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The 1970s proved to be a pivotal period for the anti-nuclear movement in California. Opposition to nuclear power in California coincided with the growth of the country's environmental movement. Opposition to nuclear power increased when President Richard Nixon called for the construction of 1000 nuclear plants by the year 2000.
The movement succeeded in blocking plans to build a large number of facilities in the state as well as closing operating power plants. The confrontation between nuclear power advocates and environmentalists grew to include the use of non-violent civil disobedience.
In 1976 the state of California placed a moratorium on new reactors until a solution to radioactive waste disposal was in place, and two years later state politicians canceled the proposed Sundesert Nuclear Power Plant. In September 1981, over 1,900 arrests took place during a ten-day blockade at Diablo Canyon Power Plant. As part of a national anti-nuclear weapons movement Californians passed a 1982 statewide initiative calling for the end of nuclear weapons. In 1984, the Davis City Council declared the city to be a nuclear free zone.
In 2013, San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station Units 2 and 3 were permanently closed, ending nuclear power in Southern California. The state's final two operating reactors at Diablo Canyon are scheduled to close no later than 2025.
Early conflicts
The birth of the anti-nuclear movement in California can be traced to controversy over Pacific Gas and Electric Company's attempt to build the nation's first commercially viable nuclear power plant in Bodega Bay. This conflict began in 1958 and ended in 1964, with the forced abandonment of these plans. Subsequent plans to build a nuclear power plant in Malibu were also abandoned.
1970s and 1980s
As the anti-nuclear movement grew in California, some scientists and engineers began supporting the positions of the activists. They were influenced by the ecology and free speech movements that had inspired activists and had impacted the public consciousness. Californian's for Nuclear Safeguards would succeed at placing Proposition 15 on the June 1976 ballot which would have banned new facilities and put additional safety requirements on operating reactors. The initiative failed to pass with millions of dollars spent by the nuclear industry to influence the outcome. However, as a result of the publicity which included the resignation of three General Electric nuclear engineers, the state legislature passed a moratorium on further nuclear development until a permanent solution to high level waste was in place.
The discovery of a fault near General Electric's Vallecitos Nuclear Center near Pleasanton resulted in the Nuclear Regulatory Commission closing the facility in 1977.
Anti-nuclear groups campaigned to stop construction of several proposed plants in the 1970s, especially those located on the coast and near fault lines. These proposals included the San Joaquin Nuclear Project, overwhelmingly rejected by Kern County voters in March 1978 by a 70–30% margin. A few months later, the proposed Sundesert Nuclear Power Plant was refused a permit by the California Energy Commission, who, a year before the Three Mile Island accident, refused to allow the San Diego Gas & Electric Company to begin construction of the Sundesert units in the "absence of federally demonstrated and approved technology for permanent disposal of radioactive wastes".
Protests over Diablo Canyon
Over a two-week period in 1981, 1,900 activists were arrested at Diablo Canyon Power Plant. It was the largest arrest in the history of the anti-nuclear movement in the United States. Specific protests included:
August 6, 1977: the Abalone Alliance held the first blockade at Diablo Canyon Power Plant, and 47 people were arrested.
August 1978: almost 500 people were arrested for protesting at Diablo Canyon.
April 8, 1979: 30,000 people marched in San Francisco to support shutting down the Diablo Canyon Power Plant.
June 30, 1979: about 40,000 people attended a protest rally at Diablo Canyon.
September 1981: more than 1900 protesters were arrested at Diablo Canyon.
May 1984: about 130 demonstrators showed up for start-up day at Diablo Canyon, and five were arrested.
During this period there were controversies within the Sierra Club about how to lead the anti-nuclear movement, and this led to a split over the Diablo Canyon plant which ended in success for the utilities. The split led to the formation of Friends of the Earth, led by David Brower.
Rancho Seco and San Onofre
In 1979, Abalone Alliance members held a 38-day sit-in in Californian Governor Jerry Brown's office to protest continued operation of Rancho Seco Nuclear Generating Station, which was a duplicate of the Three Mile Island facility. In 1989, Sacramento voters voted to shut down the Rancho Seco power plant. The salient issues were mostly economic; the plant kept breaking down, and it had been shut from late 1985 to early 1988 for repairs, forcing the district to buy electricity from neighbors.
On June 22, 1980, about 15,000 people attended a protest near San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station. In 1977 Bechtel Corporation installed the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station reactor vessel backwards.
California has banned the approval of new nuclear reactors since the late 1970s because of concerns over waste disposal.
Media coverage
Dark Circle is a 1982 American documentary film that focuses on the connections between the nuclear weapons and the nuclear power industries, with a strong emphasis on the individual human and protracted U.S. environmental costs involved. A clear point made by the film is that while only two bombs were dropped on Japan, many hundreds were exploded in the United States. The film won the Grand Prize for documentary at the Sundance Film Festival and received a national Emmy Award for "Outstanding individual achievement in news and documentary". The film shows anti-nuclear protest activities directed at the Diablo Canyon Power Plant on the California coast in the US. The protesters contend, and the movie supports, the assertion that the protests were responsible for delaying the licensing of the Diablo Canyon Power Plant and, as a result of the delay, the uncovering of serious construction errors was made public just before the plant went online and started producing power. For example, earthquake supports for nuclear piping had been installed backwards, and the film includes close up footage of the moment that this information became known.
1990s
On June 15, 1990, the Bureau of Land Management published the draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) for the construction of a low-level nuclear waste repository to be located at Ward Valley California. The company applying to construct and operate the repository was U.S. Ecology. An eight-year struggle between government agencies and opponents of the nuclear waste dump ended with the dump being blocked.
Nuclear-free communities
On November 14, 1984, the Davis City Council declared the city to be a nuclear free zone.
Recent developments
PG&E announced its decision to pursue license renewal for Diablo Canyon in November 2009, and local officials "came out in support because of the economic importance of the plant and its 1,200 employees and $25 million in annual property taxes". However, local anti-nuclear activists oppose renewal and want PG&E to focus more on renewable energy. They are also concerned "about the seismic safety of the plant given the recent discovery of a new earthquake fault nearby".
In April 2011, there was demonstration of 300 people at Avila Beach calling for the closure of Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant and a halt to its relicensing application process. The event, organized by San Luis Obispo-based anti-nuclear group Mothers for Peace, was in response to the Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan.
In 2013, San Onofre 2 and 3 were permanently closed.
In June 2016, Pacific Gas and Electric announced plans to retire the Diablo Canyon Power Plant after its current U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission operating licenses expire in November 2024 and August 2025.
See also
Anti-nuclear groups in the United States
Anti-nuclear protests in the United States
California electricity crisis
J. Samuel Walker
List of articles associated with nuclear issues in California
Nuclear power debate
Nuclear-free zone
Politics of New England
Renewable energy in the United States
Santa Susana Field Laboratory
Solar power in California
Wind power in California
References
Further reading
Brown, Jerry and Rinaldo Brutoco (1997). Profiles in Power: The Anti-nuclear Movement and the Dawn of the Solar Age, Twayne Publishers.
Lovins, Amory B. and Price, John H. (1975). Non-Nuclear Futures: The Case for an Ethical Energy Strategy, Ballinger Publishing Company, 1975,
Natti, Susanna and Acker, Bonnie (1979). No Nukes: Everyone's Guide to Nuclear Power, South End Press.
Ondaatje, Elizabeth H. (c1988). Trends in Antinuclear Protests in the United States, 1984–1987, Rand Corporation.
Price, Jerome (1982). The Antinuclear Movement, Twayne Publishers.
Smith, Jennifer (Editor), (2002). The Antinuclear Movement, Cengage Gale.
Walker, J. Samuel (2004). Three Mile Island: A Nuclear Crisis in Historical Perspective, University of California Press.
Wellock, Thomas R. (1998). Critical Masses: Opposition to Nuclear Power in California, 1958–1978, The University of Wisconsin Press,
Wills, John (2006). Conservation Fallout: Nuclear Protest at Diablo Canyon, University of Nevada Press.
External links
"The Struggle over Nuclear Power". Time.
"Conservation Fallout: Nuclear Protest at Diablo Canyon"
"Police arrest 64 at California anti-nuclear protest"
Alliance for Nuclear Responsibility
Abalone Alliance Archives
California
Nuclear energy in the United States
History of science and technology in California
Environmentalism in the United States
Cultural history of California |
Mary Karen Campbell is an American former competitive ice dancer. With her skating partner, Johnny Johns, she became the 1971 North American bronze medalist, 1972 Nebelhorn Trophy champion, and 1973 U.S. national champion.
Results
Ice dance with Johns:
References
Navigation
American female ice dancers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Barbara Stilwell FRCN is a British nurse, researcher and academic, currently the Executive Director of the Nursing Now Global campaign and based in the United Kingdom, who has held various high-level positions at the Geneva headquarters of the World Health Organization's Human Resources Department.
A native of Liverpool, Dr Stilwell has worked with the Liverpool Associates for Tropical Health since September 2006. Before that, from 1998 to 2006, she worked with the WHO in health systems development, co-authoring the WHO's 2006 Health Report, which was to collect and analyse data regarding the impact of migrants on health systems in developing countries. She was one of the first nurse practitioners in the UK, educated there and in the United States. She practised in underserved areas of Africa, Australasia and the Caribbean. From 1982 to 1990 she had several appointments as a research fellow in nursing studies.
In 1991 she became a principal lecturer at the Institute of Advanced Nursing Education at the Royal College of Nursing. She was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Nursing in 1994.
From 1995 to 1997, as the RCN's Programme Director, she advised at government level on health care issues. After a short time at the Expanded Programme for Immunisation at the WHO, she joined the Human Resources for Health Department in 1998.
From 2010 to 2018 she was based in the United States at Chapel Hill, North Carolina’s LATH/Capacity Project. She was named as Director of Technical Leadership for IntraHealth. In July 2018 she was appointed Executive Director of Nursing Now.
References
External links
29th annual Elizabeth Sterling Soule Endowed Lecture
Year of birth missing (living people)
British academics
British nursing administrators
British expatriates in the United States
World Health Organization officials
Nurses from Liverpool
Living people
Fellows of the Royal College of Nursing
British officials of the United Nations
British nurses |
Mosharraf Hossain ( – 7 February 2010) was a Bangladeshi freedom fighter politician from Netrokona belonging to Bangladesh Awami League. He was elected twice as a member of the Jatiya Sangsad.
Biography
Hossain was elected as a member of the Jatiya Sangsad from Mymensingh-13 constituency in 1979. Later, he was elected as a member of the Jatiya Sangsad from Mymensingh With Netrokona constituency in 1991.
Hossain died on 7 February 2010 at Renaissance Hospital in Dhaka.
References
1940s births
2010 deaths
People from Netrokona District
Politicians from Mymensingh Division
2nd Jatiya Sangsad members
5th Jatiya Sangsad members
Awami League politicians |
All I Want for Christmas Is You, a Night of Joy and Festivity was the second concert residency by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey. Originally performed annually at the Beacon Theatre in Manhattan, New York, the residency began on December 15, 2014, and ended on December 15, 2019, after completing eight legs and fifty-six shows in various countries around the world. The main set list for the show encompassed songs from Merry Christmas and Merry Christmas II You, alongside additional non-holiday tracks from Carey's discography.
Background and development
Mariah Carey released her fourteenth studio album, titled Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse, on May 27, 2014. It debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 album chart with opening week sales of 58,000 copies in the United States, and number one on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. Carey embarked on her eighth concert tour called The Elusive Chanteuse Show in October and November later that year, whereby she performed concerts throughout East Asia, South East Asia and Australasia. During the Australasian leg, Carey announced that she would take up residency at the Beacon Theatre in the New York City borough of Manhattan to be performed annually in December, as a twentieth anniversary celebration of the release of her first Christmas album, Merry Christmas, in 1994, as well as her second Christmas album, Merry Christmas II You (2010). Carey said in an announcement "I can't imagine being anywhere more special than live on stage, in my hometown, celebrating with my fans during the Christmas season, my most treasured time of the year, I can't wait!"
Critical reception
Jim Farber of the New York Daily News stated that while Carey "seemed nervous and out-of-breath," the show had "a strange allure." Steven J. Horowitz from Billboard praised the singer's first performance at the venue, writing: "Carey accomplished what she came to do: spread Christmas cheer." Jon Caramanica from The New York Times who also reviewed the first show wrote the singer felt "utterly at ease" and commended her engagement with the audience.
Commercial performance
Following the announcement of the residency in October 2014, tickets for shows on December 15, 16, 18 and 20 went on pre-sale on November 3 for Citigroup cardholders, while general release followed a week later on November 10. Additional dates for December 21 and 22 were later released. Billboard later announced that the six dates generated a 100% attendance, with Carey playing to a total of 16,196 people and the shows grossing $1,563,173 in total.
In October 2015, a new string of dates were announced once again at the Beacon Theatre with tickets available on October 17 via Ticketmaster.
Set list
"Sugar Plum Fairy Introlude" (Ballet Introduction)
"Hark! The Herald Angels Sing" / "Gloria (In Excelsis Deo)"
"Charlie Brown Christmas"
"Fantasy" (Interlude)
"Oh Santa!"
"Christmas (Baby Please Come Home)"
"Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town" / "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer" / "Jingle Bells" (Children's Choir Interlude)
"Jesus Oh What a Wonderful Child" (Interlude) (Performed by Trey Lorenz and choir)
"Silent Night"
"Joy to the World"
"This Christmas" (Band Interlude)
"When Christmas Comes"
"Here Comes Santa Claus (Right Down Santa Claus Lane) / Housetop Celebration"
"I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus" (Children's Choir Interlude)
"Carol of the Bells" (Dance Interlude) (contains elements from "Sing We Now of Christmas")
"Christmas Time Is in the Air Again"
"O Holy Night"
"Emotions"
"We Belong Together"
"Hero"
Encore
"All I Want for Christmas Is You"
"All I Want for Christmas Is You Reprise" (Outro)
Shows
Cancelled shows
References
2014 concert residencies
2015 concert residencies
2016 concert residencies
2017 concert residencies
2018 concert residencies
Mariah Carey concert residencies
Christmas music
2019 concert residencies |
Woodward's moray, Gymnothorax woodwardi, is a moray eel found in coral reefs in the Indian Ocean, around Australia. It was first named by McCulloch in 1912.
References
woodwardi
Fish described in 1912 |
Bhedpu is a village development committee in Dolakha District in the Janakpur Zone of north-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,943 people living in 767 individual households.
References
External links
UN map of the municipalities of Dolakha District
Populated places in Dolakha District |
The 1961 Sugar Bowl featured the second-ranked Ole Miss Rebels and the unranked Rice Owls. After winning the game, the Rebels were named national champion by the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), although Minnesota was the pick of AP and Coaches' Polls.
In the first quarter, Rebels quarterback Jake Gibbs scored on an 8-yard touchdown run. In the third quarter, Rice scored on a 2-yard run by Blume, but the extra point missed and Rice was still trailing, 7–6. In the fourth quarter, Ole Miss put the game away with a 3-yard touchdown run from Gibbs as Ole Miss won, 14–6. Rice won the statistical battle, but their quarterback threw 4 interceptions, and the team made some key mistakes.
Jake Gibbs was named the game's MVP.
References
Sugar Bowl
Sugar Bowl
Ole Miss Rebels football bowl games
Rice Owls football bowl games
Sugar Bowl
Sugar Bowl |
Stan (stylized as Stan.) is an Australian over-the-top streaming service. It was launched on 26 January 2015. Stan originally was founded as StreamCo Media, a 50/50 joint venture between Nine Entertainment Co. and Fairfax Media. In August 2014, each company invested A$50 million in StreamCo. StreamCo was renamed Stan Entertainment in December 2014, prior to the January 2015 launch of the streaming service. Nine Entertainment would ultimately acquire Fairfax Media in 2018, making Stan a wholly owned subsidiary of Nine Digital.
The service offers a broad range of film and television content from both local and foreign productions, particularly from the United States and United Kingdom. Stan also includes a growing library of their own original film and television content. With over 2.6 million subscribers, as of June 2023 Stan is the fourth largest streaming service in Australia, behind Disney+, Amazon Prime Video and Netflix.
Stan's original comedy No Activity became the first SVOD program ever nominated for a Logie Award at the 2016 ceremony.
Content
At launch, the first major programming announcement was the exclusive rights to the premiere season of Better Call Saul as well as the rights to Breaking Bad, which previously aired on Foxtel. It also held the rights to Transparent and Mozart in the Jungle.
The company has a content partnership deal with Sony Pictures, ABC, SBS and its World Movies subsidiary, Paramount Global, MGM, BBC Worldwide, Showtime, CBS, Village Roadshow, and Warner Bros. International Television Distribution. In December 2014, Stan signed non-exclusive agreements with ABC Commercial and Viacom, with the latter covering Comedy Central, MTV, and Nickelodeon programming.
In August 2015, Stan signed a multi-year deal with Warner Bros. International Television Distribution, bringing several new U.S. series to the platform, including Australian premiere series A to Z and Selfie, as well as the third season of The Following (the first two seasons aired on the Nine Network). In 2016, Stan reached an exclusive multi-year deal with CBS Corporation, which included exclusive rights to Showtime original programs (before the launch of Paramount+ in August 2021).
On 13 December 2018, Stan reached a content agreement with Disney to carry films and television series. The agreement ended in late-2019 due to the launch of Disney+. On 20 August 2019, Stan reached an agreement with Paramount Pictures, carrying some of its films, and series such as The Great and Looking for Alaska. In August 2020, Stan reached a multi-year agreement with NBCUniversal for rights to content from Sky Studios and its U.S. streaming service Peacock.
Original content
Stan has commissioned its parent company, the Nine Network, to produce original Australian drama series exclusive to the service and has approached ABC and SBS on the possibility of co-producing shows and films. On 16 February 2015, Stan announced it was developing two original series—a Wolf Creek series and a political drama based on the life of High Court judge Lionel Murphy titled Enemies of the State, with additional productions to be announced in the coming months. On 10 March 2015, it was announced Stan had acquired Plonk, a comedic wine program which had formerly aired on Eleven, premiering season two on 18 June 2015. On 1 May 2015, Stan announced its first commissioned series, a comedy titled No Activity; which premiered on 22 October 2015. Stan renewed No Activity on 15 December 2015 for a second season.
Acquired exclusives
The following is a list of acquired programs which have had their Australian premiere on Stan.
Stan Sport
In November 2020, Stan began to acquire sports rights in association with Nine's Wide World of Sports. These events are carried in a new add-on subscription known as Stan Sport, while the Nine Network holds free-to-air rights to portions of these packages.
In 2021, Stan and Nine began a three-year contract with Rugby Australia to air rugby union on the Nine Network and Stan. Ending a long-standing agreement with Fox Sports and Network 10, Stan holds the pay television rights, streaming all Super Rugby and Super W matches live and ad-free, as well as coverage of inbound tests involving Australia, Argentina, New Zealand, and South Africa, club matches, The Rugby Championship, the Bledisloe Cup, and the Shute Shield, among others.
Stan and Nine also acquired rights to the French Open and Wimbledon tennis tournaments.
In June 2021, Stan announced the acquisition of the rights to UEFA club competitions, including the UEFA Champions League beginning in August 2021. In the same announcement it was also revealed that the Australian Open would be broadcast on the platform.
Magazine programs
Commentators
Rugby Union
Nick McArdle (Host – Internationals), 2021–present
Roz Kelly (Host – Internationals), 2021–present
Sean Maloney (Main Caller – Internationals), 2021–present
Andrew Swain (Secondary Caller – Internationals), 2021–present
Michael Chennel (Caller – Super W), 2021
Martin Lippiatt (Caller – Super W), 2021
Greg Clark (Caller – Super W), 2021
Tim Horan (Expert Analysis), 2021–present
Drew Mitchell (Expert Analysis), 2021–present
Andrew Mehrtens (Expert Analysis), 2021–present
Allana Ferguson (Expert Analysis), 2021–present
Morgan Turinui (Expert Analysis), 2021–present
Justin Harrison (Expert Analysis), 2021–present
David Campese (Expert Analysis), 2021–present
Michael Cheika (Expert Analysis), 2021–present
Will Genia (Expert Analysis), 2021–present
Sonny Bill Williams (Expert Analysis), 2021–present
James Horwill (Expert Analysis), 2021–present
Heath Tessmann (Expert Analysis), 2021–present
Sera Naiqama (Expert Analysis), 2021–present
Dane Haylett-Petty (Expert Analysis), 2021–present
Gemma Etheridge (Expert Analysis, Sideline), 2021
Alicia Lucas (Expert Analysis, Sideline), 2021
Nick Stiles (Expert Analysis), 2021
Pat McCabe (Expert Analysis), 2021
Mollie Gray (Sideline), 2021
Mick Colliss (WA Sideline), 2021–present
Clint Stanaway (VIC Sideline), 2021–present
Paddy Sweeney (WA Sideline), 2021–present
Michael Atkinson (QLD Sideline), 2021–present
Jeff McTainsh (NZ Sideline), 2021–present
Tennis (French Open, Wimbledon)
Nick McArdle (Host), 2021–present
Roz Kelly (Host), 2021–present
Darren Parkinhost (Host), 2021–present
Clint Stanaway (Host), 2021–present
Todd Woodbridge (Host/Commentator), 2021–present
Brett Philips (Host/Commentator), 2021–present
Sam Groth (Commentator), 2021–present
Jelena Dokic (Commentator), 2021–present
Wally Masur, 2022–present
Chris Stubbs, 2022–present
Football (Champions League)
Roz Kelly (Host), 2021–present
Max Rushden (Host), 2021–present
Ed Kavalee (Host), 2021–present
Tom Steinfort (Fill-in host), 2022–present
Craig Foster (Commentator), 2021–present
Mark Bosnich (Commentator), 2021–present
Grace Gill (Commentator), 2021–present
Mark Pougatch (Sideline Commentator), 2021–present
Alicia Ferguson (Sideline Commentator), 2021–present
Jordan Jarrett-Bryan (Sideline Commentator). 2022–present
Stan Event
Stan Event is a add-on pay-per-view proposition for boxing events.
Marketing and subscription numbers
At launch, Australian actress Rebel Wilson promoted the service.
Parent company Fairfax Media claimed they were approaching 100,000 customers by March 2015, however, many of these customers were on a 30-day trial period. In May 2015, Fairfax announced the service was nearing 200,000 subscribers and had a target of 300,000 to 400,000 by the year's end.
In May 2015, Roy Morgan Research found that Netflix had 1.039 million Australian users, compared to 97,000 for former competitor Presto and 91,000 for Stan. In October 2015, Nine Entertainment claimed that Stan had between 150,000 and 200,000 paying subscribers, which they said was ahead of Presto's estimated 100,000 customers.
One year after its launch, CEO Mike Sneesby announced that 1.5 million users had used the service across almost 700,000 subscriptions. In December 2016 Stan claimed to have 600,000 active subscribers. In November 2017 it was reported that the service had over 800,000 active subscribers and revenue topping $100 million a year.
Stan reached 1 million active subscribers in June 2018. By December 2019, the service had over 1.8 million subscribers.
As of August 2020, Stan passed the 2 million subscriber mark reaching 2.1 million subscribers in total.
As of May 2021, Stan passed 2.3 million active subscribers and more than 4 million people that had entered their credit card details on the platform. Stan gained nearly 150,000 sport subscribers since it began broadcasting rugby union matches earlier this year.
Subscribers
Supported devices
Hardware supported
The devices on this list are supported by Stan:
Apple TV (since 13 May 2015)
Apple iPad Pro 12.9" and 9.7"
Apple iPad 2 and all later generations
Apple iPad Air and all later generations
Apple iPad Mini and all later generations
Android tablets and phones running Jelly Bean 4.2 or higher
Google Chromecast
Sony PlayStation 3 (since 8 October 2015)
Sony PlayStation 4 (since 8 October 2015)
Sony PlayStation 5 (since 12 November 2020)
Microsoft Xbox One (since 13 January 2016)
Microsoft Xbox Series X and Series S
Telstra TV (Since December 2015)
Stan does not support jailbroken iOS devices.
Software supported
Supported web browsers by platform:
macOS: Safari, Google Chrome, WebKit or Firefox
Windows: Safari, Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Microsoft Edge, Opera or Firefox
Linux: Google Chrome or Firefox
Apple iOS
Apple tvOS
Android
See also
9Now
Internet television in Australia
Subscription television in Australia
List of streaming media services
References
External links
Subscription video on demand services
Australian streaming companies
Australian companies established in 2015
Internet properties established in 2015
Internet television streaming services
Companies based in Sydney
Nine Entertainment
Android (operating system) software
IOS software
PlayStation 3 software
PlayStation 4 software
PlayStation 5 software
Xbox One software
Xbox Series X and Series S software |
The Old Piedras River Aqueduct (Spanish: Antiguo acueducto del Río Piedras), also known as the San Juan Waterworks (Acueductos de San Juan), is an aqueduct in the barrio (district) of El Cinco of San Juan, Puerto Rico. It is by the Piedras River, next to the University of Puerto Rico Botanical Garden. This aqueduct dates to the mid 19th century and it was important for the urban development of Río Piedras.
History
The development of an aqueduct at the site by the Piedras River dates to 1825 and it was important to the urban development of Río Piedras, then known as El Roble. The waterworks were critical for their supply of clean water which was fundamental to the city's growth along a main corridor that still exists as Ponce de León Avenue. The original design of the existing aqueduct structure dates to 1847 and was designed by engineer Juan Manuel Lomber. The waterworks went through many upgrades since then done by American British engineers that were completed by the time of the Spanish-American War of 1898, with some main components installed some years later, between 1917 and 1918.
The Puerto Rico Conservation Trust (Para la Naturaleza) currently manages 9 out of the 23 acres of the historic site, and since 2007 has been working with the National Trust for Historic Preservation to preserve the site. The nonprofit organization proclaimed the historic district a National Treasure in 2014. Current plans for the district include the restoration the site's facilities for use as a visitor center dedicated to research, recreation, and education about the benefits of water resource conservation.
Historic district
The aqueduct and its surrounding buildings were added as the Acueducto de San Juan historic district to the National Register of Historic Places on June 21, 2007. The historic district is composed of a small weir that supplied water from the Piedras River; a valve room; six sedimentation and filtration tanks; an engine room with its carbon deposit; and an employee house.
See also
Acueducto de Ponce (1880)
National Register of Historic Places listings in San Juan, Puerto Rico
References
External links
Official website (Para la Naturaleza)
Official website (National Trust for Historic Preservation)
Protected areas of Puerto Rico
National Register of Historic Places in San Juan, Puerto Rico
Tourist attractions in San Juan, Puerto Rico
Aqueducts on the National Register of Historic Places
1840s establishments in Puerto Rico
Infrastructure on the National Register of Historic Places in Puerto Rico
Infrastructure completed in 1847
Infrastructure in Puerto Rico
Aqueducts in Puerto Rico
1847 establishments in the Spanish Empire |
The 2018 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championships for track cycling in 2018. They took place in the Netherlands at the Omnisport Apeldoorn from 28 February to 4 March 2018.
Schedule
The schedule of events was as follows:
Medal summary
Medal table
Medalists
Notes
Riders named in italics did not participate in the medal finals.
Contested in the Olympics as an intra-omnium discipline only.
Not contested in the Olympics.
References
External links
Official website
Official live timing
UCI Track Cycling World Championships
UCI Track Cycling World Championships
2018
2018 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
UCI Track Cycling World Championships
UCI Track Cycling World Championships
Cycling in Apeldoorn |
Lisa-Jayne Lewis is a British broadcaster and commentator specializing in the Eurovision Song Contest and Junior Eurovision Song Contest. She's provided relief support for multiple disasters and manages an artist.
Early life
Lisa-Jayne Lewis was born in Aldershot, Hampshire. She moved as a child to Guildford, Surrey and was educated at Bishop Reindorp School.
Eurovision Song Contest and Junior Eurovision Song Contest
Along with Ewan Spence and Ana Filipa Rosa, Lewis was a commentator for the first USA Radio broadcast of 2018 Eurovision Song Contest from Lisbon, Portugal.
Lewis provided English language international commentary at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2016 from Valletta, Malta and the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2017 from Tbilisi, Georgia.
Since 2016, and following the departure of Luke Fisher in 2015, Lewis has been co-commentator with Ewan Spence on the Unofficial Alternative Online Commentary of the semi-finals (2016, 2017, 2018) and the grand final (2016, 2017). Neither Spence nor Lewis covered the grand final in 2018 as they were commentating for USA Radio. For a number of years, Lewis also presented Eurovision content on Radio 6 International, bringing daily news and reporting from backstage at the contest.
From 2019 Lewis has covered both Eurovision and Junior Eurovision as part of Gateway Community Media's 'All Out Eurovision' team, producing & hosting radio programming that is syndicated to a number of radio stations in the Switch Radio network broadcasting in the UK and Gibraltar.
Personal life
Lewis moved to Boston, Massachusetts in 2000 and spent six years living in the USA during which time she was a soldier and officer (ordained minister) of The Salvation Army. She provided disaster relief support following the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center where she worked as an on-site night chaplain. In 2005, she worked as part of the Gulf Coast Logistics Management team in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. Subsequent to her work at Ground Zero, she suffers with PTSD as well as breathing problems as a result of asbestos inhalation. During her time with The Salvation Army, she lived in the Jubilee House in Dorchester, the former home of Jordan and Jonathan Knight from New Kids on the Block.
Lewis now lives in Herefordshire. She is named on the Lesbian and Gay Christian Movement 'Rainbow List', a list of influential LGBT Christians in the UK. In 2019, Lewis became a trustee of the charity OneBodyOneFaith (formerly the Lesbian and Gay Christian Movement) she openly identifies as bisexual/pansexual.
During the 2017 Eurovision season, she became close friends with Montenegrin representative Slavko Kalezić, who she now manages. She accompanied Slavko all through his time on The X Factor UK and can be seen in a number of clips alongside him.
References
External links
Official website
1977 births
Living people
Mass media people from Aldershot
Pansexual women
Bisexual women
English bisexual people
English LGBT broadcasters
British radio personalities |
```php
<?php
declare(strict_types=1);
namespace App\Console\Command\Sync;
use App\Cache\NowPlayingCache;
use App\Container\EntityManagerAwareTrait;
use App\Container\SettingsAwareTrait;
use App\Lock\LockFactory;
use App\Utilities\Types;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Attribute\AsCommand;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputOption;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Style\SymfonyStyle;
#[AsCommand(
name: 'azuracast:sync:nowplaying',
description: 'Task to run the Now Playing worker task.'
)]
final class NowPlayingCommand extends AbstractSyncRunnerCommand
{
use EntityManagerAwareTrait;
use SettingsAwareTrait;
public function __construct(
private readonly NowPlayingCache $nowPlayingCache,
LockFactory $lockFactory,
) {
parent::__construct($lockFactory);
}
protected function configure(): void
{
$this->addOption(
'timeout',
't',
InputOption::VALUE_OPTIONAL,
'Amount of time (in seconds) to run the worker process.',
600
);
}
protected function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output): int
{
$this->logToExtraFile('app_nowplaying.log');
$io = new SymfonyStyle($input, $output);
$settings = $this->readSettings();
if ($settings->getSyncDisabled()) {
$this->logger->error('Automated synchronization is temporarily disabled.');
return 1;
}
$timeout = Types::int($input->getOption('timeout'));
$this->loop($io, $timeout);
return 0;
}
private function loop(OutputInterface $output, int $timeout): void
{
$threshold = time() + $timeout;
// If max current processes isn't specified, make it 1/3 of all stations, rounded up.
$npMaxCurrentProcesses = $this->environment->getNowPlayingMaxConcurrentProcesses();
if (null === $npMaxCurrentProcesses) {
$npMaxCurrentProcesses = ceil(count($this->getStationsToRun($threshold)) / 3);
}
// Gate the Now Playing delay time between a reasonable minimum and maximum.
$npDelayTime = max(
min(
$this->environment->getNowPlayingDelayTime() ?? 10,
60
),
5
);
while (time() < $threshold || !empty($this->processes)) {
// Check existing processes.
$this->checkRunningProcesses();
// Only spawn new processes if we're before the timeout threshold and there are not too many processes.
$numProcesses = count($this->processes);
if (
$numProcesses < $npMaxCurrentProcesses
&& time() < $threshold - 5
) {
// Ensure a process is running for every active station.
$npThreshold = time() - $npDelayTime - rand(0, 5);
foreach ($this->getStationsToRun($npThreshold) as $shortName) {
if (count($this->processes) >= $npMaxCurrentProcesses) {
break;
}
if (isset($this->processes[$shortName])) {
continue;
}
$this->logger->debug('Starting NP process for station: ' . $shortName);
if ($this->start($output, $shortName)) {
usleep(100000);
}
}
}
$this->em->clear();
gc_collect_cycles();
usleep(1000000);
}
}
private function getStationsToRun(
int $threshold
): array {
$lookupRaw = $this->nowPlayingCache->getLookup();
$lookup = [];
foreach ($lookupRaw as $stationRow) {
$lookup[$stationRow['short_name']] = $stationRow['updated_at'];
}
$allStations = $this->em->createQuery(
<<<'DQL'
SELECT s.short_name
FROM App\Entity\Station s
WHERE s.is_enabled = 1 AND s.has_started = 1
DQL
)->getSingleColumnResult();
$stationsByUpdated = [];
foreach ($allStations as $shortName) {
$stationsByUpdated[$shortName] = $lookup[$shortName] ?? 0;
}
asort($stationsByUpdated, SORT_NUMERIC);
return array_keys(
array_filter(
$stationsByUpdated,
fn($timestamp) => $timestamp < $threshold
)
);
}
private function start(
OutputInterface $output,
string $shortName
): bool {
return $this->lockAndRunConsoleCommand(
$output,
$shortName,
'nowplaying',
[
'azuracast:sync:nowplaying:station',
$shortName,
]
);
}
}
``` |
Peter Kern (October 31, 1835 – October 28, 1907) was a German-born American businessman and politician active in Knoxville, Tennessee, USA, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He is best known as the founder of the confections company that eventually evolved into Kern's Bakery, a brand still marketed in the Knoxville area. The company's former confectionery and ice cream parlor, now called the Mall Building (or Oliver Hotel), still dominates the southwest corner of Market Square. Kern served as Knoxville's mayor from 1890 until 1892.
Biography
Kern was born in Zwingenberg (near Heidelberg), Grand Duchy of Baden in 1835. He was trained as a shoemaker in his native country, and immigrated to New York in the early 1850s to practice this trade. By 1857, he had moved to Georgia, where he joined the Confederate army at the outbreak of the Civil War. Fighting with the 12th Georgia Infantry, he was wounded in action in Virginia, and sent home to Georgia to recover.
In Fall 1863, Kern, now healthy, began his return trip to Virginia to rejoin his fellow soldiers on the frontlines. As he was waiting on a train connection in Knoxville, however, Union forces under Ambrose Burnside occupied the city. Kern was captured, but released on condition that he remain in the city until the end of the war. After his release, Kern and fellow German immigrant William Heidel established a bakery at the corner of State Street and Main, which sold cookies made from flour and molasses to Union soldiers.
