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Wulfram Gerstner (born 1963 in Heilbronn) is a German and Swiss computational neuroscientist. His research focuses on neural spiking patterns in neural networks, and their connection to learning, spatial representation and navigation. Since 2006 Gerstner has been a full professor of Computer Science and Life Sciences at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), where he also serves as a Director of the Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience. Career Gerstner studied physics at the University of Tübingen and at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. In 1989, he received his Master's degree with a thesis in experimental quantum optics. He then joined the theoretical biophysics group of William Bialek at University of California, Berkeley as a visiting researcher. He received his PhD in theoretical physics from the Technical University of Munich in 1993 under supervision from Leo van Hemmen. He did post doctoral work at Brandeis University and at Technical University of Munich, where he worked in theoretical neuroscience. In 1996, he was nominated as assistant professor and in February 2001 he was promoted as an associate professor with tenure at EPFL. In August 2006, Gerstner was appointed full professor at EPFL in both the School of Computer and Communication Sciences and the School of Life Sciences. Research Gerstner's research is focused on models of spiking neurons, spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), neuronal coding in single neurons and neuron populations. He also investigates models of the hippocampus and their application in the spatial representation for navigation of rat-like autonomous agents. He is also one of the initiators of The Deep Artificial Composer (DAC), a deep-learning algorithm that can generate melodies by imitating a given style of music. Books Gerstner is the author of neuroscientific text books such as Spiking Neuron Models: Single neurons, populations, plasticity (Gerstner, W. and Kistler, W.M., 2002, Cambridge University Press) that introduced the field of spiking neural networks, and Neuronal dynamics: From single neurons to networks and models of cognition (Gerstner, W., Kistler, W.M., Naud, R. and Paninski, L., 2014, Cambridge University Press) on the field of computational neuroscience that was also published as an online version including exercises and video lectures. Selected publications Distinctions Gerstner has been an editorial board member of journals such as Science, The Journal of Neuroscience, Network: Computation in Neural Systems, Journal of Computational Neuroscience, and Neural Computation. He is the recipient of the Valentino Braitenberg Award for Computational Neuroscience 2018 and in 2010 he was awarded an ERC Advanced Grant by the European Research Council. Gerstner is an elected member of the Academy of Sciences and Literature Mainz. References External links Web site of Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience Online version of the textbook Neuronal dynamics: From single neurons to networks and models of cognition German neuroscientists Swiss neuroscientists Living people Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni University of Tübingen alumni Academic staff of the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Computational neuroscience Neural networks 1963 births University of California, Berkeley alumni Brandeis University alumni
```objective-c /* * This file is part of Luma3DS * * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify * (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * * along with this program. If not, see <path_to_url * * Additional Terms 7.b and 7.c of GPLv3 apply to this file: * * Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or * author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal * Notices displayed by works containing it. * * Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, * or requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in * reasonable ways as different from the original version. / / File entirely written by fincs / #pragma once #include <3ds/types.h> #include "ifile.h" // File layout: // - File header // - Code, rodata and data relocation table headers // - Code segment // - Rodata segment // - Loadable (non-BSS) part of the data segment // - Code relocation table // - Rodata relocation table // - Data relocation table // Memory layout before relocations are applied: // [0..codeSegSize) -> code segment // [codeSegSize..rodataSegSize) -> rodata segment // [rodataSegSize..dataSegSize) -> data segment // Memory layout after relocations are applied: well, however the loader sets it up :) // The entrypoint is always the start of the code segment. // The BSS section must be cleared manually by the application. // File header #define _3DSX_MAGIC 0x58534433 // '3DSX' typedef struct { u32 magic; u16 headerSize, relocHdrSize; u32 formatVer; u32 flags; // Sizes of the code, rodata and data segments + // size of the BSS section (uninitialized latter half of the data segment) u32 codeSegSize, rodataSegSize, dataSegSize, bssSize; } _3DSX_Header; // Relocation header: all fields (even extra unknown fields) are guaranteed to be relocation counts. typedef struct { u32 cAbsolute; // # of absolute relocations (that is, fix address to post-relocation memory layout) u32 cRelative; // # of cross-segment relative relocations (that is, 32bit signed offsets that need to be patched) // more? // Relocations are written in this order: // - Absolute relocs // - Relative relocs } _3DSX_RelocHdr; // Relocation entry: from the current pointer, skip X words and patch Y words typedef struct { u16 skip, patch; } _3DSX_Reloc; // _prm structure #define _PRM_MAGIC 0x6D72705F // '_prm' typedef struct { u32 magic; u32 pSrvOverride; u32 aptAppId; u32 heapSize, linearHeapSize; u32 pArgList; u32 runFlags; } PrmStruct; // Service override structure typedef struct { u32 count; struct { char name[8]; Handle handle; } services[]; } SrvOverride; #define ARGVBUF_SIZE 0x400 extern u32 ldrArgvBuf[ARGVBUF_SIZE/4]; bool Ldr_Get3dsxSize(u32 pSize, IFile file); Handle Ldr_CodesetFrom3dsx(const char name, u32* codePages, u32 baseAddr, IFile *file, u64 tid); ```
Jaboti is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil. See also List of municipalities in Paraná References Municipalities in Paraná
Oyalı () is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Eğil, Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. It is populated by Kurds and had a population of 591 in 2022. References Neighbourhoods in Eğil District Kurdish settlements in Diyarbakır Province
Diocese of Marquette may refer to: Episcopal Diocese of Marquette Roman Catholic Diocese of Marquette
Cross-conjugation is a special type of conjugation in a molecule, when in a set of three pi bonds only two pi bonds interact with each other by conjugation, while the third one is excluded from interaction. Whereas a normal conjugated system such as a polyene typically has alternating single and double bonds along consecutive atoms, a cross-conjugated system has an alkene unit bonded to one of the middle atoms of another conjugated chain through a single bond. In classical terms, one of the double-bonds branches off rather than continuing consecutively: the main chain is conjugated, and part of that same main chain is conjugated with the side group, but all parts are not conjugated together as strongly. Examples of cross-conjugation can be found in molecules such as benzophenone, , p-quinones, dendralenes, radialenes, fullerene, and Indigo dye. The type of conjugation affects reactivity and molecular electronic transitions. References Chemical bonding
Christian Michael Prieto (born August 24, 1972) is a former professional baseball player who played one season in Major League Baseball for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim in . Prieto attended Carmel High School, and the University of Nevada. Prieto is currently the first base coach for the Tampa Bay Rays. Career He was signed June 8, 1993 by San Diego Padres scout Don Lyle after being selected by the Padres in the 24th round of 1993 draft. Prieto was granted free agency, October 15, 1999, and subsequently signed by the Los Angeles Dodgers, January 20, 2000. After being signed by the Dodgers, he was loaned to the Mexico City Red Devils from July 18 – September 6, 2000. The Dodgers allowed him to go to free agency on October 15, 2001. Prieto was then signed by the Houston Astros on December 17, 2001, then released on April 29, 2002. The Oaxaca Guerreros signed him in May 2002, then he played for the independent Chico Outlaws starting in August 2002. The Oakland Athletics signed him on November 8, 2002, then was granted free agency, October 15, 2003. Signed by the St. Louis Cardinals January 7, 2004, then granted free agency, October 15, 2004. Finally, the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim signed him as a free agent on December 14, 2004, and then released him on October 15, 2005. Preito made two appearances with the Angels during the 2005 season. Manager Mike Scioscia noted at the time that Prieto would likely be used as a defensive replacement, or possibly as a situational hitter due to his bunting abilities. His first roster appearance was made on May 14, 2005, at Comerica Park against the Detroit Tigers. His final MLB appearance was made on May 16, 2005, at Jacobs Field against the Cleveland Indians. Coaching career On October 24, 2021, Prieto was hired as the first base coach for the Tampa Bay Rays. References External links 1972 births Living people Albuquerque Dukes players American expatriate baseball players in Mexico Baseball coaches from California Baseball players from Monterey County, California Chico Heat players Diablos Rojos del México players Las Vegas 51s players Las Vegas Stars (baseball) players Los Angeles Angels players Major League Baseball center fielders Memphis Chicks players Memphis Redbirds players Mexican League baseball center fielders Minor league baseball managers Mobile BayBears players Nevada Wolf Pack baseball players New Orleans Zephyrs players People from Carmel-by-the-Sea, California Rancho Cucamonga Quakes players Sacramento River Cats players Salt Lake Stingers players Seattle Mariners coaches Spokane Indians players Carmel High School (Carmel, California)
BMO Bank, N.A. (colloquially BMO; ) is an American national bank that is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. It is the U.S. subsidiary of the multinational investment bank and financial services company Bank of Montreal, which owns it through the holding company BMO Financial Corporation (formerly Bankmont Financial Corporation, then Harris Financial Corporation). , it was the 8th largest bank in the United States by total assets. The bank was founded in 1882 as N.W. Harris & Co. before changing its name to Harris Trust and Savings Bank in 1907, and then Harris Bank in 1972. After the Bank of Montreal acquired the company in 1984, it eventually became branded as BMO Harris Bank by 2011. Under the Bank of Montreal's ownership, the company increased its presence in the U.S. through a series of acquisitions of other banks, such as Suburban Bancorp in 1994, Marshall & Ilsley in 2011, and Bank of the West in 2023. Coinciding with the Bank of the West merger, BMO announced that it would retire the "BMO Harris Bank" brand in favor of the global "BMO" brand of its Canadian parent company. History In 1882, Norman Wait Harris established N.W. Harris & Co., a Chicago-based municipal bond broker and the forerunner of Harris Bank. Harris Trust and Savings Bank was established 1907. It merged with Chicago National Bank in 1960 and was restructured as Harris Bank, N.A. in 1972. Bank of Montreal (later known as BMO Financial Group) acquired Harris in 1984. The bank grew rapidly through a series of acquisitions beginning with the First National Bank of Barrington in 1985, State Bank of St. Charles and First National Bank of Batavia in 1988 and Libertyville Federal Savings Bank and Loan and Frankfort Bancshares in 1990. Harris Bankcorp and Suburban Bancorp combined under the Harris name in 1994 and two years later, the company acquired 54 Chicago area branches from Household Bank. In 1999, the direct brokerage firm Burke, Christensen & Lewis merged with Harris Investors Direct to form Harris InvestorLine. The company's further acquisitions include Freeman Welwood in 2000; Village Bank of Naples, and Century Bank (Arizona) and First National Bank of Joliet in 2001; Northwestern Trust and Investors Advisory Company (Seattle) in 2002. Also in 2002, InvestorLine combined with CSFBdirect to form Harrisdirect and Harris acquired online client accounts of Morgan Stanley Individual Investor Group and myCFO. The following year, it purchased Sullivan, Bruyette Speros & Blayney Incorporated, followed by Lakeland Community Bank in Round Lake, and Villa Park Trust and Savings Bank in 2005. BMO continued its acquisitions in 2007 with First National Bank & Trust, (Kokomo, Indiana) followed by Ozaukee Bank, (Cedarburg, Wisconsin) and Merchant and Manufacturers Bankcorp Inc., (New Berlin, Wisconsin) in 2008 and Amcore Bank N.A. (Rockford, Illinois) on April 23, 2010. On December 17, 2010, Bank of Montreal agreed to purchase Milwaukee-based Marshall & Ilsley Corporation in an all-stock transaction valued at about US$4.1 billion. Marshall & Ilsley and Harris Bankcorp were both rebranded as BMO Harris. The company restructured as BMO Bankcorp July 5, 2011. In December 2015, the company completed its acquisition of General Electric Capital Corp.'s transportation finance business. BMO was the bank with the second-most deposits in Chicago by June 2018, with 11.5% market share. Also that month, its BMO Harris division was operating in eight states in the US. In December 2021, Bank of Montreal agreed to purchase Bank of the West with the intent on merging it with BMO Harris Bank, which would at least double its U.S. presence. The acquisition of Bank of the West was completed in February 2023, and the Bank of the West brand is planned to be absorbed into the global BMO brand by September 2023. Coinciding with this merger, BMO Harris Bank announced that it will retire the combined "BMO Harris" brand and will start to use the global BMO brand of its Canadian parent company. The company will then begin to primarily do business as "BMO Bank N.A." in September 2023 once the integration with Bank of the West is completed. Operations BMO is one of the largest banks in the Midwest with over 600 branches and approximately 1,300 ATMs in Illinois, Wisconsin, Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, Minnesota, Arizona, Florida and California. It is the second-largest Chicago-area bank based on market share, behind JPMorgan Chase, and the second largest US subsidiary of a Canadian bank after TD Bank, N.A. (owned by the Toronto-Dominion Bank). BMO is the issuer of the Diners Club cards in United States. Headquarters BMO is headquartered in a complex of three buildings in Chicago's Loop neighborhood. The original 21-story building was constructed in 1910 at 119 West Monroe Street. The entrance to the building is flanked by two bas-relief sculptures of lions, which inspired various iterations of the bank's logo until 2011, along with the bank's mascot character, Hubert the Lion. In 1960, a 23-story structure was added to the east with the address of 111 West Monroe. In 1974, a second 38-story tower was added to the west with the address of 115 South LaSalle Street. Both additions were designed by the firm of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and are in the modern style. The bank uses the address of the 1960 building. In December 2018, the bank announced it would move its headquarters to 14 floors of a 50-story office tower adjacent to Chicago Union Station. The new BMO Tower opened in 2022. Additionally, notable BMO buildings are located in Milwaukee (BMO Harris Financial Center), at 770 North Water Street, and Indianapolis (BMO Plaza). In 2017, the bank began construction of a 25-story BMO Tower at North Water and East Wells, adjacent to its current Milwaukee headquarters. The bank expects to occupy of the building beginning in December 2019. In August 2017, BMO sold the 20-story structure it currently occupies to real estate firm Irgens, which plans to remodel and lease it. Naming rights and sponsorships BMO owns corporate naming rights to the following: BMO Stadium in Los Angeles, California BMO Center in Rockford, Illinois BMO Pavilion at Summerfest in Milwaukee – Official Sponsor of Summerfest. BMO Bank is a sponsor of: Chicago Blackhawks – Official bank of the Chicago Blackhawks. Chicago Bulls – Official bank of the Chicago Bulls. Chicago White Sox – Official partner of the Chicago White Sox. Milwaukee Bucks – Official bank of the Milwaukee Bucks. Minnesota Wild – Official partner of the Minnesota Wild. Rockford IceHogs of the AHL, the Chicago Blackhawks affiliate – Official bank of the Rockford IceHogs. Wisconsin Badgers Athletics – Official partner of the UW-Madison Badgers. See also Harris, Hall & Co., securities affiliate established in 1934, following passage of the Glass Steagall Act and acquired by Dean Witter & Co. in 1953 Harris, Forbes & Co., securities affiliate established in 1911 and acquired by Chase Manhattan Bank in 1930 References External links Banks based in Illinois Harris Bank Banks based in Chicago American subsidiaries of foreign companies Banks established in 1882 1882 establishments in Illinois 1984 mergers and acquisitions Primary dealers
Noga (, lit. Light of dawn) is a moshav in south-central Israel. Located in Hevel Lakhish between Ashkelon and Kiryat Gat, it falls under the jurisdiction of Lakhish Regional Council. In it had a population of . History The moshav was founded in 1955 by Jewish refugees to Israel from the Kingdom of Iraq and Pahlavy Iran on part of the land of the depopulated Arab village of al-Faluja. The name "Noga" is symbolic of the brightness of Jewish Zionist settlement in Hevel Lakhish and named after Biblical Proverbs 4:18; "But the path of the righteous is as the light of dawn". References Moshavim Populated places established in 1955 Populated places in Southern District (Israel) 1955 establishments in Israel Iranian-Jewish culture in Israel Iraqi-Jewish culture in Israel
Souleiman Miyir Ali (born 1961) is a Djiboutian politician and a member of the Pan-African Parliament from Djibouti. Ali, a member of the People's Rally for Progress (RPP), was first elected to the National Assembly in the December 1997 parliamentary election as the 10th candidate on the joint candidate list of the RPP and the Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy (FRUD) in Djibouti Region. He was re-elected in the January 2003 parliamentary election as the 12th candidate on the candidate list of the Union for a Presidential Majority (UMP) coalition in Djibouti Region. On 10 March 2004, Ali was chosen by the National Assembly as one of Djibouti's initial five members of the Pan-African Parliament. In the National Assembly, he served as President of the Legislation and General Administration Commission during the same parliamentary term. Ali was re-elected to the National Assembly in the February 2008 parliamentary election as the 12th candidate on the UMP's candidate list for Djibouti Region. Following the election, he was re-elected as President of the Legislation and General Administration Commission on 25 February 2008. See also List of members of the Pan-African Parliament References Members of the National Assembly (Djibouti) Members of the Pan-African Parliament from Djibouti 1961 births Living people People from Djibouti (city) People's Rally for Progress politicians
Celestyny is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Malanów, within Turek County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately south-west of Malanów, south-west of Turek, and south-east of the regional capital Poznań. References Celestyny
