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The Ditmar Award (formally the Australian SF ("Ditmar") Award; formerly the "Australian Science Fiction Achievement Award") has been awarded annually since 1969 at the Australian National Science Fiction Convention (the "Natcon") to recognise achievement in Australian science fiction (including fantasy and horror) and science fiction fandom. The award is similar to the Hugo Award but on a national rather than international scale. They are named for Martin James Ditmar "Dick" Jenssen, an Australian fan and artist, who financially supported the awards at their inception. The current rules for the award (which had for many years been specified only in the minimalist "Jack Herman constitution") were developed in 2000 and 2001 as a result of controversy resulting from the withdrawal of the works of several prominent writers from eligibility, and the rules are subject to revision by the "Business Meeting" of the Natcon. Process Award-eligible works and persons are first nominated by "natural persons active in fandom, or from full or supporting members of the national convention of the year of the award". Nominations are compiled into a ballot (currently by a sub-committee composed primarily of standing committee members elected at the National SF Convention business meeting) which is distributed to members of the convention, and the previous year's convention, for voting, which may continue into the period of the convention ("at-Con voting") at the discretion of the committee. Finalists are given a certificate honouring their achievement and winners are presented with a trophy. 1991 In 1991 trophies were presented twice. The original trophies were in the form of stuffed cane toads. 2000 In 2000 the awards were cancelled and re-run, resulting in two sets of nominations that year. The second set of nominations included Greg Egan's Teranesia as a finalist for the Ditmar Award for Best Novel despite Egan having attempted to decline nomination of his work. It was determined that an author could refuse an award, but not a nomination. Accordingly, Egan's novel remained on the ballot, and was permitted to win the award, which he then declined. Egan had earlier attempted to withdraw all his works "into the indefinite future" from consideration for the Ditmar Awards in order to give himself greater freedom to state his views on the awards process. Categories Categories were traditionally the prerogative of the convention committee (a situation which ultimately led to presentation of an Award for Best Fannish Cat) and regularly included "international" categories. This situation was changed by the formalisation of the categories as part of the rules. Current awards Best Novel Best Novella or Novelette Best Short Story Best Collected Work Best Artwork Best Fan Writer Best Fan Artist Best Fan Publication in any Medium Best New Talent William Atheling Jr. Award for Criticism or Review The current rules permit merger of the Best Novella or Novelette and Best Short Story categories into a single category for Best Short Fiction. History of Categories When the Awards were first presented in 1969, there were four categories: Best Australian Science Fiction of any length, or collection Best International Science Fiction of any length, or collection Best Contemporary Writer of Science Fiction Best Australian Amateur Science Fiction Publication or Fanzine There continued to be at least one "International" category and multiple "Australian" categories until 1986, except that in 1974 there were no Ditmar Awards, and that in 1982 "Australasian" replaced "Australian" in category names. (Those two complications are ignored in the following summary.) International Categories A category for Best International Fiction survived until 1986, and there was also an award in that category in 1989. An award for Best Contemporary Author that did not require nominees to be Australian was presented in 1969. An award for Best International Publication was presented in 1970. The William Atheling Jr Award when it was introduced in 1976, did not require nominees to be Australian, whereas it now does. (Also, it has, rightly or wrongly, not always been regarded as a Ditmar Award.) Australian Fiction Apart from there being an award for Best Professional Magazine in 1970, there was a single category for Best Australian Fiction until 1977, in which year there was also a special award for a specific short story. For most years from 1978 to 1998, there were two categories for Australian fiction, one for Best Australian Short Fiction and one either for Best Australian Long Fiction or, more specifically, for Best Australian Novel. (There was a single category for Best Australian Fiction in 1979, 1980 and 1983. In 1993, there was an additional award for Best Periodical; In 1996, there was one for best Publication/Fanzine/Periodical.) From 1999 to 2003, there were awards in three categories, that for Best Long Fiction having been split into one for Novels and one for Collected Works. (In 1999, the latter category was phrased as being for Best Australian Magazine or Anthology.) From 2004, the Best Short Fiction category has been split into one for Best Novella or Novelette and one for Best Short Story. Australian Fan Publications There has continued to be an award category in which fanzines are eligible, for many years termed Best Australian Fanzine. From 2002 to 2004 and 2006 to 2008, there were two categories for fan publications, one for fanzines and one not. In 1993, the category in which fanzines were eligible was one for Best Periodical; in 1996, it was a category for Best Publication/Fanzine/Periodical; in 2001, it was a category for Best Australian Fan Production. Nowadays, there is a category for Best Australian Fan Publication in any Medium. William Atheling Jr Award The William Atheling Jr Award, for reviews or criticism, has been presented in most years since 1976. This was originally not considered a Ditmar Award, but has subsequently become classified as one. Fan Writer There has been an award category for Best Australian Fan Writer in most years since 1979. Artist There was an award category for Best Australian Science Fiction or Fantasy Artist from 1980 to 1987. In 1983 and 1984, there was also an award category for Best Australian Science Fiction or Fantasy Cartoonist. In 1998, there was an award for Best Artwork/Artist. Artwork There was an award category for Best Dramatic Presentation in 1973, 1985 and 1998. There has been an award either for Best Artwork or Best Professional Artwork since 1993. (In 2005 and 2008, there was an award for Best Fan Art.) Editor From 1983 to 1985, there was an award category for Best Australian Science Fiction or Fantasy Editor. Outstanding Contribution In 1987 only, a Ditmar Award was presented for Outstanding Contribution to Australian Fandom. Fan Artist There has been an award category for Best Fan Artist in most years since 1988. In 2005 and 2008, awards were announced for Best Fan Art instead of Best Fan Artist. Fannish Cat In 1991 only there was a Ditmar Award for Best Fannish Cat. In 2010, there was an award for Best Fannish Cat, but it was not a Ditmar Award that year. New Talent There has been an award category for Best New Talent since 2001. Achievements In most of the years from 2001 to 2008, there were awards for Best Professional Achievement and for Best Fan Achievement. These two categories were merged into a single category for Best Achievement in the years 2009 to 2011. These categories have been discontinued. Special Awards (not necessarily in all cases Ditmar Awards) have been presented at Ditmar Award ceremonies, including those held in 1971, 1977, 1983, 1985, 1992 and 1995. References External links Locus Index to SF Awards listing current official Ditmar rules Science Fiction Awards Watch listing Overview of Ditmar Award page at ISFDB Australian science fiction awards Awards established in 1969
Diabolic is an American death metal band from Tampa Bay, Florida, United States, founded in 1996 by bassist/vocalist Paul Ouellette, drummer Aantar Lee Coates and guitarist Brian Malone. Biography The earliest beginnings of Diabolic started in 1996, when drummer Aantar Coates (Exmortis, Horror of Horrors, Unholy Ghost, Blastmasters) teamed up with guitarist Kelly McLauchlin (Pessimist, Unholy Ghost, Possessed) to record the first 4-song Diabolic demo. Although this demo was never officially released, and sent only to select contacts in the underground, it marked the beginning of success to follow for the band. By January 1997, Diabolic drummer/founder Aantar Coates had relocated to Tampa, Florida and after forming the first complete lineup, recorded and released the successful demo City of the Dead. This demo immediately got the band noticed in the worldwide underground press and was later released as MCD on Fadeless Records. By 1998, Diabolic made their debut live appearance opening for Vader in Tampa, Florida followed by Milwaukee Metalfest XII. The lineup was soon solidified to include Aantar Coates on drums, Paul Ouellette on lead guitar and vocals, Brian Malone on lead guitars, and Ed Webb on bass. In 1999, Diabolic recorded their debut full-length album Supreme Evil. This CD, which was mastered at Morrisound Recording Studios in Tampa and featured the artwork of Joe Petagno (Motörhead, Marduk, Krisiun), was released on Conquest/Hammerheart Records and received a multitude of excellent reviews and established an enormous international underground following for the band. More live shows soon followed, and the band continued gaining notoriety and writing for their next release. The following year in 2000, Diabolic recorded their second full-length album Subterraneal Magnitude, again released on Conquest/Hammerheart Records. Produced by Juan "Punchy" Gonzalez (Morbid Angel, Terrorizer), this album expanded the unique Diabolic sound to new extremes. By this time, vocalist Paul Ouellette had switched to bass, and the band had recruited Brian Hipp (Brutality, Cradle of Filth, Acheron) on lead guitars. It once again featured the art of Joe Petagno. Diabolic was soon enlisted for the "Death Metal Massacre Tour 2000", opening for Cannibal Corpse, God Dethroned and Hate Eternal, playing to sold-out venues for four weeks, all across the USA. In 2001, Diabolic was honored to be chosen for the prestigious Metal Maniacs "Xmass Ball Tour 2001", opening for Enslaved and Macabre (which included a one-off with Lacuna Coil), followed by a 3-week North American Tour of the U.S. and Canada, supporting Marduk and Amon Amarth. Later that same year, Diabolic was hand-picked to open several dates across the southern U.S. with death metal pioneers Morbid Angel. In 2002, Diabolic signed to Century Media/Olympic Records and surpassed all earlier releases with their third CD, Vengeance Ascending. Once again produced by Juan "Punchy" Gonzalez, this devastating attack redefined extreme metal in a relentless onslaught of anger, vengeance, and victory. Again this CD featured the art of Joe Petagno, and new lead guitarist recruit Jerry Mortellaro. The band then departed on a month-long, sold-out U.S. Tour supporting Dimmu Borgir, Cryptopsy, and Krisiun, further solidifying the band as one of the underground's most ferocious upcoming death metal acts. In November 2002 Diabolic made their European debut, for a month-long tour of 10 countries in support of Behemoth, Deströyer 666, and Deicide. By 2003, and after the European Tour, the band had gone through several major lineup changes. Gone was the original lineup, who had all been replaced. Led by sole remaining original member Brian Malone, the band recorded their fourth full-length CD, Infinity Through Purification. Produced by Neil Kernon (Cannibal Corpse, Nile, Judas Priest) and released on Century Media Records, but without the trademark Diabolic of the past it garnered lackluster reviews. The band had even secured an opening slot on Deicide's upcoming U.S. Tour, but soon after the album's release, it was announced that the band was being dissolved permanently. It seemed that this would be the end of Diabolic. Meanwhile, Diabolic original members Aantar Cotes (drums), Paul Ouellette (vocals, bass) along with guitarists Kelly McLauchlin (Pessimist, Unholy Ghost, Possessed) and Jerry Mortellaro (also formerly of Diabolic) had joined together in 2003 to form a new band, Unholy Ghost. The band signed to Century Media/Olympic Recs, and released the debut CD Torrential Reign, produced by Juan "Punchy" Gonzalez (Morbid Angel, Terrorizer) as well as recorded a video for "Under Existence", released on Century Media Europe DVD. The band went on to play several high profile fests such as "Sun 'n' Steel" Florida Metalfest, Snakenet.com "Metal Nation" Fest, Las Vegas Metalfest, and "Gathering of the Bestial Legions" Metalfest in Los Angeles. Despite its apparent success, Unholy Ghost soon disbanded in 2005 and lead guitarist Kelly McLauchlin went back to work with Pessimist, and drummer Aantar Coates went on to form yet another new band, Blastmasters. By 2006, and amidst legal battles over the rights to use the name, Diabolic had re-formed. Original drummer Aantar Coates along with Unholy Ghost/Pessimist guitarist Kelly McLauchlin and parts of the Blastmasters lineup (RJ/guitars and Jesse Jolly/bass, Vox) recorded their comeback EP, Possessed By Death in 2007. Then after re-enlisting original bassist/vocalist Paul Ouellette in 2008, the band recorded yet another new EP, Chaos in Hell. Both self-produced EPs were recorded at DOW studios in Tampa, Florida again with long-time producer Juan "Punchy" Gonzalez. The band then signed to Deathgasm Records in 2008, and released both EPs on one CD, Chaos in Hell/Possessed by Death. Diabolic continued by playing select shows in Tampa with Monstrosity and Six Feet Under, and festivals including "Mayhem in May" in Louisville, Kentucky and "Gathering of the Bestial Legions III" Metalfest in Hollywood, California. The band returned once again to DOW Studios and longtime producer Juan "Punchy" Gonzalez (Morbid Angel, Terrorizer, Unholy Ghost) and in 2010, Diabolic released the album, Excisions of Exorcisms on Deathgasm Records with a return to a core lineup that featured original drummer Aantar Coates (Unholy Ghost, Exmortis, Horror of Horrors, Blastmasters), original bassist/vocalist Paul Ouellette (Unholy Ghost), and lead guitarists Kelly McLauchlin (Unholy Ghost, Pessimist, Possessed) and Jeff Parrish (Blastmasters). In April 2010, Diabolic was hand-selected to open the first several dates of the Cannibal Corpse "Evisceration Plague" Tour (in place of 1349), including shows in Atlanta GA, Raleigh NC, Washington DC and Long Island, NY. The band then made festival appearances at Las Vegas Deathfest II and Hostile City Death Fest II in Philadelphia, PA. Jeff Parrish died on February 14, 2013, from a heart attack in his sleep. He was 40 years old. Diabolic is currently writing new music for the next CD. Lineup Aantar Lee Coates - drums (1996–2002, 2004–present) Kelly McLauchlin - guitars (1996-1997, 2006–2010, 2015-present) Jerry Mortellaro - guitars (2001–2002, 2016–present) Paul Ouellette - vocals, bass (1998–2002, 2007–2010, 2012–present), guitar (1997-1998, 2007) Former members Brian Malone - guitars (1997–2004) Bryan Hipp - guitars (2000-2001) Eric Hersemann - guitars (2002–2004) Jeff Parrish - guitars (2007–2013) RJ Reinagle - guitars (2006–2007, 2011–2015) Rutger A. Cole - bass (1996-1997) Jesse Jolly - vocals, bass (2006) John C. Hall III - vocals, bass (2011–2012) Edwin Webb - bass (1997-1998, 1998-2000, 2003–2007), vocals (1998-2000, 2003-2008) Tony Blakk - vocals, bass (2008-2009) Gaël Barthelemy - drums (2003–2004) Timeline Discography Supreme Evil (1998) City of the Dead - EP (1999) Subterraneal Magnitude (2001) Vengeance Ascending (2001) Infinity Through Purification (2003) Shellfire and Tombstones (2006) Possessed By Death EP (2007) Chaos In Hell EP (2007) Excisions of Exorcisms (2010) Mausoleum of the Unholy Ghost (2020) External links Official Website Official Facebook Official MySpace Death metal musical groups from Florida Musical groups established in 1998
The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism () or MCIT, is the national executive ministry of the Government of Colombia concerned with promoting economic growth though trade, tourism and industrial growth. List ministers of commerce, industry and tourism References Economy of Colombia Tourism in Colombia Colombia, Commerce, Industry and Tourism Colombia, Commerce, Industry and Tourism 2002 establishments in Colombia Industry in Colombia
Dana Gibson Hoyt was the thirteenth president of Sam Houston State University. She was appointed on September 1, 2010, following unanimous approval by The Texas State University System. She is the first female president in the university’s history. Accomplishments Dr. Hoyt is a product of the Texas educational system, growing up and attending schools in north Texas. She also attended Texas universities, earning a Bachelor of Science degree in business-accounting and a Master of Business Administration at Texas Woman's University and a doctorate in business at the University of Texas at Arlington. A Certified Public Accountant since 1984, Dr. Hoyt began her career in private industry. In 1986 she joined academia when she was employed by Texas Woman’s University as a lecturer in accounting and management information systems. She was promoted to assistant professor in 1989, and later received tenure as an associate professor of accounting and management information systems. In 1996, Dr. Hoyt was named TWU’s special assistant to the vice president for finance and administration. She was promoted to associate vice president for finance and administration and university controller and was named vice president for academic and information services in 2000. She left Texas Woman’s University to become vice president for finance and administration of the YMCA of Metropolitan Denver (Colorado). After serving two years, she was named vice chancellor for administration and finance at the University of Colorado at Denver (and Health Sciences Center) where she oversaw a budget of more than $700 million with funded research of $300 million. Dr. Hoyt returned to Texas as the vice president for business and finance at Southern Methodist University. After her service at SMU, she was selected as president of National University, the second largest not-for-profit university in California. In 2009, she joined Sam Houston State University as vice president for finance and operations. Her responsibilities included the administration of many of the business functions of the university including the controller’s office, budget, auxiliary operations, procurement, property, public safety, parking, human resources, facilities management, construction and planning, information resources, and institutional research and assessment. In 2014, the SHSU president, who had previously been known as Dana L. Gibson, announced that she had married and would be known as Dana G. Hoyt. References Living people Sam Houston State University Sam Houston State University faculty University of Texas at Arlington alumni Texas Woman's University alumni American women academics Year of birth missing (living people) 21st-century American women
Ikaros may refer to: IKAROS, a Japanese satellite Ikaros (island), an island in the Aegean Sea Ikaros (Failaka Island), an ancient Greek city in the Persian Gulf Ikaros (mythology), a figure in Greek mythology Ikaros, a character in Heaven's Lost Property Ikaros, a transcription factor encoded by the human IKZF1 gene
Imeni Babushkina (), formerly Ledengskoye (), is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Babushkinsky District of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the banks of the Ledenga River. It also serves as the administrative center of Babushkinsky Selsoviet, one of the fifteen selsoviets into which the district is administratively divided. Municipally, it is the administrative center of Babushkinskoye Rural Settlement. Population: Prior to 1941, it was known as Ledengskoye. Both the district and the selo were renamed in March 1941 to commemorate Bolshevik revolutionary Ivan Babushkin, who was born in Ledengskoye. History In the 14th century, salt was discovered in the valley of the Ledenga, and the selo of Ledengskoye was historically known for salt production. In the 19th century, Ledengskoye belonged to Totemsky Uyezd of Vologda Governorate. On July 15, 1929 Ledengsky District with the administrative center in the selo of Ledengskoye was established as part of Vologda Okrug of Northern Krai. From 1841, the salt water of Ledengskoye was used for medical purposes. In 1989, the Ledengsk Spa Resort was open. The resort uses underground lakes with high concentration of salt. Economy The salt production was traditionally the main occupation of the population of Ledengskoye, but it is extinct. The economy of babushkinsky District is based on timber production. Transportation A paved road connecting Totma with Nikolsk passes through Imeni Babushkina. Before the road between Totma and Veliky Ustyug along the Sukhona was completed in the 2000s, this was the only road connecting Vologda and Totma to Veliky Ustyug. There is regular bus traffic. Culture and recreation Imeni Babushkina contains one object (a monument to Ivan Babushkin) classified as cultural heritage of the federal significance and eight objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. These are the buildings of Ledengskoye Salt Production Factory, the church ensemble, and the house where Ivan Babushkin was born. The Memorial Museum of Ivan Babushkin is located in Imeni Babushkina. References Notes Sources Rural localities in Babushkinsky District Babushkinsky District, Vologda Oblast Totemsky Uyezd
Zimbabwe began experiencing a period of considerable political and economic upheaval in 1999. Opposition to President Mugabe and the ZANU-PF government grew considerably after the mid-1990s in part due to worsening economic and human rights conditions. The Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) was established in September 1999 as an opposition party founded by trade unionist Morgan Tsvangirai. The MDC's first opportunity to test opposition to the Mugabe government came in February 2000, when a referendum was held on a draft constitution proposed by the government. Among its elements, the new constitution would have permitted President Mugabe to seek two additional terms in office, granted government officials immunity from prosecution, and authorised government seizure of white-owned land. The referendum was handily defeated. Shortly thereafter, the government, through a loosely organised group of war veterans, sanctioned an aggressive land redistribution program often characterised by forced expulsion of white farmers and violence against both farmers and farm employees. Parliamentary elections held in June 2000 were marred by localised violence, and claims of electoral irregularities and government intimidation of opposition supporters. Nonetheless, the MDC succeeded in capturing 57 of 120 seats in the National Assembly. 2002 The Youth brigade assaulted residents of Ruwa and Mabvuku on 2 January 2002 sealing off the towns of Bindura, Chinhoyi and Karoi on 8 January as part of a recruiting drive and to weed out members of the Movement for Democratic Change before the upcoming elections. Militants petrol bombed the offices of The Daily News, Zimbabwe's main independent daily newspaper, on 11 February. Kenneth Walker reported on National Public Radio on 15 February that the Zimbabwean government had sent troops into Matabeleland. The legislature passed a law in May, giving 2,900 farmers 45 days to wind up operations and another 45 days to leave their land and make way for black settlers. In July the High Court under Judge Feargus Blackie sentenced Patrick Chinamasa, the Justice Minister, to three months in jail on contempt of court charges after the minister repeatedly ignored a court summons. Chinamasa ignored the ruling and police refused to arrest him. The High Court ruled against the state on 8 August in the confiscation of Andrew Kockett's farm because it had not informed the National Merchant Bank, the mortgage holder. Some farmers vacated their land in connection with the expropriation law originally passed in May, but police arrested more than 300 white farmers who refused to vacate their land on 16 August. A bomb exploded at the Voice of the People, an independent radio station in Harare, on 29 August. Police arrested twelve sugar cane farmers from the Chiredzi area in September for refusing to leave their farms. Police arrest Feargus Blackie, a former High Court Judge, is arrested on 13 September. Police find Learnmore Jongwe, a Movement for Democratic Change MP, dead in his prison cell on 22 October. Police had originally arrested Jongwe for allegedly murdering his wife. Presidential elections were held in March 2002. In the months leading up to the poll, ZANU-PF, with the support of the army, security services and especially the so-called 'war veterans' – very few of whom actually fought in the Second Chimurenga against the Smith regime in the 1970s – set about wholesale intimidation and suppression of the MDC-led opposition. Despite strong international criticism, these measures, together with organised subversion of the electoral process, ensured a Mugabe victory. The government's behaviour drew strong criticism from the EU and the US, which imposed limited sanctions against the leading members of the Mugabe regime. Since the 2002 election, Zimbabwe has suffered further economic difficulty and growing political chaos. Opposition activists were "hunted down, beaten, tortured and in some cases murdered." 2003 As a direct result of the farm seizures in the previous few years, Zimbabwe entered into an unprecedented food crisis. Most of the countries food was produced by roughly one thousand large commercial farms owned by White Zimbabweans. When those farms were violently occupied by the Zimbabwean government, they were then redistributed to black Zimbabweans. However, in most cases they were given to members of the ruling party who had political connections, and in almost no cases were they given to anyone who had experience farming. As a result, the "landless peasants" who Mugabe has promised land mostly remained landless, however as of 2003 the country was plunged into an emergency in which there was not enough food to feed the population or even stock most grocery stores. By 2003, Zimbabwe's economy was the fastest shrinking economy in Africa. From 1984 to 1999, the United Nations' World Food Programme relied on Zimbabwean agriculture to produce food used for food aid throughout the rest of Africa, however, by 2003 the situation had reversed, and the WFP had to hire hundreds of international and Zimbabwean aid workers to distribute food throughout Zimbabwe for the first time ever. Western governments, including the United States and the United Kingdom, gave the organization $300 million to feed some 5.5 million Zimbabweans, nearly 50 percent of the country's population. In February, and then once more in December, opinion polls showed that the United Kingdom remained the "most positively viewed foreign country" in Zimbabwe, despite President Mugabe's very public feud with the British government. The 2003 Cricket World Cup, partially hosted by Zimbabwe, was marred by threats of violence and instability for the first time in the history of the institution, as Mugabe's government threatened players of the England cricket team with physical violence, leading several nations to refuse to play in Zimbabwe. The 2003 Cricket World Cup Final was the second most-watched television event of the year in Zimbabwe The 2003 Rugby World Cup Final was the most-watched television event in Zimbabwe in 2003. Global audience figures for the 2003 Rugby World Cup final totalled between 22 and 30 million. The treason trial of Morgan Tsvangirai began in the High Court in Harare on 3 February. President Robert Mugabe issued a decree on 7 December, announcing that Zimbabwe was permanently withdrawing from the Commonwealth to protest the organisation's criticism of ZANU-PF and the government's policies. Canaan Banana, Methodist minister, theologian and the first President of Zimbabwe, died of cancer on 10 November in London at the age of 67. 3,800 deaths from AIDS occurred in Zimbabwe each week of 2003. 2004–2005 Divisions within the opposition MDC had begun to fester early in the decade, after Morgan Tsvangirai (the president of the MDC) was lured into a government sting operation that videotaped him talking of Mr. Mugabe's removal from power. He was subsequently arrested and put on trial on treason charges. This crippled his control of party affairs and raised questions about his competence. It also catalysed a major split within the party. In 2004 he was acquitted, but not after suffering serious abuse and mistreatment in prison. The opposing faction was led by Welshman Ncube who was the general secretary of the party. In mid-2004, vigilantes loyal to Mr. Tsvangirai began attacking members who were mostly loyal to Ncube, climaxing in a September raid on the party's Harare headquarters in which the security director was nearly thrown to his death. The Committee to Protect Journalists released a list of the ten most hazardous countries for journalists on 2 May 2004 placing Zimbabwe third after Iraq and Cuba as the most dangerous place to be a journalist. An internal party inquiry later established that aides to Tsvangirai had tolerated, if not endorsed, the violence. Divisive as the violence was, it was a debate over the rule of law that set off the party's final break-up in November 2005. These division severely weakened the opposition. In addition the government employed its own operatives to both spy on each side and to undermine each side via acts of espionage. Zimbabwean parliamentary election, 2005 were held in March 2005 in which ZANU-PF won a two-thirds majority, were again criticised by international observers as being flawed. Mugabe's political operatives were thus able to weaken the opposition internally and the security apparatus of the state was able to destabilise it externally by using violence in anti-Mugabe strongholds to prevent citizens from voting. Some voters were 'turned away' from polling station despite having proper identification, further guaranteeing that the government could control the results. Additionally Mugabe had started to appoint with judges sympathetic to the government, making any judicial appeal futile. Mugabe was also able to appoint 30 of the Members of Parliament. As Senate elections approached further opposition splits occurred. Ncube's supporters argued that the M.D.C. should field a slate of candidates; Tsvangirai's argued for a boycott. When party leaders voted on the issue, Ncube's side narrowly won, but Mr. Tsvangirai declared that as president of the party he was not bound by the majority's decision. Again the opposition was weakened. As a result, the elections for a new Senate in November 2005 were largely boycotted by the opposition. Mugabe's party won 24 of the 31 constituencies where elections were held amid low voter turnout. Again, evidence surfaced of voter intimidation and fraud. In May 2005 the government began Operation Murambatsvina. It was officially billed to rid urban areas of illegal structures, illegal business enterprises, and criminal activities. In practice its purpose was to punish political opponents. The UN estimates 700,000 people have been left without jobs or homes as a result. Families and traders, especially at the beginning of the operation, were often given no notice before police destroyed their homes and businesses. Others were able to salvage some possessions and building materials but often had nowhere to go, despite the government's statement that people should be returning to their rural homes. Thousands of families were left unprotected in the open in the middle of Zimbabwe's winter. The government interfered with non-governmental organisation (NGO) efforts to provide emergency assistance to the displaced in many instances. Some families were removed to transit camps, where they had no shelter or cooking facilities and minimal food, supplies, and sanitary facilities. The operation continued into July 2005, when the government began a program to provide housing for the newly displaced. Human Rights Watch said the evictions had disrupted treatment for people with HIV/Aids in a country where 3,000 die from the disease each week and about 1.3 million children have been orphaned. The operation was "the latest manifestation of a massive human rights problem that has been going on for years", said Amnesty International. As of September 2006, housing construction fell far short of demand, and there were reports that beneficiaries were mostly civil servants and ruling party loyalists, not those displaced. The government campaign of forced evictions continued in 2006, albeit on a lesser scale. In September 2005 Mugabe signed constitutional amendments that reinstituted a national senate (abolished in 1987) and that nationalised all land. This converted all ownership rights into leases. The amendments also ended the right of landowners to challenge government expropriation of land in the courts and marked the end of any hope of returning any land that had been hitherto grabbed by armed land invasions. Elections for the senate in November resulted in a victory for the government. The MDC split over whether to field candidates and partially boycotted the vote. In addition to low turnout there was widespread government intimidation. The split in the MDC hardened into factions, each of which claimed control of the party. The early months of 2006 were marked by food shortages and mass hunger. The sheer extremity of the siltation was revealed by the fact that in the courts, state witnesses said they were too weak from hunger to testify. 2006 The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe's governor Gideon Gono issued his fourth quarter monetary policy review statement on 24 January 2006. Joseph Mutima allegedly tried to assassinate Vice President Joyce Majuru that same month. Morgan Tsvangirai's three-day visit to Zambia came to an abrupt end on 2 February when the government deported Tsvangirai and eight senior Movement for Democratic Change officials from Livingstone, Zambia. The Zimbabwean government arrested 420 women, 19 babies and 7 men on 14 February during two Women of Zimbabwe Arise protest marches held in Bulawayo and Harare. The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe announced that it had cleared its US$9 million arrears to the International Monetary Fund on 15 February. Arthur Mutambara addressed a Pro-Senate Movement for Democratic Change faction rally in Bulawayo on 18 March. The Movement for Democratic Change's Congress took place in Harare from 18–19 March. Party members reelected Tsvangirai. Air Zimbabwe started charging fares in U.S. dollars on 20 March. In August 2006 run away inflation forced the government to replace its existing currency with a revalued one. In December 2006, ZANU-PF proposed the "harmonisation" of the parliamentary and presidential election schedules in 2010; the move was seen by the opposition as an excuse to extend Mugabe's term as president until 2010. 