaller ball. Women's cricket is beginning to be played at professional level in 11 of the 12 full members of the International Cricket Council (ICC), and is played worldwide, especially in Commonwealth nations. The first recorded cricket match between women was held in England on 26 July 1745. The game continued to be played socially by women until clubs for women were formed in the late 1800s. In 1926, the creation of the Women's Cricket Association (WCA) in England began the process of formalising the game and organising international matches. Like many women's sports, the further development of women's cricket was hampered by sexism and a lack of structural support. Although women have historically played Test cricket and first class cricket, the focus of the women's game in the last 50 years has been mostly on limited overs cricket. The invention of Twenty20 cricket (T20) in 2003 created more opportunities for the growth of the women's game. As well as competing against each other in tours, national teams also compete in several tournaments, including the Cricket World Cup and the T20 World Cup. Women's cricket has also been part of several multi-sport events. In domestic cricket, many countries have T20 cricket and List A cricket competitions that are run either alongside or separately from men's competitions. Grass roots cricket is growing, especially in England and Australia, although many barriers still remain. Cricket boards often organise competitions that use new formats that are intended to appeal to women. Cricket for women with disabilities is also growing, especially in South Asia. History The first recorded cricket match between women was reported in The Reading Mercury on 26 July 1745; the match was contested "between eleven maids of Bramley and eleven maids of Hambledon, all dressed in white". The first known women's cricket club the White Heather Club was formed in 1887 in Yorkshire. Three years later, a team known as the Original English Lady Cricketers toured England, reportedly making substantial profits before the manager absconded with the money. In Australia, a women's cricket league was set up in 1894 and Port Elizabeth, South Africa, had a women's cricket team named the Pioneers Cricket Club. In Canada, a women's cricket team in Victoria played at Beacon Hill Park. In India, cricket teams for women existed as early as the 1920s. Delhi Ladies Cricket Club beat the men's Marylebone Cricket Club in a half-day game on their 1926–27 tour of India, one of the only matches they lost on the tour. Because it was a women's team, the game is omitted from records of the tour. During the 1950s and 1960s, cricket was strongest in the urban centres Chennai, Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata. The most-notable club in this period is Albees in Mumbai; many Albees players were female family members of prominent men's Test cricketers. In 1958, the International Women's Cricket Council (IWCC) was formed to co-ordinate women's cricket around the world, taking over from the English Women's Cricket Association (WCA), which had been working in a de facto role since its creation 32 years earlier. In 2005, the IWCC was merged with the International Cricket Council (ICC) to form a unified body to manage and develop cricket. Laws and gameplay Language Much of the language of cricket is heavily gendered; terms such as maiden over, nightwatchman, and third man are not officially sanctioned but remain in colloquial use. In 2021, the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) amended the rulebook, the Laws of Cricket, to replace the term "batsman" with the term "batter" to better reflect the modern game. There was some derision in parts of the cricketing and wider press but others responded that the term "batter" had been in widespread use through much of the 18th and 19th centuries. Rule modifications In The Laws of Cricket, the only explicit difference between men's and women's cricket is the ball size. According to The Laws of Cricket: For comparison, the ball in the men's game should weigh between , and be between in circumference. Many tournaments and forms of cricket, however, have additional differences in rules between women's and men's games. Test cricket In the 2023 ICC rules, the main differences from the men's games are: Three umpires are sufficient in many cases, and they may be appointed by the Home Board (i.e., the country hosting the game). This is to increase the number of women umpires at the highest level. In the men's game, all four umpires must be appointed by the ICC from their list of Elite Umpires. Except for on the last day, play must continue until a minimum of 100 overs, or 17 overs per hour, have been completed. For the men's game, the minimum is 90 overs total or 15 per hour. On the last day, 83 overs (17 overs per hour) must be completed. The men's game mandates 75 overs (15 per hour). If play is delayed, e.g. because of rain, the minimum overs are reduced by one for each 3.52 minutes lost whereas in the men's game, the reduction is one over per four minutes of delay. Follow-on can be enforced with a lead of 150 runs. In a men's Test, the lead needed for a follow-on is 200 runs. Boundaries must not be "longer than 70 yards (64 metres), and no boundary should be shorter than 60 yards (54.86 metres) from the centre of the pitch". The boundaries in the men's game are larger with a minimum of 65 yards (59.43 metres) and a maximum of 90 yards (82.29 metres). A fielder who is absent for more than eight minutes may be penalised no more than 110 minutes. The maximum time penalty in the men's game is 120 minutes. One Day International cricket By the June 2023 ICC rules for One Day International (ODI) matches, the main differences are: Umpires may be local, i.e., not from an impartial third country. The innings break can be between 30 and 45 minutes whereas in the men's game, any interval may be no longer than 30 minutes. The two drinks breaks are only 60 minutes apart instead of 70 minutes in the men's game. For a women's ODI, the game is expected to be two sessions of three hours and ten minutes with an over rate of 15.79 overs per hour. In the men's game, each session is expected to be three-and-a-half hours with an over rate of 14.28 per hour. As in Test cricket, the boundaries must be between 60 yards (54.86 metres) and 70 yards (64 metres). The same difference in penalty times for a fielder as in Test cricket. The infield is set at 25.15 yards (23 metres), whereas it is 30 yards (27.43 meters) for men. There's one powerplay that is identical to the men's first powerplay (10 overs with only 2 fielders in the outfield). After that, only four fielders are allowed in the outfield. Unlike the men's game, a women's ODI does not have a third powerplay with an additional fielder in the outfield. If the duration of the game is reduced, for example due to rain, the method of calculating the number of overs in the powerplay is slightly different between the two games. Twenty20 International cricket By the June 2023 ICC rules, the main differences are: As with Test and ODI cricket, umpires may be local (i.e. not from an impartial third country). Intervals between innings are 15 minutes long compared to 20 minutes in a men's T20 match. The expectation is each session of a match will be of 75 minutes with a minimum over rate of 16 overs per hour. In the men's game, an over rate of 14.11 per hour is expected and each session is of 85 minutes. The boundaries are again set at between 60 yards (54.86 metres) and 70 yards (64 meters). Penalty time for a fielder absent from the field of play for more than eight minutes is a maximum of 35 minutes and for the men it is 40 minutes. The infield is set at 25.15 yards (23 metres) and is set at 30 yards (27.43 metres) for men. For overs that are not part of the powerplay, four fielders are permitted in the outfield whereas men are permitted five fielders. Clothing and equipment Initially, like men, women played cricket in clothes that were similar to their everyday wear. With changes in womenswear in the late Victorian period, clothes for middle-and-upper-class women to undertake physical activity became more available. The Rational Dress Society had an outfit for cricket in its 1883 catalogue. During the interwar period, women's sportswear became more available and the Women's Cricket Association (WCA) encountered something they named "the clothing problem". The debate about what women should wear when playing cricket was intense; a debate about it can be found in the minutes of every Annual General Meeting of the WCA from its foundation until its last AGM before World War II. There was tension between the needs of female players who wished to wear comfortable, practical clothing, and the need to appear as "respectable" women to the public and to the male establishment who owned the cricket grounds. There was also anxiety about women cross-dressing and the need to maintain gender roles while playing sport. Photographs in the British press in the early 20th century often showed women playing cricket with bare legs and in bathing costumes but most played in more-practical clothing. Rules about women playing in white dresses and skirts were imposed on high-level women's cricket but in local games, it was common to play in flannels of any colour. Following England's first tour of Australia and New Zealand, the England, Australia and New Zealand teams adopted the white divided skirts as part of their uniforms. England continued to play in skirts until 1997. Diving for the ball in a skirt risked injury and friction burns. The move to trousers eliminated this danger for women players, and the tan lines between the bottom of the skirts and the socks. The New Zealand team were given a sewing pattern and fabric, and were expected to make their uniforms or have them made. According to the 2023 ICC rules, the rules on men's and women's attire in international cricket are identical. The only gender-specific clothing rule allows cricketers to wear hijab in ICC events provided it does not obscure any logos and names on the playing uniform. For Test matches, scarves must be black or white but for ODIs and T20s, they can be black or the same colour as the team cap but they cannot be white. Appropriate equipment has long been an issue for women in cricket. Players have often had to use poorly fitting small men's or juniors equipment, which impeded performance. England wicket keeper Betty Snowball avoided this problem by having her gloves and pads custom made. Many women players prefer smaller, lighter bats. Labeling of equipment has been exclusionary; equipment for children has been labelled as "boys" but this has begun to change. Present and former cricketers, such as Lydia Greenway, Ellyse Perry and Heather Knight, have been involved with leading changes in the design of equipment for women. The brands Kookaburra, SM Cricket, Viking, Gray-Nicolls and JPGavan all now produce equipment intended for women. The brands NEXX and Lacuna Sports have been launched in the UK to provide clothing and equipment to women who play cricket. International cricket Women's cricket has been played internationally since the inaugural women's Test match between England's and Australia's women's teams in December 1934. The following year, New Zealand joined them. in 2007 Netherlands became the tenth women's Test nation in their debut against South Africa. A total of 145 women's Test matches have been played. Women's One Day Internationals (ODIs) were introduced in 1973 at the inaugural Women's Cricket World Cup. The 1,000th women's ODI took place in 2016. Australia has dominated the format, having claimed the World Cup six times and won 80% of their matches. In 2004, a shorter-still format, the Twenty20 International (T20I) was introduced; matches are restricted to twenty overs per side. Initially, women's T20 cricket was played little at international level; four matches were played by the end of 2006. The following three years saw a rapid growth in women's T20 Internationals; six matches were played in 2007, ten in 2008 and thirty in 2009, which also saw the first ICC Women's World Twenty20. In April 2018, the ICC granted its members full women's T20 International status. In November 2021, the ICC retrospectively applied first-class and List A status to women's cricket, aligning it with the men's game. In July 2023, the ICC announced equal prize money will be available for ICC global events, meaning future Women's Cricket World Cup and Women's T20 World Cup competitions will have the same prizes for winners and runners up as male competitions. International rankings The ICC maintains rankings of the 13 teams with ODI status and all teams who play T20I matches. , Australia top both tables. The ICC also maintains individual player rankings in ODI and T20I based on batting, bowling and all-round performance. Series trophies The men's game has a long history of perpetual trophies but there are two only in women's cricket: The Women's Ashes and The Rose Bowl. In 1998, the Women's Cricket Association (WCA) created a set of Ashes to be contested by Australia and England. The Australia and England men's teams play for their own set of Ashes. In 2013, it changed from being a Test series to a series of ODIs, T20Is and a Test to better reflect the formats of cricket women regularly play. The Rose Bowl is an ODI series played between Australia and New Zealand, and has been contested since the 1984–85 season, the most-recent being in 2020. Before the start of the 2023–24 series, the Pakistan captain Nida Dar and South Africa captain Laura Wolvaardt revealed an as-yet-unnamed new trophy for their teams to contest. Tournaments Asia Cup The Asia Cup began in 2004 as an ODI competition between members of the Asian Cricket Council (ACC). It initially ran every two years until 2008, then reformed in 2012 as a T20 tournament. The ACC intend to continue to run in it biannually, although on several occasions it has run every four years. The change to T20 cricket allowed the ACC to include more Associate nations in the tournament. Cricket World Cup The first ever Cricket World Cup was the Women's Cricket World Cup organised in 1973 by the WCA; it was based on an idea of cricketer Rachael Heyhoe Flint and businessman Jack Hayward. After the success of the Women's Cricket World Cup, the men's tournament took place two years later. Seven teams competed in the inaugural tournament, which took place in England over five-and-a-half weeks. Each ODI match was 60 overs and every team played each other in a round-robin league format. Subsequent tournaments were hampered by lack of funds for women's teams, meaning their scheduling was inconsistent for many years. The 1997 World Cup was the first to be played with 50 overs and a knock-out stage. Since the inaugural tournament, there have been 12 World Cups with the 13th planned for 2025 in India. European Cricket Championship Kwibuka T20 Tournament Originally called the "Kwibuka Cricket for Peace Women’s T20 Tournament", the Kwibuka T20 Tournament is an annual T20 tournament that is played in Rwanda. It was founded in 2014 to mark the 20th anniversary of the Rwandan genocide and to promote peace through cricket. It is unusual among women's tournaments because there is no male equivalent. African nations including Botswana, Kenya, Namibia, Nigeria, Tanzania and Uganda, and the hosts Rwanda compete in the tournament. The Brazilian and German teams have also taken part. The word 'Kwibuka' means "to remember" in Kinyarwanda, the Rwandan national language, and is the title of annual commemorations of the genocide. T20 World Cup At multi-sport events Following the introduction of T20 cricket, cricket has been included at several multi-sport events; the women's game is often added after the successful establishment of a men's tournament. , five different major games have held women's cricket medal events; a sixth – the African Games – is scheduled for early 2024 and a seventh – the Olympics – is scheduled for 2028. African Games The 2023 African Games in Accra, Ghana will mark the game's debut in the African Games. Asian Games Cricket made its debut at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China, with men's and women's T20 cricket matches. It returned for the 2014 Asian Games Cricket was removed from the 2018 Asian Games to reduce the burden on the Indonesian organisers. The 2022 Asian Games were delayed because of the COVID-19 pandemic but cricket returned when the Games were held in September 2023. Eight teams competed, including India who sent a team to the games for the first time and went home with their first gold medal. Commonwealth Games In August 2019, the Commonwealth Games Foundation announced the addition of women's cricket to the 2022 Commonwealth Games. The matches were held at Edgbaston, and included eight teams competing in a T20 format during July and August 2022. Only a women's tournament was part of the Games. Olympic Games Women's cricket has never been included in the Olympic Games. There was hope T20 cricket would be included in the 2028 Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles. It was on the shortlist for inclusion but was not chosen for the 28-sport provisional list, making its inclusion unlikely. The ultimate decision was be made in October 2023 at a meeting of the International Olympic Committee Executive board by the nod of inclusion of cricket in 2028. With the 2032 Summer Olympic Games being hosted in Brisbane, Australia, the governing body Cricket Australia have also have noted their intention to have the game included. Pacific Games Men's cricket has been part of the Pacific Games since 1979 and a women's competition was introduced for the 2015 Pacific Games in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. It appeared again at the 2019 Pacific Games but was dropped for the 2023 games. South Asian Games Women's cricket made its debut at the 2019 South Asian Games in Pokhara, Nepal, in the T20 format. The Maldives set one of the lowest scores in International Women's Cricket, all out for 8 runs. Southeast Asian Games Cricket made its debut at the 2017 Southeast Asian Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It did not appear in another Southeast Asian Games until the 2023 Games. Unusually among modern multi-sport events, the SEA Games do not keep to just the T20 format. For the 2017 tournament, women only played T20 but for the 2023 tournament they competed in 6s, T10, T20 and 50-over competitions and each had medals available. Domestic The majority of high-level women's domestic cricket in ICC Full Member countries consists of 50-over and Twenty20 competitions. Afghanistan Since the 2021 Taliban offensive and the Fall of Kabul in 2021, cricket for women is in practice banned due to the Taliban's policies on women. Australia Eight state-based teams play 50-over cricket in the Women's National Cricket League, which has run since the 1996–97 season. Since the 2015–16 season, eight city-based franchises have played T20 cricket in the Women's Big Bash League. Bangladesh The Bangladesh Women's National Cricket League has been played variously as a 50-over and a Twenty20 competition. England Eight regional teams compete in the 50-over Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy and the Twenty20 Charlotte Edwards Cup, while eight city-based teams compete in The Hundred, a 100-ball cricket competition. The English counties play in the Women's Twenty20 Cup. Previously, the English counties played in the Women's County Championship, while six semi-professional teams played in the Women's Cricket Super League. To grow women's participation in the game, including those who have never played cricket, in 2017, the England and Wales Cricket Board created a format called softball cricket. It uses a modified scoring system, has 6-to-8 players per team and lasts just over a hour. It has a more-relaxed playing style than hardball cricket; for example underarm bowling is allowed and more-complicated rules such as leg before wicket are not included. Conventional cricket played by women is occasionally called "women's hardball cricket" to distinguish it from softball cricket. India Several domestic women's cricket competitions exist in India. State teams play for the 50-over Women's Senior One Day Trophy and the Women's Senior T20 Trophy, while composite teams play for the 50-over Senior Women's Challenger Trophy and the Women's Senior T20 Challenger Trophy. Domestic first-class women's cricket was last played in India in the form of the Senior Women's Cricket Inter Zonal Three Day Game, which ended after the 2017–18 season. In 2018, women's franchise cricket in India began with the Women's T20 Challenge, which began as a two-team competition. The following year, the competition was expanded to a three-team tournament. The Women's Premier League, a five-team franchise T20 competition, was created in 2023 to replace the T20 Challenge. Ireland The Women's Super Series in Ireland in contested by three teams. From 2021, the competition has been split into separate 50-over and Twenty20 sections. New Zealand Six regional-based teams compete in the 50-over Hallyburton Johnstone Shield, which has existed since the 1935–36 season, and the Twenty20 Super Smash, which began in the 2007–08 season. Pakistan The 50-over Pakistan Women's One Day Cup has run since the 2017–18 season while the PCB Women's Twenty20 Tournament began in the 2019–20 season. Previously, state and departmental teams competed in the National Women's Cricket Championship, the Women's Cricket Challenge Trophy and the Departmental T20 Women's Championship. South Africa Provincial teams play in the 50-over CSA Women's Provincial Programme, previously the CSA Women's Provincial One-Day Tournament, which has run since the 1995–96 season, and in the CSA Women's Provincial T20 Competition. which began during the 2012–13 season. Since 2019, composite teams have played in the Women's T20 Super League. In August 2023, Cricket South Africa announced a new structure for domestic cricket. It will be composed of six teams that will have increased funding to professionally contract more players and hire full-time coaching staff. Sri Lanka The 50-over competition is the Sri Lanka Women's Division One Tournament. Several Twenty20 competitions have taken place, including the Super Provincial T20 Tournament and the Super 4 Twenty20 Competition. West Indies The nations that make up the West Indies have competed in the Women's Super50 Cup since 1975 and in the Women's Twenty20 Blaze since 2012. In 2022, Cricket West Indies and the Caribbean Premier League jointly launched two women's competitions: a T10 cricket competition called The 6ixty and the Women's Caribbean Premier League, both with three teams that are aligned with men's sides. The 6ixty was partly inspired by the women's exhibition T10 matches that were played just before the 2019 Caribbean Premier League playoff matches. Zimbabwe The 50-over competition is the Fifty50 Challenge and the Twenty20 competition is the Women's T20 Cup, both of which are competed for by four teams that are aligned with men's sides. Disability cricket Blind cricket Women are known to have playinged blind cricket in Australia since at least the 1940s, when they competed with and against men. England and Nepal have had women's international teams since at least November 2014, when Nepal beat England 3-0 in a three game series. In 2018, England toured the West Indies and won the series 4-1. The first international series played in Pakistan was held in January and February 2019. The Pakistan Blind Cricket Council formed a national women's team in 2018 that played the Nepalese blind women's team in five T20 games. The Pakistani team were publicly supported by Sana Mir and other professional cricketers. Nepal won the series 4-0. In 2019, the Cricket Association for the Blind in India created a blind cricket league for women consisting of teams from seven states. Odisha won the inaugural tournament, beating Karnataka 218/8 (20.0) to Karnataka's 131/8 (20.0). The 2020 and 2021 tournaments were cancelled because of the COVID-19 pandemic. It expanded to 14 states for the 2022 tournament, which was won by Karnataka. The 2023 tournament had 18 teams. Odisha regained the title. India formed a national team in 2020 but had to cancel its intended 2021 tour of England because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Their first tour was in Nepal in April 2023. Nepal won that series 3–1. The 2023 IBSA World Games in Birmingham, England, included cricket for the first time and India was the first country to announce it would be sending a team. England and Australia also sent teams to the Games; it was the Australian team's international debut. The Pakistani team was unable to participate due to lack of funds. India was the first team to reach the finals by winning their first three matches and won all four matches of their group games. Australia won the other place with a higher net run rate than England. India beat Australia in the final and were publicly praised by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Records Cricket values records and statistics. Women's records have often been overlooked, especially when a women's record precedes or exceeds a men's record. For example, Belinda Clark made the first double century in ODI cricket in the 1997 World Cup, 23 years earlier than Sachin Tendulkar's 200* in 2010. Betty Wilson became the first player to score a century and take ten wickets in a Test match in 1958. Ian Botham did not achieve this until 1980. Test cricket Among Test nations, Australia holds the record for the most wins, having won 21 of their 77 Test matches. The all-time-leading women's Test batter is Denise Annetts of Australia with a Test batting average 81.90. , she is third behind Don Bradman's famous 99.94 and Saud Shakeel's current 87.50. The player with the highest bowling average is Australian Betty Wilson with an average of 11.80. This puts her second to the 10.75 of George Lohmann. ODI cricket International T20 cricket Other records See also Lists of women Test cricketers Lists of women One Day International cricketers Lists of women Twenty20 International cricketers ICC Women's Player Rankings Notes References Cricket
CFNR-FM is a Canadian radio station based in Terrace, British Columbia, owned and operated by Northern Native Broadcasting (Terrace). The station operates at 92.1 FM from the station headquarters in Terrace. The programming reflects and is broadcast to over 70 First Nations communities in northern and central British Columbia and has an audience of over 150,000 listeners. Programming of CFNR-FM is distributed to numerous repeater stations in the region. The station describes its music programming as classic rock format. Programming includes cultural events such as the Hobiyee celebrations in Vancouver and Nisga'a territory, National Indigenous Peoples Day, and cultural sports broadcasts such as the annual All-Native Tournament and the Junior all Native Basketball Tournaments. History CFNR received approval on July 20, 1992, Northern Native Broadcasting was granted a licence for an English-language and Native-language station at Terrace. The same year, CFNR received approval to operate a number of transmitters in northern British Columbia. In 1993, CFNR received approval to add more transmitters. In 1994, CFNR received approval to add a transmitter at Terrace. On June 14, 2017, the CRTC granted CFNR's owner, Northern Native Broadcasting (Terrace), a license to operate a station in Vancouver at 106.3 MHz FM to serve the urban Indigenous population in that city. The frequency was previously licensed to Aboriginal Voices Radio Network which had its license revoked in 2015 for non-compliance issues. The station's call letters will be CJNY-FM. Locations Communities in which CFNR-FM is broadcast, with their FM frequencies (in MHz) and call sign (where known): On August 7, 2009, CFNR-FM applied to the CRTC to add a transmitter at Hazelton/Seely Mountain at 96.1 MHz. This application was approved on December 14, 2009. On October 25, 2013, CFNR-FM received approval to change the authorized contours of VF2073 Quesnel by increasing the transmitter's average effective radiated power from 1.6 to 6.5 watts (non-directional antenna) and the effective height of antenna above average terrain from 81 to 236.2 metres, and by relocating the transmitter site. The change in site was due to frequent vandalism acts committed on the site, which resulted in violations that occurred beyond the station's control, such as the transmitter broadcasting an empty carrier. On May 21, 2015, CFNR-FM received approval to operate a low-power FM rebroadcasting transmitter at Fort Nelson at 96.1 MHz with an effective radiated power (ERP) of 8 watts (non-directional antenna with an effective height of antenna above average terrain (EHAAT) of 36.7 metres). On December 8, 2015, CFNR-FM received approval to operate a low-power FM rebroadcasting transmitter at Hartley Bay at 96.1 MHz with an effective radiated power (ERP) of 8 watts (non-directional antenna with an effective height of antenna above average terrain (EHAAT) of -66.8 metres). Future transmitters Metlakatla - 98.1 MHz Toosey Indian Reserve - 96.1 MHz References External links CFNR-FM Fnr Fnr Fnr Radio stations established in 1992 1992 establishments in British Columbia
Kis Ki Aayegi Baraat or Baraat Series is a Pakistani comedy television series developed by Marina Khan and Nadeem Baig for Geo Entertainment. It is loosely based on the marriage ceremonies that take place in Punjabi families in Punjab, and stars Bushra Ansari as a comical woman named Saima Chaudhry along with Saba Hameed, Jawed Sheikh, and Shehryar Zaidi. The series received generally positive reviews from critics. The comedy series started with its first serial Azar Ki Ayegi Baraat which premiered on 30 November 2009. It was followed by Dolly Ki Ayegi Baraat in 2010, Takkay Ki Ayegi Baraat in 2011, and Annie Ki Ayegi Baraat in 2012. After that, the series was stopped. The series was also telecast on the Indian channel Zindagi starting in 2015. Cast and characters Despite the addition of some new characters in every new season, some of the actors along with characters appeared in all seasons of the series, which include: Bushra Ansari as Saima Chaudhry Jawed Sheikh as Faraz Ahmed Saba Hameed as Rabia Ahmed Samina Ahmad as Mehrunnisa Shehryar Zaidi as Chaudhry Nazeer Ahmed Natasha Ali as Dolly Uroosa Siddiqui as Sukaina (Sukhi) Raheel Butt as Nabeel Sana Askari as Laila Chaudhry Asad Siddiqui as Vicky Chaudhry Azar Ki Ayegi Baraat Hassan Niazi as Azar Sarwat Gilani as Sila Chaudhry Dolly Ki Ayegi Baraat Ayesha Omar as Sila Chaudhry Ali Safina as Mustaq (Takkay) Takkay Ki Ayegi Baraat Alishba Yousuf as Sila Chaudhry Ali Safina as Mustaq (Takkay) Azra Mohyeddin as Mehr's friend Ahsan Khan as Azar Bindiya as Sukaina's mother Huma Hameed as Arfa Annie Ki Ayegi Baraat Naveen Waqar as Annie Shahzad Sheikh as Mikaal Alishba Yousuf as Sila Chaudhry Ali Safina as Mushtaq (Takkay) Ahsan Khan as Azar Hina Dilpazeer as Billo Farry Dharalla Vasay Chaudhry as Bobby D Huma Hameed as Arfa Development and production After the success of Azar Ki Ayegi Baraat, Evernew Productions produced its sequel Dolly Ki Ayegi Baraat. This time Vasay Chaudhry was the co-writer with Bushra Ansari. It was the first time that Vasay had written a script for any series. The character of Sila was replaced by Ayesha Omar in this series. In August 2018, news came out that Bushra Ansari had offered to write the script of the next season of the series. Mrs. Chaudhary ka Tarka, a cooking show inspired by Baraat Series, was released in Ramadan 2021. Spinoff Mrs. Chaudhary Ka Tarka In Ramadan 2021, the channel launched a cooking show featuring the character of Saima Chaudhry as a host, inviting the characters from the series as guests in each episode. The show was produced by Humayun Saeed, Hassaan Azhar, and Shehzad Nasib and was directed by Nadeem Baig. The executive producers of the show are Nadeem Baig and Irfan Malik. It was aired in the afternoon having 20-minute episodes. References 2008 Pakistani television series debuts 2012 Pakistani television series endings Urdu-language television shows Pakistani comedy television series Punjabi-language television shows
The Chamber of Deputies () is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. The chamber comprises 513 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms. The current President of the Chamber is the Deputy Arthur Lira (PP-AL), who was elected on 1 February 2021. Structure The number of deputies elected is proportional to the size of the population of the respective state (or of the Federal District) as of 1994. However, no delegation can be made up of less than eight or more than seventy seats. Thus the least populous state elects eight federal deputies and the most populous elects seventy. These restrictions favour the smaller states at the expense of the more populous states and so the size of the delegations is not exactly proportional to population. Elections to the Chamber of Deputies are held every four years, with all seats up for election. Federal representation A census held every 10 years by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics is used as the basis for the distribution of the seats. Proportionality is followed as a principle, with the exception that there should be a minimum of eight (8) members and a maximum of seventy (70) members per state. Per the 2010 census, states with 3,258,117 inhabitants upwards have 9 to 70 deputies. As a result, although most states hover around an average of 362,013 inhabitants by deputy (per the 2010 census), some states with smaller populations have a much lower average, such as Roraima (1 for 51,000 inhabitants). Present composition Partisan blocs composition Partisan bloc leadership is organized into the following roles: Government Leader: elected by members of the party of the Cabinet in the Chamber to speak on behalf of the cabinet Majority Leader: elected by the leaders of the majority bloc in the Chamber, usually in support of the Cabinet Opposition Leader: elected by the members of the largest party in opposition to the Cabinet Minority Leader: elected by the leaders of the minority bloc, usually in opposition to the Cabinet Bodies The House of Deputies is composed of the Bureau of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil by College Leaders and the Commissions, which can be permanent, temporary, or special inquiry. Bureau of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil The current composition of the Board of the Chamber of Deputies is the following: President: Arthur Lira (PP-AL) 1st Vice President: Marcos Pereira (Republicanos-SP) 2nd Vice President: Sóstenes Cavalcante (PL-RJ) 1st Secretary: Luciano Bivar (UNIÃO-PE) 2nd Secretary: Maria do Rosário (PT-RS) 3rd Secretary: Júlio Cesar (PSD-PI) 4th Secretary: Lucio Mosquini (MDB-RO) 1st Substitute: Gilberto Nascimento (PSC-SP) 2nd Substitute: Pompeo de Mattos (PDT-RS) 3rd Substitute: Beto Pereira (PSDB-MS) 4th Substitute: André Ferreira (PL-PE) Standing committees On 6 March 2012, was defined division of committees between parties. The House President, Marco Maia, believes that the proportionality between the parties / blocs must take into account the data of the last election. Thus, PT and PMDB, with the highest benches, were three committees (the PT made the choice first). DEM and PSDB, the two largest opposition, were two commissions each. On the other hand, PSD, most harmed by this decision, filed a lawsuit in the Supreme Court (STF) trying to reverse this decision. The chair of the committee, was defined as follows: See also Federal institutions of Brazil 57th Legislature of the National Congress National Congress of Brazil Federal Senate References External links Official website of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil Chamber of Deputies' e-Democracy Photo 360° of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil List of all the presidents of the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies 1826 establishments in Brazil Legislative branch of Brazil Brazil
Hendrik "Henk" Elzerman (born 18 September 1958) is a former freestyle swimmer from the Netherlands, who competed for his native country at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. There he was eliminated in the qualifying heats of the 400 m and 1500 m freestyle. As a member of the Dutch Relay Team, he finished in sixth position (7:42.56) of the 4 × 200 m freestyle. Both his elder sister Josien and brother Hans were international competitive swimmers, who represented the Netherlands at the 1972 Summer Olympics. Between 1975 and 1977 he set more than 20 national records in the 200–1500 m freestyle events. References 1958 births Living people Dutch male freestyle swimmers Olympic swimmers for the Netherlands Swimmers from The Hague Swimmers at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Webber Nunatak is a nunatak (495 m) standing 6 nautical miles (11 km) west of Mount Manthe in the Hudson Mountains. It was mapped using air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, which took place during 1946 and 1947, and named in 1967 by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for George E. Webber, an electrical engineer at Byrd Station. Webber Nunatak is one of several volcanic cones in the Hudson Mountains. Satellite imagery suggested an eruption at Webber Nunatak in 1985, although this remains unconfirmed. References Hudson Mountains Nunataks of Ellsworth Land Volcanoes of Ellsworth Land
Warlencourt-Eaucourt (; ) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France. Geography Warlencourt-Eaucourt is situated some south of Arras, at the junction of the D929 and the D10E roads. Population Places of interest The church of St. Pierre, rebuilt, along with the rest of the village, after World War I. The Warlencourt British Cemetery, in which over 3,000 soldiers who died during World War I are buried. The war memorials: A pyramid with a Catholic cross on the Rue du Calvaire. Erected on August 30, 1925 to commemorate WWI dead (4 percent of the pre-war population), also commemorates WWII dead. Butte de Warlencourt memorial, commemorating the 1916 battle on the ancient burial mound See also Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department References External links The CWGC cemetery Warlencourteaucourt
Figure humaine (Human Figure), FP 120, by Francis Poulenc is a cantata for double mixed choir of 12 voices composed in 1943 on texts by Paul Éluard including "'Liberté". Written during the Nazi occupation of France, it was premiered in London in English by the BBC in 1945. It was first performed in French in 1946 in Brussels, then in Paris on 22 May 1947. The work was published by Éditions Salabert. Cherished as the summit of the composer's work and a masterpiece by musical critics, the cantata is a hymn to Liberté, victorious over tyranny. Genesis Meeting with Paul Éluard The meeting of Francis Poulenc and Paul Éluard dates from 1916 or 1917 during the First World War, at the Parisian bookstore of his friend Adrienne Monnier. When the composer Georges Auric met the writer around 1919, he suggested to Poulenc to set texts by Éluard to music. Éluard was the only surrealist writer who tolerated music, and the musicologist Peter Jost listed the works of Georges Auric and Francis Poulenc on his texts: six for Auric and 34 for Poulenc, augmented by three choral works including Figure humaine. The poems of the cantata are among the most famous by Éluard. They express the "suffering of the people of France" reduced to silence and the hope of the "final triumph of freedom over tyranny". Composition of the cantata The Second World War was a pivotal period in the life of the composer. In the Entretiens avec Claude Rostand, he specifies "Some privileged persons, of whom I was one, had the comfort of receiving morning letters, marvellous typed poems, below whose names we guessed the signature of Paul Éluard. This is how I received most of the poems Poésie et Vérité 42. Poulenc rented a small two-room apartment in Beaulieu-sur-Dordogne and began composing a violin concerto at the request of Ginette Neveu but quickly abandoned this work. A hypothesis advanced by Renaud Machart mentions the genesis of this cantata. He suggests that a play on Éluard's poem Liberté poem would have been commissioned in March 1943 by Henri Screpel, the then director of "Les Discophiles Français", in parallel with another commission for a choral work by Louis de Vocht and the choir of Sainte-Cécile of Antwerp. The composition of the cantata ended at the end of the summer of 1943. Poulenc's correspondence with his intimate friend Geneviève Sienkiewicz evokes the process of writing Figure humaine. Retired to Beaulieu, he wrote to his friend in August 1943: "I am working on a cantata a capella on poems by Éluard. (...) I have already done the 3/4 of this cycle and I am not dissatisfied with it". He evokes the sad apartment where he resides in Beaulieu with a view of the bell tower and states: "It was by contemplating it, solid and so French, that I conceived the music of Liberté which closes the cantata. The publisher Paul Rouart agreed to publish the work despite the Occupation and sent it to London, which allowed it to be created by the BBC in 1945. The training required complicated its execution, but in his Entretiens avec Claude Rostand Poulenc declares his wish that this "act of faith may be expressed without the aid of the instrument, through the mere voice of the human voice". Premiere Figure humaine was premiered in English by the BBC Chorus under their director Leslie Woodgate on Palm Sunday, 25 March 1945, then in Brussels (Belgium) in French on 2 December 1946 by the Chœurs de la radiodiffusion flamande under the direction of Paul Collaer. The French premiere took place at the in Paris on 22 May 1947. Reception and legacy According to biographer Henri Hell, it is in the choral domain that Francis Poulenc wrote his most accomplished works, leaning more to a cappella works than to accompanied ones and describes Figure humaine as one of the most striking works of contemporary choral music, "wonderfully polyphonic, rich and complex sound texture". However, the composition of the double chorus makes its execution difficult, and the work was only resumed on 27 May 1959 at salle Gaveau in Paris for the composer's 60th anniversary. The cantata is considered by some to be the absolute masterpiece of the composer. In a letter dated October 28, 1943 addressed to his friend the Princess of Polignac, Poulenc confides "I believe that this is what I did best. It is in any case a major work for me if it is not for French music". Structure and analysis The cantata is written for a double mixed choir and twelve real parts and is divided into eight movements: De tous les printemps du monde En chantant, les servantes s'élancent Aussi bas que le silence Toi ma patiente Riant du ciel et des planètes Le jour m'étonne et la nuit me fait peur La menace sous le ciel rouge Liberté De tous les printemps du monde This first song is of a duration of 2 minutes 40. It develops a final which possesses reminiscences of Sécheresses. En chantant, les servantes s'élancent This second song has an execution time of about 2 minutes. Of a quasi-instrumental writing, notably in the repetition of the sung notes "la, la, la", it is written in the manner of a "Scherzo" and presents a rhythm more pronounced than the other songs, more melodic and harmonic. Aussi bas que le silence This third song has a duration of 1 minute 40 seconds. Toi ma patiente This fourth song has a duration of 2 minutes. If the cantata conjugates the emotions, regret, pain, violence, sadness, it is tenderness that emerges from Toi ma patiente for the first solo chorus. There is a harmonious resemblance of this song with Une barque sur l'océan from the Miroirs by Maurice Ravel. Riant du ciel et des planètes The fifth song has a run time of one minute. Le jour m'étonne et la nuit me fait peur This sixth song has a duration of 2 minutes. The tenderness that emanates from the fourth song Toi ma patiente is revealed again in this episode. The second solo choir intones a "melody of a sad and heart-rending sweetness, accompanied by a murmur by the other voices of the choir. Considered by Renaud Machart as the most moving passage in the cantata, this song is a melody shedding "on a harmony of splendid simplicity". La menace sous le ciel rouge This seventh song is of a duration of 3 minutes. "Carried away and rough", this episode starts with a fugue begun by the altos choir of the first chorus, then resumed together by the two choirs until the words La pourriture avait du cœur. The movement gives way to the initial tempo where the two choirs sing together, first pianissimo, then crescendo until the end of a "magnificent magnitude". A long silence introduces the eighth and last part of the cantata, Liberté. Liberté This eighth and last song has an execution time of about 4 minutes. A true hymn to "freedom," or according to Henri Hell of the "litanies of Liberty", this song based on the poem by Éluard which includes 21 stanzas of four verses built on the model of the first: It is only after the last stanza that the word Liberté breaks out, as if to emphasize it better. Emotions appear in each stropes, softness, tenderness, sadness, strength and violence, moving from "one to the other with an invisible suppleness". The final bars are notoriously challenging, with the highest soprano in each chorus required to hit an E6 at the work's climactic conclusion. Selected discography Swedish Radio Choir, Eric Ericson, Electrola/His Master's Voice (1971) – first recording The Sixteen, Harry Christophers, Virgin Classics (1993) Tenebrae, Nigel Short, Signum Classics (2010) Notes References Sources Bibliography External links Figure Humaine Francis Poulenc, Paul Eluard. Figure humaine. Conductor Stephen Layton. on YouTube Figure Humaine on Tenebrae choir Q&A: How to practice “Figure humaine” by Francis Poulenc on gretchensaathoff.com Figure humaine on data.bnf.fr Poulenc Figure Humaine Review on BBC 1945 cantatas Compositions by Francis Poulenc Choral compositions Cantatas Music based on poems