Tiran ( Jezîret Tīrān, Jazīrat Tīrān), and Yotvat Island, is a Saudi Arabian island that was formerly administered by Egypt. Sovereignty of the two Red Sea islands, Tiran and Sanafir, was ceded officially to Saudi Arabia as part of a maritime borders agreement between Egypt and Saudi Arabia. The agreement subsequently was approved by the Egyptian Parliament and finally ratified by the Egyptian President on 24 June 2017. The island is located at the entrance of the Straits of Tiran, which connect the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba. It has an area of about . It was part of the Ras Muhammad National Park. The Straits of Tiran are Israel's only access from the Gulf of Aqaba to the Red Sea, and Egypt's blockade of the Straits of Tiran on 22 May 1967 was the casus belli for Israel in the Six-Day War. Tiran Island is of strategic significance in the area, as it forms the narrowest section of the Straits of Tiran, which is an important sea passage to the major ports of Aqaba in Jordan and Eilat in Israel. Israel briefly took over Tiran Island during the Suez Crisis and again from 1967 to 1982 following the Six-Day War. The island is inhabited only by military personnel from Egypt and the Multinational Force and Observers (MFO). Chisholm Point is a cape of Tiran Island. Some sources report that many beaches on the island are mined. On 9 April 2016, the Egyptian government declared that Tiran and Sanafir Island fall within the territorial waters of Saudi Arabia, as codified in the maritime border agreement signed with the government of Saudi Arabia on the previous day. The agreement needed to be ratified by Egypt's Parliament, and has reportedly been quashed by an Egyptian judge. A court in its final ruling rejected the deal and affirmed Egyptian sovereignty over the islands in January 2017. On 14 June 2017, Egypt's House Committee on Defence and National Security unanimously approved the transfer of Tiran and Sanafir islands to Saudi Arabia and the plan was passed by the Egyptian Parliament later the same day. On Wednesday 21 June 2017, Egypt’s top court temporarily halted all court verdicts on the agreement to transfer the two Red Sea islands to Saudi Arabia. Finally, on Saturday 24 June 2017, President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi of Egypt ratified the agreement that cedes sovereignty over the two Red Sea islands, Tiran and Sanafir, to Saudi Arabia. On 14 July 2022, Israel agreed to the deal. Ancient history - Iotabe Tiran may be the island that Procopius called Iotabe (in ), which was an important toll station for shipping in the area, but other islands in the Gulf of Aqaba have been proposed as alternative identifications. In 473 a Saracen named Amorkesos captured the island and appropriated the revenues, but the Byzantine Empire retook it 25 years later, granting its inhabitants autonomy, subject to payment of taxes on goods exported to India. Around 534, the Byzantines had to retake it again from a group whom Choricius of Gaza called an unholy race, and whom some scholars suppose to have been the Jewish inhabitants who had refused to pay the taxes. The earliest and latest dates mentioned in relation to Iotabe are given in relation to the participation of bishops of the island in the church councils: Macarius in the Council of Chalcedon in 451 (in whose acts the diocese is listed as belonging to the Roman province of Palaestina Tertia), and Anastasius in a synod held at Jerusalem in 536. There is no mention of Iotape in accounts of the Islamic conquests, suggesting that by then the island was uninhabited. Since it is no longer a residential bishopric, Iotape, in its Latin form called Iotapa in Palaestina, is today listed by the Roman Catholic Church as a titular see. The reference by Procopius to an autonomous Jewish community on the island of Iotabe until the 6th century figured in Israeli rhetoric during the Suez crisis and during and immediately after the Six-Day War. Modern history Early Egyptian control "Egypt and Saudi Arabia clarified their sovereignty claims to the islands in 1954, when Egypt informed the UN Security Council that the two islands had been Egyptian territory since the delimitation of the frontier between Egypt and the Ottoman Empire in 1906." However, according to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Israel the islands had not belonged to Egypt before 1949. During World War II, the Egyptian forces on Tiran and Sinafir islands were part of the contingent of Egyptian troops protecting the Suez Canal, according to Egypt's representative at the 659th UN Security Council meeting on 15 February 1954. In the same meeting, Egypt's representative considered Tiran and Sinafir islands an integral part of the territory of Egypt since they have been under Egypt's administration since 1906. Israeli passage In March 1949, Israeli forces took control of the area around the coastal village of Umm al-Rashrash, later renamed Eilat, as part of Operation Uvda. The uninhabited islands of Tiran and Sanafir gained strategic importance since they controlled all shipping to Eilat, Israel's only access to the Red Sea. In May 1948, Egypt blocked passage through the Suez Canal to Israeli-registered ships and to ships (Israeli or otherwise) carrying cargo to and from all Israeli ports. Since all land trade routes were blocked by other Arab states, Israel's ability to trade with East Africa and Asia, mainly to import oil from the Persian Gulf, was severely hampered. In December 1949 Egypt started to erect military installations on Tiran, Sanafir and the Sinai coast opposite the islands to control the straits. Soon after, the Egyptian Government officially denied an intention to interfere with peaceful navigation, communicating its accord with Saudi Arabia to the UK and the US on 30 January and 28 February 1950 respectively: In the same accord, Egypt claimed its right to the islands as well as possible right for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: 2016–22 transfer As Saudi media explained in 2016, Saudi King Abdel Aziz al-Saud granted Egypt permission to defend the islands since he was afraid of possible Israeli expansion while his kingdom lacked a suitable naval force to protect them. According to a 2016 statement by the Egyptian Cabinet Information and Decision Support Centre, the Egyptian Chief Delegate to the UN had denied any territorial claims on the islands in May 1967, after the then Egyptian President Gamal Abd al-Nasser closed the Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping (which was considered as a casus belli by Israel to initiate the Six-Day War): "Egypt did not seek at any time to claim that the sovereignty of the two islands has been transferred to it. Rather Egypt sought only to take over defending the two islands." Shortly thereafter Tiran Island was captured by Israeli Defence Forces troops during the Six-Day War. In January 1968, the US government stood behind a failed attempt to induce Israeli withdrawal from that island as an opening move to a larger peace process. Tiran remained under Israeli control until its return to Egypt in 1982 in fulfilment of the 1979 peace treaty signed by Egypt and Israel. The treaty includes a guarantee of freedom of Israeli shipping through the Straits of Tiran. The agreement by Egypt to handover the islands of Tiran and Sanafir to Saudi Arabia required the approval of Israel to modify the military annex to the peace treaty. Israel was notified in writing about the transfer weeks before it was made public, and gave its approval in writing to Egypt and, indirectly, to Saudi Arabia. Saudi Foreign Minister Adel al-Jubeir publicly stated that his country would honour the Egypt–Israel peace treaty's terms as regards the island and the continued stationing of the Multinational Force and Observers (MFO) forces on the island. Israel also agreed to the construction of the Saudi–Egypt Causeway between the Egyptian and Saudi mainlands which would pass through Tiran. However, an Egyptian court issued a final ruling, rejecting the transfer of the islands to Saudi Arabia after a team of lawyers have presented historical documents in support of Egypt’s ownership of the islands, both historically and geographically, before the court. The court confirmed Egypt's sovereignty over the two islands and stated that the government failed to provide evidence that the islands belonged to Saudi Arabia. On 14 June 2017, Egypt's House Committee on Defence and National Security unanimously approved the transfer of Tiran and Sanafir islands to Saudi Arabia and the plan was passed by the Egyptian Parliament later the same day. On Wednesday 21 June 2017, Egypt’s top court temporarily halted all court verdicts on the agreement to transfer the two Red Sea islands to Saudi Arabia. Finally, on Saturday 24 June 2017, President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi of Egypt ratified the agreement that cedes sovereignty over the two Red Sea islands, Tiran and Sanafir, to Saudi Arabia. On 14 July 2022, Israel agreed to the deal between Saudi Arabia and Egypt. Transport The planned Saudi-Egypt Causeway would pass through Tiran Island. See also Sanafir Island Straits of Tiran Notes External links Observation Post 3-11, Tiran Island, GlobalSecurity.org BirdLife Factsheet - Tiran Island Tiran Island , Tourist info Catholic titular sees in Asia Egypt–Saudi Arabia relations Former disputed land areas Islands of the Red Sea Uninhabited islands of Saudi Arabia
Diana Sergeevna Davis (, born 16 January 2003) is an American-born Russian ice dancer who currently represents Georgia. Representing Russia with her partner, Gleb Smolkin, she is the 2021 CS Warsaw Cup champion and the 2022 Russian national silver medalist. On the junior level, Davis/Smolkin are the 2020 Russian junior national bronze medalists, finished in the top five at the 2020 World Junior Figure Skating Championships, and competed at the 2019–20 Junior Grand Prix Final. Personal life Davis was born on 16 January 2003 in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, but was raised in Moscow, Russia. She holds dual Russian and American citizenship, and moved to Russia with her mother when she was three years old. She is the only child of Russian single skating coach Eteri Tutberidze. As a toddler, Davis was diagnosed with third degree sensorineural hearing loss caused by incorrectly prescribed antibiotics. She underwent medical treatment in Germany, but her hearing could not be fully restored. As a result of the disease, she has underdeveloped coordination and relies partially on lip-reading to communicate. However, the disability does not affect her ability to hear music. As of 2022, Diana is married to her skating partner Gleb Smolkin. Career Early years Davis' mother, Eteri Tutberidze, took her to an ice rink for the first time when she was just 2 years old. Although Davis initially wanted to pursue synchronized swimming, she began training as a skater at the age of six as it was her only opportunity to spend time with her mother. She was initially coached by her mother as a single skater in Moscow; however, she switched to ice dance in 2016 due to Tutberidze's concern for her safety performing jump elements given her lack of coordination. Davis teamed up with her first partner, Denis Pechuzhkin, another former Tutberidze student, during the 2016–17 season. The partnership was short lived, lasting only six months before Davis found a new partner, Fedor Varlamov. Davis/Varlamov skated together for the 2017–18 season and only competed domestically before also breaking up. During the partnership, Davis was awarded the title of the Master of Sports of the Russian Federation. In 2018, Davis teamed up with her current partner, Gleb Smolkin. 2018–19 season: Junior international debut Davis/Smolkin made their junior international debut in September 2018 at the 2018 JGP Croatia. The team finished third overall at the event behind Russian teammates Khudaiberdieva/Nazarov in first and Georgian competitors Kazakova/Reviya in second, but despite their podium placement did not receive a second JGP assignment. The team competed three more times internationally during the season, finishing third in the junior event at the 2018 Volvo Open Cup and second at both the 2018 Tallinn Trophy (junior) and the 2018 Russian-Chinese Youth Winter Games. At the 2019 Russian Junior Figure Skating Championships in February, they finished ninth. 2019–20 season In the summer before the start of the season, Davis and Smolkin relocated their training base from Moscow to Novi, Michigan to work with Igor Shpilband and Pasquale Camerlengo. The team opened their season in August at the 2019 JGP United States where they won the silver medal behind American training-mates Nguyen/Kolesnik. At their second assignment, 2019 JGP Russia, the team again finished second overall, this time behind fellow Russian competitors Shanaeva/Naryzhnyy, and with 26 qualifying points they advanced to the 2019–20 Junior Grand Prix Final. The team competed just once more before the Junior Grand Prix Final, taking the junior title at the 2019 Volvo Open Cup. At the 2019–20 Junior Grand Prix Final, Davis/Smolkin entered the competition as the bottom seeded team and had a disappointing outing, finishing sixth in both segments of competition and sixth overall. However, they regrouped in the interim between the Final and the 2020 Russian Junior Championships and managed to earn the bronze medal at junior nationals, earning a spot on Russian team for the 2020 World Junior Championships. Competing at Junior Worlds, Davis/Smolkin scored personal bests in both segments of competition as well as overall, and finished in fifth. 2020–21 season After Davis sustained an ankle fracture in July 2020, her long-term recovery and a subsequent illness delayed Davis/Smolkin's return to full-time training. They did not compete at the 2021 Russian Junior Championships in January, but planned to return to Russia for the Russian Cup Final in March. At the Russian Cup Final, Davis/Smolkin placed first in both the rhythm dance and the free dance to take the junior title by a margin of about 5 points over silver medalists Kaganovskaia/Angelopol. They retained their Aristocats rhythm dance from the season prior, but debuted a new free dance to selections from the soundtrack of Moulin Rouge!. 2021–22 season: Senior international debut and Beijing Olympics Davis/Smolkin received their first senior-level Grand Prix assignment to the 2021 Skate Canada International, which was not without controversy in Russia as both they and the Morozov/Bagin, another team with political pull with the Russian Figure Skating Federation, received invitations, while other teams with higher rankings did not. In order to guarantee admission to Canada during the pandemic, both were vaccinated with the Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine in addition to having previously received Russia's own Sputnik V vaccine. The team debuted their programs for the Olympic season at the 2021 senior Russian test skates in September. Davis/Smolkin made their senior international debut the week after test skates at the 2021 U.S. International Classic in Norwood, Massachusetts. At the event, the team won the silver medal behind American team Hubbell/Donohue. Going on to the Grand Prix, they placed fifth at Skate Canada International. Following their stint on the Grand Prix circuit, Davis/Smolkin competed at back-to-back ISU Challenger Series events in November. At the 2021 CS Cup of Austria, they finished just off the podium in fourth and set new personal bests in both segments of competition, as well as overall. Davis/Smolkin then competed at the 2021 CS Warsaw Cup, where they won their first international title. They upgraded their three new personal bests previously set at Cup of Austria the week before to take the gold medal ahead of Japanese team Muramoto/Takahashi in second, and American team Green/Parsons in third. At their first senior Russian Championships in December, Davis/Smolkin controversially placed third in the rhythm dance ahead of longtime Russian number three team Zahorski/Guerreiro, outscoring them in the segment by over five points. In the free dance, Davis/Smolkin were able to capitalize on the withdrawal of top Russian team Sinitsina/Katsalapov due to injury and advance to second in the segment. They took the silver medal behind new national champions Stepanova/Bukin. Their placement was, again, not without controversy, with even bronze medalist Egor Bazin questioning the fairness of the scoring. As a result of their placement, Davis/Smolkin were assigned to the 2022 European Championships as one of three dance teams representing Russia. Davis/Smolkin made their European Championships debut in January in Tallinn, Estonia. They placed eighth in the rhythm dance and seventh in the free dance to place seventh overall. When asked about the controversies surrounding their national placements, Smolkin remarked "after the Russian nationals, we stopped paying attention to all that. We let the redundant things go." Davis/Smolkin were officially named to the Russian team for the 2022 Winter Olympics on 20 January. Competing in the 2022 Winter Olympics dance event, they placed fourteenth in the rhythm dance. Afterward the team rebuffed queries from reporters about a burgeoning doping scandal involving Kamila Valieva, a student of Davis' mother Eteri Tutberidze. Davis/Smolkin held their standing of fourteenth place in the free dance to finish fourteenth overall in their Olympic debut. Release from Russia and transition to representing Georgia Davis/Smolkin, along with their Russian compatriots, were barred from international competition indefinitely by the International Skating Union on 1 March 2022 due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The team chose to remain in the United States rather than return to Russia to compete domestically during the 2022–23 season, sparking rumors that they planned to transition to representing the U.S. as Davis is a dual citizen. Speculation was further fueled by the revelation that Davis and Smolkin wed on 18 March 2022, and were working towards attaining a green card for Smolkin. The team, along with Russian Figure Skating Federation spokesperson Olga Ermolina, denied that they would discontinue representing Russia. However, this changed on 5 June 2023 when it was announced that Davis/Smolkin had been released by the Russian Figure Skating Federation and would continue their ice dance career representing Georgia. Davis is of Georgian heritage through her maternal grandparents. 2023–24 season: Debut for Georgia Davis/Smolkin began their career under the Georgian flag with a victory at the Lake Placid Ice Dance International, before winning silver at the 2023 CS Nepela Memorial. Programs With Smolkin Competitive highlights GP: Grand Prix; JGP: Junior Grand Prix With Smolkin for Georgia With Smolkin for Russia Detailed results Small medals for short and free programs awarded only at ISU Championships. With Smolkin for Georgia With Smolkin for Russia Senior results Junior results References External links 2003 births Russian female ice dancers Living people Sportspeople from Las Vegas Figure skaters at the 2022 Winter Olympics Olympic figure skaters for Russia
X Factor is a Danish television music competition showcasing new singing talent. Like the end of season 13, season 14 continued live shows without audiences due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Solveig Lindelof won the season and Oh Land became the winning mentor for the first time and Solveig Lindelof became the first winner in the Danish X Factor history to appear in the bottom two. Judges and hosts Thomas Blachman and Oh Land returned as judges for a 13th and third season respectively, while Ankerstjerne did not return for a third season. DJ Martin Jensen took over as judge from Ankerstjerne, introducing him to the competition for the first time. For a sixth season, Sofie Linde Ingversen returned as the host of the show. Sofie hosted the auditions, the returning 5 Chair Challenge, and the Bootcamp. For the live shows, she would take maternity leave, appointing the hosting role to comedian Melvin Kakooza. In late February however, Melvin had a brain tumor, rendering him unable to host the show. Lise Rønne, the former host of seasons 1, 2, 4, and 5, agreed to replace Melvin as host of the show. She was hesitant initially but agreed by reason of circumstances. Selection process Auditions took place in Copenhagen and Aarhus. Oh Land was assigned to mentor the 15-22s category, Martin Jensen the Over 23s, and Blachman the Groups. The 15 successful acts were: 15-22s: Nikoline Steen Kristensen, Andreas Liebach, Solveig Lindelof, Lucca Nordlund, Julie Toftdal Over 23s: Hiba Chehade, Vilson Ferati, Julia Ingvarsson, Dan Laursen, Philip Lillelund Groups: Emmelie & Laura, Fox & Lilly, The Kubrix, Neva & Ida, Simon & Marcus Kajsa, a group act advancing from the 5 Chair Challenge, withdrew from the competition voluntarily just before entering the Bootcamp stage. Bootcamp The 6 eliminated acts were: 15-22s: Andreas Liebach, Julie Toftdal Over 23s: Julia Ingvarsson, Philip Lillelund Groups: Emmelie & Laura, Fox & Lilly Contestants Key: – Winner – Runner-up – 3rd Place Live shows Colour key Contestants' colour key: {\| \|- \| – Over 23s (Jensen's contestants) \|- \| – 15-22s (Oh Land's contestants) \|- \| – Groups (Blachman's contestants) \|} Live show details Week 1 (February 26) Theme: Signature There was no elimination in the first live show. Viewers could still vote, and the votes would go on and be counted in the second live show. Week 2 (March 5) Theme: Songs released in 2020 Judges' votes to eliminate Blachman: Hiba Chehade Jensen: Neva & Ida Oh Land: Hiba Chehade Week 3 (March 12) Theme: Sound of my Childhood Musical Guest: Folkeklubben ("Børn af den tabte tid") Judges' votes to eliminate Jensen: Neva & Ida Blachman: Neva & Ida Oh Land: was not required to vote Week 4 (March 19) Theme: Summer Musical Guest: Lord Siva ("Solhverv") & ("Stjernerne") Judges' votes to eliminate Oh Land: Vilson Ferati Jensen: Solveig Lindelof Blachman: Vilson Ferati Week 5 (March 26) Theme: Play Danish Group Performance: ("Føler mig selv 100") Musical Guest: Andreas Odbjerg ("I Morgen er en ny dag") Judges' votes to eliminate Blachman: Lucca Nordlund Oh Land: The Kubrix Jensen: The Kubrix Week 6: Semi-Final (April 2) Theme: Horns & Unplugged Musical Guest: Alma Agger ("Uundgåelig") The semi-final did not feature a sing-off and instead the act with the fewest public votes, Dan Laursen received the fewest public votes in the first round and Lucca Nordlund received the fewest public votes in the second round and both were eliminated. For the first time in the Danish X Factor two acts will be eliminated from the competition in the semi-finals. Week 7: Final (April 9) Theme: Judges Choice, Duet with a Special Guest, Winner Song Musical Guest: Drew Sycamore ("Take it Back") & ("45 Fahrenheit Girl") Group Performance: "Move On Up" (Curtis Mayfield performed by the 9 contestants), "Folk skal bare holde deres kæft" (Hugorm performed by Hugorm & the 9 contestants) References The X Factor seasons 2021 Danish television seasons
JRR may refer to: J. R. R. Tolkien (1892–1973), English writer, poet, philologist and university professor Jaime Robbie Reyne (born 1985), Australian singer Jay Robinson Racing, a racing team Jiru language Jackie Robinson (1919–1972), American baseball player Journal of Raptor Research, a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering birds of prey and raptor research
Sherbourne Street is a roadway in Downtown Toronto. It is one of the original streets in the old city of York, Upper Canada. It starts at Queen's quay, and heads north to South Drive. Its 2 lanes for the entire length, though the part south of Bloor has bike lanes. It was named by Samuel Smith Ridout (son of Thomas Ridout) in 1845 after the town in Dorset, England; the Ridout family emigrated from Sherborne to Maryland in 1774. Before 1845 the short stretch from Palace Street (now Front Street East) to Duchess Street (now Richmond Street) was called Caroline Street. History In 1838, following the Upper Canada Rebellion, seven blockhouses were built, guarding the approaches to Toronto, including the Sherbourne Blockhouse, built at the current intersection of Sherbourne and Bloor. In the 19th Century Sherbourne was lined with the stately homes of many of Toronto's most prominent families, but by the 20th Century the remaining stately houses, like 230 Sherbourne Street, had been converted to rooming houses. Streetcars ran down Sherbourne from 1874 (as horsecar service until electrified in 1891, then as Belt Line to 1923 and finally as Sherbourne streetcar line) to 1942. Buses did not begin on Sherbourne until 1947 and is now signed as 75 Sherbourne since 1957. In the early 2000s City Council chose Sherbourne as one of the first streets in Toronto to be retrofitted with dedicated bike lanes. In 2012 Sherbourne's bike lanes were improved, changing them from lanes separated from cars and trucks solely by painted lines to lanes with a pavement change that would warn motorists when they had strayed out of their lanes. Landmarks References External links Roads in Toronto
Sportsmobile is a company that provides custom after market conversions for full size vans. Most vans are fully converted to type B RV motor-homes. The Sportsmobile company was founded in 1961 by Curtis and Charles Borskey and now has three locations: Huntington, Indiana, Austin, Texas and Fresno, California. They are considered one of the oldest van conversion companies in the U.S. Company history In 1961 Curtis and Charles Borskey started the Sportsmobile company in El Paso, Texas. After his first successful Sportsmobile, a Volkswagen conversion, Borskey was contracted to install kits into Volkswagen vans by Volkswagen America. One year later Sportsmobile was contracted by Ford to install camper kits in the Lorain, Michigan plant (ref 3). In 1967 rising tariffs on vans and lackluster sales ended their contract with Volkswagen of America. Sportsmobile began selling directly to VW distributors, but soon after the Westfalia, which copied several patented features of the Sportsmobile kit, was developed. Borskey moved to Indiana and contracted out with Travel Equipment Corporation and later to General Engineering Corporation. In 1976 Borskey opened his first Sportsmobile plant in Huntington, Indiana and began selling units factory direct. The high interest rates and second oil embargo almost led to a closure of the plant in 1980. Sales soon began to pick up and plant foreman, Jim Friermood, convinced Borskey to continue production. In 1984 Borskey opened up a second location in Austin, Texas. In 1989 Alan Feld convinced Borskey to grant him a license as a Sportsmobile manufacturer. Sportsmobile West originally opened up outside of San Diego in a 2,000-square-foot shop and eventually moved to Fresno, California into a 66,000-square-foot facility in 2000. On September 1, 2020, Sportsmobile West ended its licensing agreement with Sportsmobile and became Field Van Popularity Brian Lopes, professional mountain bike racer, designed his own bike hauler with Sportsmobile called the “Lopes 55”. It is now one of his “signature” products. It was a showcased vehicle in the 2006 L.A. Auto Show. Jimmy Buffett also owns several Sportsmobiles. He has dubbed one his “Green Tomato”, a green surf van converted to run on used cooking oil. The “Green Tomato” was even incorporated into one of Margaritaville's shirt designs. Sportsmobile was also featured in the show Boys Toys on WealthTV. It “won” the episode defeating the other featured cars, an Ariel Atom, a Ferrari FF, Rally Fighter & Ultimate GTR. References External links Official website Recreational vehicle manufacturers