By the late 1860s, Kern had bought out Heidel's share, and had moved the business to a two-story building on Market Square. During this period, Kern added an ice cream parlor (or "ice cream saloon") to his confectionery. The parlor utilized a three-horsepower ice cream machine designed by Market Square gunsmith Thomas Burrier. Kern, who had to ship ice in from northern states during warmer months, became a local expert on refrigeration, and served as president of the Knoxville Ice Company during the 1880s.
In 1876, Kern commissioned the construction of a new three-story structure, the Kern Building (now The Oliver Hotel), on the southwest corner of Market Square. Designed by architect Joseph F. Baumann, the building's first floor housed Kern's confections retail, the second floor housed his ice cream parlor, and the third housed a meeting hall for the local Odd Fellows. Kern held a large banquet to dedicate the building in April 1876.
Kern's confectionery was selling soft drinks by the early 1880s, and local historian Jack Neely suggests Kern may have been the first to sell Coca-Cola in Knoxville. His penchant for holding grand banquets and festivals helped Market Square develop into an important commercial area in the late 19th century. While a member of Knoxville's Second Presbyterian Church, Kern held benefits for the city's Catholic and Lutheran congregations. Kern served one term as the city's mayor, from January 1890 until January 1892. He was also a founding member of the Knox County Humane Society, now known as the Humane Society of the Tennessee Valley.
The Peter Kern Library is a speakeasy-style bar accessed through an alleyway adjacent to the hotel, which honors Kern's life and memory, and celebrates literary culture via its menu.
Kern's Bakery
Kern's descendants sold his company to the Brown family in the 1920s. In 1931, the company, moved to a new plant on Chapman Highway, where they focused more on the company's line of breads than on confections. Over the years, Kern's became one of the top-selling breads in East Tennessee. In the 1970s, the brand was popularized in a series of commercials based on the C.W. McCall Old Home Bread commercials aired in the Upper Midwest states featuring a trucker, "A.J.," and a waitress, "Mavis."
Kern's Bakery was purchased in 1989 by Sara Lee, which discontinued the brand. In 2008, Food City revived Kern's as part of a campaign to reintroduce once-successful regional brands. Until 2012, the Kern's products were manufactured by Sara Lee at the old Kern's Bakery on Chapman Highway.
See also
Cal Johnson
Peter Staub
James G. Sterchi
References
External links
Kern's Confectionery — Early-1900s photograph of the Kern Building, on file at the Calvin M. McClung Historical Collection
Mayors of Knoxville, Tennessee
Businesspeople from Tennessee
Emigrants from the Grand Duchy of Baden
Immigrants to the United States
People from Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis
Businesspeople in confectionery
1835 births
1907 deaths
19th-century American businesspeople |
Michael Peter Muscala (/muˈSKĂ luh/; born July 1, 1991) is an American professional basketball player for the Washington Wizards of the National Basketball Association (NBA).
Early life
Muscala was born on July 1, 1991, in St. Louis Park, Minnesota. He has a stepsister. Muscala grew up in Minnesota, and attended schools in Roseville, Minnesota, graduating from Roseville High School.
College career
Muscala played for the Bucknell Bison men's basketball team for four seasons. He was the 2011 Patriot League Men's Basketball Player of the Year after leading the Bison to an NCAA tournament appearance. In addition, he was named to the First Team All-Patriot League and AP All-American Honorable Mention in 2010–2011. He was a 2012–13 Academic All-America selection. He was also a 2012–13 Senior CLASS Award finalist. In 2013, Muscala also won the Patriot League Player of the Year, Defensive Player of the Year, and earned First-Team All Conference honors, becoming the first player in Patriot League history to earn Player of the Year and Tournament MVP twice. During his 2012–13 campaign, Muscala also became Bucknell's all-time leading scorer, surpassing Al Leslie's 32-year record.
Professional career
Obradoiro (2013–2014)
On June 27, 2013, Muscala was selected by the Dallas Mavericks with the 44th overall pick in the 2013 NBA draft. He was subsequently traded to the Atlanta Hawks on draft night, and later joined the Hawks for the 2013 NBA Summer League.
On August 1, 2013, Muscala signed a one-year deal with Río Natura Monbús Obradoiro of the Liga ACB. On February 25, 2014, he parted ways with Obradoiro and returned to the United States. In 20 games for the club, he averaged 14.6 points, 7.8 rebounds and 1.1 assists per game.
Atlanta Hawks (2014–2018)
On February 27, 2014, Muscala signed a multi-year deal with the Atlanta Hawks. He made his debut for the Hawks on March 2, recording four points and five rebounds in a loss to the Phoenix Suns. In the team's regular season finale on April 16, Muscala scored a season-high 15 points in a 111–103 win over the Milwaukee Bucks.
In July 2014, Muscala re-joined the Hawks for the 2014 NBA Summer League. During the 2014–15 season, he received multiple assignments to the Fort Wayne Mad Ants of the NBA Development League. On March 28, 2015, he had a season-best game with 18 points, 10 rebounds, 4 assists, 1 steal and 2 blocks in a loss to the Charlotte Hornets.
Muscala again played for the Hawks' summer league team in 2015, averaging 9.8 points and 7.3 rebounds in six games. On February 3, 2016, he scored a season-high 12 points in a 125–86 win over the Philadelphia 76ers. On March 26, 2016, he was presented with the Jason Collier Memorial Trophy for being the player who best exemplifies the characteristics Collier displayed off the court as a community ambassador.
On June 29, 2016, the Hawks exercised the option for the 2016–17 season on Muscala's contract.
On July 25, 2017, Muscala re-signed with the Hawks. On March 11, 2018, he scored a career-high 19 points in a 129–122 loss to the Chicago Bulls. On March 28, 2018, he set a new career high and led all scorers with 24 points in a 126–114 loss to the Minnesota Timberwolves.
Philadelphia 76ers (2018–2019)
On July 25, 2018, Muscala was traded to the Philadelphia 76ers in a three-team deal involving the Hawks and the Oklahoma City Thunder.
Los Angeles Lakers (2019)
On February 6, 2019, Muscala was traded, along with Wilson Chandler, Landry Shamet and a number of future draft picks, to the Los Angeles Clippers in exchange for Tobias Harris, Boban Marjanović and Mike Scott. The following day, he was traded to the Los Angeles Lakers in exchange for Michael Beasley and Ivica Zubac.
Oklahoma City Thunder (2019–2023)
On July 10, 2019, Muscala signed a 2-year deal with the Oklahoma City Thunder.
In November 2020, Muscala exercised his player option and returned for a second season with the Thunder. On January 25, 2021, Muscala made a career-high six three-pointers and scored 23 points during a 125–122 win over the Portland Trail Blazers.
On August 12, 2021, Muscala re-signed with the Thunder. On March 8, 2022, he underwent season-ending surgery on his right ankle.
On August 4, 2022, Muscala re-signed with the Thunder.
Boston Celtics (2023)
On February 9, 2023, Muscala was traded to the Boston Celtics in exchange for Justin Jackson and two future second-round draft picks. Muscala made his Celtics debut a day later, recording 12 points and two rebounds in a 127–116 win over the Charlotte Hornets.
Muscala wore No. 57 in Boston to honor his late mother, who was born in 1957.
Washington Wizards (2023–present)
On June 22, 2023, the Celtics traded Muscala to the Washington Wizards as part of a three–team deal involving the Memphis Grizzlies. The Wizards received Muscala, Danilo Gallinari, and the No.35 overall pick in the 2023 NBA draft from Boston as well as Tyus Jones from Memphis in exchange for Kristaps Porzingis who landed in Boston. Additionally, Boston received the No. 25 over pick in the 2023 NBA draft and a 2024 first round pick (via GSW) from Memphis, while the Grizzlies acquired Marcus Smart.
Career statistics
NBA
Regular season
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Atlanta
| 20 || 0 || 10.8 || .425 || .000 || 1.000 || 2.6 || .4 || .2 || .5 || 3.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Atlanta
| 40 || 8 || 12.6 || .550 || .409 || .880 || 3.0 || .6 || .4 || .5 || 4.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Atlanta
| 60 || 0 || 9.4 || .500 || .308 || .795 || 2.0 || .6 || .2 || .5 || 3.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Atlanta
| 70 || 3 || 17.7 || .504 || .418 || .766 || 3.4 || 1.4 || .4 || .6 || 6.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Atlanta
| 53 || 7 || 20.0 || .458 || .371 || .919 || 4.3 || 1.0 || .6 || .5 || 7.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;" rowspan=2|
| style="text-align:left;"| Philadelphia
| 47 || 6 || 22.1 || .392 || .342 || .818 || 4.3 || 1.3 || .4 || .6 || 7.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| L.A. Lakers
| 17 || 4 || 15.6 || .434 || .368 || .875 || 2.6 || .8 || .2 || .6 || 5.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Oklahoma City
| 47 || 2 || 12.2 || .407 || .378 || .818 || 2.3 || .9 || .2 || .3 || 4.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Oklahoma City
| 35 || 0 || 18.4 || .446 || .370 || .917 || 3.8 || .8 || .2 || .3 || 9.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Oklahoma City
| 43 || 0 || 13.8 || .456 || .429 || .842 || 3.0 || .5 || .4 || .6 || 8.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;" rowspan=2|
| style="text-align:left;"| Oklahoma City
| 43 || 5 || 14.5 || .438 || .394 || .795 || 3.1 || .9 || .3 || .4 || 6.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| Boston
| 20 || 4 || 16.2 || .472 || .385 || .692 || 3.4 || .6 || .2 || .3 || 5.9
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
| 495 || 39 || 15.4 || .457 || .379 || .838 || 3.2 || .9 || .3 || .5 || 6.2
Playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2014
| style="text-align:left;"| Atlanta
| 2 || 0 || 2.5 || .000 || .000 || .000 || .0 || .0 || .0 || .0 || .0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2015
| style="text-align:left;"| Atlanta
| 10 || 0 || 10.2 || .606 || .250 || .000 || 1.8 || .1 || .1 || .3 || 4.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2016
| style="text-align:left;"| Atlanta
| 9 || 0 || 7.4 || .500 || .333 || 1.000 || 1.9 || .3 || .0 || .1 || 2.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2017
| style="text-align:left;"| Atlanta
| 6 || 0 || 13.5 || .278 || .000 || .875 || 2.7 || .3 || .2 || .5 || 2.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2020
| style="text-align:left;"| Oklahoma City
| 2 || 0 || 10.0 || .500 || 1.000 || .000 || 2.0 || .5 || .0 || .0 || 1.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2023
| style="text-align:left;"| Boston
| 6 || 0 || 3.5 || .500 || .500 || .750 || .7 || .2 || .0 || .0 || 1.5
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
| 35 || 0 || 8.4 || .481 || .304 || .857 || 1.7 || .2 || .1 || .2 || 2.7
College
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2009–10
| style="text-align:left;"| Bucknell
| 30 || 16 || 24.8 || .462 || .300 || .806 || 4.9 || .7 || .3 || 2.1 || 9.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2010–11
| style="text-align:left;"| Bucknell
| 34 || 34 || 27.8 || .517 || .364 || .816 || 5.5 || 1.3 || .4 || 1.9 || 14.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2011–12
| style="text-align:left;"| Bucknell
| 35 || 35 || 29.9 || .504 || .350 || .853 || 9.0 || 1.8 || .4 || 1.6 || 17.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2012–13
| style="text-align:left;"| Bucknell
| 34 || 34 || 31.7 || .509 || .250 || .789 || 11.1 || 2.2 || .5 || 2.3 || 18.7
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
| 133 || 119 || 28.7 || .501 || .313 || .819 || 8.2 || 1.5 || .4 || 2.0 || 15.3
See also
List of NCAA Division I men's basketball players with 2000 points and 1000 rebounds
References
External links
1991 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Spain
American men's basketball players
Atlanta Hawks players
Basketball players from Minnesota
Boston Celtics players
Bucknell Bison men's basketball players
Centers (basketball)
Dallas Mavericks draft picks
Erie BayHawks (2017–2019) players
Fort Wayne Mad Ants players
Liga ACB players
Los Angeles Lakers players
Obradoiro CAB players
Oklahoma City Thunder players
People from Roseville, Minnesota
People from St. Louis Park, Minnesota
Philadelphia 76ers players
Power forwards (basketball)
Roseville Area High School alumni
Sportspeople from Hennepin County, Minnesota
Sportspeople from Ramsey County, Minnesota
Washington Wizards players |
Aharon Becker (, 21 December 1905 – 24 December 1995) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset between 1955 and 1974.
Biography
Born in Kobryn in the Russian Empire (today in Belarus), Becker was educated at a heder and gymnasium. He joined Tze'irei Zion, and was a member until the organisation was disbanded by the Bolsheviks in 1920. After Kobryn became part of Poland, he studied bookkeeping at a local trade school.
In 1925 he immigrated to Mandatory Palestine, and initially worked as an agricultural labourer in Petah Tikva, before moving into construction. In 1926 he was amongst the founders of the Hebrew Socialist Youth, and also became a member of Ahdut HaAvoda. Between 1928 and 1932 he was secretary of the Ramat Gan Workers Committee, before serving as a member of the Tel Aviv Workers Council from 1932 until 1943. He became a member of the Histadrut's central committee, and headed its labour union department from 1949 until 1960. From 1961 until 1969 he served as the Histadrut's secretary.
In 1948 he travelled to the United States to purchase arms for the IDF. Between 1948 and 1949 he was director in the Ministry of Defense, before becoming Managing Director of the Supply Authority, which supplied civilian equipment to soldiers.
In 1955 he was elected to the Knesset on the Mapai list, but resigned his seat on 1 October the following year. He returned to the Knesset following the 1959 elections, but resigned again on 23 May 1960. He returned to the Knesset for a third time after the 1961 elections and was re-elected in 1965. In 1966 he requested to stand down as Histadrut leader for personal reasons, but was re-elected after Prime Minister Levi Eshkol asked Mapai members to require Becker to remain in post. However, in June 1969 he announced that he would not stand in the Histadrut elections in September that year, and was succeeded by Yitzhak Ben-Aharon. He was re-elected to the Knesset again in October 1969, but lost his seat in the 1973 elections after being placed low down the party's list. After leaving the Knesset he became chairman of the Kupat Holim health fund's central committee in 1974.
He died in 1995 at the age of 90.
References
External links
1905 births
1995 deaths
People from Kobryn
People from Kobrinsky Uyezd
Belarusian Jews
Polish emigrants to Mandatory Palestine
Jews from Mandatory Palestine
Israeli people of Belarusian-Jewish descent
Mapai politicians
Alignment (Israel) politicians
Israeli Labor Party politicians
General Secretaries of Histadrut
Israeli civil servants
Members of the 3rd Knesset (1955–1959)
Members of the 4th Knesset (1959–1961)
Members of the 5th Knesset (1961–1965)
Members of the 6th Knesset (1965–1969)
Members of the 7th Knesset (1969–1974)
Burials at Kiryat Shaul Cemetery |
The Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (), commonly abbreviated ILS RAS, is a research institution in Saint Petersburg, Russia and one of the major centers in the field of linguistic research in the country.
It is composed of eight departments and two laboratories that conduct research in the subfields of comparative and historical linguistics, lexicography, functional theories of grammar, linguistic typology and linguistic anthropology.
Publications and conferences
Two open access academic journals are published at the institute: the triannual Acta Linguistica Petropolitana and the yearly Indo-European Linguistics and Classical Philology.
Several yearly conferences are held at the institute, including the Conference on Typology and Grammar for Young Scholars.
See also
Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences
References
External links
Official website
Acta Linguistica Petropolitana
Linguistic research institutes
Research institutes in Russia
Research institutes in the Soviet Union
Institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences |
Musheramore (, 'big Mushera') is a mountain with a height of in County Cork, Ireland. It is the highest of the Boggeragh Mountains. The neighbouring hill is Musherabeg (Muisire Beag, 'little Mushera'), with a height of . Historically the mountain was called Knock Muskery, from Cnoc Múscraighe meaning "hill of the Múscraige", a Gaelic tribe who gave their name to the barony of Muskerry. There are two holy wells on the mountain: one near the summit for sick animals, and one on its northern slopes for humans (St John's Well), where mass was traditionally held on midsummer.
See also
List of mountains in Ireland
References
Hewitts of Ireland
Marilyns of Ireland
Mountains and hills of County Cork
Mountains under 1000 metres |
Drutsk (, ; , , also known as Дрютескъ (Dryutesk) or Дрюческъ (Druchesk) in the Middle Ages), is a historical town in Belarus, 40 kilometres (ca. 25 miles) west of Mogilev.
The town was established in 1078 as an outpost of the Principality of Polotsk on the road from Polotsk to Kiev and Chernigov. According to the Drutsk Gospel, the town was built around one of the oldest Christian churches in White Ruthenia erected in 1001.
In the 12th century and 13th century it was a centre of the early medieval Principality of Drutsk, ruled by the dukes of the Polotsk branch of the Rurikid dynasty. Since the 13th century there is only limited information about the town available in the chronicles.
In 1524 Drutsk has been burned down by Russians in a war and started to lose its political importance. Exact time and reasons of the town's decline are unknown. Historians estimate the period of decline to between the 15th and 17th centuries.
Archaeological researches state that Drutsk has been an important military fortress for some period of time. Until the mid 17th century it had a castle. Both the castle and the town have been destroyed and rebuilt for several times.
According to the German ambassador of the 17th century Johann Georg Korb, in the 16th century Drutsk was a large city that had about two hundred churches but that was then entirely destroyed in a war. Therefore Korb compared the city with Troy.
The town is also the name-sake of the Drucki-Lubecki and Druckoy-Sokolinski noble families and the name-sake for their coat of arms, the Druck Coat of Arms. The most famous member of those families is Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki.
Sources
Анатоль Мяснікоў. Горад на вольнай Друці... // Звязда, 27.6.2001.
Аляксееў Л. В. Друцк // Беларуская Савецкая Энцыклапедыя. У 12 т. Т.4. Графік — Зуйка / Беларуская Савецкая Энцыклапедыя; Рэдкал.: П. У. Броўка (гал. рэд.) і інш. — Мн.: Бел.Сав.Эн., 1971. — 608 с.: іл., карты. No ISBN.
Друцк старажытны: Да 1000-годдзя ўзнікнення горада / Рэд.кал.: Г.П.Пашкоў (гал.рэдактар) і інш.; Маст. У.М.Жук. –Мн.: БелЭН, 2000. —128 с.: іл.
Populated places in Vitebsk Region
Talachyn District
Villages in Belarus
1078 establishments in Europe
Polochans
Vitebsk Voivodeship |
Jakub Węgrzynkiewicz (July 21, 1928 in Szczyrk – June 20, 2006 in Szczyrk) was a Polish ski jumper who competed from 1952 to 1957. He finished 33rd in the individual large hill event at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo, which was his best career finish.
References
1928 births
2006 deaths
Polish male ski jumpers
Olympic ski jumpers for Poland
Ski jumpers at the 1952 Winter Olympics
People from Bielsko County
Skiers from Silesian Voivodeship
20th-century Polish sportsmen |
Peaking whilst in the Middle Ages, the religion of Islam has a tenuous relationship with the idea of voluntary poverty. While Sufism has encouraged the renunciation of material wealth, Sunni and Shi'ite scholars have traditionally held that self-denial is inconsistent with the Quran's admonition against those who would forbid the good that God has put in this world for his people to enjoy.
Some scholars have suggested that Islam began with the message of "sharing with the poor and...the necessity of sacrificing worldly possessions", but following the Hijra flight from Mecca, morphed into a political character extolling conquest.
As scholars began to venerate those who abandoned material wealth in order to pursue full-time worship of God, the idealization of poverty grew to such a point that it began to colour Islamic ideas about the nature of poverty.
Early Muslims
Muhammad's wife Aisha was noted to have adopted voluntary poverty. Some traditions relate her actions to a hadith which claims Muhammad told her "A'isha if you want to be joined with me, take of this world as little as a rider's provisions, beware of associating with the rich, and do not deem a garment worn out until you have patched it".<ref name="sad">Ibn Sa'd, Nisa''', p. 53 & 78 & 81</ref> Likewise, his wife Zaynab bint Jahsh was said to have viewed wealth as fitna, a temptation, and gave away all her possessions and took Umar's 12,000 Dirham annual money given to her, and distributed it among the poor.
The first two successors to Muhammad, Abu Bakr and Umar, were noted for their voluntary poverty. Abu Bakr was a rich merchant but after he became the companion of Muhammed he became poor because of the Quraish tribe's opposition. At the time of Abu Bakr's daughter marriage, Ayisha had only threadbare clothing which she mended herself. Umar was noted for wearing a frequently patched cloak, rather than a new one. When 'Umar arranged for 1,000 dinars to be sent, he is said to have wept because he had heard Muhammad say that the poor would enter Jannah 500 years before the rest of the Muslims.
There is a story that claims that a Muslim saw in a dream Malik Bin Deenar and Muhammad Ibn Wasi' being led into Jannah, and noticed that Malik was more honored and allowed to enter first. When he inquired, noting that he believed Ibn Wasi' was the nobler, he was told that it was true, "but Mohammed ibn Wasi possessed two shirts, and Malik only one. That is the reason why Malik is preferred".
Sufi scholars
Sufis referred to the voluntary abstinence of food as "the white death", the refusal to new clothes as "the green death" and the purposeful burdening of oneself with trouble as "the black death".Hughes, Thomas Patrick. "A Dictionary of Islam", p. 347
The saint Rabia al-Adawiyya was said to have spent her life preaching voluntary poverty and complete reliance upon Allah for all needs. Dawud al-Tai, a scholar of Sharia and Hadith who died in 777, was said to own nothing except a mat of bullrushes, a leather water vessel used for wudu and drinking, and a brick which he tucked beneath his head to sleep.
One apocryphal story claims that a novice and a Sheikh were walking in the woods, and the novice was carrying money. When they came to a dark valley with two roads, the novice asked the Sheikh which path should be taken, and was told "Throw away the [money], then you'll be free to take any road you wish". The story teaching that those who own material wealth are ruled by the fear of losing it.
The Sufi Ali Hujwiri wrote a prayer asking God to "first bestow on me goods that I may give thanks for them, and then help me to abstain from them for Your sake...that my poverty may be voluntary, not compulsory".
al-Ghazzali's book "Revival of the Religious Sciences" (Ihya 'ulum al-din) contained a section entitled "The virtue of poverty", (Fadilat al-faqr'') which contains a number of stories, such as Ibrahim Bin Adham sending away a sizable monetary donation, noting "I don't want to strike my name from the list of the poor for 60,000 dirhams".
Some Sufi ascetics rely solely on charity for their sustenance, and the Chishti sect forbids them to keep any gift for longer than a day without distributing it to the needy.
References
External links
Relative Poverty; A Shia Perspective
Poverty and religion
Poverty |
Parliamentary elections were held in the Mongolian People's Republic in 1924 to elect the first Great Khural.
Background
Following the Mongolian Revolution of 1921, the Mongolian People's Party took control of the new Mongolian People's Republic. A 20-member commission drafted a new constitution, which was modelled on the 1918 constitution of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic; the commission was chaired by Prime Minister Balingiin Tserendorj and supervised by Turar Ryskulov from Comintern. A 90-member Great Khural was to be elected to approve the new constitution.
Results
Despite representatives of the Mongolian People's Party and the Youth League instructing people to vote for commoners, several princes were elected, including Dugarjav of Ikh Dulaan uul and Tseren-ochir of Tüsheet Khan. The princes were subsequently disqualified and re-runs held, although six princes subsequently became members. Nine of the elected members were lamas and seven were illiterate. All 90 elected candidates were men.
Aftermath
The newly elected Great Khural convened on 8 November, although only 77 of the 90 members attended. Of those in attendance, 64 were members of the Mongolian People's Party or the Youth League. Navaandorjiin Jadamba was elected Chairman. The constitution was approved in a unanimous vote on 26 November.
References
Mongolia
Parliamentary elections in Mongolia
Parliamentary |
Parliamentary elections were held in the Federated States of Micronesia on 7 March 2023 to elect the fourteen members of the Congress: ten representatives of the districts, and four senators each representing one of the four states.
Context
The elections of 2019 saw the re-election of the thirteen outgoing senators vying for a new term, including three elected unopposed in their constituencies. The then incumbent President, Peter Christian, however, was defeated as Pohnpei State Senator, leading to the indirect election of David Panuelo as president. The 2021 legislative election led to the reappointment of the ten outgoing deputies.
President Panuelo ran for re-election in 2023, but announced that this election would be his last. The Pacific Islands Forum sent an election observer team led by a senior officer from the Republic of Marshall Islands Electoral Administration.
Electoral system and politics
The Federated States of Micronesia is a federal presidential republic. The president is both head of state and government. There are no political parties in the Federated States of Micronesia, so all candidates and elected members are independent.
The Congress has fourteen members. Four of them represent one of the four federated states, and are elected for a four-year term by universal suffrage and by the citizens of their respective states. The remaining ten are elected by citizens by single majority voting for two-year terms, from ten constituencies divided by population: five in the state of Chuuk, one in the state of Kosrae, three in the state of Pohnpei, and one in the state of Yap. After the legislative election, the President and Vice President are indirectly elected by Congress from among the Senators, for a maximum of two consecutive four-year terms. Their positions as Senators are filled by a new election.
Preliminary results
Presidential election
On 11 May, the Congress elected Wesley Simina as the new President. Aren Palik was re-elected to the position of the Vice President. Additionally, Esmond Moses was elected Speaker of the Congress.
References
Elections in the Federated States of Micronesia
Micronesia
Parliamentary election
Election and referendum articles with incomplete results
Non-partisan elections |
Samuel Byron Dicker (born April 4, 1889 in New York City; died February 9, 1960) was an American lawyer and statistician and the 58th Mayor of Rochester from 1939 to 1955.
He was also a director of the Rochester and Genesee Valley Railroad.
References
1889 births
Mayors of Rochester, New York
Cornell University alumni
1960 deaths
New York (state) Republicans
American Jews
20th-century American politicians |
The Douglass House is a hotel located at the corner of Shelden Avenue and Isle Royale Street in Houghton, Michigan. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
History
The original Douglass House was a three-story frame structure built in 1860 on the corner of Isle Royale and Montezuma Streets, with a garden stretching to Shelden. The hotel had 50 rooms for out-of-town visitors, and the dance hall and dining room served as the social center of Houghton. In 1899, a group of Houghton-area investors, headed by John C. Mann, incorporated the Douglass House Company and purchased the hotel. By that time, the original frame structure was showing its age, so the Company settled on the idea of constructing an addition that would be appropriate for Houghton's new-found prominence.
The group hired Henry L. Ottenheimer of Chicago to design the structure and Paul K. F. Mueller of Chicago to construct it. The new addition cost $125,000 to build and another $30,000 to $40,000 to furnish, and doubled the capacity of the hotel from 50 to 100 rooms. In 1901, the original frame hotel located on the site burned down. In 1902, an addition to the present hotel was constructed on the site by Herman Gundlack of Chicago.
In 1984, the Douglass House was converted to apartments. The first-floor bar remains intact.
Description
The Douglass House is a four-story Italian Renaissance hotel constructed of buff-colored brick. The hotel is built on a sloping lot, so that the structure height measured from street level increases from two stories in the rear to four stories in the front. The front facade features towers at the corners, which are not included in Ottenheimer's original architectural plans. A loggia with gold cupolas stretches across the front. The facade is trimmed with white-glazed terra cotta from the Northwestern Terra Cotta Company.
The original hotel had an entrance on Isle Royale Street, leading to a lobby level one floor above the Shelden Avenue street level. The Shelden Avenue side had stores along the first floor; the remainder of the first floor had a bar and card rooms. The lobby level had a main desk, two lobbies, as well as a telegraph office and a sitting room. The upper two floors contained guest rooms.
References
External links
Buildings and structures in Houghton, Michigan
Hotel buildings completed in 1899
1899 establishments in Michigan
Hotel buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan
National Register of Historic Places in Houghton County, Michigan |
Paul van der Sterren (born 17 March 1956) is a Dutch chess grandmaster. He won the Dutch Chess Championship twice, in 1985 and 1993. In 1993 he qualified for the Candidates Tournament for the FIDE World Chess Championship 1996, but was eliminated in the first round (+1 −3 =3) by Gata Kamsky.
Van der Sterren represented the Netherlands in 11 consecutive Chess Olympiads from 1982 through 2000.
He is the author of the two-volume opening encyclopedia Fundamental Chess Openings, which was published in 2009 and 2011. He is also the author of the book Your First Chess Lessons published in 2016.
External links
References
1956 births
Living people
Chess grandmasters
Chess Olympiad competitors
Dutch chess players
Dutch chess writers
Sportspeople from Venlo
20th-century Dutch people |
The Oval Office Tapes is a scripted podcast that imagines what the conversations in the White House might sound like. The show was created by documentary filmmaker R.J. Cutler. The executive producers are R.J. Cutler, Scott Conroy, and Jason Blum. The producer is Trevor Smith. The writers are R.J. Cutler, Scott Conroy, Lesley Hollingsworth, and Mike Schneider. The podcast is a production of Blumhouse Productions, Cadence13, and Cutler Productions. The show premiered in 2018, and made its live-taping debut at Politicon 2018.
R.J. Cutler describes coming up with the idea for the podcast: "I'm not alone, I think, these days in being fairly obsessed with what's going on in Washington D.C., what's happening at 1600 Pennsylvania Ave., and it occurred to me that if we could hear what was going on within the rooms there, the private rooms, it'd be very interesting, and that's what The Oval Office Tapes is."
Format
In an interview with Hollywood Reporter, R.J. Cutler described the production of the podcast, "We write every Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, we record on Thursday, and we drop on Friday." Each episode contains segments telling the story behind the week's news. Instead of reading copy directly from the advertisers, The Oval Office Tapes employs the Ghost of Abraham Lincoln, Totally Real Paid Protestors, and the Backbone of the Republican Party to read the advertisements.
Critical response
The show premiered to positive critical response, with praise from celebrities such as Alec Baldwin and James Carville. The Hollywood Reporter called it, "comedic gold." In April 2019, it gained a nomination for the Webby Awards for Best Comedy Podcast.
Episodes
Cast
Mary Birdsong
Nicole Collins
Ian James Corlett
Chris Cox
Quinton Flynn
Melvin Jackson Jr.
David Kaye
Bruce Locke
Brendan McKay
Scott McCord
Danielle Morrow
Jeff Rector
Jonathan Von Mering
Phillip Wilburn
References
External links
2018 podcast debuts
Political podcasts
American political satire |
Founded in 1888, Parkdale Collegiate Institute is a public high school located on Jameson Avenue in Parkdale, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the heart of what is considered 'Little Tibet', which is the home of the largest concentration of Tibetans in the city.
History
Parkdale High School opened in the Masonic Hall on Dowling Avenue in 1888. When the town of Parkdale was annexed to the City of Toronto a year later in 1889, Parkdale High School moved to its new residence on Jameson Avenue where it became the Jameson Avenue Collegiate Institute, and later the Jameson Collegiate Institute. In 1910, the school was renamed to its present name of Parkdale Collegiate Institute. The original building served until 1928 and then demolished while the school moved to the present Collegiate Gothic structure which was completed in 1929. The school has had two additions, the most recent in the 1960s. Parkdale Collegiate Institute is one of the oldest secondary schools in the City of Toronto.
Parkdale Collegiate Institute is a certified International Baccalaureate World School which began in April 2007. It currently offers the IB Preparation Programs for Grade 9 and 10 and the IB Diploma Programme for Grade 11 and 12. The current head of the department for the IB program at Parkdale Collegiate Institute is Miroslaw Bartnik.
One of the first teachers was Nellie Spence, one of the first female secondary school teachers in Toronto, who taught English and History at Parkdale from 1888 until she retired in 1929. The Nellie Spence Archive Room in the school containing memorabilia and local history is named after her.
Parkdale has a rich history of athletics. This years Senior Girls Volleyball team were the Toronto AA representatives at OFSAA.
The Senior Boys Volleyball team were the Toronto AA representatives at OFSAA for the 2014–2015 season which was held in Northern Ontario.
In the 1976 Summer Olympic Games in Montreal, three Parkdalians participated as members of the Canadian Olympic team, Marvin Nash in the 100 metres, Bishop Dolegiewicz in discus and George Tintor in rowing.
On October 29, 2021, a teacher at Parkdale Collegiate generated controversy after wearing blackface makeup for Halloween while teaching.
Notable alumni
Stella Asling-Riis - novelist and clubwoman
Paul Augustus Bridle - Canadian diplomat
Bonnie Dobson - folk singer, 1960s and 70s
Fred Gardiner - lawyer and politician; first chairman of Metropolitan Toronto
Grace Irwin - novelist and teacher
William Krehm - political revolutionary in the 1930s, Time magazine correspondent for Latin America in the 1940s, and Toronto property developer from the 1950s until the 1990s.
Faisal Kutty - lawyer and law professor
Mandy Lam - actress
Anne Mroczkowski - TV reporter and news anchor
Goody Rosen - Major League Baseball All-Star outfielder
Charles Templeton - cartoonist, evangelist, agnostic, politician, newspaper editor, inventor, broadcaster and author
See also
List of high schools in Ontario
References
External links
TDSB Parkdale CI page
School web site
Alumni web site
Facebook
High schools in Toronto
Schools in the TDSB
Educational institutions established in 1888
1888 establishments in Ontario |
Grey Knotts is a fell in the English Lake District. It is situated south of the B5289 road as it crosses the Honister Pass. It is well seen from mid-Borrowdale as it rises above Seatoller. Grey Knotts reaches a height of and is part of a ridge which ascends from the woodland behind Seatoller and continues south-west and then south for four kilometres to Great Gable. The fell's name really only applies to the summit rocks, but has been adopted for the entire fell with the high ground in this area, locally known as Seatoller Fell on Ordnance Survey maps.
Topography
Grey Knotts is a "Wainwright" fell and also qualifies as a Nuttall, but this must be considered a borderline case, as it barely has the required 15 metres of prominence to the adjoining higher fell of Brandreth.
All the highlights of Grey Knotts are situated on the eastern (Borrowdale) side of the fell, Raven Crag, known as Gillercombe Buttress to rock climbers. It is a popular area for bouldering, using the large number of large boulders that have become detached from the main crag. There are also several conventional climbing routes up the main crag. Gillercomb (spelled like this on map) is a fine example of a hanging valley from which issues the stream of Sour Milk Gill, which descends into Borrowdale in a series of picturesque cascades.
Geology
The principal rock types are the plagioclase-phyric andesite lavas of the Birker Fell Formation.