2007 Police arrested Morgan Tsvangirai, politician and leader of the Movement for Democratic Change, on 11 March 2007, seriously beating him in a prison in Harare. Tsvangirai sustained a skull fracture, broken wrist, and bruises. Over 200 people are injured by people as the MDC negotiates with the government over Tsvangirai. Two female officers were seriously injured in a fire-bombed attack on a police station in Harare on 14 March. President Mugabe commented on the incident the next day, saying, "When they criticise the government when it tries to prevent violence and punish perpetrators of that violence we take the position that they can go hang." The Australian government floated the idea of evacuating its citizens from Zimbabwe on 16 March. Four ranking members of the MDC were refused permission to leave the country on 17 March with one beaten, suffering a fractured skull. The hospital where Tsvangirai was housed released him on 19 March. Many protestors are injured in scuffles with police the next day. Zambian President Levy Mwanawasa compared the situation in Zimbabwe to a "sinking titanic" on 21 March. The Roman Catholic Archbishop of Bulawayo, Pius Ncube, called for mass public protests to pressure President Mugabe to resign on 22 March and the day after John Howard, the Prime Minister of Australia, called for the world to oust Mugabe. Representatives for the MDC and ZANU-PF met in South Africa in September and agreed to constitutional changes that would allow presidential and parliamentary elections to be held simultaneously in 2008. Ian Smith, the Prime Minister of Rhodesia, died on 20 November at the age of 88. Morgan Tsvangirai was badly beaten on 12 March 2007 after being arrested and held at Machipisa Police Station in the Highfield suburb of Harare. The event garnered an international outcry and was considered particularly brutal and extreme, even for a regime as nefarious as Mugabe's. "We are very concerned by reports of continuing brutal attacks on opposition activists in Zimbabwe and call on the government to stop all acts of violence and intimidation against opposition activists," said Kolawole Olaniyan, Director of Amnesty International's Africa Programme. The economy shrank by 50% from 2000 to 2007. In September 2007 the inflation rate was put at almost 8,000%, the world's highest. There are frequent power and water outages. Harare's drinking water became unreliable in 2006 and as a consequence dysentery and cholera swept the city in December 2006 and January 2007. Unemployment in formal jobs is running at a record 80%. There is widespread famine, which has been cynically manipulated by the government so that opposition strongholds suffer the most. Most recently, supplies of bread have dried up, after a poor wheat harvest, and the closure of all bakeries. The country used to be one of Africa's richest and is now one of its poorest. Many observers now view the country as a 'failed state'. The settlement of the Second Congo War brought back Zimbabwe's substantial military commitment, although some troops remain to secure the mining assets under their control. The government lacks the resources or machinery to deal with the ravages of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, which affects 25% of the population. With all this and the forced and violent removal of white farmers in a brutal land redistribution program, Mugabe has earned himself widespread scorn from the international arena. The regime has managed to cling to power by creating wealthy enclaves for government ministers, and senior party members. For example, Borrowdale Brook, a suburb of Harare is an oasis of wealth and privilege. It features mansions, manicured lawns, full shops with fully stocked shelves containing an abundance of fruit and vegetables, big cars and a golf club give is the home to President Mugabe's out-of-town retreat. Zimbabwe's bakeries shut down in October 2007 and supermarkets warned that they would have no bread for the foreseeable future due to collapse in wheat production after the seizure of white-owned farms. The ministry of agriculture has also blamed power shortages for the wheat shortfall, saying that electricity cuts have affected irrigation and halved crop yields per acre. The power shortages are because Zimbabwe relies on Mozambique for some of its electricity and that due to an unpaid bill of $35 million Mozambique had reduced the amount of electrical power it supplies. On 4 December 2007, The United States imposed travel sanctions against 38 people with ties to President Mugabe because they "played a central role in the regime's escalated human rights abuses." On 8 December 2007, Mugabe attended a meeting of EU and African leaders in Lisbon, prompting UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown to decline to attend. While German PM Angela Merkel criticised Mugabe with her public comments, the leaders of other African countries offered him statements of support. 2008 The world waits in anticipation for the elections in Zimbabwe. Robert Mugabe has made himself unpopular by governing a country where inflation runs at 100,000% – the world's highest – and where people have to scrabble round for food and fuel. The 84-year-old, however, has a tight grip on power after 28 years at the top. All the signs are that Mugabe has ensured that he and his party will win this months presidential, parliamentary and municipal elections. Morgan Tsvangirai, who leads the larger faction of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) is again a contestant. Tsvangirai, a former trade unionist and his party came close to toppling Mugabe in parliamentary elections in 2000 and in a presidential vote in 2002, but his leadership has been questioned since a serious within the MDC over strategy in the November 2005 senate elections. Simba Makoni, the other challenger was formerly a member of Mugabe's own party, Zanu-PF. Makoni, who served 10 years in Mugabe's government including a stint as finance minister, announced his defection from the party on 5 February to enable him to stand as an independent against his former boss and mentor. It is the first time that Mugabe has faced a challenge from within his own ranks. One of the few polls Zimbabwean academics attempted to carry out showed Tsvangirai leading, with Mugabe second and Makoni third. But with more than 20% of people questioned refusing to answer, this can only be seen as a very rough guide. The MDC has accused the government of printing millions of surplus ballot papers, raising the risk of vote-rigging. The MDC said leaked documents showed 9m ballot papers had been ordered for the 5.9 million people registered to vote. Opposition supporters have been beaten by Mugabe's thugs and in last-minute changes to voting procedures, police will be allowed a supervisory role inside polling stations rather than outside, a presence the opposition says is designed to intimidate voters. Under Zimbabwean law, when several candidates contest the presidency the winning candidate must receive at least 51% of the vote, otherwise a second round between the two leading candidates must be held within 21 days. If the results are disputed, the fear is of violence in Zimbabwe's more volatile areas in what could be a repeat of the violent aftermath of the Kenyan elections December. If the election leads to further confrontation, analysts say the African Union (AU) should be ready to quickly offer mediation for a power-sharing agreement and a transitional government. Andebrhan Giorgis, of the International Crisis Group thinktank, has warned: "If the region's leaders were again to recognise an illegitimate government, Zimbabwe's dramatic economic disintegration would continue, and the inevitable next round of the struggle over Mugabe's succession could easily provoke bloodshed." 2009 2 February – The Zimbabwean government announces that one trillion Zimbabwean dollars are revalued as one new Zimbabwean dollar. 11 February – Morgan Tsvangirai is sworn in as the new Prime Minister of Zimbabwe following the power-sharing deal between him and President Robert Mugabe signed in September 2008. 6 March – Morgan Tsvangirai's wife was killed in a car accident in which he was also injured. According to news reports, Mr Tsvangirai was taken to hospital with head and neck injuries. Deterioration of the educational system The educational system in Zimbabwe which was once regarded as among the best in Africa, has gone into crisis because of the country's economic meltdown. Almost a quarter of the teachers have quit the country, absenteeism is high, buildings are crumbling and standards plummeting. One foreign reporter witnessed hundreds of children at Hatcliffe Extension Primary School in Epworth, west of Harare, writing in the dust on the floor because they had no exercise books or pencils. The high school exam system unravelled in 2007. Examiners refused to mark examination papers when they were offered just Z$79 a paper, enough to buy three small candies. Corruption has crept into the system and may explain why in January 2007 thousands of pupils received no marks for subjects they had entered, while others were deemed "excellent" in subjects they had not sat. Various disused offices and storerooms have been turned into makeshift brothels at the University of Zimbabwe in Harare by students and staff who have turned to prostitution to make ends meet. Students are destitute following the institution's refusal in July to re-open their halls of residence, effectively banning students from staying on campus. Student leaders believe this was part of the administration's plan to take revenge on them for their demonstrations over deteriorating standards. References Sources Zimbabwe Zimbabwe
James Vaughan Owen (born 14 January 1991) is a Welsh footballer who plays for Caernarfon Town. He began his career with Chester City, but left in January 2010 when the club experienced financial difficulties. Playing career Born in Caernarfon, Owen is a product of Chester's youth policy and has been capped by Wales at under 17 level. He made his debut in The Football League for Chester away at Port Vale as a late sub when Chester were down to nine men, with his first starting appearance coming at Accrington Stanley in April 2009. He ended the season with seven league appearances to his name, as Chester suffered relegation from Football League Two. In January 2010, he cancelled his contract with the club by mutual consent. After leaving the club, Owen joined Conference rivals Wrexham on trial, scoring in a 3–2 friendly win over Welsh Premier League side Airbus UK Broughton on 20 January. He failed to gain a contract but later signed for Barrow in the same division. Owen spent three seasons with Barrow, but left when the club was relegated to Conference North at the end of the 2012–13 season. He joined Welsh Premier League side Airbus UK in August 2013, spending three years with the club before joining Connah's Quay Nomads. He left the club at the end of the 2021–22 season and joined hometown club Caernarfon Town. Career statistics References External links James Owen career stats at BarrowAFC.com 1991 births Living people People from Caernarfon Sportspeople from Gwynedd Welsh men's footballers Men's association football midfielders Chester City F.C. players Barrow A.F.C. players English Football League players National League (English football) players Wales men's youth international footballers Airbus UK Broughton F.C. players Connah's Quay Nomads F.C. players Cymru Premier players Caernarfon Town F.C. players
General Braithwaite may refer to: Sir John Braithwaite, 1st Baronet (1739–1803), Madras Army major general Walter Braithwaite (1865–1945), British Army general William Garnett Braithwaite (1870–1937), British Army brigadier general
Charles Patrick Daly (October 13, 1816 – September 19, 1899) was a member of the New York State Assembly, Chief Justice of the New York Court of Common Pleas, president of the American Geographical Society, and an author of several books. Early years The Daly ancestors were the O'Dalys of County Galway, Ireland. In 1814, two years before Daly's birth, his parents immigrated to the U.S. from Omagh, County Tyrone, Ireland. Daly was born in New York City, New York, USA. His father, Michael, had been a master carpenter in Ireland, but in New York City, he worked as the manager of a hotel on Broadway. His mother, Elizabeth, died when Daly was age three. Michael remarried. Daly attended private school in his early years. Upon his father's death, Daly was unwilling to rely on a widowed stepmother, leading him to leave school and earn a living. He worked first as a clerk in Savannah, Georgia, before becoming a cabin boy on a trading ship. During his three years as a sailor, he was present at the 1830 capture of Algiers. When he returned to New York in 1832, he became a mechanical trade apprentice for a quill manufacturer, and joined a literary society where he learned how to debate. This led to him becoming a law student and he was admitted to practice law in 1839. Career In 1843, Daly was elected to the New York State Assembly, representing the Fourth Ward of New York City. While in office, he staunchly supported the establishment of Central Park against considerable opposition. The following year, Judge William Inglis' term on the New York Court of Common Pleas expired. On a recommendation of Governor William Marcy, Governor William Bouck appointed Daly to the Court, beginning his term May 1844. When the position changed from an appointed one to an elected one in 1847, Daly ran for election and won, eventually becoming Chief Justice. One of his most notable cases dealt with the Astor Place Riot involving William Charles Macready at the Astor Place Theatre. He served on the court for six consecutive terms, retiring December 30, 1885 because of the constitutional age limit. Ten years later, the Court of Common Pleas was abolished, the judges becoming justices of the New York Supreme Court. For fifteen years, starting in 1860, he lectured on law at Columbia Law School. In 1867, Daly was a member of the New York Constitutional Convention. After leaving the bench, he became a partner in the firm of Daly, Hoyt and Mason. Interests American Geographical Society Called an "armchair explorer" by some, Daly was elected as an Ordinary Member to the American Geographical Society on February 16, 1855, to the Governing Board in 1858, and to its presidency in 1864, a position he held until his death in 1899. As a member, and then president of the AGS, Daly was influential in supporting Arctic expeditions. Daly, a bibliophile, had a personal collection of more than 12,000 volumes. He donated 700 of his geographical books to the AGS on his 75th birthday and during his tenure as President, helped with the AGS's library collection expansion. Other memberships He was an honorary member of the Royal Geographical Society of London, England, the Berlin Geographical Society, and Russia's Imperial Geographical Society. In London in 1895, he was a speaker at the 6th International Geographical Congress. In his early career years, he was a member of the New York Literary Society, the Law Association, Democratic Republican Young Men of the City and County of New York (vice-president), and New York Workingmen's Democratic Republican Association (recording-secretary). Later, Daly was a member of the New York Historical Society, the American Philosophical Society of Pennsylvania, and the Century Association, St. Patrick's Society (president), and Committee for the Relief of Ireland (chairman). Daly became a member of the Peary Arctic Club shortly before his death; the Daly Range in Greenland was named after him by Robert Peary. Personal life Daly met Maria Lydig in 1855. Born in 1824, Maria was the daughter of Philip Mesier Lydig, Esq. (1799–1872) of New York. Philip Lydig was the last holder of the land that subsequently became the Bronx Park; the park now contains the New York Botanical Garden. Her mother, Katherine, was the eldest daughter of John Suydam, a Knickerbocker. Like Daly, Maria was a Democrat and a Unionist. They married September 27, 1856 in West Farms, Westchester County, New York. At age 37, Maria began writing a diary, published as Diary of a Union lady, 1861-1865. She was active in the Democratic Party, the Women's Central Association for the Relief for the Army, and the New York Botanical Garden. She died at their summer home in North Haven, New York (near Sag Harbor) on August 21, 1894. Like his wife, Daly died in North Haven in 1899, rather than at their home in New York City at 84 Clifton Place. His funeral service was held at New York's St. Patrick's Cathedral. The home in North Haven passed on to Maria's niece, Emma Hoyt. Daly's papers, military record, lectures and diaries were donated to the New York Public Library by Emma. A portrait of Daly, painted by Daniel Huntington, hangs at the courtroom of what was the New York Court of Common Pleas. Honors 1860, LL.D. honorary degree conferred by Columbia University 1902, in accordance with Daly's Last Will and Testament, the American Geographical Society established the Charles P. Daly Medal to be awarded "for valuable or distinguished geographical services or labors" "Daly Avenue", in The Bronx, New York, leads to the Bronx Park Judge Daly Promontory in Ellesmere Island, Canada. Partial works (1855). Historical sketch of the judicial tribunals of New York from 1623 to 1846, OCLC 12144261 (1860). Naturalization embracing the past history of the subject and the present state of the law, OCLC 20789871 (1862). Are the southern privateersmen pirates?, OCLC 3836337 (1872). Barratry. Its origin, history and meaning, in the maritime laws, OCLC 43957835 (1893). The settlement of Jews in North America, OCLC 123142093 (1896). First theater in America. When was the drama first introduced in America? An inquiry; including a consideration of the objections that have been made to the stage, OCLC 246813512 References Further reading Hammond, H. E. (1954). A commoner's judge; The life and times of Charles Patrick Daly. Boston: Christopher Pub. House. OCLC 3425256 External links Photo of portrait 1816 births 1899 deaths Members of the New York State Assembly American judges Writers from New York (state) American people of Irish descent Columbia Law School faculty People from Southampton (town), New York 19th-century American politicians American Geographical Society 19th-century American judges
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Canariomyces is a genus of fungi in the family Microascaceae. References External links Index Fungorum Microascales
Founded in 2000, the HomeForm Group was one of the largest retailers of fitted home improvement products in the United Kingdom. The head office was in Cornbrook, Manchester. HomeForm operated several brands, namely Möben Kitchens, Sharps Bedrooms, Dolphin Bathrooms and Kitchens Direct. The HomeForm Group was affiliated with private equity firm Sun Capital Partners but in 2007 was sold to an undisclosed buyer in the United States. HomeForm went into administration in 2011. The Möben, Dolphin and Kitchens Direct businesses were subsequently closed down, and Sharps Bedrooms was sold. Prior to entering administration, the company had 160 showrooms across the UK and employed more than 1,300 showroom staff. Additionally, it employed more than 1,500 fitters and designers. References External links Defunct retail companies of the United Kingdom Defunct companies based in Manchester Kitchen manufacturers Furniture retailers of the United Kingdom Companies that have entered administration in the United Kingdom 2000 establishments in the United Kingdom 2011 disestablishments in the United Kingdom Retail companies established in 2000 Retail companies disestablished in 2011
Spark of Life may refer to: "Spark of Life" (CSI), a fifth-season episode of the American crime drama CSI: Crime Scene Investigation Spark of Life (novel), a 1952 novel by Erich Maria Remarque "That Spark of Life", a 1943 novel by Pavel Bazhov Spark of Life (album), a 2014 album by Marcin Wasilewski Vitalism, the belief in a "vital spark" of life
Mankameshwar Temple in Agra is one of the ancient temples devoted to Lord Shiva. The temple is situated at Rawatpara, near Agra Fort Railway Station. Overview It is said that the Shiva Linga in the temple is covered by silver and was founded by Shiva himself in the Dvapara Yuga, when Krishna was born in Mathura. The temple has one sanctum sanctorum with a Vigraha of Lord Shiva . It is surrounded by the typical Shiva family idols. One has to descend down a score of stairs to reach the sanctum sanctorum. One can reach fully close to the Vigraha provided one does not wear leather items and English style pants, pyjamas, and salwaar suits. Behind the sanctum sanctorum are several small temples within the main temple complex. These are devoted to various deities like Goddess Ganga, Saraswati, Gayatri, Hanuman, Kaila devi, Narasimha, Krishna, Rama to name a few. See also Agra Fort References Agra.nic.in/tourist.htm Travelmadeeasy.in/agra.htm Tourist attractions in Agra Hindu temples in Uttar Pradesh Shiva temples in Uttar Pradesh Buildings and structures in Agra
Metarbelodes umtaliana is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Kenya and Zimbabwe. References Metarbelinae Moths described in 1901
Drasteria rada is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Ukraine, southern Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Georgia, Armenia, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia and China (Tibet, Qinghai, Xinjiang). The wingspan is about 31 mm. References Drasteria Moths described in 1848 Moths of Asia
Western Slovakia () is one of the four NUTS-2 Regions of Slovakia. It was created at the same time as were the Nitra, Trnava and Trenčín regions. Western Slovakia is the most populated of the four regions of Slovakia and its GDP per capita is 69% of the European Union average (€20,600 per year). References NUTS 2 statistical regions of Slovakia NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union
Thomas Gershom Greer (1889 – after 1912) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the English Football League for Birmingham. Greer was born in Bathgate, West Lothian. He joined Birmingham from Coatbridge Rob Roy in December 1910, and made his debut in the Second Division on 21 January 1911, deputising for regular centre forward Jack Hall in a home game against Burnley which finished as a 1–1 draw. Greer played only once more for the first team, early the following season and again standing in for Hall. He moved on to Southern League club Reading in August 1912 and a season later joined fellow Southern League side Swansea Town. References 1889 births Year of death missing People from Bathgate Scottish men's footballers Men's association football forwards Birmingham City F.C. players Reading F.C. players Swansea City A.F.C. players English Football League players Southern Football League players Date of birth missing Place of death missing Footballers from West Lothian
This is a list of sketches of notable people, or of their close relatives, drawn by Marguerite Martyn (American journalist, 1878-1948) and published in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. A Jane Addams, pioneer settlement worker Judge Glendy B. Arnold of the divorce court Carrie Thomas Alexander-Bahrenberg, University of Illinois trustee Helen Dinsmore Huntington Astor, Republican Party activist Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor, British politician Rachel Foster Avery, pioneer suffragist B Roger Nash Baldwin, a founder of the American Civil Liberties Union Illinois Congressman-elect William N. Baltz and his daughters Bertha Barr, delegate to 1936 Republican National Convention Ethel Barrymore, actress Alva Belmont, socialite and suffrage benefactor Mrs. Perry Belmont (Jessie Ann Robbins), wife of the New York politician and diplomat Sarah Bernhardt, actress Elizabeth Lucy Bibesco, English writer and socialite Amelia Bingham, actress Alice Stone Blackwell, suffrage leader and editor Emily Newell Blair, writer, suffragist, feminist, Democratic Party leader Harriot Stanton Blatch, suffragist Anna E. Blount, president of the National Medical Women's Association Susan Elizabeth Blow, educator, the "Mother of the Kindergarten" 'Round-the-world journalist Nellie Bly Film actress Eleanor Boardman Lawyer and suffragist Inez Milholland Boissevain Catherine Booth-Clibborn of the Salvation Army, Louise DeKoven Bowen, financial supporter of suffrage movement Mary Carroll Craig Bradford, the only woman delegate at the 1908 Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado Catherine Breshkovsky, "grandmother of the Russian revolution" Helene Hathaway Robison Britton, owner of the St. Louis Cardinals Sallie Britton, daughter of James H. Britton, mayor of St. Louis, married to James Mackin, New York state treasurer Izetta Jewel Brown, actress, women's rights activist and Democratic politician Mary K. Browne, professional tennis player and amateur golfer Attorney Mary Baird Bryan and her husband, William Jennings Bryan, two-time presidential candidate, and two grandchildren Actress Billie Burke Mrs. Adolphus Busch III (Florence McRhea Lambert), first wife of the brewery executive Sarah Schuyler Butler, Republican activist C S. Parkes Cadman, minister and advice columnist Steelmaker Andrew Carnegie Anna Ella Carroll, politician, pamphleteer and lobbyist Anna Case, opera singer Dancer and animal-rights activist Irene Castle, wife of Chicago businessman Frederic McLaughlin Dancer Vernon Castle Carrie Chapman Catt, suffrage leader Espiridiona Cenda, dancer also known as Chiquita Cécile Chaminade, French composer Percival Chubb, Ethical Cultural Society leader Kate Claxton, actress Mrs. Cornelius Cole, one of the first three women accredited to a Republican National Convention Nancy Cook, suffragist, educator, political organizer, business woman Phoebe Couzins, lawyer Caroline Bartlett Crane, known as "America's housekeeper" for her efforts to improve sanitation Raymond Crane, comedian and actor Missouri Lieutenant Governor Wallace Crossley Mrs. Shelby Cullom (Julia Fisher), wife of the Illinois senator Pearl Lenore Curran, author and medium, wife of John H. Curran, Missouri immigration commissioner. D Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels and his wife, Addie Worth Bagley Dwight F. Davis, businessman and founder of the Davis Cup Rose Davis, rodeo rider Thamara de Swirsky, dancer Actress Marie Doro Loren and Dora Doxey, accused of murder Anne Dallas Dudley, suffragist E Aviator Amelia Earhart Crystal Eastman, feminist and political activist Catherine (Kitty) Elkins, daughter of Senator Stephen Benton Elkins, who wanted to marry Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi Effie Ellsler, actress Julian Eltinge, cross-dressing actor F Martha P. Falconer, social reformer Diomede Falconio, apostolic delegate from the Vatican to the United States Frank H. Farris, attorney, member of both the Missouri state Senate and its House of Representatives Beatrice Farnham, artist and entrepreneur, the wife of John Otto (park ranger) Martha Ellis Fischel, social service worker, mother of Edna Fischel Gellhorn, suffragist and reformer Judith Ellen Foster, government official James F. Fulbright, representative, Missouri Legislature G Joe Gans, boxer Mary Garden, actress Missouri Governor and Mrs. Fred Gardner Dancer Adeline Genée Edna Fischel Gellhorn (Mrs. George), suffragist and reformer James Gibbons, Roman Catholic cardinal Artist Charles Dana Gibson Irene Langhorne Gibson, philanthropist and Democratic National Convention delegate, the original Gibson Girl Catholic Archbishop John J. Glennon Emma Goldman, activist and writer Samuel Gompers, labor leader Edith Kelly Gould, wife of a millionaire Gould Edward Howland Robinson Green, the only son of the miser Hetty Green Isabella Greenway (Mrs. John C.), Arizona politician Minnie J. Grinstead, teacher, Republican politician, and temperance worker H Mrs. Herbert S. Hadley (Agnes Lee), wife of Missouri's governor Beatrice Forbes-Robertson Hale, English actress, lecturer, and writer Anna Dall, daughter of Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Florence Mabel Harding, wife of President Warren G. Harding Grace Carley Harriman, social leader and philanthropist Mary Garrett Hay, New York suffragist Grace Bryan Hargreaves, daughter of the William Jennings Bryans Millicent Hearst, philanthropist and wife of the newspaper magnate, William Randolph Hearst Robert Herrick (novelist) Sallie Aley Hert, Republican activist, married to Alvin Tobias Hert Dancer and choreographer Gertrude Hoffmann Helen B. Houston, wife of David F. Houston, secretary of agriculture Mrs. Patrick J. Hurley, wife of the Republican activist Writer Fannie Hurst May Arkwright Hutton, Idaho suffragist J Charles "Buffalo" Jones, frontiersman, farmer, rancher, hunter, and conservationist Mary Harris Jones, or "Mother" Jones, labor organizer K Annette Kellerman, athlete who swam the English Channel Florence Kelley, social and political reformer Araminta Cooper Kern, wife of John W. Kern, the Democratic candidate for Vice-President, and their son, William Missouri State Senator Thomas Kinney L Mrs. Albert Bond Lambert, socialite. Her husband was an industrialist, aviator, and golfer. Mrs. William Palmer Ladd, wife of the dean of the Berkeley Divinity School Jacob M. Lashley, lawyer, debated film censorship Judge Ben Lindsey, social reformer Ruth Bryan Leavitt, politician and the first woman appointed as a United States ambassador Fifi Widener Leidy, daughter of Pennsylvania art collector Joseph E. Widener and wife of New York politician George Eustis Paine Lydia Lipkowska, opera singer Jack London, writer Alice Roosevelt Longworth, celebrity and daughter of Theodore Roosevelt Daniel A. Lord, American Catholic writer Joan Lowell, actress Felice Lyne, singer M Mrs. Norman E. Mack, wife of the editor and publisher of the Buffalo Daily Times, with their daughter, Norma Percy MacKaye, actor, director, playwright Elliot Woolfolk Major, Missouri governor, and his wife Richard Mansfield, actor Lois Marshall, wife of Vice-President Thomas R. Marshall Elisabeth Marbury, theatrical and literary agent and producer Anne Henrietta Martin, president of the National Woman's Party Frederick Townsend Martin, New York society leader and writer Ned Martin, dancer and choreographer Eleanor Randolph Wilson McAdoo, daughter of President Wilson and wife of William Gibbs McAdoo Ellen Wilson McAdoo, daughter of Eleanor Randolph Wilson McAdoo and William Gibbs McAdoo Sterling H. McCarty, representative, Missouri Legislature Edith Rockefeller McCormick (Mrs. Harold), socialite and opera patron Katrina McCormick, Republican activist Ruth Hanna McCormick (Mrs. Medill), Republican politician Catherine Waugh McCulloch, lawyer and suffragist Mary McDowell, social reformer George McManus, cartoonist, and Florence Bergere "Countess" Candido Mendes de Almeida, wife of the Brazilian politician Elizabeth Avery Meriwether, author and suffrage advocate Mrs. Lee Meriwether, wife of the author Patsy Ruth Miller, motion picture actress Tamaki Miura, opera singer Anne Tracy Morgan, philanthropist Alexander Pollock Moore, diplomat, editor and publisher Isabel Morrison, wife of New York politician Timothy Woodruff "Czar" Thomas E. Mulvihill Sr., St. Louis excise commissioner Actress, dancer, film producer, and screenwriter Mae Murray N Alla Nazimova, actress Oscar Nelson, boxer Ione Page Nicoll, worked for repeal of the 18th (Prohibition) Amendment Lillian Nordica, opera singer O Barbara Blackman O'Neil (Mrs. David), socialite and suffragist Mrs. John E. Osborne (Selena Smith), wife of the governor of Wyoming P Theophile Papin, society leader and "squire of debutantes" Sylvia Pankhurst, English suffragist Charles Henry Parkhurst, social reformer Cissy Patterson, journalist and publisher Irene Pavloska, opera singer Anna J. Hardwicke Pennybacker (Mrs.Percy), president of the General Federation of Women's Clubs Alexandra Carlisle Pfeiffer, actress and suffragist Gifford Pinchot, forester and politician Florence Collins Porter, newspaper editor, clubwoman, political campaigner, a Republican Ruth Baker Pratt, Republican politician Florence Pretz, inventor of the Billiken doll R Mrs. James A. Reed (Lura M. Olmsted), wife of the former U.S. senator from Missouri Ben Reitman, anarchist and medical doctor Agnes Repplier, essayist Mrs. Alexander Revell, wife of the Illinois businessman The young Florence Wyman Richardson, daughter of the older Florence Wyman Richardson and sister-in-law to Ernest Hemingway Lucyle Roberts, rodeo rider Margaret Dreier Robins, labor leader Corinne Roosevelt Robinson, writer and lecturer Duchesse de la Rochefoucauld, Parisian property owner Ginger Rogers, actress Betsey Cushing Roosevelt Kermit Roosevelt, writer and businessman, son of Theodore Roosevelt President Theodore Roosevelt, his wife (Edith Roosevelt) and his daughter (Ethel Roosevelt) Nellie Tayloe Ross, Republican politician and ex-governor of Wyoming Charlotte Rumbold, St. Louis and Cleveland social reformer Lillian Russell, the actress Patrick John Ryan, Catholic prelate S Pauline Sabin, Republican activist opposed to Prohibition Katherine Sandwina, circus strongwoman Birth-control advocate Margaret Sanger Nathaniel Schmidt, educator Rose Schneiderman, labor-union executive Mrs. Nathan B. Scott, wife of the U.S. senator from West Virginia Cecil J. Sharp, who introduced folk dancing to the United States Finley Johnson Shepard, businessman-husband of Helen Gould Anna Howard Shaw, suffrage leader Ruth Hanna Simms, politician, activist and publisher Mrs. Al Smith (Catherine Ann Dunn), wife of the New York governor, and their daughter, Emily Smith Warner Elizabeth Blackmon Smith, popular author of romantic fiction who wrote under the name Mrs. Harry Pugh Smith Evangelist Gipsy Smith and his wife, Annie E. Pennock Senator Reed Smoot of Utah Ethel Annakin Snowden, British suffragist and pacifist. Christine Bradley South of Kentucky, chairman, Woman's Division, Republican National Committee Lena Jones Wade Springs, nominated for U.S. vice-president at 1924 Democratic national convention Katherine Stinson, aviatrix Rose Pastor Stokes, socialist activist, writer, and feminist Winifred Sackville Stoner Jr., child prodigy Mrs. Edward T. Stotesbury (Eva Roberts Cromwell), wife of the investment banker Representative William Sulzer of New York and his wife, Clara Rodelheim Thamara de Swirsky, Russian dancer[] T Mrs. Charles P. Taft, wife of the newspaper publisher, and Louise Taft, their daughter Presidential candidate William Howard Taft and Helen Herron Taft, and their grandchildren Lilyan Tashman, actress Sara Teasdale, poet Ellen Terry, actress Luisa Tetrazzini, opera singer M. Louise Thomas, educator. Socialite Edwine Thornburgh, later married to Englishman Wilfrid Peek Genevieve Clark Thomson, suffragist, reporter, Louisiana politician and daughter of Speaker of the House Champ Clark Prince Paul Troubetzkoy, a Russian artist, and Princess Troubetzkoy, his American wife Grace Wilbur Trout, Illinois suffragist U Harriet Taylor Upton, political activist and author, a Republican V Bernard Vaughan, Roman Catholic priest from the UK Louise Vermilya, mass murderer Bertha Von Suttner, Nobel laureate Rube Waddell, baseball player W Charlotte Walker, actress Eugene Walter, playwright Fannie Ward, actress Mabel Walker Willebrandt, attorney and Republican activist Ella Wilson, first woman mayor of Hunnewell, Kansas, reputedly the first woman mayor in the nation President Woodrow Wilson and his family, Mrs. Wilson, and their daughters, Margaret, Jessie, and Eleanor Film actress Claire Windsor Jane Frances Winn, who wrote under the name "Frank Fair" Wu Tingfang, Chinese ambassador to the United States Margaret (Mrs. John) Wyeth of St. Louis, delegate to 1935 Republican National Convention Y Julie Chamberlain Nichols Yates, sculptor; wife of Halsey E. Yates, Army officer Ella Flagg Young, educator Mrs. Lafayette Young, wife of the Iowa newspaper publisher References Citations are to the St. Louis Post-Dispatch microfilm records. Martyn, Marguerite Martyn
Toggle Talk () is a Singaporean web series launched in May 2015. It is the first Mandarin web series to be launched on MediaCorp interactive service Toggle, following the closure of xinmsn. Season 2 (2016) A new season of Toggle Talk will begin on 1 June 2016, with new episodes every Wednesday. Ian Fang, Kate Pang, Xu Bin, Ya Hui, Mark Lee, Michelle Chong, Vivian Lai and Shaun Chen are the artistes that will be interviewed. References Web talk shows
The October Revolution Park () is a park in Rostov-on-Don established in 1926. It is situated in the centre of the city near Teatralnaya Square. History and description The area that is today known as October Revolution Park was first founded as a park zone in 1926 between the cities of Rostov-on-Don and Nakhichevan-on-Don. With further urban development, Nakhichevan was merged with Rostov in 1928. In the 1970s the place became one of the favorite vacation spots for Rostov dwellers. The park has excellent conditions for sports (minifootball field, ice rink and a field for paintball). There are many attractions, children playgrounds, cafes and souvenir stalls. In the park area, among the rich greenery there are pedestrian paths. The total area of the park is almost 17 hectares. In the park there are sculptural compositions: the "Bench of Reconciliation" and the Monument to Peter and Fevronia; there is also the Memorial Plaque dedicated to the soldiers and officers of the 56th Army and the Alley of Glory. Another notable place of the October Revolution Park is an artificial lake, where one can see waterfowl, as well as aviary for flamingos and peacocks. In the early 2000s, the park was leased for 49 years to the «Don Tobacco» company. The following years, large-scale works on its expansion took place. In 2002 there was opened an amusement park. In 2016, the third largest observation wheel, 65 meters high, was also opened there. Various celebrations, cultural events and mass festivities take place there. Every year the park is visited by 1.5 million people. Next to the park, at Teatralnaya Square, there is a fountain called Atlantes, which was designed by architect Yevgeny Vuchetich. Gallery References Parks in Rostov-on-Don Tourist attractions in Rostov-on-Don 1926 establishments in the Soviet Union