Uncial 062 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering) ε 64 (Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament on parchment, dated palaeographically to the 5th century. Description The codex contains a part of the Epistle to the Galatians (4:15-5:14), survived only one leaf (22 cm by 18.5 cm). The text is written in two columns per page, 33 lines per page. It is a palimpsest. The upper text is Arabic. The Greek text of this codex Aland placed it in Category III. It is dated by the Institute for New Testament Textual Research to the 5th century. The codex used to be located in Damascus, in Qubbat al-Khazna (Ms. E 7332). See also List of New Testament uncials Textual criticism References Further reading W. H. P. Hatch, An Uncial Fragment of the Gospels, HTR 23 (1930), pp. 149-152. Greek New Testament uncials 5th-century biblical manuscripts
Appius Claudius Sabinus Regillensis or Inregillensis (fl. 505 – 480 BC) was the legendary founder of the Roman gens Claudia, and consul in 495 BC. He was the leading figure of the aristocratic party in the early Roman Republic. Background and migration to Rome Appius Claudius was a wealthy Sabine from a town known as "Regillum". His original name was Attus Clausus or Attius Clausus, according to Livy; Suetonius gives Atta Claudius, while Dionysius of Halicarnassus gives Titus Claudius. From the Fasti consulares, it is known that Claudius' father was named Marcus. He had at least two sons: Appius Claudius Sabinus Regillensis, consul in 471 BC, and Gaius Claudius Sabinus Regillensis, consul in 460 BC. Appius Claudius Crassus, the decemvir, was his grandson. In 505 BC, shortly after the establishment of the Roman Republic, Rome successfully waged war against the Sabines, and in the following year, the Sabines were divided as to whether to retaliate or make peace with the Romans. Clausus favoured peace with the Romans, and as the faction favouring war became more powerful, he migrated to Rome with a large group of his clients, and took the name Appius Claudius. In recognition of his wealth and influence, he was admitted to the patriciate, and given a seat in the Senate, where he quickly became one of the leading men. His followers were allotted land on the far side of the Anio, and along with other Sabines formed the basis of the "Old Claudian" tribe. Consulship In 495 BC, nine years after he arrived at Rome, Claudius was consul with Publius Servilius Priscus Structus. He may previously have been quaestor. The consulship of Claudius and Servilius was marked by the welcome news of the death of Tarquin at Cumae, where the last King of Rome had fled after the Battle of Lake Regillus. However, the end of a threat which had unified the social strata at Rome also encouraged the patrician aristocracy to take advantage of its position, foreshadowing the approaching Conflict of the Orders. New settlers were sent to Signia, where a colony had been established by the old king; the tribus Claudia was formally incorporated into the Roman state; and a new Temple of Mercury was completed. Meanwhile, the Volsci began preparations for war, enlisting the aid of the Hernici and approaching the Latins. Stung by their recent defeat at Lake Regillus, the Latins were in no mood for war, and instead delivered the Volscian envoys to Rome, warning the Senate of the pending military threat. In gratitude, six thousand Latin prisoners were released, and the Senate agreed to consider a treaty with the Latins, which had previously been refused. But the city's attention was suddenly diverted from the threat of war with the Volsci by the appearance of chained men, who had been handed over to their creditors after falling irretrievably into debt, among whom was an old soldier who had lost his home and property while fighting for his country in the Sabine war. Cries for justice soon overtook the streets, and the consuls hastily attempted to convene the Senate, although many of the senators hid in fear for their lives. Claudius urged the arrest of the supposed troublemakers, supposing that the people would be cowed if an example were made of their leaders. Servilius, meanwhile, urged the Senate to negotiate with the plebeians in hopes of resolving the crisis. While the Senate was debating, news arrived from Latium that the Volscians were on the march. Popular sentiment was that the patricians should fight their own war, without aid from the plebs; so the Senate, feeling that the consul Servilius would be more likely to gain the trust of the plebeians in this time of emergency, entreated him to effect a reconciliation. Servilius addressed the people, urging them that they need unite against a common threat, and that nothing could be gained by attempting to force the Senate's action. He declared that no man who volunteered to serve against the Volscian invasion might be imprisoned or given over to his creditors, nor should any creditor molest the families or property of any soldier, and that those who had already been shackled should be freed in order to serve in the coming battle. After detecting a Volscian surprise attack, the consul Servilius, in whose vanguard were many of the freed debtors, led a successful assault on the Volsci, who broke and fled. Servilius captured the Volscian camp, and continued on to the Volscian town of Suessa Pometia, which he also took. A Sabine raiding party took advantage of the consul's absence to enter Roman territory, but they were pursued by Aulus Postumius Albus Regillensis, the former dictator, until Servilius was able to join him, and the two routed the Sabines. No sooner had they done so, than envoys arrived from the Aurunci, threatening war unless the Romans departed the territory of the Volscians. While Rome prepared her defenses, Servilius marched against the Aurunci, and defeated them decisively in a battle near Aricia. At Rome, Claudius ordered three hundred Volscian hostages from a previous conflict be brought to the Forum, where he had them publicly scourged and then beheaded. When the consul Servilius returned and sought the honour of a triumph for his victories, Claudius vigorously opposed it, arguing that Servilius had encouraged sedition and sided with the plebs against the state; he especially deplored the fact that Servilius had allowed his soldiers to keep the spoils of their victory at Suessa Pometia, rather than depositing it in the treasury. The Senate thus rejected Servilius' request; but appealing to the people's sense of honour, the consul received a triumphal procession in spite of the Senate's decree. Following the successes of their army, the Roman debtors looked for relief; but the consul Claudius instead resorted to the harshest possible measures, ignoring the promises made by his colleague when war threatened the very existence of the Roman state. Fueled by his own arrogance and a desire to discredit Servilius, he returned those who had previously been bound to their creditors, and sentenced those who had formerly been free to servitude. The people begged Servilius once again to come to their aid, but feeling he could make no headway against Claudius and his supporters in the Senate, he did little, and so became as hated as his colleague. When the consuls could not agree as to which of them should dedicate the Temple of Mercury, the Senate gave the decision to the plebs, expecting them to choose Servilius as their champion; but instead they chose a centurion, Marcus Laetorius, over either consul, infuriating both the Senate and Claudius. Plebeian mobs soon began interceding on behalf of those who had been bound for debt, freeing them and beating their creditors, shouting down the orders of the consul and ignoring his decrees. When news of a Sabine invasion arrived, the people refused to enlist, and Claudius accused his colleague of treason for failing to pass sentence on debtors or raise troops as demanded, in defiance of the Senate's orders. "Nevertheless, Rome is not utterly deserted; the authority of the consuls is not yet altogether thrown away. I myself will stand up, alone, for the majesty of my office and of the Senate." Claudius then ordered the arrest of one of the plebeian leaders, who appealed from the consul's judgment as the lictors were dragging him away. At first Claudius thought to ignore the appeal, in violation of the lex Valeria, which granted the right of appeal to all Roman citizens; but so fierce was the uproar that he was forced to release the man. Before the year was out, groups of plebeians began meeting in secret to discuss a course of action. Secession of the plebs In the following year, word reached the Senate of groups of plebeians meeting at night on the Aventine and Esquiline Hills. The senators called for the harsh response of a man like Appius Claudius, and ordered the consuls to levy troops in order to quell the unrest and meet an impending threat from the Aequi, Volsci, and Sabines. But none of the plebs would answer the summons unless their demands for relief and liberty from the harsh debt that oppressed them were met. Powerless to carry out their instructions, the consuls were called upon to resign, but they demanded the senators stand with them as they attempted to do so. After abandoning the effort, the Senate debated three proposals: the consul Aulus Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus opposed general debt relief, but suggested that the Senate make good on his predecessor's promises to the men who had fought against the Volsci, Aurunci, and Sabines the previous year. Titus Larcius, who had been twice consul, as well as the first Roman dictator, felt that preferential treatment for some debtors and not others risked increasing the unrest, and argued that only general relief would resolve the situation. Opposing any relief was Claudius, who asserted that the true cause of the unrest was the people's disregard for the law, and the right of appeal, which had deprived the consuls of their proper authority: "I urge you, therefore, to appoint a dictator, from whom there is no right of appeal. Do that, and you will quickly enough throw water on the blaze. I should like to see anyone use force against a lictor then, when he knows that the power to scourge or kill him is wholly in the hands of the man whose majesty he has dared to offend!" This measure seemed overly severe to many of the senators, but Claudius won the day, and was nearly appointed dictator himself. Instead, the Senate appointed Manius Valerius Maximus, brother of Publius, whose laws had granted the right of appeal to the Roman people. Valerius, already a trusted figure, reiterated the promises of liberty and relief from the harsh penalties of debt that the consul Servilius had made the previous year, and was able to raise ten legions, with which he and the two consuls defeated the Aequi, Volsci, and Sabines. On his triumphant return, Valerius proceeded to the Senate to fulfill the promises he had made to the people. But the Senate rejected his entreaty, and Valerius resigned his office, rebuking the senators for their intractability. Soon afterward, the Senate again ordered the army into the field to meet a pretended force of Aequi, and relying on the soldiers' oaths to obey the consuls. But the soldiers mutinied, and withdrew en masse to the Sacred Mount. With the city all but defenseless, and the remaining inhabitants each fearful of the other, Agrippa Menenius Lanatus, who had himself been consul in 503 BC, urged the Senate to attempt a reconciliation with the plebs, and was seconded by Valerius, who described Claudius as "an enemy of the people, and a champion of oligarchy," leading the Roman state to its destruction. Claudius, however, berated Valerius and Menenius for their weakness and criticisms, and argued just as forcefully against negotiating or making any concession to the people, whom he described as animals. After much debate, the Senate agreed to dispatch ten envoys to negotiate with the plebeians. Among these were Menenius and Valerius; Servilius, consul of the previous year; Lartius, and several other former consuls who had earned the people's trust. The conflict was finally resolved when the Senate agreed — once again over the objection of Claudius — to a discharge of debts, and the establishment of the plebeian tribunes, who had the power to veto the actions of the Senate and the consuls, and who were themselves sacrosanct, the entire body of the plebs obliged to defend them from any assault. Once the new officials had been appointed, the soldiers agreed to return to the city, ending the first "Secession of the Plebs." The "Conflict of the Orders" would continue for another two centuries, as the plebeians continually struggled for greater rights and political equality, and the patricians fought to retain control of the state. Throughout the years, Claudius and his descendants would continually oppose all such reforms with all the pride and arrogance that the consul had himself displayed. Later career Rome was struck by a grain shortage in the following year, and strife between the patricians and plebeians returned, as the wealthy were accused of hoarding food. Once again, Claudius urged the Senate to take a hard line against the mob and all who encouraged them. Calmer voices prevailed, and food was eventually procured from Aristodemus of Cumae (at the cost of several ships that Aristodemus retained as payment) and from Etruria. Two years later, in 491 BC, Rome was still recovering from the famine, and grain prices were still oppressively high. Gaius Marcius Coriolanus, a young senator who had won fame on the battlefield after helping to capture the city of Corioli from the Volsci, and who had since become a champion of the Roman aristocracy, praised Appius Claudius for his firm stance against the plebeians, and urged that the Senate take no action to relieve the distress of the people, unless the plebs agreed to surrender the hard-won privilege of electing their own tribunes. The cry arose that Coriolanus would have the Senate starve the people into submission, and he was only saved from a riot when the same tribunes ordered his arrest. Claudius, who had long distinguished himself as "the greatest enemy of the plebeians", rallied to Coriolanus' defense, haranguing the populace for their treachery and ingratitude, and accusing them of conspiring against the government of the Republic. Manius Valerius again spoke in opposition, urging that the people had the right to bring Coriolanus to trial, and that he might be acquitted, or treated with leniency, were the cause against him to proceed. Coriolanus submitted to trial, and was convicted of aspiring to tyranny by a vote of twelve of the twenty-one tribes; but in recognition of his former service to the state, he was only sentenced to banishment. In 486, the consul Spurius Cassius Vecellinus concluded a treaty with the Hernici, and proposed the first agrarian law, with the intention of distributing a neglected portion of public land among the plebeians and the allies. Once again, Claudius was in the forefront of the opposition in the Senate, arguing that the people were idle and would be unable to farm the land, and accusing Cassius of encouraging sedition. Cassius' plan was rejected, and the following year he was brought to trial by the patricians, who accused him of aspiring to royal power. Convicted, he was scourged and put to death, his house was pulled down, his property seized by the state, and his three young sons barely escaped execution. In 480 BC, when Titus Pontificius, one of the tribunes of the plebs, exhorted the plebeians to refuse enrolment for military service until agrarian reform was undertaken, Claudius convinced the senate to oppose Pontificius by obtaining the support of other tribunes, and no reform was attempted. Footnotes See also Claudia (gens) References Bibliography Titus Livius (Livy), Ab Urbe Condita (History of Rome). Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, De Vita Caesarum (Lives of the Caesars, or The Twelve Caesars). Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Romaike Archaiologia. "Appius Claudius Sabinus Regillensis" (no. 1) in the Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1849). T. Robert S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, American Philological Association (1952). Oxford Classical Dictionary, N. G. L. Hammond and H. H. Scullard, eds., Clarendon Press, Oxford (Second Edition, 1970). External links Sabinus Regillensis, Appius 5th-century BC Roman consuls 5th-century BC deaths Year of death unknown Year of birth unknown
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Spig may refer to: Spigelia, a plant used extensively in homeopathy Frank Wead (1895–1947), nicknamed "Spig", a U.S. Navy aviator SPIG Industry LLC, a Virginia-based company founded by Joshua Harman See also SplG, an alternate name for spore photoproduct lyase SIPG — Shanghai International Port Group
City Lights is an independent bookstore-publisher combination in San Francisco, California, that specializes in world literature, the arts, and progressive politics. It also houses the nonprofit City Lights Foundation, which publishes selected titles related to San Francisco culture. It was founded in 1953 by poet Lawrence Ferlinghetti and Peter D. Martin (who left two years later). Both the store and the publishers became widely known following the obscenity trial of Ferlinghetti for publishing Allen Ginsberg's influential collection Howl and Other Poems (City Lights, 1956). Nancy Peters started working there in 1971 and retired as executive director in 2007. In 2001, City Lights was made an official historic landmark. City Lights is located at 261 Columbus Avenue. While formally located in Chinatown, it self-identifies as part of immediately adjacent North Beach. History Founding and early years City Lights was the inspiration of Peter D. Martin, who relocated from New York City to San Francisco in the 1940s to teach sociology. He first used City Lights, in homage to the Chaplin film, in 1952 as the title of a magazine, publishing early work by such key Bay Area writers as Philip Lamantia, Pauline Kael, Jack Spicer, Robert Duncan, and Ferlinghetti himself, as "Lawrence Ferling". A year later, Martin used the name to establish the first all-paperback bookstore in the U.S., at the time an audacious idea. The site was a tiny storefront in the triangular Artigues Building located at 261 Columbus Avenue, near the intersection of Broadway in North Beach. Built on the ruins of a previous building destroyed in the fire following the 1906 earthquake, the building was designed by Oliver Everett in 1907 and named for its owners. City Lights originally shared the building with a number of other shops. It gradually gained more space whenever one of the other shops became vacant, and eventually occupied the entire building. In 1953, as Ferlinghetti was walking past the Artigues Building, he encountered Martin out front hanging up a sign that announced a "Pocket Book Shop." He introduced himself as a contributor to Martin's magazine City Lights, and told him he had always wanted a bookstore. Before long he and Martin agreed to a partnership. Each man invested $500. Soon after they opened, they hired Shig Murao as a clerk. Murao worked without pay for the first few weeks, but eventually became manager of the store and was a key element in creating the unique feel of City Lights. In 1955, Martin sold his share of the business to Ferlinghetti for $1000, moved to New York and started the New Yorker Bookstore which specialized in cinema. In the late 1960s, Ferlinghetti hired Joseph Wolberg, former philosophy professor at SUNY Buffalo, to manage the bookstore. Wolberg is credited with organizing the once chaotically messy shelves and for convincing a cheap Ferlinghetti to install anti-shoplifting metal detectors. Through his connection to City Lights, Wolberg produced records for Beat poets such as Charles Bukowski and Shel Silverstein. The logo for City Lights Bookstore is a medieval guild mark, chosen by Ferlinghetti, from Rudolf Koch's The Book of Signs. 