Graphite mine
Also on the Borrowdale side of the fell at the upper end of Newhouse Gill at grid reference is the site of the former Borrowdale graphite (then called Plumbago) mines. The mine was started in the 16th century by German immigrants; the graphite found was in a very pure form and in those early days was used only for marking sheep. Later, however, graphite was found to be suitable for lining the casting moulds for cannon and musket balls, which caused its value to soar in the 17th century, as England, France and the Dutch Republic built up their armies. The graphite was also used in pencil-making, which in 1790 led to the founding of the Cumberland pencil industry based in Keswick. The mine closed in 1891 after new techniques meant that graphite no longer needed to be so pure, so the Borrowdale mine became uneconomical.
Ascents
Grey Knotts can be ascended from Seathwaite or Seatoller in Borrowdale or from the top of the Honister Pass. The route from Seathwaite goes up Newhouse Gill thus allowing the walker to inspect the old graphite mines while the path from Seatoller has to use the B5289 road for a kilometre before going onto the fell and following a wall for some distance then climbing the northern end of Raven Crag to reach the summit. Grey Knotts is often climbed from the top of the Honister Pass which gives the advantage of starting at a height of 356 metres (1167 feet). Walkers often use Grey Knotts as a stepping stone for the ascent of Great Gable from Honister Pass also passing over the adjoining fells of Brandreth and Green Gable on the way.
Summit
The top of the fell is dotted with grey tors of rock and two of these give the fell twin tops of equal height, the eastern top has an Ordnance Survey trig point. There are also several small tarns on the summit as well as some fence posts which can be an aid to navigation. The view from the summit is very good with the Buttermere valley well seen to the north west and the Scafell massif standing out to the south.
References
Fells of the Lake District
Nuttalls
Buttermere, Cumbria (village) |
```java
/*
*/
package io.strimzi.api.kafka.model.common;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonPropertyOrder;
import io.strimzi.crdgenerator.annotations.Description;
import io.sundr.builder.annotations.Buildable;
import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;
import lombok.ToString;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Buildable(
editableEnabled = false,
builderPackage = Constants.FABRIC8_KUBERNETES_API
)
@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
@JsonPropertyOrder({ "type", "status", "lastTransitionTime", "reason", "message" })
@EqualsAndHashCode
@ToString
public class Condition implements UnknownPropertyPreserving {
private String status;
private String reason;
private String message;
private String type;
private String lastTransitionTime;
private Map<String, Object> additionalProperties;
@Description("The status of the condition, either True, False or Unknown.")
public String getStatus() {
return status;
}
public void setStatus(String status) {
this.status = status;
}
@Description("The reason for the condition's last transition (a single word in CamelCase).")
public String getReason() {
return reason;
}
public void setReason(String reason) {
this.reason = reason;
}
@Description("The unique identifier of a condition, used to distinguish between other conditions in the resource.")
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
@Description("Last time the condition of a type changed from one status to another. " +
"The required format is 'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ', in the UTC time zone")
public String getLastTransitionTime() {
return lastTransitionTime;
}
public void setLastTransitionTime(String lastTransitionTime) {
this.lastTransitionTime = lastTransitionTime;
}
@Description("Human-readable message indicating details about the condition's last transition.")
@JsonInclude(value = JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
@Override
public Map<String, Object> getAdditionalProperties() {
return this.additionalProperties != null ? this.additionalProperties : Map.of();
}
@Override
public void setAdditionalProperty(String name, Object value) {
if (this.additionalProperties == null) {
this.additionalProperties = new HashMap<>(2);
}
this.additionalProperties.put(name, value);
}
}
``` |
The Norwegian fleet of plug-in electric vehicles is the largest per capita in the world. In December 2016, Norway became the first country where five in every 100 passenger cars on the road were plug-in; attained 10% in October 2018, and reached 25% in September 2022.
The Norwegian plug-in car segment market share has been world's highest for several years, achieving 29.1% of new cars sold in 2016, 39.2% in 2017, 49.1% in 2018 55.9% in 2019, and 74.7% in 2020. The record uptake rate achieved in 2020 allowed Norway to become the first country in the world where annual sales of all-electric cars outsold the combined volume of all passenger cars with internal combustion engines. In August 2023, the share of combined EV was 90%: 83.5% full electrics (BEVs), and 6.5% plugin hybrids (PHEVs).
According to a 2018 analysis by McKinsey & Company, Norway has already reached a critical mass of electric vehicles. Therefore, the country is the only one in the world in the third stage of a disruptive trend, and the EV disruption is inevitable.
, the stock of light-duty plug-in electric vehicles in Norway totalled 647,000 units in use, consisting of 470,309 all-electric passenger cars and vans (including used imports), and 176,691 plug-in hybrids. Norway listed as the top selling plug-in country market in Europe for three consecutive years, from 2016 to 2018. The Nissan Leaf is the country's all-time best selling plug-in electric car, with over 65,500 units registered through 2020.
The fleet of electric cars is one of the cleanest in the world since about 98% of the electricity generated in the country comes from renewable energy sources, mainly hydropower. In 2017, and as a result of its fast growing EV adoption, Norway was able to achieve its climate target for average fleet emissions (85 g/km) for new passenger cars three years earlier than pledged.
The adoption and deployment of zero emission vehicles in Norway has been driven by policy, and actively supported by the government since the 1990s. In addition to non-monetary incentives, all-electric cars and vans are exempt from all non-recurring vehicle fees, including purchase taxes, and 25% VAT on purchase, making electric car purchase price competitive with conventional cars. Also, a tax reduction for plug-in hybrids went into effect starting in July 2013.
In 2015 the Parliament agreed to reduce and phase out some of the incentives beginning in 2018. Also local authorities were granted the right to decide whether electric cars can park for free and use public transport lanes. In 2016, through its National Transport Plan 2018–2029 (NTP), a goal was set for all sales of new cars, urban buses and light commercial vehicles by 2025 to be zero emission vehicles.
Several unintended consequences have resulted from the successful policies implemented to promote EV adoption, and raised several complaints and criticism. These include: high public subsidies as compared to the value of the reduced carbon footprint of electric vehicles; the possibility of traffic congestion in some of Oslo's bus lanes due to the increasing number of electric cars; the loss of revenue for some ferry operators due to the large number of electric cars exempted from payment; and the shortage of parking spaces for owners of conventional cars due to preference to electric cars.
Government goals and incentives
Existing incentives
The adoption and deployment of electric vehicles in Norway, particularly zero emission vehicles, has been driven by policy, and since 1990, actively supported by the Norwegian government. The Parliament of Norway set the goal to reach 50,000 zero emission vehicles by 2018. Among the existing incentives, all-electric cars and utility vans are exempt in Norway from all non-recurring vehicle fees, including purchase taxes, which are extremely high for ordinary cars, and 25% VAT on purchase, together making electric car purchase price competitive with conventional cars. As an example, by early 2013 the price of the top selling Nissan Leaf is 240,690 kroner (around ) while the purchase price of the 1.3-lt Volkswagen Golf is 238,000 kroner (about ). Electric vehicles are also exempt from the annual road tax, all public parking fees, and toll payments, as well as being able to use bus lanes. These incentives are in effect until the end of 2017 or until the 50,000 EV target is achieved.
Sales of plug-in hybrids have had a much smaller market penetration than pure electric car sales. Plug-in hybrids are not eligible for the same tax exemptions and other government incentives enacted for electric cars. Because the Norwegian tax system levies higher taxes to heavier vehicles, plug-in hybrids are more expensive than equivalent petrol and diesel-driven cars due to the extra weight of the battery pack and its additional electric components. Beginning on 1 July 2013, the existing weight deduction for conventional hybrids and plug-in hybrids of 10% was increased to 15% for PHEVs. The weight deduction was increased to 26% effective since January 2015. This fiscal incentive combined with a broader range of models available in the market resulted in record sales of plug-in hybrids in 2015, with almost 8,000 new units registered, up from about 1,700 in 2014. The plug-in hybrid market share rose to 5.2%, up from just over 1% in 2014, and from 4.2% in September 2015 to 13.9% in September 2016.
The government set identifying letters ("EL", "EK", "EV" and "EB") for use on licence plates of electric vehicles to facilitate the enforcement of EV incentives and perks such a free parking, free passage through toll booths etc. Correspondingly, hydrogen vehicles have "HY" as identifying letters. There is no equivalent for plug-in hybrids.
As the number of registered electric cars and vans reached 60,000 units by July 2015, and because the "EL" prefix was set to end at "EL 99999" (most vehicles in the country have five-digit registration numbers between 10000 and 99999), the Norwegian Public Roads agency opted for the prefix "EK" for the second series of plates, to signify "elektrisk kjøretøy", Norwegian for electric vehicle. The "EV" prefix was set aside for future electric cars.
In July 2016, the first electric vehicles registered with the new "EK" series were on the road. About 90,000 pure electric vehicles have been registered by the end of August 2016, depleting the "EL" prefix plates. Just over two years later, in July 2018, the "EK" series was depleted, and the prefix "EV" plates were deployed. The first vehicles with the "EB" prefix series were registered in September 2019. The prefix "EB" stands for "elektrisk bil", Norwegian for electric car. The next special series will be "EC" with no particular meaning.
In September 2013, the Norwegian Parliament approved, as part of the revised 2014 budget, an exemption from the 25% VAT for leasing electric vehicles effective on 1 January 2014. However, , the exemption had not gone into effect because the Minister of Finance decided to deferred the measure, pending a formal consultation with the EFTA Surveillance Authority (ESA) to ensure that the VAT exemption for leasing was not in violation of the European Economic Area (EEA) Agreement. The government's loss of revenue due to the still not implemented leasing exemption is estimated at 47 million kroner (around ) per year. One Member of Parliament has criticised the government for the delay. He argued that the initial VAT exemption for all electric vehicles was never approved in ESA. In addition, an ESA spokesman confirmed that the Government has not sent any request , nor has the agency received any complaints about Norway's original EV tax exemption. The MP said he would demand that the decision be implemented when Parliament meets in October 2014. The consultation was presented to ESA in November 2014, and the authority ruled in April 2015 that the implementation of the VAT exemption on leasing of electric vehicles and electric vehicle batteries is in line the EEA Agreement, since the goal is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The approval from ESA initially applies until the end of 2017, but the government can apply for an extension if the zero rate for VAT is kept. The exemption for leasing of electric vehicles went into effect in July 2015.
The target of 50,000 electric cars on Norwegian roads was reached on 20 April 2015, more than two years earlier than expected. The milestone was commemorated by the Norwegian Electric Vehicle Association in Drammen where the 50,000th electric car registered, a Tesla Model S, was granted the licence plate "EL 60000." The special electric vehicle series began with "EL 10000." By reaching a stock of 50,000 electric cars, the market penetration of pure electric vehicles reached 2% of all passenger cars registered in Norway. The milestone of 100,000 light-duty battery electric vehicles was achieved in December 2016, representing about 10% of all pure electric cars that have been sold worldwide. According to the Norwegian Electric Vehicle Association, if the country wants to reach the ambitious climate goals set by the Parliament, the next goal is to have 400,000 battery electric vehicles by 2020. However, by early June 2020, the 300,000th light-duty battery electric vehicle was registered.
Phase out of incentives
As one of the criteria to end the incentives was achieved, , no decision was made by the authorities about the reintroduction of the 25% VAT on purchase of electric vehicles. Among the options considered by the government were to introduce the tax in a step-wise fashion. However, Prime Minister Erna Solberg announced the government decided not to make any changes about the electric car benefits in the 2015 budget.
In early March 2015, negotiations began among parties represented in the Parliament to define the future of all motor vehicles and fuel taxes. The Liberal Party wanted all the benefits to continue beyond the established quota. The Ministry of Finance also made a comprehensive review of all motor vehicle taxes. The two purchase tax exemptions cost the government about 3 billion kroner (around ) in lost revenue just in 2014, and up to 4 billion kroner (around ) if all the other benefits are accounted for. In May 2015, the Government decided to keep the existing incentives through 2017, and the political parties in Parliament agreed to reduced and phase out some of the incentives. Beginning in January 2018, electric car owners will be required to pay half of the yearly road licence fee and the full rate as of 2020. The value-added tax (VAT) exemption for electric cars was scheduled to end in 2018, but replaced by a new scheme, which may be subjected to a ceiling that could be reduced as technology develops. The agreement also gave local authorities the right to decide whether electric cars can park for free and use public transport lanes.
In March 2016, the Ministry of Transport issued new regulations for parking in locations with access to the general public. The new parking regulations, that went into effect on 1 January 2017, terminated the free parking for zero-emission vehicles, but established that Municipalities are allowed to introduce payment exemption for electric and hydrogen powered motor vehicles on municipal parking locations. , the city councils of Trondheim and Tønsberg decided to introduce full payment for EVs from 2017; the cities of Bodø and Tromsø introduced payment for parking in downtown but exempted parking outside the city's center; and the cities of Oslo, Mandal and Drammen decided to keep free parking for zero-emission vehicles. , 24 out of 58 major municipalities kept the free parking for EVs. Among the 34 municipalities that terminated the benefit, six kept different variants of partial free parking.
For the 2017 National Budget, the Government proposed to extend the VAT exemption for zero-emission vehicles until 2020. It also put forward a national rule to keep a maximum tax rate of zero-emission vehicles equal to half the value charged to conventional cars. The budget proposal also included an adjustment to exempt plug-in hybrids from the higher taxes levied to heavier vehicles, and instead, to charge taxes based on their fuel economy under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). Until 2016, all plug-in hybrids had a weight allowance of 26% regardless of their all-electric range or fuel efficiency.
In October 2017, the National Government proposed in its 2018 Budget a new tax for EVs based on weight. This proposal would affect mainly bigger electric car models, all Tesla vehicles, and in particular the Tesla Model X. After some public controversy, the proposal was dropped. Nevertheless, Tesla's sales surge at the end of 2017 for consumers' fear of the introduction of the new tax.
Goals for 2018–2029
In February 2016, the government opened for public discussion until 1 July 2016 the proposed National Transport Plan 2018–2029 (NTP). The plan explains that the transportation sector accounts for emissions of about 16.5 million tons of , which is about one third of the total greenhouse gas emissions produced domestically in Norway. And road traffic, including both private cars and heavy vehicles, account for about 10 million tons of . The NTP set policies and actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from private cars, trucks, ships, aircraft and construction equipment by about one half until 2030.
In order to achieve this objective, among others, the NTP sets the goal for all sales of new cars, urban buses and light commercial vehicles in 2025 to be zero emission vehicles, this is, all-electric and hydrogen vehicles. By 2030, heavy-duty vans, 75% of new long-distance buses, and 50% of new trucks must be zero emission vehicles. Also, by 2030, 40% of all ships in short sea shipping should be using biofuels or be low- or zero-emission ships. The proposed strategy states that until zero-emission vehicles take over, all internal combustion engine cars sold be plug-in hybrids, and wherever possible, biofuels must be used. Also, government agencies should as far as possible make use of biofuels, low- and zero-emission technologies in private and hired vehicles and vessels. The plan also calls to support the deployment of zero emission vehicles, but also for the reduction of the existing incentives, and proposes to invest more in public transport, walking and cycling.
Criticism of the incentives
Since 2013 several complaints and criticism have arisen due to the rapid increase in the number of electric vehicles on the roads as a result of the existing incentives to promote EV adoption, and particularly about the non-fiscal incentives. These include high public subsidies as compared to the value of the reduced carbon footprint of electric vehicles; the travel mode shift by people who buy an electric vehicle as a second car instead of taking buses and trains; the potential traffic congestion in Oslo's bus lanes due to the increasing number of electric cars; the loss of revenue for some ferry operators due to the large number of electric cars exempted from payment; and shortage of parking spaces for owners of conventional cars due to preference to electric cars and lack of a cap on parking time.
Excessive subsidies
According to the results of a study published by Reuters in March 2013, prepared by Bjart Holtsmark, an analyst of Statistics Norway, the tax exemptions on the purchase of an electric car are worth almost in comparison to the fully taxed price of a regular internal combustion engine car, which is equivalent to a year over a car's lifetime (8 years). The value of the toll exemption for driving into Oslo are worth per year, the free parking is worth per year, and electric cars avoid other charges worth a year. Without adding value to the benefit of driving in bus lanes, the annual benefit of owning an electric car in Oslo is estimated at per car, per year. The analysis used a Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid as the benchmark vehicle. Mr. Holtsmark also pointed out that "by encouraging people who can afford it to buy a second car instead of taking buses and trains, the electric car scheme may ironically be aggravating environmental problems and causing traffic jams."
The Norwegian project Grønn bil (Green Car) disputed these figures because they consider the analysis is based on unrealistic assumptions. The group argues that the analysis used a very short total vehicle lifespan of 7.8 years, while Norway's average is closer to 18 years; it is very unlikely that a vehicle can be parked in Oslo between 1,875 hours and 3,000 hours per year to save the estimated considering the existing time limits for parking; and the typical EV owner drives around per year, not the implicit in the analysis. Using what they consider more realistic assumptions, Grønn bil estimates that the annual benefit of owning an electric car in Oslo is estimated at per car, per year, 40% of Holtsmark's estimation. They also found that the cost per tonne of emissions reduced is , not the estimated by Holtsmark.
Bus lane congestion
In December 2013 the newspaper Budstikka conducted an informal test to measure the difference in travel time between an electric car and a petrol-driven car during the morning rush hour on a stretch of road between the suburban municipality of Asker in Akershus, and Skøyen, a neighbourhood of Oslo. The electric car completed the trip in 19 minutes using the bus lane while it took 51 minutes for the conventional car travelling in the normal lanes. Around noon, the same trip took the electric car just 13 minutes.
Budstikka also did a count of the number of vehicles travelling in the bus lane during the rush hour on 3 December 2013. The newspaper found that a total of 829 vehicles used the bus lane between 7:30 and 8:30 am, of which, 618 vehicles were electric cars (74.5%). Buses accounted for only 7.5% of the traffic in the bus lane, and taxis, two-wheelers and mini-buses made up the rest. The deputy director of the Institute of Transport Economics (TØI) explained that the normal capacity of a highway lane is between 1,800 and 2,000 vehicles per hour, but because of the ramp entrances and exits, and the buses manoeuvring in and out the bus lane to do their stops, the traffic flow starts to become troublesome when the number of vehicles in the bus lane is about 1,000 vehicles per hour. Although by December 2013 the traffic is approaching this limit, TØI's Deputy Director did not want to predict when this critical situation will occur. The Manager of the green car advocate group Grønn Bil warned that "if the only reason people bought an electric car is to drive in the bus lane, they will probably be disappointed sooner or later."
By mid-2014, bus drivers in some parts of Oslo begun complaining about the delays caused by the ever-increasing number of electric cars. An interviewed bus driver expressed his concern that the electric cars "can create a vicious circle – tired of being stuck in traffic, bus users could be tempted to buy an electric car themselves, worsening the congestion problem." According to the Norwegian Public Roads Administration, , electric cars represent 85% of traffic in the bus lanes during rush hours. As of late August 2014, Norwegian ministers are under increasing pressure to reduce the non-financial incentives and tax breaks for electric cars in order to reduce a rising congestion problem, but no decision has been made by the central government authorities. The success of electric car adoption was unexpected, as the authorities planned to keep the incentives in place until the end of 2017, or until they reach 50,000 units. At the pace of sales reached during 2014, the target of 50,000 EVs registered could be met by April or May 2015.
According to local authorities from the city of Oslo, the negative effects on the bus lanes occur only at certain places and in certain times of the day, particularly at the Norwegian National Road E18, west of Oslo. The problems are concentrated at the exit and entry ramps that in the long term might have serious consequences for bus accessibility. All the involved agencies are monitoring the situation and Oslo's authorities consider that restrictions for EVs to access the bus lanes should be considered only when it becomes a major problem for the buses.
Burden on ferry operators
As part of the incentives to promote EV adoption, plug-in electric vehicles are exempted from payment of ferryboat fees, but only the car crosses for free, the driver and each passenger pay the ordinary fare. The accelerated growth of electric cars on some ferry routes has caused complaints from ferryboat operators due to the increasing loss on their farebox revenues. According to FosenNamsos Sea AS, an operator with four ferry lines servicing Hordaland county, during the first seven months of 2014 the number of electric vehicles riding the service Krokeidet-Hufthamar from Hordaland increased by 215% compared to the same period last year, for a total of 9,226 electric cars not paying the ferry fee through the end of July. The company argues that "no one could foresee the tremendous growth of electric cars we see on some ferry routes, but the Austevoll satellite connection involves a significant loss of revenue for us."
On 1 June 2014, the company's home county of Sør-Trøndelag repealed the payment exemption for electric vehicles on the county ferries. The company has also requested to Transport of Hordaland a similar end of the exemption or some form of the income loss compensation. FosenNamsos Sea AS has argued that the financial burden should be on the government not the ferry operators. , the county of Hordaland had 5,016 registered electric cars, the second largest in Norway after Oslo. Hordaland transport authorities are studying the request but already have stated that the agency must follow state regulations for ferry rates and the regulations established for electric cars.
Unfairness of free parking
As an incentive to promote EV adoption, plug-in electric vehicles are exempted from public parking fees. Politicians in Trondheim, in Sør-Trøndelag county are complaining about the lack of parking spaces for owners of conventional cars due to preference to electric cars. The city has a five-hour time limit for electric cars to use street parking for free, but electric car owners who use their car to commute keep moving their cars during the day and end up having free parking all day while they are at work. A city council member noted that in many streets there are large numbers of plug-in electric vehicles parked all day, and sometimes there are more electric cars than regular cars. This situation makes it difficult to find parking for those who come to the city to shop. In addition, the municipality of Trondheim is losing revenue. The city councillor wants to end the incentives electric car owners have to park downtown Trondheim all day long for free.
Charging infrastructure
, there were in the country 7,632 electric recharge points. The county with the most stations is Oslo with 1,996 points, followed by Akershus with 1,117, and Hordaland with 932.
, a total 13,687 public charging points were available in Norway, up from 10,711 in 2018. Of these, 770 were fast charging points at Tesla supercharger stations, 1,487 were CHAdeMO quick charging points, and 1,592 were CCS 50 kW+. By early 2020, the counties with the most quick chargers were Viken (198 Tesla and 388 CHAdeMO/CCS), Vestland (128 Tesla and 290 CHAdeMO/CCS), and Innlandet (128 Tesla and 173 CHAdeMO/CCS). Oslo has 118 CHAdeMO/CCS (none Tesla).
Usage patterns and attitudes
2013 survey
In June 2013, the Norwegian Electric Vehicle Association (Norsk Elbilforening) conducted a survey among all-electric car owners, with a total of 1,858 respondents, representing over 15% of all the electric car owners in Norway. The study found that the typical electric car owner is a middle-aged family father with higher education and income, and he owns a Nissan Leaf as one of two cars. A total of 85% of the respondents had two or more cars in their household because they need a second car for longer journeys given the limited range current electric cars can provide. However, for everyday needs, the study found that one electric car is sufficient. Norwegians travel 42 km on average every day, mostly by car. Based on the survey, the study found that 15% of the electric car owners do their daily travel with just their one electric car. These users opt for public transport or car rental/sharing for longer trips, because high taxation on traditional cars in Norway makes it expensive to own a car.
The study also found that about half of the respondents to the 2013 survey own a Nissan Leaf the best-selling electric car in Norway and among the top five at the general model ranking. About 5% of the respondents had more than one electric car, as some owners kept their old electric car (such as Th!nk and Buddy) when they bought a new one. The survey showed that in most cases electric cars replaced a traditional car (87%), but also use of public transport (10%), and walking and bicycling (1%). Regarding everyday use of electric cars, the study found that owners use the electric car mostly for commuting to work (89.6%), shopping (88.4%) and driving to after work activities (77.0%). Other uses include delivery of children to school or kindergarten (40.9%) and for business purposes (40.2%). On the other hand, use of the electric car for holiday travel is very limited (11.7%).
As for the charging patterns, the 2013 survey found that 85% of the respondents could charge in their own garage or parking lot, and 10% had access to charging in the shared apartment building where they live. This means that 95% of the respondents were able to charge their electric cars at home during the night. The survey showed that 59% of the respondents had access to charging where they work, and 48% at public charging stations in the area they normally use the electric car.
2016 survey
The Norwegian Institute of Transport Economics conducted in March 2016 a survey among over 8,000 vehicle owners in Norway. The study's aim was to identified how the plug-in vehicles are used, why they are bought and how the technology is rated compared to owners of internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. The sample consisted of 3,111 all-electric vehicles (BEV) owners, 2,065 private plug-in hybrid (PHEV) owners, and 3,080 ICE vehicle owners. The study found that buyers of BEVs and PHEVs have different transport needs but both are motivated by economy of use and environment, whereas all-electric vehicle owners are also motivated by the free toll road incentive. The survey showed that normally diesel and petrol vehicles are replaced with the purchase of a plug-in vehicle, but a larger share of battery electric vehicles become extra vehicles in households. BEV owners are younger, have more children, travel a longer distance to work and own more vehicles than other vehicle owners.
Most BEV owners (71%) also own an ICEV, 4% a PHEV, and 4% more than one BEV. The remaining 21% only have one BEV. 46% of PHEV owners and 48% of ICEV owners belong to single vehicle household. The most multipurpose BEV, Tesla Model S, is twice as common in single BEV households as in households also owning ICEVs, and four times as common in households owning several BEVs. Based on the survey, the researchers found that plug-in hybrid owners in Norway drive on average 55% of their annual distance in charge-depleting or all-electric mode (EV mode), and the share goes up to about 63% for work trips. The share of electric travel is higher for trips to work and in the summer, and lower in the winter. The average plug-in hybrid user in the survey drives 60% of the total distance in EV mode in the summer and 53% in winter. The estimate for work trips is higher at 70% in the summer and 59% in winter. On the other hand, the study found that battery electric vehicles are driven more in total and in everyday traffic.
According to the survey results, plug-in vehicles are mainly charged at home, whether in their garage or at an outdoor parking on the owner property, with 59% of BEV owners and 74% of PHEV owners charging this way. Only 6% of BEV owners and 5% of PHEV owners never charge at home. Charging at work is relatively common among BEV owners, 28% do it more than twice a week, 38% weekly. About 21% of PHEV owners do it at least weekly. Charging elsewhere is rare, but BEVs owners more frequently recharged at public charging stations and shopping centers than
PHEV owners. Fast charging is used for irregular trips where users plan to use fast chargers to accomplish the trip or to solve a problem on the go. Most battery electric vehicle owners manage everyday life well and are satisfied with the vehicle which in combination with attractive local incentives not available to plug-in hybrid owners and other vehicle users.
Peer-to-peer influences is particularly important to diffusion of battery electric vehicles being the biggest source of information leading to the purchase. Plug-in hybrid buyers received most information leading to the purchase from dealers and advertising material. The four reasons most frequently mentioned by the 89% of BEV owners who say they will buy a BEV again are economy of use, environmental performance, future proof technology, and the free usage of toll roads without paying. Less than 1% will not buy a BEV again. The reasons not to buy again are range and charging issues. The three main reasons why 80% of PHEV owners say they will buy one again are economy of use, environmental performance and that the technology is future proof. Only 2% will not buy a PHEV again. The main reasons not to buy again are the short range in all-electric mode and inability to use EV mode when it is cold.
2018 survey
The Norwegian Electric Vehicle Association (Norsk Elbilforening) conducted a survey among all-electric car owners in June 2018, with a total of 9,520 respondents. The study found that 63% of Norwegian households with electric cars also have a fossil car or hybrid car, down from 70% in 2017. The survey also found that among respondents having only one car in the household, one third (32.4%) are electric car owners, up from 26.3% in 2017.
Market and sales
The government's initial goal of 50,000 pure electric vehicles on Norwegian roads was achieved by late April 2015. The stock of light-duty plug-in electric vehicles registered in Norway passed the 100,000 unit milestone in April 2016, and registrations of light-duty all-electric vehicles achieved the 100,000 unit milestone in December 2016. By December 2017, there were over 200,000 plug-in electric vehicles registered. , Norway had the largest European stock of plug-in cars and vans, and the third largest in the world after China and the U.S.
Norway was the top selling plug-in country market in Europe in 2016, surpassing the Netherlands, Europe's top market in 2015. Again in 2017 and 2018, Norway listed as the best selling European country market. In 2019, with more than 100,000 plug-in cars registered, Germany surpassed Norway as Europe's top selling plug-in electric country market, leading both the all-electric and the plug-in hybrid segments.
Used imports
Sales of used imports in Norway are significant, and , over 11,500 used plug-in vehicles imported from neighbouring countries had been registered, mainly pure electric cars. Registrations of used all-electric cars totalled 2,086 units in 2013, 3,063 in 2014 and 5,122 in 2015. In addition, about 1,300 used electric cars were imported into Norway before 2013.
By September 2014 most imports came from France, particularly the Nissan Leaf model. Just in 2015, Norwegians imported a total of 21,756 used cars in 2015, of which highly sought plug-in electric models topped the list of imported cars, the Nissan Leaf with 2,088 and the Kia Soul EV with 2,044, the latter, all imported from Germany.
A total of 5,281 used imported electric cars were registered in 2016, up 3.1% from 2015, with registrations led by two popular plug-in models, the Kia Soul (2,494) and the Nissan Leaf (2,112). In 2018, used imports represented 20% of all passenger car sales in the country. This phenomenon can be explained by the high demand for electric vehicles in Norway, and as manufacturers are unable to supply enough vehicles, there is a trend to import newly registered electric cars from other European countries. A number of second-hand electric vehicles from other countries are also imported in Norway because of their cheaper price relative to new vehicles.
, cumulative registrations of used imports from neighbouring countries totalled 51,333 all-electric cars and utility vans, representing 13.8% of all light-duty pure electric vehicles ever registered in Norway. The most popular second hand import models are the Nissan Leaf with 19,281 units, Kia Soul EV with 13,464, VW e-Golf with 4,113, Fiat 500e with 1,615, BMW i3 with 1,445, Hyundai Ioniq with 1,399, Volkswagen e-Up! with 1,113, Nissan e-NV200 with 945, and Hyundai Kona EV with 902.
Market penetration
In March 2014, Norway became the first country where over one in every 100 registered passenger cars is plug-in electric, out of a fleet of over 2.52 million passenger cars. All-electric vehicles reached a market penetration of 1.02% of the total registered passenger fleet, and for the entire plug-in electric segment the market penetration increases to 1.07% when plug-in hybrids are accounted for.
In March 2015, the plug-in segment market penetration passed 2%, and the all-electric segment alone reached 2% of the country's 2.5 million registered passenger cars by late April 2015. The market penetration of the country's plug-in electric car segment passed 3% in December 2015. The all-electric segment achieved a market penetration of 3.5% in September 2016. , plug-in cars represented 5% of the all passenger cars on Norwegians roads, and the 10% milestone was achieved in October 2018.
In April 2020, the stock of all-electric passenger cars represented 10% of all cars on the road in Norway, and during 2020, the fleet of plug-in electric cars passed the 15% mark. By the end of 2021 the market penetration was 22.1%, of which, 16.0% corresponds to battery electric cars in use.
Ownership per capita
Also, due to its population size, Norway is the country with the largest EV ownership per capita in the world, In 2013 the EV concentration reached four plug-in electric vehicles per 1,000 people in 2013, nine times higher than the U.S., the world's largest plug-in electric car market at the time. By July 2016, the market concentration had increased to 21.5 registered plug-in cars per 1,000 people, 3.6 times higher California's, the leading American market, and 14.2 times higher than the U.S. average concentration, then the world's largest country market.
Evolution of market share
The Norwegian plug-in electric car market share of new car sales is the highest in the world. The segment's market share rose from 1.6% in 2011, to 3.1% in 2012, and reached 5.6% in 2013. Only the Netherlands, with 5.34% in 2013, achieved a similar market share. In 2014 the overall plug-in car take rate climbed to 13.8%, and reached 22.4% in 2015. With a plug-in market share of 9.7% in 2015, the Netherlands had the world's second largest market share after Norway.
A record plug-in market share of 29.1% of new car sales was achieved in 2016. The all-electric segment register a market share of 15.7%, down from 17.1% in 2015, while the market share of plug-in hybrids rose to 13.4%. This result reflects a new trend in the Norwegian plug-in electric market that began in 2016, as annual sales and the market share of all-electric cars suffered a decline over the previous year, while the plug-in hybrid segment experienced significant growth.
A new monthly record was set in December 2017, when the plug-in car segment achieved 50% of new registrations. The plug-in segment again set a record market share in 2017 with 39.2% of new passenger cars registered, with 20.8% for the all-electric segment and 18.4% for plug-in hybrids. Adding conventional hybrids, the electrified segment for the first time ever surpassed the combined annual registrations of cars only powered by petrol or diesel, with a market share of 52.2% of new cars registrations in 2017.
The market share of the plug-in segment reached 49.1% in 2018, meaning that every second new passenger car sold in Norway in 2018 was a plug-in electric. According to a 2018 analysis by McKinsey & Company, the high market shares attained by Norway in last two years show that the country has reached a critical mass of electric vehicles, locating Norway in the third stage of a disruptive trend, meaning that the EV disruption is inevitable. According to McKinsey, except for China and Sweden, most other countries are still in the first stage of a disruptive trend. The study concludes that "Norway stands largely alone in its mass-market embrace of electric vehicles, so it provides a real-world picture of future EV sales proportions that developed markets could experience over the next five to ten years."
The take rate rose to 55.9% in 2019, and achieved a new record market share of 74.7% in 2020, 54.3% for the all-electric segment and 20.4% for plug-in hybrids. In September 2021, the combined market share of the plug-in car segment achieved a new record of 91.5% of new passenger car registrations, 77.5% for all-electric cars and 13.9% for plug-in hybrids, becoming the world's highest-ever monthly plug-in car market share attained by any country.
Sales records
Norway was the first country in the world where plug-in electric cars have been listed among its top 10 best selling new cars in a given month, and the first one to have all-electric cars topping the new car sales monthly ranking. Since 2013, plug-in cars have topped the new car sales monthly ranking nine times. The Tesla Model S has been the top selling new car four times, twice in 2013, first in September and again in December, and one more time in March 2014, and again in March 2015. The Nissan Leaf has topped the monthly new car sales ranking twice, first in October 2013 and again in January 2014. Both the Nissan Leaf and the Tesla Model S were listed among the Norwegian top 20 best selling new cars in 2013, with the Leaf ranking third with 4,604 units and a 3.2% market share; and the Model S ranking 20th with a 1.4% market share of new car sales in 2013.
In March 2014, the Tesla Model S also broke the 28-year-old record for monthly sales of a single model regardless of its power source, with 1,493 units sold, surpassing the Ford Sierra, which sold 1,454 units in May 1986. In July 2016, when new car registrations are break down by type of powertrain, for the first time a plug-in hybrid, the Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV, listed as the top selling new car. In September 2016, the Tesla Model X ranked as the top selling new car model in Norway when registrations are broken down by type of powetrain. The BMW i3 was the top selling new passenger car in November 2016. In March 2019, the Tesla Model 3, with over 5,300 cars delivered, set the all-time record for monthly sales of a single passenger car model.