See also List of Hindi horror shows List of Hindi thriller shows List of Indian animated television series References External links All times Hindi classic shows List Of Hindi Comedy Serial Hindi television content related lists
Gorche is one of the woredas in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Sidama Zone located in the Great Rift Valley, Gorche is bordered on the southwest by Wensho, on the west by Shebedino, on the north by Malga, on the east by the Oromia Region, and on the southeast by Arbegona. Gorche was separated from Shebedino woreda. Demographics Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the CSA, this woreda had a total population of 105,472, of whom 53,484 were men and 51,988 women; 2,986 or 2.83% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants were Protestants, with 78.92% of the population reporting that belief, 6.61% observed traditional religions, 6.48% were Muslim, and 5.81% were Catholic. Notes Districts of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region
Families Belong Together refers both to an advocacy campaign devoted to reuniting immigrant families that were separated at the US-Mexico border by a Trump administration policy introduced in spring 2018, and also specifically to a series of protests on June 30, 2018 in Washington, D.C., New York City, and 700 other cities and towns in the United States. Very large crowds turned out to those events despite heat waves in many areas, including in Washington, D.C. History The "zero tolerance" policy introduced by the Trump Administration in spring 2018 was the immediate catalyst for the Families Belong Together mass mobilization in June 2018, as media outlets began reporting on children being held in cages and in detention facilities after having been separated from their parents or guardians after crossing the border. The news organization Pro Publica released widely-circulated audio of one group of children crying. As public shock and outrage grew, a small group of women activists, advocates, and public officials began conferring to organize a public response, including Anna Galland, then Executive Director at MoveOn Civic Action; Jessica Morales Rocketto, then Political Director of the National Domestic Workers Alliance; Congresswoman Pramila Jayapal (D. Wash.); and Ai-jen Poo, Executive Director of the National Domestic Workers Alliance. That group's organizing led to a call for peaceful protests on Saturday, June 30, 2018, and hundreds of thousands of people turned out for those events. Participants Many of those protesting in June 2018 had participated in previous anti-Trump protests and actions, while others were new to immigration activism, with parents who felt called into action based on the reported stories of separations. Protesters at the events in June 2018 participated in both major cities and also more rural regions like Appalachia and Wyoming. Protests were also held internationally. Some protesters compared the detainment of children by the U.S. government to the Nazi concentration camps. Support from celebrities and other public figures A number of prominent public figures spoke out around the time of the June 2018 protests to criticize the Trump Administration's policy. Former First Lady Laura Bush issued a statement saying the policy "broke her heart." Celebrities who appeared at protests around the country included: Washington DC: Lin-Manuel Miranda, America Ferrara, Alicia Keys, Diane Guerrero Los Angeles: Laura Dern, Mira Sorvino, Chrissy Teigen, John Legend, Lea Thompson, Patton Oswalt, Laverne Cox, Chadwick Boseman, David Arquette New York City: Kerry Washington, Alysia Reiner, Amy Schumer, Padma Lakshmi, Vincent D'Onofrio, Carrie Coon, Alec Baldwin, Ellen Page San Francisco: Joan Baez Counter-protests At some of the locations there were counter protesters, resulting in at least one arrest. A counter-protester was arrested at Huntsville, Alabama after displaying a gun, and reportedly stating "I will shoot everyone here." In Phoenix, Arizona, about 25 counter-protesters from patriot movement proclaimed their opposition to the protests using signs and a megaphone, and engaging others at the protests near Arizona State Capitol, while the event remained mostly peaceful. Locations United States International Gallery See also List of protest marches on Washington, D.C. References External links 2018 protests Articles containing video clips Protests against Donald Trump June 2018 events in the United States 2018 in American politics Immigration to the United States Immigration policy of Donald Trump Immigration-related protests
Coal Island is an island in Fiordland, in the southwest of New Zealand's South Island. Its Māori name is Te Puka-Hereka Island, which translated means The Tied Anchor, but the island is commonly known as Coal Island. Situated at the southern end of Fiordland's west coast, Coal Island lies in the entrance to Rakituma / Preservation Inlet, between Puysegur Point and Gulches Head. This area contains the southernmost fiords of Fiordland, some south of Milford Sound / Piopiotahi. The island is part of the Fiordland National Park and is an important conservation site. It was declared pest-free in 2005 and is one of only nine islands in the area that is completely free of introduced mammalian pests. Since then, endangered endemic birds such as tokoeka (Haast brown kiwi) and mōhua (yellowhead) have been released on the island. See also Desert island List of islands References External links Radio NZ interview about how Coal Island became predator free Uninhabited islands of New Zealand Islands of Fiordland Fiordland National Park
Seriality or serial collectivity is a term that feminist scholar Iris Marion Young used to describe a reconceptualization of the category of woman in her 1994 essay Gender as Seriality. Young borrows the concept of seriality from Sartre's Critique of Dialectical Reason, where he originally developed the idea to describe the relationship of individuals to social classes and the capitalist system of production and consumption. Understanding women as a series, rather than a group, entails the recognition that the category woman is not defined by any common biological or psychological characteristics; rather, individuals are positioned as woman by a set of material and immaterial social constructs that are the product of previous human actions. Group vs series A group, in Sartre's definition, is a collection of people who self-consciously recognize themselves to be in a unified relationship with each other in the undertaking of a common project. A mutual acknowledgment of actively shared goals is the chief feature of a group. Guilds, reading groups, addiction support groups and animal cruelty prevention groups are all examples of groups. Seriality, in contrast to the active effort of group being, describes a level of social existence that is habitually constrained and directed by existing circumstances and material conditions. In a series, a collection of people are unified passively by objects, routines, practices, and habits around which their actions are oriented. For instance, people waiting in line for a bus, radio listeners, prison inmates and street theatre spectators are all examples of series. In each example, individuals are oriented toward the same goals by their response to existing conditions and structures in the environment, which are the collective legacy of human actions and decisions in the past. To illustrate concretely, the actions of people who stop and watch a street theatre performance may be shaped by existing conditions which constrain and permit their actions, such as the social acceptability of staging a performance on the street, the attractive costumes of the performers, high unemployment rates among actors, the existence of a public square, social expectations of their roles as spectators. Members of a series are anonymous and isolated, although not alone; often individuals in a series take into account the expected behavior of other members when pursuing their own actions—for instance, a bus rider may choose to avoid rush hour traffic. Members of a series are also interchangeable, although not identical, in relation to the objects that effect their serialized condition: From the point of view of a radio program broadcaster, one listener is interchangeable with another. Groups and series are related in that groups arise out of a backdrop of seriality, and disperse to fall back into serialized conditions. In other words, groups are the product of individuals′ response to shared conditions; Young gives the example of commuters at a bus stop who, when the bus fails to appear, organize themselves into a group to hail taxis, complain to the bus company, etc. Seriality as a solution to a conceptual dilemma in feminism Young's reconceptualization of women as a series is an attempt to provide a solution to the problems in feminist discourse surrounding the grouping of all women in a single category. This problem exists as a dilemma between two conflicting positions: i) On one hand, it is important to be able to speak of women as a group for practical political reasons. Feminist politics is organized around this category of woman; its existence as a movement fundamentally depends on this conceptualization. Additionally, the category of women is necessary in order to understand oppression and disadvantage as something that is systematically inflicted upon women (or any societal group) in a structured, institutionalized process, as opposed to being a natural or unique condition. ii) On the other hand, the category of woman is fraught with problems of essentialization, normalization and exclusion. As Elizabeth Spelman points out, social categories are constructs that carry latent expressions of privilege and subordination; in this manner, feminist theories have often assumed the experience of white, middle-class heterosexual women as representative for all women, excluding less privileged points of view. Chandra Mohanty suggests that the category of woman creates the false impression of a coherent, homogeneous group, which leads to the mistake of assuming that all women are equally powerless and oppressed, rather than generating specific questions about oppression that can be empirically investigated. Judith Butler goes as far as to argue that the very act of defining such a gender category is what produces the normalizations that privilege some viewpoints and exclude others. Thinking of woman as a series solves these conceptual problems. It allows one to meaningfully use the category while avoiding the mistake of falsely essentializing women as a group. An essentialist approach attempts to define woman by common biological characteristics – evidently false when one considers, for instance, transgender, bigender or intersex people, for instance – or by finding commonality in the vast diversity of women's actual lives, clearly not a viable enterprise. A serial conception of woman also disconnects the idea of gender from an individual's personal identity, as it defines gender as a pre-existing set of societal forces that are visited upon each individual; this approach does not make any claims about the way individuals respond to these pressures. Indeed, the conception of gender as seriality derives its strength from precisely the fact that it does not attempt a comprehensive definition of the individual, but acknowledges that individuals exist within structures that constrain and channel their actions in particular ways. Other potential applications of seriality Young has suggested that the concept of seriality might also be usefully applied to relationships of race or nationality as linkages which also result from historical conditions – such as the institution of slavery and projects of nation-building – which also function to limit and enable individuals' actions on the level of everyday life and habit. See also Woman Gender Social constructionism Feminism Feminist theory Third-wave feminism Gender studies Women's studies References Gender theories Third-wave feminism Feminist criticism Feminism and the arts
Roger Mills may refer to: Roger H. Mills (1813–1881), American politician and lawyer in Connecticut Roger Q. Mills (1832–1911), U.S. Representative and Senator from Texas Roger Mills County, Oklahoma, named in his honor Roger Mills (badminton) (born 1942), English badminton player Roger Mills (racewalker) (born 1948), British race walker Roger Mills (speedway rider) (born c. 1950), British speedway rider Roger W. Mills (born 1951), British economist Mills, Roger
Mike O'Neill is a Canadian singer-songwriter, actor, and screenwriter. Originally from Oshawa, Ontario, he has been based in Halifax, Nova Scotia since 1996. O'Neill was a member of indie-rock band The Inbreds in the 1990s before disbanding the group and embarking on a solo career. He was involved as both sound engineer and actor on the popular Canadian television series Trailer Park Boys. Biography O'Neill was a founding member in the 1990s of the Canadian indie-rock band The Inbreds along with the drummer Dave Ullrich. The Inbreds released four albums between 1992 and their breakup in 1998, and O'Neill has since released a handful of albums as a solo artist. Though he played bass guitar in The Inbreds, he has been predominantly a rhythm guitarist as a solo artist. In 2007, he joined the cast of Trailer Park Boys, appearing in several episodes of the hit series' seventh season, playing the hot-tempered Thomas Collins. His song "Are We Waiting" was featured in the Trailer Park Boys season seven episode "Jump the Cheeseburger". He also worked behind the scenes on the series for several seasons as the sound mixer. From 2007 to 2010, O'Neill composed music for the Food Network program French Food at Home, for which he won a Gemini Award. On October 22, 2008, O'Neill and Ullrich played a one-off Inbreds reunion show in Halifax as part of the 2008 Halifax Pop Explosion. In 2012, O'Neill released his first solo album in eight years, entitled Wild Lines. The album Colours, a collaboration with Devon Sproule, was released on September 23, 2013, on Tin Angel Records. O'Neill also collaborated with Trailer Park Boys creator Mike Clattenburg on the screenplays for the 2012 film Moving Day, and the 2014 film Trailer Park Boys: Don't Legalize It. They also co-created the Canadian television comedy series Crawford, which premieres as streaming video on February 2, 2018. As of 2015, he has joined with Chris Murphy of Sloan and Matt Murphy of The Super Friendz in the supergroup Tuns. Discography With the Inbreds 1992: Hilario 1994: Kombinator 1996: It's Sydney or the Bush 1998: Winning Hearts 2004: The Kombinator Demos 2004: B-Sides 2004: Live in Calgary 1997 With TUNS 2016: TUNS Solo 2000: What Happens Now? 2004: The Owl 2012: Wild Lines 2013: Colours – with Devon Sproule Compilations Our Power (2006): "She Believes in Me" References External links Mike O'Neill at CBC Radio 3 Mike O'Neill – official website. Canadian indie rock musicians Canadian people of Irish descent Canadian rock bass guitarists Canadian rock guitarists Canadian male guitarists Canadian rock singers Canadian male screenwriters 21st-century Canadian screenwriters Canadian television composers Canadian Screen Award winners Living people Musicians from Halifax, Nova Scotia Musicians from Oshawa Place of birth missing (living people) Queen's University at Kingston alumni Male bass guitarists 21st-century Canadian bass guitarists 21st-century Canadian male singers Year of birth missing (living people) Canadian male singer-songwriters Canadian singer-songwriters 21st-century Canadian singer-songwriters
Fairwood is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP) in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. The population was 7,983 at the 2020 census. Geography Fairwood is located at (38.9562, −76.7735). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of of land. Demographics 2020 census Education Fairwood is in the Prince George's County Public School System. Elementary school: Woodmore, Glenn Dale, Whitehall, and High Bridge Middle school: Thomas Johnson, Samuel Ogle, and Benjamin Tasker High school: DuVal High School and Bowie High School References Census-designated places in Prince George's County, Maryland Census-designated places in Maryland
The Anaicut block is a revenue block in the Vellore district of Tamil Nadu, India. It has a total of 38 panchayat villages, including the Anaicut village, and two towns, Odugathur and Pallikonda. References Revenue blocks of Vellore district
Luise Straus-Ernst (December 2, 1893 – d. early July 1944), also known as Louise Ernst, Louise Straus, Louise Ernst-Straus, or Luise Ernst-Straus, was a Jewish German art historian, writer, journalist, and artist, sometimes using an artistic Dadaist alias Armada von Duldgedalzen. She was the first wife of surrealist painter and sculptor Max Ernst and mother of painter Jimmy Ernst. Being a Jew, when the Nazis came to power, she emigrated to France in 1933. With the outbreak of World War II she could not emigrate further and found refuge in a hotel in Manosque, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France, together with a group of other Jewish emigrants. There she wrote her autobiography Nomadengut. The manuscript survived and was published in 2000. On April 28, 1944 she was arrested in a raid and on June 30 deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp, where she was killed on an unknown date. References 1893 births 1944 deaths German women journalists 20th-century German journalists German dadaists German people who died in Auschwitz concentration camp German Jews who died in the Holocaust Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to France
Saywell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: John Saywell (1929–2011), Canadian historian Michael Saywell (1942–2023), British equestrian William Saywell (1643–1701), English Anglican archdeacon and academic See also Samwell English-language surnames
Johann-Hermann Meier (10 June 1921 – 15 March 1944) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator during World War II, a fighter ace credited with 77 enemy aircraft shot down in 305 combat missions. All of his victories were claimed over the Eastern Front. On 15 March 1944, Meier was killed in a takeoff accident after his Focke-Wulf Fw 190 collided with another Fw 190 while taxiing at the Luftwaffe base in Florennes, Belgium. He was posthumously awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 16 December 1944. Career On 12 October 1942, Meier was posted to 1. Staffel (1st squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) fighting on the Eastern Front. The Staffel was subordinated to I. Gruppe (1st group) and had moved to Pitomnik Airfield, approximately west of Stalingrad, on 22 September. At the time, his commanding officer of 1. Staffel was Oberleutnant Friedrich Bartels while the Gruppe was headed by Hauptmann Helmut Bennemann. On 10 June 1943, the Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 3. Staffel of JG 52 was killed in action. In consequence, Meier was transferred from 1. Staffel and temporarily given command of 3. Staffel until Hauptmann Erich Schreiber assumed command on 15 July. With Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" and death Meier was transferred to I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" (JG 26–26th Fighter Wing) in February 1944 fighting on the Western Front flying the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighter. At the time, the Gruppe was based at Florennes Airfield and commanded by Hauptmann Karl Borris. There, Meier was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 1. Staffel on 29 February. He replaced Leutnant Leberecht Altmann who was transferred. On 15 March, the United States Army Air Forces attacked Braunschweig with a force of Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress and Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombers. Defending against this attack, I. and II. Gruppe of JG 26 was scrambled. During takeoff, Meier in his Fw 190 A-6 (Werknummer 470057–factory number) collided with his wingman Unteroffizier Hans Ruppert. Both aircraft caught fire, while Ruppert escaped, Meier was killed in the accident. According to an eyewitness report, Meier was drunk at the time. For his 77 aerial victories claimed with JG 52, Meier was awarded a posthumous Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (). Meier was succeeded by Oberleutnant Kurt Kranefeld as Staffelkapitän of 1. Staffel. Summary of career Aerial victory claims According to Spick, Meier was credited with 77 aerial victories, 76 of which on the Eastern Front and one on the Western Front, claimed in 305 combat missions. Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces: Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 76 aerial victory claims, all of which were claimed on the Eastern Front. Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 62322". The Luftwaffe grid map () covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about . These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area in size. Awards Flugzeugführerabzeichen Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 13 September 1941 as Leutnant and pilot Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st Class German Cross in Gold on 27 October 1943 as Leutnant in the I./Jagdgeschwader 52 Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 16 December 1944 as Leutnant and Staffelführer of the 1./Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" Notes References Citations Bibliography 1921 births 1944 deaths Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in France German World War II flying aces Luftwaffe pilots People from Dithmarschen Military personnel from the Province of Schleswig-Holstein Recipients of the Gold German Cross Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross Military personnel from Schleswig-Holstein
Arcadia Beach State Recreation Site is a beach and state park on the Oregon Coast of the United States located two miles south of Cannon Beach. Under the right conditions, one may hear the "singing sands" a squeaking or violin-like noise. References External links Parks in Clatsop County, Oregon State parks of Oregon Beaches of Oregon Landforms of Clatsop County, Oregon
Dimitar Konstantinov Sagaev (27 February 1915 in Plovdiv – 28 October 2003 in Sofia) was a Bulgarian composer and pedagogue. He was born in the family of the writer and dramaturge Konstantin Sagaev, the founder of the first Bulgarian acting school. From 1931 he studied Piano and Music theory under Asen Dimitrov. He continued his later piano studies with Dimitar Nenov. In 1941 he graduated from the Bulgarian musical academy. There he was thought by preeminent pedagogues like Pancho Vladigerov (composition), Vesselin Stoianov (orchestration), Panka Pelishek (piano) and Tamara Iankova (piano). His works include operas, symphonies and 24 instrumental concertos. References Bulgarian composers Musicians from Plovdiv 1915 births 2003 deaths
Remerschen () is a former commune and small wine-growing town in south-eastern Luxembourg, belonging to the commune of Schengen, near the point where the borders of Germany, France and Luxembourg come together. , the town of Remerschen, which lies in the centre of the commune, has a population of 637. To use the name recognition of the town of Schengen, the council of the commune of Remerschen decided on 18 January 2006 to rename the commune to Schengen. The Chamber of Deputies voted on 13 July 2006 a law allowing the change of name, which was published on 30 August 2006. The law took effect three days later, and the name of the commune of Remerschen was changed to Schengen as of 3 September 2006. The town is famous for its Club des Jeunes, which organises enormous parties, such as the carnival fiesta Musel am Dusel. Schengen, Luxembourg Towns in Luxembourg Former communes of Luxembourg
In music, serialism is a method of composition using series of pitches, rhythms, dynamics, timbres or other musical elements. Serialism began primarily with Arnold Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique, though some of his contemporaries were also working to establish serialism as a form of post-tonal thinking. Twelve-tone technique orders the twelve notes of the chromatic scale, forming a row or series and providing a unifying basis for a composition's melody, harmony, structural progressions, and variations. Other types of serialism also work with sets, collections of objects, but not necessarily with fixed-order series, and extend the technique to other musical dimensions (often called "parameters"), such as duration, dynamics, and timbre. The idea of serialism is also applied in various ways in the visual arts, design, and architecture, and the musical concept has also been adapted in literature. Integral serialism or total serialism is the use of series for aspects such as duration, dynamics, and register as well as pitch. Other terms, used especially in Europe to distinguish post-World War II serial music from twelve-tone music and its American extensions, are general serialism and multiple serialism. Composers such as Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern, Alban Berg, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Pierre Boulez, Luigi Nono, Milton Babbitt, Elisabeth Lutyens, Henri Pousseur, Charles Wuorinen and Jean Barraqué used serial techniques of one sort or another in most of their music. Other composers such as Tadeusz Baird, Béla Bartók, Luciano Berio, Benjamin Britten, John Cage, Aaron Copland, Ernst Krenek, György Ligeti, Olivier Messiaen, Arvo Pärt, Walter Piston, Ned Rorem, Alfred Schnittke, Ruth Crawford Seeger, Dmitri Shostakovich, and Igor Stravinsky used serialism only in some of their compositions or only in some sections of pieces, as did some jazz composers, such as Bill Evans, Yusef Lateef, Bill Smith, and even rock musicians like Frank Zappa. Basic definitions Serialism is a method, "highly specialized technique", or "way" of composition. It may also be considered "a philosophy of life (Weltanschauung), a way of relating the human mind to the world and creating a completeness when dealing with a subject". Serialism is not by itself a system of composition or a style. Neither is pitch serialism necessarily incompatible with tonality, though it is most often used as a means of composing atonal music. "Serial music" is a problematic term because it is used differently in different languages and especially because, shortly after its coinage in French, it underwent essential alterations during its transmission to German. The term's use in connection with music was first introduced in French by René Leibowitz in 1947, and immediately afterward by Humphrey Searle in English, as an alternative translation of the German (twelve-tone technique) or (row music); it was independently introduced by Stockhausen and Herbert Eimert into German in 1955 as , with a different meaning, but also translated as "serial music". Twelve-tone serialism Serialism of the first type is most specifically defined as a structural principle according to which a recurring series of ordered elements (normally a set—or row—of pitches or pitch classes) is used in order or manipulated in particular ways to give a piece unity. "Serial" is often broadly used to describe all music written in what Schoenberg called "The Method of Composing with Twelve Notes related only to one another", or dodecaphony, and methods that evolved from his methods. It is sometimes used more specifically to apply only to music in which at least one element other than pitch is treated as a row or series. Such methods are often called post-Webernian serialism. Other terms used to make the distinction are twelve-note serialism for the former and integral serialism for the latter. A row may be assembled pre-compositionally (perhaps to embody particular intervallic or symmetrical properties), or derived from a spontaneously invented thematic or motivic idea. The row's structure does not in itself define the structure of a composition, which requires development of a comprehensive strategy. The choice of strategy often depends on the relationships contained in a row class, and rows may be constructed with an eye to producing the relationships needed to form desired strategies. The basic set may have additional restrictions, such as the requirement that it use each interval only once. Non-twelve-tone serialism "The series is not an order of succession, but indeed a hierarchy—which may be independent of this order of succession". Rules of analysis derived from twelve-tone theory do not apply to serialism of the second type: "in particular the ideas, one, that the series is an intervallic sequence, and two, that the rules are consistent". For example, Stockhausen's early serial works, such as Kreuzspiel and Formel, "advance in unit sections within which a preordained set of pitches is repeatedly reconfigured ... The composer's model for the distributive serial process corresponds to a development of the Zwölftonspiel of Josef Matthias Hauer". Goeyvaerts's Nummer 4 provides a classic illustration of the distributive function of seriality: 4 times an equal number of elements of equal duration within an equal global time is distributed in the most equable way, unequally with regard to one another, over the temporal space: from the greatest possible coïncidence to the greatest possible dispersion. This provides an exemplary demonstration of that logical principle of seriality: every situation must occur once and only once. Henri Pousseur, after initially working with twelve-tone technique in works like Sept Versets (1950) and Trois Chants sacrés (1951),evolved away from this bond in Symphonies pour quinze Solistes [1954–55] and in the Quintette [à la mémoire d’Anton Webern, 1955], and from around the time of Impromptu [1955] encounters whole new dimensions of application and new functions. The twelve-tone series loses its imperative function as a prohibiting, regulating, and patterning authority; its working-out is abandoned through its own constant-frequent presence: all 66 intervallic relations among the 12 pitches being virtually present. Prohibited intervals, like the octave, and prohibited successional relations, such as premature note repetitions, frequently occur, although obscured in the dense contexture. The number twelve no longer plays any governing, defining rôle; the pitch constellations no longer hold to the limitation determined by their formation. The dodecaphonic series loses its significance as a concrete model of shape (or a well-defined collection of concrete shapes) is played out. And the chromatic total remains active only, and provisionally, as a general reference. In the 1960s Pousseur took this a step further, applying a consistent set of predefined transformations to preexisting music. One example is the large orchestral work Couleurs croisées (Crossed Colours, 1967), which performs these transformations on the protest song "We Shall Overcome", creating a succession of different situations that are sometimes chromatic and dissonant and sometimes diatonic and consonant. In his opera Votre Faust (Your Faust, 1960–68) Pousseur used many quotations, themselves arranged into a "scale" for serial treatment. This "generalised" serialism (in the strongest possible sense) aims not to exclude any musical phenomena, no matter how heterogeneous, in order "to control the effects of tonal determinism, dialectize its causal functions, and overcome any academic prohibitions, especially the fixing of an anti-grammar meant to replace some previous one". At about the same time, Stockhausen began using serial methods to integrate a variety of musical sources from recorded examples of folk and traditional music from around the world in his electronic composition Telemusik (1966), and from national anthems in Hymnen (1966–67). He extended this serial "polyphony of styles" in a series of "process-plan" works in the late 1960s, as well as later in portions of Licht, the cycle of seven operas he composed between 1977 and 2003. History of serial music Before World War II In the late 19th and early 20th century, composers began to struggle against the ordered system of chords and intervals known as "functional tonality". Composers such as Debussy and Strauss found ways to stretch the limits of the tonal system to accommodate their ideas. After a brief period of free atonality, Schoenberg and others began exploring tone rows, in which an ordering of the 12 pitches of the equal-tempered chromatic scale is used as the source material of a composition. This ordered set, often called a row, allowed for new forms of expression and (unlike free atonality) the expansion of underlying structural organizing principles without recourse to common practice harmony. Twelve-tone serialism first appeared in the 1920s, with antecedents predating that decade (instances of 12-note passages occur in Liszt's Faust Symphony and in Bach.) Schoenberg was the composer most decisively involved in devising and demonstrating the fundamentals of twelve-tone serialism, though it is clear it is not the work of just one musician. In Schoenberg's own words, his goal of was to show constraint in composition. Consequently, some reviewers have jumped to the conclusion that serialism acted as a predetermined method of composing to avoid the subjectivity and ego of a composer in favour of calculated measure and proportion. After World War II Along with John Cage's indeterminate music (music composed with the use of chance operations) and Werner Meyer-Eppler's aleatoricism, serialism was enormously influential in postwar music. Theorists such as Milton Babbitt and George Perle codified serial systems, leading to a mode of composition called "total serialism", in which every aspect of a piece, not just pitch, is serially constructed. Perle's 1962 text Serial Composition and Atonality became a standard work on the origins of serial composition in the music of Schoenberg, Berg, and Webern. The serialization of rhythm, dynamics, and other elements of music was partly fostered by the work of Olivier Messiaen and his analysis students, including Karel Goeyvaerts and Boulez, in postwar Paris. Messiaen first used a chromatic rhythm scale in his Vingt Regards sur l'enfant-Jésus (1944), but he did not employ a rhythmic series until 1946–48, in the seventh movement, "Turangalîla II", of his Turangalîla-Symphonie. The first examples of such integral serialism are Babbitt's Three Compositions for Piano (1947), Composition for Four Instruments (1948), and Composition for Twelve Instruments (1948). He worked independently of the Europeans. Several of the composers associated with Darmstadt, notably Stockhausen, Goeyvaerts, and Pousseur, developed a form of serialism that initially rejected the recurring rows characteristic of twelve-tone technique in order to eradicate any lingering traces of thematicism. Instead of a recurring, referential row, "each musical component is subjected to control by a series of numerical proportions". In Europe, some serial and non-serial music of the early 1950s emphasized the determination of all parameters for each note independently, often resulting in widely spaced, isolated "points" of sound, an effect called first in German "punktuelle Musik" ("pointist" or "punctual music"), then in French "musique ponctuelle", but quickly confused with "pointillistic" (German "pointillistische", French "pointilliste"), the term associated with the densely packed dots in Seurat's paintings, even though the concept was unrelated. Pieces were structured by closed sets of proportions, a method closely related to certain works from the de Stijl and Bauhaus movements in design and architecture some writers called "serial art", specifically the paintings of Piet Mondrian, Theo van Doesburg, Bart van Leck, Georg van Tongerloo, Richard Paul Lohse, and Burgoyne Diller, who had sought to "avoid repetition and symmetry on all structural levels and working with a limited number of elements". Stockhausen described the final synthesis in this manner:So serial thinking is something that's come into our consciousness and will be there forever: it's relativity and nothing else. It just says: Use all the components of any given number of elements, don't leave out individual elements, use them all with equal importance and try to find an equidistant scale so that certain steps are no larger than others. It's a spiritual and democratic attitude toward the world. The stars are organized in a serial way. Whenever you look at a certain star sign you find a limited number of elements with different intervals. If we more thoroughly studied the distances and proportions of the stars we'd probably find certain relationships of multiples based on some logarithmic scale or whatever the scale may be. Stravinsky's adoption of twelve-tone serial techniques shows the level of influence serialism had after the Second World War. Previously Stravinsky had used series of