1970s and 1980s In 1971, Ferlinghetti persuaded Nancy Peters – who was working at the Library of Congress – to join in a project with him, after which she began full-time work at City Lights. She said: In 1984, the business was in a financial crisis and Peters became a co-owner of it. Ferlinghetti credits her for the subsequent survival and growing success of the business. In 1999, with Ferlinghetti, she bought the building they worked in. 2000s In 2001, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors made City Lights an official historic landmark – the first time this had been granted to a business, rather than a building – citing the organization for "playing a seminal role in the literary and cultural development of San Francisco and the nation." It recognized the bookstore as "a landmark that attracts thousands of book lovers from all over the world because of its strong ambiance of alternative culture and arts", and it acknowledged City Lights Publishers for its "significant contribution to major developments in post-World War II literature." The building itself, with its clerestory windows and small mezzanine balcony, also qualified as a city landmark because of its "distinctive characteristics typical of small commercial buildings constructed following the 1906 earthquake and fire." The landmark designation mandates the preservation of certain external features of the building and its immediate surroundings. Peters commented (referring to the effect of dotcom and computer firms), "The old San Francisco is under attack to the point where it's disappearing." By 2003, the store had 15 employees. Peters estimated that the year's profits would be only "maybe a thousand dollars." In 2007, after 23 years as executive director, she stepped down from the post, which was filled by Elaine Katzenberger; Peters remained on the board of directors. Peters said of her work at City Lights: Present City Lights sells a curated selection of new books, specializing in literature, cultural studies, world history, and politics. It offers three floors of new-release hardcovers and paperbacks from all major publishers, as well as a large selection of titles from smaller, independent publishers. It hosts weekly events in its City Lights LIVE programming series, which switched to virtual events in 2020 due to the pandemic. City Lights is a member of the American Booksellers Association. Publishing In 1955, Ferlinghetti launched City Lights Publishers with his own Pictures of the Gone World, the first number in the Pocket Poets Series. This was followed in quick succession by Thirty Spanish Poems of Love and Exile translated by Kenneth Rexroth and Poems of Humor & Protest by Kenneth Patchen, but it was the impact of the fourth volume, Howl and Other Poems (1956) by Allen Ginsberg that brought national attention to the author and publisher. City Lights Journal published poems of the Indian Hungry generation writers when the group faced police case in Kolkata. The group got worldwide publicity thereafter. Apart from Ginsberg's seven collections, a number of the early Pocket Poets volumes brought out by Ferlinghetti have attained the status of classics, including True Minds by Marie Ponsot (1957), Here and Now by Denise Levertov (1958), Gasoline (1958) by Gregory Corso, Selected Poems by Robert Duncan (1959), Lunch Poems (1964) by Frank O'Hara, Selected Poems (1967) by Philip Lamantia, Poems to Fernando (1968) by Janine Pommy Vega, Golden Sardine (1969) by Bob Kaufman, and Revolutionary Letters (1971) by Diane di Prima. In 1967 the publishing operation moved to 1562 Grant Avenue. Dick McBride ran this part of the business with his brother Bob McBride and Martin Broadley for several years. In 1971, Nancy Peters joined Ferlinghetti as co-editor and publisher. He praised her as "one of the best literary editors in the country.". Presently, the publisher is Elaine Katzenberger, who is also the director of the bookstore. Over the years, the press has published a wide range of poetry and prose, fiction and nonfiction, and works in translation. In addition to books by Beat Generation authors, the press publishes literary work by such authors as Charles Bukowski, Georges Bataille, Rikki Ducornet, Paul Bowles, Sam Shepard, Andrei Voznesensky, Nathaniel Mackey, Alejandro Murguía, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Ernesto Cardenal, Daisy Zamora, Guillermo Gómez-Peña, Juan Goytisolo, Anne Waldman, André Breton, Kamau Daáood, Masha Tupitsyn, and Rebecca Brown. In 1965, the press published an anthology of texts by Antonin Artaud, edited by Jack Hirschman. In 2014, the press published its first New York Times bestselling book, Rad American Women A-Z, the press's first book for children, by Kate Schatz with illustrations by Miriam Klein Stahl. Since then, other critically acclaimed books of fiction, nonfiction, and poetry include Man Alive by Thomas Page McBee, Notes on the Assemblage by Juan Felipe Herrera (who was U.S. Poet Laureate at the time), Dated Emcees by Chinaka Hodge, an anniversary edition of The Gilda Stories by Jewelle Gomez, Incidents of Travel in Poetry by Frank Lima, Retablos by Octavio Solis, Poso Wells by Gabriela Alemán, Under the Dome by Jean Daive, and Funeral Diva by Pamela Sneed, among others. The press has also published two books by Tongo Eisen-Martin, Poet Laureate of San Francisco. Associated from the outset with radical left-wing politics and issues of social justice, City Lights has in recent years augmented its list of political non-fiction, publishing books by Angela Y. Davis, Noam Chomsky, Michael Parenti, Howard Zinn, Mumia Abu-Jamal, Ward Churchill, Tim Wise, Roy Scranton, John Gibler, Todd Miller, Clarence Lusane, Ralph Nader, Henry A. Giroux, and Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz. Howl Ferlinghetti had heard Ginsberg read Howl in 1955 at the Six Gallery; the next day, he offered to publish it along with other shorter poems. William Carlos Williams — who was Ginsberg's childhood Pediatrician and himself a future Pocket Poet with a 1957 edition of his early modernist classic, Kora in Hell (1920) — was recruited for an introduction, perhaps to lend literary justification to Howl'''s depictions of drug use and homosexuality. Prior to publication, Ferlinghetti had asked, and received, assurance from the American Civil Liberties Union that the organization would defend him, should he be prosecuted for obscenity. Published in November 1956, Howl was not long in generating controversy. In March 1957, local Collector of Customs Chester MacPhee seized a shipment from England of the book's second printing on grounds of obscenity, but he was compelled to release the books when federal authorities refused to confirm his charge. But the troubles were just beginning, for in June of that year, local police raided City Lights Bookstore and arrested store manager Shigeyoshi Murao on the charge of offering an obscene book for sale. Ferlinghetti, then in Big Sur, turned himself in on his return to San Francisco. Both faced a possible $500 fine and a 6-month sentence. (Ginsberg was in Tangiers at the time, and not charged.) The ACLU posted bail, assigned defense counsel Albert Bendich to the case, and secured the pro bono services of famous criminal defense lawyer J. W. Ehrlich. The municipal court trial, presided over by Judge Clayton W. Horn, ran from August 16 to September 3, 1957. The charges against Murao were dismissed since it couldn't be proved that he knew what was in the book. Then, during the trial of Ferlinghetti, respected writers and professors testified for the defense. Judge Horn rendered his precedent-setting verdict, declaring that Howl was not obscene and that a book with "the slightest redeeming social importance" merits First Amendment protection. Horn's decision established the precedent that paved the way for the publication of such hitherto banned books as D. H. Lawrence's Lady Chatterley's Lover and Henry Miller's Tropic of Cancer. The media attention resulting from the trial stimulated national interest, and, by 1958, there were 20,000 copies in print. Today there are over a million. Ginsberg continued to publish his major books of poetry with the press for the next 25 years. Even after the publication by Harper & Row of his Collected Poems in 1980, he would continue his warm association with City Lights, which served as his local base of operations, for the rest of his life. See also List of San Francisco Designated Landmarks Notes and references External links Landmark status likely for beatnik-era bookstore, a June 2001 CNN article And the Beats Go On, a June 2001 article from the San Francisco Chronicle'' Poetry Landmark: The City Lights Bookstore , from the website of the Academy of American Poets Guide to the records of City Lights Books at The Bancroft Library Paul Yamazaki , Chief Buyer at the Bookshop had a conversation with Rishabh Chaddha(Contributing Writer/Correspondent) about Bookselling Business Ecosystem. When and how City Lights Books came into existence , how it became such a historical landmark. What was the mission and vision Lawrence Ferlinghetti and Peter Martin had projected when they founded this book heaven. 1953 establishments in California American companies established in 1953 Beat Generation Book publishing companies based in San Francisco Bookstores established in the 20th century Bookstores in the San Francisco Bay Area Buildings and structures in San Francisco Chinatown, San Francisco Independent bookstores of the United States Retail buildings in California Retail companies established in 1953 San Francisco Designated Landmarks
Joanna Louise Tindley (born 1 May 1987) is a British elite racing cyclist, who currently rides for the elite team Pro Noctis. References External links 1987 births Living people British female cyclists Place of birth missing (living people)
```python import unittest import gymnasium as gym from ray.rllib.connectors.connector import Connector, ConnectorPipeline from ray.rllib.connectors.connector import ConnectorContext from ray.rllib.connectors.agent.synced_filter import SyncedFilterAgentConnector from ray.rllib.connectors.agent.mean_std_filter import ( MeanStdObservationFilterAgentConnector, ) from ray.rllib.connectors.agent.obs_preproc import ObsPreprocessorConnector from ray.rllib.connectors.agent.clip_reward import ClipRewardAgentConnector class TestConnectorPipeline(unittest.TestCase): class Tom(Connector): def to_state(): return "tom" class Bob(Connector): def to_state(): return "bob" class Mary(Connector): def to_state(): return "mary" class MockConnectorPipeline(ConnectorPipeline): def __init__(self, ctx, connectors): # Real connector pipelines should keep a list of # Connectors. # Use strings here for simple unit tests. self.connectors = connectors def test_sanity_check(self): ctx = {} m = self.MockConnectorPipeline(ctx, [self.Tom(ctx), self.Bob(ctx)]) m.insert_before("Bob", self.Mary(ctx)) self.assertEqual(len(m.connectors), 3) self.assertEqual(m.connectors[1].__class__.__name__, "Mary") m = self.MockConnectorPipeline(ctx, [self.Tom(ctx), self.Bob(ctx)]) m.insert_after("Tom", self.Mary(ctx)) self.assertEqual(len(m.connectors), 3) self.assertEqual(m.connectors[1].__class__.__name__, "Mary") m = self.MockConnectorPipeline(ctx, [self.Tom(ctx), self.Bob(ctx)]) m.prepend(self.Mary(ctx)) self.assertEqual(len(m.connectors), 3) self.assertEqual(m.connectors[0].__class__.__name__, "Mary") m = self.MockConnectorPipeline(ctx, [self.Tom(ctx), self.Bob(ctx)]) m.append(self.Mary(ctx)) self.assertEqual(len(m.connectors), 3) self.assertEqual(m.connectors[2].__class__.__name__, "Mary") m.remove("Bob") self.assertEqual(len(m.connectors), 2) self.assertEqual(m.connectors[0].__class__.__name__, "Tom") self.assertEqual(m.connectors[1].__class__.__name__, "Mary") m.remove("Bob") # Bob does not exist anymore, still 2. self.assertEqual(len(m.connectors), 2) self.assertEqual(m.connectors[0].__class__.__name__, "Tom") self.assertEqual(m.connectors[1].__class__.__name__, "Mary") self.assertEqual(m["Tom"], [m.connectors[0]]) self.assertEqual(m[0], [m.connectors[0]]) self.assertEqual(m[m.connectors[1].__class__], [m.connectors[1]]) def test_pipeline_indexing(self): """Tests if ConnectorPipeline.__getitem__() works as intended.""" context = ConnectorContext({}, observation_space=gym.spaces.Box(-1, 1, (1,))) some_connector = MeanStdObservationFilterAgentConnector(context) some_other_connector = ObsPreprocessorConnector(context) # Create a dummy pipeline just for indexing purposes pipeline = ConnectorPipeline(context, [some_connector, some_other_connector]) for key, expected_value in [ (MeanStdObservationFilterAgentConnector, [some_connector]), ("MeanStdObservationFilterAgentConnector", [some_connector]), (SyncedFilterAgentConnector, [some_connector]), ("SyncedFilterAgentConnector", []), (ClipRewardAgentConnector, []), ("can i get something?", []), (0, [some_connector]), (1, [some_other_connector]), ]: self.assertEqual(pipeline[key], expected_value) if __name__ == "__main__": import pytest import sys sys.exit(pytest.main(["-v", __file__])) ```
Tenellia perca, common name Lake Merritt cuthona, is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fionidae. References Fionidae Gastropods described in 1958
Christopher Lee "Chris" Catalfo (born December 14, 1959 in Rochester, New York) is an American former wrestler who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics. Raised in Montvale, New Jersey he was a state champion prep wrestler at Pascack Hills High School before winning collegiate honors at Syracuse University. References 1959 births Living people Olympic wrestlers for the United States Pascack Hills High School alumni People from Montvale, New Jersey Sportspeople from Bergen County, New Jersey Syracuse Orangemen wrestlers Wrestlers at the 1984 Summer Olympics Wrestlers from New Jersey American male sport wrestlers Pan American Games medalists in wrestling Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States Wrestlers at the 1987 Pan American Games 20th-century American people 21st-century American people
Notes of the Thatched Abode of Close Observations (), also translated as Random Jottings from the Cottage of Close Scrutiny and Fantastic Tales By Ji Xiaolan, is a collection of purportedly true supernatural stories compiled by Qing Dynasty scholar-official Ji Yun. Roughly comprising 1,200 entries, the majority of Ji's stories were collected from his friends and colleagues. Others were based on his own experiences during childhood and encounters during the course of his long official career. Publication history Ji Yun published five volumes of supernatural stories from 1789 to 1798: Written to Pass the Season at the Summer Resort (灤陽消夏錄) in 1789, So Have I Heard (如是我聞) in 1791, Jottings from My Haidian Lodging (槐西雜誌) in 1792, No Harm in Listening (姑妄聽之) in 1793, and More from the Summer Resort (灤陽續錄) in 1798. In 1800, his student, Sheng Shiyan, amalgamated the volumes into a single collection,Yuewei caotang biji, named after Ji's studio. Stories The stories in the Notes feature many supernatural beings, cryptids and concepts from Chinese folklore, including jiangshi, hulijing and yeren, in addition to ghosts and spirits. Literary significance According to Leo Tak-Hung Chan, the Notes is the 'most voluminous zhiguai collection in late imperial China' as well as one of the most misunderstood. Most of the tales collected by Ji were contributed by his friends and acquaintances, many of whom were distinguished government officials, scholars, and members of gentry. As such, Chan argued that the Notes provides unique insight into how the cultural elite of eighteenth-century China viewed the supernatural, complicating popular notions that the Chinese elite during this period were just 'Confucian rationalists'. Select translations English Real Life in China at the Height of Empire: Revealed by the Ghosts of Ji Xiaolan (tr. David Pollard). Chinese University of Hong Kong Press, 2014. . Shadows in a Chinese Landscape: The Notes of a Confucian Scholar, (tr. David L. Keenan). M.E. Sharpe, 1999. . The Shadow Book of Ji Yun: The Chinese Classic of Weird True Tales, Horror Stories, and Occult Knowledge (tr. Yi Izzy Yu and John Yu Branscum). Empress Wu Books, 2021. . See also Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio What the Master Would Not Discuss References Chinese mythology Chinese short story collections Collections of fairy tales Literature featuring anthropomorphic foxes Short stories set in Imperial China Qing dynasty literature Chinese horror fiction
Rawstudio is stand-alone application software to read and manipulate images in raw image formats from digital cameras. It is designed for working rapidly with a large volume of images, whereas similar tools are designed to work with one image at a time. Rawstudio reads raw images from all digital camera manufacturers using dcraw as a back end. supports color management using LittleCMS to allow the user to apply color profiles (see also Linux color management). Rawstudio uses the GTK+ user interface toolkit. Rawstudio was available in Debian through version 7 "Wheezy", but removed from the distribution due to the software's dependency on obsolete libraries. See also Darktable RawTherapee UFRaw References External links Digital photography Free graphics software Free software programmed in C Graphics software that uses GTK Photo software for Linux Free raw image processing software
Two Japanese warships have borne the name Hayabusa: , a launched in 1898 and stricken in 1921 , an launched in 1935 and sunk in 1944 Imperial Japanese Navy ship names Japanese Navy ship names
```java package com.shuyu.gsyvideoplayer.render.glrender; import android.annotation.SuppressLint; import android.graphics.Bitmap; import android.graphics.SurfaceTexture; import android.opengl.GLES20; import android.opengl.GLException; import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView; import android.opengl.Matrix; import android.os.Handler; import android.view.Surface; import com.shuyu.gsyvideoplayer.render.view.listener.GSYVideoGLRenderErrorListener; import com.shuyu.gsyvideoplayer.render.view.GSYVideoGLView; import com.shuyu.gsyvideoplayer.listener.GSYVideoShotListener; import com.shuyu.gsyvideoplayer.render.view.listener.GLSurfaceListener; import com.shuyu.gsyvideoplayer.utils.Debuger; import java.nio.IntBuffer; import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10; /** * / @SuppressLint("ViewConstructor") public abstract class GSYVideoGLViewBaseRender implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer, SurfaceTexture.OnFrameAvailableListener { // protected boolean mHighShot = false; protected GLSurfaceListener mGSYSurfaceListener; protected GLSurfaceView mSurfaceView; protected float[] mMVPMatrix = new float[16]; protected float[] mSTMatrix = new float[16]; protected int mCurrentViewWidth = 0; protected int mCurrentViewHeight = 0; protected int mCurrentVideoWidth = 0; protected int mCurrentVideoHeight = 0; protected boolean mChangeProgram = false; protected boolean mChangeProgramSupportError = false; protected GSYVideoGLRenderErrorListener mGSYVideoGLRenderErrorListener; protected Handler mHandler = new Handler(); public abstract void releaseAll(); public void setSurfaceView(GLSurfaceView surfaceView) { this.mSurfaceView = surfaceView; } public void sendSurfaceForPlayer(final Surface surface) { mHandler.post(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { if (mGSYSurfaceListener != null) { mGSYSurfaceListener.onSurfaceAvailable(surface); } } }); } protected int loadShader(int shaderType, String source) { int shader = GLES20.glCreateShader(shaderType); if (shader != 0) { GLES20.glShaderSource(shader, source); GLES20.glCompileShader(shader); int[] compiled = new int[1]; GLES20.glGetShaderiv(shader, GLES20.GL_COMPILE_STATUS, compiled, 0); if (compiled[0] == 0) { Debuger.printfError("Could not compile shader " + shaderType + ":"); Debuger.printfError(GLES20.glGetShaderInfoLog(shader)); GLES20.glDeleteShader(shader); shader = 0; } } return shader; } protected int createProgram(String vertexSource, String fragmentSource) { int vertexShader = loadShader(GLES20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vertexSource); if (vertexShader == 0) { return 0; } int pixelShader = loadShader(GLES20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fragmentSource); if (pixelShader == 0) { return 0; } int program = GLES20.glCreateProgram(); if (program != 0) { GLES20.glAttachShader(program, vertexShader); checkGlError("glAttachShader"); GLES20.glAttachShader(program, pixelShader); checkGlError("glAttachShader"); GLES20.glLinkProgram(program); int[] linkStatus = new int[1]; GLES20.glGetProgramiv(program, GLES20.GL_LINK_STATUS, linkStatus, 0); if (linkStatus[0] != GLES20.GL_TRUE) { Debuger.printfError("Could not link program: "); Debuger.printfError(GLES20.glGetProgramInfoLog(program)); GLES20.glDeleteProgram(program); program = 0; } } return program; } protected void checkGlError(final String op) { final int error; if ((error = GLES20.glGetError()) != GLES20.GL_NO_ERROR) { Debuger.printfError(op + ": glError " + error); mHandler.post(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { if (mGSYVideoGLRenderErrorListener != null) { mGSYVideoGLRenderErrorListener.onError(GSYVideoGLViewBaseRender.this, op + ": glError " + error, error, mChangeProgramSupportError); } mChangeProgramSupportError = false; } }); //throw new RuntimeException(op + ": glError " + error); } } /* * bitmap / protected Bitmap createBitmapFromGLSurface(int x, int y, int w, int h, GL10 gl) { int bitmapBuffer[] = new int[w h]; int bitmapSource[] = new int[w * h]; IntBuffer intBuffer = IntBuffer.wrap(bitmapBuffer); intBuffer.position(0); try { gl.glReadPixels(x, y, w, h, GL10.GL_RGBA, GL10. GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, intBuffer); int offset1, offset2; for (int i = 0; i < h; i++) { offset1 = i * w; offset2 = (h - i - 1) * w; for (int j = 0; j < w; j++) { int texturePixel = bitmapBuffer[offset1 + j]; int blue = (texturePixel >> 16) & 0xff; int red = (texturePixel << 16) & 0x00ff0000; int pixel = (texturePixel & 0xff00ff00) \| red \| blue; bitmapSource[offset2 + j] = pixel; } } } catch (GLException e) { return null; } if (mHighShot) { return Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmapSource, w, h, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888); } else { return Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmapSource, w, h, Bitmap.Config.RGB_565); } } public void setGSYSurfaceListener(GLSurfaceListener onSurfaceListener) { this.mGSYSurfaceListener = onSurfaceListener; } public float[] getMVPMatrix() { return mMVPMatrix; } /** * / public void setMVPMatrix(float[] MVPMatrix) { this.mMVPMatrix = MVPMatrix; } /* * / public void takeShotPic() { } /* * / public void setGSYVideoShotListener(GSYVideoShotListener listener, boolean high) { } /* * * * @param shaderEffect */ public void setEffect(GSYVideoGLView.ShaderInterface shaderEffect) { } public GSYVideoGLView.ShaderInterface getEffect() { return null; } public int getCurrentViewWidth() { return mCurrentViewWidth; } public void setCurrentViewWidth(int currentViewWidth) { this.mCurrentViewWidth = currentViewWidth; } public int getCurrentViewHeight() { return mCurrentViewHeight; } public void setCurrentViewHeight(int currentViewHeight) { this.mCurrentViewHeight = currentViewHeight; } public int getCurrentVideoWidth() { return mCurrentVideoWidth; } public void setCurrentVideoWidth(int currentVideoWidth) { this.mCurrentVideoWidth = currentVideoWidth; } public int getCurrentVideoHeight() { return mCurrentVideoHeight; } public void setCurrentVideoHeight(int currentVideoHeight) { this.mCurrentVideoHeight = currentVideoHeight; } public void initRenderSize() { if (mCurrentViewWidth != 0 && mCurrentViewHeight != 0) { Matrix.scaleM(mMVPMatrix, 0, (float) mCurrentViewWidth / mSurfaceView.getWidth(), (float) mCurrentViewHeight / mSurfaceView.getHeight(), 1); } } public void setGSYVideoGLRenderErrorListener(GSYVideoGLRenderErrorListener videoGLRenderErrorListener) { this.mGSYVideoGLRenderErrorListener = videoGLRenderErrorListener; } } ```
Bread and Roses is the eleventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Judy Collins, released by Elektra Records in 1976. The album peaked at No. 25 on the Billboard Pop Albums charts. Merging the singer's political convictions with the commercial success of the previous year's Judith, political statements like the title song, originally a poem by James Oppenheim commonly associated with a 1912 garment workers strike in Lawrence, Massachusetts, were balanced with such pop compositions as Elton John's "Come Down in Time". Released as the single from the album was "Special Delivery" by Billy Mernit. Luther Vandross sang background on this album, one of his earliest commercially recorded vocal performances. Track listing "Bread and Roses" (Mimi Fariña, James Oppenheim) – 3:05 "Everything Must Change" (Benard Ighner) – 4:25 "Special Delivery" (Billy Mernit) – 3:55 "Out of Control" (Judy Collins) – 3:00 "Plegaria a un Labrador (Prayer to a Laborer)" (Víctor Jara) – 4:04 "Come Down in Time" (Elton John, Bernie Taupin) – 3:23 "Spanish Is the Loving Tongue" (Charles Badger Clark, Billy Simon) – 4:32 "I Didn't Know About You" (Duke Ellington, Bob Russell) – 3:29 "Take This Longing" (Leonard Cohen) – 5:25 "Love Hurts" (Andrew Gold) – 3:17 "Marjorie" (Judy Collins) – 0:43 "King David" (Walter De La Mare, Herbert Howells) – 4:27 Personnel Judy Collins - Guitar, Keyboards, Vocals Gloria Agostini – Harp Rubens Bassini – Percussion Sy Berger – Trombone Jay Berliner – Guitar Kenneth Bichel – Synthesizer Don Brooks – Harmonica Robin Clark – Vocals Dom Cortese – Accordion Richard Davis – Bass Erin Dickins – Vocals Mark Doyle – Guitar Steve Gadd – Drums Mickey Gravine – Trombone Urbie Green – Trombone Corky Hale – Harmonica Hank Jones – Piano Gail Kantor – Vocals Tony Levin – Bass George Marge – Horn Charles McCracken – Cello Hugh McCracken – Guitar Merle Miller – Vocals Andy Pratt – Piano David Sanborn – Saxophone Les Scott – Wind Alan Shulman – Steel Guitar Billy Slapin – Flute G. Diane Sumler – Vocals Luther Vandross – Vocals Technical Godfrey Diamond - engineer Phil Ramone - recording supervisor Glen Christensen - art direction Mary Ellen Mark - photography References 1976 albums Judy Collins albums Albums produced by Arif Mardin Elektra Records albums