Norway was also the first country in the world to have all-electric cars listed as the best selling passenger car model of the year, and for two consecutive years. First, the Nissan Leaf, with 12,303 units registered in 2018, was the country's best selling new passenger car model, marking the first time an electric car tops annual sales of the passenger car segment. Thereafter, the Tesla Model 3 topped annual passenger car sales in 2019 with 15,683 units registered. The sales volume achieved by the Model 3 in 2019 is the third largest in Norwegian history, exceeded only by the Volkswagen Bobla (Beetle) in 1969 (16,706), and Volkswagen Golf in 2015 (16,388).
The 53 year old VW Beetle annual sales record was surpassed by the Tesla Model Y with 17,572 sales registered in 2022.
Another record was set in 2018, as the top 5 best selling new passenger cars that year were all plug-in electric models, with the VW e-Golf ranking second (7,238) after the Leaf, followed by the BMW i3 (5,687), the Tesla Model X (4,981), and the Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV (4,323). And again in 2019, the top 5 best selling passenger car models were all plug-in electric models, with the VW e-Golf ranking second (9,195 out of 10,125 of the entire Golf line-up), followed by the Nissan Leaf (6,127), the Audi e-tron (5,377), and the Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV (5,048).
Sales by year
2011–12
A total of 2,240 electric cars were sold in 2011, up from 722 in 2010. A total of 5,411 electric cars and vans were registered in the country at the end of 2011. Sales in 2011 were led by the Mitsubishi i-MiEV family with 1,477 units including 1,050 i-MiEVs, 217 Peugeot iOns and 210 Citroën C-Zeros, together representing 66% of electric car sales in Norway that year. All-time registrations were led by the Th!nk City with 1,216 units registered at the end of 2011, followed by the Kewet/Buddy with 1,125 units and the Mitsubishi i-MiEV with 1,050 units.
At the end of the first quarter of 2012 the Th!nk City (1,205 units) was surpassed as the all-time top selling electric car by the Mitsubishi i-MiEV (1,223), while registrations during this quarter were dominated by the Nissan Leaf with over 600 units registered. Registrations totalled 4,679 plug-in electric cars in 2012, including 318 plug-in hybrids and 59 electric vans. Plug-in electric-drive sales in 2012 represented a 3.1% market share of passenger car sales in the country, up from 1.6% in 2011. Registrations in 2012 included 300 imported used electric vehicles, representing 1.0% of total used imports in the country. Among the top selling countries of all-electric cars in 2012, Norway ranked fifth with a 7% market share of global EV sales.
Sales in 2012 were led by the Nissan Leaf with 2,487 units registered, including 189 imported used Leafs, and Leaf sales represented 53% of the plug-in segment sales that year. Cumulative sales reached 2,860 Leafs since its launch in September 2011, accounting for more than 5% of the Leaf's global sales. Norway was the first country in the world where an electric car ranked among the top 10 best selling cars, as the Nissan Leaf ranked ninth in October new car sales, and ended 2012 in the 13th place, representing a market share of 1.7% of all new car sales in the country, up from 0.3% in 2011. The other top selling models in 2012 were the Mitsubishi i-MiEV with 672 units (7 used imports), Citroën C-Zero 560 (47 used imports), and Peugeot iOn 477 (47 used imports), for a total of 1,709 i MiEV family cars registered. Since 2009, the i-MiEV family sold 3,147 new electric cars through December 2012.
2013
Plug-in electric car registrations totalled 10,769 units in 2013, of which used imports represented 20%. Total registrations included 387 plug-in hybrids and 355 all-electric light commercial vans, together representing 6.9% of total 2013 registrations, and reflecting the continued dominance of pure electric vehicles in the Norwegian market. The plug-in electric segment in Norway grew 129% from 2012 to 2013, achieving the second highest growth rate in the world after the Netherlands (338%).
, the total plug-in electric registered stock included over 2,500 heavy quadricycles, such as the Kewet/Buddy (1,087), Th!nk City (1,120), and the REVAi (299). These city cars are entitled to the special "EL" licensed plate reserved for Norwegian electric vehicles.
The Nissan Leaf continued leading the Norwegian plug-in market with 4,604 new units sold in 2013, representing 58.4% of all plug-in car sales. The Tesla Model S ranked second with 1,986 units (25.2%), followed by the Volkswagen e-Up! with 580 units (7.4%). Since September 2011, a total of 7,275 new Leaf cars have been sold in the country through December 2013. Accounting for used Leafs imported from neighbouring countries, of which, 1,608 units were registered during 2013, a total of 9,080 Leafs have been registered in Norway through December 2013, representing 9.4% of the 96,847 Leafs delivered worldwide through December 2013. The Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid was top selling plug-in hybrid in 2013 with 184 units, followed by the Opel Ampera and Volvo V60 Plug-in Hybrid, both with 94 units.
Tesla Model S deliveries began in Oslo on 7 August 2013, it was the first European retail delivery of a Model S. The first Model S was delivered to Frederic Hauge, a Norwegian environmental activist. Model S sales together with record Leaf sales, allowed the electric car segment to reach its best monthly sales and a record 6.0% market share of new passenger car sales in August 2013. Model S sales surged in September 2013, with a total of 616 units delivered, making the Tesla Model S the top selling car in Norway during this month, representing a market share of 5.1% of all the new cars sold in the country, and contributing to a record 8.6% market share for all-electric vehicle sales during September. The share climbs to 9.0% when plug-in hybrids and electric vans are accounted for. According to Reuters, the demand for the Model S is so high that there was a five-month waiting list, and as a result of the shortage, a used market has appeared.
In October 2013 an all-electric car was the best selling car in the country for a second month in a row. This time was the Nissan Leaf with 716 units sold, representing a 5.6% of new car sales. In December 2013, with 553 units sold and a 4.9% market share, the Model S was the top selling new car in the country for the second time in 2013. A total of 1,986 new Model S cars were sold through December 2013, allowing Tesla's electric car to rank as the second top selling electric vehicle in 2013 after the Nissan Leaf. According to Elon Musk, by the end of 2013 Norway became Tesla's largest per capita sales market for the Model S, together with Switzerland.
2014
A total of 23,390 plug-in electric vehicles were registered in Norway in 2014, consisting of 18,094 new all-electric cars, 3,063 used imported all-electric cars, 1,678 new plug-in hybrid cars and 555 new all-electric vans. Combined sales of new and used plug-in electric vehicles captured a 13.84% market share of total passenger car registrations in 2014. The new all-electric car segment reached a market share of 12.5%. New all-electric passenger car registrations were up 129.5% from 2013, and the plug-in hybrid segment grew 411.6% from a year earlier. Norway was the top selling European country with 18,649 passenger cars and utility vans registered, representing a third of all European all-electric car sales in 2014.
In January 2014, the Leaf topped for a second time the ranking of top selling new cars in Norway, with 650 units sold, representing a 5.7% of new car sales that month. Nissan Leaf registrations passed the 10,000 unit milestone in February 2014. The Model S topped the monthly sales ranking for a third time in March 2014, with 1,493 units sold, capturing a 10.8% market share of new car sales that month, and contributing to a record market share for the all-electric car segment of 20.3% of total new car sales. The monthly market share of the plug-in electric car segment set a new record in January 2014, 18.0% for all-electric cars and 3.1% for plug-in hybrids, for a combined market share of 21.1% of total new car registrations.
A total of 2,056 Model S cars were sold during the first quarter of 2014, making the Model S the best selling new car in Norway during 2014 so far, capturing a 5.6% market share of new car sales. The Renault Zoe was officially launched in the Norwegian market in April 2014, and unlike other European countries, the Zoe is sold with the battery pack included.
During the first half of 2014, the Model S, with 3,136 units sold, ranked as the second best selling new car in Norway with a market share of 4.3% of new car sales; and also was the top selling plug-in electric car, with a 33.5% share of the all-electric segment sales. The Leaf, with 2,665 units, ranked fourth among the top selling new cars, capturing a 3.7% market share of new car sales; and listed as the second top selling plug-in car after the Model S, with a share of 28.5% of the all-electric segment sales. The other top selling plug-in cars were the Volkswagen e-Up! with 1,551 units and 16.6% share of the all-electric segment; the BMW i3 with 1,159 units, including sales of the variant with the range-extender (REx) option, and captured a 12.4% share of the all-electric segment. The recently released Volkswagen e-Golf was the top selling plug-in electric car in July 2014 with 391 units sold and representing 34.4% of the Golf nameplate sales (1,136), which was country's top selling new car that month. The e-Golf was again the top selling plug-in electric car in August 2014 with 467 units sold, representing 43.4% of the Golf nameplate sales that month (1,075). In two months and a half a total of 925 Volkswagen e-Golf cars have been sold, surpassing initial Model S sales which delivered 805 units during its first two months in the Norwegian market.
Sales of plug-in hybrids increased significantly during the first half of 2014, with 856 units sold. Sales were driven by the Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV with 818 units sold between January and June 2014, representing 95.6% of the Norwegian plug-in hybrid segment. Only 25 Volvo V60 Plug-in Hybrids, 21 Prius PHVs and 15 Amperas were sold during this period. The Outlander plug-in version represented almost 54% of the 1,523 Outlanders sold in Norway in the first half of 2014. The Outlander P-HEV passed the 1,000 unit mark in August 2014.
Plug-in electric car sales in 2014 were led by the Nissan Leaf with 4,781 new registrations, followed by Tesla Model S with 4,040 units. The Leaf ended 2014 as the third top selling new car in Norway. The top selling plug-in hybrid in 2014 was the Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV with 1,485 units sold, out of almost 1,700 plug-in hybrids sold in the country that year.
, a total of 12,056 new Leafs had been sold in the country. In addition, there were 3,626 used imported Leafs registered in the country . With about 16,000 units registered including used imports, the Leaf ranks as the country's all-time top selling electric car, representing 39% of the country's all-electric registered fleet. The Tesla Model S, released in August 2013, ranks second with cumulative sales of 6,023 new units up until December 2014, with about 14% of the total registered plug-in electric vehicle stock. , Norway is the Model S largest overseas market, with an average of 436 sedans sold per month since August 2013.
2015
Record registrations and the highest monthly market share ever were registered in March 2015, with 3,391 new all-electric cars sold that month representing 23.4% of new car sales, and 357 plug-in hybrids representing a market share of 2.52% that month, together reaching a combined PEV market share of 26.4%. In addition, a total of new 73 all-electric vans and 320 all-electric used import cars were registered in March 2015, raising total March registrations of light-duty plug-in vehicles to 4,141 units. March sales set another record, with three all-electric cars ranking as the top 3 selling new cars in the country, the Tesla Model S with 1,140 units, the Volkswagen e-Golf with 956 (out of a total of 1,421 units sold by the Golf nameplate), and the Nissan Leaf with 526.
A total of 39,632 light-duty plug-in electric vehicles were registered in Norway in 2015, up from 23,408 in 2014 (69.3%). New plug-in sales totalled 34,455 units, consisting of 25,779 pure electric cars, 7,964 plug-in hybrids, and 712 all-electric utility vans. A total of 5,177 used imports were registered, consisting of 5,122 used imported pure electric cars and 55 vans. The combined sales of new plug-in cars reached a market share of 22.4% of all new passenger cars sold in 2015, with the all-electric car segment reaching 17.1%, up from 12.5% in 2014, while the plug-in hybrid segment reached 5.2%, up from 1% in 2014.
The VW e-Golf, with 8,943 units sold, was the best-selling plug-in electric car in Norway in 2015, representing 34.7% of the plug-in segment sales, ahead of the Tesla Model S (4,039) and the Nissan Leaf (3,189). The e-Golf variant represented 54.6% of total new VW Golf nameplate sales in the country in 2015. For the second year running, the Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV was top selling plug-in hybrid in 2015 with 2,875 units, becoming the all-time top selling plug-in hybrid in the country, with 4,360 units registered since 2014. In 2015, the Outlander was followed by the Volkswagen Golf GTE with 2,000 units, and the Audi A3 e-tron with 1,684 units, together representing 84% of the plug-in hybrid segment sales in 2015.
, the Nissan Leaf continued as the all-time best selling plug-in electric car in the country with a total of 15,245 new Leafs registered since 2011. In addition, a significant number of used imported Leafs from neighbouring countries have been registered in the country, raising the stock of registered Leafs to over 20,000 units, meaning that more than 10% of Leafs sold in the world are on Norwegian roads by November 2015. Ranking second is the Volkswagen e-Golf, with 10,961 new units registered since 2014, followed by the Tesla Model S, with 10,062 new units registered in Norway through December 2015, representing about 10% of the Model S global sales.
2016
A total of 50,875 plug-in electric vehicles were registered in Norway in 2016, consisting of 24,222 new electric cars, 5,281 used imported all-electric cars, 20,663 new plug-in hybrid cars, 607 new all-electric vans, and 102 used imported all-electric vans. New light-duty plug-in registrations totalled 45,492 plug-in cars and vans registered. with new plug-in passenger car registrations were up 32% from 2015. Registrations of new plug-in cars reached a market share of 29.1% of all new passenger cars registered in 2016, with the all-electric car segment reaching 15.7%, down from 17.1% in 2015, and the plug-in hybrid segment climbed to 13.4%, up from 5.3% in 2015. When conventional hybrids sales are accounted for, the combined market share of the electric-drive segment achieved 40.2% of new passenger car sales in 2016.
The stock of light-duty plug-in electric vehicles registered in Norway passed the 100,000 unit milestone in April 2016, making Norway the country with the fourth largest stock of plug-in cars and vans in the world after China, the U.S. and Japan, and also the European country with largest stock of light-duty plug-in vehicles. Registrations of light-duty all-electric vehicles achieved the 100,000 unit milestone in December 2016, with three models, the Nissan Leaf, Tesla Model S and Volkswagen e-Golf, accounting for more than half of total stock of pure electric cars on Norwegian roads at the end of November 2016. Norway was the best selling plug-in country in Europe in 2016, surpassing the Netherlands, Europe's top market in 2015.
The Outlander PHEV ended 2016 listed as the best selling plug-in car in Norway with 5,136 units sold, the first time ever a plug-in hybrid topped the Norwegian list of top selling plug-in electric cars. Ranking next were the Volkswagen e-Golf (4,705), Volkswagen Golf GTE (4,337), Nissan Leaf (4,162), and BMW i3 (3,953). Registrations of used imports were led by the Kia Soul (2,494) and the Nissan Leaf (2,112). When new car sales in 2016 are breakdown by powertrain or fuel, nine of the top ten best-selling models were electric-drive models: three plug-in hybrids, three battery electric cars, three conventional hybrids, and only one diesel-powered car.
A record market share for the plug-in electric passenger segment was achieved in March 2016 with 33.5% of new car sales; the all-electric car segment had an 18.7% market share among new passenger cars, while the plug-in hybrid segment had a 14.8%. Also in March 2016, combined sales of the Golf plug-in variants totalled 1,216 units out of 1,411 new Golf nameplate units registered that month, representing 86.2% of the model total registrations.
When new car registrations in July 2016 are broken down by type of powertrain, a total of five plug-in cars ranked among the top 10 best selling new cars in Norway that month, with the Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV ranking for the first time as the top selling new car with 504 units registered in July 2016. Ranking next were the Volkswagen Golf GTE (412), Volkswagen Passat GTE (294), Volkswagen e-Golf (279), and Nissan Leaf (237). By the end of August 2016, about 90,000 pure electric vehicles have been registered in the country, including used imports, triggering the introduction of the new "EK" special licence plate series dedicated to all-electric vehicles.
The VW Golf nameplate led new car registrations in September 2016 with 996 units, followed by the Tesla Model X with 601 and the BMW i3 with 520. However, when Golf family sales are broken down by each variant's powetrain, the all-electric e-Golf registered 392 units, the Golf GTE plug-in hybrid 358, and the internal combustion-powered Golf 242 units. Therefore, the Model X not only led sales in the plug-in electric segment, but also was the top selling new car model in September 2016. In addition, when models are ranked considering their powertrain, a total of five plug-in cars ranked among the top 10 best selling new cars in Norway that month. In addition to the Model X and the i3, the other top selling plug-in models were the Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV (427), Volkswagen e-Golf (392), and Volkswagen Golf GTE (358). Again in November 2016, an electric car topped new cars sales in the country. The BMW i3 listed as the top selling new passenger car model with 1,014 units registered, capturing a market share of 7.7% of new car sales that month.
, the Nissan Leaf remains as the all-time best selling plug-in electric car in the country with a total of 19,407 new Leafs registered since 2011. When used imported Leafs are accounted for, there were 27,115 Leafs on Norwegian roads at the end of November 2016. Ranking second is the VW e-Golf with 16,216 units registered followed by the Tesla Model S with 11,878 units. , the Outlander PHEV is the all-time top selling plug-in hybrid car with 9,499 new units registered since 2013.
2017
A record monthly market share for the plug-in electric passenger segment was achieved in January 2017 with 37.5% of new car sales; the plug-in hybrid segment had a 20.0% market share of new passenger cars, while the all-electric car segment had 17.5%. In January 2017 the electrified segment for the first time ever surpassed combined sales of cars with a diesel or petrol engine. Sales of plug-in hybrids, all-electric cars and conventional hybrids achieved a market share of 51.4% of new car sales that month. Another market share record was set in December 2017, when the combined plug-in segment achieved 50% of new registrations, 27.6% for all-electric cars and 22.4% for plug-in hybrids. When conventional hybrids are accounted for, the electrified segment achieved a record 58.4% of new car registrations that month.
A total of 71,737 plug-in electric vehicles were registered in Norway in 2017, consisting of 33,025 new electric cars, 8,558 used imported all-electric cars, 29,236 new plug-in hybrid cars, 742 new all-electric vans, and 176 used imported all-electric vans. Additionally, 55 new zero emissions hydrogen cars were registered in 2017. The all-electric segment market share was 20.8% and the plug-in hybrid car segment was 18.4%, for a combined market share of 39.2% of new passenger cars registered in 2017. Adding conventional hybrids, the electrified segment for the first time ever in any country surpassed annual registrations of cars only powered by [petrol] or diesel, with a market share of 52.1% of new cars registrations in 2017.
The Volkswagen e-Golf was the best-selling plug-in electric car with 6,639 new units registered, followed by the BMW i3 with 5,035 (plus one unit with range-extender), and the Tesla Model X with 4,748 units. The Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV ended 2017 with 4,067 new units registered, and rises to around 6,500 when used imports are accounted for. These sales results allow the Outlander P-HEV to rank as the top selling plug-in hybrid in 2017, and the Norwegian segment's top selling model for four years running (2014–2017). It is the all-time top selling PHEV with 13,566 new units sold .
Among the top 20 best selling new cars in Norway in 2017, half were plug-in passenger cars: six all-electric cars and four plug-in hybrids. The Volkswagen e-Golf was the country's top selling new car in 2017, and the BMW i3 the second best selling new car. The Tesla Model X ranked fourth overall. The complete Volkswagen Golf line-up was the top selling new car in 2017, completing ten consecutive years as the leading model in the Norwegian market, but 54.6% were electric models (e-Golf) and 20% were plug-in hybrids (Golf GTE), as a result, 3 out of 4 new VW Golf cars registered in 2017 had a plug.
, and accounting for both new and used imports registrations, a total of 141,951 all-electric passenger cars and vans, and 67,171 plug-in hybrids have been registered in the country since 2010. The registered plug-in stock included almost 2,700 all-electric vans. Registration of used imports totalled 20,944 cars in 2017, mostly imported from European countries. Many of these imports were registered in their country of origin and shortly after shipped to Norway. A large proportion were electric cars, such as the Nissan Leaf and Kia Soul, and plug-in hybrids, mainly Mitsubishi Outlander. Accounting for total registrations, that is, including used imports, a total of 13 plug-in cars ranked among the top 20 best selling new cars in Norway in 2017, seven pure electrics and six plug-in hybrids. The list was completed by three conventional hybrids and three diesel-powered automobiles. Among the top 10, none was exclusively powered by an internal combustion engine, seven were plug-in cars and three conventional hybrids. The top four positions were occupied by plug-in models: VW e-Golf, Nissan Leaf, Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV and BMW i3 all-electric. The Toyota RAV4 Hybrid was fifth.
, two Norwegian cities are listed among the world's top 25 cities with the largest plug-in electric vehicle markets, accounting for 44% of the world's stock of plug-in electric cars, Oslo with about 75,000 vehicles and Bergen with about 40,000. The top 25 list is led by Shanghai with cumulative sales of over 162,000 electric vehicles, followed by Beijing with 147,000 and Los Angeles with 143,000. Among the 25 cities, Bergen has the highest market share of the plug-in segment, with about 50% of new car sales in 2017, followed by Oslo with 40%.
2018
In September 2018, the market share of all-electric cars reached 45.3% and plug-in hybrids 14.9%, for a combined market share of the plug-in car segment of 60.2% of new car registrations that month, becoming the world's highest-ever monthly market share for the plug-in electric passenger segment in Norway, and in any country. The market share for diesel-powered cars fell to 12.4% of new registrations and for petrol cars was 16.1%. Accounting for conventional hybrids, the electrified segment achieved a record 71.5% market share in September 2018. The plug-in electric passenger car market share continued above 55% in October and November 2018, and totalled 49.1% in 2018.
In October 2018, Norway became the first country where 1 in every 10 passenger cars registered is a plug-in electric vehicle. The 200,000th all-electric vehicle was registered in December 2018. , Norway's stock of passenger cars totalled 2.7 million units registered, of which, 7.2% were all-electric passenger cars, and 3.5% were plug-in hybrid cars. Conventional hybrid cars represented 3.9% of the total stock, for the electrified segment accounting for 14.6% of all cars on Norwegian roads.
The Nissan Leaf, with 12,303 units registered in 2018, was both the country's best selling new passenger car model, and the top selling plug-in electric car, marking the first time an electric car tops annual sales of the passenger car segment. Also, the top 5 best selling new passenger cars in 2018 were all plug-in electric models, with the VW e-Golf ranking second (7,238), followed by the BMW i3 (5,687), the Tesla Model X (4,981), and the Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV (4,323). In addition, among the top 10 best selling new car models, seven were plug-in electric cars (Tesla Model S and Renault Zoe in addition to the top 5), two were conventional hybrids (Toyota Yaris and RAV4), and one model with multiple powertrains (Volvo XC60).
, the Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV remained as the top selling plug-in hybrid with 14,196 new units sold. The Nissan Leaf continued to be the most popular model in the plug-in segment with 49,823 units registered by early December 2018, representing 25% of total all-electric car registrations in Norway.
2019
In January 2019, the 50,000th Nissan Leaf was registered. In March 2019, the Model 3, with over 5,300 cars delivered, established the all-time record for monthly sales of a single passenger car model in Norway.
A total of 88,443 light-duty plug-in electric vehicles were registered in Norway in 2019, consisting of 60,316 new electric cars, 6,802 used imported all-electric cars, 19,295 new plug-in hybrid cars, 1,928 new all-electric vans, and 102 used imported all-electric vans. Additionally, 29 new zero emissions hydrogen cars were registered. The all-electric segment market share was 42.4% and the plug-in hybrid car segment was 13.6%, for a combined market share of 55.9% of new passenger cars registered in 2019, meaning that just over one out of two new passenger car registered in 2019 was a plug-in electric car.
The Tesla Model 3 was the best selling passenger car model in 2019 with 15,683 units registered, an annual sales volume that became the country's third largest ever. The other top selling plug-in cars were the Volkswagen e-Golf (9,195), Nissan Leaf (6,127), Audi e-tron (5,377) and the Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV(5,048), all models, also listed in the same order as the best selling passenger car models in the overall market. Out of the top 10 best selling cars in Norway in 2019, eight were plug-in cars.
, the Norwegian stock of light-duty plug-in electric vehicles totalled 375,866 units on the road use consisting of 260,688 all-electric passenger cars and vans, and 115,178 plug-in hybrids.
2020
Despite the global strong decline in car sales brought by the COVID-19 pandemic, new plug-in electric car sales in Norway between January and April 2020 remained about the same as in the same period in 2019. Even with the pandemic, the Norwegian plug-in car segment achieved a new record market share of 75.16% of new passenger car sales in March 2020, of which, 55.9% were all-electric cars.
In April 2020, the Norwegian stock of fully electric cars in use achieved the milestone of 10% of all cars in circulation in Norway. The 300,000th all-electric light-duty vehicle was registered in early June 2020. The world's highest-ever monthly market share for sales of plug-in electric passenger cars was achieved by Norway in December 2020, with a take rate of 87.1% of new registrations.
A total of 113,588 light-duty plug-in electric vehicles were registered in Norway in 2020, consisting of 76,789 new electric cars, 5,425 used imported all-electric cars, 28,905 new plug-in hybrid cars, 2,442 new all-electric vans, and 27 used imported all-electric vans. Additionally, 15 new zero emissions hydrogen cars were registered. The all-electric segment market share was 54.3% and the plug-in hybrid car segment was 20.4%, for a combined record market share of 74.7% of new passenger cars registered in the country in 2020. This volume of annual sales, allowed Norway to become the first country in the world where sales of fully electric cars outsold the combined volume of models containing internal combustion engines.
The Audi e-tron, with 9,227 units registered, listed as both the top selling plug-in car and Norway's top selling passenger car. The Tesla Model 3 ranked second with 7,770 units, followed by the VW ID.3 with 7,754, and the Nissan Leaf with 5,221. , the Nissan Leaf continued to lead plug-in registrations with 65,528 units, of which, about 19,100 were registered as used imports.
Since 2010, a total of 489,669 light-duty electric vehicles have been registered through December 2020, of which, 346,822 are fully electric cars and vans, and 142,847 are plug-in hybrid cars. Since the introduction of EV incentives in the 1990s, total light-duty all-electric vehicle registrations rise to 359,656 units, as a result, cumulative registrations passed the 500,000 units mark in 2020. At the end of 2020, more than 15% of the passenger cars on the road were plug-in electric cars.
2021
In September 2021, the combined market share of the plug-in car segment achieved a new record of 91.5% of new passenger car registrations, 77.5% for all-electric cars and 13.9% for plug-in hybrids, becoming the world's highest-ever monthly plug-in car market share attained by any country.
Latest trends
Plug-in segment is replacing diesel cars
During the first quarter of 2016 petrol-driven cars kept almost the same market share as 2015, while the share of diesel-powered cars declined by 8.9%, almost corresponding to the gain of the plug-in hybrid segment. In September 2016 the Norwegian electric-drive segment had achieved a record 47.8% market share of new cars sales that month.
In 2016 the more general category of hybrid electric cars, which in Norway includes plug-in hybrids, had a market share of 24.5% of new car sales, up from 12.4% in 2015. Accounting together the market shares of all-electric cars (15.7%), plug-in hybrids (13.4%), and conventional hybrids (11.1%), the Norwegian electric-drive segment achieved a record 40.2% market share of new cars sales in 2016. In contrast, the market share of new diesel-powered cars declined to 30.8% from 40.8% in 2015, and petrol-driven cars had a 29.0% market share, slightly down from 29.6% in 2015. These trends indicate that the diesel segment, and in a lesser degree, the petrol segment, are losing market share in favour of conventional hybrids and plug-in electric cars, particularly plug-in hybrids. Sales of plug-in cars were expected to overtake diesel-powered cars in Norway in 2017.
In January 2017 the electrified passenger car segment for the first time ever surpassed monthly combined sales of new cars with a conventional diesel or petrol engine. Sales of plug-in hybrids, all-electric cars and conventional hybrids achieved a market share of 51.4% of new car sales. The diesel car segment excluding hybrids had a market share of 23.9%. A new record was set in December 2017, when the plug-in car segment achieved a monthly market share of 50% of new registrations, 27.6% for all-electric cars and 22.4% for plug-in hybrids, both individually surpassing the market share of the diesel car segment excluding hybrids (18.8%). Cars powered only by petrol represented 22.7% of new car sales. The plug-in segment set a new record market share in 2017 with 39.2% of new passenger cars registered. The all-electric segment market share was 20.8% and the plug-in hybrid car segment was 18.4%, while the diesel-only segment was 23.1%, down from 30.8% in 2016, and petrol-only was 24.7%, down from 29.0% in 2016. Adding conventional hybrids, the electrified segment for the first time ever in any country surpassed the combined annual registrations of cars only powered by petrol or diesel, with a market share of 52.2% of new cars registrations in 2017.
The combined market share of the plug-in car segment in September 2018 rose to 60.2% of new car registrations, becoming the world's highest-ever monthly market share for the plug-in electric passenger segment in Norway, and in any country. The market share of all-electric cars was 45.3% and 14.9% for plug-in hybrids, while the market share for cars powered only by diesel fell to 12.4% and petrol-only to 16.1%. Accounting for conventional hybrids, the electrified segment achieved a record 71.5% market share in September 2018.
The combined market share of plug-in passenger cars reached 49.1% in 2018, and passed the 50% mark in 2019 with 55.9%, of which, electric cars represented 42.4% of new car registrations. In 2019 the market share of diesel-powered passenger cars fell to 16.0% and for petrol car dropped to 15.7%.
Plug-in hybrid segment growth to the expense of pure electrics
The plug-in hybrid segment outsold all-electric cars for the first time ever in the month of April 2016. Registrations of new passenger plug-in vehicles during the first half of 2016 totalled 11,744 all-electric cars and 10,338 plug-in hybrids, with the all-electric car segment reaching a market share of 15.1%, down from 18.4% in the same period in 2015, while the plug-in hybrid segment reached a record 13.3%, up from 4.5% in 2015. These sales results for the first half of 2016 revealed a new trend in the Norwegian plug-in electric market. After years of spectacular growth, the market share of all-electric cars suffered a decline over the previous year, while the plug-in hybrid segment experienced significant growth. In terms of sales volume during the first half of 2016, for the first time plug-in hybrid registrations (10,338) were very close to all-electrics (11,744). Accounting for registrations during the first three-quarters of 2016, plug-in hybrids grew nearly three-fold from the same period in 2016.
According to the Norwegian Electric Vehicle Association this new trend is the result of uncertainty created by the government about the future incentives for zero-emission vehicles. Also, buyers have more models to choose from, as the number of plug-in hybrid cars available in the market has increased significantly, , there were 19 plug-in hybrid models in the market and 15 all-electric cars. Accounting for cumulative registrations between January and July 2016, four plug-in hybrids were listed among the top 10 selling plug-in electric cars, with a plug-in hybrid ranking for the first time ever in first place. As the trend of stronger plug-in hybrid sales continued in July 2016, the split between battery electric cars and plug-in hybrids almost reached parity, with 12,855 electric cars (51.3%) registered in the first seven months of 2016 compared to 12,203 plug-in hybrids registered in the same period (48.7%).
In September 2016, the Norwegian Electric Vehicle Association proposed to the government to change the rules in the 2017 budget to limit the incentives for plug-in hybrids with insufficient all-electric range and luxury models featuring an electric powertrain with a small battery with the sole purpose of increasing power output. Nevertheless, after the introduction of several long-range electric cars, sales of plug-in hybrids began to decline in 2018, with 9.2% less units than 2017, and fell further in 2019, with a decline of 27.3% from 2018 registrations.
Customers in waiting lists
In May 2018, European Federation for Transport and Environment, based on research by the EU Electromobility Platform, reported that there is evidence from Norway and other European countries suggesting that EV adoption is being hampered locally by insufficient supply of electric cars to match the existing level of demand. In the particular case of Norway, despite being a small country, demand is outstripping supply, and as a result, the waiting time for customers wanting to buy an electric car is between 8 months and 2 years, while thousands have paid deposits to be on a waiting list for new models.
In October 2018, the Norwegian Electric Vehicle Association (Norsk Elbilforening) reported that there is a supply shortage of some electric cars models already released, and also, there are many customers who already paid a deposit for reservation of a future model, for a combined total of about 30,000 electric car customers listed on different waiting lists.
, the waiting list for models already released include the Tesla Model 3 (10,000), Hyundai Kona Electric (6,000), second generation Nissan Leaf (3,000), and Jaguar I-Pace (3,000). The waiting list for models slated for release in the Norwegian market in the near future include: the Audi e-tron quattro (6,300), Kia e-Niro (5,900), Porsche Taycan (2,300), Mercedes-Benz EQC (2,200), DS Crossback E-Tense (1,350), and BMW iX3 (1,000). Total paid reservations amount to more than 40,000 pre-orders, as some customers signed in for more than one model. According to NRK estimates, the total amount paid by customers in these waiting lists is about 400 million krone (about ). By monetary value, the waiting list is led by the Audi e-tron quattro and the Tesla Model 3.
Registrations by model
, the Nissan Leaf continues to be the all-time best selling plug-in-electric car in Norway, with 65,589 units registered since inception. The other popular all-electric models are the Volkswagen e-Golf with 47,547 units, the BMW i3 with 28,135, the Tesla Model 3 with 23,470, the Tesla Model S with 21,097, the Kia Soul EV with 20,449, the Audi e-tron with 15,312, the Renault Zoe with 14,258, the Tesla Model X with 13,808, and the Hyundai Ioniq with 11,641. Together, these ten models represent 72% of the 360,591 fully electric cars and vans that had been registered in Norway since the 2000s. These figures include 50,299 used imports, representing 14% of all registrations.
The following table presents registrations of plug-in electric cars and utility vans by model per year since 2008 through December 2015. Figures between 2008 and 2013 correspond to the combined number of first registrations by year accounting for both, new and used imports. Figures for 2014 and 2015 correspond only to new car registrations. The breakdown between new and used import for the Nissan Leaf and the Kia Soul EV is shown because these are the two PEV models with the largest share of used import registrations (almost 70%).
Effects on oil consumption
Despite having for many years the world's highest growth rates and highest penetration of EVs, Norway's crude oil consumption for motor vehicles increased from 2013 to 2016, particularly dutiable diesel fuel. One factor in the slow decline of oil consumption is Norway's relatively rapid population growth. Another factor is the significant number of petrol- and diesel-driven vehicles still on the roads, with only 5% being plug-in electric passenger cars by the end of 2016.
However, according to Forbes, government figures for the sales of petroleum products in 2017, show that for the first time since 2014 Norway's consumption of petrol and diesel declined across the board in 2017. Motor petrol sales declined by 2.9%, dutiable diesel fell by 2.7%, and duty-free diesel (used by agricultural equipment) declined by 2.6%. This decline follows oil sales that were flat in 2014, and then grew by 1% in 2015 and 3.2% in 2016. Between 2018 and 2019, sales of petrol and auto diesel declined by 3.3%, with a larger drop of 5.5% in the petrol segment, which includes conventional hybrids and plug-in hybrids.
Effects on average fleet CO2 emissions
A 2009 European Union regulation set a mandatory average emissions target for new cars of 130 g/km, that were phased in between 2012 and 2015. A target of 95 g/km will apply from 2021. This regulation applies to the average fleet emissions of new passenger cars sold in the European Union and EEA member states. A car manufacturer who fails to comply has to pay an "excess emissions premium" for each car registered according with amount of g/km of exceedance. The average emissions level of a new car sold in 2017 was significantly below the 2015 target, at 118.5 grams of per km. Norway achieved in 2016 the European target set for 2021, with average emissions for all new passenger cars registered in 2016 of 93 g/km, down 7 g/km from 2015.