notes without rhythmic or harmonic implications. Because many of the basic techniques of serial composition have analogs in traditional counterpoint, uses of inversion, retrograde, and retrograde inversion from before the war do not necessarily indicate Stravinsky was adopting Schoenbergian techniques. But after meeting Robert Craft and other younger composers, Stravinsky began to study Schoenberg's music, as well as that of Webern and later composers, and to adapt their techniques in his work, using, for example, serial techniques applied to fewer than twelve notes. During the 1950s he used procedures related to Messiaen, Webern and Berg. While it is inaccurate to call them all "serial" in the strict sense, all his major works of the period have clear serialist elements. During this period, the concept of serialism influenced not only new compositions but also scholarly analysis of the classical masters. Adding to their professional tools of sonata form and tonality, scholars began to analyze previous works in the light of serial techniques; for example, they found the use of row technique in previous composers going back to Mozart and Beethoven. In particular, the orchestral outburst that introduces the development section halfway through the last movement of Mozart's Symphony No. 40 is a tone row that Mozart punctuates in a very modern and violent way that Michael Steinberg called "rude octaves and frozen silences". Ruth Crawford Seeger extended serial control to parameters other than pitch and to formal planning as early as 1930–33 in a fashion that goes beyond Webern but was less thoroughgoing than the later practices of Babbitt and European postwar composers. Charles Ives's 1906 song "The Cage" begins with piano chords presented in incrementally decreasing durations, an early example of an overtly arithmetic duration series independent of meter (like Nono's six-element row shown above), and in that sense a precursor to Messiaen's style of integral serialism. The idea of organizing pitch and rhythm according to similar or related principles is also suggested by both Henry Cowell's New Musical Resources (1930) and the work of Joseph Schillinger. Reactions to serialism Some music theorists have criticized serialism on the basis that its compositional strategies are often incompatible with the way the human mind processes a piece of music. Nicolas Ruwet (1959) was one of the first to criticise serialism by a comparison with linguistic structures, citing theoretical claims by Boulez and Pousseur, taking as specific examples bars from Stockhausen's Klavierstücke I & II, and calling for a general reexamination of Webern's music. Ruwet specifically names three works as exempt from his criticism: Stockhausen's Zeitmaße and Gruppen, and Boulez's Le marteau sans maître. In response, Pousseur questioned Ruwet's equivalence between phonemes and notes. He also suggested that, if analysis of Le marteau sans maître and Zeitmaße, "performed with sufficient insight", were to be made from the point of view of wave theory—taking into account the dynamic interaction of the different component phenomena, which creates "waves" that interact in a sort of frequency modulation—the analysis "would accurately reflect the realities of perception". This was because these composers had long since acknowledged the lack of differentiation found in punctual music and, becoming increasingly aware of the laws of perception and complying better with them, "paved the way to a more effective kind of musical communication, without in the least abandoning the emancipation that they had been allowed to achieve by this 'zero state' that was punctual music". One way this was achieved was by developing the concept of "groups", which allows structural relationships to be defined not only between individual notes but also at higher levels, up to the overall form of a piece. This is "a structural method par excellence", and a sufficiently simple conception that it remains easily perceptible. Pousseur also points out that serial composers were the first to recognize and attempt to move beyond the lack of differentiation within certain pointillist works. Pousseur later followed up on his own suggestion by developing his idea of "wave" analysis and applying it to Stockhausen's Zeitmaße in two essays. Later writers have continued both lines of reasoning. Fred Lerdahl, for example, in his essay "Cognitive Constraints on Compositional Systems", argues that serialism's perceptual opacity ensures its aesthetic inferiority. Lerdahl has in turn been criticized for excluding "the possibility of other, non-hierarchical methods of achieving musical coherence," and for concentrating on the audibility of tone rows, and the portion of his essay focusing on Boulez's "multiplication" technique (exemplified in three movements of Le Marteau sans maître) has been challenged on perceptual grounds by Stephen Heinemann and Ulrich Mosch. Ruwet's critique has also been criticised for making "the fatal mistake of equating visual presentation (a score) with auditive presentation (the music as heard)". In all these reactions discussed above, the "information extracted", "perceptual opacity", "auditive presentation" (and constraints thereof) pertain to what defines serialism, namely use of a series. And since Schoenberg remarked, "in the later part of a work, when the set [series] had already become familiar to the ear", it has been assumed that serial composers expect their series to be aurally perceived. This principle even became the premise of empirical investigation in the guise of "probe-tone" experiments testing listeners' familiarity with a row after exposure to its various forms (as would occur in a 12-tone work). In other words the supposition in critiques of serialism has been that, if a composition is so intricately structured by and around a series, that series should ultimately be clearly perceived or that a listener ought to become aware of its presence or importance. Babbitt denied this: Seemingly in accord with Babbitt's statement, but ranging over such issues as perception, aesthetic value, and the "poietic fallacy", Walter Horn offers a more extensive explanation of the serialism (and atonality) controversy. Within the community of modern music, exactly what constituted serialism was also a matter of debate. The conventional English usage is that the word "serial" applies to all twelve-tone music, which is a subset of serial music, and it is this usage that is generally intended in reference works. Nevertheless, a large body of music exists that is called "serial" but does not employ note-rows at all, let alone twelve-tone technique, e.g., Stockhausen's Klavierstücke I–IV (which use permuted sets), his Stimmung (with pitches from the overtone series, which is also used as the model for the rhythms), and Pousseur's Scambi (where the permuted sounds are made exclusively from filtered white noise). When serialism is not limited to twelve-tone techniques, a contributing problem is that the word "serial" is seldom if ever defined. In many published analyses of individual pieces the term is used while actual meaning is skated around. Theory of twelve-tone serial music Due to Babbitt's work, in the mid-20th century serialist thought became rooted in set theory and began to use a quasi-mathematical vocabulary for the manipulation of the basic sets. Musical set theory is often used to analyze and compose serial music, and is also sometimes used in tonal and nonserial atonal analysis. The basis for serial composition is Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique, where the 12 notes of the chromatic scale are organized into a row. This "basic" row is then used to create permutations, that is, rows derived from the basic set by reordering its elements. The row may be used to produce a set of intervals, or a composer may derive the row from a particular succession of intervals. A row that uses all of the intervals in their ascending form once is an all-interval row. In addition to permutations, the basic row may have some set of notes derived from it, which is used to create a new row. These are derived sets. Because there are tonal chord progressions that use all twelve notes, it is possible to create pitch rows with very strong tonal implications, and even to write tonal music using twelve-tone technique. Most tone rows contain subsets that can imply a pitch center; a composer can create music centered on one or more of the row's constituent pitches by emphasizing or avoiding these subsets, respectively, as well as through other, more complex compositional devices. To serialize other elements of music, a system quantifying an identifiable element must be created or defined (this is called "parametrization", after the term in mathematics). For example, if duration is serialized, a set of durations must be specified; if tone colour (timbre) is serialized, a set of separate tone colours must be identified; and so on. The selected set or sets, their permutations and derived sets form the composer's basic material. Composition using twelve-tone serial methods focuses on each appearance of the collection of twelve chromatic notes, called an aggregate. (Sets of more or fewer pitches, or of elements other than pitch, may be treated analogously.) One principle operative in some serial compositions is that no element of the aggregate should be reused in the same contrapuntal strand (statement of a series) until all the other members have been used, and each member must appear only in its place in the series. Yet, since most serial compositions have multiple (at least two, sometimes as many as a few dozen) series statements occurring concurrently, interwoven with each other in time, and feature repetitions of some of their pitches, this principle as stated is more a referential abstraction than a description of the concrete reality of a musical work that is termed "serial". A series may be divided into subsets, and the members of the aggregate not part of a subset are said to be its complement. A subset is self-complementing if it contains half of the set and its complement is also a permutation of the original subset. This is most commonly seen with hexachords, six-note segments of a tone row. A hexachord that is self-complementing for a particular permutation is called prime combinatorial. A hexachord that is self-complementing for all the canonic operations—inversion, retrograde, and retrograde inversion—is called all-combinatorial. Notable composers Hans Abrahamsen Gilbert Amy Louis Andriessen Denis ApIvor Hans Erich Apostel Kees van Baaren Milton Babbitt Tadeusz Baird Osvaldas Balakauskas Don Banks Jean Barraqué Jürg Baur Alban Berg Gunnar Berg Arthur Berger Erik Bergman Luciano Berio Karl-Birger Blomdahl Konrad Boehmer Rob du Bois André Boucourechliev Pierre Boulez Martin Boykan Ole Buck Jacques Calonne Niccolò Castiglioni Aldo Clementi Salvador Contreras Aaron Copland Luigi Dallapiccola Franco Donatoni Hanns Eisler Manuel Enríquez Karlheinz Essl Franco Evangelisti Brian Ferneyhough Jacobo Ficher Irving Fine Wolfgang Fortner Roberto Gerhard Frans Geysen Michael Gielen Alberto Ginastera Lucien Goethals Karel Goeyvaerts Jerry Goldsmith Henryk Górecki Glenn Gould Pelle Gudmundsen-Holmgreen César Guerra-Peixe Lou Harrison Jonathan Harvey Josef Matthias Hauer Paavo Heininen Hermann Heiss Hans Werner Henze York Höller Heinz Holliger Bill Hopkins Klaus Huber Karel Husa Hanns Jelinek Ben Johnston Nikolai Karetnikov Rudolf Kelterborn Gottfried Michael Koenig Józef Koffler Ernst Krenek Meyer Kupferman René Leibowitz Ingvar Lidholm Witold Lutosławski Elisabeth Lutyens John McGuire Bruno Maderna Ursula Mamlok Philippe Manoury Donald Martino Paul Méfano Jacques-Louis Monod Robert Morris Luigi Nono Per Nørgård Krzysztof Penderecki Goffredo Petrassi Michel Philippot Walter Piston Henri Pousseur Einojuhani Rautavaara Roger Reynolds Terry Riley George Rochberg Leonard Rosenman Cláudio Santoro Peter Schat Leon Schidlowsky Dieter Schnebel Arnold Schoenberg, considered the founder of serialism Humphrey Searle Ruth Crawford Seeger Mátyás Seiber Roger Sessions Nikos Skalkottas Roger Smalley Ann Southam Leopold Spinner Karlheinz Stockhausen Igor Stravinsky Robert Suderburg Richard Swift Louise Talma Camillo Togni Gilles Tremblay Fartein Valen Wladimir Vogel Anton Webern Hugo Weisgall Peter Westergaard Stefan Wolpe Charles Wuorinen La Monte Young See also Pitch interval References Sources Further reading Delaere, Marc. 2016. "The Stockhausen–Goeyvaerts Correspondence and the Aesthetic Foundations of Serialism in the Early 1950s". In The Musical Legacy of Karlheinz Stockhausen: Looking Back and Forward, edited by M. J. Grant and Imke Misch, 20–34. Hofheim: Wolke Verlag. . Eco, Umberto. 2005. "Innovation & Repetition: Between Modern & Postmodern Aesthetics". Daedalus 134, no. 4, 50 Years (Fall): 191–207. . . Essl, Karlheinz. 1989. "Aspekte des Seriellen bei Stockhausen". In Almanach Wien Modern 89, edited by L. Knessl, 90-97. Vienna: Konzerthaus. Forte, Allen. 1964. "A Theory of Set-Complexes for Music". Journal of Music Theory 8, no. 2 (Winter): 136–184. Forte, Allen. 1973. The Structure of Atonal Music. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. Forte, Allen. 1998. The Atonal Music of Anton Webern. New Haven: Yale University Press. Fürstenberger, Barbara. 1989. Michel Butors literarische Träume: Untersuchungen zu Matière de rêves I bis V. Studia Romanica 72. Heidelberg: C. Winter. . Gollin, Edward. 2007. "Multi-Aggregate Cycles and Multi-Aggregate Serial Techniques in the Music of Béla Bartók." Music Theory Spectrum 29, no. 2 (Fall): 143–176. . Gredinger, Paul. 1955. "Das Serielle". Die Reihe 1 ("Elektronische Musik"): 34–41. English as "Serial Technique", translated by Alexander Goehr. Die Reihe 1 ("Electronic Music"), (English edition 1958): 38–44. Knee, Robin. 1985. "Michel Butor's Passage de Milan: The Numbers Game". Review of Contemporary Fiction 5, no. 3:146–149. Kohl, Jerome. 2017. Karlheinz Stockhausen: Zeitmaße. Landmarks in Music Since 1950, edited by Wyndham Thomas. Abingdon, Oxon; London; New York: Routledge. . Krenek, Ernst. 1953. "Is the Twelve-Tone Technique on the Decline?" The Musical Quarterly 39, no 4 (October): 513–527. Lerdahl, Fred, and Ray Jackendoff. 1983. A Generative Theory of Tonal Music. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. Meyer, Leonard B. 1967. Music, the Arts, and Ideas: Patterns and Predictions in Twentieth-Century Culture. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. (Second edition 1994.) Miller, Elinor S. 1983. "Critical Commentary II: Butor's Quadruple fond as Serial Music". Romance Notes 24, no. 2 (Winter): 196–204. Misch, Imke. 2016. "Karlheinz Stockhausen: The Challenge of Legacy: An Introduction". In The Musical Legacy of Karlheinz Stockhausen: Looking Back and Forward, edited by M. J. Grant and Imke Misch, 11–19. Hofheim: Wolke Verlag. . Perle, George. 1962. Serial Composition and Atonality: An Introduction to the Music of Schoenberg, Berg, and Webern. Berkeley: University of California Press. Rahn, John. 1980. Basic Atonal Theory. New York: Schirmer Books. Ross, Alex. 2007. The Rest Is Noise: Listening to the Twentieth Century. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, . Roudiez, Leon S. 1984. "Un texte perturbe: Matière de rêves de Michel Butor". Romanic Review 75, no. 2:242–255. Savage, Roger W. H. 1989. Structure and Sorcery: The Aesthetetics of Post-War Serial Composition and Indeterminancy. Outstanding Dissertations in Music from British Universities. New York: Garland Publications. . Schwartz, Steve. 2001. "Richard Yardumian: Orchestral Works". Classical Net. Scruton, Roger. 1997. Aesthetics of Music. Oxford: Clarendon Press. . Quoted in Arved Ashbey, The Pleasure of Modernist Music (University of Rochester Press, 2004) p. 122. . Smith Brindle, Reginald. 1966. Serial Composition. London, New York: Oxford University Press. Spencer, Michael Clifford. 1974. Michel Butor. Twayne's World Author Series TWS275. New York: Twayne Publishers. . Straus, Joseph N. 1999. "The Myth of Serial 'Tyranny' in the 1950s and 1960s" (Subscription access). The Musical Quarterly 83:301–343. Wangermée, Robert. 1995. André Souris et le complexe d'Orphée: entre surréalisme et musique sérielle. Collection Musique, Musicologie. Liège: P. Mardaga. . White, Eric Walter, and Jeremy Noble. 1984. "Stravinsky". In The New Grove Modern Masters. London: Macmillan. External links Serial and twelve-note works by American composers (26 July 2012). 20th-century classical music Mathematics of music
```turing use t; # Note timeout is 5s in live, 10s under e2e. See hole/play.go for details. subtest 'Timeout' => { my $res = post-solution( :code('sleep 11') )<runs>[0]; is $res<stderr>, 'Killed for exceeding the 10s timeout.', 'Correct error'; is floor( $res<time_ns> / 1e9 ), 10, 'Correct time'; }; subtest 'Timeout with correct output' => { my $res = post-solution( :code(q:to/CODE/) )<runs>[0]; say "Fizz" x $_ %% 3 ~ "Buzz" x $_ %% 5 \|\| $_ for 1 .. 100; $*OUT.flush; sleep 11; CODE is $res<stderr>, 'Killed for exceeding the 10s timeout.', 'Correct error'; is $res<stdout>, slurp('hole/answers/fizz-buzz.txt').trim, 'Correct output'; nok $res<pass>, 'Solution fails'; }; done-testing; ```
Tuan Tuan and Yuan Yuan were two giant pandas that were gifted by the People's Republic of China (PRC, mainland China) to the Republic of China (ROC, Taiwan) in 2008 as part of a cultural exchange program. The idea was first proposed in 2005, but the previous ROC administration in Taipei had initially refused to accept the pandas. After elections that resulted in a change of president and the government in 2008, the ROC government accepted the pandas, and they arrived on December 23, 2008. One of the most significant positive cross-strait relations in the early 21st century, the two names were selected by a vote in the PRC and their combination, Tuan Yuan, means "reunion" () in the Chinese language. The pandas are housed at Taipei Zoo and have been exhibited to the public since the 2009 Chinese New Year. One of the pandas, Tuan Tuan, died in November 2022. Birth Tuan Tuan, male, was born to Hua Mei on September 1, 2004, and was assigned as no. 19 in the Wolong National Nature Reserve in Sichuan. Yuan Yuan, female, was born on August 31, 2004, and was assigned as no. 16 in the Wolong National Nature Reserve. Their names, "Tuan Tuan" and "Yuan Yuan", were chosen in an unofficial public poll in mainland China the results of which were revealed live on national television during the 2006 CCTV New Year's Gala. Approximately 130 million mainland Chinese viewers cast their votes. Together, the names produce the Chinese phrase tuan yuan (), meaning "reunion". Proposal, initial resistance and acceptance The exchange of the pandas was first proposed during the 2005 Pan-Blue visits to mainland China, when politicians from the then-Opposition Pan-Blue coalition, which is comparatively pro-unification in stance, visited mainland China. Chen Yunlin, then the head of the State Council Taiwan Affairs Office, announced on May 3, 2005, that Beijing would present two giant pandas to Taipei as part of an exchange program. The two pandas to be sent to Taiwan were chosen after 218 days of observation and discussion by experts from both mainland China and Taiwan, and were officially announced on January 6, 2006. The Chinese Wildlife Protection Society then began seeking nominations for the names to be given to the pair of pandas. These were announced on the eve of Chinese New Year, 2006 on the CCTV New Year's Gala live on national television. An opinion survey in Taiwan conducted by United Daily News in response to the exchange proposal found 50% of respondents in favour of accepting the pandas, and 34% opposed. However, the exchange proposal soon met political resistance from the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP). On March 31, 2006, the Agricultural Committee of the Executive Yuan in Taiwan decided not to issue permits for the importation, ostensibly on the grounds that the zoos in Taiwan applying for the importation did not meet facility and resource requirements for the proper care and rearing of the pandas, and that importation would not be in the best interest of protecting pandas. However, commentators generally observed that political considerations underlay the technical decision, with the independence-leaning President Chen Shui-bian being opposed to what he saw as a propaganda move by Beijing. In 2008, Ma Ying-jeou, of the Kuomintang (KMT), was elected president, and over the next few months forged stronger economic and political relations with mainland China under his presidency, and was willing to accept them. The offering of pandas a gift from mainland China is often known as "panda diplomacy", and Taipei Zoo expects to draw around 30,000 visitors a day as a result of their arrival. The move was criticized by supporters of Taiwan's independence and the opposition Democratic Progressive Party, who said that "Tuan Tuan and Yuan Yuan means a union, which perfectly matches Beijing's goal of bringing Taiwan into its fold." Although Taiwan is not a CITES signatory and is therefore not obligated to report to the CITES Secretariat, the Secretariat of CITES said in response to the transfer that it viewed the transfer as an intrastate matter, and thus would be governed by whatever procedures and documentary requirements that are agreed upon by the Beijing and Taipei authorities. Both sides adopted procedures similar to standard CITES procedures for international transfers. On the import-export permits, the origin was listed as the Wolong Nature Reserve Management Office, while the destination was listed as the Taipei City Zoo. Arrival in Taiwan and reaction Tuan Tuan and Yuan Yuan arrived in Taiwan aboard an EVA Air flight on December 23, 2008, and were transported to Taipei Zoo. The arrival of the pandas was met with intense public attention, described by the press as "Pandamania", with the pandas becoming instant celebrities. A variety of merchandise has already appeared, with even buses redecorated in panda-themed livery. At the same time, there has also been political controversy. The opposition DPP continues to see the pandas as a propaganda move by Beijing. Health Tuan Tuan In October 2022, it was reported that one of the pandas, Tuan Tuan, was suffering from a serious health condition in his brain. In response, the ROC government (under DPP control since 2016) sought help and invited veterinary experts from mainland China to assess Tuan Tuan's situation as he moved into end-of-life care. Tuan Tuan was euthanized on November 19, 2022, after suffering multiple seizures brought on by lesions on his brain. Offspring Yuan Yuan gave birth to a cub on July 6, 2013, at the Taipei Zoo. The female cub was nicknamed Yuan Zai (also pronounced in Taiwanese Hokkien as Inn-a). Yuan Zai has several meanings: rice ball, and also '(Yuan) Yuan's child'. On October 26, at the zoo's 99th anniversary ceremony, the baby panda was officially named Yuan Zai after a naming activity that saw 60% of the votes go to the cub's nickname. She was also presented an honorary citizen's card on that day. As Tuan Tuan and Yuan Yuan were sent to Taiwan in exchange for two Formosan sika deer and two Taiwan serows, the cub does not need to be returned. On June 28, 2020, a second cub was born at the Taipei zoo. This cub was named Yuan Bao. See also Panda diplomacy – Offer of pandas to Taiwan References External links 2004 animal births Individual giant pandas Taipei Zoo Animals as diplomatic gifts Cross-Strait relations Animal duos
10 Bold is an Australian free-to-air digital television multichannel owned by Network 10. It originally launched on 26 March 2009 as One HD with a focus on broadcasting sports-based programming and events, but rebranded to One in April 2011 to more reality, scripted and adventure-based programming aimed at males between the ages of 25 and 54. As of October 2018, the channel now primarily broadcasts dramatic programming aimed towards viewers 40 and older. Due to the relaunch of 10 HD on 2 March 2016, it was reduced to a standard-definition broadcast for 5 years until 23 September 2021 at 6am when it switched to HD. History Sports format channel The channel commenced broadcasting as One HD on 26 March 2009 at 7.00 pm in Melbourne (due to live coverage of the Australian Football League) and at 7.30 pm in Sydney, Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth. The channel, owned by Network Ten, featured nonstop sport content including live sport, sports documentaries and sports-themed movies. One initially broadcast in high definition on digital channels 1 and 11 with a standard-definition simulcast on digital channel 12 known as One SD or One Digital. At launch, One replaced the previous Ten HD service and a standard-definition simulcast of Ten HD called TenSD2. One HD began broadcasting on Macquarie Media Group's owned and operated Southern Cross Ten regional television stations on digital channel 50 at 7.00 pm on 2 July 2009. Tasmania didn't broadcast it until 30 July 2009, and Mildura didn't broadcast it until 1 December 2009. The simulcast on digital channel 11 was later reallocated for Ten's standard-definition digital multichannel Eleven (now 10 Peach) on 15 December 2010 in preparation for its launch on 11 January 2011. As a result, the channel's high definition simulcast was moved to channel 12, replacing the standard-definition simulcast. In 2011, the channel began to dilute its all-sport format to include adventure-themed reality programming such as Ice Road Truckers and Black Gold, and a weekly feature-length movie or documentary, usually, but not limited to, a sporting theme. In April 2011, it was revealed that the channel would shift to a more broad general entertainment channel aimed towards a younger male demographic, whilst still featuring sports programming. Sports and entertainment channel It was confirmed on 4 April 2011 that due to unsupportable overheads associated with running the station as an "all-sport" channel, One HD would begin to air more general entertainment programming alongside sport, particularly shows aimed at an older male audience and would also be rebranded as One. The changes were intended to make the channel a greater competitor against 7mate, which has a similar scope, and took place on 7 May 2011. One's updated schedule included factuals such as Everest: Beyond the Limit, Extreme Fishing with Robson Green, Airline, Long Way Round, Ice Road Truckers, An Idiot Abroad, Cops, dramas such as Terriers, Lights Out, Sons of Anarchy, Burn Notice, Breakout Kings and Psych and films such as The Last King of Scotland, 28 Weeks Later, Babylon AD, Jarhead, Pitch Black, Doom, Hitman, The Manchurian Candidate, Diagnosis Murder and Walker, Texas Ranger. 2018 rebrand On 31 October 2018, One relaunched as 10 Boss, as part of a larger rebranding of Network Ten. Chief content officer Beverley McGarvey described "Boss" as reflecting an overall "attitude" in its programming, exemplified by a focus on characters with "bold" personalities or could be reasonably described as being a "boss" (such as Judge Judy). 10 Boss primarily targets viewers over the age of 40, and focuses primarily on dramas (such as Madam Secretary and NCIS). On 10 December 2018, the channel was renamed 10 Bold, due to trademark conflicts with Fairfax Media (which had completed its merger with Nine Entertainment Co.) and the Australian Financial Review publication Boss. A press release promoting the rebranding acknowledged the conflict, describing the change as being an "early Christmas present to Nine", and quipping that "it's better to be bold than bossy". Programming The channel targets a broad range of viewers, broadcasting programs from Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States, and complementing existing programming on Ten. Programs aired on the channel are scripted and adventure-based programming aimed at males between the ages of 25 and 54, mix of genres, including reality, lifestyle, drama, classic sitcoms from the 60s, 70s and 80s, comedies, live sport and action films. As a result of the revival of 10 HD on 2 March 2016, the channel was reduced to standard definition. 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In 2010, Both 10 & 10 Bold secured the rights for both Delhi 2010 & Glasgow 2014 also shared with Foxtel only 2010. In October 2011, it was confirmed that the National Basketball League games would be delayed. During the 2012–13 season, some Friday night games were shown live on 10 Bold at 9.30 pm. Live Sunday games returned to 10 at 2pm. By March 2012, sport was very much a secondary focus of 10 Bold. Sport is only shown when it clashes with 10's regular programming or as HD simulcast when it airs on 10. Moto GP races airs only on 10 Bold except for the Australian GP round which airs on 10 as well as 10 Bold as HD simulcast. F1 qualifying is shown on 10 Bold live while 10 replays later on. 10 Bold broadcast Formula One Grand Prix every qualifying session shown live with a half-hour preview. Rights to be held till 2014, including IPTV rights from 2011 to 2014 and in 2015 onwards Formula One shows a 1-hour highlight package at 9.30pm Mondays on One that aren't live on Network Ten while continuing with a simulcast on tenplay. 10 Bold broadcast Moto GP every race live (qualifying in highlights only from 2014 onwards) from 2010 till 2014, then from 2015 to 2016. Moto2 and Moto3 and MotoGP will be shown on the Australian Motorcycle Grand Prix round only on Ten. 10 Bold had previously showed NASCAR, between 2010 and 2014 airing both Sprint Cup and Nationwide Series highlights. Every NASCAR Sprint Cup race was shown live between 2011 and 2014. 10 Bold shows highlights for every round of Super Rugby every Sunday morning and replays of every Wallabies Test at around midday, that was previously shown on TEN from The Rugby Championship and Spring Tour Availability 10 Bold is available in 1080i high definition from the network's five metropolitan owned-and-operated stations, TEN Sydney, ATV Melbourne, TVQ Brisbane, ADS Adelaide, and NEW Perth and is also available in regional Australia in 576i standard definition from Southern Cross Austereo's owned-and-operated stations, SGS/SCN in Spencer Gulf and Broken Hill, GLV/BCV in Regional Victoria, CTC in Southern New South Wales/Australian Capital Territory and TNQ in Regional Queensland. WIN Television through its owned-and-operated stations, NRN in Northern New South Wales, MGS/LRS in eastern South Australia, and MDN in Griffith and the MIA. Digital joint-venture stations, MDV in Mildura, TDT in Tasmania, WDT in regional Western Australia, DTD in Darwin, and CDT in Central Australia (including remote NT, QLD and SA) also broadcast 10 Bold but in 1080i high definition just like 10 Bold in 10’s O&O stations. One was available to Foxtel cable subscribers via its HD+ package, and One SD was available on its basic cable service when it was broadcast. Logo and identity history Identity history 26 March 2009 – 7 May 2011: Sharing One Passion Sport/Sport Lives Here 7 May 2011 – 31 October 2018: It All Lives Here 10 December 2018 – 1 August 2020: It's better to be bold than bossy! 2 August 2020 — present: Heroes Live Here See also List of digital television channels in Australia References External links Network 10 Digital terrestrial television in Australia English-language television stations in Australia Men's mass media Men's interest channels Television channels and stations established in 2009 2009 establishments in Australia
Youth is an album by American reggae singer Matisyahu, which was released on March 7, 2006. It is his second proper studio release, as Live at Stubb's is a live album. The CD quickly shot to the top of iTunes best sellers list the day it was released (partially because iTunes ran a special promotion for pre-orders). The first single from the album is "King without a Crown", which also appeared on Matisyahu's previous album, Live at Stubb's. However, a different music video was shot for the Youth version of the song, whereas the version on the Stubb's concert album was accompanied by a concert video. The album debuted at number four on the Billboard 200 with over 119,000 copies sold in its first week released. A month later, the album was certified gold by the RIAA. As of September 24, 2008 the album has sold approximately 585,000 copies in the United States according to Nielsen Soundscan. On December 27, 2006, Billboard announced that Youth ranked 3rd overall on the 2006 Reggae album charts, immediately behind Live at Stubb's. The topic of the album is mostly the support and promotion of youth voice, more explicitly in the eponymous second track. The album, along with its topic, mixes Matisyahu's lyrics, which contain several references to his Jewish beliefs, with a mainstream sound. Track listing Personnel Matisyahu – vocals Roots Tonic – music (Aaron Dugan: guitar, Josh Werner: bass and keys, Jonah David: drums) Marlon "Moshe" Sobol – guest musician on "WP" Stan Ipcus – guest musician on "WP" Yusu Youssou – guest musician on "Shalom/Saalam" and "Ancient Lullaby" Bill Laswell – production, engineering Ill Factor & Jimmy Douglass – production on "Time of Your Song", "Indestructible", and "Jerusalem" Bob Musso – engineering James Dellatacoma – assistant engineering Michael Fossenkemper – mastering Charts References Matisyahu albums 2006 albums Epic Records albums JDub Records albums
Nifoxipam (3-hydroxydesmethylflunitrazepam, DP 370) is a benzodiazepine that is a minor metabolite of flunitrazepam and has been sold online as a designer drug. Nifoxipam produces strong tranquillising and sleep-prolonging effects and has much lower toxicity compared to lormetazepam and flunitrazepam in mice. See also List of benzodiazepine designer drugs Nitrazolam Nitemazepam Phenazepam References Designer drugs Fluoroarenes GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators Glycine receptor antagonists Lactams Nitrobenzodiazepines Lactims
Three components that are included in the load of a river system are the following: dissolved load, wash load and bed material load. The bed material load is the portion of the sediment that is transported by a stream that contains material derived from the bed. Bed material load typically consists of all of the bed load, and the proportion of the suspended load that is represented in the bed sediments. It generally consists of grains coarser than 0.062 mm with the principal source being the channel bed. Its importance lies in that its composition is that of the bed, and the material in transport can therefore be actively interchanged with the bed. For this reason, bed material load exerts a control on river channel morphology. Bed load and wash load (the sediment that rides high in the flow and does not extract non-negligible momentum from it) together constitute the total load of sediment in a stream. The order in which the three components of load have been considered – dissolved, wash, bed material – can be thought of as progression: of increasingly slower transport velocities, so that the load peak lags further and further behind the flow peak during any event. Sediment Transport Bed-material load is composed of larger grains than any of the other loads. The rate in which grains travel is dependent on the transporting capacity of the flow. Particles move by rolling, sliding, or saltation (bouncing or jumping of grains) at velocities less than that of the surrounding flow. Rolling is the primary mode of transport in gravel-bed streams, while saltation in which grains hop over the bed in a series of low trajectories is largely restricted to sands and small gravels. Various equations are used to estimate the rate at which sediments are transported through the fluvial system. Bed-material discharge equations generally are applicable only within the range of flow conditions and sediment sizes for which the equations were derived. Variables used to characterize the bed material load transport as described by Kumar (2012) are as follows: – Channel geometry: b (width of the channel), y (flow depth) and BF (bed form of the channel) – Dynamic properties: Q\ (channel discharge), Sf (friction/energy slope), τb (bed shear stress) and τc (critical shear stress or Shields’ shear stress) – Sediment properties: d (mean size of sediment), σ (gradation coefficient of the sediment particles) and Gs (specific gravity) – Fluid properties: ν (viscosity) Bed material load transport (C) is a function of all the above parameters, i.e.: C = f (b, y, BF, Q, Sf , τb, τc, d, σ,Gs, ν) Knowledge of sediment transport is important to such endeavors as river restoration, ecosystem protection, navigation, and infrastructure management. Measurements Direct and indirect methods are two ways in which bed material can be measured. Direct measurement is done through the use of a physical trap, placing the device in contact with the bed, “allowing the sediment transported as bedload to accumulate (or be trapped) inside the sampler for a certain amount of time, after which the sampler is raised to the surface and the material is emptied and weighed to determine a weight transported per unit time." There are three types of direct samplers, which include a box or basket, pan or tray, and pressure difference as described by Hubbell (1964). Measurements of bedload discharge are rare and frequently of unknown accuracy because no bedload sampler has been extensively tested and calibrated over a wide range of hydraulic conditions. The box sampler has an opening that allows sediment to enter, the pan or tray samplers are placed in front of the open front of a box, and the pressure difference sampler is made to produce a pressure drop at the end of the nozzle. Accurate field measurements are very difficult to make, errors principally associated with the measuring devices themselves and with the extreme temporal variations in transport rate, which are a characteristic feature of bed material movement. Indirect measurements can be performed by a tracer, repeated channel surveys, bedform velocimetry, or velocimetry. No one method is entirely satisfactory, but indirect channel surveys, provided they are detailed enough at the reach scale, can produce reliable results, and have the advantages of minimum disturbance to the flow and time-integrated sampling which averages out short-term fluctuations in the transport rate. Importance Bed-material exerts a control on river channel morphology. The bed material load transport in alluvial rivers is the principal link between river hydraulics and river form and is responsible for building and maintaining the channel geometry. References Sedimentology Geomorphology