"Everything About You" is a song by Christian rock band Sanctus Real from their second album Fight the Tide. It was released as a radio single in mid-2004 and reached number 1 on R&R magazine's Christian rock radio format by August. It held the top position for at least six consecutive weeks. Awards On 2005, the song was nominated for a Dove Award for Rock Recorded Song of the Year at the 36th GMA Dove Awards. References 2004 singles Sanctus Real songs 2004 songs Songs written by Matt Hammitt Sparrow Records singles Songs written by Tedd T
The most popular sport in Mexico currently is association football followed by boxing. However, there are regional variations: for example, baseball is the most popular sport in the northwest and the southeast of the country. Basketball, American football and bull riding (called "Jaripeo") are also popular. The tradition of bullfighting remains strong in Mexico. History of sport in Mexico Mesoamerican ball game The Pre-Columbian people of Mesoamerica have played the Mesoamerican ball game for over 3,000 years. Archaeologists found the oldest ballcourt yet discovered – dated to approximately 1400 BC – at Paso de la Amada in Mexico. The exact rules of the traditional ballgame remain unknown. Researchers believe that the sport probably resembled racquetball or volleyball, where the object is to keep the ball in play. The winner was sacrificed. In their Post-Classical Era (1000–1697 CE), the Maya began placing vertical stone rings on each side of the court, with the object of passing the ball through one. Several of these were placed quite high, as at Chichen Itza, where they stand 6 meters from the ground. Players would strike the ball with their hips or forearms, or employed rackets, bats, or hand-stones. The ball was made of rubber and weighed up to 4 kg or more, with sizes that differed greatly over time or according to the version played. Games took place between two individuals and between two teams of players. The ballgame played out within a large masonry structure which contained a long narrow playing alley flanked by walls with both horizontal and sloping (or, more rarely, vertical) surfaces. The walls were often plastered and brightly painted. A version of the game called Ulama is still played in the Mexican state of Sinaloa. Pelota purépecha has the Purépecha language, and is an Indigenous Mexican sport. A common variant, distinguished as pasárutakua in Purépecha, uses a ball which has been set on fire and can be played at night. It has a league, several practicing communities and about 800 players across Mexico as of 2010. It is one of 150 pre-Hispanic Mexican games at risk of dying out along with Ulama. Bullfighting Typically, a bullfight in Mexico includes a variety of rodeo events known as charreadas, and traditional folkloric dances. Thousands of bullfighting events occur in Mexico. In certain areas of the country, bullfighting generates a large amount of revenue from the local population, as well as visiting tourists. As evidence of the popularity of the sport, the largest bullring in the world is the Plaza Mexico, located in Mexico City. The Plaza México has been host to many of the world's best and most famous bullfighters. The anniversary of the 1946 opening of Plaza Mexico is celebrated annually with a special bullfight called the "Corrida de Aniversario". Charrería Charrería is the national sport of Mexico, it dates back to the 16th century and consists of a series of Mexico-developed equestrian events. The most notable event is the charreada, a style of rodeo developed in Mexico in the interest of maintaining the traditions of the charro. A charro is a term referring to a traditional horseman or a cowboy of Mexico, originating in the state of Jalisco. The national horse of Mexico, used in Charreria, is the Azteca. The Federación Mexicana de Charrería (Mexican Federation of Charreria) organizes charrería events. Cockfight Cockfighting is not banned in Mexico, and practiced in the Mexican states of Michoacán, Aguascalientes, Jalisco, Sinaloa, and Veracruz, mostly during regional fairs and other celebrations. Cockfights are performed in palenques (pits). Cockfighting remains legal in the municipality of Ixmiquilpan and throughout Mexico. International Games Competitions Olympic Games Mexico City hosted the 1968 Summer Olympics, the first time that the event was held in Latin America. Since then, the only edition of the Olympic Games held in the region was in 2016, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mexico first participated at the Olympic Games in 1900 and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since 1924. Mexico has also participated in several Winter Olympic Games since 1928. Mexico has performed best in athletics, boxing, equestrian, diving, and Swimming events, and more recently taekwondo and football. Enriqueta Basilio made history by being the first woman to light the Olympic Cauldron at 19th Summer Olympics in Mexico City on 12 October 1968. In diving, Mexico is the best Latin American representative with a long tradition of diving founded by Joaquín Capilla, a Mexican diver who won the largest number of Olympic medals among Mexican athletes. Many others who have excelled in World Championships and Olympics are Carlos Girón, Fernando Platas and Paola Espinosa who is the first Latina woman to become world champion. Soraya Jiménez became the first ever female athlete from Mexico to win an Olympic gold medal in 2000. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, Mexico finished in thirty-ninth place; the Mexico team brought home seven medals, including their first gold medal won in football, and the rest of the medals in archery, diving, and taekwondo. Donovan Carrillo is the first Mexican figure skater to compete at the Olympics in 30 years in 2022, and after scoring a personal best in the short program became the first ever Mexican skater to advance to the free skate. Pan American Games The Pan American Games competition is held among athletes from nations of the Americas, every four years in the year before the Summer Olympic Games. Mexico ranks sixth in the top ten nations all time at the Pan American Games (minus medals won at the Winter Pan American Games). Mexico and Canada have hosted three Pan American Games each, more than any other nation. Among cities, only Winnipeg and Mexico City have played host to the Pan American Games more than once, each holding that honor twice. Similar to the Olympic flame, the Pan American Games flame is lit well before the Games are to commence. The flame was lit for the first games in Olympia, Greece. For subsequent games, the torch has been lit by Aztec people in ancient temples, first in the Cerro de la Estrella and later at the Pyramid of the Sun at the Teotihuacan Pyramids. The only exception was for the São Paulo games in 1963, when the torch was lit in Brasília by the indigenous Guaraní people. An Aztec then lights the torch of the first relay bearer, thus initiating the Pan American Games torch relay that will carry the flame to the host city's main stadium, where it plays an important role in the opening ceremony. The 2011 Pan American Games were the third Pan American Games hosted by Mexico (the first country to do so) and the first held in the state of Jalisco in the city of Guadalajara. Central American and Caribbean Games The Central American and Caribbean Games is a multi-sport regional championship event, held quadrennially (once every four years), typically in the middle (even) year between Summer Olympics. The Games are for countries in Central America, the Caribbean, Mexico, and the South American Caribbean countries of Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. They are designed to provide a step between sub-CACG-region Games held the first year following a Summer Olympics (e.g. Central American Games) and the Continental Championships, the Pan American Games, held the year before the Summer Olympics. The CACGs are the oldest continuing regional games in the world. As of 2014, Mexico has hosted the CACG games four times, three in Mexico City and one in Veracruz. Mexico is also one of the three countries present at the first games and the first organizer of the Games. Mexico is the only country that has attended all editions, without a single absence and has the most medals and second most gold medals as of 2019. Team sports Association football Mexico's most popular team sport is association football. Football is widely followed and practiced all over the country and it is considered the most popular sport in most states. It is believed that football was introduced in Mexico by English Cornish miners at the end of the 19th century. By 1902 a five-team league emerged with a strong English influence. Football became a professional sport in 1943. The main football clubs are América, Guadalajara, Cruz Azul and UNAM, known collectively as the Big Four. Mexico has hosted two World Cup tournaments (1970 and 1986). Many of the stadiums in use in the league have a World Cup history. Sites such as Estadio Jalisco in Guadalajara, and Estadio Azteca in Mexico City are renowned for their national and international history. The legendary Estadio Azteca, for example, is one of the only two stadiums in the world to have hosted two men's World Cup finals (the other being the Maracana) and is one of the highest capacity stadiums in the world. Mexican's biggest stadiums are Estadio Azteca, Estadio Jalisco, Estadio BBVA Bancomer, Estadio Olímpico Universitario and Estadio Cuauhtémoc. The 1986 FIFA World Cup in Mexico was broadcast to a global audience, and the wave or the Mexican wave was popularized worldwide after featuring during the tournament. Men's national team The Mexico national football team (Spanish: Selección de fútbol de México) represents Mexico in association football and is governed by the Mexican Football Federation (FMF, from the native name of Federación Mexicana de Fútbol Asociación), the governing body for football in Mexico. Mexico's home stadium is the Estadio Azteca and their head coach is Jaime Lozano. The team is currently ranked 20th in the World Football Elo Ratings. Mexico has qualified for seventeen FIFA World Cup tournaments and is among six countries to have qualified consecutively since 1994. Mexico played France at the first World Cup on 13 July 1930. Mexico's best progression was reaching the quarter-finals in the 1970 and 1986 World Cups, both of which were staged on Mexican soil, and will host once again in 2026 sharing with Canada and United States. Mexico won the 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup and the gold medal at the London 2012 Olympics, finished twice as runners-up at the Copa América, won the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship, and have reached the quarter-finals twice at the World Cup. Recently, some players from Mexico have moved on to European clubs, including Rafael Márquez, Carlos Salcido, Ricardo Osorio, Pável Pardo, Andrés Guardado, Guillermo Franco, Carlos Vela, Giovani dos Santos, Omar Bravo, Aaron Galindo, Héctor Moreno, Francisco Javier Rodríguez and others. Mexico is historically the most successful national team in the CONCACAF region, holding twelve CONCACAF championships, including nine CONCACAF Gold Cups, one North American Nations Cup and three NAFC Championships. Mexico is the only team from CONCACAF to have won an official FIFA competition, the 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup. Although Mexico is under the jurisdiction of CONCACAF, the national football team has been regularly invited to compete in the Copa América since 1993 finishing as runner-up twice and obtaining the third place medal on three occasions. Men's Professional leagues The first Mexican club, C.F. Pachuca, survives. Since 1996, the country has played two split seasons instead of a traditional long season. There are two separate playoff and league divisions. This system is common throughout Latin America. After many years of calling the regular seasons as "Verano" (Summer) and "Invierno" (Winter); the top-level Liga MX, formerly the Primera División, has changed the names of the competition, and has opted for a traditional name of "Apertura" (opening) and "Clausura" (closing) events. The Apertura division begins in the middle of Mexico's summer and ends before the official start of winter. The Clausura division begins during the New Year, and concludes in the spring season. Mexican football is divided into four divisions, beginning with Liga MX and followed by Ascenso MX, the Liga Premier, and Tercera División. The bottom two leagues translate literally as "Second Division" and "Third Division"; their names reflect their former positions in the league hierarchy before the Segunda División was split into two leagues, with the league now known as Ascenso MX becoming the new second level. The teams are promoted and relegated by the FMF based on percentage calculations. Relegation is a common practice in Mexican football. There is a club exchange of each tier with the adjacent tiers so that a division's least successful team is relegated (transferred) to the next lower tier and the most successful club of the lower tier is promoted to the tier above. By the placement of each, the top tier cannot promote and the bottom tier cannot relegate. The relegation system does not punish clubs for producing a single poor season. Mexican clubs are assessed on their previous five campaigns. Points are accumulated for five seasons, and are divided by the number of matches played. The club with the lowest percentage in the Apertura is relegated to a lower division. Each team must earn their promotions. Since 1943, Mexico's five most successful clubs in Mexican football league system matches have been América (13 championships), Chivas (12), Toluca (10), Cruz Azul (8) and Pumas (7). America is the historical arch-nemesis of Chivas, so a match between the two is the Clásico Nacional derby that the entire country awaits. Another noted derby in Mexico is the Clásico Regiomontano between crosstown rival teams Monterrey and Tigres. Whereas the Clásico Nacional involves two teams from cities in different states the Clásico Regiomontano game involves two neighboring cities. Chivas are renowned for using only Mexican players in their squad. Consequently, they have long fed players to the Mexico national football team. Men players Hugo Sánchez widely regarded as the greatest Mexican footballer of all time, was named best CONCACAF player of the 20th century by IFFHS. No other Mexican footballer has scored as many goals in Europe as Hugo Sánchez. He is the fourth highest scorer in the history of La Liga, the third-highest scoring foreign player after Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo. Carlos Vela described as a versatile player who can play as a forward, winger, and attacking midfielder, Vela is known for being a creative player and prolific scorer. Rafael Márquez the first Mexican to win the UEFA Champions League is considered by many the best defender in the country's football history. Márquez is Mexico's record World Cup player and one of only three players with appearances in five tournaments. Cuauhtémoc Blanco is the only Mexican football player to be presented with an award (The Silver Ball and Silver Shoe) in a major international FIFA competition (1999 FIFA Confederations Cup). He shares the record as the highest scorer of the tournament with Ronaldinho (nine goals in two editions). He has been awarded the MVP of the México Primera División League five times. Jorge Campos with the national team, appeared in three World Cups, two Confederation Cups, two Gold Cups and three Copas América. Horacio Casarín was sought out by defenders and fouled him mercilessly during a 1939 game between Casarin's Necaxa, and Asturias F.C., Necaxa fans were so angry that they burnt the Parque Asturias stadium. Horacio retired as the all-time Mexican scorer, with 256 goals to his count. Antonio Carbajal was the first player to appear in five World Cups and the only Mexican player that has received the FIFA Order of Merit. Claudio Suárez is the most capped player in the history of Mexico national team with 178 caps. As of 2006, it was estimated that Mexico has over 324,000 registered players and 8,155,000 unregistered players. Women's football in Mexico The Mexico women's national football team boasts one silver (1971) and one bronze (1970) in the Women's World Cup, though these accomplishments are not officially recognized, as they took place prior to FIFA's recognition of the women's game. Mexico stopped allocating players to the NWSL management of the United States, having established its own women's league the Liga MX Femenil in 2017, and the numbers of allocated players and international players on each team vary each year due to trades. Maribel Domínguez was a noted captain and leading scorer of the Mexico women's national football team. She is known internationally as "Marigol" for her record of 46 goals scored in 49 matches for the Mexico women's national team. Variants of association football Beach football is a variant of the sport of association football which was invented in Brazil. It is played on beaches, and emphasizes skill, agility and goal scoring. The FIFA Beach Football World Cup has been held annually since 2005. Mexico finished as runners up to Brazil in its first appearance at the 2007 Beach Football World Cup. Recently indoor association football has become a popular sport in Mexico, being included as part of the Universiada (University National Games) and the "CONADEIP" (Private School Tournament), which match University school teams from all over Mexico. In Mexico, "indoor" football fields are commonly built outdoors, and the sport is known as "fútbol rápido" (fast football). The Mexican team Monterrey La Raza joined the Major Indoor football League in 2007 and finished the season in second place during its inaugural year. A previous version of Monterrey La Raza (1992–2001) won three championships in the now defunct organizations Continental Indoor Football League and World Indoor Football League. Baseball Baseball has been practiced throughout all Mexico across time. It has been traditionally known as the most popular sport in some regions of Mexico, mainly in Sonora and Sinaloa, and arguably in Campeche, Yucatán, Durango, Chihuahua, Nayarit and Tabasco, where it rivals football in popularity. Other states where baseball has had a strong traditional legacy include Baja California, Oaxaca, Coahuila, Veracruz, Puebla, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Quintana Roo and Mexico City. Despite historically lagging third in popularity behind football and boxing, Mexico has had relative success in the sport, probably just behind boxing and comparable to the success obtained in football. Although there is some dispute about exactly when and where baseball started in Mexico, baseball has a long and colorful history in Mexico, particularly in the north, with historians placing its origin there as early as the 1840s. Today, baseball flourishes in Mexico, where it is played professionally in both summer and winter. Over 100 Mexicans have played in the major leagues in the United States, including Cy Young Award winner Fernando Valenzuela, top 300 home run hitter Vinny Castilla, Gold Glove Award winner Aurelio Rodríguez, and AL batting champion Bobby Ávila. The first Mexican to play in Major League Baseball in the United States was Mel Almada, who participated with the Boston Red Sox in 1933. Most recently Benji Gil, Esteban Loaiza, Julio Urías, José Urquidy, and Cuban defector, now a Cuban-Mexican Randy Arozarena. The Mexican Baseball League ("Liga Mexicana de Béisbol" or "LMB") was founded in 1925, establishing six teams, and playing all their matches in Mexico City. In the 1930s and 1940s, African-Americans from the United States – who were still barred from Major League Baseball until Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier in 1947 – played alongside Mexicans and Cubans in the Mexican League. In 1937, legendary Negro leagues' stars Satchel Paige and "Cool Papa Bell" left the Pittsburgh Crawfords to play in Latin America. After playing a year in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, Paige and Bell joined the Mexican League. In the 1940s, multi-millionaire Jorge Pasquel attempted to turn the Mexican League into a first-rate rival to the major leagues in the United States. In 1946, Pasquel traveled north of the border to pursue the top players in the Negro and major leagues. Pasquel signed up close to twenty major leaguers, including such well known names as Mickey Owen and Sal Maglie, and a number of Negro league players. Ultimately, Pasquel's dream faded, as financial realities led to decreased salaries and his high-priced foreign stars returned home. Currently, 16 teams divided into North and South Divisions play in the Mexican Baseball League in a summer season, which ends in a 7-game championship series between the winners of the two divisions. Since 1967, the league has been sanctioned as an AAA minor league, though no team has an affiliation with any team in the United States. In the winter, 10 teams play in the Mexican Pacific League ("Liga Mexicana del Pacífico" or "LMP"), whose winner advances to the Caribbean Series against other Latin American champions. Although the Mexican League has a longer history, the Mexican Pacific League is the premier baseball league in Mexico today. It is played during the Major League Baseball (MLB) off-season, so many MLB players also compete in the LMP. The Mexican Professional Baseball Hall of Fame has inducted 167 players, consisting of 138 Mexicans, 16 Cubans, 12 from the United States, and one Puerto Rican. Distinguished players include MLB stars Roy Campanella and Monte Irvin, who played in the Mexican League in the 1940s. Nicknamed "El Bambino Mexicano", or the Mexican Babe Ruth, Héctor Espino was inducted in the Mexican Hall of Fame in 1988, after playing with San Luis Potosí, and Tampico from 1962 to 1984. His 453 home runs remained the record until Nelson Barrera surpassed him in 2001. Espino still holds the all-time records in many offensive categories. The Mexico national baseball team represents Mexico in international tournaments, most notably the World Baseball Classic. In the Bronze Medal Game of the Premier12 tournament in Tokyo, Mexico defeated USA, 3–2, in 10 innings to earn a spot in the 2020 Olympic Games. At the 2023 World Baseball Classic Mexico placed third in the tournament after losing to Japan. The country's softball team, finished fourth with a 3–2 loss to Canada in the bronze-medal game at The Tokyo Olympics. The games were Mexico's first foray into Olympic softball. Basketball Men's basketball Basketball is the third most popular team sport in Mexico. Mexico has a few professional basketball leagues, the top professional league is the Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional where the Halcones UV Xalapa are the most successful team of the league, having won the competition four times. The best teams of the LNBP advance to the FIBA Americas League. In the northwestern states is the CIBACOPA competition, with professional basketball players from Mexico and U.S. universities. This regional league have a stake in the rest months of the LNBP. Manuel Raga is the first and only Mexican inducted in the FIBA Hall of Fame. In 1996 Horacio Llamas made history by becoming the first Mexican to participate in an NBA game. Since then, several Mexicans followed, including Eduardo Nájera, Earl Watson, Gustavo Ayón and Jorge Gutiérrez; also, Manuel Raga and Gustavo Ayón had notable triumphs in the European Basket, as the only Mexican champions in the EuroLeague. The best results of the National team is the first place in the 2013 Americas Championship, for qualify to the 2014 Basketball World Cup, where it reached the playoffs, the team also won the bronze medal in Berlin 1936. The nation hosted the FIBA AmeriCup in 1989 and 2015. Gimnasio Nuevo León Independiente one of the most modern multipurpose venue located in the city of Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. It was inaugurated on October 7, 2013, and is home to Fuerza Regia de Monterrey. In December 2019, commissioner Adam Silver of the National Basketball Association (NBA) announced Capitanes de Ciudad de México, a Mexican professional basketball team based in Mexico City, were joining the NBA G League. The Capitanes join the NBA G League for the 2021–22 season, initial plan was starting from the 2020–21 season, the team would play in the G League for five seasons and be the first team outside the United States and Canada. Juan Toscano-Anderson became the 2nd Mexican American basketball player to win an NBA title when he won an NBA championship with the Warriors in 2022. Juan had played for the Fuerza Regia de Monterrey and the Soles de Mexicali. Women's basketball Lou Lopez Sénéchal became the first player born in Mexico to be drafted by the WNBA when she was selected by the Dallas Wings. Mexico has two main leagues to support women's basketball LNBPF (Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional Femenil): Founded in April 2022 out of the men's organisation the LNBP. In its inaugural season it had eight teams spread across two zones: LMBPF (Liga Mexicana de Baloncesto Profesional Femenil) was founded in 2014 out of a dispute within the LMPB surrounding a previous attempt to set up a women's league league entitled the "Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional Femenil". The league was formed with ten original teams who had been members of the 2014 version of the LNBPF: Mieleras de Guanajuato, Lobas de Aguascalientes, Mexcaltecas de Nayarit, Tapatias de Jalisco, Rieleras de Aguascalientes, Gamos de la Universidad Marista, Quetzales Sajoma, Nueceras from the State of Mexico, Leonas Cenhies and Bengalis. It operates, in 2022, with two conferences of seven teams each: American football American football (gridiron) has been played in Mexico since the early 1920s, and is a strong minority sport at Mexican colleges and universities, mainly in Monterrey. American football is the fourth most popular team sport in Mexico. The maximum competition is the Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional (LFA). The Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional was founded in 2016 with 4 initial teams (Raptors, Eagles, Condors and Mayas), all based in Mexico City. On February 21 it held the first game and the championship game was held on April 10, leaving the Mayas as champions and the Raptors as runners-up. The LFA has since expanded to eight members as of 2019. There are plans to expand the league and increase the number of teams and the number of participating states. Funded in 2018, the Fútbol Americano de México (FAM) is considerad as a rival to the LFA given they compete for television spaces, players, coaches and in general for the same market segment. The team that became champion of the first season are the Pioneros de Querétaro (Pioneers of Querétaro). Before this professional league was founded, the maximum competition of American football in Mexico was at the college level. American football has been played in Mexico since the early 1920s in different colleges and universities, mainly in Mexico City. In 1928 the first college championship was played, organized by Jorge Braniff. Over successive decades, more universities and colleges joined the championship, and four categories, called "Fuerzas", were created. The First Fuerza became the National League in 1970. In 1978, this was reorganized under the name "Organización Nacional Estudiantil de Fútbol Americano" (ONEFA). In 2010 a breakaway league, CONADEIP, was formed by the Monterrey Tech system, UDLAP and additional private universities. The Aztec Bowl is an NCAA sanctioned college division post-season bowl in which American Division III college All-stars face off against a team of Mexican all-stars. The Mexico national American football team has competed in the IFAF World Cup, which has been held every four years since 1999. Mexico participated in 1999 and 2003, finishing second in both competitions. Raul Allegre is a former football placekicker in the National Football League (NFL); he played for the Baltimore Colts, the Indianapolis Colts, the New York Giants, and the New York Jets. Later eventually leading to his current work as color commentator for Monday Night Football with Álvaro Martín for ESPN in Latin America. He also appears on NFL32 and contributes to other ESPN programs. Isaac Alarcón was signed by the Dallas Cowboys in 2020 as a part of the league's International Player Pathway program. Mexico's Estadio Azteca is also notable as being the venue of the NFL-game with the all-time record attendance of 103,467 on October 2, 2005. Mexico defeated the United States in the Women's gold-medal game at the Women's tournament in Flag football at the 2022 World Games. Flag football made its international debut at the World Games 2022. Rugby in Mexico has a long tradition dating back to the early 1900s when Europeans were migrating to Mexico. Though rugby has been a minor sport in Mexico, the Mexican Rugby Federation was established, and the sport has been steadily increasing in popularity, with around twelve teams competing in the top league. The Mexican national rugby sevens team have achieved some good results in international tournaments, including taking third place at the 2015 NACRA Sevens. Ice hockey Pelota purépecha (Spanish for "Purépecha ball"), called Uárukua Ch'anakua (literally "a game with sticks") in the Purépecha language, is an Indigenous Mexican sport similar to those in the Hockey family. Although not a mainstream sport in Mexico, ice hockey is played in larger cities like Monterrey, Guadalajara, Villahermosa, Culiacán, León and Mexico City. The Mexican Elite League is the top level of ice hockey in Mexico. The Mexican Elite League, was inaugurated on 2 October 2010 with the aim to establish Mexico as a high-level international competitor in ice hockey. Currently it has 4 professional teams and 17 associated equipment. The "Federación Deportiva de Mexico de Hockey Sobre Hielo" (Mexico National Ice Hockey Federation) regulates all tournaments in Mexico. The Mexican hockey league includes 7 federation clubs and 8 independent clubs. Mexico is also the only Latin American full member of the International Ice Hockey Federation and competes in international tournaments. Claudia Téllez, at 32 became the first Mexican national to sign for the Canadian Women's Hockey League and Jorge Perez, became the first Mexican-born player at the Junior A level in Canada for Rayside-Balfour. Although American born and trained, National Hockey League (NHL) center Auston Matthews is of Mexican heritage through his mother, and grew up in Scottsdale, Arizona. In the 2016 NHL Entry Draft Matthews was drafted first overall by the Toronto Maple Leafs, and began his NHL career by scoring four goals against the Ottawa Senators in his NHL debut, becoming the only rookie in modern history to achieve such a feat. Guadalajara born Xavier A. Gutierrez serves as the CEO and President of the Arizona Coyotes, and is the first Latino team President & CEO in NHL history. Notable former NHL players of Mexican descent include former Montreal Canadiens forward Scott Gomez and retired San Jose Sharks winger Raffi Torres. In 2017 the Mexican women's ice hockey team won a gold in Iceland, in their six-team division of the women's world championship. It was the first gold-medal win for Mexico at a full International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) world championship event. The team formed in 2012. The team's win this past week in Akureyri, Iceland, which left it in 27th place in the women's championships, earned it a promotion from Group B to Group A in Division II for next year. Polo Polo was first popularized by the Escandon-Barron family in the late nineteenth century. Three members of the Escandon-Barron family would win a bronze medal at the 1900 Olympics. The Mexican polo team also won an Olympic bronze medal in 1936, the last Olympic Games which featured polo. Mexico hosted the World Polo Championship in 2008. The World Polo Championship has been held every three years by the Federation of International Polo since 1987. Mexico's best finishes have been second place in 1987, and third place in 1995 and 2008. The best Mexican polo player is Carlos Gracida, who is also considered to be one of the best polo players in the sport. He has accumulated more tournament wins than any other athlete in the history of the sport, winning the Abierto Argentino de Palermo tournament five times, the British Open Gold Cup ten times, and the US Open nine times. Carlos' brother, Memo Gracida, is a polo player of international renown as well and a member of the Polo Hall of Fame. The two have teamed together to win numerous tournaments worldwide. Basque pelota Basque pelota is the name for a variety of court sports played with a ball using one's hand, a racket, a wooden bat, or a basket propulsor, against a wall. Since 1952, the International Federation of Basque Pelota has organized the World Championships of Basque pelota every four years. Mexico hosted the world championships in 1982, 1998 and 2006. Mexico gave its best performance at the 2006 games when they led all nations with six gold medals. Frontenis is a variation of the Basque pelota game, itself a derivation of real tennis. It was created in 1916 in Mexico, when the idea of merging tennis and the traditional Basque pilota emerged. It is played in one of the largest courts in racquet sports with a tennis racquet that contains an optional custom double string called "doble encordado" and a tiny frontenis ball. Racquetball Racquetball is a popular sport that is played in Mexico. The Racquetball World Championships were first held in 1981 and have been played every two years since 1984. San Luis Potosí hosted the championships in 1994 and 2000. Álvaro Beltrán was World Champion in 2000, and Mexican men have won the doubles titles four times: in 2000 (Luis Bustillos & Javier Moreno), 2002 (Polo Gutierrez & Gilberto Mejia), 2006 (Moreno & Beltran), and in 2012 (Moreno & Beltran). while the Mexican teams have finished among the top three in men's and top four in women's since 1986. Paola Longoria was the #1 player on the Women's Professional Racquetball Organization tour at the end of its 2008–2009 season, becoming the first woman not from Canada or the US to do so. She also won gold at the 2009 and 2013 World Games, and again is the first non-American woman to do so. Additionally, in 2012, she became the first player to win both the singles and doubles Racquetball World Championship. Racquetball will be included in the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara. Volleyball and Beach volleyball The 1974 FIVB Women's World Championship was the seventh edition of the tournament, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB. It was held from 13 to 27 October 1974 in Mexico. Mexico featured national teams in beach volleyball that competed at the 2018–2020 NORCECA Beach Volleyball Continental Cup in both the women's and the men's sections. Individual sports Boxing Mexican sport is also known for its boxing tradition. Boxing is the most popular individual sport in Mexico. Mexico is also the second in total number of world champions produced, after the United States, and has recently produced more World Champions in the last 30 years. The first boxing champion Mexico produced was Battling Shaw when he became the Light Welterweight Champion by outpointing Johnny Jadick in 1933. Thirteen Olympic boxing medals have been won by Mexico. International Boxing Hall of Fame members include Julio César Chávez, Sr., Salvador Sánchez, Ricardo Lopez, José Nápoles, Rubén Olivares, Baby Arizmendi, Pipino Cuevas, Chiquita González, Sugar Ramos, Daniel Zaragoza, Miguel Canto, Vicente Saldivar, Carlos Palomino, and Carlos Zárate. Other prominent Mexican boxers include World Boxing Hall of Fame members, Kid Azteca, Jesús Pimentel, Lupe Pintor, Juan Zurita, Jorge Paez and José Luis Ramírez. More recent champions include Canelo Álvarez, Julio César Chávez Jr., Marco Antonio Barrera, Érik Morales, Juan Manuel Márquez, Rafael Márquez, Israel Vázquez and Juan Francisco Estrada. Mexico's biggest rival in the sport of boxing is Puerto Rico. There have been many classic match ups between the two such as Salvador Sánchez–Wilfredo Gómez, Gómez–Carlos Zárate Serna and many more. Other great match ups are between two Mexican fighters and Mexican vs. Mexican-American. Good examples of fighting between two Mexicans are the Barrera vs. Morales trilogy and the Márquez-Vázquez rivalry. A good example of a Mexican vs a Mexican-American are Julio César Chávez vs. Oscar De La Hoya, Bobby Chacon vs. Rafael Limón, Chiquita González vs Carbajal, (particularly so Michael Carbajal vs. Humberto González I) Márquez vs Díaz, and Corrales versus Castillo. Taekwondo Taekwondo was introduced to Mexico in 1969 by Korean Mexican Dai Won Moon. With over 1.5 million taekwondo practitioners and 3,500 schools throughout the country, taekwondo is one of the most popular sports in the nation. Mexico has also been competitive on the international level in the sport of taekwondo. Over forty Mexican taekwondo practitioners have medaled at the World Taekwondo Championships. Taekwondo made its official debut at the 2000 Summer Olympics and Mexican athletes have medaled in the sport in every Olympics since then. Mexican athletes won a bronze medal in taekwondo at the 2000 Summer Olympics, a silver and bronze medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics, two gold medals at the 2008 Summer Olympics, a bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics and a silver medal at the 2016 Summer Olympics. María Espinoza has medaled at the 2008, 2012 and 2016 Olympics. Mexico currently ranks fourth on the total medal count for taekwondo, its best performance for any Olympic sport. Jackie Galloway was an alternate for the Mexican team at the 2012 Olympics. Mixed Martial Arts Mixed martial arts has achieved popularity in the early 21st century. Many companies promote MMA cards, with the U.S.