In order to reduce the country's greenhouse gas emissions, the Norwegian government pledged in 2012, among other measures, a target for the average fleet emission rate of new passenger cars of 85 g/km by 2020, 10 g/km lower than the European Commission's targets for 2021.
As a result of its fast growing EV market penetration, average fleet emissions have been falling in Norway from month to month. Average emissions for all new passenger cars registered in 2017 was 82 g/km, down from 93 g/km in 2016, and below the government's target of 85 grams set for 2020. With all-electric cars accounting for just over 5% of the total stock of passenger cars registered at the end of 2017, Norway achieved its transportation emissions target three years before the pledged deadline.
In September 2018, the average emissions from all first-time registered new passenger cars achieved a new record low of 55 g/km, down from 71 g/km in September 2017. An explanation of the new records, among other things, is found in the record sales of all-electric cars that took place in September 2018, when for the first time ever, zero emissions cars stood for almost half of passenger car sales for a month (45.3%). Such a large number of electric cars caused a record low average fleet emissions. Annual average new passenger car fleet emissions reached an all-time low in 2019 with 60 g/km, 11 g/km lower than in 2018. Nevertheless, the average for petrol-driven cars declined only 1 g/km from 2018 to 93 g/km, while diesel-powered cars increase their average emissions from 131 g/km in 2018 to 134 g/km in 2019. The net gain in reduction of average fleet emissions is due to the large market share of 42.4% of new car sales achieved by the all-electric segment in 2019 (including 29 fuel cell hydrogen vehicles).
Controversies
Piggyback on French subsidies
Some car dealers in Norway have been importing new and used plug-in electric cars, in particular from Sweden, Denmark, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, France, Italy and Spain. In the case of the Nissan Leaf, these dealers buy mostly new cars at a lower price than Norway's retail price thanks to the moderate demand for Leaf in other countries, where better price deals are offered. Then, the cars are sold in the Norwegian market up to 30,000 kr (~ ) cheaper than from Norway's dealerships. Official Norwegian dealers have raised questions about the kind of guarantee offered for the imports. Out of 1,412 all-electric cars registered in the country during the first quarter of 2013, 269 were used imports, representing 19% of all registrations during this quarter.
In September 2013, several French news outlets reported that according to the Norwegian newspaper , some car dealers in Norway have been buying electric cars in France and earning the (~ ) government subsidy. These cars are then imported to Norway and after discounting the freight costs, they are sold at a discount. cited the case of one dealer near Oslo with 70% of its electric car sales corresponding to vehicles imported from France, and with at least 40 Leafs imported, totalling ( ~ ) in benefits at a cost of the French taxpayers. These dealers are taking advantage of a loophole in the French law, which only requires to have an address in the country when buying a new car.
Loophole to EU regulations
According to Der Spiegel, by the early fourth quarter of 2015 the Kia Soul EV ranked as the top-selling plug-in electric car in Germany during 2015 with 2,459 units sold, with almost 1,000 registered in October, nevertheless, there were actually only a few of them on German roads. At the time, about 1,400 Soul EVs had been shipped to Norway and sold as used cars, where availability of new Soul EVs is limited. According to the magazine, Kia Motors is registering the electric cars in Germany and then shipping them to Norway, which does not belong to the European Union, as a strategy to reduce the average fleet emissions of the entire Hyundai-Kia Group. This strategy allows the carmaker to comply with European Union regulations that mandate 130 grams of emission per km in 2015, and so they avoid to pay a fine of per year for each gram above the established average limit. According to German authorities this strategy is legal. A total of 2,044 Kia Soul EVs were imported to Norway as used cars during 2015.
See also
Energy in Norway
Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles
List of modern production plug-in electric vehicles
Renewable energy in Norway
References
External links
Can Norway’s Electric Car Success Be a Model for World?, The Nordic Page, January 2014.
Competitive Electric Town Transport, Institute of Transport Economics (TØI), Norwegian Centre for Transport Research. Oslo, August 2015.
Electric vehicles – environmental, economic and practical aspects, Institute of Transport Economics (TØI), Norwegian Centre for Transport Research. September 2014.
Electric Vehicle Fleet in Norway (by year), Norsk Elbilforening (Norwegian Electric Vehicle Association). December 2016
Electromobility in Norway – experiences and opportunities with Electric vehicles, Institute of Transport Economics (TØI), Norwegian Centre for Transport Research. November 2013.
Equity effects of automobile taxation (includes taxation of BEVs), Institute of Transport Economics (TØI), Norwegian Centre for Transport Research. February 2016.
How Can Tiny Norway Afford to Buy So Many Teslas?, Freakonomics, October 2014.
Learning from Norwegian Battery Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle users – Results from a survey of vehicle owners, Institute of Transport Economics (TØI), Norwegian Centre for Transport Research. June 2016
Norway Is a Model for Encouraging Electric Car Sales, The New York Times, October 2015.
Norway, a leading example of electric vehicle adoption (YouTube video), November 2015
Norway’s path to sustainable transport, Institute of Transport Economics (TØI), Norwegian Centre for Transport Research. 2014.
Norwegian Transport Towards the Two-Degree Target: Two Scenarios, Norwegian Centre for Transport Research. See 4.1: Low and zero emission vehicles. December 2013.
Minidokumentar: Norsk elbilforenings 20 år på 20 minutter! (Short Documentary: Norwegian EV Association 20 years in 20 minutes!) Norsk Elbilforening (Norwegian Electric Vehicle Association), (YouTube video – English subtitles), November 2015.
Oslo – The electric vehicle capital (YouTube video), April 2015.
Proposed National Transport Plan 2018–2029 , Avinor, Norwegian National Rail Administration, Norwegian Coastal Administration and Norwegian Public Roads Administration, February 2016 (in Norwegian).
Plug-In Electric Vehicles: A Case Study of Seven Markets (Norway, Netherlands, California, United States, France, Japan, and Germany), Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis, October 2014.
The Norwegian EV success continues, Norwegian Electric Vehicle Association, June 2016.
Norway
Road transport in Norway |
1997 in rugby league centered on the Super League II and Australasia's split season (between the competing Australian Rugby League and Super League organisations).
March 1 at Townsville, Queensland – Adelaide Rams play their first match, a 16-24 loss to the North Queensland Cowboys at Dairy Farmers Stadium before 17,738.
March 2 at Newcastle, Australia – Hunter Mariners play their first match: a 16-20 loss to the Canterbury Bulldogs at Topper Stadium before 6,579. The new club only lasts until the end of the season when it is closed.
April 25 at Sydney, Australia – Super League's inaugural ANZAC Test match is won by Australia 34-22 against New Zealand at the Sydney Football Stadium before 23,829.
May 3 - London, United Kingdom: In the 1997 Challenge Cup Final St. Helens defeat Bradford Bulls 32-22 at Wembley Stadium before a crowd of 78,022. St. Helens' stand off half Tommy Martyn is awarded the Lance Todd Trophy as man-of-the-match.
May 19 at Brisbane, Australia – Super League Tri-series tournament culminates with New South Wales' 23-22 win against Queensland in the final at ANZ Stadium before 35,570. This match is notable for being the longest ever played, at 104 minutes.
June 11 at Melbourne, Australia – The 1997 State of Origin series is wrapped up by New South Wales in game two of the three-match series against Queensland at the Melbourne Cricket Ground before 25,105.
August 31 at Brisbane, Australia – South Queensland Crushers play their final game before folding: a 39-18 win over the Western Suburbs Magpies at Lang Park before 11,588.
August 31 in United Kingdom – Super League II's final match is played and Bradford Bulls, who finished on top of the table, are crowned champions.
September 20 at Brisbane, Australia – the Australasian 1997 Super League season culminates in the Brisbane Broncos' 26-8 win over the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks in the grand final at ANZ Stadium before 58,912.
The 1997 Rothmans Medal for player of the ARL Premiership was awarded to Sydney City Roosters captain and five-eighth, Brad Fittler.
September 28 at Sydney, Australia – the 1997 ARL season culminates in the Newcastle Knights' 22-16 win over the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles in the grand final at the Sydney Football Stadium before 42,482. Newcastle fullback Robbie O'Davis is awarded the Clive Churchill Medal.
September 28 - Manchester, United Kingdom: In the 1997 Super League Premiership Final Wigan Warriors defeat St. Helens 33-20 at Old Trafford before a crowd of 33,389. The Harry Sunderland Trophy is awarded to Wigan's loose forward Andrew Farrell.
October 17 at Auckland, New Zealand – 1997 World Club Championship tournament culminates in the Brisbane Broncos' 36-12 win over the Hunter Mariners at Mount Smart Stadium before 12,000. This was the Mariners' final match before folding at the close of the season.
November 16 in Leeds, United Kingdom The Super League Test series is won by Australia who defeat Great Britain 20 - 37 in the third and deciding match at Elland Road before a crowd of 39,337.
December 19 - Sydney, Australia: representatives of clubs affiliated with the Australian Rugby League gathered at the Sydney Football Stadium to decide whether to accept News Limited's offer of a settlement with the breakaway 'Super League' - eventually voting in favour by 36 votes to 4. As a result, in the following months the National Rugby League, jointly owned by the ARL and News Limited, was formed.
References |
Triangle Lake is a small alpine lake in Elmore County, Idaho, United States, located in the Sawtooth Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area. The lake is accessed from Sawtooth National Forest trail 454 along the Little Queens River.
Triangle Lake is in the Sawtooth Wilderness, and a wilderness permit can be obtained at a registration box at trailheads or wilderness boundaries. Diamond Lake is west of Triangle Lake, although it is over a ridge and in a separate sub-basin.
See also
List of lakes of the Sawtooth Mountains (Idaho)
Sawtooth National Forest
Sawtooth National Recreation Area
Sawtooth Range (Idaho)
References
Lakes of Idaho
Lakes of Elmore County, Idaho
Glacial lakes of the United States
Glacial lakes of the Sawtooth Wilderness |
WWMR (102.9 FM) is a radio station licensed to Saltillo, Mississippi and serving the Tupelo, Mississippi area. The station is owned by Mike Brandt, through licensee Southern Broadcasting LLC.
History
The station was granted the WWMR calls on September 5, 2006. On August 27, 2008, WWMR signed on the air with a talk format as part of the Supertalk Mississippi talk radio network. On September 3, 2016, WWMR changed its format from talk to country, branded as "Outlaw 102.9". On December 25, 2017, WWMR changed its format from country to Top 40/CHR, branded as "Wild 102.9". On May 1, 2018, WWMR changed their format to Southern Gospel and branding themselves as 102.9 The Eagle.
On November 25, 2022, WWMR began stunting with Christmas music, branded as "Christmas 102.9", and a new format was expected to launch after the holiday season.
Previous logo
References
External links
WMR
Radio stations established in 2008
2008 establishments in Mississippi |
Westwick is a village in County Durham, in England. The population of the civil parish was less than 100. Details are maintained in the parish of Whorlton. It is situated to the east of Barnard Castle near the River Tees.
References
External links
Villages in County Durham |
Charles Joye "Cherry Nose" Gioe (February 6, 1904 – August 18, 1954) was a lieutenant in the Chicago Outfit criminal organization and a partner in the Hollywood extortion scandals of the 1940s.
Biography
Charles Joey Gioe was born on February 6, 1904. He became a high-ranking lieutenant for the Chicago Outfit, specializing in extortion and blackmail, under Frank Nitti after Al Capone's 1931 tax evasion conviction. In 1936, Gioe went to Des Moines, Iowa to expand syndicate operations. He eventually returned to Chicago, leaving underboss Louis "Cock-Eyed Louie" Fratto in control of the Des Moines operations. During the mid-1930s, Gioe, Paul "The Waiter" Ricca and Louis "Little New York" Campagna, began financially supporting extortion operations by Willie Morris Bioff and George Brown against Hollywood movie studios. In exchange for annual payoffs to the Outfit, the mob-controlled projectionist unions would refrain from labor strikes and disruptions.
In the late 1930s, the extortion racket was busted by law enforcement. On March 18, 1943 Gioe, Ricca, and Campagna were indicted for extortion; Bioff and Browne agreed to testify against them. On December 31, 1943, Gioe was convicted of extortion and sentenced to ten years in prison. Gioe was later paroled (along with the other syndicate members) in 1947, despite protests from Senator Estes Kefauver. Upon his release, Gioe became second to Ricca and Campagna as the top Chicago syndicate leader.
On August 18, 1954, Charles Gioe was shot to death by mafia soldiers controlled by Joseph "Joey" Glimco after he accidentally interfered in a dispute Glimco was having with a contractor building a Howard Johnson's restaurant.
See also
List of organized crime killings in Illinois
Notes
External links
Crime Magazine: The Guileless Gangster by Allan May
American Mafia.com: Charles “Cherry Nose” Gioe by Allen May
Find a Grave Memorial for Charles Gioe
1954 deaths
Chicago Outfit mobsters
Mafia extortionists
Murdered American gangsters of Italian descent
People murdered in Illinois
Male murder victims
Deaths by firearm in Illinois
1904 births |
Cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs) are a subset of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are produced from intergenic and intragenic regions. CUTs were first observed in S. cerevisiae yeast models and are found in most eukaryotes. Some basic characteristics of CUTs include a length of around 200–800 base pairs, a 5' cap, poly-adenylated tail, and rapid degradation due to the combined activity of poly-adenylating polymerases and exosome complexes. CUT transcription occurs through RNA Polymerase II and initiates from nucleosome-depleted regions, often in an antisense orientation. To date, CUTs have a relatively uncharacterized function but have been implicated in a number of putative gene regulation and silencing pathways. Thousands of loci leading to the generation of CUTs have been described in the yeast genome. Additionally, stable uncharacterized transcripts, or SUTs, have also been detected in cells and bear many similarities to CUTs but are not degraded through the same pathways.
Discovery and characterization
Regions of non-coding RNA were mapped in several early experiments examining S. cerevisiae using a tiling array approach, which indicated that a large amount of transcriptional activity could be attributed to the intergenic region of the genome. These detected transcripts are not readily observed in the mRNA population because they are rapidly targeted for degradation in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. However, CUTs can be examined in yeast mutants with compromised exosome enzyme capability, which allows for transcripts to accumulate and enables their study and characterization.
In 2009, the Steinmetz and Jacquier laboratories performed a series of high-resolution transcriptome maps, further characterizing the widespread distribution and location of non-coding transcripts within eukaryotes. CUTs were found to comprise around 13% of all mapped transcripts.
Degradation pathways
As CUTs cannot be observed at appreciable levels in wild-type S. cerevisiae, a large component of their early study has focused on their degradation. To date, two main pathways have been identified: the recruitment of a degrading exosome via the Nrd1-Nab3-Sen1 protein complex assisted by TRAMP, and termination due to the poly-adenylating capability of the Pap1p complex. In addition to these two main pathways, 5' processing enzymes such as Xrn1 have also been shown to participate in CUT degradation. Many of these findings were generated by observing Δrrp6 cells, a knock-out mutant for the exosome enzyme which has heightened levels of cryptic transcripts mapped to transgenic regions. In fact, deletion of the RRP6 subunit has served as one of the earliest and most frequently used methods for generating high concentrations of CUTs.
The Nrd1-Nab3-Sen1 and TRAMP pathway
Transcription of CUTs is terminated by the Nrd1-Nab3-Sen1 complex. Collectively, Nrd1 and Nab3 are proteins which bind to specific sequences (GUAA/G and UCUUG respectively) of RNA and Sen1 is helicase. Nrd1-Nab3-Sen1 recruit the nuclear exosome which contains the degrading RRP6 subunit. Assisting in the Nrd1-Nab3-Sen1 pathway as a co-factor is the TRAMP complex, which is responsible for poly-adenylating transcripts and marking them for degradation. The TRAMP complex was discovered in Δrrp6 cells, when a certain population of poly-adenylated CUTs were attributed to the activity of a novel yeast polymerase, Trf4p. Trf4p was found to associate in a Trf4p/trf5p-Air1p/Air2p-Mtr4 complex (a collective complex referred to as TRAMP: Trf-Air-Mtr4 Polyadenylation complex) which serves as an alternative Poly(A) polymerase to Pap1p within S. Cerevisiae.
Role of Xrn1
Cytoplasmic decay of unstable transcripts can also be attributed to the activity of decapping enzymes and Xrn1. Transcripts that enter the cytoplasm can be targeted by the Dcp1-Dcp2 complex which removes the 5' cap, allowing for the 5' to 3' exoribonuclease Xrn1 to degrade the transcript completely. The role of Dcp1-Dcp2 and Xrn1 in cytoplasmic decay has also been found to participate in the regulation of SUT levels.
Relation with bidirectional promoters
The transcription start sites of CUTs are located within nucleosome free, non-overlapping transcript pairs. These nucleosome free regions of the genome have been frequently correlated with the promoter regions of open reading frames and mRNA transcripts, indicating that a portion of CUTs are located within bidirectional promoters. Additionally, serial analysis of gene expression has demonstrated that the location of CUT 3' ends can be found in close proximity to the start features of ORFs in both sense and antisense configurations, indicating that the end of CUT sequences lay within the 5' promoter region of expressed proteins.
Sense CUTs have been largely found in promoters associated with glucose catabolism genes, while antisense CUTs have no specific associations and are found dispersed in promoters across the entire genome.
SUTs
Stable uncharacterized transcripts or stable unannotated transcripts (SUTs) share certain similar characteristics to CUTs – they can originate from the intergenic region, are non-coding transcripts, and undergo 5' to 3' cytoplasmic degradation. Like CUTs, SUT transcription start sites are also found at nucleosome free regions and are associated with the promoters of protein coding genes. However, SUTs can be observed in both Δrrp6 mutants and wild-type cells, indicating they are only partially degraded by the exosome and are able to escape the Nrd1-Nab3-Sen1 pathway. SUTs are primarily degraded instead by the combined activity of the decapping enzymes Dcp1, Dcp2 and the cytoplasmic exonuclease Xrn1.
One class of SUTs has been found to participate in the trans-silencing of a retrotransposon.
Interaction with histones
CUT repression
Within yeast models, it has been observed that the histone methyltransferase Set2 is critical for maintaining proper methylation at histone 3 lysine 36 (H3K36). Loss of Set2 function results in loss of H3K36 methylation and over-acetylation on histone H4, allowing for the expression of several short cryptic transcripts from the genes STE11 and FLO8. In this case, the loss of Set2 allows for the expression of exon-derived CUTs as opposed to intergenic-derived transcripts, showing the role that histones play in controlling intragenic-derived CUTs.
In the absence of the transcription elongation factors Spt6 and Spt16, nucleosomes distribute incorrectly across DNA, allowing for RNA polymerase II to access cryptic polymerase sites and erroneously transcribe CUTs. Spt6 is responsible for restoring normal chromatin structure following transcription from RNA polymerase II, and yeast cells with compromised Spt6 function have been found to produce an increased number of CUTs. For instance, RNA polymerase II has been observed to bind incorrectly to the interior initiation region of the FLO8 gene in spt6 mutants, allowing for cryptic transcription to occur due to an erroneous nucleosome distribution.
Histone eviction/recruitment through CUTs
A cryptic transcript located at the promoter of PHO5 that is detectable in Δrrp6 mutants is responsible for increasing the speed of promoter remodeling. Knock-out mutants without the ability to transcribe the CUT have about half the rate of histone eviction from the PHO5 promoter compared to wild-type cells, implying that the CUT is responsible for mediating the accessibility of the PHO5 promoter to RNA Polymerase II.
It has also been observed in S. cerevisiae that Δrrp6 and Δtrf4 mutants have repressed transcription of the gene PHO84. Δrrp6 and Δtrf4 cells have stabilized levels of PHO84 antisense transcripts, which serve to recruit the Hda1/2/3 histone deacetylase complex to the PHO84 gene, effectively silencing transcription and expression through histone deacetylation. In Δrrp6 cells, Hda1 associates with the promoter or coding regions of PHO84 up to five times more often than in wild-type counterparts. Additionally, histone deacetylation activity occurs specifically at the region of PHO84 and Hda1 overlap on histone 3 lysine 18 (H3K18), indicating that the CUT is responsible for recruiting the histone deacetylase. Along with antisense TY1 transcripts, PHO84 antisense transcripts can serve a potential regulatory function in S. Cerevisiae.
PROMPTs
Promoter upstream transcripts (PROMPTs) are found around 1–1.5 kb upstream of human transcription start sites in nongenic regions. Like CUTs, PROMPTs are a form of noncoding RNAs that become detectable in the absence of a degrading exosome enzyme. PROMPTs were first identified in siRNA-silenced hRrp40 human cells, where hRrp40 serves as a core subunit of the human exoribonucleolytic exosome. PROMPT-encoding regions have been found to produce sense and antisense transcripts, both of which are equally targeted by the exosome.
In terms of function, ncRNAs with putative regulatory functions have been located to potential PROMPT regions. As a large portion of the human genome has been shown to be transcribed, the existence of PROMPTs helps explain a portion of the non-coding transcripts that are still generated.
Function
Although an endogenous RNA interference pathway does not exist within S. cerevisiae, CUTs and SUTs may serve a comparable function. There has been an observed similarity between the suppression of the transposable element TY1 in yeast and small interfering RNA activity within plants. In XRN1 mutants, TY1 transcripts decrease in number and TY1 antisense transcripts increase. These antisense TY1 transcripts reduce TY1 transposition activity in a trans manner and mitigates its expression, indicating a potential role for CUTs and SUTs in epigenetics. Similarly, expression of the ncRNA SRG1 in S. Cerevisiae represses the transcriptional activity of the SER3 phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase gene.
The rapidly degraded antisense transcripts of the gene PHO84 have also been shown to recruit the histone deacetylase Hda1 to the PHO84 gene, effectively suppressing PHO84 expression.
See also
Non-coding RNA
References
RNA |
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Goa Suraksha Manch is a political party in Goa a political outfit of the Bharatiya Bhasha Suraksha Manch which was launched by Subhash Velingkar, a rebel Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh leader. The party was formed on 2 October 2016.
The main aim of the party is to promote Konkani and Marathi in schools and the withdrawal of grants to English medium schools. The party's symbol is a blackboard.
Its inaugural president is Anand Shirodkar. Swati Kerkar and Kiran Nayak were appointed vice-presidents of the party but Subhash Velingkar neither held any post nor will contest any elections. The party is contesting the 2017 Goa Legislative Assembly election.
History
Shashikala Kakodkar was the Education Minister in the Progressive Democratic Party Government led by Dr. Luis Proto Barbosa. Kakodkar's policy of providing government grants to primary (Class I to IV) schools in Goa mandated that grants would be allotted only to schools imparting primary level education in Konkani or Marathi. The policy would be implemented from June 1990. Kakodkar managed to convince the then Chief Minister of Goa Dr. Luis Proto Barbosa and the Official Language Minister Churchill Alemao who too supported the decision. As a consequence of Kakodkar's policy, many primary schools changed their medium of instruction to Konkani or Marathi from English. 130 primary schools operated by the Church's Diocesan Society of Education overnight changed their medium of instruction from English to Konkani. Kakodkar also decided not to permit the establishment of any new primary schools imparting education in English, but this policy was not adhered to by the subsequent governments. This led to the mushrooming of several unaided primary schools in Goa which imparted education in English language. The number of English medium primary schools increased from 26 in 1991 to 144 in 2011.
After the liberation of Goa on 19 December 1961, there was a migration of many Indians from other states to Goa. This led to the establishment of several primary schools imparting education in other Indian languages including Kannada, Telugu, Hindi and Urdu. However, Urdu schools in Goa existed since the Portuguese regime.
Since primary education in English was widely considered as superior, there was also a demand from parents to provide grants to primary level English schools too. The then government headed by Digambar Kamat permitted 135 primary schools to change their medium of instruction to English overnight. This was opposed by many including the opposition led by Manohar Parrikar. The Bharatiya Bhasha Suraksha Manch - Forum For Protection Of Indian Languages was established to oppose the decision of the Digambar Kamat-led government. Manohar Parrikar also participated in the protests organised by the Bharatiya Bhasha Suraksha Manch. The organisation was formed with a view to press the government to adhere to the Kakodkar policy of providing grants only to primary schools imparting primary education in Indian languages only. The debate over the issue of medium of instruction became a bone of contention in the 2012 Goa Legislative Assembly election.
While the Bharatiya Bhasha Suraksha Manch campaigned against grants to primary-level English schools, an organisation called Forum for Rights of Children to Education (FORCE) campaigned for grants to primary-level English schools. During the campaigning for the 2012 Goa Legislative Assembly election, the Bharatiya Janata Party-Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party alliance supported the movement carried out by the Bharatiya Bhasha Suraksha Manch. The Bharatiya Janata Party-Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party alliance emerged victorious in the 2012 Goa Legislative Assembly election with the support of the Bharatiya Bhasha Suraksha Manch.
After becoming the Chief Minister of Goa in 2012,Manohar Parrikar continued the policy of the Digambar Kamat-led government. Parrikar stated that it was not feasible to stop grants to those English medium primary schools which had received grants during the Digambar Kamat regime because administrative and technical reasons. Parrikar blamed the Digambar Kamat regime for the problem and issued a notification stating that henceforth, only those primary schools providing education in Konkani and Marathi languages would receive grants. Parrikar also announced certain sops for primary schools providing education in Konkani and Marathi languages
The Bharatiya Bhasha Suraksha Manch protested against this and alleged Manohar Parrikar of having taken a U-turn. The Bharatiya Bhasha Suraksha Manch decided to form a political party to contest the 2017 Goa Legislative Assembly election over the medium of instruction issue. Subhash Velingkar was subsequently dropped from the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh as the Goa chief due to his decision to float a political party and Laxman Behre was appointed in his place. 400 volunteers of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh resigned in protest and a Goa Prant of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh was formed under the leadership of Velingkar.
The Goa Suraksha Manch was subsequently established on 2 October 2016.
Electoral politics
The Goa Suraksha Manch allied with the Shiv Sena, Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party and the Goa Praja Party to contest the 2017 Goa Legislative Assembly election. The alliance contested in 33 out of the total 40 constituencies.
Several politicians such as Shyam Satardekar and Dr. Suresh Amonkar who were earlier a part of the Indian National Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party respectively joined the Goa Suraksha Manch and were also declared subsequently as the party's candidates.
References
Regionalist parties in India
Political parties in Goa
Political parties established in 2016
2016 establishments in Goa
Organisations based in Goa
Registered unrecognised political parties in India
Indian Hindu political parties |
Sheldon Bateau (born 29 January 1991) is a Trinidadian professional footballer who plays as a central defender for Belgian club Beveren. Bateau also represents the Trinidad and Tobago national team.
Bateau began his professional football career in 2009, at the age of 18, with San Juan Jabloteh in his native Trinidad and Tobago. After three seasons with the San Juan Kings, Bateau made a switch to fellow Pro League club North East Stars. However, Bateau later made a transfer after one month to K.V. Mechelen of the Belgian Pro League prior to the 2012–13 season.
Club career
Early career
Bateau spent his early career in his native Trinidad and Tobago with San Juan Jabloteh of the TT Pro League. In his three seasons with the San Juan Kings, Bateau appeared in 16 matches and scored four goals. However, after the club dissolved due to financial difficulties following the 2011–12 season, Bateau switched to North East Stars. In August 2012, before playing a match for his new club, Bateau received a trial with FC Twente of the Eredivisie. Since Bateau is not a European Union player, his salary became a block for a transfer to the Eredivisie club.
KV Mechelen
On 13 September 2012, Bateau signed a one-year contract with an option for two additional years with K.V. Mechelen of the Belgian Pro League. Sheldon made his league debut on 6 October coming on as a substitute in the 59th minute in a 0–2 defeat to Kortrijk. On 31 October, Sheldon made his first start for the club against OH Leuven that resulted in a 1–3 loss. Afterwards, Bateau solidified a place in the starting line-up as a centre back and appeared in 11 league matches, including five consecutive starts, prior to the 2012–13 winter break. His consistent form resulted in Sheldon signing a two-year contract extension, on 18 January 2013, keeping him at Mechelen until the end of the 2014–15 season. On 27 April, Bateau scored his first two league goals during a play-off match against Waasland-Beveren that provided his club a vital 2–0 win. Bateau concluded his first season in Belgium with 22 league appearances and two goals.
Sheldon started the 2013–14 season as a regular in defence for Mechelen.
Kairat
On 27 June 2017, Bateau signed for Kazakhstan Premier League side FC Kairat on loan for the remainder of Kairat's 2017 season. On 29 December 2017, Krylia Sovetov Samara announced that they had agreed to extend Bateau's loan to Kairat for an additional year.
Sarpsborg 08
On 14 February 2019, Sarpsborg 08 announced that they had signed Bateau for the 2019 season.
Samsunspor
On 9 January 2022, Bateau signed a 2.5-year contract with Samsunspor in Turkey.
SK Beveren
On 12 August 2022, Bateau joined Beveren on a one-year loan. He made his debut on the next day against Beerschot, coming off in the 75th minute for Derrick Tshimanga. On 21 July 2023, he moved to Beveren on a permanent basis and signed a two-year contract.
International career
Bateau has been capped at under-17, under-20, under-23 Olympic team, and the Trinidad and Tobago national team.
Bateau made his debut for the Trinidad and Tobago national team on 6 February 2013 in a match against Peru playing the entire match which ended in a 0–2 loss for the Soca Warriors. On 5 September, Bateau made a substitute appearance in a 3–3 draw against the United Arab Emirates. In the following match, Bateau started and led the Soca Warriors to a 3–1 win over Saudi Arabia to claim third place in the 2013 OSN Cup. Sheldon continued as a starter in Stephen Hart's back-line during the next two international matches against New Zealand and Jamaica.
On 4 June 2014, Bateau started in a 3–0 loss during a send-off series match for Argentina at Estadio Monumental prior to the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Four days later, Bateau made an additional start in centre defence before being replaced by Gavin Hoyte in the 72nd minute for the Soca Warriors in a 2–0 loss to Iran in Arena Corinthians.
Career statistics
Club
International
Updated 25 March 2021
International goals
Scores and results list Trinidad and Tobago's goal tally first.
References
Further reading
External links
1991 births
Footballers from Port of Spain
Living people
Men's association football central defenders
Trinidad and Tobago men's footballers
Trinidad and Tobago expatriate men's footballers
Trinidad and Tobago men's international footballers
Trinidad and Tobago men's youth international footballers
Trinidad and Tobago men's under-20 international footballers
San Juan Jabloteh F.C. players
K.V. Mechelen players
PFC Krylia Sovetov Samara players
FC Kairat players
Sarpsborg 08 FF players
Samsunspor footballers
S.K. Beveren players
TT Pro League players
Belgian Pro League players
Russian Premier League players
Kazakhstan Premier League players
Eliteserien players
TFF First League players
Challenger Pro League players
2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2023 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Expatriate men's footballers in Kazakhstan
Expatriate men's footballers in Norway
Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey
Trinidad and Tobago expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Trinidad and Tobago expatriate sportspeople in Russia
Trinidad and Tobago expatriate sportspeople in Kazakhstan
Trinidad and Tobago expatriate sportspeople in Norway
Trinidad and Tobago expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
People educated at Fatima College |
The Aylesford Press was a book publishing company based in Upton, Cheshire, England.
References
Book publishing companies of England
Companies based in Chester |
Neustift im Mühlkreis is a municipality in the district of Rohrbach in the Austrian state of Upper Austria.
Population
References
Cities and towns in Rohrbach District |
Langfjordjøkelen () is a glacier that is located in Troms og Finnmark county in Norway, making it one of the northernmost glaciers on the mainland of Norway. The glacier is located on the border of Loppa Municipality and Kvænangen Municipality. The highest point on the glacier reaches above sea level.
Between publication of maps in 1976 and 2012, the snout of the Langfjordjokelen is shown to have retreated by approximately . The glacier is currently being studied by glaciologists as the snout is retreating faster than any other glacier in Europe.
References
External links
Glaciers of Troms og Finnmark
Loppa
Kvænangen |
Victor Hugo Quintana (born November 25, 1936) is a retired distinguished professor emeritus from the University of Waterloo.
Career
Victor Hugo Quintana graduated from the Federico Santa María Technical University in 1959 with Dipl. Ing. degree. He graduated from the Electrical Engineering program at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, in 1965 with a M.Sc. degree where he developed the Y-Transform. He graduated from the University of Toronto in 1970 with a Ph.D. degree focused on numerical methods for solving optimal control problems.
He was on faculty with the University of Waterloo, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, from 1973 until 2002 and was part of the Power and Energy Systems Group.
His research interests focused on numerical optimization techniques, state estimation, control theory, power transmission lines, economics markets, and de-regulated power systems. He has published over 100 scientific journal papers and has over 3,200 citations. He has given invited lectures and short courses in Australia, Brazil, Belgium, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Egypt, Mexico, Trinidad and Tobago, Spain, and the United States of America.
Honors
Victor Hugo Quintana, Ph.D., was elected by the Institute of Electric and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) as a Fellow on January 1, 2001, for his research contributions to power system optimization techniques and power engineering education. He was recognized as a “distinguished professor emeritus” by the University of Waterloo on June 17, 2011.
Personal life
Victor Hugo Quintana was in Temuco, Chile, and raised in Pucon, Chile, located in the Province of Cautín, Araucanía Region.
He married Mone Quintana in Santiago, Chile, in 1960. They had two sons, Victor Hugo Quintana, who graduated with a B.Sc. in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Waterloo, and Yuri Quintana, who also graduated with a B.Sc. in Electrical and Computer Engineering and a Ph.D. in Systems Design Engineering, both from the University of Waterloo. Yuri Quintana is a University of Waterloo Global Ambassador and is a faculty member at Harvard Medical School and the Chief of the Division of Clinical Informatics at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.
See also
List of University of Waterloo people
References
External links
Victor Hugo Quintana UW faculty page
Academic staff of the University of Waterloo
Living people
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
University of Toronto alumni
1936 births
Federico Santa María Technical University alumni
Chilean engineers
Canadian electrical engineers
American electrical engineers |
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<h4 class="subsection">11.8.16 <code>GIMPLE_OMP_FOR</code></h4>
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bGIMPLE_005fOMP_005fFOR_007d-2346"></a>
<div class="defun">
— GIMPLE function: gomp_for <b>*gimple_build_omp_for</b> (<var>gimple_seq body, tree clauses, tree index, tree initial, tree final, tree incr, gimple_seq pre_body, enum tree_code omp_for_cond</var>)<var><a name="index-g_t_002agimple_005fbuild_005fomp_005ffor-2347"></a></var><br>
<blockquote><p>Build a <code>GIMPLE_OMP_FOR</code> statement. <code>BODY</code> is sequence of statements
inside the for loop. <code>CLAUSES</code>, are any of the loop
construct's clauses. <code>PRE_BODY</code> is the
sequence of statements that are loop invariant. <code>INDEX</code> is the
index variable. <code>INITIAL</code> is the initial value of <code>INDEX</code>. <code>FINAL</code> is
final value of <code>INDEX</code>. OMP_FOR_COND is the predicate used to
compare <code>INDEX</code> and <code>FINAL</code>. <code>INCR</code> is the increment expression.