"Roger" Charles Horace Lamley (9 March 1870 – 22 December 1961) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He played for North Melbourne and Collingwood in the Victorian Football Association before coming to Fitzroy. Notes References Holmesby, Russell & Main, Jim (2009). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 8th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing. External links 1870 births 1961 deaths Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state) Australian Rules footballers: place kick exponents North Melbourne Football Club (VFA) players Collingwood Football Club (VFA) players Fitzroy Football Club (VFA) players Fitzroy Football Club players
Saint Paulinus () is a Baroque church in the city of Trier, Germany. Constructed between 1734 and 1753, the interior was designed by Johann Balthasar Neumann. The ceiling of the nave features a painting by the artist Christoph Thomas Scheffler. The tomb of the saint after whom the church is named, Paulinus of Trier, is located in the church's crypt. Based in Germany's oldest city with a significant Roman history, three church buildings have stood on the site since the 4th century. History First church: 4th Century to 1039 Anti-Arian Paulinus of Trier was a bishop of Trier before being exiled to Phrygia in 353. He died there five years later, but his remains were returned to Trier in 395. Felix of Trier, a bishop of the city who held the post from 386 to 398, initiated the erection of a crypt and church on the current site of Saint Paulinus' Church, near a cemetery and just outside the walls of the city. Felix originally dedicated the church (and associated monastery) to the Theban Legion, martyred, according to legend, near Agaunum (present-day Saint Maurice-en-Valais) for refusing to renounce their Christian beliefs. The alleged remains of up to twelve of these martyred soldiers were placed in the crypt by Felix of Trier. Paulinus of Trier's body was later interred here also, and the dedication of the church was transferred to the saint. Several centuries later, in 1039, a fire destroyed the building, but the crypt was spared damage. Second church: c. 1148 to 1674 Following the fire of the original, ancient church, a new building was constructed under Archbishop Bruno. Pope Eugene III consecrated the completed church in 1148. Smaller than the present building, the basilica featured a twin-tower façade with staircases either side, not unlike the balconies on the west face of the Cathedral of Trier, built for displaying relics to the public. French troops besieged and occupied Trier in 1673. In order to make space for an encampment, soldiers blew up the church the following year. Third church: 1734 to present Sixty years after the destruction of the second church by French troops, Franz Georg von Schönborn-Buchheim, Archbishop of Trier, funded the erection of a new basilica. Designed as a single nave, probably by the architect Christian Kretzschmar, most of the internal elements were the work of Johann Balthasar Neumann, a significant Baroque architect responsible for several impressive buildings, such as the Würzburg Residence. Dates for the completion of the church are given as 1743 or 1753, but it was consecrated in 1757. The tower reaches a height of 53 metres, and the length of the building is 52 m. Between 1802 and 1804, the monastery associated with the church was dissolved when assets were seized by the French, the church losing its collegial status and becoming a parish church instead. On 23 May 1958, Pope Pius XII awarded the church Basilica minor status. Features and functions As well as being the architect of the building, Neumann contributed his Rococo architectural flair to several internal elements, including the stucco work, ornate altars, and ciborium. The sculptor Ferdinand Tietz carried out several of Neumann's plans, carving elements such as the statuary and choir stalls. The ceiling of the nave features a large fresco painted by Christoph Thomas Scheffler, portraying scenes from the life of St Paulinus and depictions of the martyrdom of the Theban Legion. Organ-builder Romanus Benedict Nollet worked on the organ between 1753 and 1756. Klais Orgelbau, an organ building and restoration company, restored and electrified the pipe organ before 1934, and renewed it in 1991. The church's four bells were cast by the brothers Charles and Joseph Perrin between 1821 and 1822. As few European bells from the 19th century survived two world wars, the bells are considered historically important. The church is active as a place of worship and is open for viewing by the public several days each week. It also hosts concerts, usually organ recitals. The martyrdom of the Theban Legion is commemorated each year in October by opening the crypt to visitors who wish to view the tombs of the Roman soldiers interred there. At other times of year, it is normally only possible to view a portion of the crypt through a metal grille. The church still maintains a cemetery in its grounds, and in 1989 a chapel was erected near the grave of Blessed Blandine Merten, who died in Trier in 1918. References External links Roman Catholic churches in Trier Paulinus Trier
Quatrefoil: A Modern Novel, sometimes called Quatrefoil, is a novel about gay men written in 1950 by James W. Fugaté under the pen name James Barr. It is known for being the first modern book to portray homosexuality in a positive way. The main character, Phillip, is based on a college fraternity brother that the author had an affair with while in college. Quatrefoil has been translated into French and German. Its initial release was accompanied by a marketing campaign which included distribution of free copies to more than seventy-five gay bars in the United States and Canada. It was rumoured to have outsold Gore Vidal's The City and the Pillar and Truman Capote's Other Voices, Other Rooms, two other prominent gay-themed novels of the time. Plot Quatrefoil tells the story of a naval officer and banker named Phillip Froelich who is engaged to be married to a woman named Sybel Jo. While under investigation by court-martial by the Navy in 1946, he meets and is assisted by Tim Danelaw, a superior officer. While Phillip is increasing drawn to Tim, Phillip acts out his confusion by having a one-time affair with Tim's wife Pam. However, after sitting for a portrait by Tim, Phillip is drawn closer to Tim and finds out that Pam and Tim are going through a divorce. An affair with Tim causes Phillip to confront his closeted homosexuality. They become lovers. They are stereotypical masculine and intellectual characters who discuss art and philosophy, and thus are contrasted (favorably according to the text) with behaviors of "the average homosexual" of the time who would be effeminate. Phillip wrestles with his feelings and thoughts of his future, and the choice between living a stable life running his family's bank, or pursuing his newfound feelings for Tim. When Tim goes to Phillip's hometown of Devereux, Oklahoma, and meets Phillip's family, his family is embracing. Phillip's sister even encourages him to forsake the life expected of him to follow Tim. While in Oklahoma, Tim finds out Sybel Jo's family secret that has been hidden: the family is recently broke and is merely looking to quickly marry into the Froelichs for financial security. With this reveal, Phillip breaks off the engagement with Sybel Jo, and decides to be with Tim. However, at the end, just as Tim and Phillip are to be securely united and travel the world, Tim is killed in a plane crash. Recognition The novel presents an example of how gay men kept their homosexuality hidden in the 1950s. It has been admired as a work that portrayed the main characters as people who grew in self confidence, which differentiated the novel from other gay literature of the time portraying homosexual men as campy. Most gay works at the time had ended with either suicide or murder out of self-loathing, another tradition broken by Quatrefoil, though Tim still dies. See also Quatrefoil, a decorative element Quatrefoil Library, which was named for the novel Lost Gay Novels References External links Quatrefoil via The Internet Archive 1950 American novels Gay male romance novels 1950s LGBT novels
Midland is an American country music group formed in 2014 in Dripping Springs, Texas. The band members are Mark Wystrach (lead vocals, guitar), Jess Carson (guitar, vocals), and Cameron Duddy (bass guitar, vocals). Through Big Machine Records, the band has released two EPs, their self-titled EP and The Last Resort. They have released three studio albums, On the Rocks, Let It Roll and The Last Resort: Greetings From, which have accounted for seven charted singles on the Billboard country chart: "Drinkin' Problem", Burn Out", "Make a Little", "Mr. Lonely", "Cheatin' Songs", "Sunrise Tells the Story" and "Longneck Way to Go". Midland's musical style is known as neotraditional country. History The band Midland was formed in Dripping Springs, Texas. The trio met separately around Los Angeles, where Jess Carson and Cameron Duddy were in a number of bands through a number of years. After Carson left L.A., Duddy and Mark Wystrach met and formed a country-rock band called The Young Whiskey. The trio met up in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, for Duddy's wedding in August 2013; both Wystrach and Carson acted as groomsmen. As Duddy recalls the story, Carson and Wystrach arrived in Jackson Hole for the wedding a week early. After playing songs together on the front porch of Carson's cabin, they proposed starting a project together. Six months later, in January 2014, Duddy called Carson and Wystrach to suggest that they record some songs, and they went to the Sonic Ranch recording studio in El Paso, TX to record for 10 days. As stated by Wystrach, "when we went to the Sonic Ranch, we became a band. We walked away believing in what had happened." Wystrach and Duddy then both moved with their families to Texas where Carson lived. They decided to name the band after a song by musician Dwight Yoakam called "Fair to Midland". The trio has a definitive sound. Mark Wystrach grew up surrounded by music as his parents were both fans of live music. His parents owned a country music venue. In addition to being a singer, Wystrach is also an actor and model. Wystrach was signed to IMG Models as a model. Jess Carson grew up on a farm in Oregon where the main genre was country music. His sister and father were both musicians, so he started playing guitar. Cameron Duddy started playing music after a difficult situation in his family; he found that music helped to lessen the tension, saying, "Sometimes you don't get to talk about all the things that you maybe want to talk about and the ice breaker started to be music." He got his first guitar from his father; it helped him to find his identity. Duddy is also a music video director; he won an MTV Video Music Award for the video "Locked Out of Heaven" by Bruno Mars. Midland's first song, "Fourteen Gears", was around 2015. The song, according to Duddy, was "another one of the early moments that defined and solidified the band." 2016–present On March 9, 2016, the trio signed to Big Machine Records and released the Midland EP featuring their debut single, "Drinkin' Problem", which charted on Billboards Hot Country Songs and Country Airplay. The band wrote the song with Shane McAnally and Josh Osborne, the former of whom also produced it. Duddy directed the song's music video. Their debut album On the Rocks was released in September 22, 2017, produced by Dann Huff, Josh Osborne, Shane McAnally. Midland released "Make a Little" as the second single. "Burn Out" as the third single, it was released in late 2018. Midland was nominated for two Grammy Awards in 2018: Grammy Award for Best Country Song and Grammy Award for Best Country Duo/Group Performance, both for "Drinkin’ Problem". Midland won at the 2018 ACM Awards for best New Vocal Group of the year. Midland released the single "Mr. Lonely" in February 2019 as the leadoff single to their second album. Midland released "Cheatin' Songs" in August of 2019 as the second single to the album. The album, Let It Roll, was released on August 23, 2019. The band began a tour in June in support of the album. In February of 2020 Midland launched three expressions of their own brand of tequila, called "insõlito". In March 2021, Midland released an album titled The Sonic Ranch, which served as the soundtrack for the documentary film on their origin story, focusing on their first recording session at The Sonic Ranch in 2014. On July 16, 2021, Midland released their latest EP, The Last Resort, which hit Number 47 on the Billboard Album Sales Chart. The band followed the EP with their third studio album titled The Last Resort: Greetings From, released on May 6, 2022. They released "Sunrise Tells the Story" as the first single, and the second single was released in late 2022 titled "Longneck Way to Go", with Jon Pardi. Band members Mark Wystrach - lead vocals, guitar Jess Carson - rhythm guitar, vocals Cameron Duddy - bass guitar, vocalsTouring musiciansLuke Cutchen - lead guitar Phillip Sterk - steel guitar Jeff Adamczyk - organ, piano Robbie Crowell - drums Style and influences Rolling Stone said that "the Texas-based band blend their voices to produce country music that recalls a mix of George Strait, Urban Cowboy and Seventies yacht rock." Billboard describes the band's sound as "a definite George Strait '80s New Traditionalist feel to it, combined with the rich California harmonies that made The Eagles legendary." Midland also is known for their unique dressing style, very similar to the original "Nudie suits" designed by Nudie Cohn. Vogue called Midland both heartthrobs and fashion risk takers." Discography Studio albums Live albums Soundtrack albums Extended plays SinglesNotes' Music videos Other appearances Awards and nominations References External links Official website Musical groups established in 2016 Country music groups from Texas Big Machine Records artists 2016 establishments in Texas Musical trios from Texas
Henriëtte Geertruida Knip (19 July 1783 – 29 May 1842) was a flower painter from the Northern Netherlands. Knip was born in Tilburg as the daughter of the painter Nicolaas Frederik Knip. After her father went blind, she followed lessons from her older brother, Joseph August Knip. In 1802, she followed him to Paris and took lessons from the flower painter Gerard van Spaendonck. She became a successful painter and spent summers in Haarlem painting the flowers of the various flower companies, and she spent winters in Amsterdam teaching ladies how to paint. In 1824 she went back again to Paris to take lessons from the artist Jan Frans van Dael. When her brother began to go blind, she was able to support his family as well as herself. She never married and died in Haarlem. Her work is sometimes confused with that of her niece Henriëtte Ronner-Knip, whose works generally contain animals. References External links Henriëtte Knip in the RKD Henriëtte Knip in 1001 Vrouwen uit de Nederlandse geschiedenis 1783 births 1842 deaths People from Tilburg 18th-century Dutch painters 19th-century Dutch painters Flower artists Dutch women painters 19th-century Dutch women artists 18th-century Dutch women artists
The 2018 Haarlem Baseball Week was an international baseball competition held at the Pim Mulier Stadium in Haarlem, the Netherlands from 13–22 July 2018. It was the 29th edition of the tournament. Japan became champions for the fourth time, beating Chinese Taipei in the final who played their first final in the history of the tournament. Teams A usual number of six teams were invited to the tournament. Chinese Taipei is the official IBAF designation for the team representing the state officially referred to as the Republic of China, more commonly known as Taiwan. (See also political status of Taiwan for details.) As national team. 6 non-national teams from West Germany have appeared before. Group stage Standings Game results Play-offs Final Final standings External links Official Website References Haarlem Baseball Week
Michelle Cesan (born March 18, 1991, Harding Township, New Jersey) is an American field hockey player. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed for the United States women's national field hockey team in the women's event. She attended Princeton University and was named an NFHCA All-American for two seasons. References External links 1991 births Living people American female field hockey players Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States Pan American Games medalists in field hockey Field hockey players at the 2011 Pan American Games Sportspeople from Morris County, New Jersey People from Harding Township, New Jersey Medalists at the 2011 Pan American Games 21st-century American women
Hypoxis is a genus of flowering plants of the family Hypoxidaceae. The genus has an "almost cosmopolitan" distribution, occurring in Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Australia. Europe lacks native species. Most species are in the Southern Hemisphere, especially in southern Africa. Common names for the genus include star-grass, star lily, yellow stars, African potato, and stars. The genus is the largest of the Hypoxidaceae and has its centre of variation in South Africa, where it occurs in open undisturbed grasslands. The name Hypoxis was taken over by Linnaeus in 1759 from a name coined by Paul Reneaulme in 1611 for a superficially similar species of Gagea and meaning "a little sour", referring to the taste of that plant's leaves. Description These plants are perennial herbs with corms or rhizomes. Some have tubers. The aboveground herbage is a layered cluster of lance-shaped, linear, or hairlike leaves, sometimes sheathed together at the bases. The blades are usually at least slightly hairy. The flowers are borne on a short, stemlike scape in a raceme or umbel arrangement, or sometimes singly. The flower has six yellow tepals which may be hairy, especially on the undersides. The undersides may also be whitish or tinged green or red. Occasional flowers have 4 or 8 tepals. The fruit is a capsule with a few to many small, oily seeds. The seeds are needed to identify many species. Most have seeds less than 2 millimeters long, so microscopic examination is required. Uses Hypoxis plants have long played a role in traditional African medicine; H. hemerocallidea and H. colchicifolia are the best known species used to make medicine and teas. The genus is not only used in traditional medicine, it has become important also in pharmaceutical preparations. Archaeological evidence found in ashes in Border Cave, South Africa has revealed that early humans roasted the rhizomes of some of the more palatable species of Hypoxis as long as 170,000 years ago. Species Sources have estimated 90 or 100 to 150 species in the genus. , Plants of the World Online recognized 90 species: Hypoxis abyssinica Hochst. Hypoxis acuminata Baker Hypoxis angustifolia Lam. Hypoxis argentea Harv. ex Baker Hypoxis arillacea R.J.F.Hend. Hypoxis atlantica Hypoxis aurea Lour. Hypoxis bampsiana Wiland Hypoxis baurii Hypoxis camerooniana Baker Hypoxis canaliculata Baker Hypoxis catamarcensis Brackett Hypoxis cavernicola Hypoxis colchicifolia Baker Hypoxis colliculata Sánchez-Ken Hypoxis costata Baker Hypoxis cuanzensis Welw. ex Baker Hypoxis curtissii Rose in J.K.Small – Curtiss' star-grass Hypoxis decumbens L. Hypoxis demissa Nel Hypoxis dinteri Nel Hypoxis domingensis Urb. Hypoxis exaltata Nel Hypoxis exilis R.J.F.Hend. – swamp star Hypoxis filiformis Baker Hypoxis fischeri Pax Hypoxis flanaganii Baker Hypoxis floccosa Baker Hypoxis galpinii Baker Hypoxis gerrardii Baker Hypoxis goetzei Harms Hypoxis gregoriana Rendle Hypoxis hemerocallidea Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall. – African potato Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville – common goldstar Hypoxis humilis Kunth Hypoxis hygrometrica Labill. – golden weather-glass Hypoxis interjecta Nel Hypoxis juncea Sm. – fringed yellow star-grass Hypoxis kilimanjarica Baker Hypoxis kraussiana Buchinger ex C.Krauss Hypoxis lata Nel Hypoxis lejolyana Wiland Hypoxis leucotricha Fritsch Hypoxis limicola B.L.Burtt Hypoxis longifolia Baker Hypoxis lucens McVaugh Hypoxis ludwigii Baker Hypoxis lusalensis Wiland Hypoxis malaissei Wiland Hypoxis marginata R.Br. Hypoxis membranacea Baker Hypoxis mexicana Schult. & Schult.f. – Mexican yellow star-grass Hypoxis milloides Hypoxis monanthos Baker Hypoxis muhilensis Wiland Hypoxis multiceps Buchinger ex Baker Hypoxis neliana Schinz Hypoxis nervosa R.J.F.Hend. Hypoxis nivea Y.Singh Hypoxis nyasica Baker Hypoxis oblonga Nel Hypoxis obtusa Burch. ex Ker Gawl. Hypoxis oligophylla Baker Hypoxis parvifolia Baker Hypoxis parvula Baker Hypoxis polystachya Welw. ex Baker Hypoxis potosina Brackett Hypoxis pratensis R.Br. Hypoxis protrusa Nel Hypoxis pulchella G.L.Nesom Hypoxis rigida Chapm. Hypoxis rigidula Baker Hypoxis robusta Nel Hypoxis rubella Hypoxis sagittata Nel Hypoxis schimperi Baker Hypoxis sessilis L. Hypoxis setosa Baker Hypoxis sobolifera Jacq. Hypoxis stellipilis Ker Gawl. Hypoxis suffruticosa Nel Hypoxis symoensiana Wiland Hypoxis tepicensis Brackett Hypoxis tetramera Hilliard & B.L.Burtt Hypoxis uniflorata Markötter Hypoxis upembensis Wiland Hypoxis urceolata Nel Hypoxis villosa L.f. Hypoxis wrightii (Baker) Brackett Hypoxis zeyheri Baker Gallery References External links Hypoxis. Red List of South African Plants. SANBI. GRIN Species Records of Hypoxis. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Hypoxis. ITIS. Asparagales genera
Gao Jian (; born 29 January 2002) is a Chinese footballer currently playing as a forward for Beijing Guoan. Career statistics Club . References 2002 births Living people Chinese men's footballers Men's association football forwards Beijing Guoan F.C. players
Igor Nikolayevich Salov (; born 24 March 1983, in Rostov-on-Don) is a Russian rower. He finished 7th in the men's quadruple sculls at the 2008 Summer Olympics. References 1983 births Living people Russian male rowers Sportspeople from Rostov-on-Don Olympic rowers for Russia Rowers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
The 1983 Braintree District Council election took place on 5 May 1983 to elect members of Braintree District Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections. Summary Election result \|} Ward results Black Notley Bocking North Bocking South Braintree Central Braintree East Braintree West No Labour candidates as previous (15.3%, 13.2%). Bumpstead Castle Headingham Coggeshall Colne Engaine & Greenstead Green Cressing No Independent candidate as previous (25.8%). Earls Colne Gosfield Halstead Holy Trinity Halstead St. Andrew's No Labour candidates as previous (27.8%, 24.3%). Hatfield Peverel Kelvedon Panfield Rayne No Labour candidate as previous (25.8%). Sible Headingham Stour Valley Central Stour Valley North Stour Valley South Terling Three Fields Upper Colne Witham Central Witham Chipping Hill Witham North Witham Silver End & Rivenhall Witham South Witham West No Communist candidate as previous (9.6%). Yeldham References Braintree District Council elections 1983 English local elections May 1983 events in the United Kingdom 1970s in Essex
Data-driven marketing is a process used by marketers to gain insights and identify trends about consumers and how they behave — what they buy, the effectiveness of ads, and how they browse. Modern solutions rely on big data strategies and collect information about consumer interactions and engagements to generate predictions about future behaviors. This kind of analysis involves understanding the data that is already present, the data that can be acquired, and how to organize, analyze, and apply that data to better marketing efforts. The intended goal is generally to enhance and personalize the customer experience. The market research allows for a comprehensive study of preferences. History of data driven marketing Some marketing decisions have always been made on the basis of data, defined in the general sense as information. Audience targeting and segmentation strategies provide many examples. Since 1950, the Nielsen ratings have provided information to media buyers about television program audiences. Business-to-business marketers often target advertising to specialized trade publications and their digital channels. Data driven marketing in the contemporary sense can be traced back to the 1980s and the emergence of database marketing, which increased the ease of personalizing customer communications. In 1993, WebTrends released one of the first web analytics products when only a few hundred websites existed. In the twenty-first century, social media and mobile technology have contributed to an explosion in the amount of data and its availability. Today, marketers use tools such as: Google Analytics Customer relationship management (CRM) and marketing automation platforms Social media analytics Pay-per-click (PPC) and search engine marketing (SEM) analytics Heat maps or web optimization tools (A/B testing data). Types of data driven marketing The universe of data driven marketing is vast, but there are essentially two types of data used in marketing: contact information and performance metrics. Capturing contact information allows marketers to track potential customers and target them through emails, paid social, other digital tactics, and even potentially phone calls or direct mail, such as catalogs. Tracking of performance metrics, such as engagement, clicks, and page views enables marketers to improve and refine marketing activities to more effectively reach high-value prospects. Phases Data collection - This phase ensures customer/consumer data is collected from various source systems to create a 'Complete Customer Profile' Data activation - This phase focuses on 'personalized marketing'. Based on the data collected, marketing strategy can be planned and focused. Activation can be across multiple channels (email marketing, SMS marketing, social marketing, digital ads etc.). Marketers can target their audience with relevant messaging that can be personalized - i.e.., different communication based on phase of customer life cycle. Analytics and Insights - Marketers can collect information on their consumers/customers and define several models to learn more. Based on the engagement the customer/consumer has with the brand, the models can help refine the target audience and predictions, thus ensuring focused effort of marketers to acquire new customers or retain existing customers. Analytic tools allow for targeted and personalized marketing to the customer. Companies use customer reviews and customer support conversations to extract data for planning the marketing strategy. Approaching an audience with a targeted campaign increases the chances of their conversion. Marketers can now understand customer behavior and make informed decisions based on the data, thus allowing for relevant targeting. Data analysis techniques Analysis techniques for marketing can include: Web analytics: Measurement of page views, traffic by device and other activity. Metrics for “lead magnets” or content offers: Simple measurements such as call-to-action (CTA) click-through rates and more complex data such as the ratio of generated leads to marketing-qualified leads (MQL). Email marketing metrics: Including open rate and unsubscribe rate. Content and social media metrics: Engagement rate, follows, shares and other measurements. E-commerce metrics: Shopping cart abandonment rate and other activity. Advanced marketing analytics uses complex models to provide intelligence such as: Customer lifetime value Marketing attribution: evaluate the effectiveness of the campaign, attribute success or failure to channels and presentation Clustering: group customers based on personal characteristics Conversion prediction: list users who are likely to turn into customers Anomaly detection Forecasting Examples of data driven marketing E-commerce retailers use data driven marketing extensively to ensure the best customer experience and increase sales. One example cited in the Harvard Business Review is Vineyard Vines, a fashion brand with brick-and-mortar stores and an online product catalog. The company has used an artificial intelligence (AI) platform to gain insights about its customers from actions taken or not taken on the e-commerce site. Email or social media communications are automatically triggered at certain points, such as cart abandonment. Insights are also used to refine search engine marketing. In business-to-business marketing, where inbound leads must be captured and nurtured, tactics are more likely to be aimed at long-term retention of the prospect rather than urging them to buy. Content marketing is frequently used. Prospects may be offered a white paper or other high-value information resources in exchange for their email address. Marketing automation tools support continuing activity along the customer journey. References Marketing techniques Mass media monitoring
Limoncello () is an Italian lemon liqueur mainly produced in Southern Italy, especially in the region around the Gulf of Naples, the Amalfi Coast, and Sicily. It is the second-most popular liqueur in Italy and is traditionally served chilled as an after-dinner digestivo. It is also a popular homemade liqueur, with various recipes available online and in print. Limoncello is made from the zest of lemons and usually has a slightly turbid appearance, which originates from the presence of small essential oil droplets suspended in the drink. History The exact origin of limoncello is disputed. The industry trade group says that limoncello was created at the beginning of the 1900s by the grandmother of Maria Antonia Farace, who lived in a small guesthouse in Isola Azzurra. US sources say that it was either invented in Sicily about 100 years ago, or that it was first made on the Amalfi coast, where several villages and islands claim to be its place of origin. Journalist Kristen Tillotson reports that it may either have been invented by a citrus-grove tender from Azzurra around 1900 or by monks or fishermen much earlier. Production Limoncello is mainly produced in Southern Italy, especially in the region around the Gulf of Naples, the Amalfi Coast, and Sicily. Traditionally, limoncello is made from the zest of Femminello St. Teresa lemons, also known as Sorrento or Sfusato lemons. Lemon zest, or peels without the pith, is steeped in rectified spirit until the oil is released. The resulting yellow liquid is then mixed with simple syrup. Varying the sugar-to-water ratio and the temperature affects the clarity, viscosity, and flavor. It has a slightly turbid appearance, which originates from the presence of small (approximately 100 nanometers) essential oil droplets suspended in the drink. Opaque limoncello is the result of spontaneous emulsification (otherwise known as the ouzo effect) of the sugar syrup and extracted lemon oils. Commercial production was about 15 million liters in 2003. Popularity Limoncello is the second-most popular liqueur in Italy after Campari. Serving Limoncello is traditionally served chilled as an after-dinner digestivo. Along the Sorrentine Peninsula and the Amalfi Coast, it is usually served in small ceramic glasses that are also chilled. This tradition has been carried into other parts of Italy. Alcohol content Alcohol content can vary widely, especially among homemade variants, but the typical alcohol content is about 30% by volume. Variants Many variations of limoncello are also available. These include arancello (flavored with oranges), agrumello (flavored with mixed citrus), pistachiocello (flavored with pistachio nuts), meloncello (flavored with cantaloupe), and fragoncello (flavored with strawberry). A version made with milk instead of simple syrup also exists, known as and is often less alcoholic, at around 17% alcohol content by volume. See also Cedratine List of lemon dishes and beverages Tubi 60 Villa Massa Limoncello – a brand of limoncello produced in the Sorrento peninsula of Italy References External links Italian liqueurs Citrus liqueurs Amalfi Coast Lemon drinks Cuisine of Campania Fruit liqueurs Italian alcoholic drinks
Jan Drohojowski (1901–1979) was a Polish diplomat for the governments of the Second Polish Republic and later, Polish government in exile and the People's Republic of Poland. Biography Born on 27 January 1901 in Tarnów, he began his diplomatic career around early 1920s, but retired following the May Coup (Poland), and emigrated to the United States, where he was a journalist for some Polish-American press. Following the onset of WWII he became involved with the Polish government in exile, first working in the Polish embassy in the USA. He was Poland's chargé d' affaires to Cuba (1942), a representative to China (1942), a consul in Jerusalem (1943), and following that he became a deputy minister of information and documentation in the government-in-exile until 1944. Following the war he joined the diplomatic service of the communist Polish government, becoming an envoy or an ambassador (sources vary) to Mexico (1945-1951) and Egypt (1952-1952). He was also a representative of Poland to the United Nations. From April 1952 to April 1953 he was a director of the Powszechna Kasa Oszczędności Bank Polski (1952-1953). He received the Order of Polonia Restituta twice (in 1946 and 1951). Following a purge, he was arrested and held until March 1955. He spent the rest of his life as a writer and journalist, publishing several books on Latin America, in addition to his memoirs. He died on 2 January 1979 in Warsaw. Personal life Jan Drohojowski married twice. First around 1930 he married Texaco oil heiress Katharyn Silva Cornell; they had a daughter Katarzyna Maria Drohojowska. They divorced in 1935, with Cornell alleging that Drohojowski "told risque stories...[and] came to lunch in pajamas". Drohojowski requested, but did not receive, alimony from Cornell, "an unusual plea in court annals." Later around 1940 he married his fellow diplomat Natalia Aszkenazy. They had a son, Adam Francisco (Pancho) Drohojowski, born in Mexico in 1947. Bibliography Jana Drohojewskiego wspomnienia dyplomatyczne (1959) Abraham Lincoln (1962) Meksyk bogów, krzyża i dolarów (1962) Indianin prezydentem Meksyku (1964) Religie i wierzenia w życiu Ameryki Łacińskiej (1964) Róg obfitości (1967) Ameryka Łacińska z bliska (1968) Polacy w Ameryce (1976) References Further reading Drohojowski Jan. Zgon (2.I.1979). Kultura 1979 nr 2 s.2.; Literatura 1979 nr 3 s.2.; Przekrój 1979 nr 1762 s.3.; Perspektywy 1979 nr 2 s.36.: Rocz.Liter. 1979 s.746-747.; Tryb.Lud. 1979 nr 4 s.4.; Życie Warsz. 1979 nr 3 s.2, nr 5 s.5, nr 6 s.5.; Tyg.Pow 1901 births 1979 deaths Ambassadors of Poland to Egypt Ambassadors of Poland to Mexico Burials at Powązki Military Cemetery People from Tarnów Recipients of the Order of Polonia Restituta (1944–1989)