-based UFC the most dominant. Brandon Moreno, from Tijuana, made history when he became the first Mexico-born champion in UFC history. Jessica Aguilar, a native of Veracruz, was the first Mexican-born champion in a major MMA promotion, winning the WSOF Strawweight title in 2014 (pre-dating the UFC in that division). There have been many Champions in MMA who born in the U.S. but are of Mexican heritage, however, including some of the pioneers of the sport such as Frank "Shamrock" Juarez (UFC), Tito Ortiz (UFC), Gilbert Melendez (Strikeforce), Miguel Angel Torres (WEC), Zoila Frausto Gurgel (Bellator). Tennis The Abierto Mexicano Telcel is a tennis tournament held in Acapulco, Mexico. It is an event on both the ATP Tour (International Series Gold event) and the WTA Tour (Tier III). Rafael Osuna is the best tennis player to come out of Mexico. He was ranked number one in 1963 when he won the U.S. Open Championship. Osuna led Mexico to the 1962 Davis Cup, becoming the first team from Latin America to compete for the trophy. Osuna would go on to win a Grandslam singles championship in 1963. He also won the U.S. Open Doubles Championship in 1962, the Wimbledon double's championship in 1960 and 1963, and a doubles tennis Olympic gold medal in 1968. Osuna was killed in a plane crash in 1969 at the age of 30. In 1969, the Intercollegiate Tennis College Association NCAA instituted "The Rafael Osuna Sportsmanship Award" in his honor. Later that year, the Chapultepec Club, renamed its stadium "Rafael Osuna Stadium". He was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1979. Raúl Ramírez was the first player to finish first in both singles and doubles Grand Prix point standings, accomplishing the feat in 1976. Raúl Zurutuza is the director of Mextenis, which organizes Mexico's Acapulco and Los Cabos tennis tourneys. Plaza de Toros México become a tennis court and hosted, as Roger Federer faced Germany's Alexander Zverev on November 23, 2019. A record tennis crowd of more than 42,000 watched, the attendance figure smashed an almost decade-old record of 35,681, set in 2010. Auto racing The most notable Mexican professional auto racers have been Pedro Rodríguez, who was the winner of the 1968 24 Hours of Le Mans, and his brother Ricardo Rodríguez, who at age 18 finished second at the 1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, becoming the youngest ever to stand on the podium. He was also the youngest F1 driver at that time. They were both considered among the top drivers before their untimely deaths. The Mexico City racetrack Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez ("Rodríguez Brothers Racetrack") was named in their honor. Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez has hosted several racing events including the Formula 1 (1962–1970, 1986–1992, 2015–present), Champ Car World Series (1980–1981 and 2002–2007), World Sportscar Championship, Grand-Am, Trans-Am, IMSA, A1 Grand Prix, NASCAR Nationwide Series, Formula BMW World Finals, Champ Car Atlantic Series, Panam GP Series and NASCAR Mexico Corona Series. More recently Sergio Pérez and Esteban Gutiérrez have re-established a Mexican presence in F1. Before them, Héctor Rebaque competed in the F1 between 1977 and 1981, their best position was tenth in the 1981 season, and Jo Ramírez worked for a number of F1 teams, most notably as team co-ordinator for McLaren in the 1980s and 1990s. The A1 Team Mexico is the Mexican team of A1 Grand Prix, the World Cup of Motorsport; Salvador Durán has earned two victories for the team. Adrián Fernández has become a popular driver in Mexico since the 1990s and reached his climax when he finished in second place during the 2000 CART season. Fernández co-founded the Fernández Racing with which he championed the American Le Mans Series and previously won in Champ Car, the IRL IndyCar Series, and Grand-Am. Memo Rojas and Luis Díaz have also been successful in formula racing and sports car racing. Carlos Contreras was the first Mexican-born driver racing full-time in any NASCAR national series. Daniel Suárez won the 2016 NASCAR Xfinity Series championship. Daniel Suarez becomes first Mexican-Born driver to win in NASCAR Cup Series. Since 2004, Rally Mexico is a round of the FIA World Rally Championship, held in the state of Guanajuato, and over time it has become one of the most popular rounds of the championship. Other auto racing events currently held in Mexico include the Baja 1000, the World's most important off-road race, taking place on Mexico's Baja California Peninsula and with the Mexicans normally winning various categories. Racing events formerly held in Mexico include the Tecate/Telmex Grand Prix of Monterrey and the Carrera Panamericana, which is now held as one of the premiere vintage racing events of the World. Golf Golf is a popular sport in Mexico. There are over 150 golf courses in the country. Lorena Ochoa, who was the number-one-ranked female golf player in the world before abruptly retiring in 2010, has helped increase the popularity of golf in the country. On 10 November 2018, Gaby López won her first LPGA Tour event at the Blue Bay LPGA and was the flag bearer for Mexico at the opening 2020 Summer Olympics. In the early days of Mexican golf, there were not many Mexicans playing golf at these Mexican golf clubs. The introduction of golf came from Anglo-American business owners. These individuals used their power, influence, and money to develop the land. This in turn made it possible for these clubs to be erected, such an extravagant oasis in the middle of these cities. For example, the Monterey Club had connections in North American smelting, refining and mining companies. Furthermore, the Oro golf Club in contrast was controlled by London-based executives who held positions in El Oro Mining and Railways. The explosion of capitalist society as well as the extreme wealth being accrued by many around the world paved the way for enormous changes in infrastructure. In the early days of golf in Mexico, the MGA was composed of immigrants only. This means that the Metropolitan Golf Association of Mexico had no individuals of Mexican descent. Additionally, the modernity of golf was evidence of the vast possibilities that can be achieved by hard work. These new construction projects were palpable evidence that humans can sculpt the world around them into something new adding lakes, forests, and lush hills in the middle of an area that previously had a completely different complexion previous to this renovation. The Mexican Golf Association was originally started by Anglo-Americans although it is the Mexican Golf Association. In Mexico, they still refer to it in English rather than in Spanish which reflects the members who belonged. These men were all interested in the inherent battle with nature, risk-taking, calculation, and resilience in the face of defeat. These characteristics were all seen as applicable to these individuals' daily lives. Professional golf tournaments held in Mexico includes, the Corona Championship, MasterCard Classic, Lorena Ochoa Invitational, Mayakoba Golf Classic at Riviera Maya-Cancún, and the Mexican Open. Jockey Victor Espinoza won the Triple Crown of thoroughbred racing in 2015 on American Pharoah. He began riding in his native Mexico and went on to compete at racetracks in California. The first Hispanic jockey to win the award. Other well known jockeys include Jose L. Espinoza and Mario Gutierrez. Fencing Pilar Roldán was the first Mexican woman to win an Olympic medal (a silver in the 1968 Olympic games in Mexico City) and was also part of the first father-daughter team (her father was the tennis player Ángel Roldán) in the Pan-American games in 1955. Track and field The 400-meter event became popular when Ana Guevara became world champion in 2003. Raúl González set the world record in the 50-kilometres racewalk twice in 1978 (3:45:52 and 3:41:20). As of October 2011, it was still the North American record. María Lorena Ramírez Hernández, a Mexican long-distance and ultra-fund runner, became known worldwide after having won the 2017 UltraTrail Cerro Rojo ultra-distance race of 50 kilometers, in a time of 07:20:00, and for having done it wearing huaraches and a long skirt, without sports footwear or equipment. Her story was depicted in a documentary film, Lorena, Light-Footed Woman, for Netflix. Climbing Elsa Ávila was the first Latin American woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest, in 1999, and also the first to accomplish several other climbs. She specializes in big wall climbs and was the first Latin American woman to climb El Capitán in Yosemite, the Rockies, the Alps, the Andes, the Himalayas, Patagonia and Baffin Island in the Arctic Circle. Skiing and figure skating Rodolfo Dickson was the first Mexican alpine skier representing Mexico to win an international ski race, winning in Super-G in January 2015. Sports leagues in Mexico Major sports leagues The following table shows the professional sports leagues in Mexico and that have a national TV contract that pays rights fees. Association Football and Baseball teams by City/Metro Area Association Football and Baseball are the two most popular team sports in Mexico. Liga MX is the most important and highest level league (Football). Mexico has two Baseball leagues (winter and summer) which, historically, have been comparable to Triple-A in the U.S.; Liga Mexicana del Pacífico (winter) and Liga Mexicana de Beisbol (summer). Liga de Expansión MX (formerly Ascenso MX) is Mexico's second division in Football. The following table shows the teams of these leagues and the cites/metro areas they're based in. Key to colors and symbols Other team sports leagues Circuito de Baloncesto del Pacífico (CIBAPAC) Liga del Norte de Coahuila (LNC) Liga de Balompié Mexicano (LBM) Liga de Básquetbol Estatal de Chihuahua (LBE) Liga Estatal de Béisbol de Chihuahua (LEB) Liga Invernal Mexicana (LIM) Liga Mayor de Béisbol de La Laguna (LMBL) Liga Meridana de Invierno (LMI) Liga Mexicana de Baloncesto Profesional Femenil (LMBPF) Liga Mexicana de Voleibol Femenil (LMVF) Liga Mexicana de Voleibol Varonil (LMVV) Liga MXA Independiente Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional Femenil (LNBPF) Liga Norte de Coahuila (LNC) Liga Norte de México (LNM) Liga Peninsular de Béisbol (LPB) Liga Premier de México Liga TDP Major Arena Soccer League (MASL) Major Arena Soccer League 2 (M2, MASL2) Mexican major rugby league Mexican Roller Hockey National League NBA G League (G League) National Student Organization of American Football (ONEFA) National Student Sports Commission of Private Institutions (CONADEIP) Other individual sports leagues NASCAR PEAK Mexico Series International sporting events hosted by Mexico 1968 Summer Olympics 1926 Central American and Caribbean Games 1954 Central American and Caribbean Games 1990 Central American and Caribbean Games 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games 1955 Pan American Games 1975 Pan American Games 2011 Pan American Games 1969 World Judo Championships 1970 FIFA World Cup 1986 FIFA World Cup 1983 FIFA World Youth Championship 2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup 2012 FIFRA Club Championship 1974 FIVB Men's Volleyball World Championship 1974 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship 1979 Summer Universiade 1993 CONCACAF Gold Cup 2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup 2007–2008 FIBA Americas League 2008–2009 FIBA Americas League 2007 World Chess Championship 2008 World Polo Championship 2009 World Baseball Classic (Pool B) 2013 World Taekwondo Championships 2014 World Cup Taekwondo Team Championships 2015 World Cup Taekwondo Team Championships 2026 FIFA World Cup with Canada and United States Italic text indicates upcoming events hosted by Mexico. Sports entertainment Lucha libre (wrestling) Mexican professional wrestling, which is known as lucha libre, has been a popular spectacle in Mexico since 1933, when promoter Salvador Lutteroth Gonzales founded Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre. Like other forms of professional wrestling, it is not strictly a sport, but rather a form of sports entertainment, as matches usually have predetermined outcomes. Lucha libre is characterized by rapid sequences of holds and moves, as well as spectacular high-flying moves, many of which have been adopted in the United States. The two most popular lucha libre promotions are Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), and Lucha Libre AAA World Wide (AAA). Notable wrestling stars include El Santo, Blue Demon, and Mil Máscaras. The original "Big Three" of the lucha libre tradition in Mexico, other legendary wrestlers are Perro Aguayo, Rayo de Jalisco, and Huracán Ramírez. In 2019, Alberto Del Rio and fellow professional wrestler Chavo Guerrero Jr. created their own promotion, Nación Lucha Libre. The promotion aired its first show on a television channel. Recently, Mexican wrestlers had more participation in foreign wrestling companies like WWE, AEW, ROH, NWA, IMPACT and NJPW; these wrestlers are Blue Demon Jr, Alberto Del Rio, Rush, Bandido, Penta 0M, Rey Fenix, Thunder Rosa, Andrade El Idolo, Dralístico, Dragon Lee, Laredo Kid, Flamita, Metalik, Komander, Humberto Carrillo, Angel Garza, Santos Escobar, etc. See also Football in Mexico List of Mexican boxing world champions 1968 Summer Olympics Liga MX Liga de Expansión MX Ascenso MX Mexican Pacific League Mexican League Mexico–Puerto Rico boxing rivalry Mexico–United States soccer rivalry Prince Hubertus of Hohenlohe-Langenburg Gilberto Hernández Guerrero Manuel León Hoyos Siquitibum Sports marketing in Mexico List of Mexican records in swimming References Further reading Arbena, Joseph L., ed. Sport and Society in Latin America: Diffusionism, Dependency, and the Rise of Mass Culture. New York: Greenwood Press 1988. Klein, Alan M. "Baseball Wars: The Mexican Baseball League and Nationalism in 1946." Studies in Latin American Popular Culture 14 (1994) External links Complete list of Mexico sports federations Federación Mexicana de Raquetbol – Women's Mexican Racquetball Federation
"Secular Haze" is a song by the Swedish rock band Ghost. The track was released as the lead single from the group's second studio album Infestissumam. The song reached number 22 on The Official Finnish Charts. Background and release On December 14, 2012, the website SecularHaze.com was created by Ghost. The website contained a sound clip of a new Ghost song without vocals. On the page was a clock ticking backwards and five candles, each playing one element of the new song when the user hovered over it with the mouse. The next day, the band uploaded a new song to their official YouTube channel, also called "Secular Haze". Later that day, they performed a special concert in their hometown of Linköping, Sweden, performing the entire Opus Eponymous record along with "Secular Haze" and their cover of "I'm a Marionette". Before "Secular Haze" was performed, Papa Emeritus, the band's vocalist, disappeared into the black of the stage to be replaced by Papa Emeritus II. After this concert, SecularHaze.com was updated to include a sixth candle containing the vocal track of the song "Secular Haze". Four days later, the band announced the title of their second album, Infestissumam, along with the webpage Infestissumam.com which showed the album's track list. "Secular Haze" was the album's first single, given as a free digital download to fans signing up to the band's mailing list from December 15, 2012. A limited pressing of 10" vinyl records of the single was later released. On choosing "Secular Haze" as the first single, a Ghoul said "we wanted to present a song from the new record that sort of stood on its own but without being too far off from the first record". The single's B-side is the cover of ABBA's "I'm a Marionette", which features Dave Grohl of Nirvana and Foo Fighters on drums as well as production. The collaboration happened when, before going to Nashville to record the album, Ghost had a bunch of covers demoed and were discussing if they should squeeze them onto the album. " ... we were at a festival in Europe and Foo Fighters was playing, and we knew that Dave was a fan, and [when we talked to him] after a few handshakes and a few laughs, we were like Okay, so you liked the band? So do you want to do something? And he said yeah, and one month later we were in [his studio in] L.A. doing that." Ghost's version of "I'm a Marionette" was included on the deluxe and Japanese editions of Infestissumam. It and the other material recorded with Grohl was also released on the If You Have Ghost EP, which also includes a live performance of "Secular Haze". The band Tub Ring covered the song on their 2017 album A Choice of Catastrophes. Music video Ghost recorded their first music video for "Secular Haze" in Linköping, with director Amir Chamdin. It was uploaded to the band's official YouTube channel on February 19, 2013. The video shows a performance of the band on a stage, reminiscent of a 1970s television show. Track listing Personnel Papa Emeritus II − vocals Nameless Ghouls – all instrumentalists: lead guitarist , bassist , keyboardist , drummer , rhythm guitarist Dave Grohl – drums and production on "I'm a Marionette" Alan Forbes – artwork References External links depicting the retiring of Papa Emeritus and his replacement by Papa Emeritus II Ghost (Swedish band) songs 2012 songs 2012 singles Songs written by Tobias Forge Music videos directed by Amir Chamdin
Oakley Hill is a historic plantation house located near Mechanicsville, Hanover County, Virginia. It was built about 1839 and expanded in the 1850s. It is a two-story, frame I-house dwelling in the Greek Revival style. On the rear of the house is a 1910 one-story ell. The house sits on a brick foundation, has a standing seam metal low gable roof, and interior end chimneys. The front facade features a one-story front porch with four Tuscan order columns and a Tuscan entablature. Also on the property are a contributing smokehouse and servants' house. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995. References Plantation houses in Virginia Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia Greek Revival houses in Virginia Houses completed in 1839 Houses in Hanover County, Virginia National Register of Historic Places in Hanover County, Virginia
Dillon Maggard (born 16 October 1995) is an American middle and long-distance runner. He competed collegiately for the Utah State Aggies, where he was a nine-time All American. He now works as an assistant coach for the team. He competed in the 3000 metres at the 2022 World Athletics Indoor Championships, where he placed 9th in the final. Personal bests Outdoor 800 metres – 1:51.21 (Boise 2016) 1500 metres – 3:36.18 (Los Angeles 2019) Mile – 3:55.51 (Falmouth, MA 2023) 5000 metres – 13:16.55 (Los Angeles 2023) 10,000 metres – 27:37.26 (Palo Alto 2023) Indoor 800 metres – 1:52.33 (Boise 2018) Mile – 4:01.25 (College Station 2019) 3000 metres – 7:46.18 (Beograd 2022) Two miles – 8:33.28 (New York 2019) 5000 metres – 13:13.62 (Boston 2022) References External links 1995 births Living people American male middle-distance runners American male long-distance runners Utah State Aggies men's track and field athletes Sportspeople from Kirkland, Washington
Chalmers United Church in Kingston, Ontario, Canada is a United Church of Canada church. It is located on a triangular property at the intersection of Clergy, Barrie and Earl streets, immediately bordering the north-east corner of Queen's University. It is one of four churches located within 600m along Clergy Street (the other three are St. Mary's Cathedral, St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church, and Queen Street United Church). It is named after Thomas Chalmers. History The building was constructed in 1890 as The Chalmers Free Presbyterian Church. It was renamed to Chalmers United Church in 1925 with the creation of the United Church of Canada. References External links Chalmers United Church (Kingston) United Church of Canada churches in Ontario Churches in Kingston, Ontario Designated heritage properties in Ontario
Alan Mahood (born 26 March 1973) is a Scottish former professional footballer who played for numerous clubs including: Greenock Morton, Kilmarnock, Ross County and St Johnstone. External links Living people 1973 births Scottish men's footballers Greenock Morton F.C. players Nottingham Forest F.C. players Kilmarnock F.C. players Ross County F.C. players St Johnstone F.C. players Scottish Premier League players Men's association football midfielders Scottish Football League players Footballers from Kilwinning Queen's Park F.C. non-playing staff
Family tree of the First Dynasty of Egypt, ruling ancient Egypt in the 32nd century BCE to the 30th century BCE. Chart 01 04 Family tree 32nd century BC in Egypt 31st century BC in Egypt 30th century BC in Egypt
Wheelchair basketball event at the 2015 Parapan American Games was played from 8 to 15 August 2015 at the Ryerson Athletic Centre. It served as the qualifier for the 2016 Summer Paralympics. Participating nations Men's tournament Women's tournament Medal summary Medal table Medalists References External links Basketball results Events at the 2015 Parapan American Games
Blue Mountain is an unincorporated community in Moffat County, in the U.S. state of Colorado. History Blue Mountain was founded sometime between 1910 and 1954. It is named for a nearby mountain, which is also called Blue Mountain. The post office in Dinosaur serves Blue Mountain addresses. References Unincorporated communities in Moffat County, Colorado
Shyamji Krishna Varma Nagar also known as S. K. VarmaNagar and commonly known as VarmaNagar is a City of India, developed in the 1970s, which is located in the Lakhpat Taluka of Kutch District of Gujarat. It is named after famous freedom fighter from Kutch, Shyamji Krishna Varma. The town is located at a distance of 14 kilometers from Taluka headquarters of Lakhpat and 110 km from district headquarters of Bhuj. Originally the town was developed as a township of Gujarat Mineral Development Corporation Limited (GMDC). In 1979 government announced a power project to also develop the township of GEB (now Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Limited) in the same location. Currently this is the only township of both the GMDC and GSECL. The town has a School, which is also named as Shree Shyamji Krishna Varma Vidyalay. There are hospitals run by Gujarat Electricity Board (GEB) and Gujarat Mineral Development Corporation(GMDC Ltd.) and also a small industrial area. A lignite-based power plant is near the town, which generates and provides electricity to many areas of Kutch. Varma Nagar is located near the Panandhro Lignite Mines and main population of the town are dependent upon these mines and associated business connected to it. The town hosts the Pandhro Geological Museum which holds in display fossils of Paleozoic era found in these mines. Education Primary, Secondary and Higher Education school Shyamji Krishna Varma vidhyalaya, the first high school of S.k.varmanagr, established in 16/06/1961. Its established by Shree S.K.Diwan (Project Manager of GMDC Ltd.), Shree S.N.Mathur (Mines Manager of GMDC Ltd.), Shree R.C.Shah (Administrative Officer) and Shree K.N.Limbadiya. firstly it was known as a "Shree Lignite Education Trust". References Cities and towns in Kutch district Populated places established in 1970
Fernwood is a village and civil parish in the Newark and Sherwood district of Nottinghamshire, England. The parish, which then included Balderton, had a population of 10,298 in 2001. It is a suburb of Newark-on-Trent. The population of the civil parish was given as 2,190 in the 2011 Census. Balderton was by that time a separate civil parish. References External links Villages in Nottinghamshire Newark and Sherwood
The family Alucitidae, consists of the moths known as the many-plumed moths. This is a list of the Australian members of Alucitidae. It also acts as an index to the species articles and forms part of the full List of moths of Australia. Alucita acascaea (Turner, 1913) Alucita agapeta (Turner, 1913) Alucita phricodes Meyrick, 1886 Alucita pygmaea Meyrick, 1890 Alucita xanthodes Meyrick, 1890 Alucita xanthosticta (Turner, 1923) External links Alucitidae at the Australian Faunal Directory Alucitidae
Michael Shulman (born April 28, 1973) is an American writer, artist, and pop culture expert, residing in Las Vegas, Nevada. Early life and family Shulman was born in Seattle, Washington to Jan Shulman, an artist, and Barry Shulman, CEO of CardPlayer Magazine and American poker player. Shulman has one brother, Jeff Shulman, an American poker player and current editor of CardPlayer Magazine and its ancillary publications in Europe, Asia, Latin and South America, and Scandinavia, as well as the website, CardPlayer.com. Michael's family traveled extensively during the brothers' childhoods, having made cross-country moves from Seattle, WA to Scarsdale, NY, then back to Seattle, WA, then to New York, NY, then to Newport Beach, CA, and back to Seattle, WA – all by the time Shulman was in 5th Grade. Shulman attended the Lakeside School (Seattle, WA), Choate Rosemary Hall (Wallingford, CT), Tulane University (New Orleans, LA), and University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), where in 1995 he graduated with a BA in Media and Popular Culture with a Minor Concentration in Merchandising, Fashion, and Consumer Studies. Personal life Shulman was entered into a Domestic Partnership with Jacob Mitchell, an expert on archival vintage designer fashion and accessories. The couple was legally partnered by Nevada Secretary of State Ross Miller on October 10, 2010. Their partnership was dissolved in 2013. Work as a DJ Shulman has been an accomplished DJ since his youth. By the age of 14, he was spinning music for the bi-weekly dances, at his prep school, Choate Rosemary Hall. Shulman has spun his singular style of music (described as "New York VIP Room/Lounge Music") at a host of high-profile Las Vegas venues such as Rain Nightclub and Ghostbar at the Palms Casino Resort, Light and Caramel at Bellagio, and JET at The Mirage; as well as national hot spots such as New York's Bungalow 8 and Man Ray, as well as Honolulu's Diamond Head Grill. Shulman has also DJed private events for A-list companies and notable clients including Christian Dior, Emilio Pucci, Lanvin, Tod's, Vanity Fair, BlackBook, Dom Pérignon, Tommy Hilfiger, Wynn Las Vegas, DKNY, Elie Tahari, Vogue, Neiman Marcus, UGG and Shanghai Tang. Shulman was also selected to DJ a pre-Emmys party thrown by Los Angeles Confidential for actress Kyra Sedgwick. Written works Shulman is a published writer whose fields of expertise include luxury lifestyles, travel, popular culture, and Las Vegas. His work has appeared in several magazines and periodicals including PAPER, BlackBook, Ocean Drive, CardPlayer Magazine, 944, Vegas Seven, BPM, VEGAS Magazine, Los Angeles Confidential, and Gotham Magazine. Concurrently, over a six-year period, Shulman served in various roles, including contributing writer, contributing editor, and pop culture editor for VEGAS Magazine, where his longtime "Diva Las Vegas" column enjoyed a cult-like popularity. ShulmanSays In Fall 2009, Shulman rolled-out his online magazine, ShulmanSays; which is currently garnering upwards of 200,000-page-views, each month. Shulman as a pop culture expert Shulman has been quoted in Departures and in The New York Times (in the Sunday Styles section, and the Sunday Travel section). Additionally, Shulman has appeared on several TV shows and miniseries, such as Travel Channel's Vegas Revolution, 21 Sinful Vegas Hotspots, and VH1's I Love the New Millennium. Art and photography Shulman is an accomplished photographer and artist. His work has been sold at auction at Christie's and Phillips de Pury & Co. and can be found in the collections of Tom Breitling, Greg Calejo and Thom Filicia, Donna D'Cruz and Tom Silverman, Sir Elton John and David Furnish, Camille and Larry Ruvo, Amy Sacco, Alison Sarofim, Amy Sedaris, and Reagan Silber among others. Shulman's technique involves transferring his photography onto large-format canvas and then enhancing the canvas with Make-up Art Cosmetics/M۰A۰C Cosmetics. Shulman's first solo exhibit, Beauty from Above, included a dozen of Shulman's signature painted photos on canvas featuring perspectives of Las Vegas chandeliers. Philanthropy Shulman is an active philanthropist in Las Vegas and nationwide, via his position as Vice President of the Shulman Family Foundation. He's also an active supporter and adviser to such charities as After School All Stars, Communities in Schools, Free Arts NYC, Human Rights Campaign, Nathan Adelson Hospice, Make-a-Wish Foundation, Opportunity Village, Patrick Kelly Youth Foundation, and Keep Memory Alive for the Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health. Shulman was presented the key to Las Vegas by Mayor Oscar Goodman on October 29, 2009. References External links http://www.ShulmanSays.com/ 1973 births Living people Writers from Seattle Writers from the Las Vegas Valley American male writers Jewish American writers Lakeside School (Seattle) alumni Choate Rosemary Hall alumni Tulane University alumni University of Arizona alumni 21st-century American Jews
Spectrum is a five-storey modern office building in Bristol, United Kingdom. The building began construction in 1982 and was completed in 1984. It was designed by BGP Group Architects. The building is in close proximity to Cabot Circus. Companies occupying offices in the building include Morgan McKinley, Civica and Bupa Healthcare. References Buildings and structures in Bristol Office buildings completed in 1984 Modern architecture in the United Kingdom
Mex Urtizberea (born October 25, 1960, in Buenos Aires, Argentina) is an Argentine musician, actor, writer, conductor and comedian. In 1980, Mex formed a group called MIA (Músicos Independientes Asociados), along with Lito Vitale. Then in 1988, he made his first album with his band La Sonora del Plata. Then in 1994, along with Alfredo Casero and Lito Vitale, recorded Gestando a la Halibour. External links Official Home Page References 1960 births Argentine male actors Argentine male writers Argentine comedians Living people
Cosmonaut Keep is a science fiction novel by Scottish writer Ken MacLeod, published in 2000. It is the first book in the Engines of Light Trilogy, a 2001 nominee for the Arthur C. Clarke Award, and a 2002 Hugo Award Nominee for best novel. Reception Publishers Weekly had mostly praise for the novel saying: Reference in other work In Cosmonaut Keep, MacLeod makes fleeting reference to a future programmers' union called the "Information Workers of the World Wide Web", or the Webblies, a reference to the Industrial Workers of the World, who are nicknamed the Wobblies. The idea of the Webblies formed a central part of a later novel For the Win by Cory Doctorow, where it is given much greater prominence. MacLeod is acknowledged by Doctorow as coining the terms. References External links Cosmonaut Keep at Worlds Without End 2000 British novels 2000 science fiction novels Novels by Ken MacLeod Orbit Books books
is the 18th studio album by Japanese singer/songwriter Mari Hamada, released on October 26, 2005 by Meldac/Tokuma Japan. The album was reissued alongside Hamada's past releases on January 15, 2014. Elan peaked at No. 78 on Oricon's albums chart. Track listing All lyrics are written by Mari Hamada; all music is arranged by Hiroyuki Ohtsuki and Mari Hamada. Charts Personnel Hiroyuki Ohtsuki – guitar, bass Takashi Masuzaki – guitar Yōichi Fujii – guitar Hiroshi Matsubara – bass Takanobu Masuda – keyboards Kevin Savigor – keyboards Yōgo Kōno – keyboards Hiroshi Yamazaki – keyboards Hirotsugu Homma – drums References External links (Mari Hamada) Official website (Tokuma Japan) 2005 albums Japanese-language albums Mari Hamada albums Tokuma Shoten albums
Michael K. Locke (October 3, 1952 – June 23, 2014) was an American politician. From Kingsport, Tennessee, Locke was a veteran and went to Walters State Community College. He owned Hot Dog Hut in Kingsport, Tennessee. He served in the Tennessee House of Representatives briefly, in 2002, as a Republican succeeding Keith Westmoreland who died in office. Locke was killed in a hit and run accident in Colonial Heights, Tennessee. Notes 1952 births 2014 deaths People from Kingsport, Tennessee Military personnel from Tennessee Businesspeople from Tennessee Road incident deaths in Tennessee Republican Party members of the Tennessee House of Representatives Walters State Community College alumni 20th-century American businesspeople
OpenWSN is a project created at the University of California Berkeley and extended at the INRIA and at the Open University of Catalonia (UOC) which aims to build an open standard-based and open source implementation of a complete constrained network protocol stack for wireless sensor networks and Internet of Things. The root of OpenWSN is a deterministic MAC layer implementing the IEEE 802.15.4e TSCH based on the concept of Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH). Above the MAC layer, the Low Power Lossy Network stack is based on IETF standards including the IETF 6TiSCH management and adaptation layer (a minimal configuration profile, 6top protocol and different scheduling functions). The stack is complemented by an implementation of 6LoWPAN, RPL in non-storing mode, UDP and CoAP, enabling access to devices running the stack from the native IPv6 through open standards. OpenWSN is related to other projects including the following: RIOT OpenMote OpenWSN is available for Linux, Windows and OS X platforms. Current release of OpenWSN is 1.14.0. References Wireless sensor network Internet of things Ambient intelligence Emerging technologies
William Y. Hutchinson (4 September 1916 – 4 December 2006) was an American industrialist and philanthropist, the chairman of the Board of the Continental Scale Corporation,. He received a BA from Cornell University and an MBA from the University of Chicago. and also completed course work for a PhD in philosophy from Chicago. He later received an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary, where he was also chairman of the board. The Professorship in Ethics and Public Life at Cornell University is named after him and his wife, Wyn. References 1916 births 2006 deaths 20th-century American educators Cornell University alumni 20th-century American philanthropists 20th-century American philosophers University of Chicago alumni
The Eparchy of Parma () is an eparchy (diocese) of the Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church in the midwestern part of the United States. Its episcopal seat is the Cathedral of St. John the Baptist in Parma, Ohio. As an Eastern Catholic Church, it uses the Byzantine Rite in its services. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archeparchy of Pittsburgh in the ecclesiastical province of Pittsburgh. The metropolis is dependent upon the Roman Congregation for the Oriental Churches). The eparchy is sometimes styled as the "Byzantine Catholic Eparchy of Parma", referring to the title that the Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church uses in the United States. Statistics , the Byzantine Catholic Eparchy of Parma pastorally served 9,020 Eastern Catholics in Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri and Ohio in 28 parishes and 5 missions with 36 priests (diocesan), 16 deacons, 6 lay religious (6 sisters), 2 seminarians. Ten parishes in the Youngstown, Ohio area are part of the Byzantine Catholic Archeparchy of Pittsburgh. History The eparchy was erected on 21 February 1969 by Pope Paul VI as the Eparchy of Parma (of the Ruthenians) / Eparchia Parmen(sis) Ruthenorum (Latin), on US territory split off from its present Metropolitan, then the Eparchy (Diocese) of Pittsburgh). On 22 March 1969, Father John Mihalik was appointed as its first ordinary. He was consecrated as its eparch by Archbishop Stephen Kocisko on 12 June 1969. On 30 May 1983, Father Andrew Pataki was appointed as the Auxiliary Bishop of the Eparchy of Passaic and consecrated by Kocisko on 23 August 1983 with the title of Titular Bishop of Telmissus. When Mihalik died on 27 January 1984 Parma's see became sede vacante. Pataki was appointed as the eparch on June 19, 1984 and was installed on August 16, 1985. The eparchy lost ecclesiastical territory on 3 December 1981 when the Eparchy of Van Nuys was erected. Episcopal Ordinaries The following bishops have been appointed as ordinaries of Parma eparchy. Emil John Mihalik (1969-1984) Andrew Pataki (1984-1995), appointed Bishop of Passaic of the Ruthenians Basil Myron Schott, O.F.M., (1996-2002), appointed Archbishop of Pittsburgh of the Ruthenians John Michael Kudrick (2002-2016) Milan Lach, S.J. (2018–2023) Kurt Burnette (Apostolic Administrator, 2023) Robert Mark Pipta (Elect, 2023) Churches St. Basil the Great Byzantine Catholic Church Sterling Heights, MI Sacred Heart Byzantine Catholic Church Livonia, MI St. Michael Byzantine Catholic Church Toledo St. Louis Byzantine Catholic Mission St. Louis, Missouri Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist Parma, Ohio St. John the Baptist Byzantine Catholic Church Minneapolis, Minnesota St. Mary Byzantine Catholic Church Marblehead, Ohio See also Byzantine Catholic Metropolitan Church of Pittsburgh Byzantine Catholic Archeparchy of Pittsburgh Byzantine Catholic Eparchy of Passaic Byzantine Catholic Eparchy of Phoenix Byzantine Catholic Exarchate of Saints Cyril and Methodius of Toronto References Sources and external links Ruthenian Catholic Eparchy of Parma Official Site The Archeparchy of Pittsburgh Metropolia of Pittsburgh GCatholic, with Google map -data for all sections Eparchy of Parma (Ruthenian) at Catholic-Hierarchy.org Parma Parma Parma, Ohio Parma Christian organizations established in 1969 Rusyn-American culture in Illinois Rusyn-American culture in Ohio 1969 establishments in the United States Eastern Catholicism in Ohio
```smalltalk /* This file is part of the iText (R) project. Authors: Apryse Software. This program is offered under a commercial and under the AGPL license. For commercial licensing, contact us at path_to_url For AGPL licensing, see below. AGPL licensing: This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the along with this program. If not, see <path_to_url */ using System; using iText.IO.Font.Woff2.W3c; namespace iText.IO.Font.Woff2.W3c.Decoder { public class ValidationOff088Test : W3CWoff2DecodeTest { protected internal override String GetFontName() { return "validation-off-088"; } protected internal override String GetTestInfo() { return "Valid WOFF file from the fire format tests, the decoded file should run through a font validator to confirm the OFF structure validity."; } protected internal override bool IsFontValid() { return true; } } } ```
Carter Malkasian (born 1975) is a historian and the chair of the defense analysis department at the Naval Postgraduate School. He is a former adviser to American military commanders in Afghanistan. Career Malkasian earned a doctorate in military history from the University of Oxford, where he studied under Robert O'Neill. After completing his studies, he became a teacher at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles. He then worked at the Center for Naval Analyses before spending time in Iraq conducting research in 2004 and 2006. In 2007, he worked with a Provincial Reconstruction Team in Kunar Province in Afghanistan. He returned to Afghanistan in 2009 and spent two years in Garmsir District in Helmand Province as a State Department representative to the district. In Garsmir, he was known for his ability to speak Pashto and his rejection of typical personal security precautions. From May 2013 to August 2014, he worked as a political adviser to General Joseph Dunford, the commander of the U.S. forces in Afghanistan. Works In 2013, Malkasian published War Comes to Garmser: Thirty Years of Conflict on the Afghan Frontier. The book is modeled on Jeffrey Race's 1972 work War Comes to Long An, an analysis of the Vietnam War. The book is a history of conflict in Garmsir District from 1979 to 2012. Illusions of Victory: The Anbar Awakening and the Rise of the Islamic State (2017) deals with the Anbar Awakening and the Iraq War troop surge of 2007, and attempts to explain why those events did not lead to lasting peace in Iraq. The American War in Afghanistan: A History (2021) is a comprehensive history of the war, arguing that one of the primary reasons for the Taliban's success was their deep connection to the religious and social identity of Afghanistan, and that the inability of the American-supported Afghan government to attract popular support and retain control of the country was due to Afghans’ viewing the American military as a foreign occupying power, writing, “The very presence of Americans in Afghanistan trod on what it meant to be Afghan… Any Afghan government, however good, however democratic, was going to be imperiled as long as it was aligned with the United States.” See also David Kilcullen – counterinsurgency expert and adviser to commanders in Iraq and Afghanistan Emma Sky – political adviser to U.S. commanders in Iraq References 1975 births Alumni of the University of Oxford American military historians American people of the Iraq War American people of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) Living people