</p></blockquote></div>
<div class="defun">
— GIMPLE function: tree <b>gimple_omp_for_clauses</b> (<var>gimple g</var>)<var><a name="index-gimple_005fomp_005ffor_005fclauses-2348"></a></var><br>
<blockquote><p>Return the clauses associated with <code>OMP_FOR</code> <code>G</code>.
</p></blockquote></div>
<div class="defun">
— GIMPLE function: tree * <b>gimple_omp_for_clauses_ptr</b> (<var>gimple g</var>)<var><a name="index-gimple_005fomp_005ffor_005fclauses_005fptr-2349"></a></var><br>
<blockquote><p>Return a pointer to the <code>OMP_FOR</code> <code>G</code>.
</p></blockquote></div>
<div class="defun">
— GIMPLE function: void <b>gimple_omp_for_set_clauses</b> (<var>gimple g, tree clauses</var>)<var><a name="index-gimple_005fomp_005ffor_005fset_005fclauses-2350"></a></var><br>
<blockquote><p>Set <code>CLAUSES</code> to be the list of clauses associated with <code>OMP_FOR</code> <code>G</code>.
</p></blockquote></div>
<div class="defun">
— GIMPLE function: tree <b>gimple_omp_for_index</b> (<var>gimple g</var>)<var><a name="index-gimple_005fomp_005ffor_005findex-2351"></a></var><br>
<blockquote><p>Return the index variable for <code>OMP_FOR</code> <code>G</code>.
</p></blockquote></div>
<div class="defun">
— GIMPLE function: tree * <b>gimple_omp_for_index_ptr</b> (<var>gimple g</var>)<var><a name="index-gimple_005fomp_005ffor_005findex_005fptr-2352"></a></var><br>
<blockquote><p>Return a pointer to the index variable for <code>OMP_FOR</code> <code>G</code>.
</p></blockquote></div>
<div class="defun">
— GIMPLE function: void <b>gimple_omp_for_set_index</b> (<var>gimple g, tree index</var>)<var><a name="index-gimple_005fomp_005ffor_005fset_005findex-2353"></a></var><br>
<blockquote><p>Set <code>INDEX</code> to be the index variable for <code>OMP_FOR</code> <code>G</code>.
</p></blockquote></div>
<div class="defun">
— GIMPLE function: tree <b>gimple_omp_for_initial</b> (<var>gimple g</var>)<var><a name="index-gimple_005fomp_005ffor_005finitial-2354"></a></var><br>
<blockquote><p>Return the initial value for <code>OMP_FOR</code> <code>G</code>.
</p></blockquote></div>
<div class="defun">
— GIMPLE function: tree * <b>gimple_omp_for_initial_ptr</b> (<var>gimple g</var>)<var><a name="index-gimple_005fomp_005ffor_005finitial_005fptr-2355"></a></var><br>
<blockquote><p>Return a pointer to the initial value for <code>OMP_FOR</code> <code>G</code>.
</p></blockquote></div>
<div class="defun">
— GIMPLE function: void <b>gimple_omp_for_set_initial</b> (<var>gimple g, tree initial</var>)<var><a name="index-gimple_005fomp_005ffor_005fset_005finitial-2356"></a></var><br>
<blockquote><p>Set <code>INITIAL</code> to be the initial value for <code>OMP_FOR</code> <code>G</code>.
</p></blockquote></div>
<div class="defun">
— GIMPLE function: tree <b>gimple_omp_for_final</b> (<var>gimple g</var>)<var><a name="index-gimple_005fomp_005ffor_005ffinal-2357"></a></var><br>
<blockquote><p>Return the final value for <code>OMP_FOR</code> <code>G</code>.
</p></blockquote></div>
<div class="defun">
— GIMPLE function: tree * <b>gimple_omp_for_final_ptr</b> (<var>gimple g</var>)<var><a name="index-gimple_005fomp_005ffor_005ffinal_005fptr-2358"></a></var><br>
<blockquote><p>turn a pointer to the final value for <code>OMP_FOR</code> <code>G</code>.
</p></blockquote></div>
<div class="defun">
— GIMPLE function: void <b>gimple_omp_for_set_final</b> (<var>gimple g, tree final</var>)<var><a name="index-gimple_005fomp_005ffor_005fset_005ffinal-2359"></a></var><br>
<blockquote><p>Set <code>FINAL</code> to be the final value for <code>OMP_FOR</code> <code>G</code>.
</p></blockquote></div>
<div class="defun">
— GIMPLE function: tree <b>gimple_omp_for_incr</b> (<var>gimple g</var>)<var><a name="index-gimple_005fomp_005ffor_005fincr-2360"></a></var><br>
<blockquote><p>Return the increment value for <code>OMP_FOR</code> <code>G</code>.
</p></blockquote></div>
<div class="defun">
— GIMPLE function: tree * <b>gimple_omp_for_incr_ptr</b> (<var>gimple g</var>)<var><a name="index-gimple_005fomp_005ffor_005fincr_005fptr-2361"></a></var><br>
<blockquote><p>Return a pointer to the increment value for <code>OMP_FOR</code> <code>G</code>.
</p></blockquote></div>
<div class="defun">
— GIMPLE function: void <b>gimple_omp_for_set_incr</b> (<var>gimple g, tree incr</var>)<var><a name="index-gimple_005fomp_005ffor_005fset_005fincr-2362"></a></var><br>
<blockquote><p>Set <code>INCR</code> to be the increment value for <code>OMP_FOR</code> <code>G</code>.
</p></blockquote></div>
<div class="defun">
— GIMPLE function: gimple_seq <b>gimple_omp_for_pre_body</b> (<var>gimple g</var>)<var><a name="index-gimple_005fomp_005ffor_005fpre_005fbody-2363"></a></var><br>
<blockquote><p>Return the sequence of statements to execute before the <code>OMP_FOR</code>
statement <code>G</code> starts.
</p></blockquote></div>
<div class="defun">
— GIMPLE function: void <b>gimple_omp_for_set_pre_body</b> (<var>gimple g, gimple_seq pre_body</var>)<var><a name="index-gimple_005fomp_005ffor_005fset_005fpre_005fbody-2364"></a></var><br>
<blockquote><p>Set <code>PRE_BODY</code> to be the sequence of statements to execute before
the <code>OMP_FOR</code> statement <code>G</code> starts.
</p></blockquote></div>
<div class="defun">
— GIMPLE function: void <b>gimple_omp_for_set_cond</b> (<var>gimple g, enum tree_code cond</var>)<var><a name="index-gimple_005fomp_005ffor_005fset_005fcond-2365"></a></var><br>
<blockquote><p>Set <code>COND</code> to be the condition code for <code>OMP_FOR</code> <code>G</code>.
</p></blockquote></div>
<div class="defun">
— GIMPLE function: enum tree_code <b>gimple_omp_for_cond</b> (<var>gimple g</var>)<var><a name="index-gimple_005fomp_005ffor_005fcond-2366"></a></var><br>
<blockquote><p>Return the condition code associated with <code>OMP_FOR</code> <code>G</code>.
</p></blockquote></div>
</body></html>
``` |
In geometry, the hexaoctagonal tiling is a uniform tiling of the hyperbolic plane.
Constructions
There are four uniform constructions of this tiling, three of them as constructed by mirror removal from the [8,6] kaleidoscope. Removing the mirror between the order 2 and 4 points, [8,6,1+], gives [(8,8,3)], (*883). Removing the mirror between the order 2 and 8 points, [1+,8,6], gives [(4,6,6)], (*664). Removing two mirrors as [8,1+,6,1+], leaves remaining mirrors (*4343).
Symmetry
The dual tiling has face configuration V6.8.6.8, and represents the fundamental domains of a quadrilateral kaleidoscope, orbifold (*4343), shown here. Adding a 2-fold gyration point at the center of each rhombi defines a (2*43) orbifold. These are subsymmetries of [8,6].
Related polyhedra and tiling
See also
Square tiling
Tilings of regular polygons
List of uniform planar tilings
List of regular polytopes
References
John H. Conway, Heidi Burgiel, Chaim Goodman-Strass, The Symmetries of Things 2008, (Chapter 19, The Hyperbolic Archimedean Tessellations)
External links
Hyperbolic and Spherical Tiling Gallery
KaleidoTile 3: Educational software to create spherical, planar and hyperbolic tilings
Hyperbolic Planar Tessellations, Don Hatch
Hyperbolic tilings
Isogonal tilings
Isotoxal tilings
Uniform tilings |
Bake Fishing Lakes (); also known as Bake Lakes, Bake Farm Lakes or Bake Pools; is the name for a group of lakes at Bake Farm, near Trerulefoot, Cornwall, England, UK.
There are seven lakes in total; they are used for angling, and are stocked with a variety of fish species.
The site is known among dragonfly enthusiasts as one of the first sites in Britain where the Lesser Emperor was recorded as breeding, in 1999 (Pellow 2000).
References
Pellow, Keith (2000) Lesser Emperor Dragonfly Anax parthenope (Selys) breeding in Cornwall Atropos; No. 9, pp. 28–29
External links
Bake Lakes
Lakes of Cornwall |
The Dunka River is a river of Minnesota.
See also
List of rivers of Minnesota
References
Minnesota Watersheds
USGS Hydrologic Unit Map - State of Minnesota (1974)
Rivers of Minnesota |
```kotlin
package de.westnordost.streetcomplete.data.user.achievements
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.data.ApplicationDbTestCase
import kotlin.test.BeforeTest
import kotlin.test.Test
import kotlin.test.assertEquals
class UserLinksDaoTest : ApplicationDbTestCase() {
private lateinit var dao: UserLinksDao
@BeforeTest fun createDao() {
dao = UserLinksDao(database)
}
@Test fun putGetAll() {
dao.add(ONE)
dao.add(ONE)
dao.add(TWO)
assertEquals(listOf(ONE, TWO), dao.getAll())
}
@Test fun addAll() {
dao.add(ONE)
dao.addAll(listOf(ONE, TWO, THREE))
assertEquals(listOf(ONE, TWO, THREE), dao.getAll())
}
}
private const val ONE = "one"
private const val TWO = "two"
private const val THREE = "three"
``` |
Saptapadi () is a 1981 Indian Telugu-language drama film written and directed by K. Viswanath. Upon release, the film received widely positive reviews and fetched the National Film Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration, four state Nandi Awards, and the Filmfare Award for Best Telugu film. The film was featured retrospectively at the AISFM film festival. In 1984 Viswanath directed the Hindi version Jaag Utha Insan.
Premise
The film is not only about the seven steps that one takes to become a part of the institution of marriage and a ritualistic exercise that completes the act of shedding the bachelorhood and entering a more stable state but talks about an individual's journey breaking away from the shackles from the conservatism to finding a path of understanding, encompassing and enlightenment.
Plot
Saptapadi deals with the transformation of an individual so devoted to (mired in) the concept of rituals, that it takes an act of God (will be discussed shortly) for him to realize the true spirit behind the rituals and true meaning of the prayers. Yajulu is a man of great conviction. According to him rules and customs, that have been passed down generations thus standing the test of the time, are there for a reason and hence are immutable; traditions are trademarks of culture and customs, its signature. He does not mind losing his daughter for his principles.
He is well into his twilight years which give him even more reason to not mend his ways. In his footsteps follows his Gaurinadha (grandchild from his son), gearing up to be head of a priest at the local temple. Yajulu's will prevails over Hema's (grandchild from his daughter) wish and Gauri and Hema end up being married. However, Hema is secretly in love with a flutist, who is not of her caste. The brilliance of Viswanath comes full fore at this point, when on the first night, Gauri witnesses Durga Devi in Hema, and walks out of the room completely shaken up. Gaurinadha, being an ardent devotee of the Devi, realizes that his wife is in love with another man, hence she is like a mother to him, nothing more, nothing less. This act of God triggers Yajulu's thought process to seriously question, for the first time in his life, the validity of his position on matters that involve caste, creed and religion, justifying the steps that Yajulu takes one a time, from the first one in trying to understand Hema's real interests till the last one when he sees her off with her love interest on the boat.
Cast
J. V. Somayajulu as Yajulu
Allu Ramalingayya as Raju
J. V. Ramana Murthy as Avadhani, Yajulu's son
Dubbing Janaki as Annapurna, Avadhani's wife
Ravikanth as Gowrinatha Sastry, Yajulu's grandson
Bhamidipati Sabita as Hema
Girish Pradhaan as Haribabu
Jhansi as Katyayani
Prameela Rani as Karuna
Sivaparvathi as Raju's daughter
Sakshi Ranga Rao as Chayanulu
Soundtrack
Awards
|-
| 1981
| K. Viswanath B. Bucchireddy
| National Film Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration
|
|-
| 1981
| K. Viswanath
| Nandi Award for Best Screenplay Writer
|
|-
| 1981
| G. G. Krishna rao
| Nandi Award for Best Editor
|
|-
| 1981
| Kasthuri
| Nandi Award for Best Cinematographer
|
|-
| 1981
| S. Janaki
| Nandi Award for Best Female Playback Singer
|
|-
| 1981
| Bucchireddy
| Filmfare Award for Best Film – Telugu
|
|-
|}
References
External links
1981 films
Indian romantic drama films
1980s Telugu-language films
Films directed by K. Viswanath
1980s feminist films
Films scored by K. V. Mahadevan
Films about Indian slavery
Films about women in India
Social realism in film
Indian feminist films
Films about Indian weddings
Indian nonlinear narrative films
Films about the caste system in India
Films shot in Vijayawada
Telugu films remade in other languages
Best Film on National Integration National Film Award winners
1981 romantic drama films |
Mumbai is a 2017 Indian Kannada-language film directed by S. R. Ramesh and starring Krishna and Teju. The film follows a cashier who becomes a gangster in Mumbai.
Cast
Production
Teju, who previously starred in Chingari (2012), made her lead debut with this film. The film finished shooting in November of 2016.
Soundtrack
The music was composed by Sridhar Sambram.
Reception
A critic from Bangalore Mirror wrote that "Mumbai is a film made without inspiration and does not leave a good impression". A critic from The New Indian Express wrote that "The film is not for those who are looking for a heartwarming tale, but for audiences who are excited by a hero who gets a slow build up and demands undivided attention when he is in full swing". A critic from The Times of India wrote that "Watch Mumbai if you like your dose of old school commercial cinema, but be warned that the film seems rather long and can test your patience".
References
External links
2017 films
Kannada cinema |
Joseph Bernard Chambers (12 March 1859–22 May 1931) was a New Zealand sheepfarmer, viticulturist and wine-maker. He was born in Te Mata, near Havelock North, Hawke's Bay, New Zealand on 12 March 1859.
References
1859 births
1931 deaths
19th-century New Zealand farmers
New Zealand winemakers
Viticulturists
Colony of New Zealand people |
Palazzo Castiglioni is a historical mansion in the heart of the mountain top town of Cingoli, near Macerata, in the Marche, central Italy.
History
Palazzo Castiglioni was purchased in 1599 by Bernardo Castiglioni who had been exiled from Milan. He was the first of the Marche branch of the family, who in the following centuries increased in power and prestige, becoming active participants in the towns life.
The most important members of the family are pope Urban II of the Burgundy branch (1093), pope Celestine IV (1241), Baldassarre Castiglioni (1478–1529) and finally Francesco Saverio Castiglioni who reigned as Pope for a short period and whom the current Marquis is named after. As Pope he took the name Pius VIII in memory of Pius V, an ancestor of his mother. It is the residence of a descendant of the family, the Francesco Saverio Castiglioni, who claims the title of Marquis.
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20080310013432/http://www.ilpalazzocastiglioni.com/
Castiglioni |
Ilaló is a volcano (eroded and no longer active) between San Pedro River to the west and Chiche River to the east, in Quito Canton, Pichincha Province, Ecuador. Ilaló is surrounded by the rural parishes Cumbayá, Tumbaco, La Merced and Alangasí.
A song was dedicated to the ex volcano by Chancha Via Circuito titled "Ilaló"
Hills of Ecuador
Quito Canton
Volcanoes of Ecuador
Geography of Pichincha Province |
Chang Show-foong (; born 29 March 1941) is a Taiwanese environmentalist, writer, and politician. She was elected to the Legislative Yuan in 2012 and served until her resignation in March 2013.
Education and literary career
Chang is a native of Jinhua, and moved to Taiwan in 1949. She studied Chinese literature at Soochow University, graduating in 1962. She has taught at her alma mater, and also at Hong Kong Baptist Theological Seminary and National Yang-Ming University. Most of her works incorporate historical events as allegories to modern times.
Activism
Chang made her opposition to the construction of a biotechnology park in Nangang District, Taipei known in 2010, having described the area as "Taipei's last piece of green land." Her advocacy featured direct visits to the site, where she favored the retention of the area's natural wetlands as "Taipei's Central Park." Chang also supported the maintenance of Pingtung County's Alangyi Trail. She has compared substandard care of public greenery to foot binding.
Political career
She was named to the Legislative Yuan via the proportional representation party list system as a representative of the People First Party. As a legislator, Chang continued supporting a wide range of green causes. In March 2012, she proposed that the government provide aid to single women, advising Taiwanese men against transnational marriage, calling the practice a "strange habit." Chang's comments drew criticism from multiple civic groups. She resigned from the legislature on 15 March 2013.
References
1941 births
Living people
Taiwanese women novelists
Taiwanese environmentalists
Taiwanese people from Zhejiang
Republic of China politicians from Zhejiang
Party List Members of the Legislative Yuan
People First Party Members of the Legislative Yuan
Members of the 8th Legislative Yuan
21st-century Taiwanese women politicians
Soochow University (Taiwan) alumni
Academic staff of Soochow University (Taiwan)
Taiwanese dramatists and playwrights
Educators from Jinhua
Politicians from Jinhua
Writers from Jinhua
Taiwanese women academics
Chinese women short story writers
Taiwanese women short story writers
20th-century Taiwanese short story writers
20th-century Taiwanese writers
20th-century Taiwanese women writers
21st-century Taiwanese writers
21st-century Taiwanese women writers
20th-century Chinese short story writers
Short story writers from Zhejiang
Taiwanese women environmentalists |
Lieutenant Colonel Nicolás Gutiérrez was twice acting governor of the northern part of Las Californias (what had previously been Alta California) in 1836, from January to May and July to November.
Gutiérrez served two short terms as acting governor of Las Californias in 1836, during a very turbulent period in the history of Mexican California. The Siete Leyes reforms to Mexico's government had combined the two territories of Alta California and Baja California into a single departamento under the pre-1804 Spanish-era name of Las Californias. His term began on 2 January 1836, succeeding acting (ad interim) governor José Castro, and Gutiérrez served as governor ad interim until the arrival of official appointee Mariano Chico. Chico, however, was dismissed for abandoning his post, and Gutiérrez returned to the job in July.
Gutierrez himself was ousted in a coup led by Californios Juan Bautista Alvarado and José Castro, assisted by a group of foreigners led by Isaac Graham, on 5 November 1836.
The battle was short and surrender was secured after the firing of just one artillery round at the governor's residence in Monterey. Gutierrez and his cadre of officers were detained at Cabo San Lucas on the English brig Clementine before returning to Mexico.
References
Further reading
Californios
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Governors of Mexican California |
Propaganda for Japanese-American internment is a form of propaganda created between 1941 and 1944 within the United States that focused on the relocation of Japanese Americans from the West Coast to internment camps during World War II. Several types of media were used to reach the American people such as motion pictures and newspaper articles. The significance of this propaganda was to project the relocation of Japanese Americans as matter of national security, although according to a federal commission created by President Jimmy Carter in 1980:
The promulgation of Executive Order 9066 was not justified by military necessity, and the decisions that followed from it – detention, ending detention and ending exclusion – were not driven by analysis of military conditions. The broad historical causes which shaped these decisions were race prejudice, war hysteria and a failure of political leadership.
History
After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, American attitudes towards people of Japanese ancestry indicated a strong sense of racism. This sentiment became further intensified by the media of the time, which played upon issues of racism on the West Coast, the social fear of the Japanese people, and citizen-influenced farming conflicts with the Japanese people. This, along with the attitude of the leaders of the Western Defense Command and the lack of perseverance by the Justice Department to protect the civil rights of Japanese Americans led to the successful relocation of both native and foreign born Japanese.
On February 19, 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, which recognized specific strategic sites on the United States West Coast as off-limits to people of Japanese descent. This order gave members of the military the authority to remove Japanese people from the area if their presence there was deemed too close to the strategic installations. In April 1942, Exclusion Order 346 was issued to force the Japanese American citizens to live in assembly centers which were located in various open spaces such as fairgrounds and tracks. By the fall of 1942, the Japanese people had been evacuated out of the West Coast and into inland internment camps built by the United States government to hold over 80,000 evacuees. Propaganda in favor of Japanese-American internment was produced by both the government and local citizens through mediums such as movies and print.
Films
As a common form of entertainment for many Americans, motion pictures portrayed a positive image of relocation to non-Japanese movie-goers. Produced by the United States War Relocation Authority, such movies as A Challenge to Democracy (1944) and Japanese Relocation (1943), depicted the internment camps in a positive light and showed the Japanese people as happy and content, benefiting from their new life in the internment camps. To accomplish this, these government-issued propaganda films touched on common positive themes, such as:
ensuring the safety of internee property
providing Japanese-Americans with greater opportunities, such as education, employment, internal government, and religion
cooperation of the internees with the local authorities and federal government
language comparing the relocated people to early American frontiersmen
Such motion pictures were made with film from actual Japanese American internment camps with a narrator informing the audience of what they were witnessing. As the UCLA Film and Television Archive writes:
[This] film reminds us how easily unpleasant truths can be rationalized into banality and individual liberties can be swept away. (UCLA, 2007)
Newspapers
As a prominent news source for many Americans in the 1940s, the newspaper media also played an integral role in influencing national attitudes toward Japanese American citizens. Many times, editorials published in these newspapers would approach relocation as a necessary inevitability characteristic in times of war. The San Francisco Chronicle on February 21, 1942, displayed just such an attitude of pro-Japanese-American internment, stating, "We have to be tough, even if civil rights do take a beating for a time". The Bakersfield Californian was among the newspapers of the time to criminalize the Japanese-American population, stating, "We have had enough experiences with Japs in times of peace to emphasize the opinion that they are not to be trusted." Violent sentiment would also be characteristic of some of these editorials, as when a writer to the Corvallis Gazette Times expressed, "The loyal Jap American citizens have the law on their side, but that may not protect them. Besides, what is the law and what is the Constitution to a dead Jap. If they are smart, they will not return". Many newspapers would also publish propaganda cartoons concerning the Japanese military, which fueled a general racist attitude towards Japanese-American residents.
A Newsweek column published in March 1942 presented arguments for and against the relocation of individuals of Japanese heritage. Those in favor of internment were paranoid of coastal submarine attacks near Los Angeles and Santa Barbara. Opponents expressed concern about undertaking a moral war overseas while simultaneously persecuting an ethnic group on U.S. soil.
Local newspapers from the Seattle area covered the internment in both a positive and negative light.
A weekly publication, the Seattle Argus, outlined several issues through editorial and opinion pieces. The newspaper took a pro-internment stance and in 1942 wrote, "If the innocent are interned with the guilty, it will not be a very serious matter. If any Japs are allowed to remain at large in this country, it might spell the greatest disaster in history" (Argus, February 14, 1942, p. 1).
The West Seattle Herald weekly newspaper came out as pro-evacuation of Japanese residing in the U.S. two months after the attack on Pearl Harbor. On February 26, 1942, the front page read, "Complete evacuation of aliens--a common sense move--why delay?" and "GET 'EM OUT!" on page 7 of the newspaper (West Seattle Herald, February 26, 1942, p. 7).
The Bainbridge Review, which was located on Bainbridge Island near Washington state, was the first place in which the U.S. military evacuated all civilians of Japanese descent. The Review became the only newspaper in this area to oppose internment in their editorials. It stressed that Japanese Americans were citizens and deserved to be trusted as being loyal to the U.S.
A weekly newspaper, the Japanese American Courier, employed Japanese-American writers hoping to ensure the country of the worthiness of their citizenship. This newspaper eventually was shut down as a result of the evacuations.
End of internment
On December 17, 1944, the United States Supreme Court deemed that exclusion of loyal Japanese-American citizens was unconstitutional and through Public Proclamation 21, the internment came to an end. It included the resettlement of the majority of the Japanese Americans and equal treatment of these people once back in their homes and neighborhoods. Those who were determined to be potential security risks by the criteria established by the Justice Department and War Department were not allowed into specific high risk areas. Though resettlement was issued by the U.S. government, anti-Japanese propaganda continued throughout the duration of the war until V-J Day on August 15, 1945.
See also
Japanese Relocation (1942 film)
References
American propaganda during World War II
History of racial segregation in the United States
Internment of Japanese Americans |
Khudaganj is a town and a nagar panchayat in Tehsil Tilhar Shahjahanpur district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
Geography
Khudaganj is located at . It has an average elevation of 144 metres (472 feet).The Main river of Khudaganj is Deoaha(Khakra). A famous place in the town is Pakka Talab. It is famous for a sweet – "Khudaganj ki khurchan"Rs 440 Kg – which is made from milk and sugar. Chote Bade ki Dukan is famous for this sweet.
Khudaganj is a block of Shahjahanpur district Tehsil Tilhar surrounded by the farm fields
There are more than five schools such as Lala Hari Ram Inter College, Zila Parishad inter college, etc. Best Hindi medium school on the basis of study is Lala Hari Ram Inter College. There are four banks in Khudaganj: S.B.I Baroda Bank, Kshetriye Gramin Bank (1,2).
Demographics
India census, Khudaganj had a population of 11,844. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Khudaganj has an average literacy rate of 47%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 55%, and female literacy is 38%. In Khudaganj, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age.
References
Cities and towns in Shahjahanpur district |
James Howle "Jay" Lucas (born August 11, 1957) is an American politician and attorney. He served as a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from the 65th District from 1999 to 2022. Lucas is a Republican.
Lucas was elected Speaker of the House in December 2014 after the resignation of Bobby Harrell. On March 15, 2022, he announced his decision to not run for reelection to the South Carolina House. He was succeeded as speaker by Murrell Smith.
Political career
Lucas's political career began in the 1980s as he held various local positions. From 1982 to 1984, he served as the financial director for Bennettsville. From 1984 to 1986, he was county administrator of Fairfield County. From 1990 to 1994, he was the county attorney for Darlington County, and from 1995 to 1996, was a judge for Hartsville in Darlington.
Lucas entered state level politics in 1998 when he became the Republican nominee for South Carolina House of Representatives District 65, which was being vacated by incumbent Democrat Michael Baxley. On November 3, 1998, Lucas defeated Democratic nominee Tony Floyd by less than forty votes. He became the first Republican to hold the seat since the Reconstruction era.
On December 2, 2014, Lucas became the 60th Speaker of the South Carolina House of Representatives following the resignation of Speaker Bobby Harrell. He would hold the position of Speaker for the next eight years. He retired from the position on May 12, 2022. The house elected Murrell Smith as Lucas' successor.
References
External links
1957 births
21st-century American politicians
Lawyers from Columbia, South Carolina
Living people
Politicians from Columbia, South Carolina
Republican Party members of the South Carolina House of Representatives
South Carolina lawyers
Speakers of the South Carolina House of Representatives
University of South Carolina alumni |
The men's high jump event at the 2023 European Athletics U23 Championships was held in Espoo, Finland, at Leppävaara Stadium on 15 July.
Records
Prior to the competition, the records were as follows:
Results
Final
References
High jump
High jump at the European Athletics U23 Championships |
Nammanna () is a 2005 Indian Kannada-language action-drama film directed by N. Shankar featuring Sudeep, Anjala Zaveri and Asha Saini in the lead roles. The film features background score and soundtrack composed by Gurukiran. The film was released on 18 November 2005. This movie is dubbed in Telugu as Dowrjanyam. The film is a remake of the 1994 Telugu film Anna.
Plot synopsis
A youth suspected to be a Naxalite, leaves the rural land and moves to the city, where his brother is killed by a mafia don. The youth takes the matter into his hands, kills the don and serves the poor.
Cast
Soundtrack
The film features background score and soundtrack composed by Gurukiran and lyrics by Jayant Kaikini, Kaviraj and Goturi.
Reception
A critic from Rediff.com wrote that "Nammanna is an ordinary offering from a good producer. Sudeep would do better to choose projects give his career a boost". A critic from Sify wrote that "This lavishly made action film fails to impress in spite of a good story and the presence of an actor like Sudeep".
References
External links
2005 films
2000s Kannada-language films
Indian action films
Films scored by Gurukiran
Kannada remakes of Telugu films
2005 action films |
Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Lo Kon Ting Memorial College () is a Hong Kong secondary school. Completely funded by the Government of Hong Kong, the grammar school is one of the two secondary schools located in Long Ping Estate. Most of the school's subjects are taught in English, with few exceptions like Liberal Studies and Visual Arts. Established and governed by the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals, the oldest and largest charitable organisation in Hong Kong, the school had 24 classes, as of 2019.
History
Initially named Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Number Fifteen School upon its establishment in 1987, the school is the fifteenth secondary school established by the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals. The school was then bestowed its current name from the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals after receiving a donation from family of Lo Kon-ting, a Jewellery company founder, under the name of Lo Wing Yip Tong.
Shortly after suffering a stroke, Yim Chin-ming, then-principal of the school, passed away on 11 May 2013. He was succeeded by Lam Chi-ming, then-vice-principal of Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Kap Yan Directors' College, in October 2013. Lam is the incumbent principal of the school.
Notable people
Richard Eng King-hang, a renowned cram school tutor, once served as a teacher in the school during early days of the school
Ho Hoi-lam, an alumna of the school, scored 8 As, a level 5 in English and a 5* in Chinese in 2007 Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination. Her examination result was lauded by major media outlets of Hong Kong.
See also
Tung Wah Group of Hospitals
Education in Hong Kong
List of secondary schools in Hong Kong
Lists of schools in Hong Kong
References
External links
Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Lo Kon Ting Memorial College
Tung Wah Group of Hospitals
Lo Kon Ting Memorial College
Lo Kon Ting Memorial College
Educational institutions established in 1987
Secondary schools in Hong Kong
1987 establishments in Hong Kong
Yuen Long |
Gibárt is a village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Hungary.
External links
Populated places in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County
de:Gesztely |
In Greek mythology, Argyra (; Ancient Greek: Ἀργυρᾶ) was one of the Naiads, a nymph who lived in a well. There was a city in ancient Achaea, also named Argyra, that was the site of a spring.
Mythology
According to legend, the nymph Argyra was in love with a shepherd named Selemnus whom she visited frequently. But when he aged and his youthful beauty vanished, she forsook him. When the boy died of grief, the goddess Aphrodite out of pity changed him into a river. There was a popular belief in Achaia that a forsaken lover who bathes in this river will forget their pain.
Notes
References
Pausanias, Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. . Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio. 3 vols. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
Naiads
Mythology of Achaea |
Šuhret Fazlić (born 17 April 1961) is a Bosnian politician, and served as the mayor of Bihać.
Biography
Fazlić attended schools in his hometown of Bihać, then graduated in political sciences from the University of Sarajevo in 1985. Fazlić also obtained a master's degree in human resources management from the University of Business Engineering and Management (Banja Luka) in 2007, and as a recipient of the Hubert Humphrey Fellowship he attended a 1-year human resources management course at Michigan State University.
He worked for the Bihać company Unatrans from 1985 to 1989, then as director of NIRIRO Krajina Bihać, head of the travel agency Unatrans Bihać, head of the commercial and financial sector of Autokomerc Bihać.
During the Bosnian War, Fazlić was a member of the command of the V Corps of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Military Police Battalion, in charge among others of the exchange of prisoners of war.
In the late 1990s, he worked as a representative in Bihać of the Sarajevo company Jump, directo of Galaxy Bihać, Im-ex Bihać, head of the Labor Inspectorate of Una-Sana Canton, field agent for the World Bank / FBiH employment project for demobilized combatants (PIU PELRP), head of the OHR Office for USC and Canton 10, advisor to the Mayor of Bihać, advisor to Halil Bajramović's company Rad putevi Bihać, advisor to the Prime Minister of the USC. He also served as director of the FBiH Privatization Agency.
From 1998 to 2000, Fazlić was a member of the Una-Sana Cantonal assembly, then from 2000 to 2002 of the Federal House of Representatives. At the local elections in 2008 and 2012 municipal elections, he was elected municipal councilor in Bihać.
At the 2016 municipal elections, as a candidate of the Civic Alliance (Građanski Savez), Fazlić narrowly won the mayoral seat with 8,933 votes against 8,180 for the SDA/SBB candidate and 5,084 for the SDP candidate. Local businessman Halil Bajramović financed half of his electoral campaign. He was strongly re-elected in 2020 as candidate of the POMAK party.
In the general elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2022, Fazlić was elected as a representative in the Assembly of the Una-Sana Canton.
He is married and has two children.
References
External links
Klix.ba
1961 births
Living people
Politicians from Bihać
Bosniaks of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina Muslims
Bosniak politicians |
William G. Woodward (May 20, 1808 – February 24, 1871) was an American judge and politician.
Born in Hanover, New Hampshire, on May 20, 1808, Woodward moved to Iowa Territory in 1839, and was tasked by the second Iowa General Assembly in 1848 to draft a legal code, working alongside Charles Mason and Stephen Hempstead. The third General Assembly approved the code, which became known as the Code of 1851.
He served as a justice of the Iowa Supreme Court from January 9, 1855, to January 11, 1860, appointed from Muscatine County, Iowa. Between January 13, 1862 and January 10, 1864, Woodward was a Republican member of the Iowa Senate for District 14, then resigned the position to become clerk of the United States Circuit Court.
References
Justices of the Iowa Supreme Court
People from Muscatine County, Iowa
Place of death missing
1808 births
1871 deaths
19th-century American judges
Republican Party Iowa state senators
19th-century American politicians
People from Hanover, New Hampshire |
This is a list of college athletics programs in the U.S. state of Louisiana.
NCAA
Division I
Division III
NAIA
NJCAA
See also
List of NCAA Division I institutions
List of NCAA Division II institutions
List of NCAA Division III institutions
List of NAIA institutions
List of USCAA institutions
List of NCCAA institutions
Louisiana
College athletic programs
College athletic programs |
Overwaitea may refer to:
Overwaitea Foods, a regional supermarket chain located in British Columbia, Canada
Overwaitea Food Group, parent company of Overwaitea Foods |
A Galago, also known as a bushbaby, is a small nocturnal primate.
Galago may also refer to:
Lemur Project, an open-source project containing the Galago search engine
Galago (magazine), a Swedish comics and illustrations magazine
See also
Galgo, a traditional Korean drum
Galgo Español, a breed of dog |
Dewa 19 (pronounced in Indonesian as Dewa Sembilan Belas) is an Indonesian rock band from Surabaya, East Java. Along with God Bless and Slank, they are dubbed as one of the greatest rock bands in the history of Indonesian popular music. The band was formed in 1986. There have been a number of changes to the lineup that ended in their disbandment in 2011, but then they regrouped in 2019 for comeback reunion shows.