William Barrett Washburn (January 31, 1820 – October 5, 1887) was an American businessman and politician from Massachusetts. Washburn served several terms in the United States House of Representatives (1863–71) and as the 28th governor of Massachusetts from 1872 to 1874, when he won election to the United States Senate in a special election to succeed the recently deceased Charles Sumner. A moderate Republican, Washburn only partially supported the Radical Republican agenda during the American Civil War and the Reconstruction Era that followed. A Yale graduate, Washburn parlayed early business success in furniture manufacture into banking and railroads, based in the Connecticut River valley town of Greenfield. He was a major proponent of railroads in northern and western Massachusetts, sitting on the board of the Connecticut River Railroad for many years, and playing an oversight role in the construction of the Hoosac Tunnel. He has been described as a latter-day "Connecticut River God" because of his role as a leading regional businessman and politician. Early life William Barrett Washburn was born on January 31, 1820, in Winchendon, Massachusetts, to Asa and Phoebe (Whitney) Washburn. His father was a hat maker from a family with deep colonial roots; Emory Washburn, who was governor of Massachusetts in 1854, was a distant cousin. Asa Washburn died in 1823. Washburn was educated in the academies at Hancock and Westminster, and then attended Yale College, graduating in 1844. He was a member of the Skull and Bones Society. He was employed as a store clerk from 1844 to 1847 in the business of his uncle in Orange. He established a chair factory in Erving, operating it from 1847 to 1857 and parlaying a $10,000 ($ in dollars) investment into a wood products business whose annual production exceeded $150,000 ($). In 1849, he cofounded the Franklin County Trust Company, on whose board he sat until 1858. He moved to Greenfield in 1857, where he was elected president of the Greenfield Bank (later the First National Bank), a post he would hold for the rest of his life. In 1847, Washburn married Hannah Sweetser of Athol; the couple had six children, with four surviving to adulthood. Political career Washburn won election to the Massachusetts Senate in 1850 and served two years in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1853 to 1855. His elections to the state legislature were supported by proponents of the Hoosac Tunnel. In 1862, Washburn ran for Congress as a Republican, winning election to the 38th Congress against no opposition. He was reelected four times, winning each time by wide margins. He was viewed as relatively moderate, in comparison to the mostly Radical Republican Massachusetts delegation. He served as chairman of the Committee on Claims during the 41st Congress. In 1871, Washburn ran for governor of Massachusetts. The Republican Party was then dominant in state politics, and a number of well-known politicians vied for the party nomination to replace outgoing Governor William Claflin. Most prominent was the former Congressman and American Civil War general Benjamin F. Butler, who was disliked by the fiscally conservative state Republican establishment over his support for the continued issuance of greenbacks (currency not backed by silver or gold), and who frequently used populist tactics to upset convention proceedings. Butler's opponents eventually united behind Washburn to give him the nomination, and he won the general election by a 13,000 vote margin over John Quincy Adams II and a labor candidate. He was reelected to further terms in 1872 and 1873, the former despite dissension in Republican ranks that had resulted in the splitting off of the Liberal Republican Party, who fielded Francis W. Bird. The 1873 convention was particularly affected by the actions of Butler supporters, but Washburn prevailed and was again comfortably reelected. Washburn's three victories over Butler in these conventions marked a low point in the latter's career. The major event of 1872 during Washburn's tenure as governor was the Great Boston Fire of 1872, which destroyed of prime commercial real estate in the city on November 9. The legislature was called into a special session to enable the provision of state assistance. Measures it passed included a bill simplifying the establishment of insurance companies, since several were bankrupted by the blaze, and a bill authorizing the city to issue bonds to speed the rebuilding effort. 1873 brought a new round of state funding in the amount of $200,000 to fund the final completion of the Hoosac Tunnel, a tightening of the state's alcohol prohibition laws, and the establishments of a new prison in Concord (now MCI Concord) and a mental hospital in Salem. In 1874, Washburn signed legislation establishing a women's reformatory. Although Washburn was a supporter of women's suffrage, the matter was not seriously considered by the legislature during his term. He also supported legislation reforming the state's child labor and education laws, which were widely flouted. He opposed enactment of a labor bill limiting work to ten hours per day, a subject of regular labor agitation during his tenure. When United States Senator Charles Sumner died in March 1874, the state senate, which then chose the state's US senators, met to choose his replacement. After a long and contentious debate involving thirty-three ballots, Washburn was chosen to succeed Sumner as a compromise candidate acceptable to supporters of Henry L. Dawes and George F. Hoar. Washburn then resigned the governorship, leaving Lieutenant Governor Thomas Talbot as acting governor. Washburn served from April 17, 1874, until the term ended on March 3, 1875, and refused to run for reelection. Other activities Not long after leaving the governorship, Washburn was appointed to a state commission established to investigate the finances and operations of the Hoosac Tunnel, whose construction, originally estimated at $2 million ($), had instead cost over $14 million ($) and the financing and involvement of the state to complete. This commission filed its report with the legislature in 1875. Washburn served at various times as a trustee of Yale, the Massachusetts Agricultural College (now UMass Amherst), Amherst College, and Smith College, whose Washburn House he funded. Harvard University conferred a law degree upon him in 1872. He was a member of a number of missionary societies, which were major beneficiaries of his estate. He was a benefactor of the Greenfield Public Library, funding the construction of its first building and endowing it with funds. Washburn died in Springfield, Massachusetts, on October 5, 1887, while attending a session of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM), of which he was a member. He was buried in Green River Cemetery in Greenfield. Notes References (five volume history of Massachusetts until the early 20th century) 1820 births 1887 deaths People from Winchendon, Massachusetts American people of English descent Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts Republican Party United States senators from Massachusetts Republican Party governors of Massachusetts Republican Party Massachusetts state senators Republican Party members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives 19th-century American politicians People from Greenfield, Massachusetts Businesspeople from Massachusetts American chief executives of manufacturing companies Yale College alumni People of Massachusetts in the American Civil War 19th-century American businesspeople Members of Skull and Bones
Cheshmeh Sefid-e Sofla (, also Romanized as Cheshmeh Sefīd-e Soflá; also known as Cheshmeh Sefīd and Kānī Chamrow-e Tofangī) is a village in Gurani Rural District, Gahvareh District, Dalahu County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 69, in 19 families. References Populated places in Dalahu County
Notamblyscirtes is a genus of grass skippers in the butterfly family Hesperiidae. There is one described species in Notamblyscirtes, N. simius. References Further reading Hesperiinae Articles created by Qbugbot
Mona Island Light, also known as Faro de la Isla de la Mona, is a historic lighthouse located on the island of Mona, Puerto Rico, in the Mona Passage between Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. It is the only lighthouse built of iron and steel in Puerto Rico. While some sources reported that the structure was designed by Gustav Eiffel, who also designed the Eiffel Tower in Paris, recent studies have shown that the tower was designed around 1885 by Spanish engineer Rafael Ravena. It is the first of two lighthouses built by the U.S. government in Puerto Rico. It was first lit in 1900 and automated in 1973. In 1976, the light was deactivated and replaced by a modern beacon. The structure has deteriorated severely since deactivation. The lighthouse is listed in "Frommer's 500 Places to See Before They Disappear" and Lighthouse Digest magazine described the condition of the lighthouse as dire: "This lighthouse has to be among the most endangered in the U.S. – along with being one of the most isolated – rusting away in the tropical heat and humidity." History Two sets of plans were drawn up between 1885 and 1886 by Spanish engineer Rafael Ravena, working for the Spanish government, for a lighthouse on the eastern side of Mona Island to help mark Mona Passage, which runs between Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. One set of plans called for a massive masonry structure with twenty five rooms for three keepers, families and supplies and a light with a range of 22 miles. However this was not the design that was finally used, probably due to the very porous and brittle sandstone conditions of Mona Island. The second set of plans called for an iron tower with a separate living quarters for one keeper and his family. This plan was approved in 1887, and work on the station started in the early 1890s. The lighthouse's materials were fabricated in France by Duclos & Cie. The U.S. government continued its construction after the Spanish–American War in 1898. Railway The long narrow-gauge Mona Island Tramway had a gauge of . Its 231 ft long incline ran from the beach to a cave. Goods were carried through the cave, and then hauled by a stubborn donkey on a canopy-covered wagon along a 6000 ft long track to the lighthouse. U.S. National Register of Historic Places The lighthouse, as "Faro de la Isla de la Mona", was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1981. See also List of lighthouses in Puerto Rico References External links Historic American Engineering Record in Puerto Rico Historic district contributing properties in Puerto Rico Lighthouses completed in 1900 Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Puerto Rico National Register of Historic Places in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico 1900 establishments in Puerto Rico
The Federated Rubber and Allied Workers' Union of Australia was an Australian trade union which existed between 1909 and 1988. The union represented workers employed in manufacturing rubber, plastic, electrical cable, adhesive and abrasive products in Australia. History The Federated Rubber and Allied Workers' Union was formed in 1909 and achieved registration in 1911 as the Rubber Workers' Union of Australia. By 1922 the union had a national membership of 2,000. The union's name was changed in 1933 to the Federated Rubber and Allied Workers' Union of Australia. Membership rose during the following decades, reaching 5150, of which 2,750 were employed in New South Wales and 2,400 in Victoria. Female workers made up 36% of the union's membership in 1946, an unusually high proportion for an Australian union at the time. The union's membership was principally in the footwear and automotive industries, and membership decreased as these industries restructured in the late 20th century. The Federated Rubber and Allied Workers' Union amalgamated with the Federated Storemen and Packers Union in 1988 to form the National Union of Storeworkers, Packers, Rubber and Allied Workers. This body then merged with several other small unions in 1991 to form the National Union of Workers, which continues to provide representation for workers employed in the rubber industry. References External links nuw.org.au Defunct trade unions of Australia Trade unions established in 1909 Trade unions disestablished in 1988 Plastics and rubber trade unions Industrial unions Rubber industry
Henning Jensen (17 August 1949 – 4 December 2017) was a Danish football player who played professionally for German club Borussia Mönchengladbach, Spanish club Real Madrid and Dutch club Ajax Amsterdam where he won the domestic league championship in each country. He scored nine goals in 21 games for the Denmark national football team from 1972 to 1980. Biography Born in Nørresundby, Jensen started playing football for local team Nørresundby BK in the Denmark Series, the then fourth best division of Danish football. Playing as a Right sided Attacker, he made his debut for the Danish national team in May 1972, and scored a goal in the 1972 Summer Olympics qualification match against Romania. Before having ever played a Danish league game, he moved abroad in 1972 as he signed a professional contract with German club Borussia Mönchengladbach. At Mönchengladbach, he played alongside fellow Danish national team player Allan Simonsen in attack. He won the 1972–73 DFB-Pokal, 1974–75 UEFA Cup, and two Bundesliga championships in his four years at the club. After 44 goals in 125 league games, he earned a lucrative move to defending Spanish La Liga champions Real Madrid in 1976. He played three successful years at Real Madrid, winning the 1977–78 and 1978–79 La Liga championships. While in Madrid, he scored the 300th goal in the European competition for the club. He moved to the Netherlands in 1979, to play for defending Dutch Eredivisie champions Ajax Amsterdam of the coaches Cor Brom and Leo Beenhakker. He met in Amsterdam other Danish players like Frank Arnesen and Søren Lerby (and two years later also for a very short period Jesper Olsen). The routined player had to work hard for his position in the team for the first time at the age of 30 years. The midfielder had much rivalry from Frank Arnesen, Dick Schoenaker and Søren Lerby, which trio formed one of the strongest (attacking) midfields of Europe those years. Jensen started as centre forward, when central attacker Ray Clarke was sold. Thereafter he played at the wings, as wing attacker for a period. When Frank Arnesen had been injured a part of the 1979–80 season Jensen moved to the midfield, there playing his best matches for Ajax Amsterdam. In the season 1979–80 he won with Ajax the Dutch Eredivisie league championship and also the semi-finals of the European Cup tournament for champions were reached that season. He returned to Denmark in July 1981, to play for AGF Aarhus, before he moved back to Nørresundby and played his last games for Nørresundby BK. In 2006, Henning Jensen was named among the nominees for DBU's "Denmark's All-Time Best Footballer" award, alongside Preben Elkjær, Brian Laudrup, Michael Laudrup, Morten Olsen, Peter Schmeichel, Allan Simonsen and Jon Dahl Tomasson. He died after a short illness from cancer. Honours DFB-Pokal: 1972–73 UEFA Cup: 1974–75 Bundesliga: 1974–75 and 1975–76 Spanish La Liga: 1977–78 and 1978–79 Dutch Eredivisie: 1979–80 References External links 1949 births 2017 deaths Danish men's footballers Denmark men's international footballers Nørresundby FB players Borussia Mönchengladbach players Real Madrid CF players AFC Ajax players Aarhus Gymnastikforening players Danish Superliga players Bundesliga players La Liga players Eredivisie players Danish expatriate men's footballers Danish expatriate sportspeople in West Germany Expatriate men's footballers in West Germany Danish expatriate sportspeople in Spain Expatriate men's footballers in Spain Danish expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands Expatriate men's footballers in the Netherlands People from Nørresundby Men's association football forwards UEFA Cup winning players Deaths from cancer in Denmark Denmark Series players Footballers from the North Jutland Region
Choe Museon (; 1325–1395) was a medieval Korean scientist, inventor, and military commander during the late Goryeo Dynasty and early Joseon Dynasty. He is best known for enabling Korea to domestically produce gunpowder by obtaining a recipe for the Chinese commodity from a Chinese merchant, as well as inventing various gunpowder-based weapons in an attempt to repel the wokou pirates that plundered coastal regions of the Korean Peninsula. Life Choe was born into a wealthy family in Yeongcheon, Gyeongsang province; his father was an official in the administration. He qualified to be a military officer through civil service examination. The government's control of Goryeo was crumbling, and at the same time the pirates crossing the Korean Strait plundered much of the coastal regions. In the southern part of the nation, pirates even marched deep inland, causing havoc. The Goryeo government was not able to ensure security, despite the efforts of generals Yi Song Gye and Choi Yong. In his childhood, while he was at the royal palace with his father, who was working for the king, Choe saw fireworks made by Mongols and Chinese, who at the time had indirect control of Goryeo (their influence was repealed by King Gongmin). Later in life, Choe embarked on a quest to bring the recipe of gunpowder to Korea. He visited China, which was then ruled by the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty. In general, technology of that region, such as cotton growing and gunpowder manufacture, was kept secret. Choe sought to smuggle some examples of secret items, and eventually was able to obtain knowledge of the three key ingredients of gunpowder: sulfur, slack or fine coal, and potassium nitrate. However, the process to obtain niter, the mineral form of potassium nitrate, was difficult, and he did not know how to prepare gunpowder from the raw materials. After a chain of experimental failures, Choe considered abandoning the project, but heard about a wealthy Chinese merchant named Li Yuan who had great knowledge of gunpowder. Choe visited Lee while he was staying in Goryeo on business, and bribed Lee for the gunpowder recipe, in violation of Mongol and Chinese law. Korea began its first domestic production of gunpowder between the years of 1374 and 1376. Choe demonstrated the power of the new weapon in front of King U and many other court advisers; and almost every one of them were impressed by its devastating power compared to other arms which were already in existence in Korea. The government gave him great support, establishing the official laboratory and factory for gunpowder in 1377; here Choe invented various kinds of cannon and other firearms. Among his inventions were the singijeon and the hwacha, a launching device somewhat resembling the first modern multiple rocket launcher. Then he put his inventions into real battle against the Japanese at the Battle of Jinpo, in which he participated as one of the Korean commanders; the battle was easily won by Korean forces, thanks to the gunpowder. He also began to build warships to chase off the pirates. Since his inventions greatly contributed to his country, he was able to be promoted and participate in politics. However he was already old when he obtained the gunpowder recipe from the merchant, and his later days saw the change of dynasty from Goryeo to Joseon. Soon after the foundation of the new Joseon Dynasty, Choe retired from both military and political affairs, and died in 1395. After his death, King Taejo gave him the honorary title of vice-premier. He is still remembered in Korea as the perfect role model for many scientists and as a patriot. His son was Choe Haesan. Work book Hwayaksuryeonbeop (화약수련법 火藥修鍊法) Hwapobeop (화포법 火砲法) See also Military of the Goryeo Dynasty Fire Arrow Singijeon Hwacha Jang Yeongsil Korean cannon I Jangson References 1325 births 1395 deaths Mu-seon 14th-century Korean people Korean generals Korean scientists Military history of Korea People from Yeongcheon Medieval Korean scientists
Minuscule 107 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 344 (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. Description The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels on 351 parchment leaves (). The text is written in one column per page, 18-22 lines per page. The initial letters in gold. The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, the (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. It contains tables of the (tables of contents) before each Gospel, and pictures. It was written by more than one scribe. The first page of Matthew is written in gold. The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Hermann von Soden classified it to the textual family Kx. Aland placed it in Category V. According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents mixed Byzantine text in Luke 1, textual family Kx in Luke 20, in Luke 10 no profile was made. History It was examined by Wettstein, Griesbach, and Scholz. Wettsteins's and Griesbach's 107 is Gregory's minuscule 201. Scholz dated the manuscript to the 14th century. C. R. Gregory saw it in 1883. It is housed at the Bodleian Library (E. D. Clarke 6) at Oxford. See also List of New Testament minuscules Biblical manuscript Textual criticism References Further reading Greek New Testament minuscules 13th-century biblical manuscripts Bodleian Library collection
Ghettoblaster is the seventh studio album by Armand Van Helden. The vocals in I Want Your Soul were sampled from "Do You Want It Right Now" by Siedah Garrett. The album was released in a special edition 2-disc set as well as the standard edition. Some of the tracks are throwbacks to freestyle music which was popular in the 1980s. Track listing Standard Edition/Special Edition Disc 1 Go Crazy! [feat. Majida] (6:50) Touch Your Toes (Original 12-Inch) [feat. Fat Joe & BL] (5:32) I Want Your Soul (6:37) NYC Beat (6:29) Playing House [feat. Kudu] (6:01) This Ain't Hollywood [feat. Will 'Tha Wiz' Lemay] (3:50) Still In Love [feat. Karmen] (6:02) Playmate [feat. Roxy Cottontail & Lacole 'Tigga' Campbell] (4:25) Je T'Aime [feat. Nicole Roux] (7:18) To Be A Freak [feat. George Llanes] (6:41) All Night [feat. La Rocka] (4:31) A Track Called Jack (6:17) Special Edition Disc 2 Nyc Beat (MSTRKRFT Remix) I Want Your Soul (TV Rock Remix) Touch Your Toes (Stretch Armstrong 12") Nyc Beat (Detroit Mix) I Want Your Soul (Tommy Trash Remix) Touch Your Toes (Featuring Fat Joe & BL) I Want Your Soul (Wizard's Breaks Mix Featuring Mc Ivory) A Track Called Jack (Jahawi's Jackin' Off Remix) Playmate (Feat. Roxy Cottontail + Lacole 'tigga' Campbell) (Jesse Rose Remix) Nyc Beat (Emperor Machine Remix) Touch Your Toes (Serge Santiago Remix) Charts Release history References 2007 albums Armand Van Helden albums Southern Fried Records albums
Never Too Far is a studio album by American jazz singer Dianne Reeves issued in 1989 on EMI Records. The album peaked at number 1 on the US Billboard Contemporary Jazz Albums chart and No. 14 on the US Billboard Top R&B Albums chart. Overview Never Too Far was produced by George Duke. The album spent two weeks atop the Billboard Contemporary Jazz Albums chart. Never Too Far was also recorded at Ocean Way Recording and Le Gonks West in Los Angeles, California. Singles "Never Too Far" and "Come In" reached Nos. 5 and 34 on the Billboard Hot R&B Songs respectively. Track listing Chart history References 1989 albums Dianne Reeves albums Albums produced by George Duke EMI Records albums
Amansie West is one of the constituencies represented in the Parliament of Ghana. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Amansie West is located in the Amansie West district of the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Boundaries The seat is located within the Amansie West District of the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Members of Parliament Elections See also List of Ghana Parliament constituencies References Parliamentary constituencies in the Ashanti Region
"María" is a song recorded by Puerto Rican singer Ricky Martin for his third studio album, A Medio Vivir (1995). The song was written by Ian Blake, Luis Gómez Escolar, and KC Porter, while the production was handled by Porter, Tom Vickers, and Steve Berkowitz. It was released by Sony Music Mexico as the second single from the album on November 21, 1995. A Spanish language flamenco, dance, and salsa song, it is about an attractive but dangerous woman called "María". Local DJ Pablo Flores remixed the song, turning it into an up-tempo samba tune in a house bassline. The remix version became more popular than the original one. The song has received highly positive reviews from music critics, who complimented its production and catchy rhythm. The remix was ranked as one of the Greatest Latin Pop Songs of All Time by Rolling Stone, and was listed among the 11 remixes of classic Latin hits by Billboard. It is known as the song that launched the Latin and dance music crossover of the '90s. "María" was also commercially successful, becoming Martin's breakthrough song and his first international hit. It topped the charts in 20 countries and has sold over five million physical copies worldwide, earning the Guinness World Record for the biggest Latin hit. It has received several certifications, including diamond in France. The first accompanying music videos for the original song and Pablo Flores remix were filmed in La Boca, and aired in 1995. A re-made version of the video for the remix was filmed in Paris and directed by Memo del Bosque. It aired in 1998 and depicts Martin walking around the city and dancing in the streets. To promote the song, Martin performed it on several television programs and award shows, including both the Grammy Awards and the Brit Awards in 2000. Multiple contestants on various music talent shows have covered the song, including Carlito Olivero. Background and development In the beginning of Ricky Martin's career as a solo artist, Latin pop music was mainly made up of romantic ballads. When he was in Mexico, he discovered that Mexicans are very proud of their traditional music genre, Mariachi, and so he told his composer Draco Rosa: "We have to be proud of who we are. They have their thing in Mexico. Let's go with what we have in Puerto Rico." Therefore, he allowed himself "to go into a very Latin, African sound" on "María" and they created a mix of different Latin music genres. He wrote about the recording in Me, his official autobiography: Although Martin was satisfied with the track and he describes it as a song that he is "extremely proud of", the first time he played it for a record label executive, the man said: "Are you crazy? You have ruined your career! I can't believe you are showing me this. You're finished — this is going to be your last album." In an interview with Rolling Stone, he told the magazine that "everybody got scared. They said, 'What are you doing? This is the end of your career. [...] You do ballads, and now you're doing Latin sounds. The album is not going to work.'" As Martin wrote about it in Me, he remembers that it "felt completely surreal", couldn't believe what he was hearing, and he was "devastated". Even though he really "loved" the song, hearing those words from "a high-ranking label executive" made him doubt himself and the work he had done. He thought with himself: "This guy is not even a musician, so I'm sure he didn't have the slightest clue about what it takes to lock yourself up in a studio and make music, everything you go through, emotionally speaking." Since making music is "a very personal process" for Martin, he felt the executive was attacking him at one of his "most vulnerable moments", and so he "took everything he said very personally". Martin even imagined his career was over and he "would never again be able to make a record or perform live on a stage". But despite this fear, he remained silent and did not say anything to the executive or anyone else. He experienced a few days of anxiety, but after that, the boss of the executive selected the song to be released as a single. Music and lyrics Musically, "María" is a Spanish-language flamenco, dance, and salsa song, featuring elements of mariachi, samba, cumbia, Latin, African, Caribbean, and Latin pop. It was written by Ian Blake, Luis Gómez Escolar, and KC Porter, while the production was handled by Porter, Tom Vickers, and Steve Berkowitz. Also, American musician Draco Rosa joined the original version's lyricists to write the Spanglish radio edit version, which was remixed by Puerto Rican DJ Pablo Flores. On the remix, Flores upped the tempo and the sex appeal of the song, turning the slow-burn flamenco laced track into an up-tempo samba tune in a house bassline. Suzy Exposito from Rolling Stone described it as "an electrifying, techno-samba ode to a difficult woman". According to the original song's sheet music on Musicnotes.com, "María" is composed in the key of G minor with a groove of 120 beats per minute. Martin's vocals span from the low note of D4 to the high note of G5. The album version track runs for a total of 4 minutes and 22 seconds, while the Spanglish radio edit one runs for a total of 4 minutes and 31 seconds. Lyrically, the song is about an attractive but dangerous woman called "María". Upon release, there were rumors that the song is an ode to cocaine, with lyrics including, "Así es María / Blanca como el día / Pero es veneno si te quieres enamorar / Así es María / Tan caliente y fría / Que si te la bebes de seguro te va a matar" (This is Maria / White like the day / But it is poison, if you fall in love / This is Maria / So hot and cold / That if you drink it, it will surely kill you). During an interview with El Tiempo, Martin strongly denied the rumor and got angry about it: "I will never exalt drugs. María is a song that talks about Latina women and how addictive they can be, but does not mention or allude to drugs." He continued: "Latin women are capable of bringing any man who is seduced by her to their knees, but that has nothing to do with drugs and any comment made in that sense is, at least, malicious." Release and promotion Sony Music Mexico released "María" on CD on November 21, 1995, as the second single from Martin's third studio album, A Medio Vivir. It was included as the third track on the album, released September 12, 1995. Later that year, Flores remixed the song and the remix version became more popular than the original. In 1996 and 1997, a CD single, titled "(Un, Dos, Tres) Maria", which includes both album version and Pablo Flores remix, was released in several European countries such as France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Also in 1996, an extended play, titled Maria (Remixes), containing six remixes of the song was released in the United States. In 1998, Sony Music Asia released a promo CD containing three versions of "María", and "The Cup of Life". Additionally, in the same year, Epic Records released "María" as a commercial CD single in Japan on March 25. The song was also used as a musical backdrop for a television advertisement campaign for Japanese vehicle manufacture Suzuki in the same month. In Australia, "María" was released as a double A-side single with "The Cup of Life" on June 1, 1998. "María (Pablo Flores Spanglish Radio Edit)" was included as the 14th track on Martin's fifth studio album Ricky Martin, released May 11, 1999. Critical reception "María" has been met with widely positive reviews from music critics. Larry Flick from Billboard labeled the song "[a] rousing tribal anthem", and praised it for working "extremely well within the confines of a house bassline, which is iced, contrasting with the original cut's flashy horns and rave-ish synths". He described its chants as "infectious" and said that they "add fleshy fun to the spree of wriggling percussion". Also from Billboard, Lucas Villa stated: "This is the Wepa! that launched the Latin and dance music crossover of the '90s." Suzy Exposito from Rolling Stone noted that although Martin's American fans may remember him since his English-language crossover, "he had the rest of the world swooning upon the 1995 release of 'María'". In another article, she named it a "megahit", the same as a writer of ¡Hola!. Luca Mastinu from Optimagazine ranked it as one of Martin's five greatest hits and wrote: "Un, dos, tres, un pasito pa'lante Maria is the verse that we have all sung at least once in our life." At Zeleb, an author labeled the track "a great song with capital letters" and stated: "If to a hit like this, we add a Latin hottie such as [...] Martin, with half hair and hips with impossible movements, it was clear that the world was going to dance that of 'Un pasito p'alante, María'." Cristian Grosso from La Nación described "María" as catchy. Toby Rose from Evening Standard wrote that it is "the summer holiday smash hit, the one that every bar and Eurodisco from Mykonos to Tenerife plays non-stop - the one that, however much you try you cannot stop yourself from humming". An author of Music & Media called the song an "excellent flamenco flavoured pop tune" and credited it as "a large step towards attaining the same status" as what Martin had in Latin America "in other parts of the world". Christophe Sabot, program director of French nationwide CHR network NRJ said that "Latin music is bound to enjoy a great future" and that he believes in "the rise of Latin music in Europe". Music Week rated the song four out of five, viewing it as a "lively Latinpop stomper". The reviewer added, "Can the UK resist its racy rhythms? Probably not." Los 40's Alejandro Gomez Lizarraga described it as "a very danceable song that does not fail at any party worth its salt". Also from Los 40, Laura Coca labeled it "[a] legend", questioning, "who has not given everything with each and every one of its verses?", and Ramon Redondo named it "one of the songs of the summer". He also celebrated its "highly catchy rhythm and lyrics". Olivier Pérou from Le Point stated that with "María", Martin "with the face of an angel has even become an object of international fantasy" and "some have even learned, thanks to him, to count to three in Spanish". Writing for O, The Oprah Magazine, Amanda Mitchell ranked the track as Martin's tenth best song on her 2019 list and complimented it as "undeniably catchy". Also in 2020, MTV Argentina ranked it as one of Martin's best songs. In 2022, Noelia Bertol from Cadena Dial listed oy among the "10 Ricky Martin songs that brighten up summers", labeling it "the jewel in the crown". Accolades In 2018, Cadena Dial hailed the song as the most famous song of the last 24 years. In the same year, Rolling Stone ranked "María (Pablo Flores Remix)" as the 27th Greatest Latin Pop Song of All Time, and in 2020, Billboard placed it on an unranked list of 11 remixes of classic Latin hits. Also, according to ABC, "María" was voted the favorite song of the summer of all time in Spain, based on a study in 2011. Amazon Music ranked the track as the 31st best-ever Latin hit. It was recognized as one of the best-performing songs of the year at the 1997 BMI Latin Awards. Commercial performance "María" became Martin's breakthrough song and his first international hit. It topped the charts in 20 countries, and has sold over five million physical copies worldwide. As a result, the song was featured in the 1999 edition of The Guinness Book of Records as the biggest Latin hit. It was also the Song of the Summer in Spain in 1996 and was the second best-selling single in the world that year. In Australia, "María" spent six weeks at number one. It topped the country's year-end chart in 1998, and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), denoting shipments of over 70,000 copies in the region. The song topped the Ultratop Wallonia chart of Belgium for 10 consecutive weeks and was certified double platinum by the Belgian Entertainment Association (BEA), denoting sales of over 100,000 copies in the country. "María" spent nine weeks at number one in France, where it became Martin's first number-one hit, and was certified diamond by the Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique (SNEP), denoting shipments of over 750,000 copies in the country. As of 2014, the song has sold over 1.4 million copies in France. The track also peaked at number three in Germany, where it was certified gold by Bundesverband Musikindustrie (BVMI), denoting shipments of over 250,000 copies in the country. In Israel, it became the second Spanish language song in history to reach number one, following "Macarena" (1993). In the United Kingdom, "(Un, Dos, Tres) María" debuted at number six, giving Martin his first top 10 hit in the region. Additionally, "María" peaked at number one in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Hungary, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela, as well as the top 10 in Austria, Denmark, Finland, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, and Switzerland. The song was also a big hit in Croatia, Greece, and Turkey. In the United States, "María" debuted at number 22 on Billboards Hot Latin Tracks chart on December 9, 1995, becoming Martin's ninth entry