The political history of medieval Karnataka spans the 4th to the 16th centuries, when the empires that evolved in the Karnataka region of India made a lasting impact on the subcontinent. Before this, alien empires held sway over the region, and the nucleus of power was outside modern Karnataka. The medieval era can be broadly divided into several periods: The earliest native kingdoms and imperialism; the successful domination of the Gangetic plains in northern India and rivalry with the empires of Tamilakam over the Vengi region; and the domination of the southern Deccan and consolidation against Muslim invasion. The origins of the rise of the Karnataka region as an independent power date back to the fourth-century birth of the Kadamba Dynasty of Banavasi, the earliest of the native rulers to conduct administration in the native language of Kannada in addition to the official Sanskrit. This is the historical starting point in studying the development of the region as an enduring geopolitical entity and of Kannada as an important regional language. In the southern regions of Karnataka, the Western Gangas of Talakad were contemporaries of the Kadambas. The Kadambas and Gangas were followed by the imperial dynasties of the Badami Chalukya Empire, the Rashtrakuta Empire, the Western Chalukya Empire, the Hoysala Empire and the Vijayanagara Empire, all patronising the ancient Indic religions while showing tolerance to the new cultures arriving from the west of the subcontinent. The Muslim invasion of the Deccan resulted in the breaking away of the feudatory Sultanates in the 14th century. The rule of the Bahamani Sultanate of Bidar and the Bijapur Sultanate from the northern Deccan region caused a mingling of the ancient Hindu traditions with the nascent Islamic culture in the region. The hereditary ruling families and clans ably served the large empires and upheld the local culture and traditions. The fall of the Vijayanagara Empire in 1565 brought about a slow disintegration of Kannada-speaking regions into minor kingdoms that struggled to maintain autonomy in an age dominated by foreigners until unification and independence in 1947. Kadambas and Gangas Prior to and during the early centuries of the first millennium, large areas of the Karnataka region was ruled by such imperial powers as the Mauryas of Maghada and later the Satavahanas, empires whose centres of power were in the Gangetic plains and Central India respectively. With the weakening of the Satavahanas, the Pallavas of Kanchi took control for a brief duration. In the 4th century, the rise to power of the Kadamba Dynasty of Banavasi identified the Karnataka region as an independent political entity and Kannada as an administrative language from the middle of the 5th century. The Kadambas were natives of the Talagunda region (in modern Shivamogga district) as proven by inscriptions. Mayurasharma, a Brahmin native of Talagunda who was humiliated by a Pallava guard, rose in rage against the Pallava control of the Banavasi region and declared his independence in 345. After many wars, the Pallava king had to accept the sovereignty of the Kadambas and Mayurasharma, the founding king, crowned himself at Banavasi (in the present day Uttara Kannada district). The fact that the Kadambas cultivated marital ties with the imperial Vakatakas and Gupta dynasties attests to their power. Kakusthavarma, the most powerful ruler of the dynasty whom inscriptions describe as "ornament of the Kadamba family" and "Sun among the kings of wide spread flame", gave one daughter in marriage to Vakataka Narendrasena and another to Skandagupta, grandson of Chandragupta II of the Gupta dynasty. Historians trace their rise to political power through the examination of the contemporaneous Sanskrit writing, Aichitya Vichara Charcha by Kshemendra, which quotes portions of a writing Kunthalesvara Dautya by the famous poet Kalidasa. Here Kalidasa describes his visit to the Kadamba kingdom as an ambassador where he was not offered a seat in the court of the Kadamba king and had to sit on the ground. Historians view this act as one of assertion by the Kadambas who considered themselves equal to the imperial Gupta dynasty. Family feuds and conflicts ended the Kadamba rule in the middle of the 6th century when the last Kadamba ruler Krishna Varma II was subdued by Pulakeshin I of the Chalukya feudatory, ending their sovereign rule. The Kadambas would continue to rule parts of Karnataka and Goa for many centuries to come but never again as an independent kingdom. Some historians view the Kadambas as the originators of the Karnataka architectural tradition although there were elements in common with the structures built by the contemporaneous Pallavas of Kanchi. The oldest surviving Kadamba structure is one dating to the late 5th century in Halsi in modern Belgaum district. The most prominent feature of their architectural style, one that remained popular centuries later and was used by the Hoysalas and the Vijayanagar kings, is the Kadamba Shikara (Kadamba tower) with a Kalasa (pot) on top. The Western Ganga Dynasty, contemporaries of the Kadambas, came to power from Kolar but in the late 4th century - early 5th century moved their capital to Talakad in modern Mysore district. They ruled the region historically known as Gangavadi comprising most of the modern southern districts of Karnataka. Acting as a buffer state between the Kannada kingdoms of Karnataka region and the Tamil kingdoms of Tamilakam, the Western Ganga architectural innovations show mixed influences. Their sovereign rule ended around the same time as the Kadambas when they came under the Badami Chalukya control. The Western Gangas continued to rule as a feudatory until the beginning of the eleventh century when they were defeated by the Cholas of Tanjavur. Important figures among the Gangas were King Durvinita and Shivamara II, admired as able warriors and scholars, and minister Chavundaraya who was a builder, a warrior and a writer in Kannada and Sanskrit. The most important architectural contributions of these Gangas are the monuments and basadis of Shravanabelagola, the monolith of Gomateshwara termed as the mightiest achievement in the field of sculpture in ancient Karnataka and the Panchakuta basadi ( five towers) at Kambadahalli. Their free standing pillars (called Mahasthambhas and Brahmasthambhas) and Hero stones (virgal) with sculptural detail are also considered a unique contribution. Badami Chalukyas The Chalukya dynasty, natives of the Aihole and Badami region in Karnataka, were at first a feudatory of the Kadambas. They encouraged the use of Kannada in addition to the Sanskrit language in their administration. In the middle of the 6th century the Chalukyas came into their own when Pulakeshin I made the hill fortress in Badami his center of power. During the rule of Pulakeshin II a south Indian empire sent expeditions to the north past the Tapti River and Narmada River for the first time and successfully defied Harshavardhana, the King of Northern India (Uttarapatheswara). The Aihole inscription of Pulakeshin II, written in classical Sanskrit language and old Kannada script dated 634, proclaims his victories against the Kingdoms of Kadambas, Western Gangas, Alupas of South Canara, Mauryas of Puri, Kingdom of Kosala, Malwa, Lata and Gurjaras of southern Rajasthan. The inscription describes how King Harsha of Kannauj lost his Harsha (joyful disposition) on seeing a large number of his war elephants die in battle against Pulakeshin II. These victories earned him the title Dakshinapatha Prithviswamy (lord of the south). Pulakeshin II continued his conquests in the east where he conquered all kingdoms in his way and reached the Bay of Bengal in present-day Orissa. A Chalukya viceroyalty was set up in Gujarat and Vengi (coastal Andhra) and princes from the Badami family were dispatched to rule them. Having subdued the Pallavas of Kanchipuram, he accepted tributes from the Pandyas of Madurai, Chola dynasty and Cheras of the Kerala region. Pulakeshin II thus became the master of India, south of the Narmada River. Pulakeshin II is widely regarded as one of the great kings in Indian history. Hiuen-Tsiang, a Chinese traveller visited the court of Pulakeshin II at this time and Persian emperor Khosrau II exchanged ambassadors. However, the continuous wars with Pallavas took a turn for the worse in 642 when the Pallava king Narasimhavarman I avenged his father's defeat, conquered and plundered the capital of Pulakeshin II who may have died in battle. A century later, Chalukya Vikramaditya II marched victoriously into Kanchipuram, the Pallava capital and occupied it on three occasions, the third time under the leadership of his son and crown prince Kirtivarman II. He thus avenged the earlier humiliation of the Chalukyas by the Pallavas and engraved a Kannada inscription on the victory pillar at the Kailasanatha Temple. He later overran the other traditional kingdoms of Tamil country, the Pandyas, Cholas and Keralas in addition to subduing a Kalabhra ruler. The Kappe Arabhatta record from this period (700) in tripadi (three line) metre is considered the earliest available record in Kannada poetics. The most enduring legacy of the Chalukya dynasty is the architecture and art that they left behind. More than one hundred and fifty monuments attributed to them, built between 450 and 700, have survived in the Malaprabha basin in Karnataka. The constructions are centred in a relatively small area within the Chalukyan heartland. The structural temples at Pattadakal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the cave temples of Badami, the temples at Mahakuta and early experiments in temple building at Aihole are their most celebrated monuments. Two of the famous paintings at Ajanta cave no. 1, "The Temptation of the Buddha" and "The Persian Embassy" are also credited to them. Further, they influenced the architecture in far off places like Gujarat and Vengi as evidenced in the Nava Brahma temples at Alampur. Rashtrakutas In the middle of the 8th century the Chalukya rule was ended by their feudatory, the Rashtrakuta family rulers of Berar (in present-day Amravati district of Maharashtra). Sensing an opportunity during a weak period in the Chalukya rule, Dantidurga trounced the great Chalukyan "Karnatabala" (power of Karnata). Having overthrown the Chalukyas, the Rashtrakutas made Manyakheta their capital (modern Malkhed in Kalaburagi district). Although the origins of the early Rashtrakuta ruling families in central India and the Deccan in the 6th and 7th centuries is controversial, during the eighth through the tenth centuries they emphasised the importance of the Kannada language in conjunction with Sanskrit in their administration. Rashtrakuta inscriptions are in Kannada and Sanskrit only. They encouraged literature in both languages and thus literature flowered under their rule. The Rashtrakutas quickly became the most powerful Deccan empire, making their initial successful forays into the doab region of Ganges River and Jamuna River during the rule of Dhruva Dharavarsha. The rule of his son Govinda III signaled a new era with Rashtrakuta victories against the Pala Dynasty of Bengal and Gurjara Pratihara of north western India resulting in the capture of Kannauj. The Rashtrakutas held Kannauj intermittently during a period of a tripartite struggle for the resources of the rich Gangetic plains. Because of Govinda III's victories, historians have compared him to Alexander the Great and Pandava Arjuna of the Hindu epic Mahabharata. The Sanjan inscription states the horses of Govinda III drank the icy water of the Himalayan stream and his war elephants tasted the sacred waters of the Ganges River. Amoghavarsha I, eulogised by contemporary Arab traveller Sulaiman as one among the four great emperors of the world, succeeded Govinda III to the throne and ruled during an important cultural period that produced landmark writings in Kannada and Sanskrit. The benevolent development of Jain religion was a hallmark of his rule. Because of his religious temperament, his interest in the arts and literature and his peace-loving nature, he has been compared to emperor Ashoka. The rule of Indra III in the tenth century enhanced the Rashtrakuta position as an imperial power as they conquered and held Kannauj again. Krishna III followed Indra III to the throne in 939. A patron of Kannada literature and a powerful warrior, his reign marked the submission of the Paramara of Ujjain in the north and Cholas in the south. An Arabic writing Silsilatuttavarikh (851) called the Rashtrakutas one among the four principle empires of the world. Kitab-ul-Masalik-ul-Mumalik (912) called them the "greatest kings of India" and there were many other contemporaneous books written in their praise. The Rashtrakuta empire at its peak spread from Cape Comorin in the south to Kannauj in the north and from Banaras in the east to Broach (Bharuch) in the west. While the Rashtrakutas built many fine monuments in the Deccan, the most extensive and sumptuous of their work is the monolithic Kailasanatha temple at Ellora, the temple being a splendid achievement. In Karnataka their most famous temples are the Kashivishvanatha temple and the Jain Narayana temple at Pattadakal. All of the monuments are designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Western Chalukyas In the late 10th century, the Western Chalukyas, also known as the Kalyani Chalukyas or 'Later' Chalukyas rose to power by overthrowing the Rashtrakutas under whom they had been serving as feudatories. Manyakheta was their capital early on before they moved it to Kalyani (modern Basavakalyan). Whether the kings of this empire belonged to the same family line as their namesakes, the Badami Chalukyas is still debated. Whatever the Western Chalukya origins, Kannada remained their language of administration and the Kannada and Sanskrit literature of their time was prolific. Tailapa II, a feudatory ruler from Tardavadi (modern Bijapur district), re-established the Chalukya rule by defeating the Rashtrakutas during the reign of Karka II. He timed his rebellion to coincide with the confusion caused by the invading Paramara of Central India to the Rashtrakutas capital in 973. This era produced prolonged warfare with the Chola dynasty of Tamilakam for control of the resources of the Godavari River-Krishna River doab region in Vengi. Someshvara I, a brave Chalukyan king, successfully curtailed the growth of the Chola Empire to the south of the Tungabhadra River region despite suffering some defeats while maintaining control over his feudatories in the Konkan, Gujarat, Malwa and Kalinga regions. For approximately 100 years, beginning in the early 11th century, the Cholas occupied large areas of South Karnataka region (Gangavadi). In 1076, the ascent of the most famous king of this Chalukya family, Vikramaditya VI, changed the balance of power in favour of the Chalukyas. His fifty-year reign was an important period in Karnataka's history and is referred to as the "Chalukya Vikrama era". His victories over the Cholas in the late 11th and early 12th centuries put an end to the Chola influence in the Vengi region permanently. Some of the well-known contemporaneous feudatory families of the Deccan under Chalukya control were the Hoysalas, the Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri, the Kakatiya dynasty and the Southern Kalachuri. At their peak, the Western Chalukyas ruled a vast empire stretching from the Narmada River in the north to the Kaveri River in the south. Vikramaditya VI is considered one of the most influential kings of Indian history. Important architectural works were created by these Chalukyas, especially in the Tungabhadra river valley, that served as a conceptual link between the building idioms of the early Badami Chalukyas and the later Hoysalas. With the weakening of the Chalukyas in the decades following the death of Vikramaditya VI in 1126, the feudatories of the Chalukyas gained their independence. The Kalachuris of Karnataka, whose ancestors were immigrants into the southern deccan from central India, had ruled as a feudatory from Mangalavada (modern Mangalavedhe in Maharashtra). Bijjala II, the most powerful ruler of this dynasty, was a commander (mahamandaleswar) during the reign of Chalukya Vikramaditya VI. Seizing an opportune moment in the waning power of the Chalukyas, Bijjala II declared independence in 1157 and annexed their capital Kalyani. His rule was cut short by his assassination in 1167 and the ensuing civil war caused by his sons fighting over the throne ended the dynasty as the last Chalukya scion regained control of Kalyani. This victory however, was short-lived as the Chalukyas were eventually driven out by the Seuna Yadavas. Hoysalas The Hoysalas had become a powerful force even during their rule from Belur in the 11th century as a feudatory of the Chalukyas (in the south Karnataka region). In the early 12th century they successfully fought the Cholas in the south, convincingly defeating them in the battle of Talakad and moved their capital to nearby Halebidu. Historians refer to the founders of the dynasty as natives of Malnad Karnataka, based on the numerous inscriptions calling them Maleparolganda or "Lord of the Male (hills) chiefs" (Malepas). With the waning of the Western Chalukya power, the Hoysalas declared their independence in the late twelfth century. During this period of Hoysala control, distinctive Kannada literary metres such as Ragale (blank verse), Sangatya (meant to be sung to the accompaniment of a musical instrument), Shatpadi (six-line verse or sestet) etc. became widely accepted. The Hoysalas expanded the Vesara architecture stemming from the Chalukyas, culminating in the Hoysala architectural articulation and style as exemplified in the construction of the Chennakeshava Temple at Belur and the Hoysaleshwara Temple at Halebidu. Both these temples were built in commemoration of the victories of the Hoysala Vishnuvardhana against the Cholas in 1116. Veera Ballala II, the most effective of the Hoysala rulers, defeated the aggressive Pandya when they invaded the Chola kingdom and assumed the titles "Establisher of the Chola Kingdom" (Cholarajyapratishtacharya), "Emperor of the south" (Dakshina Chakravarthi) and "Hoysala emperor" (Hoysala Chakravarthi). The Hoysalas extended their foothold in areas known today as Tamil Nadu around 1225, making the city of Kannanur Kuppam near Srirangam a provincial capital. This gave them control over South Indian politics that began a period of Hoysala hegemony in the southern Deccan. In the early 13th century, with the Hoysala power remaining unchallenged, the first of the Muslim incursions into South India began. After over two decades of waging war against a foreign power, the Hoysala ruler at the time, Veera Ballala III, died in the battle of Madurai in 1343. This resulted in the merger of the sovereign territories of the Hoysala empire with the areas administered by Harihara I, founder of the Vijayanagara Empire, located in the Tungabhadra region in present-day Karnataka. The new kingdom thrived for another two centuries with Vijayanagara as its capital. Vijayanagara Empire The Vijayanagara Empire quickly rose to imperial status as early as the late 14th century. During the reign of Bukka Raya I, the island of Lanka paid tributes and ambassadors were exchanged with the Ming Dynasty of China. The empire's most famous rulers were Deva Raya II and the Tuluva king Krishnadevaraya. Deva Raya II (known as Gajabetekara or hunter of elephants) ascended the throne in 1424 and was the most effective of the Sangama dynasty rulers. He quelled rebelling feudal lords, the Zamorin of Calicut and the Quilon in the south, and invaded the island of Lanka while becoming overlord of the kings of Burma at Pegu and Tanasserim. After a brief decline, the empire reached its peak in the early 16th century during the rule of Krishnadevaraya when the Vijayanagara armies were consistently victorious. The empire annexed areas formerly under the Sultanates in the northern Deccan and the territories in the eastern Deccan, including Kalinga, while simultaneously maintaining control over all its subordinates in the south. Many important monuments at Hampi were either completed or commissioned during the reign of Krishnadevaraya. The enduring legacy of this empire is the vast open-air theatre of monuments at the regal capital, Vijayanagara, which is now a UNESCO World Heritage site. Vijayanagara architecture is a vibrant blend of the preceding Chalukya, Hoysala, Pandya and Chola styles. Literature in Telugu, Kannada, Tamil and Sanskrit languages found royal patronage. Telugu attained its height in popularity and reached its peak under Krishnadevaraya. The Kannada Haridasa movement contributed greatly to Carnatic music and fostered a strong Hindu sentiment across South India. With the defeat of the Vijayanagara Empire in the Battle of Talikota in 1565 by the Deccan sultanates, the Karnataka region and South India in general became fragmented and subsumed under the rule of various former feudatories of the empire. A diminished Vijayanagara Empire moved its capital to Penukonda in modern Andhra Pradesh and later to Chandragiri and Vellore before disintegrating. In the south and coastal Karnataka region, the Kingdom of Mysore and the Keladi Nayaka of Shimoga held sway while the northern regions were under the control of the Bijapur Sultanate. The Nayaka kingdom lasted into the 18th century before merging with the Kingdom of Mysore which remained a princely state until Indian independence in 1947, though they came under the British Raj (rule) in 1799 following the defeat and death of the last independent Mysore king, Tipu Sultan. Bahmani Sultanate The Bahmani Sultanate, a contemporary of the Vijayanagara Empire, was founded in 1347 by Alla-ud-din-Hasan, a breakaway commander of the armies of the northern invaders led by Mohammed-bin-Tughlaq. The capital was Gulbarga but was later moved further north to Bidar in 1430. The first of the Muslim invasions of the Deccan came in the early decades of the 14th century. At its peak, the Bahamani kingdom extended from the Krishna River in the south to Penganga River in the north, thus covering the regions of northern parts of modern Karnataka, parts of Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh. The most famous of the Bahamani Kings was Firuz Shah (also known as Taj Ud Din Firuz), who ruled from 1397 to 1422. Militarily, the rule of Firuz Shah had uneven success against the Vijayanagara kings while he was more convincingly successful against the Kherla rulers of Madhya Pradesh and the Vema Reddies of Rajamundry, areas that he annexed in 1417. His last encounter with the Vijayanagara armies in 1417 was disastrous and led to his defeat, ill health and ultimate death in 1422. Contemporary writers such as Tabataba, in his writings have heaped praise on Firuz Shah. Tabataba wrote of the king as, "[a]n impetuous, mighty monarch who patronised learned men, Sheiks and hermits", while Shirazi described him as "a just, pious and generous king and one without equal". He has earned the honorific Sultan-i-ghazian for his bravery, tolerant nature and patronage of the fine arts. In the opinion of one historian, Firuz Shah was one of the most notable Sultans to rule in India. Another well-known figure from this kingdom was Kwaja Mahamud Gavan, the prime minister, who served under several kings and regents. He rose above the kings and princess of the dynasty by virtue of his ministerial, administrative, martial, literary and philanthropic abilities. A Persian by descent and a visitor to Bidar in 1445, he impressed the ruling Sultan Alla-ud-din II and was chosen to become a minister in his court. As a commander he was able to extend the kingdom from Hubli in the south to Goa in the west and Kondavidu and Rajamahendri in the east. He soon rose to the position of prime minister (Vakil-Us-Sultanat). The Bahamanis introduced the large-scale use of paper in administration and began the Indo-Sarasenic architectural style, designed and constructed by Persian architects and artisans, (also known as Deccani architecture) with its local influences in Karnataka. The Sultanate monuments of Bidar and Gulbarga are testimony to their interest in architecture. The Bande Nawaz tombs and a Jama Masjid in Gulbarga which exhibits a Spanish influence are well known. In Bidar, their buildings have Persian, Turkish, Arabic and Roman influences (the Solah Khamba mosque being an example). Rangin Mahal, Gangan Mahal, Tarkash Mahal, Chini Mahal, Nagina Mahal and the Taqk Mahal are some of the palaces built by them that have retained their beauty. The Ahmad Shah Wali tombs are noted for their decor, and the school of learning (madrasa) built by Gavan in Bidar (1472), with its lecture halls, library, mosque and residential houses are also famous. In the later part of the 15th century, with a growing rift between the local Deccani Muslims and the Pardeshi Muslims (foreign) who occupied influential positions in the kingdom, the execution of Gavan under dubious circumstances in 1481, and constant wars with the Vijayanagara kings weakened the Bahamani Kingdom eventually bringing about its end in 1527. Bijapur Sultanate The Bijapur Sultanate (or Adilshahi Kingdom) emerged towards the end of the 15th century with the weakening of the Bahmani Sultanate . The main sources of information about this kingdom comes from contemporaneous inscriptions and writings in Persian and Kannada, travelogues of European visitors to the Deccan and inscriptions of neighbouring kingdoms. In 1489, Yusuf Adilkhan, a Turkic general in the Bahmani army, broke away to found the kingdom from modern Bijapur . Throughout his rule, the Sultanate was at war with the Vijayanagara Empire over the strategic Raichur doab, with the Portuguese over Goa, with the Barid Shahis of Bidar and later with the erstwhile feudatories of the Vijayanagara Empire who had gained independence after 1565. The Italian writer Varathema wrote about the founder Adilkhan and Bijapur, "A powerful and prosperous king", "the city was encircled by many fortifications and contained beautiful and majestic buildings". Inter-Sultanate marriages normalised relations and Ali I (1557–1580) joined a confederacy of Sultanates who eventually inflicted a crushing defeat on the Vijayanagara Empire in 1565. The most notable ruler of the dynasty was Ibrahim II (1580–1626) who ascended the throne as a nine-year-old with Chandbibi, the king's aunt acting as the regent. Later when Ibrahim II was defeated by the first of the Moghul incursions into the Deccan, he gave his daughter in marriage to Daniyal, a son of Emperor Akbar, but managed to collect tributes from the former feudatories of the Vijayanagara Empire. According to a historian, the rule of Ibrahim II was the high point of the Bijapur Sultanate. A tolerant king inclined to the fine arts, the earliest book on music in Urdu language called Kitab-e-Nauras is ascribed to him. The opening song in the book is an invocation of the Hindu Goddess Saraswati. During the rule of his son Muhammad, Shahji Bhosle from Ahmadnagar joined the Bijapur army and along with commander Ranadullah Khan conducted many successful campaigns in the southern Deccan collecting tribute from local rulers there. The final end of the diminished Vijayanagara Empire ruling from Vellore came during these campaigns. However, the rise of Maratha Shivaji and constant invasions by the Mughals from the north took its toll on the kingdom, eventually bringing it to an end in the later part of the 17th century. The contributions of the Bijapur Sultanate in the Indo-Saracenic idiom to the architectural landscape of Karnataka is noteworthy. Their most famous monuments are the mausoleums called Ibrahim Rauza and the Gol Gumbaz apart from many other palaces and mosques. The elegance, finish and beauty of Mehtar Mahal is claimed by a historian to be equal to anything in Cairo. Their Kali Masjid at Lakshmeshwar is a synthesis of Hindu and Muslim styles. The Ibrahim Rauza built by Ibrahim II is a combination of a mausoleum and a mosque and is called the "Taj Mahal of the Deccan". The Gol Gumbaz built by Muhammad is the largest dome in India and the second largest pre-modern dome in the world after the Byzantine Hagia Sophia with an impressive "whispering gallery". Some historians consider this one of the architectural marvels of the world. Persian language was given state patronage while the use of the local languages, Kannada and Marathi was popularised in local affairs. Modern era The fall of the Vijayanagara Empire in 1565 at the Battle of Talikota started a slow disintegration of the Kannada speaking region into many short-lived palegar chiefdoms, and the better known Kingdom of Mysore and the kingdom of Keladi Nayakas, which were to later become important centres of Kannada literary production. These kingdoms and the Nayakas ("chiefs") of Tamil country continued to owe nominal support to a diminished Vijayanagara Empire ruling from Penukonda (1570) and later from Chandragiri (1586) in modern Andhra Pradesh, followed by a brief period of independence. By the mid-17th century, large areas in north Karnataka came under the control of the Bijapur Sultanate who waged several wars in a bid to establish a hegemony over the southern Deccan. The defeat of the Bijapur Sultanate at the hands of the Mughals in late 17th century added a new dimension to the prevailing confusion. The constant wars of the local kingdoms with the two new rivals, the Mughals and the Marathas, and among themselves, caused further instability in the region. Major areas of Karnataka came under the rule of the Mughals and the Marathas. Under Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan, the Mysore Kingdom reached its zenith of power but had to face the growing English might who by now had a firm foothold in the subcontinent. After the death of Tipu Sultan in 1799 in the fourth Anglo-Mysore war, the Mysore Kingdom came under the British umbrella. More than a century later, with the dawn of India as an independent nation in 1947, the unification of Kannada speaking regions as modern Karnataka state brought four centuries of political uncertainty (and centuries of foreign rule) to an end. Timeline See also History of India History of Bihar History of Bengal History of Tamil Nadu Timeline of Karnataka Notes References Medieval Karnataka Karnataka Medieval politics
Achraf Achaoui (born 10 December 1996) is a Belgian-born Moroccan professional footballer who currently plays as a left-back for Olympic Charleroi Châtelet Farciennes. Professional career Achaoui made his senior debut in a 4–1 win over Royal Excel Mouscron. On 7 May 2019, Achaoui joined Belgian club Olympic Charleroi Châtelet Farciennes. International career Achaoui was born in Belgium to parents of Moroccan descent. Achaoui made 4 appearances for the Morocco U17s in the 2013 FIFA U-17 World Cup. Achaoui was called up and capped for the Morocco U23s in a friendly 1–0 win against the Cameroon U23s. References External links 1996 births Living people Moroccan men's footballers Morocco men's youth international footballers Belgian men's footballers Belgian sportspeople of Moroccan descent Standard Liège players Roda JC Kerkrade players Belgian Pro League players Men's association football fullbacks Expatriate men's footballers in the Netherlands
Eiichi Nakamura may refer to: , Japanese field hockey player (born 1930), Japanese politician , Japanese chemist
Alba: A Wildlife Adventure is a 2020 adventure game developed by Ustwo Games and published by PID Games. The game focuses on exploring the world and conserving wildlife. Synopsis The game takes place at Secarral, a fictional island town in Valencian Community, Spain. The protagonist, a girl named Alba Singh, flies from Great Britain to visit her grandparents for a week-long vacation. After helping to rescue a stranded dolphin, she and her friend Inés form a wildlife rescue league. The next day the mayor announces that the local nature reserve, which suffered from a wildfire, will be developed into a luxury hotel. The girls decide to collect signatures to stop this. They help with multiple cleanups and animal rescue tasks, as well as photographing and cataloging the local wildlife to raise awareness. One of the ultimate goals is to discover an elusive Iberian lynx. It has an open world. Development PID Games published Alba: A Wildlife Adventure for iOS, macOS, and Microsoft Windows on December 11, 2020. Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S ports followed on June 9, 2021. Reception It received positive reviews on Metacritic. Christian Donlan of Eurogamer praised the realism present in the game's environments, writing "All these animals are a delight when they're knocking about, and when you find them flapping in oil or trapped in the shrink-wrap handcuffs from an idle six-pack, it's impossible not to leap in and help them immediately." Donlan also enjoyed the island setting of Pinar del Mar, calling it "the Spanish holiday island of everyone's dreams" and "beautifully observed". Game Informers Marcus Stewart liked the photography mechanic of Alba, although he expressed disappointment at the lack of variety among animals. He also appreciated the straightforward side quests on the island. Jupiter Hadley, writing for Pocket Gamer, enjoyed how the player's actions had an impact on the island. Hadley praised the game for having a good message about advocating for a cause. The game won Apple Design Awards in 2021 in Social Impact category. References External links 2020 video games Adventure games Apple Arcade games iOS games MacOS games Nintendo Switch games Open-world video games PlayStation 4 games PlayStation 5 games Single-player video games Video games about animals Video games developed in the United Kingdom Windows games Xbox One games Xbox Series X and Series S games Ustwo games PID Games games
Mollas may refer to three places in Albania: Mollas, Elbasan, a village in the municipality of Cërrik, Elbasan County Mollas, Fier, a village in the municipality of Lushnjë, Fier County Mollas, Korçë, a village in the municipality of Kolonjë, Korçë County Mollas, Berat, a village in the municipality of Skrapar, Berat County See also Molas (disambiguation) Molass (disambiguation)
George Parker Tuxford (ca.1810 – 24 October 1870) of Barnes, London, was a British magazine publisher. Born in Boston, Lincolnshire, the eldest son of John Tuxford, George was a co-proprietor with John Rogerson (c. 1884 – 11 May 1851) of the English agricultural newspaper Mark Lane Express, cofounded by Cuthbert William Johnson (1799–1878), brother of George W. Johnson, and William Shaw and edited by Shaw, and the Farmers' Magazine with offices at 246 The Strand. A frequent contributor to these magazines was Henry Hall Dixon (1822–1870), an entertaining writer on country matters. Tuxford and Rogerson also published the New Sporting Magazine. He was also a founder and for many years a director of Farmers' Insurance Office, an early member of the Farmers Club, and a Life Governor of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. Family Tuxford was the eldest brother of the Hon. William Wedd Tuxford (died 28 January 1878), John Lefevre Tuxford (died 29 June 1887) and Walsingham Weston Tuxford (died 2 December 1875), all of whom emigrated to Adelaide, South Australia and achieved a measure of importance in the new colony. His sister Hannah Parker Tuxford married Rev. Joseph Whitehead, of Spilsby, Lincolnshire. References External links The Farmer's Magazine Volume the Fifteenth, January to June 1859. British magazine publishers (people) 1810s births 1870 deaths 19th-century British businesspeople
Stephen II (; ; ; 1101 – early 1131), King of Hungary and Croatia, ruled from 1116 until 1131. His father, King Coloman, had him crowned as a child, thus denying the crown to his uncle Álmos. In the first year of his reign, Venice occupied Dalmatia and Stephen never restored his rule in that province. His reign was characterized by frequent wars with neighbouring countries. Early years (till 1116) Stephen and his twin brother, Ladislaus, were sons of the Hungarian king Coloman by his wife, Felicia of Sicily. According to the Illuminated Chronicle, they were born "... in the year of our Lord 1101." Stephen was named after the first king of Hungary, who had been canonized in 1083, implying that he was his father's heir from birth. A document written in Zadar in approximately 1105 AD makes mention of "Stephen, our most renowned king" along with Coloman, proving that the latter had his four-year-old son crowned king. By the time of Stephen's coronation, Coloman had demonstrated his intention to secure the succession for his son. Coloman's ambitious brother, Álmos who had already rebelled against the king in 1098 opposed this plan and left Hungary. He first sought the assistance of Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, followed by an appeal to Duke Boleslaw III of Poland. When all of his efforts ended in failure, Álmos submitted to Coloman and returned to Hungary, although he made several abortive attempts to dethrone Coloman in the following decade. In order to bring an end to the threat these plots presented to Stephen's succession, Coloman had Álmos and Álmos's young son, Béla, blinded. When he fell gravely ill in early 1116, Coloman also had his brother imprisoned. The Illuminated Chronicle narrates that the dying king "instructed his son and his great men" to invade Rus' in order to take vengeance for Coloman's failure in the 1099 siege of Peremyshl (Przemyśl), Poland. Coloman died on 3 February 1116. Reign Wars and internal conflicts (1116–1127) Stephen was crowned king by Archbishop Lawrence of Esztergom in Székesfehérvár within thirty days of his father's death. His peaceful succession showed the effectiveness of the measures Coloman had implemented to prevent Álmos from usurping the throne. Upon his councilor's advice, Stephen initiated a meeting with Vladislaus I, Duke of Bohemia, in order to improve the countries' relations, which had deteriorated in the previous decade. The two monarchs met on the river Olšava, which marked the border of their realms. However, the lack of mutual confidence hindered the opening of negotiations, leading to armed conflicts which evolved into a battle on 13 May. On the battlefield, the Bohemian army inflicted a serious defeat on Stephen's troops. The contemporaneous Cosmas of Prague blamed the young king's advisors for the fiasco, but later medieval Hungarian chronicles all completed under kings descending from Stephen's opponent, Álmos wrote that the king acted without consulting his advisors "... for he was of an impetuous nature". Doge Ordelafo Faliero, who had conquered an island in the Gulf of Kvarner during the last year of Coloman's reign, returned to Dalmatia at the head of the Venetian fleet in May 1116. On 15 July, he vanquished the Hungarian troops which had arrived to relieve Zadar. Thereafter all towns including Biograd na Moru, Šibenik, Split, and Trogir surrendered to Venice, terminating Stephen II's suzerainty along the coastline of the Adriatic Sea. However, in either 1117 or 1118, the Hungarian troops were able to defeat the Venetians, during which Ordelafo Faliero himself died at a battle near Zadar, enabling Biograd na Moru, Split, and Trogir to rejoin the sovereignty of the Hungarian monarch. However, the new doge, Domenico Michele, invaded and reconquered all Dalmatia. A five-year truce, which was concluded in 1117 or 1118, confirmed the status quo: the seizure of Dalmatia by Venice. Stephen's troops launched a plundering raid into Austria in 1118, provoking a counter-attack by Leopold III, Margrave of Austria, later that same year. Bořivoj II, Duke of Bohemia, supported Leopold and pillaged the northwestern regions of the Kingdom of Hungary. Despite this, when Vladislaus I dethroned his brother Bořivoj in 1120, Bořivoj fled to Hungary and settled at Stephen's court. Stephen married a daughter of Robert I of Capua, in the early 1120s. Historian Paul Stephenson wrote that Stephen's marriage alliance with the Normans of Southern Italy "... must have been partly directed against the Venetians." The Norman princes of Capua had been the pope's staunch supporters during the Investiture Controversy, suggesting that his marriage also continued his father's pro-Papal foreign policy. According to Włodzimierz Dworzaczek, Stephen in 1121 married Adelhaid, daughter of Heinrich, burgrave of Regensburg. Stephen's cousin and the daughter of his uncle Álmos, Adelaide, whose husband Soběslav had been expelled from Moravia, arrived in Hungary in early 1123. According to Cosmas of Prague, Stephen "kindly received her ... acknowledging her as his relative", which implies that his relations with his uncle were cordial around that time. In the same year, the young king launched a military expedition against the Principality of Volhynia in order to assist its expelled prince, Iaroslav Sviatopolkovich, regain his throne. Even though Sviatopolchich was assassinated at the beginning of the siege of his former seat, Volodymyr-Volynskyi, Stephen decided to continue the war. However, according to the Illuminated Chronicle, his commanders threatened to dethrone him if he continued the aggression, forcing Stephen to lift the siege and return to Hungary. Taking advantage of the absence of the Venetian fleet from the Adriatic Sea because of a naval expedition in the Levant, Stephen invaded Dalmatia in the first half of 1124. His charter confirming the liberation of Split and Trogir in July 1124 is evidence that the central regions of Dalmatia returned to his rule. However, upon the return of the Venetian armada the Dalmatian towns once again surrendered, one after another. According to the Historia Ducum Veneticorum, only the citizens of Biograd na Moru "... dared resist the doge and his army ...", but "... their city was razed to its foundations." According to the Illuminated Chronicle, the blind Álmos, "... fearing death at the hands of King Stephen ...", fled to the Byzantine Empire. Many of his partisans followed him, and Emperor John II Komnenos settled them in a town in Macedonia. The Byzantine historian John Kinnamos confirmed that the emperor looked upon Álmos "... favorably and received him with kindness." He added that Stephen "sent his envoys to the emperor and demanded that ...[Álmos]... be expelled from" the Byzantine Empire, but his request was rejected. The sources do not specify the date which Álmos's fled, but it likely occurred circa 1125. Historian Ferenc Makk wrote that Álmos was forced to flee from Hungary because he had taken advantage of Stephen's failures in Volhynia and Dalmatia, and conspired against Stephen. Stephen met Soběslav, the new duke of Bohemia, in October 1126. Their meeting brought an end to the hostilities between their two states. Around the same year, Stephen also concluded an agreement with Archbishop Conrad I of Salzburg. Last years (1127–1131) According to the Byzantine chronicler Niketas Choniates, the citizens of the Byzantine town Braničevo "attacked and plundered the Hungarians who had come to" the Byzantine Empire "to trade, perpetrating the worst crimes against them." In retaliation, Stephen decided to wage war against the Byzantine Empire. The Illuminated Chronicle relates that the childless Stephen "... so ordered the succession to the throne that after his death the son of his sister Sophia, by name Saul, should reign." The chronicle does not specify the date of this event, but Ferenc Makk says that Stephen most probably declared Saul as his heir during the first half of 1127, before storming the Byzantine Empire. Stephen broke into the empire in the summer. His troops sacked Belgrade, Braničevo and Niš, and plundered the regions around Serdica (Sofia, Bulgaria) and Philippopolis (Plovdiv, Bulgaria), before returning to Hungary. In response, Emperor John II marched against Hungary in 1128, where he defeated the royal troops in a battle at Haram, and "captured Frangochorion, the richest land in Hungary" (now in Serbia). Stephen was unable to participate in the fighting because "he happened to be sickly in body and was recuperating someplace in the midst of his land", according to John Kinnamos. The Illuminated Chronicle said that his illness was so serious that "all expected his death." The chronicle added that "traitors" went so far as to elect two kings, the "Counts Bors and Ivan". Upon regaining his health, Stephen had Ivan executed and expelled Bors from his kingdom. John Kinnamos wrote of a second campaign by Stephen against the Byzantine Empire. The Hungarian troops, supported by Czech reinforcements under the command of Duke Vaclav of Olomouc, took Braničevo by storm and destroyed its fortress. Emperor John II Komnenos was forced to retreat and sue for peace. Historian Ferenc Makk writes that the resulting peace treaty was signed in October 1129. For many years, Stephen believed that his cousin, Béla, had died after being blinded on the orders of Stephen's father. Having learnt, around 1129, that Béla was alive, the king "... rejoiced with great joy ...", according to the Illuminated Chronicle. He even granted Béla the town of Tolna and arranged Béla's marriage with Helena of Rascia. The Illuminated Chronicle recounts that Stephen showed blatant favoritism towards the "Comans", identified as Pechenegs or Cumans by historians, who had arrived in Hungary in the 1120s. In his last years, he even tolerated the crimes they committed against his subjects, causing a revolt. Before his death, Stephen "... laid aside his royal state and took the habit of a monk ...". He died of dysentery in the spring of 1131. No source recorded the exact date of his death, but most of his biographies wrote that he died on 1 March. He was buried in the Várad Cathedral (Oradea, Romania). Family According to the Illuminated Chronicle, Stephen had no "wish to marry a lawful wife but took to himself concubines and harlots". However, his advisors, "grieving that the kingdom was in a sorry state and the King without a heir", persuaded him to marry. They chose a daughter of the late Robert I of Capua as their monarch's wife, although her name was not recorded. Stephen died childless. The following family tree presents Stephen's ancestors and some of his relatives who are mentioned in the article. *Whether Géza's first or second wife was his children's mother is uncertain. References Sources Primary sources Cosmas of Prague: The Chronicle of the Czechs (Translated with an introduction and notes by Lisa Wolverton) (2009). The Catholic University of America Press. . Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus by John Kinnamos (Translated by Charles M. Brand) (1976). Columbia University Press. . O City of Byzantium, Annals of Niketas Choniatēs (Translated by Harry J. Magoulias) (1984). Wayne State University Press. . The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle: Chronica de Gestis Hungarorum (Edited by Dezső Dercsényi) (1970). Corvina, Taplinger Publishing. . Secondary sources 1101 births 1131 deaths House of Árpád Kings of Hungary Burials at Oradea Cathedral, Crişana Kings of Croatia Hungarian twins 12th-century Hungarian people