The 1947 French Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held at Lyon-Parilly on 21 September 1947 and was won by Louis Chiron driving a Talbot-Lago. The race was marred by an accident involving Pierre Levegh crashing into and killing 2 spectators. Entries As the first French Grand Prix held after World War II the entry was quite mixed. Pre-race favourites, the two Alfa Romeo 158s entered by Jean-Pierre Wimille, did not arrive. The entrants which did arrive were two two-seater Delahayes, four sports car Talbot-Lagos with two single seaters for Louis Chiron and Luigi Chinetti, six Maseratis, two of which were the latest 4CLTs for Alberto Ascari and Luigi Villoresi, three ERAs, one of which was Peter Whitehead's aging B-Type, and finally the experimental French CTA-Arsenal. Report The start of the race was quite eventful. Henri Louveau (in a Maserati 4CL) lead at first from the front row, but was overtaken by fellow Maserati driver Pierre Levegh. Both were overtaken by another Maserati driven by Raph who lead the first lap. Meanwhile, from the back of the grid Villoresi in the newer Maserati had moved up to third place, while Raymond Sommer retired the CTA-Arsenal in its only ever race appearance without completing a lap. On the second lap Villoresi moved into second place and by the end of the third lap had taken the lead. On the fourth lap he was forced to retire with smoke pouring out of his engine, handing the lead to Raph followed closely by Emmanuel de Graffenried, in another Maserati, who took the lead on the following lap. Chiron made a slow start but quickly moved up through the field, taking the lead from de Graffenried on the eighth lap. de Graffenried stayed with Chiron until engine overheating forced him to retire after 20 laps, handing second place to Henri Louveau. Thanks in part to just about every competitor suffering from various mechanical issues, the lead two would hold their positions until the end of the race. After making a fuel stop, on his 24th lap Pierre Levegh crashed his Maserati through a barrier, killing two spectators, after his engine seized. Not long after half distance, Chiron looked to be experiencing engine problems as an oiled plug caused stuttering. Although this quickly cleared, it was clear that Chiron's car was not running well, and if not for his fellow competitors experiencing trouble themselves he would not have been competitive. Chiron's fuel stop on lap 44 left him with a lead of 48 seconds over Louveau who would himself stop on the next lap, increasing the gap to 1 minute and 35 seconds. Louveau would reduce this lead by over a minute, if not for making a late-race stop, allowing Chiron to continue running at a low enough pace to preserve the car. It was a popular victory, with the slower French cars demonstrating their much stronger reliability over the faster Maseratis, of which just one of six finished. Classification References External links XXXIV Grand Prix de l'Automobile Club de France French Grand Prix French Grand Prix Grand Prix
Wijilawarrim (also referred to as Molly Springs) is a small Aboriginal community, located proximate to Kununurra in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, within the Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley. Native title The Miriuwung Gajerrong people are signatories to the Ord Final Agreement, a broad package of measures which implements a platform for future partnerships between the Miriuwung Gajerrong people, WA State Government, industry and developers for the benefit of the wider community and the East Kimberley region. Governance At a broader governance level, Yawoorroong Miriuwung Gajerrong Yirrgeb Noong Dawang Aboriginal Corporation (MG Corp) acts in trust on behalf of all MG native title holders to ensure compliance with its obligations under the Ord Final Agreement including those relating to community living areas. MG Corp was incorporated under the Corporations (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander) Act 2006 in 2006 and its constitution was subsequently amended in 2008. Town planning Wijilawarrim Layout Plan No.1 has been prepared in accordance with State Planning Policy 3.2 Aboriginal Settlements. Layout Plan No.1 was endorsed by the community on 16 November 2010 and the Western Australian Planning Commission on 29 September 2010. Notes Towns in Western Australia Aboriginal communities in Kimberley (Western Australia)
Astropecten is a genus of sea stars of the family Astropectinidae. Identification These sea stars are similar one to each other and it can be difficult to determine with certainty the species only from a photograph. To have a certain determination, in some cases, animals should be analyzed in the laboratory or using genetic testing, but often it isn’t possible. In order to determine the species, with a reasonable margin of error, it’s necessary to observe the appearance of the animal, in particular, based on some typical features described by principal authors that have analyzed over the years a large number of specimens in the laboratory. The main elements, to determine the various species from photo, are: the appearance of the dorsal marginal plates and spines, the size, the shape of disc and arms. For a good identification by sea photo it is important to take a complete picture of all the subject, a picture of the detail of the marginal plates and to measure as precisely as possible the diameter of the sea star. All this can be done without touching, turning it, or disturbing the animal. Starfishes have two sides: an upper side called “aboral side” (which is normally visible), and a bottom side called “oral side” (which rests on the seabed). Species Astropecten acanthifer Sladen, 1883 Astropecten acutiradiatus Tortonese, 1956 Astropecten africanus Koehler, 1911 Astropecten alatus Perrier, 1875 Astropecten alligator Perrier, 1881 Astropecten americanus Verrill, 1880 Astropecten anacanthus H.L. Clark, 1926 Astropecten andersoni Sladen, 1888 Astropecten antillensis Lütken, 1859 Astropecten aranciacus (Linnaeus, 1758) Astropecten armatus Gray, 1840 Astropecten articulatus (Say, 1825) Astropecten bandanus Doderlein, 1917 Astropecten bengalensis Doderlein, 1917 Astropecten benthophilus Ludwig, 1905 Astropecten bispinosus (Otto, 1823) Astropecten brasiliensis Müller & Troschel, 1842 Astropecten brevispinus Sladen, 1883 Astropecten carcharicus Doderlein, 1917 Astropecten caribemexicanensis Caso, 1990 Astropecten celebensis Doderlein, 1917 Astropecten cingulatus Sladen, 1833 Astropecten comptus Verrill, 1915 Astropecten debilis Koehler, 1910 Astropecten dubiosus Mortensen, 1925 Astropecten duplicatus Gray, 1840 Astropecten eremicus Fisher, 1913 Astropecten eucnemis Fisher, 1919 Astropecten euryacanthus Lutken, 1871 Astropecten exiguus Ludwig, 1905 Astropecten exilis Mortensen, 1933 Astropecten fasciatus Doderlein, 1926 Astropecten formosus Sladen, 1878 Astropecten fragilis Verrill, 1870 Astropecten gisselbrechti Doderlein, 1917 Astropecten granulatus Müller & Troschel, 1842 Astropecten griegi Koehler, 1909 Astropecten gruveli Koehler, 1911 Astropecten guineensis Koehler, 1911 Astropecten hawaiiensis Doderlein, 1917 Astropecten hemprichi Müller & Troschel, 1842 Astropecten hermatophilus Sladen, 1883 Astropecten huepferi Koehler, 1914 Astropecten ibericus Perrier, 1894 Astropecten imbellis Sladen, 1883 Astropecten indicus Doderlein, 1888 Astropecten inutilis Koehler, 1910 Astropecten irregularis (Pennant, 1777) Astropecten jarli Madsen, 1950 Astropecten javanicus Lutken, 1871 Astropecten jonstoni (Delle Chiaje, 1827) Astropecten kagoshimensis de Loriol, 1899 Astropecten latespinosus Meissner, 1892 Astropecten leptus H.L. Clark, 1926 Astropecten liberiensis Koehler, 1914 Astropecten luzonicus Fisher, 1913 Astropecten malayanus Doderlein, 1917 Astropecten mamillatus Koehler, 1914 Astropecten marginatus Gray, 1840 Astropecten mauritianus Gray, 1840 Astropecten michaelseni Koehler, 1914 Astropecten minadensis Doderlein, 1917 Astropecten monacanthus Sladen, 1883 Astropecten nitidus Verrill, 1915 Astropecten novaeguineae Doderlein, 1917 Astropecten nuttingi Verrill, 1915 Astropecten orientalis Doderlein, 1917 Astropecten ornatissimus Fisher, 1906 Astropecten orsinii Leipoldt, 1895 Astropecten pedicellaris Fisher, 1913 Astropecten petalodea Retzius, 1805 Astropecten platyacanthus (Philippi, 1837) Astropecten polyacanthus Müller & Troschel, 1842 Astropecten preissi Müller & Troschel, 1843 Astropecten primigenius Mortensen, 1925 Astropecten productus Fisher, 1906 Astropecten progressor Doderlein, 1917 Astropecten pugnax Koehler, 1910 Astropecten pulcherrimus H.L. Clark, 1938 Astropecten pusillulus Fisher, 1906 Astropecten pusillus Sluiter, 1889 Astropecten regalis Gray, 1840 Astropecten sanctaehelenae Mortensen, 1933 Astropecten sarasinorum Doderlein, 1917 Astropecten scoparius Müller & Troschel, 1842 Astropecten siderialis Verrill, 1914 Astropecten sinicus Doderlein, 1917 Astropecten spiniphorus Madsen, 1950 Astropecten spinulosus (Philippi, 1837) Astropecten sulcatus Ludwig, 1905 Astropecten sumbawanus Doderlein, 1917 Astropecten tamilicus Doderlein, 1888 Astropecten tasmanicus H.E.S Clark & D.G. McKnight, 2000 Astropecten tenellus Fisher, 1913 Astropecten tenuis (Bell, 1894) Astropecten timorensis Doderlein, 1917 Astropecten triacanthus (Goto, 1914) Astropecten triseriatus Müller & Troschel, 1843 Astropecten umbrinus Grube, 1866 Astropecten validispinosus Oguro, 1982 Astropecten vappa Müller & Troschel, 1843 Astropecten variegatus Mortensen, 1933 Astropecten velitaris von Martens, 1865 Astropecten verrilli deLoriol, 1899 Mediterranean species Six species of Astropecten currently live in the Mediterranean Sea: Astropecten aranciacus (Linnaeus, 1758) Astropecten bispinosus (Otto, 1823) Astropecten irregularis (Pennant, 1777) Astropecten jonstoni (Delle Chiaje, 1825) Astropecten platyacanthus (Philippi, 1837) Astropecten spinulosus (Philippi, 1837) References Roberto Pillon (2009). Astropecten of the Mediterranean Sea Koehler, Réné. 1921. Faune de France. Echinodermes. Tortonese, Enrico. 1965. Fauna d'Italia. Echinodermata. Tortonese, Enrico. 1934. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria (Volume 57). Emil Edler Von Marenzeller (1875). Revision adriatischer Seesterne. Ludwig, Hubert. 1897. Die Seesterne des Mittelmeeres. Zoologischen station zu Neapel. Ludwig Heinrich Philipp Döderlein. 1921. Die Asteriden der Siboga-Expedition. External links Downloadable WoRMS: Roberto Pillon (2009). Astropecten of the Mediterranean Sea Downloadable WoRMS: Roberto Pillon (2009). Orientarsi in un mare di stelle WoRMS Jaselli, Luca. “REDESCRIPTION AND FIRST ILLUSTRATION OF THE HOLOTYPE OF ASTROPECTEN MONTALIONIS (MENEGHINI, 1852) [PAXILLOSIDA: ASTROPECTINIDAE.” Atti della Societa Toscana di Scienze Naturali (2018)] Astropectinidae Asteroidea genera Taxa named by John Edward Gray
Willie Pearson Jr. is an American sociologist, who has studied and encouraged the participation of African-Americans and other minorities, as well as women, in science. He has published several books on the experience of African-American scientists with PhDs, including major studies on chemists and engineers. Pearson has had a leading role in many activities and policy development roles in relation to the participation of minorities and women in science, including chairing the Committee on Equal Opportunities in Science and Engineering (CEOSE), a congressionally mandated committee at the National Science Foundation (NSF). He served on the U.S. president's Board of Advisors on Historically Black Colleges and Universities. Early life and education Willie Pearson was born in Rusk, Texas on 29 June 1945. After his parents divorced, he and his older sister, Vassie King, were raised by their mother. He attended Emmett J. Scott High School in Tyler, Texas, going on to study at the small, historically black, liberal arts college, Wiley College and graduating with a B.A. in sociology in 1968. In 1971, Pearson earned his master's degree in sociology from Atlanta University. Pearson later undertook doctoral research at the Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, gaining his PhD in 1980/81 with the dissertation, One in a hundred: a study of black American science doctorates. He undertook postdoctoral studies at the Educational Testing Service (ETS) and the U.S. Congress' Office of Technology Assessment (OTA). Career After completing his master's degree, Pearson briefly worked for the Department of Health, Education and Welfare and the U.S. Army in Kansas City, Missouri. In 1972, he was appointed to the sociology faculty of Grambling State University in Louisiana. In 1980, Pearson joined Wake Forest University in North Carolina. In 2001, he was appointed to professor and chair of the Department of History and Sociology at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta. Soon after, Pearson chaired the U.S. Congress mandated the establishment of the Committee on Equal Opportunities in Science and Engineering (CEOSE), a congressionally mandated committee in the National Science Foundation (NSF) which reports biennially to the U.S. Congress. In 2010, President Barack Obama appointed Pearson to his re-established Board of Advisors on Historically Black Colleges and Universities. He has also served on committees and advisory boards and panels for the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Science Foundation (NSF), the American Chemical Society (ACS), the American Sociological Association (ASA), and the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM). Honors and awards Congressional Fellowship, Morris K. Udall Award, U.S. Office of Technology Assessment (1988-1989). Donald O. Schoonmaker Faculty Award for Community Service (2000) for contributions to the Wake Forest University campus community. Sigma Xi (Scientific Research Honor Society) Distinguished Lecturer (2001-2002). National Associate of the National Academies of Sciences (2001). Books Black Scientists, White Society, and Colorless Science: a Study of Universalism in American Science (1985) Blacks, Science, and American Education (1989) (with H. Kenneth Bechtel) Who Will Do Science? Educating the Next Generation (1994) Beyond Small Numbers: Voices of African American PhD Chemists (2005) Changing the Face of Engineering: The African American Experience (2015) (Edited with John Brooks Slaughter and Yu Tao) Advancing Women in Science: An International Perspective (2015) (Edited with Lisa Frehill and Connie McNeely) References External links Biography with video oral history at The HistoryMakers 20th-century American scientists American sociologists 1945 births Wiley College alumni Living people 20th-century African-American scientists 21st-century African-American academics 21st-century American academics African-American sociologists
Phoradendron macrophyllum is a species of flowering plant in the sandalwood family known by the common names Colorado Desert mistletoe, bigleaf mistletoe, and Christmas mistletoe. It is native to western United States and northern Mexico from Oregon to Colorado to Texas to Baja California, where it grows in many types of wooded habitat at elevations up to 1700 m (5500 feet). This mistletoe is a parasitic plant on a variety of trees and woody shrubs, including species of alder, ash, walnut, sycamore, poplar, mesquite, and willow. It is known from over 60 species of hardwood trees, but it has not been reported on oaks. It is a shrub producing many erect green branches which can exceed a meter long. Its stems are lined with pairs of oppositely arranged leaves, each rounded or oval in shape and 3 to 4 centimeters long. As a hemiparasite the mistletoe taps its host tree for water and nutrients but contains some chlorophyll and can photosynthesize some energy for itself as well. The plant is dioecious, with male and female individuals producing different forms of inflorescence with rough elongated clusters of flowers. Female flowers yield white to light pink spherical berries each 4 or 5 millimeters wide. References External links Jepson Manual Treatment for Phoradendron macrophyllum USDA Plants Profile of Phoradendron macrophyllum ssp. macrophyllum San Diego Natural History Museum: Natural History of Holiday Plants Phoradendron macrophyllum — UC Photo gallery macrophyllum Parasitic plants Flora of Northeastern Mexico Flora of Northwestern Mexico Flora of the Southwestern United States Flora of Arizona Flora of Baja California Flora of California Flora of Chihuahua (state) Flora of New Mexico Flora of Oregon Flora of Sonora Flora of Texas Flora of the California desert regions Flora of the Chihuahuan Desert Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States) Flora of the Sonoran Deserts Flora of the Rio Grande valleys Natural history of the California Coast Ranges Natural history of the Colorado Desert Natural history of the Mojave Desert Dioecious plants Flora without expected TNC conservation status
Saishike railway station is a station on the Chinese Qinghai–Tibet Railway. Station layout See also Qinghai–Tibet Railway List of stations on Qinghai–Tibet railway References Railway stations in Qinghai Stations on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway
Sahan Kalan is a village in Tehsil Kharian, in the Gujrat District of Pakistani Punjab, 4 km southeast of Kotla Arab Ali Khan and 35 km north of Gujrat. It is situated at 32°49'30"N, 74°06'17"E. The name Sahan Kalan comes from Persian words meaning Big Strong man. The main tribe in the village is the Thathaal Jat. Villages in Gujrat District Populated places in Gujrat District
```xml "use client" import React, { useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react" import { useSearchParams } from "next/navigation" import { currentUserAtom } from "@/modules/JotaiProiveder" import { IUser } from "@/modules/auth/types" import { useAtomValue } from "jotai" import { useInView } from "react-intersection-observer" import Loader from "@/components/ui/loader" import { useChatDetail } from "../../hooks/useChatDetail" import { useChatMessages } from "../../hooks/useChatMessages" import { useTyping } from "../../hooks/useTyping" import Editor from "./Editor" import MessageItem from "./MessageItem" import MessagesHeader from "./MessagesHeader" import TypingIndicator from "./TypingIndicator" const Messages = ({ setShowSidebar }: { setShowSidebar: () => void }) => { const { chatMessages, loading, error, sendMessage, handleLoadMore, messagesTotalCount, } = useChatMessages() const { typing } = useTyping() const { chatDetail } = useChatDetail() const chatContainerRef = useRef(null) as any const [reply, setReply] = useState<any>(null) const currentUser = useAtomValue(currentUserAtom) \|\| ({} as IUser) const searchParams = useSearchParams() const id = searchParams.get("id") const { ref, inView } = useInView({ threshold: 0, }) useEffect(() => { if (inView) { handleLoadMore() } }, [inView, handleLoadMore]) useEffect(() => { setReply(null) }, [id]) if (error) { return <div>Something went wrong</div> } if (loading) { return <div /> } return ( <div className="flex flex-col h-[calc(100vh-68px)] relative"> <div className="h-16 border-b flex items-center justify-between px-4 py-5"> <MessagesHeader chatDetail={chatDetail} setShowSidebar={setShowSidebar} /> </div> <div ref={chatContainerRef} className="flex-1 overflow-y-auto overflow-x-hidden px-5 px-[30px] border-0 flex flex-col-reverse scrollbar-hide " > <div className="w-full pt-2"> {typing && typing !== currentUser._id && ( <TypingIndicator user={ chatDetail.participantUsers.find( (user) => user._id === typing ) \|\| ({} as IUser) } /> )} </div> {chatMessages.map((message) => ( <MessageItem key={message._id} message={message} setReply={setReply} type={chatDetail.type} /> ))} {!loading && chatMessages.length < messagesTotalCount && ( <div ref={ref}> <Loader /> </div> )} </div> <Editor sendMessage={sendMessage} reply={reply} setReply={setReply} /> </div> ) } export default Messages ```
Plasma diffusion across a magnetic field is an important topic in magnetic confinement of fusion plasma. It especially concerns how plasma transport is related to strength of an external magnetic field, B. Classical diffusion predicts 1/B2 scaling, while Bohm diffusion, borne out of experimental observations from the early confinement machines, was conjectured to follow 1/B scaling. Hsu diffusion predicts 1/B3/2 scaling, which is presumably the best confinement scenario in magnetized plasma. See also Bohm diffusion Classical diffusion Hsu diffusion References Diffusion Plasma physics
"The Function of Dream Sleep" is a fantasy short story by American writer Harlan Ellison, first published in his 1988 anthology Angry Candy. Ellison stated that it was inspired by an actual dream. Plot summary While grieving the deaths of several of his close friends, McGrath awakens from sleep to find that he is being bitten by an enormous mouth full of teeth; it then vanishes, leaving him with a profound sensation of loss. In seeking to understand what has happened, he discovers a hidden truth about the world. Reception The story won the 1989 Locus Award for Best Novelette, and was a finalist for the 1989 Hugo Award for Best Novelette and the 1988 Bram Stoker Award for Best Long Fiction. Kirkus Reviews has described it as "Ellison aptly dramatizing his own emotional catharsis." Gary K. Wolfe and Ellen Weil have criticized the story both for the central premise — stating that the mouth (which they call "bizarre" and "surreal") does not represent "McGrath's pain and loss but his refusal or inability to process mature grief" — and for its structure, which they consider to be parallel to "any number of science fiction wish-fulfillment fantasies involving secret masters", and thus "inappropriate for a tale of suffering". References Short stories by Harlan Ellison
```smalltalk using Volo.Abp.Settings; namespace MyCompanyName.MyProjectName.Settings; public class MyProjectNameSettingDefinitionProvider : SettingDefinitionProvider { public override void Define(ISettingDefinitionContext context) { //Define your own settings here. Example: //context.Add(new SettingDefinition(MyProjectNameSettings.MySetting1)); } } ```