The current line-up consists of Ahmad Dhani, Andra Ramadhan (both as the remaining original members), Yuke Sampurna and Agung Yudha. Having no lead vocalists in the current line-up, starting from 2019, the band's shows continuously features guest vocalists of Ari Lasso, Once Mekel (both were previously Dewa 19's members as lead vocalists), Virzha, and Marcello Tahitoe. The band may features either one, some, or up to four vocalists at a time.
Dewa 19 has achieved mainstream success during through the 1990s with Ari Lasso as the lead vocals, and even greater success in the 2000s when Once Mekel was recruited as the new lead vocalist, and the release of "Bintang Lima" which introduced the band's new musical direction. The release is the 7th Indonesian all time best selling album with sales of nearly 2 million copies.
In 2005, Hai magazine named Dewa 19 as the richest band in Indonesia with revenues reaching more than 14 billion a year. In the midst of the success, the group had stumbled several times over legal issues, including issues of copyright infringement and feud with Islamic organizations.
Throughout their career, Dewa 19 has sold over 7 millions album in Indonesia only and has received many awards, both BASF Awards and AMI Awards. They have also won the LibForAll Award in the United States for their contributions to peace efforts and religious tolerance. In 2008, Dewa 19 (as a band) and Ahmad Dhani (individually, founding member) are included in the list of "The Immortals: The 25 Greatest Indonesian Artists of All Time" by Rolling Stone Indonesia magazine.
History
Beginnings (1986–1991)
Dewa was formed in 1986 by four students from SMAN 2 Surabaya. The name Dewa is an acronym of the founding members' names: D from Dhani (keyboard, vocals), E from Erwin Prasetya (bass guitar), W from Wawan Juniarso (drums) and A from Andra (guitar). Dewa is also an Indonesian word meaning 'god', or 'deity'. The band was initially based at Wawan's dorm at Airlangga University.
Wanting to take a different direction, Wawan left the band in 1988 and formed Outsider with Raihan. The name Dewa was changed to Down Beat which became reasonably well known in East Java during that time.
When rock band Slank became famous, Wawan was asked to rejoin Dewa to rejuvenate the band and Ari Lasso was invited too. When the band's members were 19 years old, Down Beat changed its name to Dewa 19. Due to the lack of a studio that met their requirements in Surabaya, the band moved to Jakarta, where after a number of rejections by record companies, a Dewa 19 master was finally recorded by Team Records.
1992-1994: First album and early success
The first album Dewa 19 was released in 1992. Exceeding expectations, the album received awards from BASF in the categories of Best Newcomer and Most Popular Album of 1993. In this album their signature songs are "Kangen" and "Kita Tidak Sedang Bercinta Lagi". During the making of the second album Format Masa Depan which was released in 1994, Wawan left the band again due to incompatibility between the members.
1995–1999: Terbaik Terbaik, Pandawa Lima, mainstream success and conflict
After their 1995 album Terbaik-Terbaik was completed, Wong Aksan joined the band as drummer. This album has the concept of pop rock music which was developed by adding elements of jazz, folk, funk and ballad. Many music observers believe that this is the best album Dewa 19 has ever made that established them as one of the most creative big band groups in Indonesia. The December 2007 issue of Rolling Stone Magazine, put the album in 26th position in the list of "150 Best Indonesian Albums of All Time". Meanwhile, their first single, titled "Cukup Siti Nurbaya" was ranked 20th in the list of "150 Best Indonesian Songs of All Time" by the December 2009 issue of Rolling Stone magazine.
Apart from "Cukup Siti Nurbaya", the Best Best album also released other hit singles such as "Satu Hati (We Should)" and the ballad "Cinta 'Kan Membawamu Kembali". Through this album Dewa won another BASF Awards for "Best Rock Music Group", "Best Recording Group / Duo" and "Best Recorded Music System". The video clip of "Cukup Siti Nurbaya" was also awarded as the "Best Video Clip" at the Indonesian Music Video event. Album Terbaik-terbaik has sold 500,000 copies in Indonesia. Since this album, Dewa 19 began using the term Baladewa to refer to their fans.
Wong Aksan departed after the following album Pandawa Lima was finished in 1997 and was replaced by Bimo Sulaksono, a former member of Netral. Not long thereafter, Bimo left Dewa 19 and together with Bebi formed the band Romeo. Dewa 19's fourth album entitled Pandawa Lima was released in 1997. Through this album, Dewa 19 won 6 awards at the 1997 Indonesian Music Award, namely for "Best Alternative Songs", "General Best Songs", "Duo / Best Alternative Groups", "Best Rhythm & Blues Album" and "Best Album Cover". This album gave birth to a number of hits including "Kirana" and "Kamulah Satu-Satunya". Both of these songs won the Indonesian Music Video award as "Favorite Video Clips". Pandawa Lima has sold more than 800 thousand pieces and received a 5× Platinum certificate
In addition to the problem of frequent changes to the lineup, Dewa 19 also suffered from the implications of the alleged drug addiction problems of two other band members. Erwin entered a rehabilitation program to end a drug dependency which was ultimately successful. Ari Lasso also experienced drug addiction problem that led to his vocal difficulties which made Ari depart from the band in 1999, and Dhani insisted that the vocalist role be replaced by Once whom he met in 1997. The vacant drummer's seat was taken by Tyo Nugros. In 1999, Dewa released the album The Best of Dewa 19, which contained his best works during Ari Lasso being a vocalist. This album contains two new songs namely "Elang" and "Persembahan dari Surga". This album was once again successful even without a piece of promotion with sold over 1.000.000 copies.
2000-2011: blockbuster success and disbanded
In 2000, Dewa made a breakthrough, along with the release time of their fifth album Bintang Lima, the band changed their name from Dewa 19 back to Dewa. Bintang Lima was a huge commercial success, selling over 1.7 million copies in Indonesia. It is the highest selling album in the band's career history. When they recorded the album, Erwin returned to the band as bass guitar player. In this album, their signature songs are "Roman Picisan", "Dua Sejoli", "Risalah Hati", "Separuh Nafas", "Cemburu", "Lagu Cinta" & "Sayap-Sayap Patah". Dewa then toured 36 cities to promote the album while introducing their new formation. Through this album, Dewa won three AMI Awards 2000, namely "Best Singer / Group", "Best Song" ("Roman Picisan") and "Best Album". Rolling Stone Magazine ranked the album 96th in the list of "150 Best Indonesian Albums".
In 2002, "Arjuna Mencari Cinta", one of Dewa's hit songs in the album, "Cintailah Cinta", was plagued by copyright issues and eventually the band was forced to change the name to "Arjuna" only. Erwin left due to differences with the band's management and was replaced by Yuke Sampurna, former bassist of The Groove. In this album, their signature songs are "Arjuna", "Kosong", "Mistikus Cinta", "Pupus", "Cintailah Cinta", "Kasidah Cinta", & "Air Mata". This album also gained success like its predecessor. Before it was officially released on the market, this album had already sold 200,000 copies. Total album sales have reached more than 1.04 million copies. At the 2002 AMI Awards, Dewa was given three awards for the categories "Best Duo / Pop Group", "Best Song" ("Arjuna") and "Best Album Cover".
In 2004, Dewa released a live album entitled Atas Nama Cinta I & II followed by the studio album Laskar Cinta. Later, in the same year, Dewa returned their name to Dewa 19 again. In this album, they recorded one English song, "Sweetest Place" along with their hit songs, "Pangeran Cinta", "Satu", "Hidup Ini Indah" and "Hadapi Dengan Senyuman", and successfully sold over 600,000 copies.
In 2006, their eighth studio album Republik Cinta was released with new record label EMI Music. The album has spawned three radio hit singles: "Laskar Cinta", "Selimut Hati" and "Sedang Ingin Bercinta". Republik Cinta album managed to produce an award at the 2006 AMI Awards. Dewa 19 won the award of "Best Rock Group" and "Best Album". Not only that, vocalist Dewa, Once also won an award as "Best Male Solo Singer" through his solo project. Republik Cinta's own album sold 450.000 copies for 3.5 weeks. In March 2006, the album also won a platinum certificate in Malaysia. This year, Dewa was also named the "Surabaya Ambassador" for their success and achievements as a music group originating from Surabaya.
In 2007, Tyo Nugros left Dewa 19 due to a leg injury that left him unable to play drums. He was replaced by Agung Yudha.
Dewa 19 held large-scale concerts in five cities in Malaysia, namely: Kota Kinabalu, Kuching, Johor Bahru, Penang and Kuala Lumpur during December 2007. Dewa then performed a concert at the State Stadium, Kuala Lumpur. Dewa 19 made a musical history in Malaysia where a band performed in five major cities in Malaysia in a month. In this concert, Dewa 19 took a number of top Malaysian singers including Ella and Sheila Majid.
In 2011, Ahmad Dhani announced Elfonda 'Once' Mekel has left the band on January 19. Dhani auditioned many singers for lead singer, the strongest candidate was Judika Sihotang, the runner-up winner of 2005 Indonesian Idol singing contest, who was later put into Dhani's side project Mahadewa. Answering rumors that the band had broken up Ahmad Dhani stated that Dewa 19 is currently disbanded, but hasn't permanently broken up.
2012-2022: Hiatus, Post-Dewa 19 activities
Each member of Dewa 19 has developed their own side projects. Dhani is now the president and manager of his own Republik Cinta (Love Republic) Management, which produces/manages various artists and groups, such as The Virgin, Mulan Jameela, he is also playing for The Rock (now T.R.I.A.D.) and Mahadewa (featuring Judika as the lead vocal).
Meanwhile, Andra plays guitar for his own group Andra and The BackBone, Wong Aksan became the drummer for the group Potret, Erwin was the bassist for the group Matadewa and collaborated with various musicians, Yuke joined a supergroup AYLI Project, Ari Lasso developed his solo career and joined AYLI Project, and Once developed a solo career and also joined AYLI Project.
In 2019, Dewa 19 performed reunion shows, which features the original vocalists (Ari Lasso and Once), and Virzha (3rd winner of Indonesian Idol season 8, where Dhani was one of the panel judge). Virzha then was featured on Dewa 19's further shows.
Former bassist Erwin Prasetya died on May 2, 2020, at the age of 48.
2022-present: Dewa 19 comeback
On February 28, 2022, the band announced Marcello Tahitoe as their new lead vocalist after eleven years since Once's departure. Ahmad Dhani later said that Dewa 19 now has 4 vocalists; Ari Lasso, Once (both were the original lead singer of Dewa 19), Virzha, and Ello. Knowing all vocalists has their own solo projects, Dewa 19 will perform with either one, two, three, or four of those vocalists at a time, depends on their availability.
On December 13, 2022, Dewa 19 again announced Ari Lasso as Dewa 19's senior vocalist after his hiatus 23 years ago.
On February 15, 2023, Dewa 19 released a new single "Love Is Blind", featuring "All-Stars" which includes Dino Jelusick (known for his work at Trans-Siberian Orchestra), Jeff Scott Soto (known for his work with Talisman, Journey, Yngwie Malmsteen, Trans-Siberian Orchestra, Sons of Apollo), Ron "Bumblefoot" Thal (known for his work with Guns N' Roses, Sons of Apollo), Derek Sherinian (known for his work at Dream Theater, Sons of Apollo), Simon Phillips (former member of Toto, Judas Priest, The Who), and Billy Sheehan (known for his work with Mr. Big, David Lee Roth, The Winery Dogs, Sons of Apollo).
Discography
Studio albums
Live albums
Atas Nama Cinta I & II (2004)
Live in Japan (limited edition DVD) (2005)
Compilation albums
The Best Of Dewa 19 (1999)
The Best Of Republik Cinta Artists Vol. 1 (2008)
The Best Of Republik Cinta Vol. 2 (2009)
The Greatest Hits Remastered (2013)
The 2000's Greatest (2016)
Band Members
Members
Ahmad Dhani – keyboards, drums, rhythm guitar, backing and lead vocals (1986–present)
Andra Ramadhan – lead guitar, backing vocals (1986–present)
Yuke Sampurna – bass guitar (2002–present)
Agung Yudha – drums (2007–present)
Guest Vocals
Ari Lasso - lead vocals (1991-1999), guest vocals (2016–present)
Once Mekel - lead vocals (1999-2011), guest vocals (2019–present)
Virzha – guest vocals (2021–present)
Marcello Tahitoe – guest vocals (2022–present)
Additional Members
Vega Antares - 2nd rhythm guitar, sequencer, backing vocals
Ibrani Pandean - additional bassist
Farie Thafar - backing vocals
Amank Syamsu - backing vocals
Former Members
Wawan Juniarso – drums (1986–1988, 1991–1994)
Erwin Prasetya – bass (1986–2002); deceased 2020
Ari Lasso - lead vocals, keyboards (1991–1999)
Wong Aksan – drums (1995–1998)
Once Mekel – lead vocals, keyboards (1999–2011)
Tyo Nugros – drums (1999–2007)
Photos
See also
List of Indonesian rock bands
Ahmad Band
References
External links
Official site
Anugerah Musik Indonesia winners
Indonesian rock music groups
Musical groups from East Java
Suria Records artists |
Saint Raphael's Cathedral is the cathedral and a parish for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Madison and was located in downtown Madison, Wisconsin at 222 West Main Street. In March 2005, the Cathedral building located at 204 West Main Street was heavily damaged in a fire and was demolished. The parish community remains active, and hopes to rebuild the cathedral. As of October 2015, no plans had been announced for the rebuilding. In late 2012, the diocese constructed a park on the site, called Cathedral Square or Cathedral Place featuring a Way of the Cross.
History
In the early 1840s, immigrants from Ireland settled in what would later become Madison. They were soon organized into a parish named after the Archangel Raphael. On August 15, 1842, Father Martin Kundig offered Mass for the first time in the old territorial capitol building. Governor James Duane Doty, a close friend of Father Samuel Mazzuchelli donated the land upon which the parish buildings and a later parking lot would be built.
From 1842 until 1853, the parish did not have a church and often celebrated Mass in homes and in the state capitol. The first frame church building was constructed in 1848. It measured , but was sufficient size for the congregation at that time. In 1853, Father Francis Etchmann began constructing the most recent church building. The cornerstone was laid on May 28, 1854 by Bishop John Henni of the Diocese of Milwaukee. He dedicated the new building because the parish was under his jurisdiction at the time. The spire and bells were added in 1885. A rectory was added in 1897, and a new school building was dedicated in 1911.
On January 9, 1946, Pope Pius XII created the Diocese of Madison for an 11-county area in the southwestern part of the state. Territory was taken from the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and the Diocese of La Crosse to form the new diocese. St. Raphael's was then chosen as the Cathedral church for the Madison diocese. At the time of the parish's elevation to a cathedral, Msgr. William Mahoney was the pastor. Bishop William O’Connor was installed in St. Raphael's as the first Bishop of Madison on March 12, 1946.
In October 1952 plans were announced to renovate St. Raphael's to better function as a cathedral. Construction began the following year. The Madison architecture firm John Flad & Associates and Rambusch Decorating Company of New York City were responsible for the plans. A basement was dug out below the church building and a parish hall, kitchen, cloakroom, and other facilities were created there. A new two-story sacristy connected the cathedral and the rectory. The old sacristies, altars, and the back wall were removed to create more liturgical space. A new marble altar with an oak canopy and a mosaic of St. Raphael and Tobias were installed. The marble for the altar came from Florence and the mosaic was created in Venice. The renovation also included new lighting, interior decorating, confessionals, and stations of the cross. Cardinal Samuel Stritch, the Archbishop of Chicago and former Archbishop of Milwaukee, rededicated the renovated cathedral on March 10, 1955.
Cathedral fire
On March 14, 2005, a fire caused extensive damage to St. Raphael's Cathedral, affecting not only those who attended the church, but the entire diocesan community.
The fire caused the roof to collapse into the building, although the walls and steeple remained standing. There was further damage from the water and fears that the refurbished steeple would collapse, although the steeple was found to be stable in the days following the fire. The mosaics sustained smoke and water damage, and the stained glass windows were damaged but still in place.
The cause of the fire was determined to be arson. Forty-one-year-old William J. "Billy" Connell was arrested for setting the fire and charged with burglary, arson, and bail jumping. Connell said that he had broken into the Cathedral using a crowbar, stole a bottle of wine, and then "messed around with some stuff". The fire started in an office/storeroom under the spire, and the crowbar was found in that room. Connell had a history of mental problems, and had previously been in trouble with the law. Connell was sentenced to 15 years in prison to be followed by 15 years of close supervision.
On June 10, 2007, Bishop Morlino announced his intention to have the structure demolished and replaced with a new and larger church capable of seating 1,000 people. The Diocese of Madison announced on March 13, 2008, that St. Raphael's would be demolished by June of that year and that some items from the old Cathedral would be saved, including the spire, the three bells from the steeple, three mosaics from the sanctuary, the marble sanctuary appointments, one large undamaged stained glass window, three smaller undamaged semicircular stained glass windows, some ornamental stonework from around the doorways, and some other stone from the building. The demolition plan sparked debate among some in the city who felt portions of the structure should be preserved or declared a landmark.
On July 1, 2008, the parish of St. Raphael merged with the nearby parishes of St. Patrick and Holy Redeemer churches to form a new Cathedral Parish of St. Raphael. The parish will be housed in facilities of the two churches until the new cathedral is built.
On June 24, 2011, the parish purchased the structure it built in 1962 to house St. Raphael's School from 1963 until it closed in 1970. The parish demolished the building and in late 2012 created a park across the entire property featuring a Way of the Cross.
In December 2022, Bishop Donald Hying outlined three proposals to settle the cathedral question as part of the Into the Deep strategic planning process for the diocese: build a new cathedral on the site of the old cathedral, maintain the current status quo of no cathedral while utilizing facilities of the diocese for diocesan events, and elevate an existing parish church for the cathedral. He rejects building a new cathedral as too expensive, and the status quo as undesirable. In January 2023, the bishop proposes that he petition the Holy See to name St. Bernard's Church in Madison as the diocesan cathedral. This would require less of a financial burden and the plan could be accomplished with a small capital campaign to raise the necessary funds.
See also
List of Catholic cathedrals in the United States
List of cathedrals in the United States
References
External links
Cathedral Parish website
Diocese of Madison website
St. Raphael’s Cathedral: A Proposal by Michael Bursch
Churches in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Madison
Raphael
Religious buildings and structures in the United States destroyed by arson
Churches in Madison, Wisconsin
Crimes in Wisconsin
Buildings and structures demolished in 2008
Demolished buildings and structures in Wisconsin
Church fires in the United States |
Yeşildere is a village in the Kovancılar District of Elazığ Province in Turkey. Its population is 30 (2021).
References
Villages in Kovancılar District
Kurdish settlements in Elazığ Province |
Joseph Sarsfield Glass, C.M. (March 13, 1874 – January 26, 1926) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Salt Lake in Utah from 1915 until his death in 1926.
Biography
Early life
Glass was born in Bushnell, Illinois, to James and Mary Edith (née Kelly) Glass. After receiving his early education in Sedalia, Missouri, he entered St. Vincent's College at Los Angeles, California, in 1887. He returned to Missouri in 1891 and then enrolled at St. Mary's Seminary in Perryville. From there he joined the Congregation of the Mission, also known as the Lazarists or Vincentians.
Priesthood
He was ordained to the priesthood by Bishop George Montgomery on August 15, 1897. He then furthered his studies at the College of the Propaganda in Rome, where he earned his Doctor of Divinity in 1899.
Upon his return to the United States, Glass taught dogmatic theology at St. Mary's Seminary until 1900, when he became professor of moral theology and director of the seminarians. In June 1901 he was named president of St. Vincent's College and pastor of St. Vincent's Parish in Los Angeles. During his 10-year-long presidency, he broadened the curriculum to a full university course and made it one of the most prominent educational institutions in Southern California.
Bishop of Salt Lake
On June 1, 1915, Glass was appointed the second bishop of the Diocese of Salt Lake by Pope Benedict XV. He received his episcopal consecration on August 24, 1915, from Archbishop Edward Hanna, with Bishops Thomas Lillis and Thomas Grace serving as co-consecrators.
Glass added murals to the Cathedral of the Madeleine in Salt Lake that display distinctly Catholic beliefs; some claimed that he wanted to confront members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), but others said he simply "wanted to teach Utah Catholics basic tenets of their faith." Glass once played a poker game with LDS President Heber J. Grant and Elmer Goshen of the First Congregational Church in Salt Lake.
Death and legacy
Joseph Glass died in Los Angeles on January 26, 1926, at age 51.
References
1874 births
1926 deaths
People from Bushnell, Illinois
Vincentians
Roman Catholic bishops of Salt Lake City
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the United States
Loyola Marymount University alumni
Vincentian bishops
Catholics from Illinois
Contributors to the Catholic Encyclopedia |
Sian () is a rural locality (a selo) in Siansky Selsoviet of Zeysky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 63 as of 2018. There are 4 streets.
Geography
Sian is located 85 km southwest of Zeya (the district's administrative centre) by road. Chalbachi is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Zeysky District |
Randall Lynn Stephenson (born April 22, 1960) is a retired American telecommunications executive. He served as chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of AT&T Inc. from May 9, 2007 – June 30, 2020 and as executive chairman of AT&T Inc. from July 1 until December 31, 2020. He served as National President of the Boy Scouts of America from 2016 to 2018. In April 2020, Stephenson announced he would step down as CEO of AT&T effective July 1, 2020, replaced by John Stankey. In November 2020, Stephenson announced he would step down as executive chairman of AT&T effective January 2021, replaced by William Kennard.
Biography
Stephenson earned a Bachelor of Science in Accounting from the University of Central Oklahoma and a Master of Accountancy from the University of Oklahoma, then began his career in 1982 with Southwestern Bell Telephone in the information-technology organization in Oklahoma. Late in the 1980s through 1990s, he progressed through a series of leadership positions in finance, including an international assignment in Mexico City overseeing SBC's investment in Telefonos de Mexico (Telmex), where, according to Bloomberg, he was mentored by Carlos Slim. In July 2001, he was appointed senior vice president and chief financial officer for SBC, helping the company reduce its net debt from $30 billion to near zero by early 2004. From 2003 to 2004, Stephenson served as chairman of the board of directors for Cingular Wireless. In 2004, he was named chief operating officer of SBC and also appointed by President Bush as National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee.
Stephenson continued as COO following SBC's acquisition of AT&T in 2005, responsible for all wireless and wireline operations at AT&T. In April 2007, AT&T announced Stephenson would succeed retiring Edward Whitacre as CEO and serve as chairman and CEO of AT&T Inc..
In 2008 Randall Stephenson helped AT&T launch AT&T Aspire and led their "It Can Wait" campaign.
Stephenson led AT&T through the failed acquisition of T-Mobile.
Stephenson was chairman of the Business Roundtable from 2014 to 2016.
In September 2016, Stephenson gave a speech regarding race relations at AT&T’s annual Employee Resource Group conference in Dallas. An employee posted a video of the speech to YouTube, in which Stephenson asked attendees to make a greater effort to understand each other and communicate better through a compelling witness defending Black Lives Matter despite racial tensions in the United States.
During his tenure as CEO, AT&T acquired DirecTV for $49 billion in July 2015 and Time Warner for $85 billion in June 2018. According to Drew FitzGerald of The Wall Street Journal, Stephenson has "transformed the phone company he inherited into one of the world's biggest entertainment companies."
On July 1, 2020, Stephenson retired as CEO of AT&T. He was succeeded by then-COO John Stankey. At the time Stephenson announced his departure, it was acknowledged that the acquisitions of DirectTV and Time Warner had by this point resulted in a massive debt burden of $200 billion for the company, forcing the company to cut back on its capital investments.
Scouting
He was the 37th National President of the Boy Scouts of America, serving from 2016 until 2018. Stephenson, as well as fellow board member Jim Turley, CEO of Ernst & Young, publicly opposed the BSA's practice of banning openly gay Scouts and stated their intention "to work from within the BSA Board to actively encourage dialogue and sustainable progress."
PGA Tour Policy Board
Stephenson served from 2012 to 2023 on the policy board of the PGA Tour. He resigned in a July 8, 2023 letter citing “serious concerns” about the tour's partnership with the Saudi Arabian Public Investment Fund. In his resignation letter, Stephenson said the framework of the deal “is not one that I can objectively evaluate or in good conscience support, particularly in light of the U.S. intelligence report concerning Jamal Khashoggi in 2018.”
Personal life
Stephenson maintains homes in Preston Hollow, Dallas and Olmos Park, San Antonio, Texas, and Teton Village, WY. Stephenson is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.
See also
List of chief executive officers
References
External links
Official AT&T Bio
2016 CEO of the Year award given by Chief Executive magazine
1960 births
Living people
American chief executives
American chief financial officers
American telecommunications industry businesspeople
AT&T people
National Executive Board of the Boy Scouts of America members
Businesspeople from Oklahoma City
University of Central Oklahoma alumni
University of Oklahoma alumni
American chief operating officers
Presidents of the Boy Scouts of America |
Lord Archibald Hamilton (1673 – 5 April 1754) was a Royal Navy officer, nobleman and Whig politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1708 to 1747. In the 1690's, he was active in the English Channel pursuing French privateers, including Tyger out of Saint-Malo. Hamilton commanded the third-rate at the Battle of Vigo Bay in October 1702 and then commanded the third-rate at the Battle of Málaga in August 1704 during the War of the Spanish Succession. He was a controversial governor of Jamaica. Hamilton then joined the Board of Admiralty, ultimately serving as Senior Naval Lord.
Naval career
Hamilton was baptized on 17 February 1673, the youngest son of William Douglas-Hamilton, Duke of Hamilton and Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton, Hamilton studied at Glasgow University and was then sent to study under the Astronomer Royal, John Flamsteed, in London before taking a commission in the Royal Navy aboard the third-rate . Promoted to post-captain on 11 September 1693, he was given command of the fifth-rate in 1694 and of the fourth-rate in 1697. In December 1695 he was active in the English Channel pursuing French privateers, including Tyger out of St Malo, an encounter commemorated in a painting by Willem van de Velde the Younger.
Hamilton went on to take command of the third-rate in 1698, of the third-rate in 1699 and of the third-rate in 1702. After that he became captain of the third-rate in September 1702 and commanded her at the Battle of Vigo Bay in October 1702 during the War of the Spanish Succession. He took command of the third-rate in 1704 and commanded her at the Battle of Málaga in August 1704. He became captain of the second-rate in 1706.
Political career
After his naval career, Hamilton saw a place in parliament as a way of finding favour with the Government and hopefully a lucrative office. At the 1708 general election, Hamilton stood for Parliament at Great Marlow, and also at the family seat of Lanarkshire. He was defeated at Marlow, but was returned in a hard-fought contest as Member of parliament (MP) for Lanarkshire. He opposed the Treason Act of 1709, which altered Scottish law in direct contravention of the safeguards included in the Union, but his opposition was short lived as he sought payment for arrears with his pension. He supported the ministry in the vote for the impeachment of Dr Sacheverell and with the support of the Duke of Marlborough was appointed Governor of Jamaica in May 1710.
Hamilton did not stand at the 1710 general election and took up his post in Jamaica in 1711. He played a controversial role in setting up some of the founders of the infamous Bahamanian pirate gang, including Henry Jennings, Francis Fernando, and Leigh Ashworth, for which he was arrested and brought back to England in 1716 by the Royal Navy. He was acquitted by a board of Trade inquiry and released.
Hamilton was returned as MP for Lanarkshire at a by-election on 23 December 1718. He retained his seat at the 1722 British general election , with the help of his 19-year-old nephew, the 5th Duke of Hamilton, a Tory who was actually on the opposing side politically. He was returned again unopposed for Lanarkshire at the 1727 British general election and joined the Board of Admiralty under the Walpole–Townshend ministry in May 1729. He was advanced to First Naval Lord in June 1733 He did not stand at the 1734 British general election, but was returned as MP for Queenborough at a by-election on 22 February 1735. After he failed to support a bill for the Prince of Wales's allowance, he was forced to stand down as First Naval Lord in March 1738. However he was appointed cofferer and surveyor general to the Prince of Wales in 1738. He did not stand at the 1741 British general election, but was returned as MP for Dartmouth at a by election on 27 March 1742. He rejoined to Board, as Senior Naval Lord again, in March 1742 under the Carteret ministry and remained on the Board until the Broad Bottom ministry fell in February 1746. He served as Governor of Greenwich Hospital from 1746 until his death. He kept his post under the Prince of Wales until 1747, when he was turned out for refusing to follow him into opposition. He gratefully accepted a pension of £1,200 a year offered by the Prince.
For much of his life, Hamilton lived at Park Place at Remenham in Berkshire. He died on 5 April 1754.
Family
Hamilton's first wife was Anne Cary (née Lucas) (a daughter of Charles Lucas, 2nd Baron Lucas and mother of Lucius Cary, 6th Viscount Falkland). She died in 1709 and Hamilton then married Lady Anne Hamilton around 1714 (widow of Sir Francis Hamilton, 3rd Baronet Hamilton of Castle Hamilton, Killeshandra, Cavan, Ireland). She died in 1719 and was buried in Westminster Abbey. Later that year, he married Lady Jane Hamilton (a daughter of the 6th Earl of Abercorn). Hamilton and his third wife later had six children:
Charles (?–1751) Married Mary Dufresne.
Elizabeth (1720–1800), married Francis Greville, 1st Earl of Warwick (10 October 1719 6 July 1773)
Frederic (1728–1811), religious minister. Married 11 June 1757 Rachel Daniel.
Archibald (accidentally drowned, 1744)
William Hamilton (1730–1803), diplomat. Married 25 January 1758 Catherine Barlow (died 1783). Married 6 September 1795 Emma Hart (died 1815).
Jane (19 August 1726 – 13 November 1771), married 24 July 1753 Charles Schaw later Charles Cathcart, 9th Lord Cathcart.
References
Sources
External links
Hamilton biography at Republic of Pirates
|-
|-
|-
1673 births
1754 deaths
British MPs 1708–1710
British MPs 1715–1722
British MPs 1722–1727
British MPs 1727–1734
British MPs 1734–1741
British MPs 1741–1747
Governors of Jamaica
Archibald Hamilton
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Dartmouth
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Queenborough
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Scottish constituencies
People from Remenham
Rectors of the University of Glasgow
Younger sons of dukes
Whig (British political party) MPs for English constituencies
Whig (British political party) MPs for Scottish constituencies
People involved in anti-piracy efforts
Piracy
Lords of the Admiralty |
Marinula striata is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Ellobiidae.
This species is known to occur under stones at the shore line on a number of New Zealand's islands: Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Campbell Island, and Stewart Island.
References
Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
Ellobiidae
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1924 |
Ashe may refer to:
Places
Ashe, Hampshire, England, a village
Ashe County, North Carolina, United States
People
Ashe (name), a given name and surname, including a list of people so named
Ashe (singer), American singer and songwriter
Fictional characters
Ashe (Overwatch), a character in the 2016 video game
"Ashe, The Frost Archer", a champion in League of Legends
Ashe, a playable character in the 2007 video game Mega Man ZX Advent
Other uses
Aṣẹ, or ashe, a Yoruba philosophical and religious concept
American Society of Hispanic Economists
Ashe baronets, an extinct title in the Baronetage of England
Ashe Cottage, Demopolis, Alabama, a house on the National Register of Historic Places
ISO 639-3 code for the Koro Wachi language of Nigeria
See also
Asche (disambiguation)
Ash (name)
Ash (disambiguation)
Ashes (disambiguation) |
Halgodari (), also known as Khalaqdari, may refer to:
Halgodari-ye Ashraf
Halgodari-ye Osman |
Daviesia inflata is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with many spreading stems, scattered needle-shaped, sharply-pointed phyllodes and orange red flowers with a dark red centre.
Description
Daviesia inflata is a glabrous, erect shrub that typically grows to a height of up to , and has many sparsely-branched stems. Its phyllodes are scattered, needle-shaped, sharply-pointed, long and wide. The flowers are arranged in groups of two to five in leaf axils on a peduncle long, the rachis long, each flower on a pedicel long. The sepals are long and joined at the base, the upper two lobes joined for most of their length and the lower three triangular and about long. The standard petal is broadly egg-shaped, long and orange-red with a dark red centre, the wings long and dark red, and the keel long and dark red. Flowering occurs in September and October and the fruit is a bladder-like pod when immature, later brittle, long.
Taxonomy and naming
Daviesia inflata was first formally described in 1984 by Michael Crisp in the journal Nuytsia from specimens collected near Augusta by W.R. Barker in 1977. The specific epithet (inflata) means "bladdery", referring to the immature fruit.
Distribution and habitat
This daviesia grows in swampy or winter-wet areas in heath or forest and occurs in near-coastal areas between Harvey and Augusta in the Jarrah Forest, Mallee, Swan Coastal Plain and Warren biogeographic regions of south-western Western Australia.
Conservation status
Daviesia inflata is listed as "not threatened" by the Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
References
inflata
Eudicots of Western Australia
Plants described in 1984
Taxa named by Michael Crisp |
Siesta Park is a locality of the City of Busselton in the South West region of Western Australia. Siesta Park is located on a thin strip of land between Caves Road, which forms its southern border, and Geographe Bay to the north. It shares its name with a resort/holiday area that was named after a World War II-era launch named Siesta that belonged to a previous owner of the property. The area became a locality because the property's petrol station and general store was also used as a post office until the mid-1980s.
The City of Busselton and the locality of Siesta Park are located on the traditional land of the Wardandi (also spelled Wadandi) people, of the Noongar nation.
References
City of Busselton |
On the morning of 19 April 2022, three explosions rocked the Abdul Rahim Shahid Secondary School in the Shia Hazara neighborhood in Kabul, Afghanistan, killing at least 6 people and injuring scores of others of students. Many of the wounded were teenagers.
Background
Since the takeover of the country by the Deobandi Islamist Taliban in August 2021, the rival Islamic State – Khorasan Province group has frequently targeted minorities in Afghanistan, including a previous school bombing in Kabul. Most of the victims were ethnic Hazaras, who have been a target for ISIL in Afghanistan since the Taliban took power, and earlier. The return of the Taliban has also been seen as a threat by this Shia minority, who has seen many fleeing the country to other nations such as neighboring Pakistan and as far as Canada.
Attack
At around 10 a.m. (UTC+4:30), an explosion occurred at the entrance of the Abdul Rahim Shahid School, one of the largest schools in the city, with 16,000 boys attending, as 11th- and 12th-graders were leaving their classes. Ten minutes later, another explosion rocked an alley near an educational campus.
Medical authorities responded to the scene quickly and injured students were transported to receive medical attention. A school nursing facility reported four people dead and 14 injured. These figures were later increased to at least 6 dead, and eleven injured. Reporters and journalists complained that Taliban authorities kept them from reaching the wounded victims being taken to hospitals in the area. However, by the next day it was reported that the Taliban had returned the bodies of the deceased to their families, with the official victim numbers reported at 6 dead and 25 injured. Some have raised claims that the Taliban disrespected the deceased and that the victims counts should be higher due to the number of individuals looking for missing family members.