Erik Alfred Torbjörn "Björn" Collinder (22 July 1894 – 20 May 1983) was a Swedish linguist who was Professor of Finno-Ugric Languages at Uppsala University. Biography Collinder was born in Sundsvall, Sweden on 22 July 1894. After gaining a licentiate in Nordic philology at Uppsala University, Colinder developed a strong interest in Finno-Ugric languages. Since 1929, Collinder was a docent in Finno-Ugric languages at Uppsala University. He subsequently succeeded his mentor K.B. Wiklund as Professor of Finno-Ugric Languages at Uppsala University. Collinder retired as Professor Emeritus in 1961, and was succeeded by his protégé Bo Wickman. Collinder specialized in the Germanic loanwords in Finnic and Sami. He was a highly productive author of scholarly literature, and also conducted fieldwork among the Sámi people. He is also noted as the translator of a number of works, including Beowulf, the Poetic Edda, the Kalevala, and many of the works of William Shakespeare. Under the initials Bj. C., he was the author of a large number of entries in Svensk uppslagsbok. His magnum opus, Comparative Grammar of the Uralic Languages, has remained the standard work on Uralic languages up to the present day. Collinder was a member of a large number of scholarly organizations. This includes Member of the Royal Gustavus Adolphus Academy (1936), the Royal Society of the Humanities at Uppsala (1936), the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (1937), the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters (1941), the Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities (1943), the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (1945), the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala (1951), the Finno-Ugrian Society, the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters (1951), and a Corresponding Member of the Finnish Literature Society (1941) and the Austrian Academy of Sciences (1966). Collinder died in Vienna, Austria on 20 May 1983. Personal life Collinder was the husband of Swedish soprano Britta Norrby-Collinder, and the brother of the famous astronomer Per Collinder. Selected works 1929. Über den finnisch-lappischen Quantitätswechsel I. Uppsala. 1934. Indo-uralisches Sprachgut. Uppsala. 1938. Lautlehre des waldlappischen dialektes von Gällivare. Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura. (= Mémoires de la Société finno-ougrienne 74.) 1939. Reichstürkische Lautstudien. Uppsala. 1940. Jukagirisch und Uralisch. Uppsala: Almqvist & Wiksell. 1943. Lappisches Wörterverzeichnis aus Härjedalen. Uppsala. 1947. La parenté linguistique et le calcul des probabilités. Uppsala. 1949. The Lapps. New York: Princeton University Press for the American Scandinavian Foundation. 1949. The Lappish Dialect of Jukkasjärvi: A Morphological Survey. Uppsala: Almquist & Wiksell. 1954. Scandinavica et fenno-ugrica. Almqvist & Wiksell. 1955. Fenno-Ugric Vocabulary: An Etymological Dictionary of the Uralic Languages. (Collective work.) Stockholm: Almqvist & Viksell. (Second, revised edition: Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag, 1977.) 1957. Survey of the Uralic Languages. (Collective work.) Stockholm: Almqvist & Viksell. 1957. Den Poetiska Eddan. Örebro: Forum. 1960. Comparative Grammar of the Uralic Languages. Stockholm: Almqvist & Viksell. 1964. Ordbok till Sveriges lapska ortnamn. Uppsala. 1964. The Kalevala and Its Background. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell. 1964. Sprachverwandschaft und Wahrscheinlichkeit. Ausgewählte Schriften neu veröffentlicht zum 70. Geburtstag des Verfassers 22. Juli 1964 zusammen mit einer Bibliographie der Werke von Björn Collinder 1921-1964. Uppsala. 1965. An Introduction to the Uralic Languages. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press 1965. Hat das Uralische Verwandte ? Eine sprachvergleichende Untersuchung. Uppsala 1968. Kritische Bemerkungen zum saussure'schen Cours de linguistique générale. Uppsala. 1970. Noam Chomsky und die generative Grammatik. Eine kritische Betrachtung. Uppsala. 1977. Svensk ordnyckel med förkortningslexikon. Brunna: Förlagshuset Fyris AB. 1978. Sprache und Sprachen. Einführung in die Sprachwissenschaft. Hamburg: Buske. 1983. Stora ordboken. Svensk ordnyckel. Liber. See also Stig Wikander Geo Widengren Henrik Samuel Nyberg Sources External links Photographs 1894 births 1983 deaths Finno-Ugrists Linguists from Sweden Linguists of Uralic–Yukaghir languages Linguists of Yukaghir languages Members of the Austrian Academy of Sciences Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters Members of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters Members of the Royal Gustavus Adolphus Academy Members of the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala Paleolinguists People from Sundsvall Scandinavian studies scholars Translators of the Poetic Edda Uppsala University alumni Academic staff of Uppsala University 20th-century linguists
Tricolia entomocheila is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description The height of the shell reaches 2 mm. Distribution This species occurs in the Western Mediterranean Sea and off Atlantic Morocco. References http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/ocrd/254404.pdf Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca. in: Costello, M.J. et al. (eds), European Register of Marine Species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Patrimoines Naturels. 50: 180-213] External links Phasianellidae Gastropods described in 1993
The Horea, Cloșca și Crișan Division (full name: Romanian 2nd Volunteer Infantry Division 'Horea, Cloșca și Crișan' ) was established in April 1945 from Romanian volunteers, mostly prisoners of war, but also Communist activists such as Valter Roman. It was created by the Soviet Union at Kotovsk, and named after the Revolt of Horea, Cloșca and Crișan. History Its first leader was General Mihail Lascăr, who had been taken prisoner in November 1942, during the Battle of Stalingrad. General Lascăr commanded the division from April 12 to September 12, 1945. The division did not see combat in World War II. In late 1945 the division was reported to have been integrated into the Romanian 4th Army. Under the firm control of Romanian communists and backed by Red Army troops, the HCsC Division was a key instrument with which the Soviets established complete communist control of Romania after the war against the wishes of the regular Romanian Land Forces. By 1947, the HCsC Division, along with its sister unit, the Tudor Vladimirescu Division, was motorised and partially equipped with tanks, giving the two divisions a significant advantage in mobility and firepower. From 1954 the division's lineage appears to have been merged with that of the previous 1st Cavalry Division. The Independent Cavalry Division became the Inspectorate General of Cavalry in 1897, Divizia I Cavalerie Independenta in 1913, Brigada 1 Cavalerie in 1948, Divizia 59 Cavalerie in 1953, Divizia 91 Mecanizata "Horea, Cloșca și Crișan" in 1954, 6th Mechanised Division "Horea, Cloșca și Crișan" in 1956, Divizia 6 Tancuri "Horea, Cloșca și Crișan" in 1964. In 1989, as part of the Fourth Army, its composition was reported as: HQ 6th Tank Division /Horea, Cloșca și Crișan/ -Târgu Mureș : 2nd Tank Regiment -Targu Mureș : with T-55/A/AM2 tanks, TAB-71M and R-1451 apc-s, TABC-79 recon vehicles, MR-4 quad 14,5mm aa hmg-s, SR-114/-132, DAC-443T and -665T trucks, T-55T evacuation tanks, MTP-2/BTR-60 recovery apc-s, 5th Tank Regiment -Turda : same as the 2nd 6th Tank Regiment -Aiud : same 4th Mechanised Regiment -Zalau : with TR-77 tanks, TAB-71/-71M apc-s, TABC-79 recon vehicles, SU-76 sp guns, ZiS-3 76mm field guns, Md.1982 120mm mortars, ?? TAB-71AR with 82mm mortars, AG-9 rr-s, MR-4 quad 14,5mm aa hmg-s, DAC-443T and -665T trucks, TER-800 evacuation tank, TERA-71L recovery apc-s, 20th Artillery Regiment -Tarnaveni ??: with M-30 122mm how., D-20 152mm how., APR-21 122mm mrls, SR-114 and DAC-444 trucks, ATS-59G or TAR-76 arty tractors, TAB-71A-PCOMA command vehicles, 166th Recon Battalion -Targu Mureș :with BRDM-2 recon vehicles and DAC-444T and SR-114D trucks, 216th AA Artillery Battalion -Targu Mureș In 1994 it was transformed into the 6th Army Corps "Horea, Cloșca și Crișan", and in 2000 into Brigada 6 Tancuri "Horea, Cloșca și Crișan". Later the division appears to have become the 6th Tank Division and been based at Târgu Mureș. See also Tudor Vladimirescu Division Romania in World War II References External links Third Axis Fourth Ally, Mark Axworthy, London: Arms and Armour, 1995. . https://web.archive.org/web/20071007125337/http://www.itcnet.ro/history/archive/mi1998/current1/mi22.htm Divisions of Romania Military history of Romania during World War II Military history of the Soviet Union during World War II Expatriate units and formations of Romania Socialist Republic of Romania Romania–Soviet Union relations Military units and formations established in 1945
Tom Hahl (born October 6, 1965 in Hämeenlinna) is a Finnish ten-pin bowler who has won bowling titles in 16 different countries worldwide in his international career. Career He made Finnish National Team for the first time at age of 18.1987 FIQ World Championships he won individual Bronze medal in the Masters, All-Events and a Silver medal in Trios and Five man teams. 1990 he won the prestigious AMF World Cup in Pattaya Thailand. 2002 he participated in the World Games in Akita, Japan, by finishing third. Tom Hahl has 21 career 300 perfect games. Hahl is a member of Finnish bowling Hall of Fame. Hahl has been living and representing Singapore since 1994. Medals in Championships National Championships 1983 Finnish Youth Championships Silver 1985 Finnish Youth Championships Gold 1986 Finnish Championships Silver 1987 Finnish Championships Gold in Doubles 1988 Finnish Championships Silver in Teams 1989 Finnish Championships Gold 1990 Finnish Championships Bronze 1990 Finnish Championships Bronze in Teams 1991 Finnish Championships Silver 1991 Finnish Championships Gold in Doubles 1995 Finnish Championships Bronze in Teams International Championships 1982 European Youth Championships Silver in Teams 1982 Scandinavian Cup Gold 1983 Nordic Youth Silver in Doubles 1983 Nordic Youth Championships Bronze in Teams 1984 European Youth Championships Silver in Teams 1984 European Youth Championships Silver in Trios 1984 European Team Cup Gold 1984 Nordic Championships Bronze in Trios 1986 European Team Cup Gold 1986 Nordic Championships Silver in Doubles 1986 Nordic Championships Bronze in Trios 1986 Nordic Championships Silver in Teams 1987 World Championships Bronze in All Events 1987 World Championships Bronze in Masters 1987 World Championships Silver in Teams 1987 World Championships Silver in Trios 1990 European Cup Silver 1990 Bowling World Cup Gold 1992 European team Cup Gold 1994 World team Cup Bronze 2001 World Games Bronze References 1965 births Living people Finnish ten-pin bowling players Finnish expatriates in Singapore Competitors at the 2001 World Games World Games bronze medalists World Games medalists in bowling Sportspeople from Hämeenlinna
The Zaghouan Aqueduct or Aqueduct of Carthage is an ancient Roman aqueduct, which supplied the city of Carthage, Tunisia with water. From its source in Zaghouan it flows a total of 132 km, making it among the longest aqueducts in the Roman Empire. 40 ha of its length are also classified as an Important Bird Area (TN013) as the cavities and holes in the aqueduct are used as nesting and roosting sites for falcons and other species. Date The date of the construction of the aqueduct is not entirely clear. Sources mention a visit by the Emperor Hadrian in 128, with which a five-year-long drought is meant to have come to an end. The water shortage resulting from the drought might have convinced him that the people should not rely only on rainwater anymore. A second event that might have inspired it was the opening of the Baths of Antonius in Carthage in 162. These facilities on the same scale as the Imperial baths in Rome demanded a steady supply of water, which could not be fulfilled with rainwater. Sources The aqueduct draws on several sources which ran dry at different times. The first and most important source is located near the town of Zaghouan in the Djebel Zaghouan, a mountain range about 60 km south of Carthage. In Roman times a sacred fountain structure was built over the spring, which became one of the most important in ancient North Africa. Description The sacred fountain is located on an artificial terrace. It is open on the north side, and on the southern side there is an open space enclosed by a , crescent-shaped portico. In the center of the portico is a cella from which the spring sprang. The outer wall had a core of Roman concrete covered with coarse limestone bossages. This wall continued from the ends of the crescent-shaped portico and was divided into 26 sections be engaged columns. In every second section, there is a niche for statues, which do not survive. Opposite each engaged column is a full column, which together once supported a vaulted peristyle. The vaults are made of porous travertine covered in marble, while the columns are sandstone. The exterior of the vault was sealed with waterproof Opus signinum and left without further protection. The floor of the portico was decorated with mosaic. The cella, the most important part of the building was built from limestone and clad in marble. Intake There were five springs in the area of the sacred fountain. These were in the area of the artificial terrace in their original, underground bed and gathered in a basin under the terrace. From this basin, the water then flowed into the pipe of the aqueduct. As well as feeding the aqueduct intake, the basin also served to clean the water - while the water sat in the basin, impurities would settle on the bottom. Second source In Severan times, a second source was attached to the aqueduct. This was located in the region of Djouggar. A sacred fountain was built over this spring too, but it never reached the significance of the one at Zaghouan. Water channel Technical data The aqueduct is a masterpiece of Roman engineering. In the journey from Zaghouan to Carthage, it travels a little over 90 km and drops only 264 m in height, which is an average decline of 0.3%. However, 130 m of the height difference occurs in the first 6 km from Zaghouan to Moghrane. For the rest of the journey to Carthage, the decline averages only 0.15%. In Moghrane the aqueduct met the later channel coming from Djouggar, another 33 km away. Including all its tributary channels, the aqueduct has a length of 132 km and is among the longest in the Roman empire. The channel discharged between 200 and 370 L of water per second or between 17 and 32 million liters per day. The flow rate was around 3.5 and 5.5 km per hour. Therefore, the water made the journey from Zaghouan to Carthage in between a day and a half and two days. Course The channel was built such that it had a steady, if not uniform, fall so that the water would travel the route by the force of gravity alone. In order to minimize the building work, the channel was laid on or a little under the Earth's surface where possible. In order to avoid unnecessary loss of height, the channel follows the contours of hills. In three places it was not possible for the channel to remain at ground level, so the engineers erected imposing arcades. They are: The plain of Oudna: 5 km, including a bridge on a double arcade with a height of 33 m. This bridge was demolished in 1859 in order to reuse the stone for the construction of a new bridge. The plain of Miliane: 2 km, the arcade reaches up to 20 m in height. The plain of La Soukra, before Carthage: 10 km, the arcade reaches up to 20 m in height. Cross-section In cross-section, the channel measures about 90 cm in width and 130 cm in height. It was closed on top by a vault. The walls were made from Roman cement and were clad with sandstone bossage. The part of the channel which came in contact with water was further clad in waterproof opus signinum. The screed also served to smooth the channel's rate of decline. Ventilation was provided by small, square openings in the roof. At regular intervals on the base of the channel, there were circular depressions, which served to purify the water, since detritus would settle in them. To continue to operate, these had to be cleaned out regularly, so the channel required ongoing care and attention Cisterns The distribution of the water within Carthage is not yet entirely clear. It seems that the channel discharged into two cisterns and the water was further distributed from these. To date, however, archaeological excavations have found no sure signs of discharge into the cisterns. Cisterns of La Malga The cisterns of La Malga form the largest cisterns surviving from the ancient world anywhere. They held approximately 51 million liters. Based on the nature of the mortar, they are dated to the first century AD. It is not yet clear how these cisterns were used in that period, since the aqueduct had not yet been built and this enormous volume could never have been filled by rainwater alone. Cistern of Bordj Djedid The cistern of Bordj Djedid is made up of 18 barrel-shaped basins arranged in parallel and held between 25 and 30 million liters. It was responsible for supplying the Baths of Antonius. The construction date is unknown, but modifications have been detected in connection with the construction of the Baths of Antonius, implying that the cistern preceded the baths. Later usage Since the water supply was essential for the city, the aqueduct was destroyed during the Vandal siege of 439, the Eastern Roman reconquest under Justinian and finally at the conquest of Carthage by the Arabs in 698, but each time it was subsequently restored. In the thirteenth century, one of the Hafsid rulers added a branch leading to his palace in Manouba in order to supply water for his garden. From the sixteenth century, the aqueduct deteriorated rapidly and was employed as a stone quarry. In 1859 a French engineer received the task of restoring the water channel in order to supply Tunis with water. While the majority of the channels at ground level could be reused, the parts of the channel on pillars were mostly destroyed and a modern pressure pipe system was installed. Since it was put into operation in 1862, the channel has remained in use and today it supplies an average of 12,000,000 L per day in winter and 3,000,000 in summer. Important Bird Area The cavities and holes in the aqueduct are used as nesting and roosting sites by the lesser kestrel Falco naumanni (30 pairs), but also by the Lanner falcon Falco biarmicus and the common kestrel Falco tinnunculus as well as the European roller Coracias garrulus, rock sparrows Petronia petronia, spotless starlings Sturnus unicolor and common ravens Corvus corax. The site is of particular significance for the lesser krestel as it regularly holds significant numbers the species, (which is a species of global conservation concern). The protected area extends over 40 ha as a band stretching near the Milliana river along the aqueduct 20-m-high pillars and arches in which many cavities and holes used by birds have developed. The surrounding area consists of cereal fields and is a hunting reserve. Gallery See also List of aqueducts in the Roman Empire List of Roman aqueducts by date Ancient Roman technology Roman engineering References General Friedrich Rakob. "Das römische Quellenheiligtum bei Zaghouan in Tunesien". In Archäologischer Anzeiger 84, 1969, pp. 284–300. Friedrich Rakob. "Das Quellenheiligtum in Zaghouan und die römische Wasserleitung nach Karthago." In: Römische Mitteilungen 81, 1974, pp. 51–89. Friedrich Rakob. "Die römische Wasserleitung von Karthago." In J.-P. Boucher (Ed.), Journées d‘études sur les aqueducs romains = Tagung über römische Wasserversorgungsanlagen, Lyon 26.-28. Mai 1977. Paris 1983, pp. 309–318. H. Slim. "Maîtrise de l'eau en Tunisie à l'époque romaine." In G. Argoud et al. (Edd.): L’eau et les hommes en Méditerranée et en Mer Noire dans l’antiquité. Athen 1992, pp. 513–532. A. Wilson. "Water supply in ancient Carthage." In Carthage papers, Portmouth, RI 1998, (Journal of Roman Archaeology, Supplementary series 28), pp. 65–102. Specific Buildings and structures completed in the 2nd century Africa (Roman province) Ancient Roman buildings and structures in Tunisia Roman aqueducts outside Rome
The Otuho people, also known as the Lotuko, are a Nilotic ethnic group whose traditional home is the Eastern Equatoria state of South Sudan. They speak the Otuho language. Demographics The Otuho are bordered by the Lopit in the North, the Bari on the West, the Acholi and the Madi in the South west, and the Didinga and the Boya in the East. Their region is characterized by ranges and mountain spurs such as the Imotong mountain, the highest mountain in South Sudan with an altitude of 10,453 ft above sea level. Subsistence They engage in some subsistence agriculture; their main crops are sorghum, ground nuts, simsim (sesame), and maize in the plains, or telebun, dukhn, sweet potatoes, and tobacco in the hills. Land is owned by no single person, but in trust by the community. In the mountains, after finding a site, the group decides the boundaries of each person's garden, with certain areas being fallow (for up to 10 years) and others open to cultivation (for up to 4 years). Religion Their primary religion is an ethnic religion based on nature and ancestor worship that is deeply rooted in their ethnic identity; conversion to another religion essentially equates to cultural assimilation. The chief god of the Otuho is called Ajok; he is generally seen as kind and benevolent, but can be angered. In Otuho mythology he once answered a woman's prayer for the resurrection of her son. Her husband, however, was angry and re-killed the child. Ajok was annoyed by his actions and swore never to resurrect any Otuho again, and in this manner, death was said to have become permanent. References External links Lotuka (Otuho) people on Gurtong.net Ethnic groups in South Sudan
GunBroker.com is an auction website for firearms and shooting accessories. History Established in 1999, GunBroker.com is one of the world's largest online marketplace for firearms. GunBroker.com was founded by Steven F. Urvan after eBay started restricting gun sales. Urvan ran the company until it was acquired by Ammo, Inc in 2021.At the closing of merger, it had $60 million in revenue and 6 million registered users. On January 3, 2023, now-parent company AMMO, Inc. appointed Jared Smith as the company's Chief Operating Officer & President. Fred Wagenhals is Chairman/CEO of GunBroker.com via AMMO, Inc. GunBroker.com has sometimes been used to study trends in firearm sales. In 2023, Steven Urvan sued Ammo, Inc claiming it duped him into selling GunBroker.com for $240 million in exchange for 17% stake in the company. sponsorship NASCAR GunBroker.com has been a sponsor for various NASCAR teams since 2004. GunBroker.com was the primary sponsor of NASCAR Camping World Truck Series driver Jason White, driver of the No. 23 Truck from 2008-2012. OLYMPICS GunBroker.com partnered with USA Shooting for the Olympics. Several lawmakers called out to the Olympics to cut ties with GunBroker.com because of Nazi memorabilia listed for sale on GunBroker.com. References External links Firearm commerce Online auction websites of the United States American companies established in 1999 Retail companies established in 1999 Internet properties established in 1999 1999 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Outside Providence is a 1999 American teen stoner comedy film adaptation of Peter Farrelly's 1988 novel of the same name. The film was directed by Michael Corrente, and it was written by Corrente and the brothers Peter and Bobby Farrelly. The Farrellys couldn't direct the film due to filming There's Something About Mary. Centering on Timothy "Dildo/Dunph" Dunphy, the film is about his life of mischief, his "incentive" to attend the Cornwall Academy preparatory boarding school, and his realization that the haze in which he has lived has to give way to something that will stay with him forever. The book is based on Peter Farrelly's experience at Kent School, a prep school in Kent, Connecticut. Plot Timothy "Dildo/Dunph" Dunphy (Shawn Hatosy), is in the Class of 1974 in his high school senior year living in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, comes from a troubled single parent working-class family, and is friends with those who have aspirations which do not exceed smoking marijuana at the water tower that has a view of the town. His father, Pat (Alec Baldwin), suffers from his wife committing suicide and appears naïve when the boys come back to the Dunphys' house to get a bong. A regularly held poker game is in progress. Pat insists that the boys be respectful and come in to say hello. The boys' intention is undetected by Pat that they are using drugs when Dunph's wheelchair-using younger brother, Jackie (Tommy Bone), attempts to hand off the bong wrapped in Dunph's coat. It falls to the floor. Jackie suggests that it is a musical horn which Pat's friend, Joey (George Wendt), asks Dunph to demonstrate, only able to make sounds about which Pat is dismissive. Pat's friends chuckle at Pat's reaction. Off the boys go on their adventures. The guys head home with Dunph at the wheel but he is unable to see the road with the cloud of marijuana smoke filling the cab. He rear-ends a police vehicle. Pat's poker game player, Caveech, uses his influence with a local judge to replace a reform school sentence with the stipulation of parole graduating high school at Cornwall Academy, a Connecticut boys' boarding school with a sister school nearby under the same name. Failure to graduate vacates the terms of parole and he will serve a one year jail sentence. He meets the rigid dorm master, Mr. Funderburk (Timothy Crowe), who emphases learning the school rules book. Dunph learns that new friend Wheeler and other new schoolmates, a class of people that seem to have more opportunities than himself, are involved in their own mischief just like the boys back home. Billy Fu is one particular example. He is a middle eastern exchange student with "the best reefer on campus". He routinely misses classes without repercussion because his father pledges a large donation to the school on the condition that Billy graduate. Dunph is no longer just any student at the school when "Drugs" Delaney (Jon Abrahams), writes Dunph with his particular colorful words and addressing the letter in the most simplest of ways that the school has to open it to learn of the contents; Dunph has low regard for both the school and Mr. Funderburk. Dunph routinely gets sanctioned with work hours as punishment for his school rules transgressions. He also develops a friendship with a sister school student, Jane Weston (Amy Smart), regarded as "hands down, the coolest girl in school". A romance develops and through her advice he learns about personal fulfillment which could be achieved by an education. She and others are found out by Mr. Funderburk smoking marijuana and drinking alcohol in a dorm room of the boys' dorm. The incident is resolved, unknown to Dunph's knowledge until too late, with Jane expelled for school rules violations. Dunph feels responsible for dashing Jane's goal of attending Brown University following graduation. He concludes: Wheeler's acceptance at Yale University is weighed heavily by a letter of recommendation from Funderburk and Wheeler was caught with marijuana during an earlier raid; therefore Wheeler made his own deal with Funderburk to inform on others which resulted in Jane being expelled. Dunph resolves to see Jane's college plans revitalized by speaking with the Dean at Brown University, as he explains that she was the innocent party in the incident. Dunph comes to terms with his father's apprehension discussing the death in the family because the latter felt responsible for imposing on her a life that she could not handle; she being too young when they married, depressed and agoraphobic. Dunph refuses to shake Funderburk's hand at the graduation ceremony in the auditorium and exits after asking his classmates for his "luggage". He then meets up with his father and Jackie as they arrive. Pat hands over an acceptance letter from the Community College of Rhode Island where Dunph points out that everyone is accepted although he could then transfer to a "senior college...where people sleep over and shit." Pat congratulates Dunph for being the first of the family to go to college and the younger brother not to be trumped surmises the possibility that it just very well may be that Jackie himself may be the first to graduate. Alternate ending An alternate ending is found on the DVD, which has Dunph leaving the graduation ceremonies, meeting Jackie and Clopsy, their three-legged dog. Also showing up is Jane, whom Dunph shares a passionate kiss with, which annoys Funderburk, who wastes no time in rebuking both Dunph and Jane. Dunph responds by punching Funderburk, knocking him to the sidewalk. Cast Shawn Hatosy as Timothy Dunphy Amy Smart as Jane Weston Alec Baldwin as Old Man Dunphy Jon Abrahams as Drugs Delaney Jonathan Brandis as Mousy Adam LaVorgna as Tommy the Wire Jesse Leach as Decenz Gabriel Mann as Jack Wheeler Jack Ferver as Irving Waltham Richard Jenkins as Barney Mike Cerrone as Caveech George Wendt as Joey Eric Brown as English teacher Timothy Crowe as Mr. Funderburk Production The exterior prep school scenes were filmed at the University of Rhode Island, with interior scenes filmed in the Cranston Street Armory in the west end of Providence. The Brother Adelard Ice Hockey Arena at Mount Saint Charles Academy was used for a brief scene. Release USA 16 August 1999 (Warwick, Rhode Island) (premiere) USA 1 September 1999 Iceland 8 October 1999 Australia 28 October 1999 Netherlands 28 October 1999 Sweden 3 December 1999 Finland: 2000 (DVD premiere). Titled: "Elämää oppimassa" Belgium 5 January 2000 Norway 18 February 2000 Argentina: 22 February 2000 (video premiere). Titled: "Lejos de Providencia". Spain: 30 June 2000. Titled: "No puedo perderte por algo tan tonto como el sexo" Slovenia 24 August 2000 Hungary: 17 October 2000 (video premiere). Titled: "Jótanácsok kamaszoknak" Foreign release titles Brazil: Deixa Rolar France: Les années lycée Greece (TV title): Anexigiti pronoia Greece (video title): O eparhiotis Italy: Outside Providence Spanish No Puedo Perderte Por Algo Tan Tonto Como El Sexo Latin América ''Lejos De Providencia. Reception The film recouped costs within the first month of release, with revenue exceeding the $7 million budget by $300,000. Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 51% with an average rating of 5.6/10, based on 76 reviews. The site's consensus states: "Miscasted performers and humor miss the mark." Metacritic gives the film a score of 62 out of 100 based on reviews from 32 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale. References External links 1999 films 1990s teen comedy films American teen comedy films 1990s English-language films Films based on American novels Films set in Connecticut Films set in Rhode Island Films set in the 1970s Films shot in Rhode Island Pawtucket, Rhode Island Films set in 1974 Films with screenplays by the Farrelly brothers 1999 comedy films Films directed by Michael Corrente 1990s American films
This is a list of the municipalities in the province of Ciudad Real in the autonomous community of Castile–La Mancha, Spain. See also Geography of Spain List of municipalities of Spain Municipalities in the Province of Ciudad Real Ciudad Real
Bôa (stylized bôa) are an English alternative rock band formed in London in 1993, by drummer Ed Herten, keyboard player Paul Turrell, and guitarist/vocalist Steve Rodgers. The band progressed from a funk band to a rock band over the years, as bassist Alex Caird and multi-instrumentalist Ben Henderson joined the group, and Jasmine Rodgers was added as vocalist. They produced two major albums, Twilight (2001) and Get There (2005). Their track "Duvet" was the opening theme song to the anime television series Serial Experiments Lain. The band was originally signed by Polystar in Japan and produced their first album The Race of a Thousand Camels (1998). However, the band decided to change labels and signed with Pioneer LDC (now called NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan) to produce their album Twilight (2001). Bôa's current lineup consists of Jasmine Rodgers (vocals and guitar), Alex Caird (bass), and Lee Sullivan (drums and piano). Following their success with Twilight, the band decided to create their own independent label called Bôa Recordings to produce. Get There was released on February 1, 2005. It took Bôa in a new direction, with more structure in lyrics and melody, as well as a more mellow, yet more harder-edged/indie rock format. It also had more acoustic elements than the first album. Career Originally a funk band, Bôa was formed in 1993, by drummer Ed Herten, keyboardist Paul Turrell, and Steve Rodgers on guitar and vocals. Alex Caird, who had played with Ed in another band Draggin' Bones, was soon recruited on bass guitar. Steve's younger sister, Jasmine Rodgers, was invited to sing the chorus part of one of their first songs called "Fran", and she soon became the lead singer of the group. Ben Henderson, who had played with Alex in the band Doctor Sky, was recruited shortly afterwards to play saxophone. Their first live performance was in January, 1994, at the London Forum, supporting Steve and Jasmine's father, classic rock singer Paul Rodgers (of Free & Bad Company fame). In the summer of the same year, Ed Herten decided to leave the band to concentrate on his studies. The new drummer, Lee Sullivan, is the son of Terry Sullivan, the drummer in the band Renaissance. Lee brought a rockier feel to the group's sound which complemented a natural progression away from funk by the band and a migration from saxophone to guitar by Ben Henderson. Bôa honed their live performances with many gigs across the South of England such as the Glastonbury festival (1995). As a result of their Glastonbury performance, they were chosen as the focus of a TV documentary about the festival that was later distributed on the London show "Shift". In 1996, they accepted a recording contract with a Japanese Company, Polystar. They recorded three songs, "Twilight", "Deeply", and "Elephant" in London, with producer Darren Allison (Spiritualized, The Divine Comedy) at the Red Bus studios in London. They recorded further tracks for the album with producer Neil Walsh at the Monnow Valley Studios. Although the album was recorded and produced in England, Jasmine and Steve traveled to Japan in 1998, to promote the debut album Race of the Thousand Camels, which was released only in that country. While signed with Polystar, the band released their first single in 1998, called "Duvet". It was a success in Japan, and became the opening theme of the anime series Serial Experiments Lain. "Duvet" was also on the 1998 album Race of a Thousand Camels in Japan. Meanwhile, the band was working with producer Stuart Epps on new material including an acoustic version of "Duvet" and the song "Drinking". In 2000, Polystar released both the Tall Snake EP, and featured "Duvet" on the 20th Anniversary of Polystar Collection Vol.1 Female Vocal Love Songs compilation. The Tall Snake EP was released in Japan featuring all three versions of "Duvet" and two songs ("Little Miss" and "Two Steps"). However, in 2000, Ben Henderson left the band to concentrate on his other band, Moth, with his wife, singer songwriter Tina Henderson, who together currently record and perform regularly at Steampunk festivals and events in the UK. Bôa began touring more extensively and used this time to gain inspiration for their next album. In 2000, Bôa performed a live concert at the Otakon convention and was well received by fans of the Serial Experiments Lain series. In September, 2002, they held a live performance at the Hammersmith Apollo (London) and received strong accolades for their performance. In 2001, due to contractual disagreements with Polystar, the band changed labels and signed with Pioneer LDC (now known as Geneon Universal). Race of a Thousand Camels was retitled Twilight and released to a US audience in 2001, by Pioneer Music. Twilight consisted of songs from their original Japanese album plus other new tracks. They worked closely with Todd Culberhouse and toured in the US to promote the album. Halfway through the tour, Paul Turrell left the band to pursue other interests. However, the band went on to finish the tour and played at the Animefest in Dallas, Texas (Aug, 2001). "Duvet" was remixed by DJ Wasei and was released on another Lain soundtrack titled Serial Experiment Lain Soundtrack: Cyberia Mix in October, 2003. The band also released a video to go with the single which was reported to have been filmed on top of the roof of Lee Sullivan's flat. By 2003, the band decided to establish their own recording label, called Boa Recordings. They started recording their third successful album titled Get There and released it under their own label in 2004. The album was sold on the iTunes Store, and both their albums Twilight and Get There were sold by their official distributor CD Baby. In September, 2004, Steve and Jasmine performed "Drinking" with their father, Paul Rodgers, at The Strat Pack. The Strat Pack was a concert featuring Joe Walsh, Gary Moore, Brian May, David Gilmour, and many more, marking the 50th Anniversary of the Fender Stratocaster guitar. The film was released in 2005. In 2012, the band started a JustGiving page and announced their support to raise money for AAR JAPAN, a charity that responded to the impact of the 2011 tsunami. On January 4, 2017, former keyboard player Paul Turrell passed away, which the band announced via their Facebook page on the following day. That May, an unreleased Bôa album was discovered on Turrell's website titled The Farm. In December, 2018, a vinyl edition of "Duvet" was released exclusively for the Japanese market. This was a surprise to Bôa, who were not aware of the pressing of the record. The band shared the news on their official Facebook page and asked if fans bought the edition from Japan. In August, 2021, "Duvet" had a massive resurgence in popularity, specifically on TikTok, with over 250,000 posts using the song as of August, 2023. In June, 2023, the band announced that they were going to be releasing a new album later the same year. However, Steve Rodgers was absent from promotions for unknown reasons. Members Current members Jasmine Rodgers – vocals (1993–present) guitar (2023–present) Alex Caird – bass guitars (1993–present) Lee Sullivan – drums, percussion, keyboards (1994–present) Former members Paul Turrell – keyboards, strings arrangements, percussion, electric guitars (1993–2001; died 2017) Ed Herten – drums, percussion (1993–1994) Ben Henderson – electric and acoustic guitars, saxophone, percussion (1993–2000) Steve Rodgers – electric and acoustic guitars (1993–2005) Timeline Discography Studio albums The Race of a Thousand Camels (1998) Twilight (2001) Get There (2005) The Farm (unreleased, first uploaded in 2017) TBA (2023-2024) EPs Duvet (1997) Tall Snake EP (1999) Soundtrack & Compilation appearances Serial Experiments of Lain OST 'Duvet' (1998) Duvet on 20th Anniversary Of Polystar Collection Vol.1 Female Vocal Love Songs (2000) Serial Experiment Lain Soundtrack: Cyberia Mix 'Duvet remix' (2003) Film The Strat Pack: Live in Concert (2005) References External links BoAUK Official YouTube Channel Paul Turrell's web site (Boa 1993 - 2001) Jasmine Rodgers' MySpace page Jasmine Rodgers' Official Website Moth's website English indie rock groups Musical groups from London Musical groups established in 1993 1993 establishments in England
Celal Şahin (22 May 1925 – 23 February 2018) was a Turkish musician playing the accordion, humorist, television talk show host and actor. Celal Şahin was born in Istanbul, Turkey on 22 May 1925. He graduated from Kabataş High School, and then studied Archaeology at the Faculty of Letters of Istanbul University. He played briefly in the Beşiktaş Basketball team. A relative of Süleyman Seba (1926–2014), the renowned chairman of the sports club Beşiktaş J.K., he was a registered member of that club since 1944. Şahin chose a humorist career. Both in radio and television of the Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT), he sang satirical poems accompanied by his accordion. In his poems, he frequently criticized the authorities. Although he earned reputation as an accordionist, he also played a number of other musical instruments as well. He made a number of records and played in two films, namely; Vur Patlasın Çal Oynasın in 1952 and Seher Yıldızları in 1956. Şahin died at the age of 92 in Istanbul on 23 February 2018. He was laid to rest at Zincirlikuyu Cemetery, following the religious funeral held at Zincirlikuyu Mosque on 26 February. He was married to late Yurdagül, and was survived by his son Onur Şahin, a football commentator, daughter Zümrüt and a grandson. References External links 1925 births 2018 deaths Musicians from Istanbul Kabataş Erkek Lisesi alumni Istanbul University alumni Beşiktaş men's basketball players Turkish accordionists Turkish humorists Turkish comedians Turkish male stage actors Turkish television talk show hosts Burials at Zincirlikuyu Cemetery