Locomotiv GT (often abbreviated LGT, and sometimes using the nickname Loksi) was a Hungarian rock band formed in 1971. Starting out as a progressive rock band, they later experimented with many other styles including jazz, funk, and pop. During their heyday they were one of Hungary's most popular rock bands. The band broke up in 2016 after the death of longtime singer/bassist Tamás Somló. History Early years The band was formed in April 1971 by members of previously successful Hungarian rock bands. A poll in Hungarian Youth magazine listing the nation's favorite rock musicians inspired several of the winners to form a new band together. Singer/keyboardist Gábor Presser and drummer József Laux had been members of Omega, singer/bassist Károly Frenreisz had been a member of Metró, and singer/guitarist Tamás Barta (hu) had been in Hungária. They played their first concert in Budapest in July 1971. Much of their early activity was as a backing band for pop singers, due to Hungary's restrictions on employment for rock musicians; they gained notice in particular for backing Sarolta Zalatnay and Kati Kovács during their first few years of existence. Their self-titled debut album was released in December 1971, and their second album Ringasd el magad was released the following year. They received coverage in New Musical Express, which called them “The new rock sensation [that] could come from the East!”; traveled to Japan to play at the World Popular Song Festival; and were invited to perform at the Great Western Express Festival in England. In 1973, the band wrote the music for the politicized theater production An Imaginary Report on an American Pop Festival. This endeavor frustrated Frenreisz who left to form his own band Skorpió; he was replaced by Tamás Somló, another former member of Omega. The band's third album Bummm! was released in 1973. Tamás Barta (hu) left the band and defected to the United States, which then caused the Hungarian government to ban Bummm! for the next ten years in retaliation. (Barta was murdered in the United States under mysterious circumstances in 1982.) Barta was replaced by János Karácsony. The band's first three albums were compiled in 1974 for an American/British release titled Locomotiv GT (not to be confused with their first Hungarian release), which included some new material produced by Jimmy Miller and a guest appearance by Jack Bruce on harmonica. Their first album with Karácsony, Mindig magasabbra, was released in Hungary in 1975. During this period, the Hungarian government suppressed much of the band's work, followed by the governments of neighboring countries like Romania and Czechoslovakia, because the band's rock music was considered subversive; most of their sales and acclaim were gained in English-speaking countries. The English-language songs recorded with Jimmy Miller for the 1974 international compilation were not released in Hungary until 1988. Their 1976 release, the double album Locomotiv GT V., was also banned in Hungary. József Laux then left the band, also to defect to the United States. After the band received help from two temporary drummers, Laux was replaced by János Solti. Later years The lineup of Presser, Somló, Karácsony, and Solti remained intact for forty years until the group disbanded. The band released the albums Zene – Mindenki másképp csinálja in 1976, Mindenki in 1978, and Loksi in 1980. The latter album was the first for which they were paid royalties for retail sales. They toured the Soviet Union in 1980 and were offered an international contract by EMI the following year, with an invitation to record at Abbey Road Studios in England. The EMI albums Locomotiv GT X. (1982) and Ellenfél nélkül (1984) were unsuccessful and the band gave up their international touring ambitions to focus on the Hungarian market. The band ceased regular activity in 1986 but re-emerged in 1992 for a major concert in Budapest celebrating the downfall of Communism. They released the reunion album 424 – Mozdonyopera in 1997. They then became a nostalgia touring act, appearing regularly at festivals and holding their own event, the LGT Festival, annually from 1999 to 2007. Former members József Laux and Károly Frenreisz made some special appearances with the band during this period. The band continued touring until the death of Tamás Somló at age 68 in 2016. Laux also died in 2016 at age 73. Personnel Members Gábor Presser — keyboards, vocals (1971–1992, 1997–2016) János Karácsony — guitars, bass, vocals (1974–1992, 1997–2016) János Solti — drums, percussion (1976–1992, 1997–2016) Tamás Somló — bass, saxophone, vocals (1973–1992, 1997–2016; his death) Tamás Barta (hu) — guitars, harmonica, vocals (1971–1974; died 1982) Károly Frenreisz — bass, guitars, woodwind, vocals (1971–1973) József Laux — drums, percussion (1971–1976; died 2016) Additional personnel Anna Adamis — lyrics (1971–1976) Dusán Sztevánovity — lyrics (1976–2016) Touring musicians Gábor Németh — drums (1976) Gábor Szekeres — drums (1976) Timeline <div style="float:left;"> Discography Hungarian albums Locomotiv GT (1971) Ringasd el magad (1972) Bummm! (1973) Mindig magasabbra (1975) Locomotiv GT V. (1976) Zene – Mindenki másképp csinálja (1977) Mindenki (1978) Loksi (1980) Locomotiv GT X. (1982) Ellenfél nélkül (1984) 424 – Mozdonyopera (1997) A fiúk a kocsmába mentek (2002) International albums US/UK albums in English Locomotiv GT (Dunhill Records 811) (made in 1973 with songs mainly of the three first LPs; was released in 1974 in the UK and the US) All Aboard (follow-up to the previous album; shelved, never released in the UK or the US due to poor sales of the previous album; released remixed and omitting two of the original Barta penned tracks in 1988 in Hungary only under the title Locomotiv GT '74 USA) Motor City Rock (recorded in Prague and released in 1976, without a title; it was re-released in 1978 with a title and was exported to many Eastern bloc countries) Locomotiv GT (recorded in Hungary in 1980, without a title; was exported to West Germany and Sweden) Too Long (English version of their tenth Hungarian LP Locomotiv GT X (if double albums are counted as two albums); it was recorded in Budapest and London in 1982–83 and was released in the UK in 1983) Boxing (made for EMI of songs on their 1984 maxi single "Első magyar óriás kislemez" and the album Ellenfél nélkül in 1985; refused by EMI) Locomotiv GT '74 USA (remixed and edited version of All Aboard, compiled by Laux in Budapest in 1987 and released in 1988) Locomotiv GT In Warsaw (recorded live in Poland in 1976) None of Locomotiv GT's Western European or American releases charted. Albums in other countries Locomotiv GT (Argentina, 1973) Ringasd el magad (under the title Locomotiv GT; Czechoslovakia, 1973) Live In Warsaw (live) (Poland, 1975) Mindig magasabbra (West Germany, 1976) Mindenki (Czechoslovakia, 1979) Todos (Spain, 1980) Hungary singles "Boldog vagyok" / "Ha volna szíved" (1971) "Érints meg / Kenyéren és vízen" (1971) "Szeress nagyon" / "Csak egy szóra" (1972) "Hej, gyere velem" / "Csavargók angyala" (1973) "Segíts elaludni" / "Mindig csak ott várok rád" (1973) "Belépés nemcsak tornacipőben! — Mindenki másképp csinálja" / "Mozdulnod kell" (1978) "Annyi mindent nem szerettem" / "Pokolba már a szép szavakkal" / "Miénk ez a cirkusz" / "Veled, csak veled" (double single, 1979) "Első magyar óriás kislemez" (1984) International singles "Touch Me, Love Me, Rock Me" / "Silver Summer" (1971; the existence of this single is not proven, but it is mentioned in the Lexicon of Rock Music by Péter Tardos; "Touch Me" was later released on a compilation) "Serenade" / "Give Me Your Love" (Netherlands, 1972) "Hilf mir einzuschlafen" / "Ich wart' auf dich irgendwo" (East Germany, 1973; German version of the single "Segíts elaludni" / "Mindig csak ott várok rád") "Eine kuckucksarmbanduhr" / "Mondschein im haar" (East Germany, 1973; the A-side is the German version of the song "Kakukkos karóra", while the B-side is the German version of the song "Ksiezyc we wlosy" by Polish band Skaldowie [on the single they are called Die Skalden]) "Rock Yourself" / "Serenade (To My Love If I Had One)" (U.S., 1974; first single off the first English LP released in the same year; includes an edited version of "Rock Yourself", both in mono and stereo version) "She's Just 14" / "Free Me" (US, 1974; second single of the LP; includes an edited version of "She's Just 14") "Ringasd el magad" / "The World Watchmaker" (Poland, 1973/1974 (?); includes a live version of "Ringasd el magad" ("Rock Yourself"), probably from the festival in Sopot, 1973; the other song "The World Watchmaker" was written by Polish songwriter Tadeusz Woźniak, an original song called "Zegarmistrz Światła") "Higher and Higher" / "Lady of the Night" (live versions of the songs "Mindig magasabbra" and "Álomarcú lány", performed in Hungarian, only the single has an English title; released around 1975/76, probably when the LP Locomotiv GT in Warsaw was released) "Rock Yourself" / "Serenada — Blues" (came into being under circumstances similar to the previous; the second song is not "Szerenád" but rather "Arra mennék én" which is followed by a blues song exclusive to this release; here "Rock Yourself" can be heard in English, and within it a few lines from "Mindenki") "Vengerszkájá esztrádá" (Soviet Union, 1978; part of the soundtrack to Zsombolyai János's film A kenguru which contained music by LGT as well as Omega, Gemini, Skorpió, Fonográf, Bergendy, M7, Koncz Zsuzsa, Bódy Magdi, Kovács Kati, and Sarolta Zalatnay; LGT's contribution was the English version of "Álomarcú lány" ("Lady of the Night") but the title, "Kák ti zsivjos?", appearing on the disc is in error) "I'll Get You" / "Star" (1979; a promotional single prepared for MIDEM, with English versions of "Engedj el" and "Elkésett dal"; only the lyrics were newly recorded, the background music was copied from the original LP, Zene – Mindenki másképp csinálja) "Tantas cosas que no queria" (1980, Spain; a single from the Todos sampler including the two songs "Annyi mindent nem szerettem" and "Egy elfelejtett szó") Two Krugozor 45s (1980 and 1981, Soviet Union; Krugozor was a Soviet youth magazine which appeared monthly with an included 45; the 1980 single (issue 2, number 11) includes the songs "Rajongás" (Russian: "Vosztorg") as well as "A Kicsi, a Nagy, az Arthur és az Indián" (Russian: "Mális, Velíkán, Artúr í Indéjec"); the 1981 single (issue 11, number 9) includes the songs "Cabolo" (Russian: "Kabolo") and "A dal a miénk" (Russian: "Pésznya nása")) "I Want to Be There" / "Portoriko" (1983, United Kingdom; the first promotional single from Too Long) "Too Long" / "Surrender to the Heat" (1983, United Kingdom; the second promotional single from Too Long) "Too Long" / "Surrender to the Heat" (1983, United Kingdom; the promotional maxi from Too Long on which can be heard the extended version) References External links Official band website Hungarian progressive rock groups Musical groups established in 1971 Musical groups disestablished in 2016 2016 disestablishments in Hungary
Varge Mondar is a small village located in Sintra, Portugal, which is well known for its unique architecture. The village is located between two train stations, Oeiras and Rio de Mouro. The Village The village has evolved into a community of single-family and luxury homes. Many of the small three-level buildings in the village were originally designed and built by Tabaqueria, the largest tobacco company in Portugal, for their employees. Many of these houses belong to PI Workers and non-Portuguese employees of Philip Morris International, of which Tabaqueria is an affiliate. The rest of the village is divided into three zones. The "Old Buildings" zone is located closest to the main commercial zone and public transportation, and the area is home to many affluent individuals. The zone of "Individual Homes" include mostly isolated, mid-range buildings, but also some luxury homes. The "New Buildings" zone include many lower-end structures with poor maintenance, and these buildings are home to more low-income workers. The village has a single grammar school for children ages 6–10. Varge Mondar also boasts five coffee bars, two grocery stores, a dental clinic, a tax office and a Bank Totta branch. There is also a Community Group, although there have not been any members since early Philip Morris employees. Because the town's population is composed entirely of Philip Morris employees and contractors, the only public transport is a singular bus system. Due to the village's low population, there are few public attractions or places for social gathering, save for a single park which, aside from exceptional construction, is relatively uninhabited and unkempt. Because it is necessary to travel in the village using cars or other vehicles, there is a surprisingly low population of homeless people. Currently The village is believed to be on its way to extinction, as it simply does not have the manpower or the need to be well-kept. Further, due to the lack of new businesses, schools or creation of local job opportunities other than Philip Morris Tabaqueria workers, the village does not provide much room for growth or expansion. References Places in Sintra Villages in Portugal
Sant Ramon is a municipality in the county of Segarra, in Catalonia. It includes the villages of Gospí, Portell and Viver de Segarra. The name references Saint Raymond Nonnatus because he was born in Portell. Demographics References External links Government data pages Municipalities in Segarra
Vrbeta is a village situated in Knić municipality in Serbia. References Populated places in Šumadija District
Portrait of Maria Luisa of Parma is a portrait of Maria Luisa of Parma, wife of Charles IV of Spain, produced as a pendant painting to a portrait of her husband. Both works were long thought to be a copy after an autograph work by Francisco Goya, but they have now been definitively reattributed as autograph works by Goya himself, produced late in the 18th century. Goya was a court artist to the royal family, though most of his paintings of them are still in the Prado Museum. The two works were commissioned by the couple's daughter Maria Isabella of Spain. They were sent to Maria Isabella and they are both now in the National Museum of Capodimonte in Naples. See also List of works by Francisco Goya Sources Mario Sapio, Il Museo di Capodimonte, Napoli, Arte'm, 2012. Touring Club Italiano, Museo di Capodimonte, Milano, Touring Club Editore, 2012. References External links Maria Luisa of Parma Maria Luisa of Parma Maria Luisa of Parma Paintings in the Museo di Capodimonte
Maha Dewi () was a Burmese royal title. It may mean: Maha Dewi of Hanthawaddy: Regent of Hanthawaddy (r. 1383–1384) Maha Dewi of Toungoo: Queen of the Western Palace of Toungoo (r. 1510–1530) Wisutthithewi: Queen Regnant of Lan Na (r. 1564-1578) Maha Dewi (Sanay Min): Chief Queen Consort of Toungoo Dynasty (r. 1698–1714) Maha Dewi Saw Nyein Oo: Queen Mother of King Alaungpaya
Life in the USSR before emigration Efim Drabkin (), better known by his pen name Efraim Sevela (, ) (8 March 1928, Babruysk, Belarus18 August 2010, Moscow) was a Soviet writer, screenwriter, director, producer, who after his emigration from the Soviet Union lived in Israel, US and Russia. Efraim Sevela was born to Jewish parents. His father was an officer. During World War 2, him and his family were evacuated from the frontline in 1941. After finishing school Sevela was admitted into the Belarusian State University and became a screenwriter for many Soviet patriotic films. At the end of the 1960s, Sevela joined the Jewish Soviet dissidents and took part in the capture of the main office of the head of the Soviet government in 1971. Sevela was expatriated to Israel. Israel, 1971-1977 While living in Israel, Sevela published a few books in Russian. Aссording to his own words, the 45-year-old Sevela participated in the Yom Kippur War where he was wounded. In his book Stop the Plane - I'll Get Off (1977), Sevela harshly criticises Israel's system of integrating Jewish immigrants and bureaucracy. After Israel, 1977-1990 In 1977 he left Israel for the United States. Efraim Sevela worked and lived in many cities such as London, Paris, and West Berlin. Return to the USSR and life in post-Soviet Russia In 1990, Sevela returned to the USSR and, as a director, directed five films based on his own scripts - The Parrot Speaking Yiddish (1990), Noah's Ark (1992), , . In 1995, Ephraim Sevela made his last self-documentary, Lord, Who Am I? In Moscow, he lived on Chernyakhovsky street, 3. Ephraim Sevela died on August 18, 2010, in Moscow. He was buried at the Mitinsky cemetery. Works After emigrating in 1971, he began his writing career, writing in Paris (on his way to Israel) a critically acclaimed book of short stories, Legends of Invalidnaya Street. Subsequently, he wrote several novels, short stories, screenplays, autobiographical prose. Among the published books are “Stop the Plane – I’ll Get Down”, “Monya Tsatskes the Standard Bearer”, “Mom”, “Viking”, “Toyota Corolla”, “Men’s Conversation in a Russian Bathhouse”, “Parrot Speaking Yiddish”, “Why there is no heaven on earth”, “I Love New York”, “Patriot with unwashed ears”, “Wisdom tooth”, “Sell your mother”, “Everything not in a human way”. The collected works of the writer in 6 volumes (1996) and a number of collections of selected works were published. Ephraim Sevela turned to cinema again in 1986, shooting in Poland the film , consisting of three lyrical film novellas, united by the theme of life in the ghetto during the Second World War. Filmography Screenwriter: Annushka (1959) Nashi sosedi (1957) Krepkiy oreshek (1967) Goden k nestroevoy (1968) Director: / Kołysanka / Колыбельная The Parrot Speaking Yiddish (1990) / Попугай, говорящий на идиш Noah's Ark (1992) / Ноев ковчег / Благотворительный бал The White Dunes (1996) / Белые дюны Actor: Noah's Ark (1992) / Ноев ковчег Producer: Noah's Ark (1992) / Ноев ковчег / Благотворительный бал Novels Monya Tsatskes - Standard Bearer (1977, Jerusalem) Farewell, Israel! (1977) Stop the Plane - I'll Get Off (1977, Jerusalem) Sell Your Mother (1981, Jerusalem) We Were Not Like Other People Toyota Corolla Legends From Invalid Street (USA, 1971) Truth is for Strangers Why There is no Heaven on Earth Odessa-Mama (2003, Russia) References External links Efraim Sevela's works in Russian 1928 births 2010 deaths People from Babruysk Belarusian Jews Russian male writers Soviet dissidents Jewish writers Belarusian State University alumni Soviet expatriates in Israel Soviet expatriates in the United States Soviet expatriates in the United Kingdom Soviet expatriates in Germany Soviet expatriates in France
The Intra-Americas Sea (IAS) is the ocean region formed by the combination of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, delimited due east by the Windward Islands against the western North Atlantic. See also American Mediterranean Sea References Seas of the Atlantic Ocean
The Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984 (codified at ) was an act of Congress passed on October 30, 1984 to promote competition and deregulate the cable television industry. The act established a national policy for the regulation of cable television communications by federal, state, and local authorities. Conservative Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona wrote and supported the act, which amended the Communications Act of 1934 with the insertion of "Title VI—Cable Communications". After more than three years of debate, six provisions were enacted to represent the intricate compromise between cable operators and municipalities. Provisions The scholarly article, "Perceived Impact of the Cable Policy Act of 1984," published in the Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media in 1987, described its objective as follows: The new law attempted to strike a delicate balance between the FCC, local governments, and marketplace competition, where in the past, each of these entities had vied for dominance. The Cable Act was to be the solution to the ongoing problem of who, or what, should exercise the most power over local cable operations. In order to balance power between cable television operators and the government, the act established regulations regarding franchise standards and proceeds that would attempt to strengthen the development of cable systems. The act gave municipalities, governing bodies of cities and towns, principal authority to grant and renew franchise licenses for cable operations. By establishing an orderly process for franchise renewal, the act protected cable operators from unfair denials of renewal. However, in order to be granted a franchise renewal, the act specified that cable operators' past performances and future proposals had to meet the federal standards in the new title. The act was meant to reduce an unnecessary regulation that could have potentially brought about an excessive economic burden on cable systems. In return for establishing franchise standards and procedures, the act specified that cable operators were expected to be receptive to their local communities' needs and interests. Congress recognized the vital role of cable television in encouraging and providing a place for free expression. This provision assured that cable communications provide the general public with "the widest possible diversity of information sources and services." Through this statute, Congress attempted to uphold the First Amendment interest of cable audiences to receive diversified information as specified in the Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. Federal Communications Commission court case of 1969. This provision declared that state and local authorities should allow, but not mandate, that this type of information be distributed via non-commercial Public, educational, and government access (PEG) cable TV channels. Furthermore, it prohibited cable operators from exerting any type of editorial control over program content broadcast through PEG channels and freed them from any potential liability for the content. The act lifted programming rules and subscription fees. It was this provision that inspired Senator Barry Goldwater to begin his work on the Cable Communications Act of 1984. Structure The Cable Communication Act of 1984 added "Title VI—Cable Communications" to the Communications Act of 1934. The title was originally divided into the following sections: Part I—General Provisions Sec. 601. Purposes. Sec. 602. Definitions. Part II—Use of Cable Channels and Ownership Restrictions Sec. 611. Cable channels for public, educational, or government use. Sec. 612. Cable channels for commercial use. Sec. 613. Ownership restrictions. Part III—Franchising and Regulation Sec. 621. General franchise requirements. Sec. 622. Franchise fees. Sec. 623. Regulation of rates. Sec. 624. Regulation of services, facilities, and equipment. Sec. 625. Modification of franchise obligations. Sec. 626. Renewal. Sec. 627. Conditions of sale. Part IV—Miscellaneous Provisions Sec. 631. Protection of subscriber privacy. Sec. 632. Consumer protection. Sec. 633. Unauthorized reception of cable service. Sec. 634. Equal employment opportunity. Sec. 635. Judicial proceedings. Sec. 636. Coordination of Federal, State, and local authority. Sec. 637. Existing franchises. Sec. 638. Criminal and civil liability. Sec. 639. Obscene programming. History In 1972, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) issued