on the chart. It subsequently peaked at number six on the chart on February 3, 1996, giving Martin his fifth top 10 hit. The song also reached numbers two and eight on the US Latin Pop Songs and Tropical/Salsa charts, respectively. On the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, "María" debuted at number 90 on the chart issue dated July 20, 1996, becoming Martin's first entry. It later peaked at number 88 in its twelfth week on the Hot 100. The track also reached number 33 on the US Rhythmic Top 40 chart on September 28, 1996. On the US Hot Dance Maxi-Singles Sales chart, the song originally peaked at number 34 on July 27, 1996, but almost one year and a half later, it re-entered the chart and reached a new peak of 28 on the chart issue dated February 21, 1998. Music videos The first accompanying music videos for the original song and Pablo Flores remix were filmed in La Boca, a barrio of Buenos Aires, Argentina. They were aired in 1995, and throughout them, Martin is seen with straight hair, blonde highlights, and a wide white shirt. He dances happily with the background of the tenements with colorful roofs and several neighbors as extras. Following "(Un, Dos, Tres) María"s success in France, a re-made version of the video for the Pablo Flores remix was filmed in Paris and directed by Memo del Bosque. It was aired in 1998, and shows Martin walking around Paris, from Montmartre to the Champs-Élysées. It depicts Martin counting on his fingers, which is similar to the lyrics of the song, "Un, dos, tres" (One, two, three). The visual also shows Martin swaying to salsa tunes and making most of the women he meets in the streets crack. In a scene, he throws himself on the hood of a car, firmly determined to seduce the driver. The "grainy" music video continues with Martin's dance steps. The last video is available on the singer's YouTube channel and has received over 175 million views, as of August 2021. Cristal Mesa from mitú named the visual Martin's 24th best music video on her 2018 list, and an author of Cultura Colectiva listed it among the "13 Videos to Appreciate Ricky Martin's Talent and Sickening Good Looks". Live performances In an interview with Billboard in 1998, Martin told the magazine: "'Maria' is a song I am going to be singing for the rest of my life." The song was included on the set lists for Martin's the A Medio Vivir Tour, the Vuelve World Tour, the Livin' la Vida Loca Tour, the One Night Only with Ricky Martin tour, the Black and White Tour, the Música + Alma + Sexo World Tour, the Ricky Martin Live tour, the Live in Mexico tour, the One World Tour, the All In residency, the Ricky Martin en Concierto, the Movimiento Tour, and the Enrique Iglesias and Ricky Martin Live in Concert tour. Martin also performed the track along with his other hits during the 37th, 48th, 55th, and 61st editions of the Viña del Mar International Song Festival in 1996, 2007, 2014, and 2020, respectively. He performed a medley of "Te Extraño, Te Olvido, Te Amo" and "María" at the 1996 Premios ERES. The following year, he gave another performance of "María" in the ceremony, this time along with "Bombón de Azúcar". Martin delivered a performance of "(Un, Dos, Tres) María" on the BBC's Top of the Pops on September 19, 1997. He also performed "María" and "Te Extraño, Te Olvido, Te Amo" at the 47th edition of the Miss World pageant on November 22, 1997, and "María" and "La Copa de la Vida" on Hey Hey It's Saturday on June 4, 1998. Additionally, he performed "María" in a ring of fire at the 42nd Annual Grammy Awards on February 23, 2000, and later that year, he performed it along with "Livin' la Vida Loca" and "The Cup of Life" at the 20th Annual Brit Awards on March 3. Cover versions and appearances in media "María" has been covered by several contestants on various music talent shows. Robert Kudelski delivered a performance of the track on the sixth season of Jak oni śpiewają in 2009. Paola Miranda and Federico Moore performed it together on the third season of the Argentine television series Cantando por un Sueño in 2011. Former Menudo member Carlito Olivero performed a medley of "La Copa de la Vida" and "María" on season three of The X Factor in 2013. "María" has been used multiple times in Argentine dance competition television series Bailando por un Sueño; Evangelina Anderson y Julián Carvajal danced to it on the 2008 season, Cinthia Fernández and Gabriel Usandivaras on the 2011 season, and María Sol Pérez and Fernando Bertona on the 2017 season. In 2015, Junior New System performed a multi-track dance using a medley composed of "We Will Rock You" by Queen, "This Is How We Do It" by Montell Jordan, "María", "Let's Get Loud" by Jennifer Lopez, and "Crazy in Love" by Beyoncé on the first season of Asia's Got Talent. Darren Kennedy and Karen Byrne danced to "María" on series three of the Irish television series Dancing with the Stars in 2019. During the show, Kennedy talked about his struggles as a shy adolescent and how Martin helped him find his identity. In the same year, John Kelly and Annette Dytrt danced to the track on the fourth season of Dancing on Ice. In 2022, Colombian singer Karol G performed "María" at the 21st Coachella Festival as part of a homage to "all the Latin songs that went number one in the world and were never played" in the festival but gave her the "opportunity" to be there. "María" was the main theme of the Brazilian telenovela Salsa e Merengue (1996-1997). The song is available as downloadable content for the dance video game Just Dance 2014. "María (Pablo Flores Spanglish Radio Edit)" was featured in the American computer-animated comedy film Despicable Me 3 (2017). Formats and track listings Australian CD 1 "The Cup of Life" – 4:28 "The Cup of Life" (Remix – Radio Edit) – 4:37 "La Copa de la Vida" (Remix – Spanglish Radio Edit) – 4:37 "La Copa de la Vida" – 4:28 "María" (Jason Nevins Remix) – 3:45 Australian CD 2 "María" (Radio Edit) – 4:31 "La Copa de la Vida/The Cup of Life" (Spanglish Radio Edit) – 4:37 "María" (Album Version) – 4:23 "María" (Perc A Pella Mix) – 5:07 "La Copa de la Vida" (Spanish) – 4:37 Brazilian promotional CD single "María" (Versão Salsa & Merengue) – 4:36 "María" (Portuguese Version) – 4:21 European CD maxi-single "María" (Spanglish Radio Edit) – 3:58 "María" (Spanish Radio Edit) – 4:38 "María" (Spanglish Extended) – 7:56 "María" (Spanish Extended) – 8:10 "María" (Spanglish Dub) – 6:07 "María" (Perc A Pella Mix) – 5:07 French CD "María" (Spanish Radio Edit) – 4:38 "María" (Version Album) – 4:23 Japanese CD maxi-single "María" (Spanglish Radio Edit) – 4:31 "María" (Original Album Version) – 4:21 "María" (Perc A Pella Mix) – 5:08 "María" (Spanglish Dub) – 6:07 Mexican promotional CD single "María" – 4:23 Spanish CD maxi-single "María" (Club Mix) – 8:10 "María" (Dub Mix) – 6:05 "María" (Spanglish Radio Edit) – 4:31 "María" (Spanglish Extended) – 7:56 "Dónde Estarás" (Version Remix) – 4:51 "Bombón de Azúcar" (M+M Classic Club Mix) – 6:14 "Bombón de Azúcar" (The Disco Dream Dub) – 5:20 UK CD "María" (Spanglish Radio Edit) – 4:30 "María" (Spanish Radio Edit) – 4:38 "Dónde Estarás" (Pablo and Javier's Moon Mix) – 9:18 "Volverás" (Album Version) – 4:53 UK CD 12-inch single "María" (Spanglish Extended) – 7:56 "María" (Spanish Extended) – 8:10 "María" (12" Club Mix) – 5:50 "María" (Spanglish Dub) – 6:07 "María" (Perc A Pella Mix) – 5:07 US CD 12-inch single "María" (Spanglish Extended) – 7:56 "María" (Spanish Extended) – 8:10 US CD maxi-single "María" (Spanglish Radio Edit) – 4:31 "María" (Spanish Radio Edit) – 4:38 "María" (Spanglish Extended) – 7:56 "María" (Spanish Extended) – 8:10 "María" (Spanglish Dub) – 6:07 "María" (Perc A Pella Mix) – 5:07 Credits and personnel Original version Credits adapted from Tidal. Ricky Martin vocal, associated performer Ian Blake composer, lyricist, arranger, associated performer, co-producer, drums, engineer, keyboards Luis Gómez Escolar composer, lyricist K.C. Porter composer, lyricist, producer, arranger, associated performer, director, drums, engineer, keyboards, piano Tom Vickers producer Steve Berkowitz producer Frank Marocco accordion Tim Pierce acoustic guitar Michael Thompson acoustic guitar, guitar Jeremy Lubbock arranger, director Suzi Katayama arranger Leslie Ann Jones assistant engineer June Murakawa assistant engineer Chris Vela assistant engineer Diego De Pietri assistant engineer Eddie Miller assistant engineer Sebastian Krys assistant engineer Mike Aarvold assistant engineer, mixing engineer Willie Wheaton associated performer Ricky Nelson associated performer Jessica Williams associated performer Alex Brown associated performer Della Miles associated performer Terry Steele associated performer Tony Warren associated performer Bridgette Bryant associated performer Maxayn Lewis associated performer Terry Bradford associated performer Gustavo Laureano associated performer Mona Lisa Young associated performer Maxi Anderson associated performer Anita Sherman associated performer Jackie Gouche Farris associated performer Philip Ingram associated performer Stella Payton associated performer Sue-Ann Carwell associated performer Néil Stubenhaus bass Lee Sklar bass Mike Baird drums Dennie Fongheiser drums Ralf Stemmann drums, engineer, keyboards, piano Vinnie Colaiuta drums Don Hahn engineer John Lengel engineer Michael Landau guitar Jussi Wenger guitar Robbie Buchanan keyboards, piano Randy Waldman keyboards, piano Claude Gaudette keyboards, piano Brian Gardner mastering engineer Joe Palmaccio mastering engineer Kathy Yore mixing engineer Benny Faccone mixing engineer, recording engineer Luis Enrique percussion Luis Conte percussion Sam Riney saxophone Pablo Flores Spanglish Radio Edit Credits adapted from Tidal. Ricky Martin vocal, associated performer KC Porter composer, lyricist, producer, arranger Robi Rosa composer, lyricist, co-producer Luis Gómez Escolar composer, lyricist Pablo Flores producer, re-mixer Javier Garza producer, re-mixer Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications Release history See also List of best-selling singles in France List of number-one singles in Australia during the 1990s List of number-one singles of 1997 (France) List of UK top-ten singles in 1997 Ultratop 40 number-one hits of 1997 References 1995 singles 1995 songs Columbia Records singles Number-one singles in Australia Number-one singles in Brazil Number-one singles in Israel Number-one singles in Hungary Number-one singles in Spain Ricky Martin songs SNEP Top Singles number-one singles Spanglish songs Spanish-language songs Song recordings produced by K. C. Porter Songs written by Draco Rosa Songs written by K. C. Porter Songs written by Luis Gómez Escolar Sony Discos singles Ultratop 50 Singles (Wallonia) number-one singles
Garry Eldridge Brown (August 12, 1923 – August 27, 1998) was a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan. He served six terms in the United States House of Representatives from 1967 to 1979. Biography Brown was born in Schoolcraft, Michigan to a family with a political background in Michigan. His great-grandfather, Ebenezer Lakin Brown, and his grandfather, Addison Makepeace Brown, both served in the Michigan State Legislature. During World War II, Brown served in the Twenty-fourth Infantry Regiment of the United States Army as second lieutenant in Japan. After the war, he worked for the FBI, under Hoover, before earning a B.A. from Kalamazoo College in 1951 and a LL.B from The George Washington University Law School in 1954. He was admitted to the bar in 1954 and commenced practice in Kalamazoo. He was commissioner of the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan from 1957 to 1962 and was a delegate to the Michigan constitutional convention of 1961-1962. Political career He served two terms in the Michigan State Senate from 1963 to 1966, where he was minority floor leader and chairman of the Republican senate policy committee. He represented the 6th district from 1963 to 1964 and the 21st district from 1965 to 1966. In 1966, Brown defeated incumbent Democrat Paul H. Todd, Jr., one of the "Five Fluke Freshmen", to be elected as a Republican to the U.S. House of Representatives from Michigan's 3rd congressional district for the Ninetieth and to the five succeeding Congresses, serving from January 3, 1967 to January 3, 1979. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1978, losing to Democrat Howard E. Wolpe. Personal life He resumed the practice of law and was a resident of Washington, D.C. until his death. Garry Brown had four daughters, Frances, Mollie, Amelia, and Abigail. His family owned and operated a dairy farm while he was growing up in Schoolcraft, Michigan. They were one of the first to settle there, and his family still owns the original property that the Browns settled on in the 1830s. He died in 1998 and is interred in Schoolcraft, Michigan. References 1923 births 1998 deaths Republican Party Michigan state senators Delegates to the 1961–1962 Michigan Constitutional Convention United States Army officers George Washington University Law School alumni Kalamazoo College alumni United States Army personnel of World War II People from Kalamazoo County, Michigan Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Michigan 20th-century American politicians
Hellenic Army is commanded by the Hellenic Army General Staff which supervises five major commands. These are: First Army First Army (1η Στρατια), headquartered at Larisa, Thessaly which includes 1st Armored Cavalry Battalion 730th Engineer Battalion 476th Signal Battalion 485th Signal Battalion 488th Signal Battalion 489th Signal Battalion First Army Air Defense Artillery Command 181st Medium Range Air Defense Battalion 182nd Short Range Air Defense Battalion I Infantry Division(I ΜΠ), based at Veroia, Macedonia 1st Raider/Paratrooper Brigade 32nd Marines Brigade 71st Airmobile Infantry Brigade 1st Army Aviation Brigade II Mechanised Infantry Division (II Μ/Κ ΜΠ), based at Edessa, Macedonia 24th Armored Brigade 33rd Mechanized Infantry Brigade 34th Mechanized Infantry Brigade IV Army Corps IV Army Corps (Δ' Σώμα Στρατού), headquartered at Xanthi, Thrace comprising the following units: Corps HQ Battalion 971st Military Police Battalion 1st Communications, EW, Surveillance Regiment 473rd Surveillance Battalion 476th EW Battalion 479th Signal Battalion Corps Engineer Command Corps Field and Air Defense Artillery Command 1st Artillery Regiment-MLRS 1st AR Headquarters Company 36th Signal Company 193rd Multiple Rocket Launcher Battalion 194th Multiple Rocket Launcher Battalion Observation Battery 171st Short Range Air Defense Battalion 173rd Short Range Air Defense Battalion 174th Short Range Air Defense Battalion 199th Self Propelled Heavy Artillery Battalion XII Mechanized Infantry Division (XII Μ/Κ ΜΠ), based at Alexandroupoli, Thrace XVI Mechanized Infantry Division (XVI Μ/Κ ΜΠ), based at Didymoteicho, Thrace 20th Armored Division (XX ΤΘΜ), based at Kavala, Macedonia 50th Mechanized Infantry Brigade "Apsos" 29th Mechanized Brigade "Pogradets" III Army Corps III Army Corps (Γ' Σώμα Στρατού) doubles as a NATO Deployable Corps: III Army Corps, based at Thessaloniki, Macedonia 1st Infantry Regiment 8th Infantry Brigade 9th Infantry Brigade 10th Mechanized Infantry Brigade 15th Infantry Brigade 3rd Signals Brigade ASDEN Supreme Military Command of Interior and Islands (ΑΣΔΕΝ), based at Athens, Attica 5th Airmobile Brigade (5η Α/Μ ΤΑΞ), based at Chania, Crete 79th National Guard Higher Command (79 ΑΔΤΕ), based at Samos 80th National Guard Higher Command (80 ΑΔΤΕ), based at Kos, Dodecanese 88th Military Command (88 ΣΔΙ), based at Myrina, Lemnos 95th National Guard Higher Command (95 ΑΔΤΕ), based at Rhodes, Dodecanese 96th National Guard Higher Command (96 ΑΔΤΕ), based at Chios 98th National Guard Higher Command (98 ΑΔΤΕ), based at Lesbos Supreme Military Support Command Supreme Military Support Command (ΑΣΔΥΣ), based at Athens, Attica that includes Supply Center Southern Greece, (ΚΕΦΝΕ), based at Athens, Attica Supply Center Northern Greece, (ΚΕΦΒΕ), based at Thessaloniki, Macedonia 4th Support Brigade (4η ΤΑΞΥΠ), based at Xanthi, Thrace 651 Army Material Depot (651 ΑΒΥΠ), based at Agios Stefanos, Attica Military Factories Command (ΔΙΣΕ), based at Athens, Attica divided in 301st Base Factory (301 ΕΒ), based at Agioi Anargyroi, Attica 303rd Base Factory (303 ΠΕΒ), based at Larissa, Thessaly 304rd Base Factory (304 ΠΕΒ), based at Velestino, Thessaly 308rd Base Factory (308 ΠΕΒ), based at Thessaloniki, Macedonia Doctrine, Training and Inspection Command (ΔΙΔΟΕ), based at Athens, Attica See also Hellenic Army References Military units and formations of the Hellenic Army
The Gor Sungu Commission was a Kenya Parliamentary Select Committee investigating circumstances leading to the death of the late Dr. Robert Ouko. Committee setup Between April 2003 and March 2005 Gor Sunguh was the chairman of the 'Parliamentary Select Committee Investigating Circumstances Leading to the Death of the Late Dr. Robert Ouko, EGH, MP' tasked with investigating the death of former Kenyan Foreign Affairs Minister, Dr Robert Ouko, in February 1990 . Hearings The Committee heard allegations of a dispute going back to the 1988 General Election (PSCI para 249) over opposition to the revival of the Kisumu Molasses Plant in Dr Ouko’s constituency. There were also allegations that ‘senior public figures’ demanded ‘kickbacks’ over the revival of the Kisumu Molasses Plant (PSCI para 250). The Committee also ‘received evidence’ that there had been row between a Nicholas Biwott (Minister of Energy at the time of Ouko’s murder) and Dr Ouko over a meeting with President George Bush Snr during an overseas visit to in late January and early February 1990 when a delegation of 84 ministers and officials led by Kenya’s President Daniel arap Moi, had attended a private ‘Prayer Breakfast’ in Washington D.C. (PSCI paras 251 and 252). According to the ‘Washington trip’ theory Dr Ouko had met with President Bush Snr, US Secretary of State James Baker, President Moi, Nicholas Biwott and others, at which the US President had allegedly urged Moi to hand over the Kenyan presidency to Dr Ouko who ‘could resuscitate Kenya from its diminished international standing due to corruption and human rights abuse’. (PSCI para 252) The Sunguh Committee’s ‘Washington trip’ theory also stated that the government of the United Kingdom had urged President Moi to ensure Dr Ouko’s election in Kenya’s 1988 General Elections ‘being one believed capable of succeeding him’. (PSCI para 252 (ii)) The ‘misconstrued perception’ that Dr Ouko was ‘seeking foreign support to accede to the presidency’ was, according to the Sunguh Committee, ‘sufficiently supported as a motive to cause his death’. (PSCI para 252 (iii)) As a result of ‘the differences between Dr. R.J, Ouko and Hon. K.N.K. Biwott’ (PSCI para 251 (ii)) the Committee suggested, Dr Ouko had flown back to Kenya on a separate flight from President Moi, his passport had been seized at Nairobi airport, his official car was withdrawn, his bodyguard recalled and he had been ‘sacked’ by President Moi who directed him ‘to rest at his Koru farm’. (PSCI para 253 (iii)) Sunguh’s Committee concluded that Dr Ouko had disappeared from his farm ‘in the early hours of 13 February, [1990], abducted and taken to State House, Nakuru, 'where he was killed allegedly 'in the presence of among others, Hon. K.N.K. Biwott'. (PSCI para 253 (iv) In all Sunguh’s Committee named recommended that the Kenyan government should investigate the role of over 40 people for their possible involvement in the murder of Dr Robert Ouko. Sunguh’s Committee however, ‘faced various challenges to its work’ and it operations were ‘dogged by controversy’ (Lest We Forget: The Faces of Impunity in Kenya’. (Kenya Human Rights Commission Report, 2011, page 35) Membership Six members of the Select Committee, Paul Muite, Mirugi Kariuki, Dr Abdulahi Ali, Njoki Susanna Ndung'u and Otieno Kajwang – resigned during its hearings. Four others left to take up other appointments. New members were appointed to the Committee. Of the 10 members of the Committee in post at the end, four did not sign the Committee's report. (KHRC report, page 36) Gor Sunguh Gor Sunguh is a politician and former member of Parliament in Kenya as representative of the Kisumu Town East Constituency (1997-2002). Between April 2003 and March 2005 Sunguh was the chairman of the 'Parliamentary Select Committee Investigating Circumstances Leading to the Death of the Late Dr. Robert Ouko, EGH, MP'. Report The Select Committee's report was signed by Gor Sunguh on 15 March 2005, just over 15 years after the minister's murder. The Parliamentary Select Committee's 'Recommendations and Conclusions' (PSCI paras 249–258) suggested several possible factors leading to the murder of Dr Robert Ouko. The parliamentary Select Committee’s Report was re-introduced to Kenya’s parliament on 8 December 2010 and debated on 15 December. It was rejected on 22 December, ‘with members of Parliament accusing the committee of doing shoddy work and using the committee’s investigations to settle political scores’. ( KHRC Report, page 36) Critical to the weakness of the Sunguh Committee's investigation and reports were two facts that had been in the public domain since 1990 and 1991. The forensic evidence and analysis submitted by Britain's Scotland Yard as set out in Detective Superintendent John Troon's 'Final Report' stated that Dr Ouko had been shot where his body was found, or a few feet from that spot (TFR para 290). And eye witness testimony gathered at the time of Ouko’s murder and set out in both Troon’s ‘Final Report’ and the ‘Further Investigations’ report from the Kenyan police released a year later, placed Dr Ouko’s day and time of death at somewhere between 3am and 1pm on 13 February 1990. (Kenya Police Further Investigations, pages 12–13 and TFR) Committee decision This evidence made it impossible for Dr Robert Ouko to have been shot at State House Nakuru and his body taken to where it was subsequently found some time between 12 and 16 February 1990, as Sunguh's Committee had concluded. References 1990 in Kenya 2005 in Kenya Judiciary of Kenya
Breton Island may refer to: Breton Island (Antarctica) Breton Island (Louisiana) in the Gulf of Mexico Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia, Canada The Breton Islands near Quadra Island, British Columbia, Canada
Gerhard Johann David von Scharnhorst (12 November 1755 – 28 June 1813) was a Hanoverian-born general in Prussian service from 1801. As the first Chief of the Prussian General Staff, he was noted for his military theories, his reforms of the Prussian army, and his leadership during the Napoleonic Wars. Scharnhorst limited the use of corporal punishments, established promotion for merit, abolished the enrollment of foreigners, began the organization of a reserve army, and organized and simplified the military administration. Biography Born at Bordenau (now a part of Neustadt am Rübenberge, Lower Saxony) near Hanover, into a minor landowning family, Scharnhorst succeeded in educating himself and in securing admission to the military academy of William, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe, at the Wilhelmstein fortress. In 1778 he received a commission into the Hanoverian service. He employed the intervals of regimental duty in further self-education and literary work. In 1783 he transferred to the artillery and received an appointment to the new artillery school in Hanover. He had already founded a military journal which, under a series of names, endured until 1805, and in 1788 he designed, and in part published, a Handbook for Officers in the Applied Sections of Military Science (Handbuch für Offiziere in den anwendbaren Teilen der Kriegswissenschaften). He also published in 1792 his Military Handbook for Use in the Field (Militärisches Taschenbuch für den Gebrauch im Felde). The income he derived from his writings provided Scharnhorst's chief means of support, for he still held the rank of lieutenant, and though the farm of Bordenau produced a small sum annually, he had a wife, Clara Schmalz (a sister of Theodor Schmalz, the first director of Berlin University) and family to maintain. His first military campaign took place in 1793 in the Netherlands, in which he served with distinction under the Duke of York. In 1794 he took part in the defence of Menen and commemorated the escape of the garrison in his Defence of the Town of Menen (Verteidigung der Stadt Menin, Hanover, 1803), which, apart from his paper on "The Origins of the Good Fortune of the French in the Revolutionary War" (Die Ursachen des Glücks der Franzosen im Revolutionskrieg) remains his best-known work. Shortly thereafter he received promotion to the rank of major and joined the staff of the Hanoverian contingent. After the Peace of Basel (5 March 1795) Scharnhorst returned to Hanover. He had by now become so well known to the armies of the various allied states that he received invitations from several of them to transfer his services. This in the end led to his engaging himself to King Frederick William III of Prussia, who gave him a patent of nobility, the rank of lieutenant-colonel and more than twice the pay that he had received in Hanover (1801). The Prussian Military Academy employed him, almost as a matter of course, in important instructional work (Clausewitz was one of his students) and he founded the Berlin Military Society. In the mobilizations and precautionary measures that marked the years 1804 and 1805, and in the war of 1806 that ensued, Scharnhorst served as chief of the general staff (lieutenant-quartermaster) of the Duke of Brunswick, received a slight wound at Auerstedt (14 October 1806) and distinguished himself by his stern resolution during the retreat of the Prussian army. He attached himself to Blücher in the last stages of the disastrous campaign, went into captivity with him at the capitulation of Ratekau (7 November 1806), and, quickly exchanged, had a prominent and almost decisive part in leading L'Estocq's Prussian corps, which served with the Russians. For his services at Eylau (February 1807) he received the highest Prussian military order Pour le Mérite. It was apparent that Scharnhorst's skills exceeded those of a merely brilliant staff officer. Educated in the traditions of the Seven Years' War, he had by degrees, as his experience widened, divested his mind of antiquated forms of war, and realised that only a "national" army and a policy of fighting decisive battles could give an adequate response to the political and strategic situation brought about by the French Revolution. He was promoted to major-general a few days after the Peace of Tilsit (July 1807), and became the head of a reform commission that included the best of the younger officers, such as Gneisenau, Grolman, and Boyen. Stein himself became a member of the commission and secured Scharnhorst free access to King Frederick William III by securing his appointment as aide-de-camp-general. But Napoleon quickly became suspicious, and Frederick William repeatedly had to suspend or cancel the reforms recommended. By slow and labored steps, Scharnhorst converted the professional long-service army of Prussia, wrecked at Jena (1806), into a national army based on universal service. Universal service was not secured until his death, but he laid down the principles and prepared the way for its adoption. Enrollments of foreigners were abolished, corporal punishments were limited to flagrant cases of insubordination, promotion for merit was established, and the military administration organized and simplified. The organization of the Landwehr (army reserves) was begun. In 1809, the war between France and Austria roused premature hopes in the patriots' party, which the conqueror did not fail to note. By direct application to Napoleon, Scharnhorst evaded the decree of 26 September 1810, which required all foreigners to leave the Prussian service forthwith, but when in 1811–1812 France forced Prussia into an alliance against Russia and Prussia despatched an auxiliary army to serve under Napoleon's orders, Scharnhorst left Berlin on unlimited leave of absence. In retirement he wrote and published a work on firearms, Über die Wirkung des Feuergewehrs (1813). But the retreat from Moscow (1812) at last sounded the call to arms for the new national army of Prussia. Scharnhorst, recalled to the king's headquarters, refused a higher post but became chief of staff to Blücher, in whose vigour, energy, and influence with the young soldiers he had complete confidence. Russian Prince Wittgenstein was so impressed by Scharnhorst that he asked to borrow him temporarily as his chief of staff, and Blücher agreed. In the first battle, Lützen or Gross-Görschen (2 May 1813), Prussia suffered defeat, but a very different defeat from those Napoleon had hitherto customarily inflicted. The French suffered significant casualties and, due in part to a severe shortage of cavalry, failed to follow up, rendering it an incomplete triumph. In this battle, Scharnhorst received a wound in the foot, not in itself grave, but soon made mortal by the fatigues of the retreat to Dresden, and he succumbed to it on 28 June 1813 at Prague, where he had travelled to negotiate with Schwarzenberg and Radetzky for the armed intervention of Austria. Shortly before his death he had received promotion to the rank of lieutenant-general. Frederick William III erected a statue in his memory, by Christian Daniel Rauch, in Berlin. Scharnhorst was buried at the Invalidenfriedhof Cemetery in Berlin. Legacy Scharnhorst became the namesake for several objects, places and groups: SMS Scharnhorst, a 1906 German armored cruiser during World War I. Scharnhorst, a 1936 German battleship during World War II and lead ship of the , which also included the Gneisenau. Infantry Division Scharnhorst, a 1945 German infantry division and one of the last new Wehrmacht formations of World War II. Scharnhorst Order, highest military order of the former East German National People's Army (NVA). Scharnhorst (F 213), a 1943 British sloop, initially known as HMS Mermaid, transferred to West Germany in 1959. Many streets in German cities, including Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, and Cologne, among others. General Hans von Seeckt has been compared to Scharnhorst, mainly for his part in preparing the German Army of the Weimar Republic, which was severely limited by the Treaty of Versailles, for its eventual rearming, adapting secret doctrines, and preparing a General Staff. He has been credited with their unparalleled success in the campaigns of 1939-1940. After the rise of the Nazis in Germany, Field Marshal August von Mackensen compared von Seeckt to Scharnhorst, saying "The old fire burnt still, and the Allied Control had not destroyed any of the lasting elements of German strength." Winston Churchill also subscribed to this theory, believing von Seeckt was vital in the return of Germany to its place in the military world as rapidly as it had. See also German General Staff References Sources Attribution: External links 1755 births 1813 deaths People from Neustadt am Rübenberge German commanders of the Napoleonic Wars People from the Electorate of Hanover Lieutenant generals of Prussia Prussian politicians German untitled nobility Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class) Burials at the Invalids' Cemetery Military personnel from Lower Saxony German military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
The 2012 Hungarian Figure Skating Championships took place on 10 February 2012 at the Budapesti Gyakorló Jégpálya in Budapest. Skaters competed in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, and ice dancing on the senior, junior, and novice levels. The results were used to choose the Hungarian teams to the 2012 World Championships and the 2012 European Championships. Senior results Men Ladies Ice dancing External links results Hungarian Figure Skating Championships Hungarian Figure Skating Championships, 2012 2012 in Hungarian sport
Nizhneye () is a rural locality (a selo) in Starodubsky District, Bryansk Oblast, Russia. The population was 447 as of 2010. There are 9 streets. Geography Nizhneye is located 18 km southwest of Starodub (the district's administrative centre) by road. Istrovka is the nearest rural locality. References Rural localities in Starodubsky District Starodubsky Uyezd
Draper is a town in Sawyer County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 171 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated communities of Draper, Loretta, and Oxbo are located in the town. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 138.2 square miles (358.0 km2), of which, 136.1 square miles (352.5 km2) of it is land and 2.1 square miles (5.5 km2) of it (1.54%) is water. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 171 people, 84 households, and 50 families residing in the town. The population density was 1.3 people per square mile (0.5/km2). There were 397 housing units at an average density of 2.9 per square mile (1.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 94.74% White, 4.68% Native American, and 0.58% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.17% of the population. There were 84 households, out of which 15.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.4% were married couples living together, 3.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.3% were non-families. 34.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.02 and the average family size was 2.57. In the town, the population was spread out, with 14.6% under the age of 18, 2.3% from 18 to 24, 19.9% from 25 to 44, 38.0% from 45 to 64, and 25.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 54 years. For every 100 females, there were 128.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 121.2 males. The median income for a household in the town was $27,500, and the median income for a family was $31,875. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $25,125 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,647. About 17.0% of families and 21.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 37.5% of those under the age of eighteen and 4.9% of those 65 or over. References Towns in Sawyer County, Wisconsin Towns in Wisconsin
A pangrammatic window is a stretch of naturally occurring text that contains all the letters in the alphabet. Shortest examples The shortest known naturally occurring pangrammatic window was discovered in October 2014 through an automated processing of Google's indexed webcorpus, found in a review of the movie Magnolia written by Todd Manlow on the website PopMatters, at 36 letters: The shortest known window in a published work is found in Piers Anthony's book Cube Route, at 42 letters: Prior to that, the shortest known window in a published work was found in Lillie de Hegermann-Lindencrone's 1912 book In the Courts of Memory, at 56 letters: Probability of occurrence Generally, according to the law of probability, the shorter the work, the longer the minimal pangrammatic window (if any) will be. Some estimates can be made using the frequencies of the letters. Assuming that the incidence of each letter in a passage is independent of the incidence of the other letters, and provided m is much larger than 26, the probability that a sequence of length m will contain all 26 letters is approximately P(a)P(b)...P(y)P(z), where P(letter) = 1 − (1 − p(letter))m and p(letter) is the frequency of the letter as a fraction (e.g. 5% is 0.05). Inputting the letter frequencies for the English language, the probability that a 1,700-letter sequence will contain all 26 letters is about 50%. At 1,000, there is about a 19.5% chance, and at 2,500, there is about a 73% chance. For example, the shortest pangrammatic window in Around the World in Eighty Days, by Jules Verne, is 150 letters: The shortest pangrammatic window in the United States Declaration of Independence, a significantly shorter work, is 592 letters: See also Panalphabetic window References Pangrams
The Rho GTPase activating protein 31 is encoded in humans by the ARHGAP31 gene. It is a Cdc42/Rac1 GTPase regulator. Function ARHGAP31 encodes a GTPase-activating protein (GAP). A variety of cellular processes are regulated by Rho GTPases which cycle between an inactive form bound to GDP and an active form bound to GTP. This cycling between inactive and active forms is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors and GAPs. The encoded protein is a GAP shown to regulate two GTPases involved in protein trafficking and cell growth. Clinical relevance ARHGAP31 mutations result in a loss of available active Cdc42 and consequently disrupt actin cytoskeletal structures, causing syndromic cutis aplasia and limb anomalies. References External links Further reading Proteins