Chris Clark (born 9 June 1984) is an English former footballer. He played in the Football League for Stoke City. Career Clark was born in Shoreham-by-Sea and joined Portsmouth in 2000. He was loaned out to Stoke City in February 2005 and played in three matches during the 2004–05 season before returning to Portsmouth where he was then released. He went on to play non-league football with Bognor Regis Town. Career statistics Source: References External links 1984 births Living people English men's footballers Stoke City F.C. players Portsmouth F.C. players Bognor Regis Town F.C. players English Football League players Men's association football midfielders Sportspeople from Shoreham-by-Sea
Leskovca () is a settlement in the Municipality of Laško in eastern Slovenia. It lies in the hills east of Laško. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Savinja Statistical Region. References External links Leskovca on Geopedia Populated places in the Municipality of Laško
Arnold Pencliffe Watson Hutton (20 August 1886 – 29 July 1951) was an Argentine footballer who played as a striker for Alumni and Belgrano A.C. As an international, he played for the Argentina national team. Other sports practised by Hutton representing his country include cricket, tennis and waterpolo. Biography Arnold Watson Hutton, known as "Arnoldo" in Argentina, was the son of Alexander Watson Hutton, a Scotsman known as the father of Argentine football for his role in founding the Argentine Football Association and the Alumni A.C. Arnold shared his father's keen interest in sports and made his debut for Alumni on 14 April 1902 at the age of 15. As a teenager, Watson Hutton travelled to Europe, studying in Scotland and Germany. When he returned to Argentina he was part of the Alumni team that won the Primera División championship in 1906, and he made his debut for the Argentina national team in a Copa Newton match against Uruguay at Sociedad Sportiva. He scored the first goal for the 2–1 victory in a game attended by over 5,000. Watson Hutton went on to play 17 times for the national side, scoring six goals and winning two international tournaments. In 1910 he was the top scorer in the Argentine league with 13 goals. He played for Alumni until the club were disbanded in 1911. After the dissolution of Alumni, Watson Hutton moved to rival Belgrano where he continued his career until his retirement from football two years later. In cricket, he represented Argentina in a single first-class match against the touring Marylebone Cricket Club at Buenos Aires in 1912. He was dismissed without scoring by Morice Bird in the Argentine first innings and was not called upon to bat in their second innings, with Argentina winning the match by 4 wickets. References 1886 births 1951 deaths Footballers from Buenos Aires Argentine men's footballers Men's association football forwards Argentina men's international footballers Argentine people of Scottish descent Argentine Primera División players Alumni Athletic Club players Río de la Plata Argentine cricketers
Tüngüşlü (also: Töngüşlü) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Serik, Antalya Province, Turkey. Its population is 864 (2022). References Neighbourhoods in Serik District
′Asheq Omar (, also spelled ′Ashiq Umar) is a Syrian village located in Ayn Halaqim Nahiyah in Masyaf District, Hama. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), ′Asheq Omar had a population of 473 in the 2004 census. References Populated places in Masyaf District
The 2012 Circuit of Ireland, officially the Donnelly Group Circuit of Ireland Rally was the third round of the 2012 Intercontinental Rally Challenge. The fifteen stage tarmac event took place between 6–7 April 2012 with two of the Friday stages taking place at night. It was the first time the event had been included in the IRC calendar. Introduction The rally was based in Armagh with the fifteen stages rally covering a total of primarily on closed public road. A super special stage started the event at the Titanic Quarter, Belfast on the Friday afternoon. Results Special stages References External links The official website for the rally The official website of the Intercontinental Rally Challenge Ireland Circuit of Ireland Circuit of Ireland Rally Ireland
Addison is a village located in the Chicago Metropolitan Area, in DuPage County, Illinois, United States. The population was 36,942 at the 2010 census. History The community itself was originally named Dunkley's Grove after the settler Hezekiah Dunklee, and was renamed after a town in England or Addison, New York. In 1832, Winfield Scott built Army Trail Road on top of a Potawatomi trail in Addison, in order to allow 50 broad-tired wagons to fight Black Hawk and his warriors. In 1864, the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod moved its teacher training to the village from Fort Wayne, Indiana, and established the Addison Teachers Seminary; it remained in Addison until 1913, when it was relocated to River Forest, Illinois, as Concordia Teachers College (now Concordia University Chicago). The village was incorporated in 1884, at which time it had a population of 400. Adventureland amusement park was located in Addison (Lake and Medinah) during the 1960s and 1970s. The Addison Industrial District was the proposed location for the reconstruction of Comiskey Park in the late 1980s before this was voted down. Geography The Village of Addison lies on Salt Creek, a tributary of the Des Plaines River. According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Addison has a total area of , of which (or 98.29%) is land and (or 1.71%) is water. Demographics As of the 2020 census there were 35,702 people, 12,799 households, and 9,165 families residing in the village. The population density was . There were 12,682 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the village was 47.69% White, 3.45% African American, 1.71% Native American, 8.10% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 22.96% from other races, and 16.05% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 45.61% of the population. There were 12,799 households, out of which 34.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.47% were married couples living together, 12.74% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.39% were non-families. 23.23% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.84% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.40 and the average family size was 2.86. The village's age distribution consisted of 22.7% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 25.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.8 males. The median income for a household in the village was $68,534, and the median income for a family was $79,011. Males had a median income of $42,038 versus $30,828 for females. The per capita income for the village was $30,202. About 10.3% of families and 13.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.3% of those under age 18 and 8.4% of those age 65 or over. Economy Top employers According to Addison's 2022 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city were: Arts and culture Addison Public Library. Addison Perspective Addison Center for the Arts Government Rich Veenstra is the Mayor of Addison. Other elected officials include Village Trustees Sam Nasti, Tom Hundley, Bill Lynch, Cathy Kluczny, Dawn O'Brien, Jay DelRosario, and Village Clerk Lucille Zucchero. The town of Triggiano, Italy is the sister city of Addison. Addison is located in Illinois's 8th congressional district which is currently represented by Raja Krishnamoorthi (D-Schaumburg). In the Illinois Senate it is Represented by Don Harmon (D-Oak Park) and Seth Lewis (R-Bartlett). In the Illinois House of Representatives it is represented by Jennifer Sanalitro (R-Hanover Park), Diane Blair-Sherlock (D-Villa Park). and Norma Hernandez (D-Melrose Park). Education Addison is home to Addison Trail High School and to Indian Trail Junior High School. The Elementary schools are: Ardmore, Wesley Elementary, Lake Park Elementary, Fullerton Elementary, Army Trail Elementary, Lincoln Elementary and Stone Elementary. St. Philip the Apostle, a private Catholic school and parish, is located in Addison and serves students from pre-kindergarten through 8th grade. Driscoll Catholic High School was located in Addison before closing in 2009. DeVry University and Chamberlain College of Nursing also call Addison home. Addison also has an Early Learning Center for 3-5-year-old students in Pre-K. Notable people Adam Amin, sportscaster with ESPN and NBC Sports Chicago, raised in Addison and a graduate of Addison Trail High School Mark Anelli, former tight end for the San Francisco 49ers and St. Louis Rams Tim Breslin, professional hockey player who played left wing for the Chicago Wolves Jim Ellison, founder of the legendary Power Pop band, Material Issue, along with Ted Ansani and Mike Zelenko Jamie Freveletti, author of the Covert-One series novels The Janus Reprisal and The Geneva Strategy Bobby Hull, Hockey Hall of Fame inductee who lived in Addison from 1963 to 1971 while playing left wing for the Chicago Black Hawks Brett Hull, hall of fame professional hockey player and son of Bobby Hull who grew up in Addison from 1964 to 1971 George Ireland, men's basketball coach who led the Loyola Ramblers to win the 1963 NCAA championship. He died in Addison Kyle Kinane, stand-up comedian and actor (Those Who Can't, Love, @midnight), raised in Addison and a graduate of Addison Trail High School Hubert J. Loftus, lawyer and politician Tony Pasquesi, defensive lineman for the Chicago Cardinals from 1955 to 1957, a resident of Addison at the time of his death Rob Renzetti, animator and creator of My Life as a Teenage Robot, raised in Addison Mike Retondo, bassist for the Plain White T's Mark Rodenhauser, an American football player who played center for seven NFL teams from 1987 to 1999, played football at Addison Trail High School Alexa Scimeca Knierim, pair skater, 5-time U.S. national champion, two-time Olympian and winner of the 2022 World Figure Skating Championships with partner Brandon Frazier, 2015 U.S. Figure Skating Championships with her then-fiancé Chris Knierim, raised in Addison and a graduate of Addison Trail High School Rocco Sisto, actor best known for playing young Junior Soprano on The Sopranos Gabriel (Gaga) Slonina, goalkeeper for Chelsea F.C. in the MLS who became the youngest starting goalkeeper in MLS history at the age of 17 years and 81 days Leon Spinks, World Boxing Council and World Boxing Association heavyweight world champion who resided in Addison after his retirement from boxing Lina Trivedi, involved with creation of (Beanie Babies), resident of Addison for most of her school-age and young-adult life and a graduate of Addison Trail High School Lenae Williams, basketball player who played guard-forward for the Detroit Shock during the 2002 WNBA season Kathleen Willis, member of the Illinois House of Representatives whose district includes the eastern half of the city, of which she is a resident References Further reading External links Village of Addison Villages in Illinois Chicago metropolitan area Villages in DuPage County, Illinois Populated places established in 1839 1839 establishments in Illinois
Deadpool 2 is a 2018 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Deadpool. Distributed by 20th Century Fox, it is the sequel to Deadpool (2016) and the eleventh installment overall in the X-Men film series. The film was directed by David Leitch and written by Rhett Reese, Paul Wernick, and Ryan Reynolds, who stars in the title role alongside Josh Brolin, Morena Baccarin, Julian Dennison, Zazie Beetz, T.J. Miller, Brianna Hildebrand, and Jack Kesy. In the film, Deadpool forms the X-Force to protect a young mutant from the time-traveling soldier Cable. Plans for a sequel to Deadpool began before the original film's release, and were confirmed in February 2016. Though the original creative team of Reynolds, Reese, Wernick, and director Tim Miller were quickly set to return for the second film, Miller left the project in October 2016 due to creative differences with Reynolds and was soon replaced by Leitch. An extensive casting search took place to fill the role of Cable, with Brolin ultimately cast. Filming took place in British Columbia from June to October 2017. The film is dedicated to the memory of stuntwoman Joi "SJ" Harris, who died in a motorcycle accident during filming. Deadpool 2 was released in the United States on May 18, 2018. The film outgrossed its predecessor, earning over $785 million worldwide, becoming the ninth-highest-grossing film of 2018, the highest-grossing film in the X-Men series, and the highest-grossing R-rated film at the time. The film received positive reviews from critics, with some considering it superior to the first film and praising its humor, cast performances, story, and action sequences, while others criticized its tone, script, and recycled jokes. A PG-13-rated version of the film, titled Once Upon a Deadpool, was released on December 12, 2018, to mixed reviews. Following Disney's acquisition of 21st Century Fox in March 2019, Deadpool's film rights reverted to Marvel Studios. A sequel, Deadpool 3, which will integrate the character into the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), is set for release on May 3, 2024, as the fourth film in Phase Five of the MCU. Plot After fighting organized crime as the wisecracking mercenary Deadpool for two years, Wade Wilson fails to kill one of his targets on his anniversary with his girlfriend, Vanessa. That night, after the pair decides to start a family together, the target tracks Wade down and inadvertently kills Vanessa; Wade then kills him in revenge. Blaming himself for Vanessa's death, he attempts to die by suicide six weeks later by blowing himself up. Wade has a vision of her in the afterlife, but remains alive due to his healing abilities, and his body is restored by Colossus. Wade is left with only a Skee-Ball token, an anniversary gift, as a final memento of Vanessa. Recovering at the X-Mansion, Wade reluctantly agrees to join the X-Men because he believes Vanessa would have wanted him to. He, Colossus, and Negasonic Teenage Warhead respond to a standoff between authorities and the unstable young mutant Russell Collins at an orphanage owned by the Essex Corporation, labeled a "Mutant Re-education Center". Realizing that Russell has been abused by the orphanage staff, Deadpool kills one of the staff members before being restrained by Colossus, and both Wade and Russell are arrested. Fitted with power-suppressing collars, they are taken to the Ice Box, an isolated prison for mutant criminals. Meanwhile, Cable, a cybernetic soldier from the future, travels back in time to kill Russell. Cable storms the Ice Box and attacks Russell. Wade, whose collar breaks in the ensuing melee, attempts to protect Russell. After Cable takes Vanessa's token, Wade forces himself and Cable out of the prison, but not before Russell overhears Wade denying that he cares for the young mutant. Near death again, Wade has another vision of Vanessa in which she convinces him to help Russell. Deadpool organizes a team called X-Force to free Russell from a prison-transfer convoy and protect him from Cable. The team launches its assault on the convoy by parachute, but all members die during the landing except for Deadpool and the teammate, Domino, whose main superpower claims to be pure luck. While a fight with Cable distracts them, Russell frees fellow inmate Juggernaut, who agrees to help him kill the abusive orphanage headmaster. Juggernaut destroys the convoy, rips Deadpool in half, and escapes alongside Russell. While Deadpool recovers, Cable offers to work with Wade and Domino to stop Russell from killing the headmaster, as Russell will then become a serial killer who slaughters his family. Wade accepts on the condition that Cable gives him a chance to talk Russell down. At the orphanage, they are overpowered by Juggernaut while Russell pursues the headmaster. Colossus, having initially refused to help due to Deadpool's murderous ways, arrives to distract Juggernaut. Deadpool fails to placate Russell, forcing Cable to shoot at the young mutant. Deadpool leaps in front of the bullet while wearing the Ice Box collar and dies, reuniting with Vanessa in the afterlife. Wade's sacrifice manages to stop Russell from killing the headmaster, and consequently saves Cable's family. Cable uses the last charge reserved for his return to warp back several minutes, strapping Vanessa's token in front of Wade's heart so he survives the bullet. Cable then decides to stay in the present for a while, to help improve the world, knowing that his family will be safe in the future. Afterward, the headmaster is run over and killed by Wade's taxi driver friend Dopinder. In a mid-credits sequence, Negasonic Teenage Warhead and her girlfriend Yukio repair Cable's time-traveling device for Deadpool. He uses it to save the lives of Vanessa and X-Force member Peter, as well as to kill both an alternate version of Deadpool and Ryan Reynolds after he finishes reading the screenplay for Green Lantern. He then contemplates killing an infant Adolf Hitler off-camera. Cast Ryan Reynolds as Wade Wilson / Deadpool: A wisecracking mercenary with accelerated healing but severe scarring over his body after undergoing an experimental regenerative mutation. He forms the X-Force, a team of mutants, after finding himself at his "lowest point" at the beginning of the film. The film makes several references to Deadpool's pansexuality after the first film was criticized for ignoring it. As a co-writer on the film, Reynolds ad-libbed much of his dialogue throughout the production process. For the film's mid-credits sequence, archive footage of Reynolds portraying Deadpool in X-Men Origins: Wolverine is used, and Reynolds also portrays himself before he acted in the film Green Lantern. Josh Brolin as Cable: A time-traveling cybernetic soldier, "in many ways the opposite of Deadpool". Director David Leitch called the dynamic between Cable and Deadpool "sort of classic buddy-cop fare", and compared them to the characters portrayed by Nick Nolte and Eddie Murphy, respectively, in 48 Hrs. (1982). Leitch added that the character as written in the script was mostly just an "action character", and he relied on Brolin to add nuance to the role and explore the character's internal pain to avoid it becoming a caricature. Brolin signed a four-film deal, and described his appearance here as just the introduction for the character, with "three more movies to reveal more". Morena Baccarin as Vanessa: Wilson's fiancée. The character is killed at the beginning of the film in an example of "fridging"—the killing of a female character to forward the development of a male character. This happens to Cable's wife and daughter as motivation for his story arc as well. Leitch and the writers said they were unaware of the term "fridging" and that they were not being "consciously sexist". Earlier versions of the film simply had Vanessa breaking up with Wilson, but the writers wanted to use the opportunity to "engender great suffering for him by having his line of work be the thing that costs Vanessa her life". They were also more comfortable with the deaths due to the increased number of strong female characters in the film and because the deaths are reversed by the end of the film with time travel; screenwriter Rhett Reese stated, "Maybe that's a sexist thing. I don't know. And maybe some women will have an issue with that. I don't know. I don't think that that'll be a large concern, but it didn't even really occur to us." Baccarin said she trusted the storyline was necessary for the film and emphasized the fact that Vanessa is saved at the end of the film. Julian Dennison as Russell Collins / Firefist: A young mutant with pyrokinetic abilities who is being hunted by Cable. Reynolds insisted on casting Dennison after seeing him in Hunt for the Wilderpeople (2016), with the character "tailor-made" for him, and no other actors considered for the role. Leitch thought the character was an "interesting take on the whole angle of the villain". Dennison felt the role was particularly special because, being "chubby", he would watch superhero films and "never see anyone like me. I am excited to be that for other kids who look like me." Sala Baker plays the character at an older age, in Cable's future. Zazie Beetz as Domino: A mercenary with the mutant ability to manipulate luck, who joins Deadpool's X-Force team. Leitch described the film's version of the character as Beetz' own "real fun interesting take", with the actress interpreting Domino as an only child who forms a "sibling sort of relationship" with Deadpool, with "that back-and-forth banter where she is not dealing with his". Beetz began "working out every day" when she got the role, which required her to shoot guns and use "full body" physicality, and chose not to shave her armpits to match the changing perception of the practice among the general public and to prove that it is "not something that is gross or shameful". T.J. Miller as Weasel: Wilson's best friend and the owner of a bar frequented by mercenaries. Brianna Hildebrand as Negasonic Teenage Warhead: A teenage X-Man with the mutant power to detonate atomic bursts from her body, she is now a "new level of X-Men" after being a trainee in the first film. Hildebrand felt that "it's cool that she's grown and matured and she still has so much of this essence of a punk kid" from the first film, and added that the character would have a "cooler" costume in the sequel. The filmmakers intended to have Hildebrand shave her head to indicate that her abilities burned off her hair, but she was unable to do so due to a television series commitment. The film also reveals that Negasonic is in a same-sex relationship, which is the first openly LGBTQ relationship depicted in a Marvel film. When Reynolds asked Hildebrand how she felt about the potential storyline during development, the actress—a member of the LGBTQ community herself—responded positively with the stipulation that the film not make "a big deal" about the relationship. In a statement, GLAAD President and CEO Sarah Kate Ellis praised the relationship as "a milestone in a genre that too often renders LGBTQ people invisible, and should send a message to other studios to follow this example of inclusive and smart storytelling". Jack Kesy as Black Tom Cassidy: A mutant inmate of the facility where Deadpool and Firefist are imprisoned. He was originally written as a more prominent antagonist, acting as a "devil on Firefist's shoulder", but his role was reduced when the writers decided there were too many antagonists in the story and the budget would be better spent on a character such as Juggernaut. Reprising their roles from Deadpool include Leslie Uggams as Blind Al, Deadpool's blind elderly roommate; Karan Soni as Dopinder, Deadpool's admirer and taxi driver, serving as Deadpool's de facto chauffeur; and Stefan Kapičić as the voice of Colossus, a member of the X-Men with the mutant ability to transform his entire body into organic steel. Kapičić described Colossus as one of the most important characters in the film, requiring a more intense process for Kapičić during recording for the character. He explained that Colossus would continue to try making Deadpool a better person and potential X-Men after doing so in the first film. Unlike the first film, Kapičić also provided performance capture for the character's face on the sequel, while Andre Tricoteux returned to stand-in for the character on set. Additionally, Eddie Marsan stars as the Headmaster, who is the brutal headmaster of the Essex Home for Mutant Rehabilitation, an orphanage; Shioli Kutsuna as Yukio, Negasonic Teenage Warhead's girlfriend and fellow X-Men. A version of Yukio previously appeared in the 2013 film The Wolverine, portrayed by Rila Fukushima. Randal Reeder cameos as Buck, A huge "biker-type" who hangs out at Weasel's bar, whom Deadpool only allows to have one line. In addition to portraying Deadpool and himself, Reynolds provided the voice for the Juggernaut. Juggernaut is credited as being voiced by "himself", and was previously portrayed by Vinnie Jones in the 2006 film X-Men: The Last Stand. According to Reese, the creative team on Deadpool 2 felt that appearance did not do justice to the character. Wanting an additional villain for the film to support Firefist for the final fight with X-Force, the writers chose Juggernaut because he is "a force of nature [who] was probably the coolest character never to be used ... in the right way". The character's face was modeled on Leitch's, with Reynolds providing facial capture and his voice. The latter was digitally modulated to make it deeper. Reese added that the character "didn't have many lines, he's a man of few words, but he's a man of great anger and forcefulness". Additionally, Robert Maillet briefly appears as Sluggo, an inmate of the Ice Box who originally had a more prominent antagonistic role alongside Black Tom before both roles were reduced due to the number of villains in the film; Hayley Sales and Islie Hirvonen respectively appear as Cable's wife and Hope, their daughter, during a flashforward; and the film's version of the X-Force team also includes Terry Crews as Bedlam, Lewis Tan as Shatterstar, Bill Skarsgård as Zeitgeist, Rob Delaney as Peter, and Brad Pitt as Vanisher. Pitt was considered for the role of Cable before scheduling issues prevented him from taking it; he filmed his Vanisher cameo in two hours during post-production. Reprising their roles as the X-Men for a brief cameo are James McAvoy as Professor X, Nicholas Hoult as Beast, Evan Peters as Quicksilver, Tye Sheridan as Cyclops, Alexandra Shipp as Storm, and Kodi Smit-McPhee as Nightcrawler. Archive footage of Hugh Jackman as Logan / Wolverine from X-Men Origins: Wolverine is used in the mid-credits sequence, with Jackman's permission. This was re-edited for the sequence, and included raw footage shot for that film. Luke Roessler, who portrays a young David Haller in the X-Men based television series Legion, appears as a young mutant credited as "Cereal Kid". When Cable travels to the present day, he comes across two "rednecks" discussing a toilet paper manifesto. This was inspired by a real manifesto written by Reese, which the writers wanted to be discussed in the film by a certain "calibre" of actor: the characters are portrayed by Alan Tudyk and a disguised Matt Damon, with the latter credited as "Dickie Greenleaf" (a reference to the 1999 film The Talented Mr. Ripley in which Damon stars). Leitch and writers Reese and Paul Wernick respectively cameo as Ice Box inmate "Ground Chuck Mutant", a news helicopter pilot, and a news cameraman. Stan Lee was unable to cameo in the sequel, as he did in the first film and the short No Good Deed, but his likeness was used for a bust in the X-Mansion and for graffiti on a wall. Production Development Producer Simon Kinberg revealed in September 2015 that discussions had begun regarding ideas for a sequel to Deadpool, which was set to be released in February 2016. One idea was for the film to introduce the character Cable, who had previously been looked at to appear in the first Deadpool and X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014) before that. Cable's inclusion in the potential sequel was confirmed by the character Deadpool while breaking the fourth wall in the post-credits scene of the first film. Domino, a character with connections to Cable in the comics, was also believed to be featured in the sequel. By the first film's release, 20th Century Fox had green-lit a sequel, with writers Rhett Reese and Paul Wernick returning to write the screenplay. Though director Tim Miller and producer/star Ryan Reynolds were not confirmed for the sequel at the time, Fox was "intent on keeping the creative team together". Miller and Reynolds' involvement was confirmed at the 2016 CinemaCon that April, though Miller had still not formally signed on to direct the sequel. He began work developing the script with the writers, while Reynolds had signed a new contract granting him "casting approval and other creative controls". In June 2016, Kinberg expected filming to begin at the beginning of 2017. By August, Kyle Chandler was believed to be in the running to portray Cable. After being mentioned in the post credits of the first film, Dolph Lundgren expressed interest in playing the role. He took to his social media to share concept imagery created by poster artist Justin Paul. Testing of actresses for Domino had also begun by October, with the shortlist of actresses under consideration including Lizzy Caplan, Mary Elizabeth Winstead, Sienna Miller, Sofia Boutella, Stephanie Sigman, Sylvia Hoeks, Mackenzie Davis, Ruby Rose, Eve Hewson, and Kelly Rohrbach. The producers were particularly interested in casting a black or Latina actress in the role. Aubrey Plaza auditioned for the role. At the end of October, Miller left the film over "mutual creative differences" with Reynolds, reportedly based on several factors, including Reynolds' expanded creative control over the sequel; Miller's wish for a more stylized follow-up than the first film, versus Reynolds' focus "on the raunchy comedy style that earned the first movie its R rating"; and Miller's intention to cast Chandler as Cable, which Reynolds opposed. Fox ultimately backed "its marketable star" over Miller, who had made his directorial debut with the first film. Miller denied this report, while Reynolds said he could only add that "I'm sad to see him off the film. Tim's brilliant and nobody worked harder on Deadpool than he did." Miller's plans for the film included introducing the young mutant Rusty and a comic book-accurate portrayal of Cable, having Vanessa embrace her Copycat persona from the comics, and featuring a fight between Juggernaut and the Thing. The latter is a member of the Fantastic Four, and the studio had approved crossing the character over from that franchise before Miller's exit. A week after Miller's departure, Fox was looking at David Leitch, Drew Goddard, Magnus Martens, and Rupert Sanders as potential replacements for the director. Leitch was the "strong frontrunner" for the role, and signed on a month later. Reynolds, a fan of Leitch's John Wick, said the director "really understands those Deadpool sensibilities and where we need to take the franchise", and "can make a movie on an ultra tight minimal budget look like it was shot for 10–15 times what it cost". Writing The first completed draft from Wernick and Reese was expected around June 2016; multiple had been completed by January 2017. The pair felt a responsibility to explore the team X-Force, which includes Deadpool, Cable, and Domino in the comics, but to also keep the film focused on Deadpool. By the next month, the studio was still not happy with the script, with Reynolds and the writers "bunkered down ... trying to cross the finish line and create something everyone is excited to make". Goddard joined them as a consultant. Reese, Wernick, and Reynolds were credited for the script, the three having split the film's scenes between them before passing them around to be re-written by the others. Reese felt they were able to maintain "one voice" because of their long history with the character during development on the first film. Deadpool 2 is set "more or less" when the first film ends, and focuses on "an existential crisis and a deeply personal cause" for Deadpool. Leitch felt that retaining these personal stakes was more compelling for audiences than trying to build the film around global stakes. The writers felt that the sequel was tonally similar to the first film, but wanted to explore a different theme by focusing on a group of individuals (X-Force) and their need for family, with Reynolds explaining that "the first movie is a love story masquerading as a comic-book movie, and this one is kind of a family film masquerading as a comic-book film again." Deadpool spends around half of the film unmasked, which the writers wanted for exploring the more emotional scenes, though Reynolds was reluctant to do this because he found the make-up required to portray an unmasked Deadpool "time consuming and really uncomfortable". An early idea was to have the film begin five years after the first and explore Deadpool being a father, but the writers quickly decided that this was "never, ever going to work" and reworked the idea to explore the character wanting to have a child but being unable to. Earlier versions of the script included prominent roles for the characters Black Tom Cassidy and Sluggo, but they ultimately had a supporting role and a brief appearance, respectively. The villain Mr. X was also included in early drafts, but was cut due to the number of villains already in the film. The mutant inmates of the Ice Box were going to be explored more by having Cable breaking into the prison cause their power dampening collars to malfunction. This was removed from the script due to it not being feasible within the film's budget. Leitch fought to include more aspects of Cable's backstory in the film after the writers chose to mostly ignore it due to it being convoluted; a painting of Cyclops which would have acknowledged that character as Cable's father was ultimately cut, but the Techno-Organic Virus that Cable is inflicted with and his daughter Hope are depicted. The film features contradictory connections to the various films of the franchise, which Leitch acknowledged as confusing but said that the issue had not really been discussed during development since the Deadpool films are considered their own "entity" in a way, and the character of Deadpool allows them to be "flexible with the timeline, per se". Reese and Wernick preferred to use jokes in the film that only certain members of the audience would understand, though Reynolds would not allow some to be used if he thought not enough people would enjoy them (including a reference to golfer Davis Love III). Following the announcement of the proposed acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney in December 2017, the film includes several Disney-related jokes including a running gag about the Disney film Frozen (2013). However, Fox did make the producers remove a joke from the film that directly acknowledged the deal, which Reynolds said "was a wise decision". Other cut jokes included many "bizarre" characters interviewing to join the X-Force, such as an idea to have Chris Evans reprise his role as the Human Torch from Tim Story's Fantastic Four films. Pre-production Reese and Wernick confirmed in January 2017 that Stefan Kapičić's Colossus, Brianna Hildebrand's Negasonic Teenage Warhead, and Karan Soni's Dopinder would be returning from the first film to "make at least an appearance". By the beginning of March 2017, Michael Shannon had been in the running to portray Cable, but no longer could due to a scheduling conflict. David Harbour had screen-tested for the role, and Pierce Brosnan was believed to be in negotiations for a part in the film, potentially Cable. Reynolds announced shortly after that Zazie Beetz had been cast as Domino. Shannon was in the running to portray Cable again later in the month, and was considered the frontrunner ahead of a shortlist that also included Harbour. Brad Pitt was also considered for the role, but had "moved on". Leitch soon addressed the potential casting of these actors, saying Shannon "would make an incredible Cable ... If that happens, I would be through the roof"; and on Pitt, "We had a great meeting with Brad, he was incredibly interested in the property. Things didn't work out schedule-wise [but] I think he would've made an amazing Cable". Aaron Taylor-Johnson was also approached by Leitch to appear in the film, even meeting together to discuss a role, but Taylor-Johnson declined it; Leitch and Taylor-Johnson would later go to collaborate in Leitch's Bullet Train (2022). At the end of March, Morena Baccarin confirmed her return from the first film as Vanessa and expressed interest in exploring the character's Copycat persona from the comics in the sequel. Josh Brolin emerged as a "surprise contender" to play Cable in April, ahead of Shannon and Harbour, and was officially cast in the role. Brolin also portrays the Marvel Comics character Thanos, in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Also in April, Leslie Uggams confirmed that she would be reprising her role of Blind Al from the first film, while Fox gave the sequel a June 1, 2018 release date. Noting the release date, Leitch wanted to ensure that the film "was worthy of a summer tentpole movie, and we knew we were going to be wedged in between some big films", specifically wanting to expand the action and make the general feeling of the film "bigger" than the first one. However, he wanted the film to have the same DNA as the original "in terms of the tone, and the fun ... I love that challenge" of combining that with the increased scope. The film uses Deadpool's fourth wall-breaking to reference this release period, with Leitch calling these comments "definitely fresh and timely when they come up". In May 2017, Fox was reportedly looking to use a post-credits scene at the end of Deadpool 2 to introduce several other members of X-Force who would go on to star alongside Reynolds, Brolin, and Beetz in an X-Force film. Casting for the characters—Sunspot, Feral, and Shatterstar—would take place over the coming months, though Reese denied the accuracy of this report. Later, T.J. Miller confirmed that he would return from the first film as Weasel, and described the sequel as "even more weaselicious" than the first. He noted that Reynolds and the writers had "really put the time in on the script" to meet their own expectations for the sequel as well as those of fans. Jack Kesy also joined the cast, as Black Tom Cassidy. In June, Shioli Kutsuna was cast in a key role for the film, Negasonic Teenage Warhead's girlfriend Yukio. The writers felt free to use the character in whatever way the film needed due to her having only a minor role in the comics. Filming Initial filming had begun by June 17, 2017, at Hatley Castle in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, which is used to portray the X-Mansion in the X-Men films. Principal photography began in Vancouver, on June 26, under the working title Love Machine. The East Lawn building of Riverview Hospital in Coquitlam served as the location for the initial and final battle sequences. Jonathan Sela served as cinematographer for the film. At the end of June, Reynolds revealed that Julian Dennison had been cast in the film. The next month, T.J. Miller said that he found the sequel to be funnier than the first film, and that "it's not going to be the same movie in a different location [like The Hangover Part II]. It's got different stakes, different things happen, some pretty tragic, dark shit happens in the first part of the film, in the beginning, and the rest of the film is kind of dealing with that." By then, Kapičić had been working with Leitch on set, and expected to continue contributing to Colossus through to April 2018. Production on the X-Men film Dark Phoenix was taking place in Montreal concurrently with the filming of Deadpool 2, with Kinberg directing that film. He directed a brief moment where the X-Men are seen through an open door in the X-Mansion, which was added to Deadpool 2 with the aid of green screen to allow those characters to appear in this film. Leitch worked closely with Sela, the pair having previously collaborated on Leitch's earlier films, to acknowledge the aesthetic of the first film while expanding the look of the sequel to match the new situations and characters introduced. The pair created specific shot lists and plans for blocking out scenes before they arrived on set, and were very particular about the colors they used; they planned the color palette of the entire film, and also produced color wheels detailing specific palettes for each set piece. These color wheels were sometimes adjusted several days into the filming of a sequence after digital intermediate work revealed a different look than Leitch and Sela had been anticipating. Elements that were carried over from the first film included the "moodiness" and saturation of scenes set in Deadpool's apartment, and the contrast with blacks in action sequences, while Cable's future had a new aesthetic unlike anything in the first film. Another example of these color wheels was the sequence in which Firefist is introduced, with Leitch taking advantage of the scene being set during day to overemphasize the lighting and create a general sepia/orange tone that represented the fire abilities the character displays. This aesthetic met the storytelling needs of the scene as well as the practicalities of the filmmaking process. Because the film was shot digitally, Sela worked with Vantage Film to develop custom lenses that created the "texture and flavor" he wanted for it where he otherwise would have manipulated the exposure and development of film stock to achieve the same effect. On August 14, stunt woman Joi "SJ" Harris died in a motorcycle accident after losing control and crashing into Shaw Tower. Harris was working on the film as a stunt performer for the first time and had only joined the production a week before. Harris was not wearing a helmet because the character she was portraying, Domino, does not wear one in the scene, and there had not been time since she joined the film to create one for her to fit underneath the Domino wig. She had two full days of rehearsing the stunt as well as five more attempts on the day of the accident. Veteran stunt double Melissa Stubbs had been available and willing to do the stunt, but the inexperienced Harris was preferred due to her skin color being a match for Beetz. This decision was criticized by multiple stunt professionals, with many noting that Harris' experiences racing motorcycles did not necessarily qualify her as an able