the Third Report and Order. The order was enacted to encourage consumer choice and innovation among video devices. The regulations adopted in the order established requirements for broadband, cellular, and wireline Personal Communications Services (PCS) carriers in compliance with the assistance capability requirements prescribed by the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act. The FCC hoped that the newly adopted regulations would generate a competitive marketplace for various devices capable of accessing cable video services by allowing consumers to purchase smart video devices that were compatible with all multichannel video programming services. This would allow consumers the freedom to change service providers without changing their entertainment devices. The "Third Report and Order" resulted in the top 100 U.S. television markets providing three Public-access television channels, each for Public-access television, Educational-access, or Government-access television (GATV) (PEG) use. If demand was low for all three channels in a specific market, cable companies had the jurisdiction to supply fewer channels. At least one PEG channel was required at all times. In 1976, the regulation was expanded to include cable television systems in communities with 3,500 or more subscribers. Cable companies saw the regulation by the federal government as an unlawful intrusion into their business practices and immediately started to challenge its legality. In the court case United States v. Midwest Video Corp., the Midwest Video Corporation sued the FCC for overstepping its authority in requiring Public-access television channels. The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the FCC's requirements for local origination facilities. However, in 1979, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in favor of Midwest Video Corp. stating that the FCC's new requirements exceeded the agency's statutory powers as granted to them by Congress and as required by cable operators to provide Public-access television. The FCC was interfering with the agency's First Amendment rights. After the Supreme Court's decision, PEG advocates started work on what became the Cable Communications Act of 1984. The need for an act to determine who holds regulatory authority for cable communications was quite evident, however it took time to reach an agreement. Negotiations for the act lasted nearly two years and agreements moved back and forth between the House and the Senate. The two parties involved in the negotiations were the National League of Cities (NLC) and the National Cable & Telecommunications Association (NCTA), formerly the National Cable Television Association. These parties worked to lobby Congress for their respective members, who represented diverse populations and had firm, unyielding interests. Instead of having Congress determine the outcome of a stalemate, the two organizations tried to present a unified front. This was a strategic move meant to increase the likelihood that the bill would be passed in both the House and the Senate. The act began as bill S. 66 in the Senate where it was passed on June 14, 1983 and moved on to the House. The companion bill, H.R. 4103, in the House was passed on October 1, 1984 and returned to the Senate where modifications were made to conjoin the texts. The bill was officially passed on October 11, 1984 and signed by President Ronald Reagan on October 30, 1984. During negotiations, the agreements were voided four times. The National League of Cities (NLC) voided agreements three times because cable companies were freed from rate regulation, given renewal expectancy, and could default on promises in certain circumstances. On the other hand, the National Cable & Telecommunications Association (NTCA) voided agreements once because they felt that another Supreme Court ruling would provide the industry with better rate deregulation than under the present FCC regulations or the bill. Outcomes and debates The result of the act was an intricate, minimally influential agreement between cable operators and municipalities. It has been highly debated for its effectiveness, because evidence shows that unaffiliated television programming on leased access channels was avoided and rarely appeared. As a title of the larger Communications Act of 1934, the Cable Communications Act of 1984 has been amended and revised with the Cable Act of 1992, also referred to as Cable Television Protection and Competition Act, and the Telecommunications Act of 1996. The Cable Communications Act of 1984 had minimal advantages, because it was enacted around a strong legislative agreement between the demands of cable operators and the demands of the public. During the negotiation process, there was relatively little public participation, meaning cable consumers and public, educational, and government access (PEG) advocates were left vulnerable to cable operators' enforcement and decisions. There was dramatic growth in the cable industry once the act went into effect. However, it remained largely in the hands of few local monopolies that were able to determine the content of the programs and set the rates for services and channels on their system. These changes in authority were not immediate, but evolved over the course of a few years. Cable consumers were outraged with the increases in prices and services, whereas municipalities were annoyed with violated contracts. Many of these outcomes can be attributed to the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) interpretation of Congress' mandates, which contained poor choice of language and confusion over the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. Cable consumers' complaints about the outcomes led to policy discussions in the late eighties and early nineties in which public interest was considered but not represented. If monopolies were broken apart and competition was restored, then many of the problems would likely be resolved. Cable operators would not refuse to carry programs and services with popular demand, and prices would return to appropriate and economical rates. In order to address this problem, the Cable Television Protection and Competition Act of 1992 was passed to regulate cable television rates that cable operators charged consumers. The law, intending to grant privileges to local community members by allowing them to require PEG channels also allowed these municipalities to decide against PEG requirements. In franchise agreements, contracted between cable operators and municipalities, the municipality could specify a PEG channel requirement and later opt out of these channels, keeping the cable television franchise fees for their general fund and supplying their communities with no PEG outlets or channel capacity. Since its approval, many public-access television centers have closed as a result of the opt-out provision. Since the act prevented cable operators from regulating publicly generated content, much controversy developed around what was allowed to appear on these channels. A public-access television center in Eau Claire, Wisconsin was faulted for televising a video created by Christian Bangert, a man convicted of murdering a city police officer. The tape was shown repeatedly during Bangert's trial, and many people felt its airing was in bad taste. Across the country, controversial content such as explicit sex and promotion of Nazi groups have aired via PEG channels. Congress, in an attempt to protect viewers from indecent programming, passed the Cable Television Protection and Competition Act of 1992, which allowed the FCC to establish rules requiring cable operators to prohibit particular shows. In 1996, the U.S. Supreme Court declared that the law was unconstitutional claiming that cable operators should never be required to act on behalf of the federal government to control expression in relation to content. Commercial leased access did not provide cable subscribers with a diversity of information as it was required, because it was avoided and never mandated by local franchising authority. In the 1998 court case Time Warner Entertainment Co. vs. FCC, the court deemed the act ineffective in terms of unaffiliated programming. "The 1984 legislation did not accomplish much. Unaffiliated programming on leased channels rarely appeared." The Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act reinforced its intent that leased access to provide a diversity of information to subscribers as determined by the cable operators. The Time Warner Entertainment Co. vs. FCC court also upheld the provision mentioned above. See also Communications Act of 1934 Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992 Telecommunications Act of 1996 Public, educational, and government access (PEG) channels Public-access television Educational-access television Government-access television Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. Federal Communications Commission Barry Goldwater References External links Cable Communications Act of 1984 Communications Act of 1934 as amended by Telecommunications Act of 1996 Telecommunications Act of 1996 FCC Cable Television Fact Sheet- U.S. Public, Educational, and Governmental Access Channels ("PEG Channels") Public Access Television- Regulation and Franchising 1984 in American law 1984 in the United States American public access television Broadcast law Cable television in the United States Barry Goldwater United States federal privacy legislation United States federal communications legislation
Bab Nadan (, also Romanized as Bāb Nadān; also known as Dar-e Nedū, Darnadū’īyeh, and Dar Nedū) is a village in Jorjafak Rural District, in the Central District of Zarand County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 47, in 12 families. References Populated places in Zarand County
Kłopoty-Patry is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Siemiatycze, within Siemiatycze County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately north of Siemiatycze and south of the regional capital Białystok. References Villages in Siemiatycze County
Aka is a given name and surname. Notable people with the name include: Given name Aka Akasaka (born 1988), Japanese manga artist Aka Gündüz (1886–1958), Turkish poet, composer and politician Aka Høegh (born 1947), Greenlandic painter, graphic artist and sculptor Aka Nanitashvili, Georgian fashion designer Aka Morchiladze, Georgian writer Surname Brice Aka (born 1983), Ivorian footballer Essis Aka (born 1990), Ivorian footballer Jonathan Aka (born 1986), French basketball player Margaret Aka (born 1976), soccer player and coach from Papua New Guinea Pascal Aka (born 1985), Ivorian film director, actor, music video director and producer Véronique Aka (born 1959), Ivorian politician Wilfrid Aka (born 1979), French-born Ivorian professional basketball player
Milites Templi (Latin for "Soldiers of the Temple") was a papal bull issued by Pope Celestine II in 1144. It ordered the clergy to protect the Knights Templar and encouraged the faithful to contribute to their cause. It allowed the Templars to make their own collections once a year, even in areas under interdict. This is one of the most important papal bulls relating to the Temple, and together with Omne datum optimum (1139) and Militia Dei (1145) forms the foundation for the Order's future wealth and success. References Sources Knights Templar 1144 works 12th-century papal bulls Documents of Pope Celestine II
Limited-stage small cell lung carcinoma (LS-SCLC) is a type of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) that is confined to an area which is small enough to be encompassed within a radiation portal. This generally includes cancer to one side of the lung and those might have reached the lymph nodes on the same side of the lung. 33% patients with small cell lung cancer are diagnosed with limited-stage small cell lung carcinoma when it is first found. Common symptoms include but are not limited to persistent cough, chest pain, rust-coloured sputum, shortness of breath, fatigue, weight loss, wheezing, hoarseness and recurrent respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis. Nervous system problems, Cushing syndrome and SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone) can also be associated with small cell lung cancer. Unlike extensive-stage small cell lung cancer, limited-stage small cell lung carcinoma is potentially curable. Standard treatments consist of surgery, platinum-based combination chemotherapy, thoracic irradiation, and prophylactic cranial irradiation. Patient five-year survival rate has significantly increased from 1% with surgery to 26% after the application of combination chemotherapy. Classification Small cell lung cancer is often treated as a systematic disease due to its tendency for early dissemination, thus, instead of the traditional TNM staging system, the Veterans' Administration Lung Study Group (VALSG) introduced a simplified 2-stage system in 1950s to divide small cell lung cancer into limited stage and extensive stage. As a result of the change in policy from targeting all nodal stations by radiotherapy ports to target only obviously involved nodal stations, the definition of the limited disease varies. According to a broad medical consensus, limited-stage small cell lung carcinoma is generally considered to be encompassed within a radiation portal. Variability in categorising small-cell lung cancer as limited or extensive occurs with reference to the extent of pleural effusion and nodal stations involvement. In addition, patients with an ipsilateral pleural effusion are frequently excluded from the limited-disease category. In rare cases, patients with minimal pleural effusions are included in the limited-disease protocols; this includes those with demonstrated effusions only on chest CT, as well as those with blunting of the costophrenic angle on chest radiographs. In most cases, all patients demonstrated any positive sign of pleural effusion on any type of imaging tests are excluded. Likewise, ambiguities in the definition of limited disease also occurs in classification of the limited disease with reference to the extent of lymphadenopathy. For instance, patients with bilateral supraclavicular adenopathy are included in the limited-disease category in some cases, others include only those with ipsilateral adenopathy. Similarly, the presence of contralateral hilar adenopathy frequently, though not uniformly, includes patients in the limited-disease category. The traditional TNM classification system is preferred over the 2-stage system when surgery is the recommended treatment option. Signs and symptoms Similar to other lung cancers, according to the American Cancer Society, the most common symptoms of limited-stage of lung cancer are: Progressive and persistent cough Coughing up blood or rust-coloured sputum Shortness of breath Chest pain that is often worse with deep breathing, coughing, or laughing Weight loss and loss of appetite Fatigue New onset of wheezing Recurrent respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis In addition, patients diagnosed with small cell lung carcinoma has an increased vulnerability to nervous system problems (i.e. Lambert-Eaton syndrome, paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration), Cushing syndrome and Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti-diuretic Hormone (SIADH) and can demonstrate relevant symptoms . Diagnosis Imaging tests are often the first diagnostic step if a patient reports symptoms that may be suggestive of lung cancer. A chest x-ray is the most standard imaging test to look for any abnormality within the lung. If abnormality is present, a computed tomography (CT) scan is frequently ordered to reveal the size, shape, and position of any lung tumour and can help locate enlarged lymph nodes that might contain cancer metastasised from the lung origin. Most patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer will receive a CT scan of the chest and abdomen to search for abnormality within the lungs and lymph nodes, as well as abnormal areas in more distal organs such as adrenal glands and liver that might arise from the metastasis of lung cancer. For patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer, a positron emission tomography (PET) scan is a useful diagnostic tool to investigate the extent of lymph node involvements, which can help determine treatment options. Though results of imaging test might be suggestive of lung cancer, the actual diagnosis is made by investigating the lung cells under the microscope via lab tests. The cells can be obtained from lung secretions (sputum cytology), fluid removed from pleural effusion (thoracentesis), or from a suspicious area (needle biopsy). Treatment The standard treatments of limited-stage small cell lung cancer are surgery, platinum-based combination chemotherapy, thoracic irradiation, and prophylactic cranial irradiation. Surgery Up until the late 1960s, surgical resection remained as the mainstay treatment for both limited and extensive small cell lung cancer. The principle of surgical resection in limited‐stage small cell lung carcinoma aimed to remove all viable tumors with curative intent. Consideration of surgery is recommended for Stage 1 limited-stage small cell lung cancer patient with a solitary nodule, no hilar or mediastinal involvement, absence of distant metastases, and no contraindications to surgery classified by the TNM staging system. Surgery is normally followed by chemotherapy. In cases where tumour were found in the lymph nodes, radiation therapy to the chest is usually advised after resection. The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) Lung Cancer Staging Project demonstrated five‐year survival rates after resection as below: Chemoradiotherapy According to a broad medical consensus, the current standard treatment for fit patients is concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is a combination of chemotherapy and thoracic irradiation. To rapidly counter the fast-growing tumour, chemotherapy is often initiated first by physicians. Limited stage small cell lung cancer is sensitive to chemotherapy and a rapid response is often observed. Thoracic radiotherapy generally begins with the first or second cycle when chemotherapy is used according to most guidelines. The time between the start and the end of chemoradiotherapy is a predicator of survival in limited stage small cell lung cancer, prolongation leads to a decrease in overall survival of 1.9% per week. Early concurrent radiochemotherapy may not be suitable for all patients. A deferred start of concurrent chemotherapy or even a sequential treatment is recommended for patients with large tumour volumes and poor fitness status. This is because early radiotherapy may increase acute and late toxicities. Depend on the size of the tumour, an increase in treatment dose may be required for large tumours, but the dosage can be reduced if initial chemotherapy shrinks the tumour to reduce late toxicities. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy also remains the mainstay treatment for patients aged 70 years or more and showed a survival benefits when compared to sequential chemoradiotherapy. Chemotherapy Combined use of Cisplatin and Etoposide has become the first-line chemotherapy for limited-stage small cell lung cancer since 1980s. Carboplatin can also be used as a substitute when patient is intolerant of cisplatin. Other chemotherapy regimens including Paclitaxel and Topoisomerase I Inhibitors: Topotecan (Hycamtin) and Irinotecan (Camptosar) also reported significant response against limited-stage small-cell carcinoma during clinical trials. The optimal timing of concurrent chemoradiotherapy is during the first or second cycle. Commonly used radiation schedule and dose are either 1.5 Gy twice daily to a total of 45 Gy or 1.8–2.0 Gy daily to a total dose of 60–70 Gy. High-dose chemotherapy using cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, and carmustine with hematologic stem-cell support or marrow support on patients aged 60 years or younger who had achieved complete or partial remission with conventional induction chemotherapy also showed significant increase in five-year survival rate to 41% - 53%. Thoracic irradiation Once daily radiotherapy with 66 Gy and twice-daily with 70 Gy remains two standard treatments for fit patients. Both regimens may be considered depending on the patient's preference. The treatment volume covers the primary tumour and the involved lymph nodes. Prophylactic cranial irradiation One of the negative impacts of thoracic radiotherapy on patients of limited-stage small cell lung carcinoma is the risk of developing brain metastasis. The risk is positively correlated with the size of tumour. Prophylactic cranial irradiation is found to be beneficial in decrease central nervous system recurrence and increase disease-free survival. The risk of brain relapse in limited-stage small cell lung carcinoma is 50% to 60% without prophylactic cranial irradiation. Administration of prophylactic cranial irradiation increased 3-year survival from 15.3% to 20.7%. Standard radiation schedule of prophylactic cranial irradiation for limited stage small cell lung cancer patients is 25 Gy delivered at 2.5 Gy per fraction per day or 30 Gy delivered at 2 Gy per fraction per day. Prognosis Unlike extensive-stage small cell lung cancer, limited-stage small cell lung cancer is potentially curable. In limited small cell lung cancer, the median overall survival time is approximately 12–16 months, with five year survival rate of approximately 26% and long-term survival rate of approximately 4–5%. According to multiple studies, common prognostic factors of limited stage small cell lung cancer lies in performance status, age, life expectancy, comorbidities, extent of disease and smoking. Continued cigarette smoking negatively impacts limited-stage small cell lung cancer survival. All clinicians and care providers should strongly encourage smoking cessation at the diagnosis of limited stage small cell lung cancer. Comparing to continued smokers, patients who quit at or after diagnosis lower the risk of death by 45%. References Causes of death Health effects of tobacco Carcinoma Cytopathology
Vidmantas is a Lithuanian masculine given name and may refer to the following individuals: Vidmantas Bačiulis (born 1940), Lithuanian screenwriter, film and TV film director Vidmantas Bartulis (1954–2020), Lithuanian composer Vidmantas Jažauskas (born 1961), Lithuanian painter, book illustrator, poet and social activist Vidmantas Jusionis (born 1961), Lithuanian painter Vidmantas Mališauskas (born 1963), Lithuanian chess Grandmaster Vidmantas Plečkaitis (born 1957), Lithuanian painter, artist, public figure and politician Vidmantas Povilionis (born 1948), Lithuanian politician Vidmantas Vyšniauskas (born 1969), Lithuanian football midfielder Vidmantas Žiemelis (born 1950), Lithuanian politician Lithuanian masculine given names Masculine given names
Hadenoecini is a tribe of cave crickets in the family Rhaphidophoridae. There are two genera and nine described species. It is sometimes considered a synonym of the subfamily Dolichopodainae. They are pale and spider-like, occurring in forests and caves in the eastern United States. They are sometimes referred to as white cave-crickets. Genera Two genera are included in the tribe Hadenoecini. Euhadenoecus Hubbell, 1978 Hadenoecus Scudder, 1863 References Rhaphidophoridae Orthoptera tribes Articles created by Qbugbot