No one or organization has claimed responsibility for the attacks.
Reactions
Khalid Zadran, the spokesman for Kabul's commander acknowledged "Shia casualties" and the Taliban secured the area. A deputy spokesperson of the Taliban government condemned the attack and called it a "crime against humanity" and vowed that the perpetrators would be found and punished. US State Department spokesman Ned Price condemned the attack, expressing outrage at the "heinous attacks [...] in Kabul, Afghanistan" and asked for the perpetrators to be brought to justice.
Locals expressed suspicion, frustration and some conspiracy theories after the bombing. Some residents claimed that the Islamic State group, known as Daesh locally wanted to show off its strength, while others claimed that the Taliban had secretly planned the attack or unknown enemies had organized the attack.
Save the Children condemned the attack, saying that it was "deeply saddened about reports that children have been injured, and possibly killed." The International Rescue Committee (IRC) condemned the "senseless bombing of schools in Kabul", sent condolences to the victims' families and highlighted the jeopardy in which Afghan citizens live, according to IRC. Similar condemnation of the attack was seen by the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan.
See also
List of terrorist attacks in Kabul
Terrorist incidents in Afghanistan in 2022
Persecution of Hazara people
References
2022 in Kabul
2022 murders in Afghanistan
2022 building bombings
2022 school bombing
21st-century mass murder in Afghanistan
Attacks on buildings and structures in 2022
Attacks on schools in Asia
2022 school
High school killings
Mass murder in 2022
2022 school bombing
Massacres of Hazara people
School bombings in Asia
School killings in Asia
Terrorist incidents in Afghanistan in 2022 |
Zulvin Malik Zamrun (born February 19, 1988) is an Indonesian former footballer who plays as a winger.
Personal life
He is the twin brother of Zulham Zamrun who is in the Indonesia national football team.
Career
In January 2015, he signed with Pusamania Borneo.
References
External links
1988 births
Living people
People from Ternate
Sportspeople from North Maluku
Indonesian men's footballers
Indonesian Premier Division players
Liga 1 (Indonesia) players
Liga 2 (Indonesia) players
Persiter Ternate players
Persip Pekalongan players
Persiba Balikpapan players
PS Mitra Kukar players
Borneo F.C. Samarinda players
Persela Lamongan players
PSM Makassar players
Kalteng Putra F.C. players
PSGC Ciamis players
Indonesian twins
Men's association football wingers |
Falling Asleep at the Wheel may refer to:
The act of falling asleep at the wheel, caused by driving whilst sleep-deprived
Falling Asleep at the Wheel (EP), a 2020 EP by Holly Humberstone
The EP's title track, 2020
"Falling Asleep at the Wheel" (song), by the Rubens and Vic Mensa, 2019 |
Marinomonas mangrovi is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Marinomonas which has been isolated from rhizospheric soil from a mangrove forest on Beigang Island in Hainan province, China.
References
Oceanospirillales
Bacteria described in 2015 |
Constitution of 1925 may refer to one of the following:
Chilean Constitution of 1925
Greek Constitution of 1925 (see Constitutional history of Greece#The Second Hellenic Republic and the Restoration (1925–1941))
Constitution of Iraq, which first came into force in 1925
1925 Constitution of the Russian SFSR
See also
Constitution (Amendment No. 1) Act 1925, an Act amending the Constitution of the Irish Free State |
Atractus charitoae is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species can be found Colombia.
References
Atractus
Reptiles of Colombia
Endemic fauna of Colombia
Snakes of South America
Reptiles described in 2004 |
Legislative elections were held in Greece on Sunday, 20 September 2015, following Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras' announced resignation on 20 August. At stake were all 300 seats in the Hellenic Parliament. This was a snap election, the sixth since 2007, since new elections were not due until February 2019.
The elections resulted in an unexpectedly-large victory for Alexis Tsipras' Coalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA), which fell just six seats short of an absolute majority and was able to reform its coalition government with the right-wing Independent Greeks (ANEL). Opposition center-right New Democracy (ND) remained stagnant at 28% and 75 seats, despite pre-election opinion polls predicting a tie with Syriza or even opening the possibility of a ND government. Far-right Golden Dawn (XA) remained the third political force in the country rising slightly to 7%, while the Democratic Alignment (comprising PASOK and DIMAR) rose to 4th place nationally, as a result of the failure of the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) to increase its vote tally and the decline of To Potami. The Union of Centrists (EK) entered Parliament for the first time, while Syriza splinter group Popular Unity fell short of the required 3% threshold and did not win parliamentary representation.
Turnout was exceptionally low at 56.16%, the lowest ever recorded in a Greek legislative election since the restoration of democracy in 1974. Post-election analysis determined that voters' apathy and disaffection with politics and weariness after being continuously called to the polls (this election marked the third vote throughout 2015, after the January 2015 election and the July 2015 referendum) were the most likely causes for the low turnout.
This is the last Greek general election where New Democracy (ND) failed to win a plurarity of the vote.
Background
Third bailout agreement
Several days after the bailout referendum, on 12 July 2015, the Greek Prime Minister, Alexis Tsipras came to an agreement with lenders for a new ESM program. Greece will receive a loan of up to €86 billion, which will be received gradually from 2015 until June 2018, including a buffer of up to €25 billion for the banking sector. In return, Greece will have to streamline the VAT system and broaden the tax base to increase revenue, reform the pension system, safeguard the full legal independence of the Hellenic Statistical Authority, automatically cut public spending to generate primary surpluses, reform justice with a view to accelerate the judicial process and reduce costs, implement all OECD toolkit I recommendations, modernise labour market legislation, modernise and strengthen the Greek administration, revoke the laws passed by the Tsipras government counter to the February 20 agreement—except for the one concerning the "humanitarian crisis"— or identify clear compensatory equivalents for the vested rights that were subsequently created (e.g. for the rehiring of fired public servants), recapitalize the banks, and privatize 50 billion of state assets. To help support growth and job creation in Greece up to 2020, the European Commission will help mobilise up to €35 billion to fund investment and economic activity, including in SMEs. The Investment Plan for Europe will also provide funding opportunities for Greece.
On 14 August, after a rancorous all-night debate, the Hellenic Parliament backed the country's new bailout deal, although more than 40 MPs from Syriza either voted against the deal or abstained, and Tsipras had to rely on the support of three opposition parties: New Democracy, The River and PASOK. Following the Parliament's decision, the Eurogroup welcomed the agreement between Greece and its lenders, and initiated the launching of the national procedures required for the approval of the new ESM program. These national procedures were concluded by 19 August, and Greece received the first disbursement of the initial tranche of up to €26 bn.
Government's resignation and snap election
Although Tsipras passed the bailout agreement through the Parliament and did not face a no-confidence motion, the fact that 43 of Syriza's 149 MPs had either opposed the bailout or abstained meant that he had effectively lost his parliamentary majority. Therefore, on 20 August, following the first disbursement of the initial tranche of the third bailout agreement, Tsipras submitted the resignation of his government to Prokopis Pavlopoulos, the President of Greece. Tsipras asked Pavlopoulos for the earliest possible election date (20 September), and publicly argued that "the present Parliament cannot offer a government of majority or a national unity government." In a televised address to the Greek people, Tsipras recognised that he did not achieve the agreement he expected before the January elections. Following Tsipras' resignation, the Constitution required Pavlopoulos to ask the second- and third-largest party in Parliament to form a government.
Some analysts' expectations that these two parties—and especially New Democracy—could waive their three-days exploratory mandate right to accelerate the procedures were not confirmed. Vangelis Meimarakis, the Leader of the Opposition, received the first exploratory mandate on 21 August, stating that he has the "political obligation and responsibility to exhaust all the options". Failing to form a government, Meimarakis returned the mandate to the President on 24 August. The same day, Panagiotis Lafazanis, the president of the third-largest party in Parliament, the newly formed Popular Unity, was handed the third and final exploratory mandate. Popular Unity was founded on 21 August by 25 anti-austerity and anti-bailout MPs, who split from Syriza and were largely affiliated to the party's Left Platform. After having failed to attract coalition partners for a new government, Lafazanis returned the mandate on 27 August. In a meeting with Pavlopoulos, Lafazanis asked the President to set a date for election no earlier than 27 September and to convene a council meeting of political leaders. However, given that Syriza, the Independent Greeks and the Communist Party had made clear that they had no interest in participating in such a meeting, Pavlopoulos opted for entering into telephone consultations with each political leader individually. After the conclusion of these consultations, which proved to be fruitless, Pavlopoulos named Vassiliki Thanou, President of the Court of Cassation (Areios Pagos), as interim prime minister, with the task of leading Greece to the elections. On 28 August, Pavlopoulos issued a presidential decree for the dissolution of the Parliament and the holding of a snap legislative election on 20 September 2015. The President's decision not to convene the council meeting of political leaders and to call the elections earlier than 27 September was fiercely criticised by Lafazanis; in an official statement, Popular Unity called the President's actions "a raw and provocative violation of both the letter and the spirit of the Constitution". However, other prominent politicians of the Opposition, such as PASOK's Evangelos Venizelos, who is also a Professor of Constitutional Law, suggested that Pavlopoulos acted within the rules and without violating the Constitution.
Electoral system
All voters are required to vote, with registration being automatic and voting being mandatory. However, none of the legally existing penalties or sanctions have ever been enforced.
250 seats are distributed on the basis of proportional representation, with a threshold of 3% required for entry into parliament. Blank and invalid votes, as well as votes cast for parties that fall short of the 3% threshold, are disregarded for seat allocation purposes. 50 additional seats are awarded as a majority bonus to the party that wins a plurality of votes, with coalitions in that regard not being counted as an overall party but having their votes counted separately for each party in the coalition, according to the election law. Parliamentary majority is achieved by a party or coalition of parties that command at least one half plus one (151 out of 300) of total seats.
Opinion polls
Graphical summary
Poll results
The tables below list nationwide voting intention estimates. Refusals are generally excluded from the party vote percentages, while question wording and the treatment of "don't know" responses and those not intending to vote may vary between polling organisations. Polls that show their results without disregarding those respondents who were undecided or said they would abstain from voting (either physically or by voting blank) have been re-calculated by disregarding these numbers from the totals offered through a simple rule of three, in order to obtain results comparable to other polls and the official election results. When available, seat projections are displayed below the percentages in a smaller font. 151 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Hellenic Parliament.
Candidates' debates
Results
Aftermath
The governing party SYRIZA won the largest number of seats but fell short of an outright majority. However, the party resurrected its coalition with the right-wing Independent Greeks, a minor party with which it had already formed a government after the January 2015 election. Centre-right New Democracy took the second-largest vote share, while far-right Golden Dawn was a fairly distant third. Popular Unity, the party formed by 26 MPs who had defected from SYRIZA in protest at the bailout, failed to reach the 3% threshold, and thus did not get any seats.
SYRIZA leader Alexis Tsipras hailed the result as a "victory of the people". He returned to the premiership after resigning earlier in the summer in order to force the new election. He told supporters in Athens that Greece would "continue the struggle we began seven months ago" when SYRIZA was first elected to government. New Democracy leader Vangelis Meimarakis swiftly conceded after the election results began coming in, calling upon Tsipras "to create the government which is needed". Tsipras' former finance minister Yanis Varoufakis criticised the election result as "the 'legalisation' of the capitulation", referring to the bailout deal negotiated between Athens and European creditors during the summer.
The margin of SYRIZA's "decisive" victory was a surprise, with many pundits and analysts predicting a closer race with New Democracy. Voter turnout was 7 pp lower than it had been in January.
Notes
References
Greece 2
Legislative 2
2015 09
2015 in Greek politics
2
Greece |
The QED manifesto was a proposal for a computer-based database of all mathematical knowledge, strictly formalized and with all proofs having been checked automatically. (Q.E.D. means in Latin, meaning "which was to be demonstrated.")
Overview
The idea for the project arose in 1993, mainly under the impetus of Robert Boyer. The goals of the project, tentatively named QED project or project QED, were outlined in the QED manifesto, a document first published in 1994, with input from several researchers. Explicit authorship was deliberately avoided. A dedicated mailing list was created, and two scientific conferences on QED took place, the first one in 1994 at Argonne National Laboratories and the second in 1995 in Warsaw organized by the Mizar group.
The project seems to have dissolved by 1996, never having produced more than discussions and plans. In a 2007 paper, Freek Wiedijk identifies two reasons for the failure of the project. In order of importance:
Very few people are working on formalization of mathematics. There is no compelling application for fully mechanized mathematics.
Formalized mathematics does not yet resemble real, traditional mathematics. This is partly due to the complexity of mathematical notation, and partly to the limitations of existing theorem provers and proof assistants; the paper finds that the major contenders, Mizar, HOL, and Coq, have serious shortcomings in their abilities to express mathematics.
Nonetheless, QED-style projects are regularly proposed. The Mizar Mathematical Library formalizes a large portion of undergraduate mathematics, and was considered the largest such library in 2007. Similar projects include the Metamath proof database and the mathlib library written in Lean.
In 2014 the Twenty years of the QED Manifesto workshop was organized as part of the Vienna Summer of Logic.
See also
Formalism (mathematics)
Mathematical knowledge management
POPLmark, a more modest project in programming language theory
References
Further reading
H. Barendregt & F. Wiedijk, The Challenge of Computer Mathematics, Transactions A of the Royal Society 363 no. 1835, 2351–2375, 2005
(open access issue)
Richard A. De Millo, Richard J. Lipton, Alan J. Perlis, Social processes and proofs of theorems and programs, Communications of the ACM, Volume 22, Issue 5 (May 1979), Pages: 271 - 280
John Harrison, Formalized Mathematics, Technical Report 36, Turku Centre for Computer Science (TUCS)
Ittay Weiss, The QED Manifesto after Two Decades Version 2.0, Journal of Software vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 803-815, 2016.
External links
Freek Wiedijk, Formalizing 100 Theorems A page keeping track of the progress in the formalization of 100 common theorems.
Freek Wiedijk, The Seventeen Provers of the World, a proof of the irrationality of the square root of two in seventeen different proof assistants.
Formalized Mathematics a journal in which Mizar proofs are presented.
The Archive of Formal Proofs a similar (refereed) repository of proofs in Isabelle/HOL.
A repository of proofs in Coq.
UniMath "Coq library aims to formalize a substantial body of mathematics using the univalent point of view"
Educational projects
Formal methods
Mathematics literature
Proof assistants |
Ephemerides Zagrabienses was the first Croatian newspaper, established in 1771 in Zagreb. Fifty issues of the four-page newspaper in Latin were published by Antun Jandera, a Czech-born printer. Little is known about its content, as there are no surviving copies.
By Jandera's late 1771 account, the editor of the newspaper had left, and others were not willing to step in, so the newspaper stopped receiving local news. The unnamed editor is believed to have been Baltazar Adam Krčelić, a prominent chronicler of daily events.
Sources
Hrvatska pisana kultura - 18. stoljeće
Novine
Čeh nam je dao svjetlo, a sad nam brani ulazak u EU
Početci hrvatskoga novinstva i publicistike
Antun Jandera – izdavač prvih hrvatskih novina
Further reading
Newspapers established in 1771
Latin-language newspapers
Defunct newspapers published in Croatia
History of Zagreb
18th century in Croatia
Mass media in Zagreb |
Specific Gravity is a live album by the multi-instrumentalists Joe McPhee and Joe Giardullo, recorded in 1997 and first released on the Boxholder label.
Reception
AllMusic reviewer, David R. Adler, wrote, "Even the most experienced listeners may not be able to discern what's at stake here theoretically, but in any case, there's much to recommend in this meeting of two highly advanced minds." On All About Jazz, the writer Glenn Astarita wrote, "The force of magnetism between these two master musicians is prominently displayed on this fine outing. Recommended" while Derek Taylor observed, "The art of the duo is a sphere necessarily reserved improvisers able to negotiate its myriad challenges. Giardullo and McPhee prove themselves in possession of such mettle, but those listeners familiar with either player are unlikely to require any such convincing." In JazzTimes, Aaron Steinberg wrote, "The two men work slowly and deliberately, each giving the other the utmost space, focusing on nuance in interval and texture. The recording peaks on the starkly beautiful, delicate rendition of Coltrane's "After the Rain"."
Track listing
All compositions by Joe Giardullo and Joe McPhee except as indicated
"A Priori"- 28:09
"Specific Gravity" (Joe McPhee) - 5:39
"After the Rain" (John Coltrane) - 10:53
"Sienna " - 6:42
Personnel
Joe McPhee - alto clarinet, soprano saxophone, valve trombone, electronics
Joe Giardullo - C Flute, bass clarinet, soprano saxophone, electronics
References
Joe McPhee live albums
2001 live albums |
Nabilah Naggayi Sempala is a Ugandan politician. She is the incumbent Member of Parliament representing the Kampala Women Parliamentary Constituency in the 10th Ugandan Parliament (2016 to 2021).
Background and education
Nabilah Naggayi was born in Uganda in April 1972. She attended Kibuli Demonstration School for her primary education before she transferred to Kibuli Secondary School for her O-Level studies. She then completed her A-Level education at Mengo Senior School, graduating from there with a High School Diploma in 1992.
In 1994, Naggayi graduated with a Diploma in Translation from Saarland University, in Saarbrücken, Germany. In 1996, she went off to obtain a Bachelor of Arts degree from Makerere University, the oldest and largest public university in Uganda. Her degree of Master of Arts in Public Administration, was awarded by Makerere University in 2011.
Career
Naggayi began her political career as a Councilor in Wakiso District Local Government in 2001, serving in that capacity until 2005. She, with others, including Muhammad Nsereko, the incumbent member of Parliament for Kampala Central Division, established the Social Democratic Party (SDP). She actively campaigned for the re-opening of the political space to multi-party democracy during the 2005 referendum. It was not until the run-up to the 2006 general elections, that she formally joined the Forum for Democratic Change (FDC) political party.
In 2006, at the age of 35, she unseated Margaret Nantongo Zziwa of the National Resistance Movement (NRM) political party, to capture the Women Representative's seat for Kampala in the 8th parliament (2006 to 2011).
During the 2011 parliamentary elections, she received 222,724 votes compared to the 164,378 votes her closest challenger, Margaret Zziwa of the NRM received. During 2013, a group of lawyers sued her, the Attorney General of Uganda and the Electoral Commission of Uganda, on a technicality, since the Central Government of Uganda had taken over the management of Kampala on 28 December 2010, and the city had ceased to be regarded as a district.
In 2016 Naggayi faced off with five other contestants, including the incumbent Minister of State for Youth and Children's Affairs, Florence Nakiwala Kiyingi. However Naggayi won handily. During the debate to remove presidential age limits from the Uganda Constitution, Naggayi was one of the opposition members of parliament who were forcibly removed from the house chamber by security forces, on 27 September 2017, although she had not been suspended by the Speaker.
She stood for the position of Lord Mayor for the 2021-2026 elections and lost to Erias Lukwago.
See also
Forum for Democratic Change
Kampala Capital City Authority
References
External links
Website of the Parliament of Uganda
Nabilah Naggayi Sempala highlights some of her achievements
FDC Dismayed As Nabilah Spills Party Rot on Facebook
Living people
1971 births
Ganda people
Members of the Parliament of Uganda
21st-century Ugandan women politicians
21st-century Ugandan politicians
Women members of the Parliament of Uganda
People from Kampala
Saarland University alumni
Forum for Democratic Change politicians
Politicians from Central Region, Uganda
Makerere University alumni |
Mina Zdravkova () (born 9 February 1999) is a competitive ice dancer for Bulgaria. With partner Christopher Martin Davis, she is the 2020 Bulgarian National Champion, Bronze Medallist at the 2019 NRW Trophy, Silver Medallist at the 2020 Jégvirág Cup, and representative for Bulgaria at the 2020 European Championships, and 2021 World Figure Skating Championships. In her early career as a junior, Zdravkova represented Great Britain, partnered with Henry Aiken, attaining the Silver Medal at the 2013 British Junior National Championships.
Personal life
Zdravkova was born in Varna, Bulgaria. She is the daughter of retired Bulgarian World Cup footballer Radoslav Zdravkov. Zdravkova is a vegetarian and has collaborated with Peta to promote ethical eating. Zdravkova has received international attention for her beauty and is frequently featured in lists of the most beautiful athletes.
Early career
Zdravkova started skating with Henry Aiken in 2011. With Aiken she competed on the ISU Junior Grand Prix circuit and won the silver medal at the 2013 British Figure Skating Championships.
Career
In 2014 Zdravkova partnered with Christopher Davis. Together they won the 2014/15 Bulgarian junior ice dance title. In 2015, Davis sustained a serious shoulder injury for which he underwent keyhole surgery in the USA. Post surgery, a significant recovery and rehab period was required away from the ice. The surgery was not successful, and the injury returned early in the 2016/17 season. A second surgery was conducted in Bulgaria in 2016 and was successful at abating any further problems. Starting in 2016 Zdravkova and Davis were coached solely by Marika Humphreys-Baranova and Vitaliy Baranov. Zdravkova and Davis returned to national level competition at the 2016/17 Bulgarian figure skating championships where they reclaimed their title. In 2018 Zdravkova and Davis first performed a program set to Bulgarian folk music. Their performance of this program at the 2019 Winter Universiade went viral in Bulgaria in 2019, amassing millions of views. During the 2019/20 season, Zdravkova and Davis qualified and competed at the 2020 European Figure Skating Championships placing 25th. The team also qualified for the 2020 World figure skating championships, but the event was cancelled due to COVID-19. Due to COVID-19 Zdravkova and Davis were unable to train on the ice for over 7 months. During this time they trained off-ice and made several PSAs for Bulgarian media urging compliance with public health safety measures. In December 2020, the Bulgarian National Championships were postponed until February 2021. Zdravkova and Davis reclaimed their title and were named to the world team. Zdravkova and Davis competed at the 2021 World Figure Skating Championships which were held in a bubble for the first time due to COVID-19 safety precautions, and placed 31st.
Results
With Christopher Martin Davis for Bulgaria
With Henry Aiken for Great Britain
Music and competitive routines
With Christopher Martin Davis
With Henry Aiken
References
1999 births
Living people
Bulgarian female ice dancers
Competitors at the 2019 Winter Universiade
Sportspeople from Varna, Bulgaria |
The Old Parliament House, officially known as the Samvidhan Sadan, was the seat of the Imperial Legislative Council of India between 18 January 1927 and 15 August 1947, the Constituent Assembly of India between 15 August 1947 and 26 January 1950, and the Parliament of India between 26 January 1950 and 18 September 2023. For 73 years, it housed the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha (the lower and upper houses) respectively in India's bicameral parliament.
The building was designed by British architects Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker and was constructed between 1921 and 1927. It was opened in January 1927 as the seat of the Imperial Legislative Council. Following the British withdrawal from India, it was taken over by the Constituent Assembly of India, and then by the Indian Parliament once India's Constitution came into force on 26 January 1950 with India becoming a republic.
The New Parliament House, built near this building on a triangular plot from 2020 to 2023 was inaugurated on 28 May 2023. It was built as part of the Indian government's Central Vista Redevelopment Project.
History
The building was designed by the British architects Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker in 1912-1913, and completed in 1927.
The foundation stone was laid by HRH Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, in February 1921. It took five years to complete the building. On 18 January 1927, Sir Bhupendra Nath Mitra, Member of the Governor-General's Executive Council, in charge of the Department of Industries and Labour, invited Lord Irwin, then Viceroy of India to inaugurate the building. The third session of Central Legislative Assembly was held in this house on 19 January 1927.
After independence, the house served as the seat of the Constituent Assembly from 1947–1950. The Constitution of India was created here, under the presidency of Rajendra Prasad.
Two floors were added to the structure in 1956 due to a demand for more space. In subsequent years it got some renovations. Air conditioners, digital screens and a digital voting system were added.
The Parliament Museum, opened in 2006, stands next to the Parliament House, in the building of the Parliamentary Library.
Description
The perimeter of the building is circular, with 144 columns on the outside. At the centre of the building is the circular Central Chamber, and surrounding this Chamber are three semicircular halls that were constructed for the sessions of the Chamber of Princes (now used as the Library Hall), the State Council (now used for the Rajya Sabha), and the Central Legislative Assembly (now used for the Lok Sabha). The parliament is surrounded by large gardens and the perimeter is fenced off by sandstone railings (jali).
The current building is planned to be converted into a Museum of Democracy after the new Parliament House is operational.
New Parliament House
Background
Proposals for a new parliament building to replace Parliament House emerged in the early 2010s as a result of questions being asked about the stability of the original structure. In 2012, a committee was assembled by the then-Speaker, Mira Kumar, to suggest and assess several alternatives to the usage of the building.
Commencement
In 2019, the Indian government launched the Central Vista Redevelopment Project, a multi-billion dollar project to redevelop the Central Vista, India's central administrative area near Raisina Hill, New Delhi. The construction of a new parliament building, as well as redeveloping the Rajpath will create a new office and residence for the Indian prime minister, as well as combining all ministerial buildings in a single central secretariat.
The groundbreaking ceremony for the new building was held in October 2020 and the foundation stone was laid on 10 December 2020.
Museum of Democracy
After the inauguration of the New Parliament House, this old parliament building was converted to a Museum of Democracy. In a speech held on 19 September 2023, Prime Minister Narendra Modi proposed that the building be renamed Samvidhan Sadan. Speaker of the Lok Sabha, Om Birla, announced later that day that it had been renamed.
Incidents
Bombing by Bhagat Singh
At 8 April 1929, Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) revolutionary Bhagat Singh threw low-intensity bombs from visitors' gallery into the hall of the Central Legislative Assembly (later, the chamber of the Lok Sabha). Batukeshwar Dutt was also with him, but did not throw any bomb. Both of them hurled pamphlets and shouted anti-imperial and pro-socialist slogans such as "Down with imperialism!", "Workers of the world, unite!", and "Long live the Revolution!". They were arrested. Singh, who was the mastermind, was inspired by French anarchist Auguste Vaillant who had bombed the French Chamber of Deputies in the year 1893. HSRA's revolutionaries intended to spread ideas of revolution and inspire Indians to fight against the Government. Due to the explosions, minor injuries were inflicted on the people sitting in the chamber.
2001 terror attack
On 13 December 2001, five terrorists from Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) and Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) - two Pakistan-raised terrorist organisations - entered the grounds of Parliament and attempted to invade the building. They were all killed outside the building. The attack led to the deaths of six Delhi Police personnel, two Parliament Security Services personnel, and a gardener – nine others in total – and led to increased tensions between India and Pakistan, resulting in the 2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff.
Gallery
See also
New Parliament House, New Delhi
References
External links
Parliament of India
Government buildings in Delhi
Herbert Baker buildings and structures |
John Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute PC, FRS (30 June 1744 – 16 November 1814), styled Lord Mount Stuart until 1792 and known as The Earl of Bute between 1792 and 1794, was a British nobleman, coalfield owner, diplomat and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1766 to 1776.
Early life
Stuart was born at Mount Stuart House on the Isle of Bute, the son of prime minister John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, and his wife Mary Wortley Montagu. He was educated at Harrow School and Winchester College. He went to the University of Oxford, where he had private tuition from James Bladen. The degree of D.C.L., awarded to him by the university in 1793, was honorary.
Around 1757 Stuart began to be tutored by the philosopher Adam Ferguson.
Political career
Lord Mount Stuart was returned as Tory Member of Parliament for Bossiney at a by-election in 1766. He was returned in the general elections of 1768 and 1774.
On 2 November 1775, he announced in the House of Commons his intention to introduce a bill to establish a militia in Scotland, and during the next few months James Boswell assisted in seeking support for the bill in Scotland. In March 1776 the bill was debated, but ultimately failed to pass. He left the House of Commons in 1776 when he was elevated to the Peerage of Great Britain in his own right as Baron Cardiff, of Cardiff Castle in the County of Glamorgan. Though this title was also used, he continued to be known by his courtesy title of Lord Mount Stuart. (He ranked higher in the order of precedence as the heir to an earldom than he did as a substantive baron.) He served as Lord Lieutenant of Glamorgan from 1772 to 1793 and, from 1794 to his death, taking command of the Glamorgan Militia as Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant when it was embodied on 26 March 1778.
In 1779, Lord Mount Stuart was sworn of the Privy Council and was sent as an envoy to the court of Turin. He was ambassador to Spain in 1783.
He held the sinecure of Auditor of the imprests from 1781 until the abolition of the office in 1785, upon which he was paid £7000 compensation. He was the first Lord Lieutenant of Buteshire from 1794 until his death.
Lord Mount Stuart succeeded his father in the earldom in 1792. In 1794 he was created Viscount Mountjoy, in the Isle of Wight, Earl of Windsor and Marquess of Bute. (The Mountjoy and Windsor titles recognised the Barony of Mountjoy and Viscountcy of Windsor previously held by his father-in-law, the 2nd Viscount Windsor, which had both become extinct on Lord Windsor's death in 1758.) Lord Bute was inducted as a Fellow of the Royal Society on 12 December 1799.
Family
Lord Mount Stuart married an heiress, the Honourable Charlotte Hickman-Windsor (1746–1800), daughter of Herbert Hickman-Windsor, 2nd Viscount Windsor, on 12 November 1766. They had seven sons and two daughters. Those included:
John Stuart, Lord Mount Stuart (25 September 1767 – 22 January 1794), whose son succeeded as 2nd Marquess
Lord Evelyn Stuart (1773–1842), a colonel in the army
Lady Charlotte Stuart (c. 1775 – 5 September 1847), married Sir William Homan, 1st Baronet
Lord Henry Stuart (7 June 1777 – 19 August 1809), father of Henry Villiers-Stuart, 1st Baron Stuart de Decies
Captain Lord William Stuart (18 November 1778 – 28 July 1814)
Rear-Admiral Lord George Stuart (1 March 1780 – 19 February 1841)
Charlotte died on 28 January 1800. He then married Frances Coutts, daughter of Thomas Coutts, on 17 September 1800. They had two children:
Lady Frances Stuart (d. 29 March 1859) - Dudley Ryder, 2nd Earl of Harrowby
Lord Dudley Coutts Stuart (11 January 1803 – 17 November 1854)
His second wife outlived him, and died on 12 November 1832.
In 1799 he (or his immediate family benefit trust) was estimated the second-wealthiest small family unit in Britain owning £4.2M (), notably as to coal-bearing and agricultural land.
Footnotes
References
Paola Bianchi, Nella specola dell'ambasciatore. Torino agli occhi di John Stuart, lord Mountstuart e marchese di Bute (1779-1783), in Architettura e città negli Stati sabaudi, a cura di E. Piccoli e F. De Pieri, Macerata, Quodlibet, 2012, pp. 135–160
External links
|-
|-
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1744 births
1814 deaths
People educated at Winchester College
Alumni of the University of Oxford
British MPs 1761–1768
British MPs 1768–1774
British MPs 1774–1780
Children of prime ministers of the United Kingdom
Diplomatic peers
Peers of Great Britain created by George III
Fellows of the Royal Society
Lord-Lieutenants of Buteshire
Lord-Lieutenants of Glamorgan
Glamorgan Militia officers
Mount Stuart, John Stuart, Lord
Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain
Mount Stuart, John Stuart, Lord
1
Ambassadors of Great Britain to Spain
People educated at Harrow School |
Kosy Knook Court is a bungalow court located at 830 Brooks Avenue in Pasadena, California. The court was constructed in 1922 and designed by G. W. Tombleson. The court includes five identical homes arranged around a central path; it originally included two garages as well, which have since been removed. The homes were designed in the Colonial Revival style and feature entrance porticos, windows with multiple panes, wood siding, and jerkinhead roofs.
The court was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 15, 1994.
References
Bungalow courts
Houses in Pasadena, California
Houses completed in 1922
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in California
National Register of Historic Places in Pasadena, California
Colonial Revival architecture in California
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in California |
Scanpix Scandinavia is a stock photography agency. It is the leading distributor of photographic services in Scandinavia, and has independent branches in Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Estonia. Scanpix provides daily news services to subscribing newspapers. Its other customers includes magazines, advertising agencies and publishing houses. Among other company operations, Scanpix archives over 12 million photographs digitally and millions more physically.
Scanpix was founded after a merger between Scan-Foto and the photographic department of NTB Pluss in 1999.
Norway
Scanpix Norway has 48 employees, including 12 photographers. They also sell photographs on behalf of over 80 different agencies, including Associated Press, Reuters and Agence France-Presse. Scanpix Norway is owned by NTB and Schibsted. In 2006 they had a revenue close to 100 million Norwegian kroner.
Sweden
Scanpix Sweden has 50 employees, including photographers. In 2006 they had a revenue of 110 million Swedish kronor and is owned by Bonnier, Schibsted and TT.
Denmark
Scanpix Denmark is owned by the Danish newspaper Berlingske Tidende. They have the largest archive of historical photographs in Denmark, counting over 20 million photographs.
References
External links
Scanpix Scandinavia
Scanpix Norway
Scanpix Sweden
Scanpix Denmark
Scanpix Baltics
Photography companies of Norway
Photography companies of Denmark
Photography companies of Sweden |
Proseniško () is a settlement in the Municipality of Šentjur, eastern Slovenia. It lies on the regional road leading east from Celje to Ponikva. Its proximity to Celje, the third-largest city in Slovenia, has made Proseniško the second most populous settlement in the Municipality of Šentjur, after the town (and municipal seat) of Šentjur. The settlement, and the entire municipality, are included in the Savinja Statistical Region, which is in the Slovenian portion of the historical Duchy of Styria.
References
External links
Proseniško on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Šentjur |
Asparagus litoralis, common name coastal asparagus, is an evergreen perennial plant species belonging to the genus Asparagus in the monocot family Asparagaceae, according to some sources, including the Black Sea Red Data Book. Other sources do not recognize this species, placing the four synonyms recognized by the Black Sea Red Data Book into two different species:
Asparagus ferganensis Vved, synonym Asparagus monoclados Vved.
Asparagus neglectus Kar et Kir, synonym Asparagus misczenkoi Iljin
Description
For those sources that recognize the species, Asparagus litoralis is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows up to in height. The top of the branches is where flowers normally bloom. In May and June the flowers bloom and in July and August it starts bearing fruit. The population has been declining and is not overly abundant. It is normally pollinated by bumblebees.
Habitat and conservation
When recognized as a single species, its habitat is coastal, including sandy and rocky areas. It is vulnerable in the Black Sea region.
References
litoralis
Plants described in 1857 |
The Patras Science Park is a science park located in Patras, Greece near the University of Patras and the University Hospital of Rio. The site is the home for many high technology companies in Western Greece.
Companies
The following companies and institutes are current or former residents of the Science Park:
Atmel, A San Jose, California-based Semiconductor company
Analogies SA, a high speed wired and wireless connectivity Semiconductor intellectual property core company
ByteMobile, acquired by Citrix Systems
Nanoradio, a Swedish fabless wireless connectivity semiconductor company, acquired by Samsung
Think Silicon, an embedded GPU company
Velti, a mobile marketing and advertising company
References
External links
Patras Science Park
Science parks in Greece
Patras |
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