stunt performer. Production was shut down immediately after the incident, but resumed two days later. With this news also came reports that the film's crew were "enduring very long hours" and were "exhausted by the schedule", with the studio confirming that some days had increased from the scheduled 12–13 hours filming to over 15 hours. The film's credits includes a dedication to the stuntwoman that reads "In memory of Sequana Harris". Earlier in August, Reynolds revealed that Rob Delaney was at the film's set, and Eddie Marsan revealed later in the month that he was also on set for a role in the film. Filming in Vancouver was expected to last until October 6, with production on Deadpool 2 being officially completed on October 14. Discussing the film's action, having previously worked as a stunt coordinator, Leitch said that all stunts are "variations on a theme" with the same basic elements, but Deadpool allows you to "subvert those basics, and there's an expectation for a classic gag, but oops, maybe you get something else". He also felt that introducing Domino gave the film unique opportunities for action sequences taking advantage of her luck-based abilities, as well as focusing on Deadpool's healing abilities and trying to use those interestingly. Darrin Prescott served as second-unit director on the film, and Jonathan Eusebio was the stunt-coordinator for the film, both having worked on John Wick previously. Domino's abilities were envisioned as a Rube Goldberg machine "on steroids", while Deadpool allowing his arm to be broken during a fight was an example of his abilities being used. Unlike the first film, for which Fox was unwilling to pay for the writers to be on set, the studio did pay for Reese and Wernick to be on set for the sequel. Leitch was happy for this to happen, Reynolds wanted them to be there, and it allowed the pair to continue contributing to the script and suggest new jokes and ideas throughout the filming process. Scroggins Aviation Mockup & Effects was hired to supply a CH-47 Chinook (s/n 90-00204) in the film. Scroggins made modification to the CH-47 and worked with SFX to rig it to a motion base (Gimbal), It would be the first time a real Chinook was placed on a motion base in a motion picture. Post-production Fox revealed in November that the film was technically untitled at that point, and not officially known as Deadpool 2 as had been assumed; the studio was temporarily referring to the film as The Untitled Deadpool Sequel. Sexual misconduct allegations against T.J. Miller surfaced a month later, and by January 2018 some commentators had called for Miller to be replaced in the film in a similar manner to how Kevin Spacey was replaced by Christopher Plummer through reshoots in All the Money in the World (2017). Producer Lauren Shuler Donner addressed whether this would be possible, saying "We're in the final editing. I don't think so." Miller was later arrested for calling in a false bomb threat; Reynolds would not comment on either issue, but stated that Miller would not be appearing in the X-Force film. Also in January, the film's release was moved up to May 18, 2018. In February 2018, Terry Crews was revealed to have a role in the film, the character Shatterstar was confirmed to be appearing, and the production returned to Vancouver for six days of reshoots under a new working title, Daisy. Some reports emerged by mid-March claiming that these reshoots were due to poor audience responses during test screenings of the film, and consisted of sweeping changes. However, the film was soon confirmed to be testing better than the original did, up to 98 out of 100 over three different tests (compared to a maximum score of 91 during tests of the first film). Because of this, the reshoots were adding more of the elements that audiences responded positively to, including additional material featuring Cable and Domino. Sam Hargrave joined the film as a stunt coordinator for the reshoots, trying to "breathe some new life in a couple of sequences". He highlighted a car chase which combines vehicles, actors, and green screen. By the end of the month, Pitt filmed a secret cameo appearance as the X-Force team member Vanisher during two hours of filming in Los Angeles, having been asked to shoot the part by Reynolds and agreeing to be paid "scale", which Reese described as the equivalent of a Starbucks coffee. This was the final photography work done for the film. The film's first full trailer officially titled the film Deadpool 2, and revealed that Crews was portraying Bedlam; confirmed that Delaney would appear, portraying Peter; and that Bill Skarsgård also had a role. The film's final trailer, released a month later, confirmed that Lewis Tan would portray Shatterstar, joining Domino, Bedlam, and Peter as members of X-Force. The group also includes Skarsgård's character, revealed to be Zeitgeist. One scene that was cut from the film following test screenings was a post-credits scene featuring Deadpool traveling back in time to kill a baby Adolf Hitler. It was decided that the scene made audiences too "squeamish", which was not the feeling that the creative team wanted people to be leaving the film with. The film originally did not have any post- or mid- credits scenes, with the Hitler scene and the film's other time-traveling mid-credits scenes shot during additional photography. The latter came about when someone suggested the time travel device be used to fix real-world mistakes like Reynolds' role in Green Lantern which the writers felt was "the funniest idea ever, and what a great idea to end the movie". Additional footage of the X-Force team was shot for the film's marketing to hide the fact that the majority of the X-Force are immediately killed as a joke in the film. Due to Deadpool's mask, the creative team was able to change the character's dialogue up to the film being officially completed; Reynolds took this opportunity to keep adding new jokes to the film as long as possible. Visual effects for the characters of Colossus and Juggernaut were provided by Framestore. The model for Colossus was altered from the first film to make him more "chiseled and angular", and his movements were based on motion capture performed by Andre Tricoteux on set. Tricoteux wore several metallic pieces, including a helmet and chest piece, as reference. Kapičić provided the character's facial performance. The character's "iconic metal ridges" were live textured by animators for the first film, but Framestore changed this to use a combination of shape movement and distortion so they could be more precise with the geometry of the lines. Juggernaut was represented on set by a stand-in, who wore a helmet extension to match the character's height. A full-scale replica of the character's metal helmet was built for interacting with stunts on set, but the final version was completely digital along with the rest of the character. Framestore animators found it challenging to move the helmet in a way that the character could still move his head underneath it, and studied the movement of bodybuilders for the character. Juggernaut's face was modeled on Leitch's, and Reynolds provided facial capture for the character, but this was modified during the animation process. For the final fight between the two characters, two stuntmen who matched the height difference between the two were filmed on a motion capture stage for reference; this footage was edited into a previsualization. Other VFX companies like DNEG, Method Studios and Weta Digital contributed to the film with supervision by Mike Brazelton, Stephen Naze, Sean Konrad, Dan Macarin, and Dan Glass. Music Junkie XL chose not to return for Deadpool 2 after composing the score for the first film, given that Miller was "the driving force behind" him working on that film in the first place. In October 2017, it was confirmed that Tyler Bates would be writing the score for Deadpool 2 after doing the same for Leitch's previous films. Bates approached the music with a slight rock sensibility, and used a distorted guitar run through a wah-wah pedal, microsynths to add "unique colors", and a choir. The choir originally sings lyrics such as "you can't stop this motherfucker" and "holy shit balls!", which ultimately earned the score a parental advisory warning. It is the first score album to receive such a warning. Bates felt this was not "merit-less debauchery, it was just fun. It's very rare that we can work on something at such a high professional level that embraces the irreverence of Deadpool." Leitch wanted to create an original song for the film that served as an emotional through-line for all of the film's characters; the song "Ashes" was ultimately produced, as recorded by Céline Dion. Leitch directed a music video to go with the release of the song, and Reynolds both wanted to produce a music video to accompany the song; Leitch was initially conflicted about this, as he wanted audiences to discover the song, which was filmed in The Colosseum at Caesars Palace. It features dancer Yanis Marshall performing as Deadpool in high heels while Dion sings the song. The song was released as a single with the music video on May 3, 2018, before Sony Classical Records released a score album on May 11, and Columbia Records released an album featuring the songs from the film—including "Ashes"—on May 18. Marketing For the Fox presentation at CineEurope 2017 in June, Reynolds made a video message featuring himself in costume as Deadpool from the film's set. The first teaser poster, which pays homage to Norman Rockwell's 1943 painting Freedom from Want, was released that November. Justin Carter of Comic Book Resources found it "oddly appropriate for Deadpool 2 to co-opt [this] iconic work for a modern pop culture audience" as it is "true to Deadpool's incredibly referential nature". Eric Diaz of Nerdist said, "It strikes exactly the irreverent tone you'd expect for the Deadpool sequel." The first footage from the film debuted the following week, at the end of a video where Reynolds (in-character as Deadpool) parodies Bob Ross and his television show The Joy of Painting. The video was described by The Hollywood Reporters Ryan Parker as "completely out of left field" and setting the tone perfectly for the film, though his colleague Graeme McMillan was less positive due to not knowing of Ross (Deadpool co-creator Fabian Nicieza thought the fact that many in the audience would not know of Ross made the video "exactly the kind of quirky pop culture choice that works perfectly for Deadpool"). Parker added, "This trailer only showed a few seconds from the film, but fans will be talking about it all day" because of the presentation, unlike "any other trailer which would have shown so little of the product". Rather than pay for an expensive advertisement spot during Super Bowl LII, the film's official Twitter account was used to "live tweet" the event with in-character commentary from Deadpool. A new trailer for the film was released later that week, focusing on introducing Cable. Parker felt that "Reynolds and company have completely changed the trailer game. The formula of just showing some of the actual movie, but with a tiny story thrown in is such an incredible marketing idea." McMillan and their colleague Aaron Couch praised the trailer playing on the visual effects for Cable's arm not being finished, noting it as a joke about the visual effects to remove Henry Cavill's mustache from Justice League. The group collectively praised the overall marketing for the franchise, with McMillan suggesting that the campaign for the sequel may surpass that of the first Deadpool. A full trailer for the film, explaining its general plot, was released at the end of March. Forbes contributor Scott Mendelson called it "pretty funny and mostly entertaining", but was disappointed in it being a "conventional" trailer compared to the more out-there videos previously released for the film. He explained that he thought the first film "had a winning lead character and fine character-centric jokes, but a pretty generic origin story plot that eventually became the thing it was critiquing", and was concerned that the sequel would turn out to be "a more standard 'superhero sequel' sell". Mendelson also noted the inclusion of T.J. Miller in the trailer following the reveal of sexual misconduct allegations against the actor in late 2017, calling it "inevitable no matter how tarnished his reputation might be these days". The Hollywood Reporter group also noted the more traditional style of the trailer, but remained generally positive about the film and highlighted the supporting cast for the film as appearing in the trailer, including Brolin, Beetz, Kutsuna, and Crews. Also in March, a Twitter account was established for the character Peter and began to be regularly updated with tweets about his interests, including photos of the character beekeeping and preparing for his role in the X-Force team (as seen in the film). A month later, Fox released the final trailer for the film, with Mendelson lamenting that it was as "conventional" as the previous trailer but finding it understandable that Fox not be seen to be hiding the film, and ultimately felt that the trailer indicated the film would be "a pretty solid comic book sequel". The group at The Hollywood Reporter praised the final trailer as well, highlighting its references to X-Men Origins: Wolverine and the DC universe as well as its introduction of Peter. At the end of April, Leitch stated that alternate versions of jokes that had been cut from the film were included in the trailers, since "only one can live in the movie, so we might have snuck a couple in sort of additional materials that people can discover." As part of a promotion for the film with beverage company Mike's Harder, the Sister Margaret's School for Wayward Girls fictional bar from the film was emulated in pop-ups at the Alligator Lounge in New York from April 26 through 28, and the Slipper Clutch in Los Angeles from May 10 through 12. The pop-ups respectively served pizza and chimichangas, traditionally Deadpool's favorite food, as well as Deadpool-inspired Harder drinks. The campaign also included the chance to win a trip to the film's premiere through Harder, and the Los Angeles pop-up benefited the nonprofit DTLA Film Festival. All-in-all, the studio spent $135 million on promotions and advertisements for the film. Release Theatrical Initial Deadpool 2 premiered at Leicester Square in London on May 10, 2018. It was released in the United States on May 18, 2018, having been previously scheduled for release on June 1 of that year. Extended Leitch's initial cut of the film was around two hours and twelve minutes, with "nips and tucks" done to it to get the run time down to the final two hours. By May 2018, Leitch was working on an official extended edition of the film with Fox wanting to "spin that out as a special thing". He said it would be closer to his initial runtime and would include a cut montage of Deadpool trying to commit suicide in various ways, an extended sequence in the X-Mansion, and alternate versions of jokes that were not chosen for the film's theatrical version. The extended cut, known as The Super Duper Cut or The Super Duper $@%!#& Cut was screened at San Diego Comic-Con 2018 at an event titled Deadpool 2: Uncut Screening. Ahead of the screening, a panel was held at the convention moderated by Soni and featuring other cast members. Some of the scenes cut from the theatrical version of the film were debuted at the panel. The Super Duper Cut also changed and added some post-credits scenes, including Deadpool preventing Peter's death, referencing Wolverine's death in Logan, and extending the "Baby Hitler" post-credits scene from the theatrical release. The Super Duper Cut received mixed reviews from critics, who said that the extended version did not add sufficient new material to the film, and that viewers were likely to retain their same opinions from the film's theatrical release. Mike Sorrentino from CNET noted that many of the new jokes in the extended cut were not as good as the original material, and that one of his favorite jokes was edited out. Once Upon a Deadpool At the end of September 2018, Fox announced that it would release an untitled Deadpool film in theaters on December 21 in place of Alita: Battle Angel, which was moved to February 2019. The studio suggested that press and fans "guess away" as to what this new film would be, but it was believed to be a re-cut version of Deadpool 2 that would carry a PG-13 rating rather than being R-rated like the initial theatrical release. Reynolds hinted that the version of the film would feature Deadpool telling the story of the film to Fred Savage, parodying The Princess Bride (1987) (also a 20th Century Fox film) in which a young Savage was told a bedtime story by Peter Falk who avoided "the scary parts that were a bit too adult for the youngster". Reese and Wernick revealed in October that the idea for the new version of the film was raised by Reynolds during a general discussion about the character following the film's initial release, and that Reynolds also suggested the framing device for the story. Reese and Wernick wrote new scenes for the new version, and Leitch returned to direct them during a single day in August. Wernick said the version would not just be for children who were unable to watch the R-rated release, as "it's subversive enough and fun and creative and something that only Deadpool could do. So I think it's going to be a real joy for not only a whole new audience, but also an audience that has seen and loved the Deadpool movies." They added that the film's story would not change "appreciably" between versions. The majority of the version is the same as the theatrical release, but edited to "meet PG-13 thresholds of violence and language". Despite the edits, the British Board of Film Classification rated Once Upon a Deadpool with a 15 certificate, the same as had been given to the original release of Deadpool 2. Fox officially announced Once Upon a Deadpool in November, and changed the release schedule to run from December 12 to 24. The studio considered the release to be a chance of a "Christmas bonus", and it also had the potential to be released in China unlike the R-rated version. After spending the entire development process of both Deadpool and Deadpool 2 insisting to Fox that the films must be R-rated, Reynolds only agreed to support a PG-13 version of the film if a portion of the release's profit went to charity; Fox agreed to donate $1 for every ticket purchased for the film to the Fuck Cancer charity campaign, which would be temporarily renamed "Fudge Cancer" for the fundraising tie-in. At the end of November, writer and artist Michael Vincent Bramley noted that he had pitched the exact framing device that was being used for this version of the film to Reynolds on Twitter in December 2017. Within a day, Bramley had been contacted by Reynolds to discuss the issue and said, "It seems like this may all just have been a big, insane coincidence and I'm happy to leave it at that." Once Upon a Deadpool received mixed reviews from critics. On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, this version of the film has an approval rating of based on reviews, with an average rating of . The website's critical consensus reads, "Once Upon a Deadpool retains enough of the franchise's anarchic spirit to entertain, but doesn't add enough to Deadpool 2 to justify its own existence." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 53 out of 100, based on 14 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it a 77% overall positive score and a 53% "definite recommend". Home media Deadpool 2 was released digitally on August 7, 2018, and physically on August 21. The latter release covered the Ultra HD Blu-ray, Blu-ray, and DVD formats, including both the theatrical version and Super Duper $@%!#& Cut unrated extended edition. The physical release includes an audio commentary for the theatrical version in 4K and Blu-ray formats, from Reynolds, Leitch, Reese, and Wernick. The Blu-ray format also includes a gag reel, deleted and extended scenes, alternate takes, featurettes on Easter eggs, the cast and characters, Leitch's directing, and the action and stunts, and more. Once Upon a Deadpool was released on digital and on a Blu-ray/DVD combo pack, but was not given a standalone DVD release, on January 15, 2019, with Fox giving $1 for every purchase or digital rental of Once Upon a Deadpool between January 1 and 28 to Fuck Cancer. The film became available to stream on Disney+ on July 22, 2022, alongside Deadpool and Logan. Reception Box office Deadpool 2 grossed $324.6 million in the United States and Canada, and $460.5 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $785.8 million, against a production budget of $110 million. Deadline Hollywood calculated the net profit of the film to be $235.4 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues, making it the seventh most profitable release of 2018. On April 20, 2018, both Fandango and Regal Cinemas announced that Deadpool 2 was the best pre-selling R-rated film in their respective histories. The film opened in 4,332 theaters, setting the record for widest R-rated release ever (beating the 4,103 count by It in September 2017). It made $18.6 million from Thursday night previews and $53.3 million on its first day, setting records for both by an R-rated film, surpassing Its $13.5 million and $50.4 million, respectively. Additionally, Deadpool 2 had the highest opening day for a 20th Century Fox film, beating Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith. It sold a total of 5.8 million tickets on its first day of release, making it the second-highest number of opening day tickets being sold for any R-rated film, after The Matrix Reloaded, which sold 6.2 million tickets during its first day. The film went on to debut to $125.5 million, the second-best opening for an R-rated film behind the original, and became the first film to dethrone Avengers: Infinity War atop the box office. It fell 65.4% in its second weekend, grossing $43.5 million and finishing second behind newcomer Solo: A Star Wars Story. The film made $23.2 million in its third weekend, remaining in second behind Solo. It dropped 39% in both its fourth and fifth weekends, making a respective $14.1 million and $8.7 million. Worldwide, the film had a global debut of $300.4 million, including $174.9 million internationally, the largest-ever for an R-rated film or Fox release. It opened in 81 markets and finished first in all of them, including the United Kingdom ($18 million), Korea ($17 million), Russia ($11.8 million) and Australia ($11.7 million). It remained number one in 27 markets in its second weekend, making $57 million and bringing its foreign total through its first full week to $279.7 million. In its third week of international release the film made $47 million, including a $5.5 million debut in Japan (26% better than the first film), bringing its foreign total to $344 million. In China, where the PG-13 Once Upon a Deadpool version was released, it had earned $42 million, as of February 7, 2019. Deadpool 2 superseded its predecessor to become the highest-grossing R-rated film of all time, until Joker, with a global gross of over $1 billion, surpassed it in 2019. Critical response On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of based on reviews, with an average rating of . The website's critical consensus reads, "Though it threatens to buckle under the weight of its meta gags, Deadpool 2 is a gory, gleeful lampoon of the superhero genre buoyed by Ryan Reynolds' undeniable charm." On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 66 out of 100, based on reviews from 51 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale, the same score as the first film; audiences were 59% male and 41% female. Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars, jokingly calling it the best sequel since The Godfather Part II and saying: "Deadpool 2 is wicked, dark fun from start to finish, with some twisted and very funny special effects, cool production elements [and] terrific ensemble work." PopMatters writer J.R. Kinnard wrote: "If you enjoyed the guilty pleasures of Deadpool, it's an immutable law of physics that you will love Deadpool 2. The second verse may be the same as the first, but that verse is a dirty limerick of childish goodness." Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune gave the film 3 out of 4 stars and wrote, "Deadpool 2 is just like Deadpool only more so. It's actually a fair bit better—funnier, more inventive than the 2016 smash...and more consistent in its chosen tone and style: ultraviolent screwball comedy." A.O. Scott of The New York Times was critical of the cynical tone of the film, writing "something ever so slightly dishonest about this character, something false about the boundaries drawn around his sadism and his rage. Deadpool 2 dabbles in ugliness and transgression, but takes no real creative risks." New York writer David Edelstein wrote that the film was tedious and predictable, noting "A superhero movie with the looseness of a Mad magazine parody remains a viable idea, as demonstrated by the underrated Mystery Men and, of course, Deadpool. But a film that spits one-liners as mechanically as a tennis-ball launcher is even more tediously predictable than one with no sense of humor at all." Accolades Further films Canceled Fox sequel and spin-off By November 2016, with development underway on Deadpool 2, Fox was also planning Deadpool 3, which was said to include the X-Force team. With the confirmation that Leitch would direct Deadpool 2, Fox was looking for a separate filmmaker to direct Deadpool 3. In March 2017, Reese clarified that though Deadpool 2 sets up the X-Force team, a future film focused on the team would be separate from Deadpool 3: "[X-Force] is where we're launching something bigger, but then [Deadpool 3 is] where we're contracting and staying personal and small." In May 2018, Reynolds stated that a third Deadpool film might not be made, given the franchise's shift of focus to X-Force, though Reese and Wernick felt a third film would "absolutely" be happening after Reynolds took a break from the character and X-Force was released, which they compared to the Iron Man franchise releasing Iron Man 3 (2013) after the crossover film The Avengers (2012). Also, Leitch expressed interest in returning to the franchise. In January 2021, Reynolds revealed that the plot of the film would have involved Deadpool and Wolverine going on a road trip, in the style of the film Rashomon. After the acquisition of 21st Century Fox by The Walt Disney Company in 2019, all planned X-Men films in development were cancelled, including X-Force and Fox's Deadpool 3, with Marvel Studios taking control of the franchise, alongside the Fantastic Four. Marvel Cinematic Universe Disney CEO Bob Iger said that Deadpool would be integrated with the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) under Disney, and the character's films could remain R-rated "as long as we let the audiences know what's coming". The Once Upon a Deadpool version of the film was being watched carefully by Disney and Marvel Studios to see whether it might inform how they could approach the character and integrate him into the PG-13 MCU. In December 2019, Reynolds confirmed that a third Deadpool film was in development at Marvel Studios. Shawn Levy directs, after previously working with Reynolds on Free Guy and The Adam Project, with Reese and Wernick returning to write the screenplay, along with Zeb Wells, Reynolds, and Levy also co-writing. Reynolds and Levy also produce, with Reynolds doing so through his production company Maximum Effort. Hugh Jackman will appear as James "Logan" Howlett / Wolverine, reprising his role from the X-Men film series. Karan Soni, Leslie Uggams, Morena Baccarin, Stefan Kapičić, Rob Delaney, Brianna Hildebrand and Shioli Kutsuna will reprise their respective roles as Dopinder, Blind Al, Vanessa, the voice of Colossus, Peter, Negasonic Teenage Warhead, and Yukio from the previous Deadpool films. Emma Corrin has been cast in an undisclosed villain lead role, while Matthew Macfadyen is cast in an undisclosed role. Filming began on May 23, 2023, in London. It is scheduled to be released on May 3, 2024, as the fourth film of the MCU's Phase Five. Notes References External links Deadpool (film series) films 20th Century Fox films 2018 films 2018 action films American action comedy films American black comedy films American films about revenge American sequel films American superhero films 2010s English-language films Film spin-offs Films directed by David Leitch Films produced by Lauren Shuler Donner Films produced by Ryan Reynolds Films produced by Simon Kinberg Films scored by Tyler Bates Films using motion capture Films set in Hong Kong Films set in Mississippi Films set in Osaka Films set in Sicily Films set in Westchester County, New York Films set in prison Films shot in Vancouver Films with screenplays by Paul Wernick Films with screenplays by Rhett Reese Films with screenplays by Ryan Reynolds IMAX films Metafictional works Self-reflexive films Superhero black comedy films TSG Entertainment films 2010s American films Live-action films based on Marvel Comics
Lutsu may refer to several places in Estonia: Lutsu, Harju County, village in Kose Parish, Harju County Lutsu, Põlva County, village in Põlva Parish, Põlva County Lutsu, Valga County, village in Valga Parish, Valga County
The Nostocaceae are a family of cyanobacteria that forms filament-shaped colonies enclosed in mucus or a gelatinous sheath. Some genera in this family are found primarily in fresh water (such as Nostoc), while others are found primarily in salt water (such as Nodularia). Other genera (e.g. Anabaena) may be found in both fresh and salt water. Most benthic algae of the order Nostocales belong to this family. Like other cyanobacteria, these bacteria sometimes contain photosynthetic pigments in their cytoplasm to perform photosynthesis. The particular pigments they contain gives the cells a bluish-green color. Species of the Nostocaceae are particularly known for their nitrogen-fixing abilities, and they form symbiotic relationships with certain plants, such as the mosquito fern, cycads, and hornworts. The cyanobacteria provide nitrogen to their hosts. Certain species of Anabaena have been used on rice paddy fields. Mosquito ferns carrying the cyanobacteria grow on the water in the fields during the growing season. They and the nitrogen they contain are then plowed into the soil following the harvest, which has proved to be an effective natural fertilizer. The family Nostocaceae belongs to the order Nostocales. Members of the family can be distinguished from those in other families by their unbranched filaments of cells arranged end-to-end, and development of heterocysts among the cells of the filaments. References Further reading Bold, Harold C., Alexopoulos, Constantine J., & Delevoryas, Theodore. (1987). Morphology of Plants and Fungi (5th ed.). New York: Harper & Row. . Drouet, Francis. (1973). Revision of the Nostocaceae with Cylindrical Trichomes (formerly Scytonemataceae and Rivulariaceae). New York: Hafner Press. Drouet, Francis. (1981). Revision of the Stigonemataceae with a Summary of the Classification of the Blue-green Algae. Vaduz: J. Cramer. Nova Hedwigia: Heft 66. External links Microscopy U Great Lakes Waterlife Photo Gallery Cyanobacteria families
Pierre William (born 17 December 1928) is a French former athlete. He competed in the men's triple jump at the 1960 Summer Olympics. References External links 1928 births Possibly living people Athletes (track and field) at the 1960 Summer Olympics French male triple jumpers Olympic athletes for France Sportspeople from Dakar
Óscar Hugo López Rivas is a Guatemalan professor and politician who served as the Minister of Education from 2016 to 2020 under the government of Jimmy Morales. References Living people Government ministers of Guatemala 1967 births
Pterula multifida is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Pterulaceae. Taxonomy It was first described in 1861 by the Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries who classified it as Pterula multifida based on specimens he had found in 1857. François Fulgis Chevallier's Penicillaria multifida may be confused with this in the taxonomic history due to the identical abbreviation of P. multifida. However this is unrelated and Penicillaria multifida is now a nomen superfluum and considered illegitimate. Penicillaria multifida was a reclassification of Pierre Bulliard's Clavaria penicillata and that species did go to be reclassified as another Pterula species however in 1930 when Fries classified it as Pterula penicillata. Pterula multifida var. densissima was described in 1958 by the Czech mycologist Albert Pilát. The citation he gave for this variant was 'B. et C. 1873' and in the same text he also wrote 'Pterula densissima Berk. et Curt. 1873' which has led to Pterula densissima being listed as a synonym of Pterula multifida. However the taxonomic records for this likewise have some citation errors so they remain unclear. Description Pterula multifida is a small whitish coral fungus with a delicate branching structure. Fruit body: 1-5mm thin, hairlike coral that branches repeatedly towards the smooth and shiny pointed tips. The colour is white to off white to light brown with the tips having a lighter colour than the base. Stem: 0.05–0.1mm when present but sometimes absent. Flesh: White. Tough and rubbery. Spore print: White. Spores: Ellipsoid and smooth. 5–6 x 2.5–3.5μm. Taste: Indistinct. Smell: Indistinct or unpleasant like urea or chemicals. Habitat and distribution The specimens observed by Fries were found growing on sprigs of Spruce on the ground in the Uppsala Botanical Garden, Sweden in 1857. In 1873 this species was included in Charles Montague Cooke's list of British fungi citing a specimen documented by Miles Joseph Berkeley and Christopher Edmund Broome which had been communicated to them by Walter Calverley Trevelyan. However it was noted that they were 'unable at present to meet with a description of this plant'. This species is not commonly recorded in the United Kingdom but has been found in Berkshire, East & West Norfolk, Northamptonshire, North Somerset, South Devon, Surrey, Warwickshire and Glamorganshire in Wales. It occurs on damp soil and leaf litter in woodlands and has been found growing on the fallen catkins of Salix species (willow trees) and on needles from Picea species (spruce). It has also been found on the dead stems of the grass species Juncus subnodulosus, ferns such as Polystichum and on the dead stems of Rose and Rubus fruticosus (blackberries). It grows solitary or in small trooping groups from late Summer to Autumn in England. , GBIF has around 1,250 recorded observations for this species with most being from Europe. However many of there are just observations from citizen science platforms and lack evidence to confirm. Due to the similarities with other Pterula species some may also have been confused. Etymology The specific epithet multifida derives from the Latin multifidus meaning 'with many divisions'. Similar species Pterula subulata is described very similarly. References Pterulaceae Fungi described in 1861 Fungi of Europe
Welt (, "World") is a German free-to-air television news channel owned by WeltN24 GmbH. It also provides regular news updates to Red Bull Media House properties like Servus TV. On 21 September 2017, WeltN24 announced that N24 would be rebranded as "Welt" on 18 January 2018. WeltN24 also publishes Die Welt, a conservative-leaning newspaper. History In the late 1990s, in the heat of the dot-com bubble ProSieben Media Group, then consisting of two TV channels (ProSieben and Kabel 1) whose programming largely consisted of US movies, sitcoms and series, tried to take over German television news channel n-tv, then owned by Handelsblatt and CNN. After the attempt failed, ProSieben Media purchased German newswire ddp (now dapd) and announced the launch of its own news channel soon afterwards, by consolidating ProSieben's news department. The channel was launched on 24 January 2000 at noon, from ProSieben Media's headquarters in Unterföhring near Munich. In collaboration with Bloomberg Television, N24 provided live coverage of financial markets around the world. Apart from running its own network, Welt also provided ProSieben and Kabel 1 with newscasts. In the same year, ProSieben Media AG purchased rival channel Sat.1, located in Berlin, which had a news department of its own and ran a number of factual programmes. ProSieben Media AG renamed itself ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG afterwards. After the merger, N24 moved from Unterföhring to Sat.1's headquarters in Berlin in July 2001, and the news departments of Sat.1 and N24 were combined. In 2002, ProSiebenSat.1's majority owner, KirchMedia, filed for bankruptcy. While ProSiebenSat.1 itself was not broke, an extended search for a buyer, during which ProSiebenSat.1 was effectively owned by KirchMedia's banks, created uncertainty at the company. This combined with the market crisis after the end of the dotcom bubble and 9/11, caused ProSiebenSat.1 to cut costs. It replaced a number of newscasts on N24, especially in the afternoons, the evenings and on the weekends, with cheaper documentaries. Business and stock market coverage was also cut dramatically, and remaining business reports were bought from CNBC Europe instead of producing them in-house. The reports featured CNBC's proprietary graphics. In 2007, N24 strengthened its business coverage, introducing daily programmes such as Börse am Mittag ["Stock Market Afternoon"] and Börse am Abend ["Stock Market Evening"]. The channel moved its headquarters in October 2008. In 2008, ProSiebenSat.1 sold its property in Berlin and announced that Sat.1 would move to Unterföhring, where ProSieben and Kabel 1 were already based. N24 would relocate within Berlin. In 2010, ProSiebenSat.1 sold N24 to a group of private investors, led by former Der Spiegel editor Stefan Aust. N24 was contracted by ProSiebenSat.1 to continue providing Sat.1, ProSieben and Kabel 1 with newscasts at least until 2016. In 2013, N24 was acquired by Axel Springer SE and combined with Die Welt to form WeltN24. On 17 September 2016, a sister channel called N24 Doku launched free to air, which is a one-hour delayed timeshift channel of Welt in the afternoon and replaces some news broadcasts by documentaries in the morning. Programming Welt previously broadcast a variety of programming, with more than seven hours of live programming per business day. CNBC correspondents Silvia Wadhwa, Patricia Szarvas, Roland Klaus, Michael Mross and Bruni Schubert report live from the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, the LSE and the NYSE throughout the day. Since August 2010, news programming has been cut back, with no program lasting more than 15 minutes. Previous Welt newscasts: Currently, Welt runs news on the hour, every hour. Anchors and reporters Pia Ampaw Robert Annetzberger Dietmar Deffner Marc Dickgreber Ralf Finke Michel Friedman Astrid Frohloff Petra Glinski Hans-Hermann Gockel Carsten Hädler Hans-Peter Hagemes Alexandra Karle Andrea Kempter Thomas Klug Dieter Kronzucker Peter Limbourg (chief editor) Michaela Mey Wenzel Michalski Tatjana Ohm Florian Otto Gaby Papenburg Petra Papke Inge Posmyk Milena Preradovic Alexander Privitera Christina Prüver Julia Scherf Katrin Sandmann Sandra Schiffauer Hajo Schumacher Thomas Schwarzer Steffen Schwarzkopf Alexander Simon Thomas Spahn Stephan Strothe Claus Strunz Bruder Paulus Terwitte Hans-Hermann Tiedje Marcus Tychsen Claudia von Brauchitsch Alexander von Roon Verena Wriedt Programming Talk Studio Friedman, hosted by Michel Friedman (2004–present) N24 Doku On 9 June 2016, WeltN24 announced the launch of N24 Doku as the timeshift channel of N24 in the autumn of 2016. On 20 July 2016, it was announced that the broadcaster would start on 17 September 2016. Austrian feed On 27 April 2012 the SES Astra satellite platform has been showing an Austrian subfeed of N24 (transponder 3, 11,244 GHz horizontal, SR 22,000, FEC 5/6). Nothing has been reported to the press about the launch of the station. A few days later, the transmitter was switched off again. On 16 July 2012 the broadcasting code N24 HD Austria was launched. On 2 April 2016, N24 Austria started its broadcast via Astra 1N. On 18 January 2018 N24 Austria was replaced by N24 Doku Austria. Station logos References External links Official Website (in German) Television channels and stations established in 2000 24-hour television news channels in Germany 2000 establishments in Germany Television stations in Berlin
is the first studio album by the Japanese girl band Princess Princess, released on May 21, 1987, by CBS Sony. It features the band's debut single "Koi wa Balance". In contrast to the band's 1986 debut EP Kiss de Crime, the album features songwriting credits primarily by the band members. The album peaked at No. 38 on Oricon's albums chart. Track listing All music is arranged by Princess Princess. Charts References External links Princess Princess (band) albums 1987 albums Sony Music Entertainment Japan albums Japanese-language albums
James Edward Scobey (January 3, 1834 - July 6, 1923) was an American educator who led several schools in the United States. Early life and career Scobey was born in Lebanon, Wilson County, Tennessee on January 3, 1834. He studied at Franklin College on the outskirts of Nashville, Tennessee. He began his teaching career in 1855 in his home county. He taught for five years at Union Academy, six miles east of Lebanon. He opened a school on the turnpike between Lebanon and Nashville in February 1867. He dubbed his establishment "Oakland School," and he taught here until 1872. In 1872, Scobey joined Murfeesboro Female Institute, also known as the Scobey School. He remained employed by this educational establishment until 1884. Later in 1884, he became the president at South Kentucky College in Hopkinsville, Kentucky. In 1891, Scobey moved to Franklin, Tennessee and started working for Williamson County. Personal life He married and had several children, some of whom followed him into the teaching profession. After his first wife's death, he married again. Teacher and state legislator Edward Sweatt was his maternal grandfather. Death Scobey died of old age on July 6, 1923. He is buried in the Mount Olivet Cemetery (Nashville). Publications Franklin College and Its Influences References 1834 births 1923 deaths Founders of American schools and colleges People from Lebanon, Tennessee 19th-century American educators Schoolteachers from Tennessee Heads of universities and colleges in the United States