A&W Root Beer is an American brand of root beer that was founded in 1919 by Roy W. Allen and primarily available in the United States and Canada. Allen partnered with Frank Wright in 1922, creating the A&W brand and inspiring a chain of A&W Restaurants founded that year. Originally, A&W Root Beer sold for five cents (). The rights to the A&W brand (except in Canada) are owned by Keurig Dr Pepper, which in turn licenses the brand to the U.S.-based A&W Restaurant chain. A&W Root Beer products are distributed via various U.S. bottlers. A&W Food Services of Canada, which is independent of both Keurig Dr Pepper and the U.S. restaurant chain, is responsible for the restaurants and marketing of root beer products in Canada, with retail products bottled and distributed by the Coca-Cola Company. The U.S. variant is also sold as an import drink in Southeast Asia and Italy (where A&W has restaurants), as well as in Australia, Chile, and other countries. History Roy W. Allen opened a roadside root beer stand in Lodi, California in 1919, using a formula that he had purchased from a pharmacist. He soon opened stands in Stockton, as well as five stands in nearby Sacramento - where "tray boys" pioneered drive-in curbside service. In 1920 Allen partnered with Frank Wright, birthing the A&W brand name. Allen bought Wright out, obtained a trademark, and began selling restaurant franchises - creating one of the first restaurant chains in the United States. Franchise owners could use the A&W name and logo and purchased concentrated root beer syrup from Allen. There was no common menu, architecture, or set of procedures, and some chose to also sell food. By 1933 there were 170 A&W franchises. Franchises struggled with labor shortages and sugar rationing during World War II, but following the war GI loans helped, in part, the number of A&W outlets to triple. The proliferation of the automobile and the mobility it offered resulted in more than 450 A&W Root Beer stands operating by 1950. That year Allen retired and sold the business to Nebraskan Gene Hurtz, who formed the A&W Root Beer Company. The first A&W Root Beer outlet in Canada opened in 1956. By 1960 the number of A&W restaurants swelled to more than 2,000. In 1963 the company was sold to the J. Hungerford Smith Company, which had produced Allen's concentrate since 1921. That year the first overseas A&W restaurant opened its doors in Guam. In 1966 Hungerford was sold to the United Fruit Company, which merged with AMK Corporation in 1970 to form the United Brands Company. In 1971 United Brands formed a wholly owned subsidiary, A&W Distributing Co., to retail its root beer. After test runs in Arizona and California the products were distributed nationally, including sugar-free, low-sodium, and caffeine-free versions. In 1974, A&W introduced "The Great Root Bear," a mascot that served as a goodwill ambassador for the brand. In the late 1970s A&W Restaurants was formed to manage restaurant franchising. It was bought in 1982 by A. Alfred Taubman. The bear and its associated jingle became the basis of a long-running Canadian advertising campaign. The mascot was so successful that it was eventually adopted by the American A&W chain as well. In 1986 A&W Cream Soda and A&W Diet Cream Soda were introduced and distributed nationally, followed in 1987 by the reformulation of A&W Sugar-Free as Diet A&W. In October 1993 A&W Beverages was folded into Cadbury Beverages. It spun off its U.S. beverages business as Dr Pepper Snapple Group in 2008. In July 2017 A&W Canada reformulated its root beer, dropping high fructose corn syrup and some flavors from the recipe, substituting cane sugar, sarsaparilla root, licorice, birch bark and anise. A&W Canada launched the new formula by declaring Free Root Beer Day, serving free root beer at all locations on July 22, 2017. In November 2020 Diet A&W was rebranded as A&W Zero Sugar. Brands A&W Sugar-Free was introduced in 1974 and reformulated as Diet A&W in 1987. In 2020, it was rebranded with the name A&W Zero Sugar. A&W Cream Soda and A&W Diet Cream Soda were introduced in 1986. A&W Floats and Sunkist Floats were introduced in 2008. A&W TEN, a low-calorie root beer, began appearing in American supermarkets in the spring of 2013. Promotions and contests Through eBay, A&W and Jim Belushi offered a trip to Los Angeles with a VIP pass to the "A&W Ultimate All-American Cookout and Concert" at the House of Blues. In celebration of its 100th anniversary, A&W offered a free two-liter bottle of its root beer in exchange for taking the Family Fun Pledge, which asked participants to be "technology-free for one hour every Friday night this summer." The Great Root Bear The Great Root Bear, also called Rooty, became the mascot for A&W Root Beer in 1973. In a long-running television advertising campaign for the Canadian A&W chain, his theme was a tuba-driven jingle entitled "Ba-Dum, Ba-Dum". The jingle was released as a single by Attic Records in Canada. It was credited to "Major Ursus", a play on the constellation name Ursa Major, which means "great bear". The famous Canadian composer and B.C. Hall of Fame enshrinee Robert Buckley helped compose the song. In the late 1990s, the Great Root Bear's role as mascot was reduced for the restaurant chain, ultimately replaced by "The Burger Family", although it still appeared in various capacities for the restaurants and on A&W Root Beer cases in Canada. In late 2011, the new ownership of A&W began using the mascot again, particularly in A&W's online presence. A&W Restaurants Shortly after Allen bought out Wright's portion of the business he began franchising the product. His profits came from a small franchise fee and sales of concentrate. There was no standard food menu for franchises until 1978. By 1960 the company had 2,000 stores. In 1989 A&W made an agreement with Minnesota-based chain Carousel Snack Bars to convert that chain's 200 locations (mostly kiosks in shopping malls) to "A&W Hot Dogs & More". Some A&W Hot Dogs & More locations are in operation today. Many A&W locations that opened in the U.S. during the Yum! Brands ownership years (2002–2011) were co-branded with Yum!'s other chains—Long John Silver's, Taco Bell, Pizza Hut or KFC. As of December 2011 A&W was under new ownership and its world headquarters was moved back to Lexington, Kentucky. Since then, in the United States and Southeast Asia, A&W has been a franchisee-owned company. References Bibliography External links A&W's root beer site The History of Root Beer Root Beer Reviews and info Root beer Products introduced in 1919 Keurig Dr Pepper brands 1919 establishments in California
Wangxizhang Township () is a township-level division of Zhao County, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China. See also List of township-level divisions of Hebei References Township-level divisions of Hebei
Éric Pécout (born 17 February 1956) is a retired football striker from France who obtained 5 caps (one goal) for the France national team. Titles French championship in 1977, 1980 with FC Nantes, 1982 with AS Monaco Coupe de France in 1979 with FC Nantes (where he scored a record of 3 goals in final); in 1984 with FC Metz References French Football Federation Profile Stats Profile at pari-et-gagne.com External links 1956 births Living people Sportspeople from Blois French men's footballers France men's international footballers Men's association football forwards FC Nantes players AS Monaco FC players FC Metz players RC Strasbourg Alsace players Stade Malherbe Caen players Tours FC players Ligue 1 players Olympic footballers for France Footballers at the 1976 Summer Olympics Paris Saint-Germain F.C. non-playing staff Footballers from Centre-Val de Loire
Cédric Jimenez (born 26 June 1976) is a French film producer, film director and screenwriter. Career Jimenez's 2014 film The Connection (La French), starring Academy Award winner Jean Dujardin, premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival. In 2015, he directed an adaptation of Laurent Binet's prize-winning novel HHhH, starring Jason Clarke, Rosamund Pike, Mia Wasikowska, Jack O'Connell and Jack Reynor. The film was released the following year. Filmography References External links 1976 births Living people French people of Spanish descent French film producers French film directors French male screenwriters French screenwriters Mass media people from Marseille
Ray Ferguson was an American physician and politician from Arizona who served in the Arizona State Senate from 1917 through 1918, during the 3rd Arizona State Legislature. In addition to his short political career, Ferguson was heavily involved in the mining industry in Arizona and Mexico. Twice he served as the superintendent of the Territorial and State Insane Asylum in Phoenix. Early life Ferguson was born in Petersburg, Indiana, son of Major Levi Ferguson, a lawyer and postmaster, and Amelia Thomas. Ferguson graduated from embalming school in Indianapolis, Indiana in 1897, and in 1898 he accepted a position as an embalmer in Wichita, Kansas. In 1890, he moved to Kingman, Kansas to take a position as an embalmer there. The establishment he worked for was also a furniture store, and in 1891 he became a partner in the business, and the name changed to Ferguson & Co. Ferguson was also a member of the Masons. In 1893 Ferguson sold his share of the furniture/embalming business back to his partner. From 1893 to 1895, Ferguson managed a furniture store in Round Pond, Kansas. After an abortive attempt to begin a business in the mining boomtown of Cripple Creek, Colorado in 1896, Ferguson attended medical school in Kansas City, Kansas. He graduated from the Kansas City Medical College in the spring of 1899. After graduating medical school, he worked for a year as a surgeon at the German Hospital in Kansas City. When his year was up, he visited Nogales, Arizona, where he was offered a position as physician for the Southern Pacific Railway, which he accepted. Career in Arizona In 1900 Ferguson passed the certification for becoming a physician in the Territory of Arizona. He set up a medical and surgery practice in Nogales, Arizona. He was also chief surgeon for the Southern Pacific Railroad. Ferguson was also involved in the mining industry in Arizona. He was co-owner of the Hermosa Mining Company, which he sold in 1903. In 1904 he was one of the incorporators of the World's Fair Mine, which had been in operation since 1891. The company was sold to investors later that same year. After the sale, Ferguson continued on as the company's general manager. He married Jessie Bohall, of Nogales, on April 4, 1904. They had one child, a son, Kent. In 1904 Ferguson was elected chairman of the Santa Cruz County Republican Committee, a position he held through 1910. Ferguson was one of the minority of public officials who supported the concept of dual statehood with New Mexico. In March 1906 he was appointed superintendent of the Territorial Asylum in Phoenix by Governor J. H. Kibbey. Upon taking the position, he resigned as surgeon for the Southern Pacific Railway. Upon taking over the asylum he lobbied for funds to expand the facility, including the building of a hospital on the asylum's grounds. He had asked for $15,000, but the legislature appropriated $50,000 in 1907, with half to be spent that year, and the other half in 1908. In late October 1907, Ferguson was violently attacked by one of the asylum's inmates. The man had become agitated, and when Ferguson went to calm him down, the man attacked him with an axe, striking several blows to his head and shoulders with the blunt end, however he did sever an artery in Ferguson's head. He was saved by a guard who discharged a shotgun at the inmate, wounding him. Ferguson was in critical condition. In mid-November he was taken to his home in Kansas to see specialists. In December he was further removed to Kansas, when his injuries were deemed more serious than previously thought. He recuperated in Kansas City, and was fully recovered by February 1908, and returned to Arizona in March, after spending some time at his family's home in Wellington. He resigned as the asylum's superintendent in July 1908. After resigning from the asylum, Ferguson focused on his many mining interests, in both Arizona and Mexico. He had investments in the La Libertad Mining & Milling Company, and the Leek-McDonald Copper Mine. He was also a large shareholder in the Zambona Development Company. In October 1908, Ferguson and his family moved to Duquesne, where they rented a house. In June 1909, Ferguson moved his family to Tucson. From 1910 to 1911 Ferguson and his family moved back and forth between Tucson and Nogales. In 1912 they moved to Los Angeles, although he continued to maintain his mining interests in Arizona and Mexico. In late 1915 Ferguson moved back to Arizona, this time to Patagonia, near where he had some of his mining interests. In addition to his mining interests, Ferguson also served as the physician to several local mining camps. In 1916, at the urging of his friends, he ran as the Republican candidate for the State Senate seat from Santa Cruz County. The Democratic incumbent, Harry J. Karns, did not run for re-election. He was replaced on the ballot by Richard Farrell, who had been a member of the State House of Representatives during the 2nd Arizona State Legislature. Ferguson narrowly defeated Farrell in the general election by 13 votes. In 1917 he became the chief surgeon and physician for the Duquesne Mining and Reduction Company. Ferguson ran for re-election in 1918. He lost to Democrat T. P. Thompson in November's general election. In August 1921 Ferguson was once again appointed as the superintendent of the state insane asylum. He lasted less than a year this time, resigning in July 1922, to accept a position as the general manager at the Stargo Mines near Morenci. In 1922 Ferguson remarried, this time to Margaret Hyde of Phoenix on July 17. Later in his life he lived in Mexico. References Republican Party Arizona state senators People from Petersburg, Indiana
The 2013–14 Primera B de Chile season was the 64th completed season of the Primera B de Chile. Torneo Apertura San Luis de Quillota was tournament’s champion. Torneo Clausura San Marcos de Arica was tournament’s champion. References External links RSSSF 2013 Primera B de Chile seasons Primera B
Ceratarcha clathralis is a moth in the family Crambidae first described by Charles Swinhoe in 1894. It is found in the Indian state of Meghalaya. References Spilomelinae Moths described in 1894 Moths of Japan
813 is a 1920 American mystery film directed by Charles Christie and Scott Sidney, written by Scott Darling from the 1910 story by Maurice Leblanc, produced by Al Christie, released by the Christie Film Company and the Robertson-Cole Pictures Corporation, and starring Wedgwood Nowell as jewel thief Arsene Lupin with a supporting cast featuring Ralph Lewis, Wallace Beery, and Laura La Plante. It is not known whether the film currently survives, and it may be a lost film. Plot As summarized in a film publication, Robert Castleback (Lewis) has plans for worldwide power through a mysterious secret that he possesses. Arsene Lupin (Nowell), master thief but loyal Frenchman, knows of the secret and is attempting to obtain state papers held by Castleback. Two other persons in the employ of the Kaiser are attempting the same thing. Castleback is murdered and some suspect Lupin, who announces his intention to catch the real killer. Disguised as the chief of police, he works fearlessly alongside the police. Soon he comes into contact with another master criminal, Ribeira (Beery), who is masquerading as Maj. Parbury, and Lupin suspects that he is complicit in the crime. Lupin falls in love with Dolores Castleback (Adams), widow of the murdered man. When Ribeira, to get rid of Lupin, steals his daughter and informs Lupin that he will have to go alone to a deserted house to get her back, Lupin goes, foils the plot to kill him, and escapes through a tunnel that comes out in the home of Delores. As he turns from the mantelpiece where he has discovered the hiding place of the state papers, he sees a mysterious man that he has been trailing. To Lupin's horror he finds that the man is really Delores, who is in reality a German criminal. She kills herself and Lupin escapes. Cast Wedgwood Nowell as Arsene Lupin Ralph Lewis as Robert Castleback Wallace Beery as Maj. Parbury / Ribeira J.P. Lockney as Formerie William V. Mong as Chapman Colin Kenny as Gerard Beaupre Milton Ross as Gourel Thornton Edwards as Doudeville Frederick Vroom as Prefect of Police Mark Fenton as Marco Kathryn Adams as Dolores Castleback Laura La Plante as Genevieve Vera Steadman as Vashti Seminoff Gonzalo Meroño as Richard Steward References External links 1920 films 1920 mystery films American silent feature films American black-and-white films Arsène Lupin films American mystery films Films directed by Scott Sidney Film Booking Offices of America films 1920s American films Silent adventure films Silent mystery films
Exeter Township is a township within the Greater Pittston area of Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 2,047 at the 2020 census. Upper Exeter and Harding are two villages in the township. History Early history Exeter Township was established in the late 18th century as one of the original townships of Luzerne County. It is believed to be named after Exeter, Rhode Island; the name Exeter derives from the town of Exeter in Devon, England. Exeter Township was later downsized when sections of the community were divided into several newer townships and boroughs (e.g., West Pittston Borough and Exeter Borough). Revolutionary War During the Revolutionary War, the Hardings—a group of settlers—were ambushed by a group of Iroquois and Loyalists on June 28, 1778. The field where these men were at work when they were killed is still part of Exeter Township. Five days later, on July 3, the Battle of Wyoming, also known as the Wyoming Massacre, occurred in what is now Exeter Borough and Wyoming Borough. Roughly 300 Patriot soldiers were killed. In the days following the battle, settlers fled the Wyoming Valley and spread the news of how the Patriots had been massacred. In response, a scorched earth campaign was conducted by Continental Army forces under the command of Major General John Sullivan). The 1779 Sullivan Expedition destroyed numerous Iroquois villages in the Finger Lakes region of New York. After the war In the following decades (after the Revolutionary War), American settlers poured into Exeter. Farming and logging were the primary professions in the township. Sawmills and gristmills were constructed along creeks throughout the community. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which is land and , or 3.56%, is water. The township lies on the western bank of the Susquehanna River. It is made up of forests and farms. The township contains two major villages: Harding (in the south) and Upper Exeter (in the north). Both villages are located along the only major highway in the township—PA 92 (which runs north to south along the Susquehanna River). Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 2,557 people, 943 households, and 729 families residing in the township. The population density was . There were 1,038 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the township was 99.30% White, 0.08% African American, 0.04% Native American, 0.08% Asian, 0.16% Pacific Islander, 0.31% from other races, and 0.04% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.35% of the population. There were 943 households, out of which 34.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.0% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.6% were non-families. 18.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.10. In the township the population was spread out, with 24.3% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 26.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.0 males. The median income for a household in the township was $43,600, and the median income for a family was $49,722. Males had a median income of $33,547 versus $25,428 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,134. About 4.5% of families and 6.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.0% of those under age 18 and 12.7% of those age 65 or over. Education Exeter Township is part of Wyoming Area School District. References External links Townships in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania Townships in Pennsylvania
Nixe inconspicua is a species of flatheaded mayfly in the family Heptageniidae. It is found in North America. References Mayflies Articles created by Qbugbot Insects described in 1924 Insects of North America
The St. Nicholas in-a-Day Church () is a Romanian Orthodox church located at 22 Academiei Street in Bucharest, Romania. It is dedicated to Saint Nicholas. History The original church on the site was a small, early 17th-century wooden structure founded by the Postelnic Neagoe. Tradition holds that it was consecrated precisely a year after construction began; another version states that, fulfilling a bet, it was built in a single day; either legend explains the nickname. The church, along with the surrounding land and houses became the dowry of Marica, a descendant of the ktetor, when in 1673 she married future Prince Constantin Brâncoveanu. In 1702, she moved the wooden church to an estate and ordered the current church built, with Ianache Văcărescu as Ispravnic. During the 18th century, it belonged to the barbers’ guild. It had four cells, with the lot enclosed by walls. The cells were demolished between 1848 and 1918. In the early 19th century, the building became a chapel for the princely residence on Podul Mogoșoaiei, located in the houses of Ban Dumitrache Ghica from 1813 to 1834. In order to facilitate his commute, Prince Ioan Caragea ordered the construction of a covered footbridge linking his upper-floor residence to the church. He broke part of its south wall, installing a door that led directly into the balcony. The hole, some 1.70 meters high, was later filled, but its trace remains visible. The footbridge lasted until around 1840. The roof was damaged by fire in 1825; the church was subsequently repainted, the upper part of the walls rebuilt and the metal roof replaced by tiles. The process, lasting until 1827, rendered Grigore IV Ghica as another ktetor. The church was in very poor shape by 1909, undergoing repairs in 1914–1915. The city authorities proposed its demolition in 1915, leading to its listing as a historic monument that year. Further repairs were carried out in 1958 and from 2005. Description The nave-shaped church is some 26 meters long by 8.5 meters wide, with the facade reaching 9.3 meters high. It features a portico and a bell tower above the narthex. There are no side apses; the altar apse is slightly detached, polygonal on the exterior and semicircular on the interior. The portico has three frontal arches and two pairs of side ones; these rest on massive brick columns without capitals. Since 1915, the area has been closed by glass and wall. The narthex was originally separated from the nave by three columns, eliminated after 1825. The wooden bell tower, rising 19.2 meters, sits on a square base; the original was damaged during the fire, and its current form dates to 1915–1916. The rectangular nave has a spherical ceiling. The partly deteriorated icon of the patron saint is placed above the entrance and dates to 1702. The facades are divided into two nearly equal sections by a brick string course. The latter, composed of two rows of brick, resembles saw teeth. Both upper and lower facade are decorated with arches. Between 1911 and 1947, the church was used by the Albanian Orthodox community; at one point, Fan Noli served as parish priest. Notes References Lucia Stoica and Neculai Ionescu-Ghinea, Enciclopedia lăcașurilor de cult din București, vol. I. Bucharest: Editura Universalia, 2005, Historic monuments in Bucharest Romanian Orthodox churches in Bucharest Churches completed in 1702 Brâncovenesc style architecture
Lejota aerea (Loew 1872), the Golden Trunksitter , is an uncommon species of syrphid fly observed in eastern North America. Hoverflies can remain nearly motionless in flight. The adults are also known as flower flies for they are commonly found on flowers, from which they get both energy-giving nectar and protein-rich pollen. The larvae of this genus are found in decaying tree roots. Distribution United States. References Milesiini Insects described in 1872 Diptera of North America Hoverflies of North America Taxa named by Hermann Loew
El Castillo del Terror (2012) was a professional wrestling event, the eight annual El Castillo del Terror event produced by the International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG). IWRG has held an Castillo del Terror branded show since 2005, usually late in the year, making this year's event the eight overall event in the series. The event took place on November 1, 2012, at Arena Naucalpan in Naucalpan, State of Mexico. The main event was the eponymous Castillo del Terror (Spanish for "Castle of Terror") Steel cage match where the last person eliminated was forced to unmasked per the match stipulation. The event was IWRG's Dia de los Muertes ("Day of the Dead") and Halloween holiday celebration. Production Background Starting as far back as at least 2002, the Mexican wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG; Sometimes referred to as Grupo Internacional Revolución in Spanish) has held several annual events where the main event was a multi-man steel cage match where the last wrestler left in the cage would be forced to either remove their wrestling mask or have their hair shaved off under Lucha de Apuestas, or "bet match", rules. From 2005 IWRG has promoted a fall show, around the Mexican Day of the Death, under the name El Castillo del Terror ("The Tower of Terror") to distinguish it from other Steel cage matches held throughout the year such as the IWRG Guerra del Golfo ("Gulf War"), IWRG Guerra de Sexos ("War of the Sexes") or IWRG Prison Fatal ("Deadly Prison") shows. The Castillo del Terror shows, as well as the majority of the IWRG shows in general, are held in "Arena Naucalpan", owned by the promoters of IWRG and their main arena. The 2012 Castillo del Terror show was the eighth year in a row that IWRG promoted a show under that name. Storylines The event featured five professional wrestling matches with different wrestlers involved in pre-existing scripted feuds, plots and storylines. Wrestlers were portrayed as either heels (referred to as rudos in Mexico, those that portray the "bad guys") or faces (técnicos in Mexico, the "good guy" characters) as they followed a series of tension-building events, which culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches. The Main Event was a 12-Man Steel Cage Match. The last two wrestlers who remained in the ring fought one on one in a Lucha de Apuestas Match ("Bet match"), wagering their mask on the outcome of the match. The event included wrestlers from International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG), Lucha Libre AAA World Wide (AAA) and a number of Mexican Freelance wrestlers. Event In the main event El Ángel defeated Oficial Fierro to force him to unmask and announce that his name was Fernando Montes Martínez, from Mexico City, 38 years old, and 13 years as a wrestler. Seven years earlier Fernando Montes was revealed as wrestling under the ring name Ultra Mega when he was unmasked under similar circumstances as a result of a steel cage match. Results References External links 2012 in professional wrestling 2012 in Mexico 2012 November 2012 events in Mexico
Johnson Parker-Smith (14 January 1882 – 13 July 1926) was a British lacrosse player who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. He was part of the British team which won the silver medal. Smith was born in 1882 in Chelford near Macclesfield in Cheshire, his father, also Johnson Parker Smith, was a merchant. Smith became a chartered accountant. References External links Johnnson Parker-Smith's profile at Sports Reference.com 1882 births 1926 deaths Lacrosse players at the 1908 Summer Olympics Olympic lacrosse players for Great Britain Olympic silver medallists for Great Britain English accountants Medalists at the 1908 Summer Olympics Olympic medalists in lacrosse 20th-century English businesspeople
Navalli is a village in Dharwad district of Karnataka, India. Demographics As of the 2011 Census of India there were 472 households in Navalli and a total population of 2,225 consisting of 1,131 males and 1,094 females. There were 228 children ages 0–6. References Villages in Dharwad district
Sint Eustatius has 119 protected buildings. References Protected Buildings Protected Buildings
Vicary Gibbs (12 May 1853 – 13 January 1932) was a British barrister, merchant and Conservative Party politician. He sat in the House of Commons from 1892 to 1904. He lost his seat after his business created a conflict of interest. He was the editor of the early volumes of The Complete Peerage (second edition). Early life and family Gibbs came from an old Devon family. He was the third son of Hucks Gibbs, 1st Baron Aldenham (1819–1907), and his wife Louisa Anne, daughter of William Adams. Alban Gibbs, 2nd Baron Aldenham, and Herbert Gibbs, 1st Baron Hunsdon of Hunsdon, were his brothers, while George Edward Cokayne was his great-uncle. His great-grandfather was Antony Gibbs, brother of Sir Vicary Gibbs who became Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. He was educated at Eton College and at Christ Church, Oxford, where he graduated in 1876 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Classical Moderations. He was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1880, and became a partner in the merchant and banking firm Antony Gibbs & Sons. Political career At the 1892 general election he was returned to Parliament for St Albans division of Hertfordshire. He was returned unopposed in 1895 and 1900, but was disqualified in February 1904. He and his brother Alban were partners in the firm Antony Gibbs & Sons, which had organised the sale to the Admiralty of two warships which had been built in England for the Chilean Navy, to avoid them being sold to a rival power when Chile did not complete the purchase. However, in so doing he was disqualified from the House of Commons, under provisions which debarred MPs from accepting contracts from the Crown. He told his constituents on 18 January that he would resign from the Commons by taking the Chiltern Hundreds, and then present himself for re-election. Both Gibbs and the Liberal Party candidate John Bamford Slack were by then campaigning in the constituency, but The Times newspaper reported on 20 January that the by-election was unlikely to be contested by the Liberals. However, since Gibbs was already disqualified, he did not need to take the usual step of disqualifying himself by taking the Chiltern Hundreds, and in a letter of 1 February 1904 he informed the Speaker of the contract that "I am advised that by so doing I have, under an Act of George III, vacated my seat in Parliament". His letter was read to the Commons on 2 February, and the writ was moved the following day. In the meantime, the Liberals had decided to contest the seat, and at a meeting on 24 January they had adopted Slack as their candidate. At the resulting by-election on 12 February 1904, Slack won the seat with a majority of 132 votes (1.4% of the total). At the 1906 general election Gibbs stood unsuccessfully in Bradford Central, campaigning as a tariff reformer, but never returned to the Commons. He was a member of the Tariff Commission and of the Council of the Industrial Freedom League, an organisation which opposed the involvement of the state and municipalities in trading companies. After politics Gibbs was also a Justice of the Peace for Hertfordshire, and the first co-editor of the second edition of The Complete Peerage; published beginning in 1910. While he retired well before it completed publication, his extensive notes are represented throughout the volumes. He was a director of numerous companies, and the chairman of National Provident Institution. At his seat Aldenham House near Elstree in Hertfordshire, he cultivated a garden which became notable for its flowering trees and shrubs. He won many prizes for the flowers and vegetables grown by his head gardener Edwin Beckett FRHS, including a first prize at the Franco-British Exhibition in 1908. He was a member of the Athenaeum Club and the Carlton Club. Death In January 1932 Gibbs died aged 78 at his London home in Upper Belgrave Street; he never married, and most of his huge plant collection at Aldenham was auctioned by Sotheby's in October that year. See also Baron Aldenham Baron Hunsdon of Hunsdon References Sources External links 1853 births 1932 deaths Younger sons of barons Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies UK MPs 1892–1895 UK MPs 1895–1900 UK MPs 1900–1906 Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford Members of Lincoln's Inn Vicary People from Elstree People educated at Eton College English barristers
Radio 3 is a Spanish free-to-air radio station owned and operated by Radio Nacional de España (RNE), the radio division of state-owned public broadcaster Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE). It is the corporation's third radio station, and is known for broadcasting indie, alternative, hip hop and dance music. Radio 3 traces its origins to the Programa Cultural de RNE en OM which was originally launched on 12 October 1952 as a cultural radio station broadcasting only in Madrid and surrounding areas. In 1967, the Programa Cultural was renamed as "El Tercer Programa" (The Third Programme) and began to cooperate with Segundo Programa de RNE on certain programming. Radio 3 later came into being as a nighttime programming block of El Tercer Programa in 1979 and was then renamed as such in 1981, when a new nationwide radio station was created from the ashes of the old El Tercer Programa. It attracts half a million listeners per week. Its output mostly centres on indie, alternative, hip hop and dance music that is outside the mainstream scene and the top 40 charts. Additionally, Radio 3 airs other music genres that does not air on commercial radio such as Spanish folk music, flamenco, hip hop, jazz, country, blues, Brazilian music, heavy metal, and new-age music. Programming Besides music, Radio 3 also features serialised radio drama and collects news from different cultural expressions: literature, film, theater and visual arts, always highlighting and supporting the most innovative and restless in each discipline. Radio 3's programming is split roughly 70% specialist music and 30% culture-based shows. Hosts have complete autonomy over content and the station does not have any playlists. As such, the nature of Radio 3 broadcasts varies wildly depending on the time of the week. Logos See also Radio Nacional de España List of radio stations in Spain External links RTVE Radio stations in Spain Radio stations established in 1979
The 2020 Professional Women's Bowling Association (PWBA) Tour retained a similar schedule to the 2019 season, with nine standard singles tournaments and four majors, plus the PBA-PWBA mixed doubles tournament. The 2020 PWBA season was expected to start on April 23, but as of March 15 it was postponed indefinitely due to the coronavirus pandemic. On June 3, 2020, the PWBA chose to cancel the 2020 season due to continued uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic. According to USBC Executive Director Chad Murphy: “Sadly, we do not see a workable way to operate a national tour in 2020 across varying venues and states in a manner that meets standards for a professional sports league.” BPAA Executive Director Frank DeSocio noted there is still a possibility to conduct special, non-title events for PWBA players later in 2020. Tournament summary Below is a list of events that were scheduled for the 2020 PWBA Tour season prior to the COVID-19 shutdown. Major tournaments are in bold. References External links PWBA.com, home of the Professional Women' Bowling Association 2020 in bowling
Isabelle Helen Jordansson (born 8 March 1991 in Danderyd, Sweden) is a Swedish ice hockey forward. International career Jordansson was selected for the Sweden women's national ice hockey team in the 2010 Winter Olympics. She played in all five games, recording three assists. She also appeared for Sweden at two IIHF Women's World Championships. Her first appearance came in 2008. She made two appearances for the Sweden women's national under-18 ice hockey team, at the IIHF World Women's U18 Championships in 2008 and 2009, including winning a bronze medal in the 2009 event. Career statistics International career References External links Eurohockey.com Profile Sports-Reference Profile 1991 births Living people Ice hockey players at the 2010 Winter Olympics Olympic ice hockey players for Sweden People from Danderyd Municipality Swedish women's ice hockey forwards Ice hockey people from Stockholm County

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