Cinemax is an independent Czech video game developer and publisher. The studio was founded by Lukáš Macura. The studio focuses on computer, mobile and console games. Developed games 1997 – Gooka 1998 – The Hussite 1999 – In the Raven Shadow 2001 – State of War 2005 – Evil Days of Luckless John 2005 – Necromania: Trap of Darkness 2005 – Daemonica 2006 – Gumboy: Crazy Adventures 2007 – Gumboy: Crazy Features 2007 – State of War 2: Arcon 2008 – Gumboy:Tournament 2009 – Puzzle Rocks 2009 – Numen: Contest of Heroes 2009 – Inquisitor 2010 – Sokomania 2010 – Snakeoid 2012 – Decathlon 2012 2012 – Retro Decathlon 2012 2012 – Gyro13 2013 – 247 Missiles 2013 – hexee—smash the match 2014 – Wormi 2014 – Sokomania 2: Cool Job 2014 – The Keep 2019 - Jim is Moving Out! 2023 - Bzzzt TBA - Automatica: Programmable Battle Droids TBA - Brahman: The Gate of Salvation References External links Games by Cinemax Published games Cinemax on Slovak server abcgames.cz Video game companies of the Czech Republic Video game companies established in 1997 Czech companies established in 1997
Thomas William Francis Gann (13 May 1867 – 24 February 1938) was a medical doctor by profession, but is best remembered for his work as an amateur archaeologist exploring ruins of the Maya civilization. Personal history Thomas Gann was born in Murrisk Abbey, County Mayo, Ireland, the son of William Gann of Whitstable, England, and Rose Garvey of Murrisk Abbey. He was raised in Whitstable, where his parents were prominent in the social life of the town. Gann trained in medicine in Middlesex, England. Somerset Maugham named the heroine of Cakes and Ale Rosie Gann. Career In 1894 he was appointed district medical officer for British Honduras, where he would spend most of the next quarter century. He soon developed a keen interest in the colony's Mayan ruins, which up to then had been little documented. He also traveled in the Yucatán Peninsula, exploring ruins there. Gann discovered a number of sites, including Lubaantun, Ichpaatun, and Tzibanche. He published the first detailed descriptions of such ruins as Xunantunich and Lamanai. He made important early explorations at Santa Rita, Louisville, and Coba. At Tulum he documented buildings overlooked by previous explorers, including a rare find of a temple with the Pre-Columbian idol still intact inside. Midway through his career, in 1908 Gann became the honorary lecturer in Central American Antiquities at the new Institute of Archaeology of the University of Liverpool (not long after he had taken the Diploma there in Tropical Medicine). Liverpool subscribers funded several of his fieldwork seasons up to 1912. Retirement Thomas Gann retired as British Honduras's medical officer in 1923 when he wrote several books about his travels and explorations. He sold a large number of objects he had collected in the Mayan region to the British Museum in 1924. Works The Maya Indians of Southern Yucatan and Northern British Honduras (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1918) with Thompson, J.E. The History of the Maya (London: Scribner, 1931) Mexico from the Earliest Times to the Conquest (London: Lovat Dickson, 1936) Notes References External links 1867 births 1938 deaths Writers from County Mayo 19th-century Irish explorers 20th-century Irish explorers 19th-century Irish travel writers 20th-century Irish travel writers Belizean academics Explorers of Central America Mayanists Irish Mesoamericanists 19th-century Mesoamericanists 20th-century Mesoamericanists Mesoamerican archaeologists 19th-century Irish archaeologists 20th-century Irish archaeologists
Joel Villarino (born February 4, 1965 in San Carlos, Negros Occidental, Philippines) is a Filipino football coach who manages Green Archers United F.C. He was also a former member of the Philippines national football team. Competitive career Villarino played for the Philippines national football team. He made an appearance at the 1998 FIFA World Cup qualifiers playing in the 0–5 loss to Qatar in September 1996. Coaching career Club Joel Villarino has coached various teams having coached Pasargad F.C., the women's squad of Global F.C., Miriam College varsity team, and the Ateneo Futsal Club by 2013. Pasargad Villarino worked with Pasargad F.C. again as their head coach debuting in a United Football League match against Stallion for Pasargad in July 2016. Kaya (2016 AFC Cup) Serving as head coach Kaya FC only for the 2016 AFC Cup, Villarino led his team in the 0-1 loss to Kitchee SC in their first fixture, hosting Maldivian club New Radiant in their second, the first AFC Cup match Kaya hosted. This was followed by a 1-0 win over Balestier Khalsa in their third game, Villarino exuberant with the victory. The Filipino coach eventually led the club to book their place in the knockout stages, euphoric with results. However, in the round-of-16, his charges were defeated by Johor Darul Takzim 7-2; in spite of the scoreline, Villarino claimed it was 'an honor' to play against JDT. Philippines women's national team Villarino was appointed as the head coach of the Philippines women's national football team in September 2008 and was tasked to mentor the squad that will compete at the 2008 AFF Women's Championship. References 1965 births Filipino football managers Living people People from Negros Occidental Philippines women's national football team managers Philippines men's international footballers Men's association football players not categorized by position Filipino men's footballers Philippines Football League managers
The Law of Lombardy is a 1779 tragedy by the Irish writer Robert Jephson. The original Drury Lane cast included William Smith as Paladore, Robert Bensley as King, John Hayman Packer as Rinaldo, Richard Hurst as Asciano, James Wrighten as Forester, John Henderson as Bireno, Mary Robinson as Alinda and Elizabeth Younge as Princess. References Bibliography Nicoll, Allardyce. A History of English Drama 1660–1900: Volume III. Cambridge University Press, 2009. Hogan, C.B (ed.) The London Stage, 1660–1800: Volume V. Southern Illinois University Press, 1968. 1779 plays Tragedy plays West End plays Plays by Robert Jephson
Villages (), formally village-level divisions () in China, serve as a fundamental organizational unit for its rural population (census, mail system). Basic local divisions like neighborhoods and communities are not informal, but have defined boundaries and designated heads (one per area). In 2000, China's densely populated villages (>100 persons/square km) had a population greater than 500 million and covered more than 2 million square kilometers, or more than 20% of China's total area. By 2020, all incorporated villages (with proper conditions making it possible) had road access, the last village to be connected being a remote village in Sichuan province's Butuo County. Types of villages Urban Residential community () Residents' committee () Residential groups ( Note Urban village () one that spontaneously and naturally exists within urban area, which is not an administrative division. Rural Administrative village or Village () Gacha () only for Inner Mongolia. Ranch () only for Qinghai. Ethnic village () only for village populated by Ethnic minority. Village committees () Villager groups () Note Natural village () one that spontaneously and naturally exists within rural area, which is not an administrative division. Lists of village-level divisions Villages () List of villages in China Provinces List of village-level divisions of Anhui List of village-level divisions of Fujian List of village-level divisions of Gansu List of village-level divisions of Guangdong List of village-level divisions of Guizhou List of village-level divisions of Hainan List of village-level divisions of Hebei List of village-level divisions of Heilongjiang List of village-level divisions of Henan List of village-level divisions of Hubei List of village-level divisions of Hunan List of village-level divisions of Jiangsu List of village-level divisions of Jiangxi List of village-level divisions of Jilin List of village-level divisions of Liaoning List of village-level divisions of Qinghai List of village-level divisions of Shaanxi List of village-level divisions of Shandong List of village-level divisions of Shanxi List of village-level divisions of Sichuan List of village-level divisions of Yunnan List of village-level divisions of Zhejiang Autonomous areas List of village-level divisions of Guangxi List of village-level divisions of Inner Mongolia List of village-level divisions of Ningxia List of village-level divisions of the Tibet Autonomous Region List of village-level divisions of Xinjiang Municipalities List of village-level divisions of Beijing List of village-level divisions of Chongqing List of village-level divisions of Shanghai List of village-level divisions of Tianjin See also Ethnic villages of China Organic Law of Village Committees References Bibliography External links Chinese Village Government Information Network Two Chinese Villages, Two Views of Rural Poverty Long-term changes in China's village landscapes are changing the world Administrative divisions of China Populated places in China
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Peter Gunn is a 1989 American made-for-television crime drama film directed by Blake Edwards. It was intended as a pilot to relaunch the Peter Gunn franchise starring Peter Strauss in the role of private detective Peter Gunn. The pilot was aired on ABC on April 23, 1989, but a TV series was not commissioned. The idea of a revival began in 1977 when E. Jack Neuman was approached to write a made-for-TV movie to bring back the original Peter Gunn, Craig Stevens to the role. The project ended because of Blake Edwards' film shooting schedule. Edwards once again announced a TV movie version in 1984 which was intended to star Robert Wagner as Gunn. This eventually became the 1989 TV movie starring Peter Strauss. Plot Detective Peter Gunn is asked by a mob boss to find the murderer of a friend's brother. Although he is working outside from the mob, Gunn is nonetheless pursued by mobsters, the cops and interested women. The story heats up when Gunn finds information that suggests the cops are being framed. Cast Peter Strauss as Peter Gunn Peter Jurasik as Lt. Jacoby Barbara Williams as Edie Hart Jennifer Edwards as Maggie Pearl Bailey as Mother David Rappaport as Speck Charles Cioffi as Tony Amatti Richard Portnow as Spiros Debra Sandlund as Sheila Leo Rossi as Det. Russo Tony Longo as Sergeant Holstead Chazz Palminteri as Soldier External links 1989 television films 1989 films 1989 crime drama films American crime drama films Television films as pilots Television pilots not picked up as a series Films based on television series Films directed by Blake Edwards Films scored by Henry Mancini Television films based on television series Films with screenplays by Blake Edwards 1980s English-language films American drama television films 1980s American films
News for Lulu is an album of hard bop compositions performed by saxophonist John Zorn, trombonist George Lewis and guitarist Bill Frisell. Released in 1987, the album features tunes associated with the classic hard bop era of the 1950s and 1960s, written by Kenny Dorham, Hank Mobley, Freddie Redd and Sonny Clark. News for Lulu is primarily a studio recording, though live versions of three of the studio tracks are included at the end of the album. Though Zorn, Lewis and Frisell were mostly known at the time for playing experimental music, the hard bop songs are interpreted in a manner that's mostly faithful to the originals. The original cover photograph features the actress Louise Brooks who played 'Lulu' in the silent film Pandora's Box (1929), evoking the song "News for Lulu" by Clark. It was released in 1988 on the Swiss HatHut Record label, and re-released in 1993 and again in 2008 with a new cover and additional take of "Melanie" recorded live at Jazzfestival Willisau on August 30, 1987. The same group later released the recording More News for Lulu, which featured 1989 live performances drawn mostly from the same group of hard bop compositions. Reception Critical reception to the album was largely positive. The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow stated "There are hints of the avant-garde here and there, but also plenty of swinging, bop-oriented solos and coherent ensembles. Very intriguing music that is highly recommended to a wide audience of jazz and general listeners". All About Jazz reviewer Martin Longley observed "These compositions all sound very familiar and this can’t be because they’re aired very often on the bebop stage. This has become an oft-visited disc in the collection, but its tunes surely deserve greater use as standards, either because they’re real hard bop classics or because they exist as prime distillations of archetypal bebop moves. It’s hard to tell which is which and why they sound so amazingly compulsive". Chris May of All About Jazz wrote: "It's a perfect blast on two levels—as a celebration of some great tunes and as platform for incisive collective improvisation". Andrew Jones compared the unusual sax-guitar-trombone lineup to a group led by Jimmy Giuffre in the late 1950s, featuring the leader's sax and clarinets alongside valve trombonist Bob Brookmeyer and guitarist Jim Hall (see, e.g., Western Suite). Like Giuffre's group, Zorn's band for the Lulu sessions had no traditional rhythm section (drums, piano and/or bass), and as a result the three musicians found themselves sliding in and out of soloing and supporting roles depending on the song and arrangements, occasionally veering into experimental territory but mostly swinging and staying rooted in blues. Track listing Tracks 1-17 recorded at Soundville Recording Studio Lucerne on August 28, 1987. Tracks 18-20 recorded live at Jazzfestival Willisau on August 30, 1987. Personnel John Zorn - alto saxophone George Lewis - trombone Bill Frisell - guitar References 1988 albums Albums produced by John Zorn John Zorn albums Bill Frisell albums George E. Lewis albums Hathut Records albums Collaborative albums
The Palestinian Communist Workers Party () was a Palestinian communist party. The party was formed in Beirut in 1978, by Palestinian sympathizers of the Egyptian Communist Workers Party. The activity of the party was largely confined to Lebanon. Members included Dr. Samir Berquaoui, Zainab Algenimi, Dr. Samir Huleileh, Muhannad Abdel Hamid, Imad Rahaimh, Rib Salem, Nasri Abdul Rahman and Hani Al-Masri. The party was dissolved in the early 1990s. Tariq al-Intisar (طريق الانتصار) was the organ of the party. References Communist parties in the Palestinian territories Defunct Palestinian political parties Palestinians in Lebanon
Milan Šajin (; born 16 Mаy 1993) is a Serbian-born Qatari handball player who plays for RK Jugović and the Qatar men's national handball team. References http://milansajin.blogspot.mk http://derbi.mk/metalurg-kje-se-zasili-so-reprezentativec-na-katar-video/milan-sajin/ 1993 births Living people Sportspeople from Vrbas Naturalised citizens of Qatar Serbian male handball players Qatari male handball players Expatriate handball players Naturalised sports competitors Serbian expatriate sportspeople in North Macedonia Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Hungary Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Romania Qatari expatriate sportspeople in North Macedonia Qatari expatriate sportspeople in Hungary Qatari expatriate sportspeople in Romania Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Qatar
```objective-c // Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format // path_to_url // // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are // met: // // * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright // notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. // * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above // copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer // in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the // distribution. // * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its // contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from // this software without specific prior written permission. // // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS // "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT // LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR // A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT // OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, // SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. #ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_DATAPIECE_H__ #define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_DATAPIECE_H__ #include <string> #include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h> #include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h> #include <google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.h> namespace google { namespace protobuf { class Enum; } // namespace protobuf namespace protobuf { namespace util { namespace converter { // Container for a single piece of data together with its data type. // // For primitive types (int32, int64, uint32, uint64, double, float, bool), // the data is stored by value. // // For string, a StringPiece is stored. For Cord, a pointer to Cord is stored. // Just like StringPiece, the DataPiece class does not own the storage for // the actual string or Cord, so it is the user's responsiblity to guarantee // that the underlying storage is still valid when the DataPiece is accessed. class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DataPiece { public: // Identifies data type of the value. // These are the types supported by DataPiece. enum Type { TYPE_INT32 = 1, TYPE_INT64 = 2, TYPE_UINT32 = 3, TYPE_UINT64 = 4, TYPE_DOUBLE = 5, TYPE_FLOAT = 6, TYPE_BOOL = 7, TYPE_ENUM = 8, TYPE_STRING = 9, TYPE_BYTES = 10, TYPE_NULL = 11, // explicit NULL type }; // Constructors and Destructor explicit DataPiece(const int32 value) : type_(TYPE_INT32), i32_(value), use_strict_base64_decoding_(false) {} explicit DataPiece(const int64 value) : type_(TYPE_INT64), i64_(value), use_strict_base64_decoding_(false) {} explicit DataPiece(const uint32 value) : type_(TYPE_UINT32), u32_(value), use_strict_base64_decoding_(false) {} explicit DataPiece(const uint64 value) : type_(TYPE_UINT64), u64_(value), use_strict_base64_decoding_(false) {} explicit DataPiece(const double value) : type_(TYPE_DOUBLE), double_(value), use_strict_base64_decoding_(false) {} explicit DataPiece(const float value) : type_(TYPE_FLOAT), float_(value), use_strict_base64_decoding_(false) {} explicit DataPiece(const bool value) : type_(TYPE_BOOL), bool_(value), use_strict_base64_decoding_(false) {} DataPiece(StringPiece value, bool use_strict_base64_decoding) : type_(TYPE_STRING), str_(StringPiecePod::CreateFromStringPiece(value)), use_strict_base64_decoding_(use_strict_base64_decoding) {} // Constructor for bytes. The second parameter is not used. DataPiece(StringPiece value, bool dummy, bool use_strict_base64_decoding) : type_(TYPE_BYTES), str_(StringPiecePod::CreateFromStringPiece(value)), use_strict_base64_decoding_(use_strict_base64_decoding) {} DataPiece(const DataPiece& r) : type_(r.type_) { InternalCopy(r); } DataPiece& operator=(const DataPiece& x) { InternalCopy(x); return this; } static DataPiece NullData() { return DataPiece(TYPE_NULL, 0); } virtual ~DataPiece() { } // Accessors Type type() const { return type_; } bool use_strict_base64_decoding() { return use_strict_base64_decoding_; } StringPiece str() const { GOOGLE_LOG_IF(DFATAL, type_ != TYPE_STRING) << "Not a string type."; return str_; } // Parses, casts or converts the value stored in the DataPiece into an int32. util::StatusOr<int32> ToInt32() const; // Parses, casts or converts the value stored in the DataPiece into a uint32. util::StatusOr<uint32> ToUint32() const; // Parses, casts or converts the value stored in the DataPiece into an int64. util::StatusOr<int64> ToInt64() const; // Parses, casts or converts the value stored in the DataPiece into a uint64. util::StatusOr<uint64> ToUint64() const; // Parses, casts or converts the value stored in the DataPiece into a double. util::StatusOr<double> ToDouble() const; // Parses, casts or converts the value stored in the DataPiece into a float. util::StatusOr<float> ToFloat() const; // Parses, casts or converts the value stored in the DataPiece into a bool. util::StatusOr<bool> ToBool() const; // Parses, casts or converts the value stored in the DataPiece into a string. util::StatusOr<string> ToString() const; // Tries to convert the value contained in this datapiece to string. If the // conversion fails, it returns the default_string. string ValueAsStringOrDefault(StringPiece default_string) const; util::StatusOr<string> ToBytes() const; // Converts a value into protocol buffer enum number. If the value is a // string, first attempts conversion by name, trying names as follows: // 1) the directly provided string value. // 2) the value upper-cased and replacing '-' by '_' // 3) if use_lower_camel_for_enums is true it also attempts by comparing // enum name without underscore with the value upper cased above. // If the value is not a string, attempts to convert to a 32-bit integer. // If none of these succeeds, returns a conversion error status. util::StatusOr<int> ToEnum(const google::protobuf::Enum enum_type, bool use_lower_camel_for_enums) const; private: // Disallow implicit constructor. DataPiece(); // Helper to create NULL or ENUM types. DataPiece(Type type, int32 val) : type_(type), i32_(val), use_strict_base64_decoding_(false) {} // For numeric conversion between // int32, int64, uint32, uint64, double, float and bool template <typename To> util::StatusOr<To> GenericConvert() const; // For conversion from string to // int32, int64, uint32, uint64, double, float and bool template <typename To> util::StatusOr<To> StringToNumber(bool (func)(StringPiece, To)) const; // Decodes a base64 string. Returns true on success. bool DecodeBase64(StringPiece src, string* dest) const; // Helper function to initialize this DataPiece with 'other'. void InternalCopy(const DataPiece& other); // Data type for this piece of data. Type type_; typedef ::google::protobuf::internal::StringPiecePod StringPiecePod; // Stored piece of data. union { int32 i32_; int64 i64_; uint32 u32_; uint64 u64_; double double_; float float_; bool bool_; StringPiecePod str_; }; // Uses a stricter version of base64 decoding for byte fields. bool use_strict_base64_decoding_; }; } // namespace converter } // namespace util } // namespace protobuf } // namespace google #endif // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_DATAPIECE_H__ ```
Baladeh Kojur Rural District () is in the Central District of Nowshahr County, Mazandaran province, Iran. At the National Census of 2006, its population was 17,085 in 4,335 households. There were 17,199 inhabitants in 5,023 households at the following census of 2011. At the most recent census of 2016, the population of the rural district was 18,521 in 5,858 households. The largest of its 23 villages was Salah ol Din Kola, with 2,593 people. References Nowshahr County Rural Districts of Mazandaran Province Populated places in Mazandaran Province Populated places in Nowshahr County
The is a river in Hokkaidō prefecture, Japan. It is 72.5 km in length and has drainage area of 894.7 km². It is a tributary of the Ishikari River. It supplies water to Sapporo city, the capital of Hokkaidō built on the alluvial fan formed by the river. Jōzankei is a popular attraction with onsen (hot springs) along the upper Toyohira. Course From the mountain Oizaridake, the Toyohira River flows northwards into . The created the lake. The river runs through the gorge. After exiting the gorge it is joined by several more rivers before turning East. Two smaller dams block the course of the Toyohira as it moves into the suburbs of Sapporo. The river flows north and east through the middle of the Toyohira Ward of Sapporo. As it leaves the urban area it forms the border between Sapporo and Ebetsu before emptying into the Ishikari River. History The Ainu knew this river as Sapporo Pet (Sapporo River). Toyopira was originally the name of a crossing point of the Sapporo River. Until the 19th century, the lower course of the Sapporo River had been the same as the Fushiko River of today, emptying into the Ishikari River directly to the north. After a flood, the river made a new course to the east. The Ainu called the remains of this old lower course of the Sapporo River Fushiko Sapporo or Old Sapporo. When the Japanese colonized the area, they used Ainu place names. They named the new capital city after the river Sapporo and named the Sapporo River (Sapporo Pet) after the crossing point Toyohira. The old lower course of the Fushiko Sapporo was named . The Toyohira Bridge was built at the crossing point named Toyopira by the Ainu. Tributaries Anano River Makomanai River References Rivers of Hokkaido Rivers of Japan
Martin Madden may refer to: Martin B. Madden (1855–1928), U.S. Representative from Illinois Martin Madden (ice hockey), Canadian former ice hockey general manager See also Martin Maddan (1920–1973), British politician Martin Madan (1726–1790), English barrister, clergyman and writer Martin Madan (politician) (1700–1756), groom of the bedchamber to Frederick, Prince of Wales
Aida Batlle is a Salvadoran coffee farmer and businesswoman. She won El Salvador's inaugural Cup of Excellence competition in 2003 with her Finca Kilimanjaro, one year after she began farming coffee. Batlle focuses on organic methods and hand-harvesting fully-ripened coffee cherry to produce single-origin coffee beans. Early life Batlle's family had farmed coffee in El Salvador for four generations. Her great-great-grandfather, Narciso Avilés, the governor of Santa Ana Province, is credited with bringing the Bourbon coffee bean to El Salvador from Guatemala in the late nineteenth or early twentieth century. The family left El Salvador during the country's civil war when she was six and lived in Miami, Florida, where Batlle grew up. She married and moved to Nashville, Tennessee, then when her marriage ended she returned to El Salvador. Coffee farming Batlle returned to El Salvador in 2002 at the age of 28. Her father, Mauricio Batlle, was farming the family's land, but commodity coffee prices were at historic lows—US$0.40 per pound in 2001—and the business was unprofitable. Batlle settled in Santa Ana and took over the coffee farming business. Batlle, who knew very little about coffee or coffee farming at the time, did know that coffee was a fruit, and she decided to grow it and treat it as an organic ripe-picked fruit, which at the time was highly unusual; most coffee growers were aiming for highest production at lowest cost, which meant industrial growing methods and machine harvesting of unripened coffee cherry. She faced significant pushback from the farm managers, who were used to commodity coffee production. In 2003 she entered her Finca Kilimanjaro coffee in El Salvador's inaugural Cup of Excellence, and it won first place. The prize in the Cup of Excellence is the auction that follows; Batlle's Finca Kilimanjaro product was purchased at auction by a Norwegian roaster for US$14.06 a pound, which was at the time a record. In 2003 commodity product was bringing less than $1 per pound. Production from the other farm she entered, Finca Los Alpes, won 16th place. The wins convinced her father and the farm managers that "coddling" the coffee cherry could be a good business strategy. They also helped her make relationships in the artisanal coffee industry which was at the time just developing. After the 2003 Cup of Excellence competition, Batlle learned coffee cupping. In 2010 she earned a certificaiton from the Barista Guild of America, the first coffee farmer to do so. Batlle operates three family coffee farms, Finca Los Alpes, Finca Kilimanjaro, and Finca Mauritania and an additional farm she owns personally, Finca Tanzania. With the four farms she can produce about thirty tons of coffee beans, if the weather is good and the farms don't experience theft by armed pickers. When she is travelling around her farms, Batlle uses a bulletproof car and is accompanied by armed guards and a dog. Batlle has worked with artisanal roasters Sweet Maria's, Counter Culture, Stumptown and Blue Bottle. Cascara Batlle developed a secondary market for coffee cherry skins, which are dried to create cascara, a tea. Around 2005 she noticed the coffee cherry husks, which are commonly discarded in the milling process, had a floral aroma, and she decided to try brewing tea from them. Cascara in Spanish means skin or peel of fruit. Other growers also began selling their coffee cherry pulp and skins as teas. It can be dried and flaked like ground tea or dried into raisinlike pieces, both of which are prepared with hot water. It is served hot, iced, carbonated, and bottled by various producers, including as a beer. Hashara and quishr are similar drinks traditional in Ethiopia and Yemen. Methods Batlle uses organic methods and focusses on hand-harvesting of ripe beans, sorting them by color to isolate flavors. She pays her pickers double the going rate because the work is so much more exacting than typical coffee harvesting. The most common cultivar on her farms is bourbon. She also grows pacamara and Kenyan. Recognition In 2013 Time said she was leading the coffee industry's third wave, or movement toward single-origin artisanally-produced coffee and recognition of terroir and the properties of individual bean varieties. In 2014 Good magazine named Batlle to their list of 100 innovators. Batlle works as a consultant to designate other growers' coffees as an "Aida Batlle Selection", which commands a premium. References Businesspeople in coffee Living people Salvadoran businesspeople Salvadoran women in business 21st-century women farmers Salvadoran women 1970s births Year of birth uncertain
Taylor Carpenter-Phinney (born June 27, 1990) is an American retired professional road racing cyclist, who rode professionally between 2009 and 2019 for the , and teams. Phinney specialized in time trials on the road as well as the individual pursuit on the track, winning the world title in the discipline in 2009 and 2010. Early life and amateur career Phinney was born on June 27, 1990, to former professional road cyclist and Olympic medal-winner Davis Phinney and former Olympic gold medal-winning cyclist and speed skater Connie Carpenter-Phinney. In 2007 at the age of 16, Phinney began racing on Team Slipstream's junior squad. Slipstream team manager Jonathan Vaughters signed Phinney to the team before he had competed in a race, having heard word-of-mouth reports about Phinney's ability on group rides in Boulder. It was at this time that Phinney was introduced to track cycling. In August 2007, he won the World Junior Championships time trial title. Since then, Phinney has competed in National, World Cup and World Championship events for track cycling. Phinney finished seventh in the individual pursuit at the 2008 Summer Olympics. Later that year, at the U.S. National Track Championships, he won gold medals in the elite one kilometer time trial, individual pursuit and team pursuit races. Professional career Trek–Livestrong (2009–2010) On September 24, 2008, Lance Armstrong announced that Phinney had made the under-23 team, which was organized by the group that managed Armstrong's , . On March 26, 2009, Phinney won the individual pursuit at the 2009 UCI Track Cycling World Championships and, again, at the 2010 UCI Track Cycling World Championships on March 25, 2010. Phinney then switched his focus to the road, winning the Paris–Roubaix Espoirs, the Olympia's Tour overall, in addition to the first four stages and time trials in Tour de l'Avenir and Tour of Utah. On July 29, 2010, it was announced that Phinney and teammates Jesse Sergent and Clinton Avery would ride in the Tour of Denmark for , riding as stagiaires. BMC Racing (2011–2016) On September 22, 2010, the announced that Phinney would become part of BMC in 2011, joining a team that included Cadel Evans, George Hincapie and Alessandro Ballan. The highlight of Phinney's first season with BMC was a fourth-place finish in the Eneco Tour. Phinney started the 2012 season by helping his team win the Giro del Trentino's team time trial, where he wore the leader's jersey for a day. His early target for the 2012 season was the opening stage of the Giro d'Italia, which he duly won to wear the leader's jersey, the maglia rosa, becoming just the third American to do so following Andrew Hampsten in 1988 and Christian Vande Velde in 2008. Phinney then switched his focus to the Olympic Games, targeting the road race and time trial, where he finished fourth in each event. He would go on to win the stage-seven individual time trial of the USA Pro Cycling Challenge. Phinney participated in the 2012 UCI World Road Race Championships. He was part of the six-man BMC team that took silver in the team time trial. Phinney also finished second to Tony Martin in the individual event, missing out on becoming World Champion by five seconds. Amidst the turmoil of the Lance Armstrong–USADA affair, Phinney sent a tweet congratulating his teammate Steve Cummings for his stage win at the Tour of Beijing, saying "He [Cummings], like me, follows his own personal policy of no caffeine pills and no painkillers. Purest of the pure!" Phinney later explained his comment by stating that although legal, caffeine pills and mild painkillers were often used in the peloton during races, and that some riders even crushed them and mixed them in water bottles. He stated that he was entirely against that practice and doping in general. On the penultimate stage of the 2013 Tirreno–Adriatico, in heavy rain, Phinney found himself well in arrears of the leaders on a tough finishing circuit, which included a climb at Sant'Elpidio a Mare with gradients reaching 27 percent. Around 30 other riders in the group abandoned the race with over 100 kilometers (62 miles) to go, but Phinney rode on alone in the hope of making the time limit, so he could compete in the final day's time trial. Ultimately, Phinney missed the time limit by over ten minutes. In the early part of the 2014 season, Phinney won the inaugural Dubai Tour after winning the opening time-trial. In May, Phinney won a stage of the Tour of California. With more than 23 kilometers to the finish, Phinney broke away from a reduced peloton and won by 12 seconds. Soon after, Phinney was victorious for a second time at the United States National Time Trial Championships. Two days later, at the United States National Road Race Championships, Phinney suffered a career-threatening crash after sliding into a guard-rail. He was attempting to avoid a motorcycle on the descent of Lookout Mountain in Tennessee. His injuries—a compound fracture to his tibia and severed patellar tendon—required surgery. Phinney never wore his national jersey as he remained out of action for a year, having initially been given a six-to-eight-week recovery period. At the end of 2015, Phinney participated in "Thereabouts 2", with Angus Morton, Lachlan Morton and Cameron Wurf. "Thereabouts 2" was an adventure-related cycling trip from Boulder, Colorado to Moab, Utah, while attempting to realize what makes cycling so special: adventure, friendship and a lack of structure. Phinney spent the early part of the 2016 season recovering from his injuries, making his first race appearance of the year at the Tour du Haut Var in February and subsequently racing in the spring classics before returning from Europe to his native Colorado. In May 2016 Phinney took his third national time trial title in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, beating runner-up Tom Zirbel by over a minute: Phinney expressed satisfaction with the result and his performance, hoping that it would help him secure selection for the 2016 Summer Olympics. He competed at the Olympics, but despite entering the road time trial with hopes of a medal, he finished 22nd, over five minutes behind winner Fabian Cancellara. Cannondale–Drapac Pro Cycling Team (2017–2019) In September 2016 Phinney confirmed that he had agreed an initial two-year deal with from the 2017 season, with a focus on competing in the classics and aiming to race in the 2017 Tour de France. In June 2017, he was named in the start list for the 2017 Tour de France, marking his debut in the race. In an interview ahead of the Tour Phinney stated that he was still undergoing therapy to deal with the effects of his injuries, and said that the power output from his left side was almost 25 percent down on that from his right side when making an explosive effort. Phinney was leading the mountains classification and wearing the polka dot jersey competition on stage 2. Retirement In October 2019 Phinney announced that he would retire from professional racing at the end of the 2019 season. He cited the ongoing effects of an injury he suffered in 2014 as a reason for his retirement. Major results Road 2007 1st Time trial, UCI World Junior Championships Tour de l'Abitibi 1st Stages 1 (ITT) & 2 2009 1st Paris–Roubaix Espoirs 1st Stage 1 Flèche du Sud 2010 1st Time trial, UCI World Under-23 Championships 1st Time trial, National Championships 1st Overall Olympia's Tour 1st Prologue, Stages 1, 2 & 3 Tour of Utah 1st Prologue & Stage 3 (ITT) 1st Paris–Roubaix Espoirs 1st Stage 2b Le Triptyque des Monts et Châteaux 1st Stage 4 Tour of the Gila 1st Prologue Tour de l'Avenir 2011 4th Overall Eneco Tour 1st Prologue 2012 Giro d'Italia 1st Stage 1 (ITT) Held after Stages 1–3 1st Stage 7 (ITT) USA Pro Cycling Challenge 1st Stage 1 (TTT) Giro del Trentino UCI World Championships 2nd Team time trial 2nd Time trial 3rd Chrono des Nations Olympic Games 4th Road race 4th Time trial 2013 1st Stage 4 Tour de Pologne 3rd Overall Tour of Qatar 1st Young rider classification 1st Stage 2 (TTT) 3rd Giro di Toscana 5th Time trial, UCI World Championships 7th Milan–San Remo 2014 1st Time trial, National Championships 1st Overall Dubai Tour 1st Young rider classification 1st Stage 1 (ITT) 1st Stage 5 Tour of California 7th Omloop Het Nieuwsblad 2015 1st Team time trial, UCI World Championships 1st Stage 1 USA Pro Cycling Challenge 2016 1st Time trial, National Championships 1st Stage 1 (TTT) Tirreno–Adriatico 1st Stage 5 (TTT) Eneco Tour 2nd Team time trial, UCI World Championships 2017 Tour de France Held after Stage 2 2018 8th Paris–Roubaix 2019 1st Stage 1 (TTT) Tour Colombia Grand Tour general classification results timeline Track 2007 1st Individual pursuit, National Championships 2008 1st Individual pursuit, UCI World Junior Championships National Junior Championships 1st Individual pursuit 1st Kilo 1st Team pursuit 2009 UCI World Championships 1st Individual pursuit 2nd Kilo National Championships 1st Individual pursuit 1st Points race 1st Team pursuit UCI World Cup Classics 1st Individual pursuit 1st Kilo 2010 UCI World Championships 1st Individual pursuit 3rd Omnium References External links 1990 births Living people American male cyclists Cyclists at the 2008 Summer Olympics Cyclists at the 2012 Summer Olympics Cyclists at the 2016 Summer Olympics Olympic cyclists for the United States Sportspeople from Boulder, Colorado UCI Track Cycling World Champions (men) American Giro d'Italia stage winners American track cyclists Cyclists from Colorado
Liv Paulsen (29 November 1925 – 3 November 2001) was a Norwegian 100 metres sprinter and shot putter. She represented IL Viking in Stavanger. She finished eighth in the shot put final at the 1946 European Championships with a throw of 10.37 metres. At the 1948 Summer Olympics she did not progress from the qualification round in neither shot put nor 100 m. She won the shot put event at the ingaugural Norwegian championships for women in 1947. Her personal best throw was 11.16 metres, achieved in June 1948 in Oslo. References 1925 births 2001 deaths Norwegian female shot putters Norwegian female sprinters Athletes (track and field) at the 1948 Summer Olympics Olympic athletes for Norway Olympic female sprinters
Convoy ON-153 was the 153rd of the numbered series of ON convoys of merchant ships Outbound from the British Isles to North America. The World War II convoy departed Liverpool on 11 December 1942 and was met on 12 December by Mid-Ocean Escort Force Group B-7. Two merchant ships and the escort group leader were sunk in a North Atlantic battle with U-boat Wolf pack Raufbold before reaching the Western Ocean Meeting Point (WOMP) where the Western Local Escort Force assumed responsibility for the convoy on 23 December. Surviving ships reached New York City on 31 December. Escorts The convoy was protected by Escort Group B-7 comprising 2 Destroyers Royal Navy – , 4 Corvettes Royal Navy - HMS Alisma, HMS Pink, HMS Snowflake, HMS Sunflower 1 Replenishment oiler British Lady and by a Western Local Escort Force of 1 Destroyer Royal Canadian Navy – HMCS Annapolis 3 Corvettes Royal Canadian Navy - HMCS Buctouche, HMCS Edmundston, HMCS Timmins 1 Minesweeper Royal Canadian Navy - HMCS Minas U-boats The convoy was attacked by 13 U-boats from Wolfpack Raufbold, namely , , , , , , , , , , , and Ships in the convoy References Bibliography Tramp to Queen autobiography by Capt. John Treasure Jones, The History Press (2008) External links ON.153 at convoyweb ON153 Naval battles of World War II involving Canada
Rex Alan Wright (born in Sydney, New South Wales alongside his twin brother Mark Wright) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s. He played for the North Sydney Bears in the New South Wales Rugby League competition. He also made one appearance at representative level for New South Wales. His position of choice was at . Wright is one of only three players ever to have been selected to play for New South Wales in the Rugby League State of Origin series whilst not actually playing in the NSWRL at the time. Wright was playing for North Newcastle in the Newcastle Rugby League when he was selected in 1984 for his sole representative appearance. After his retirement in 1987, Wright went on to become an assistant coach to Royce Simmons at the Penrith Panthers. He then became the HPE and Sport Coordinator at Masada College and Glenunga International High School. Career playing statistics Point scoring summary Matches played Sources Whiticker, Alan & Hudson, Glen (2006) The Encyclopedia of Rugby League Players, Gavin Allen Publishing, Sydney References Australian rugby league coaches Australian rugby league players New South Wales Rugby League State of Origin players North Sydney Bears players Living people Rugby league hookers 1959 births Rugby league players from Sydney

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