Balatonkeresztúr is a village in Somogy county, Hungary. The settlement is part of the Balatonboglár wine region. Etymology According to the local tradition, the village's name comes from the crossing of roads (). However, the more well-accepted theory states that, like many other villages in Somogy County, Balatonkeresztúr was named after the patron of its church, in this case, Szent Kereszt (). History According to László Szita, the settlement was completely Hungarian in the 18th century. Culture The Hungarian folk song Szép a huszár, ha felül a lovára was collected in 1923 in Balatonkeresztúr by Lajos Bárdos. External links Street map (Hungarian) References Populated places in Somogy County
Lucens () is a municipality in the Broye-Vully district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. In 2017 the former municipalities of Brenles, Chesalles-sur-Moudon, Cremin, Forel-sur-Lucens and Sarzens merged into the municipality of Lucens. History Lucens is first mentioned in 964 as in villa Losingus. It was formerly known by the German name Losingen. In 1969 the Lucens reactor, an underground nuclear reactor, began operations. It was a pilot project to test a heavy-water moderated, carbon dioxide gas-cooled reactor. Soon after the initial start up, an undetected blockage in one of the cooling pipes led to a partial fuel meltdown and massive radioactive contamination of the underground site. Following the accident, the reactor was decommissioned and the cavern was then sealed. No humans were irradiated in the accident. Geography After the 2017 merger Lucens had an area of . Before the merger Lucens had an area, (as of the 2004/09 survey) of . Of this area, about 42.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 36.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 18.0% is settled (buildings or roads) and 2.3% is unproductive land. In the 2013/18 survey a total of or about 12.0% of the total area was covered with buildings, an increase of over the 1981 amount. Over the same time period, the amount of recreational space in the municipality decreased by and is now about 0.38% of the total area. Of the agricultural land, is used for orchards and vineyards, is fields and grasslands. Since 1981 the amount of agricultural land has decreased by . Over the same time period the amount of forested land has decreased by . Rivers and lakes cover in the municipality. The municipality was part of the Moudon District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Lucens became part of the new district of Broye-Vully. The municipality is located along the left bank of the Broye. The municipality of Oulens-sur-Lucens will merge on 1 July 2011 into the municipality of Lucens. Coat of arms The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Per bend Argent and Gules, overall a Sun in his splendour Or. Demographics Lucens has a population () of . , 31.2% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009) the population has changed at a rate of 12.2%. It has changed at a rate of 10.8% due to migration and at a rate of 1.5% due to births and deaths. Most of the population () speaks French (1,822 or 82.0%), with Italian being second most common (111 or 5.0%) and Albanian being third (77 or 3.5%). There are 44 people who speak German and 4 people who speak Romansh. Of the population in the municipality 575 or about 25.9% were born in Lucens and lived there in 2000. There were 565 or 25.4% who were born in the same canton, while 354 or 15.9% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 644 or 29.0% were born outside of Switzerland. In there were 19 live births to Swiss citizens and 10 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 21 deaths of Swiss citizens and 1 non-Swiss citizen death. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 2 while the foreign population increased by 9. There were 3 Swiss men and 10 Swiss women who immigrated back to Switzerland. At the same time, there were 22 non-Swiss men and 25 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 69 and the non-Swiss population decreased by 8 people. This represents a population growth rate of 2.7%. The age distribution, , in Lucens is; 256 children or 11.1% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 284 teenagers or 12.3% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 284 people or 12.3% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 334 people or 14.4% are between 30 and 39, 371 people or 16.0% are between 40 and 49, and 275 people or 11.9% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 252 people or 10.9% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 158 people or 6.8% are between 70 and 79, there are 83 people or 3.6% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 19 people or 0.8% who are 90 and older. , there were 880 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 1,073 married individuals, 148 widows or widowers and 120 individuals who are divorced. , there were 913 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.3 persons per household. There were 312 households that consist of only one person and 69 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 939 households that answered this question, 33.2% were households made up of just one person and there were 7 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 244 married couples without children, 301 married couples with children. There were 37 single parents with a child or children. There were 12 households that were made up of unrelated people and 26 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing. there were 217 single family homes (or 50.2% of the total) out of a total of 432 inhabited buildings. There were 109 multi-family buildings (25.2%), along with 58 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (13.4%) and 48 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (11.1%). Of the single family homes 46 were built before 1919, while 12 were built between 1990 and 2000. The most multi-family homes (42) were built before 1919 and the next most (18) were built between 1961 and 1970. There was 1 multi-family house built between 1996 and 2000. there were 1,078 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 3 rooms of which there were 328. There were 94 single room apartments and 198 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 886 apartments (82.2% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 124 apartments (11.5%) were seasonally occupied and 68 apartments (6.3%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 1.3 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 0%. The historical population is given in the following chart: Heritage sites of national significance Lucens Castle is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance. The entire town of Lucens is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites. Politics In the 2015 federal election the most popular party was the SVP with 29.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (25.6%), the FDP (22.4%) and the GPS (9.5%). In the federal election, a total of 542 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 34.6%. In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 29.38% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (26.59%), the FDP (20.05%) and the Green Party (8.56%). In the federal election, a total of 494 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 41.2%. Economy Lucens is an industrial community, or a municipality where manufacturing provides over a quarter of all jobs. , there were a total of 1,176 people employed in the municipality. Of these, a total of 23 people worked in 10 businesses in the primary economic sector. The secondary sector employed 620 workers in 47 separate businesses. A minority (19.5%) of the secondary sector employees worked in very small businesses. There were 7 small businesses with a total of 185 employees and 3 mid sized businesses with a total of 314 employees. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 533 jobs in 123 businesses. There were 4 small businesses with a total of 142 employees and one mid sized business with a total of 92 employees. In 2014 a total of 10.7% of the population received social assistance. the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 791. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 7, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 530 of which 361 or (68.1%) were in manufacturing and 153 (28.9%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 254. In the tertiary sector; 70 or 27.6% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 24 or 9.4% were in the movement and storage of goods, 32 or 12.6% were in a hotel or restaurant, 5 or 2.0% were the insurance or financial industry, 16 or 6.3% were technical professionals or scientists, 35 or 13.8% were in education and 48 or 18.9% were in health care. , there were 464 workers who commuted into the municipality and 609 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.3 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 7.6% used public transportation to get to work, and 64.8% used a private car. Religion From the , 859 or 38.7% were Roman Catholic, while 802 or 36.1% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 8 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.36% of the population), there were 9 individuals (or about 0.41% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 61 individuals (or about 2.75% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who was Jewish, and 199 (or about 8.96% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 2 individuals who were Buddhist and 2 individuals who belonged to another church. 126 (or about 5.67% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 152 individuals (or about 6.84% of the population) did not answer the question. Education In Lucens about 705 or (31.7%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 148 or (6.7%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 148 who completed tertiary schooling, 57.4% were Swiss men, 21.6% were Swiss women, 13.5% were non-Swiss men and 7.4% were non-Swiss women. In the 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 278 students in the Lucens school district. In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts. During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 155 children of which 83 children (53.5%) received subsidized pre-school care. The canton's primary school program requires students to attend for four years. There were 129 students in the municipal primary school program. The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 139 students in those schools. There were also 10 students who were home schooled or attended another non-traditional school. Lucens is home to 1 museum, the Musée Sherlock Holmes. In 2009 the Musée Sherlock Holmes was visited by 1,359 visitors (the average in previous years was 1,373). , there were 134 students in Lucens who came from another municipality, while 61 residents attended schools outside the municipality. Transportation The municipality has a railway station, , on the Palézieux–Lyss railway line. It has regular service to , , , and . Crime In 2014 the crime rate, of the over 200 crimes listed in the Swiss Criminal Code (running from murder, robbery and assault to accepting bribes and election fraud), in Lucens was 58.8 per thousand residents. This rate is only 61.3% of the cantonal rate and about the same as the national rate (64.6). During the same period, the rate of drug crimes was 2.5 per thousand residents. This rate is only 25.3% of the national rate. The rate of violations of immigration, visa and work permit laws was 1.3 per thousand residents. This rate is only 26.5% of the rate for the entire country. References External links Cultural property of national significance in the canton of Vaud
Little Ladies of the Night is a 1977 American made-for-television drama film starring David Soul, Louis Gossett Jr. and Linda Purl. When it was broadcast, it became the highest-rated TV movie of all time. Cast David Soul as Lyle York Louis Gossett Jr. as Russ Garfield Linda Purl as Hailey Atkins Clifton Davis as Comfort Carolyn Jones as Marilyn Atkins Paul Burke as Frank Atkins Lana Wood as Maureen Kathleen Quinlan as Karen Brodwick Vic Tayback as Finch Katherine Helmond as Miss Colby Dorothy Malone as Maggie Bibi Osterwald as Matron Production The film was one of a series of TV movies about teen prostitutes which followed Taxi Driver, another being Dawn: Portrait of a Teenage Runaway. Reception The Los Angeles Times thought it had "wavering credibility". It was the highest-rated program of its night, with a 36.9 rating and 53 share, seen by 26,270,000 households. ABC claimed this made it the highest-rated TV movie of all time as it surpassed the 36.5 average rating for Helter Skelter (although the second part of Helter Skelter had a higher rating of 37.5). The rating for a made-for-TV movie was only bettered by 1983's The Day After. At the time of its broadcast, it was the twelfth-highest-rated movie to air on network television. References External links 1970s American films 1977 drama films 1977 films 1977 television films ABC network original films American drama television films films about child prostitution films about prostitution in the United States films directed by Marvin J. Chomsky films produced by Aaron Spelling
The 1980–81 Marquette Warriors men's basketball team represented Marquette University during the 1980–81 men's college basketball season. The Warriors finished the regular season with a record of 19–11. Roster Schedule Team players drafted into the NBA External links MUScoop's MUWiki References Marquette Marquette Golden Eagles men's basketball seasons Marquette Marquette Marquette
The Men's Individual Time Trial at the 2003 UCI Road World Championships was the 10th edition of the event. The race took place on 9 October 2003 in Hamilton, Canada. The race was initially won by David Millar of Great Britain. Following Millar's confession of doping, the win was attributed to Michael Rogers of Australia. Final classification References Men's Time Trial UCI Road World Championships – Men's time trial
Ailuroedus is a genus of birds in the bowerbird family, Ptilonorhynchidae, native to forests in Australia and New Guinea. The common name, catbird, refers to these species' "wailing cat-like calls". The scientific name Ailuroedus is derived from the Greek 'ailouros', meaning cat, and 'eidos', referring to form (or perhaps from oaidos, singer). Description Catbirds are characterize by ivory-colored bill with the hooked maxilla, large head, green dorsal plumage, ventral spotting, powerful grasping claws and fig-eating habit. In contrast to the other genera within the Ptilonorhynchidae family, all of the Ailuroedus catbirds lack marked sexual dimorphism, are pair bonded, monogamous breeders, with both parents caring for the offspring. They form pair bonds in which the male helps to build the nest, and have simple arboreal chasing displays, without bowers or stages. Taxonomy Traditionally, the Ailuroedus catbirds were classified as three species. However, a phylogenetic and morphological paper by Irestedt et al. (2015). revealed seven new species, leading to a total of ten distinct species. In the same study, the results confirm that the catbirds are divided into two major clades, a lowland group consisting of the New Guinean white-eared catbird, and a mid-mountain clade including the black-eared catbird and the Australian green catbird. Species Ochre-breasted catbird (Ailuroedus stonii) White-eared catbird (Ailuroedus buccoides) Tan-capped catbird (Ailuroedus geislerorum) Green catbird (Ailuroedus crassirostris) Spotted catbird (Ailuroedus maculosus) Huon catbird (Ailuroedus astigmaticus) Black-capped catbird (Ailuroedus melanocephalus) Northern catbird (Ailuroedus jobiensis) Arfak catbird (Ailuroedus arfakianus) Black-eared catbird (Ailuroedus melanotis) References Bird genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
George Moran may refer to: Bugs Moran (1892–1957), Chicago Prohibition-era gangster George Moran (comedian) (1881–1949), minstrel show performer and character actor in films, often as Native Americans
Joseph Vidal (5 March 1933 – 9 July 2020) was a French politician. In 2002, he became a Knight of the Legion of Honour. References 1933 births 2020 deaths
Hollywood Houselift with Jeff Lewis is an American reality television series hosted by Jeff Lewis. It premiered on Amazon Freevee on June 10, 2022. Season 2 was announced October 11, 2023 by Amazon Studios, and will premiere with two episodes on December 6, 2023 on Amazon Freevee. Summary The series follows interior designer Jeff Lewis and his assistant Shane Douglas as they work on home remodeling projects for Hollywood celebrities. The show is executive produced by Lewis, Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan, with Billy Taylor as the showrunner. It is Lewis's first TV series since Flipping Out, which ran on Bravo from 2007 to 2018. Cast Jeff Lewis Shane Douglas Anthony Anderson Wilmer Valderrama Fortune Feimster Melissa Rivers Evan Ross Ashlee Simpson Mira Sorvino Lamorne Morris Roselyn Sanchez Episodes Release The trailer for the series was released on May 2, 2022. The first three episodes of the series premiered on Amazon Freevee on June 10, 2022, with a new episode made available every Friday through July 29, 2022. Reception Nina Metz of the Chicago Tribune rated the series 3 out of 4 stars and called it "fascinating," writing, "No matter the personal style - austere, expensive minimalism or over-the-top everything - all of it is ostentatious and fascinating and says so much about how the 1% spend their wealth. This is the primary appeal of 'Hollywood Houselift with Jeff Lewis.'" Rachel Shatto of The Advocate called the series "a welcome return to form" for Lewis, adding that it "functions more like a sequel to Bravo's Flipping Out than a reboot." References External links English-language television shows 2022 American television series debuts 2020s American reality television series Home renovation television series
Institut interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (IIAC, stylised iiac; in English Interdisciplinary Institute of Contemporary Anthropology) is a French anthropological research centre institutionally linked to the EHESS and to the CNRS. The centre is composed of four main research units: Edgar Morin Centre Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture Laboratoire d'anthropologie des institutions et des organisations sociales Anthropologie de l'écriture See also Centre national de la recherche scientifique École des hautes études en sciences sociales External links Social science research institutes Research institutes in France French National Centre for Scientific Research
Coleomegilla maculata, commonly known as the spotted lady beetle, pink spotted lady beetle or twelve-spotted lady beetle, is a large coccinellid beetle native to North America. The adults and larvae feed primarily on aphids and the species has been used as a biological control agent. Based on name connotation and to avoid confusion with other species also called "spotted ladybeetle", spotted pink ladybeetle is probably the most appropriate common name for this species. Description This is generally an oblong, flattened lady beetle species averaging about six millimetres long. Over most of its range the species is pink in coloration, except for subspecies fuscilabris which is bright orange or red. Each elytron features 6 black markings. The thorax is a similar shade of red with two large triangular black patches. Similarity is most apparent with the seaside lady beetle, but that species is limited to coastal habitats and features much larger black markings. In that species the apical pair of spots on the wing covers as well as the pronotum markings are merged, unlike Coleomegilla maculata. The larvae resemble miniature alligators and are dark coloured. They have three pairs of legs and grow to about six millimetres long. The eggs are spindle shaped and laid upright in groups near potential prey. Life cycle A female beetle may lay between 200 and 1,000 eggs in groups of 8-15 in protected sites on stems and leaves over a three-month period. The larvae actively seek out prey and may travel as far as twelve metres in their search for food. The larvae grow rapidly, moulting four times before attaching themselves by the abdomen to a leaf or other surface to pupate. The adult beetles emerge from three to twelve days later depending on the temperature. There are two to five generations per year. This species is most abundant in September when they congregate before mating and winter hibernation. They overwinter in large aggregations in leaf litter, under stones and in other protected sites at the edge of fields and hedgerows. They emerge in spring and look for suitable prey and egg laying sites in nearby crops, often dispersing by walking along the ground. Habitat These lady beetles can be seen wherever the insects on which they prey are found. Crops which support aphid populations include wheat, sorghum, sweet corn, alfalfa, soybeans, peas, beans, cotton, potatoes, brassicaceous crops, tomatoes, asparagus and apples. Besides aphids, they include in their diet adelgids, mites, insect eggs (an example is fall webworm eggs) and small larvae. They also eat pollen which may constitute up to 50% of their food intake, nectar, water and honeydew. When normal prey is scarce, both adults and larvae sometimes exhibit cannibalistic tendencies, eating eggs, larvae and pupae of their own species. Research It has been found experimentally that interplanting a crop susceptible to aphid attack with a flowering plant such as the dandelion, Taraxacum officinale, encouraged predation on aphids because the spotted lady beetles were attracted to their pollen-rich flowers. The spotted lady beetle commonly oviposits on the native weed, Acalypha ostryifolia, when it grows near sweet corn crops in Kentucky. A research study showed that the insect favoured the weed over the corn even though it housed no prey insects. The first instar larvae fell from the weed plants and crawled across the soil for a distance of up to eight metres a day before ascending a sweet corn plant or another weed plant. The presence of this weed, in close proximity to the crop, resulted in more beetle larvae on the crop than was the case when the weed was absent. Research showed that spotted lady beetle larvae were an important cause of natural mortality for Helicoverpa zea eggs on sweet corn. A study identified the spotted lady beetle as a significant predator of the eggs of the European corn borer, Pyrausta nubilalis, with consumption averaging sixty eggs per day. Another study has shown that the spotted lady beetle reduced populations of eggs and small larvae of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, on potatoes and that the rate of consumption was highly correlated with the air temperature. Biological control Manipulative biological control aims to make use of the lady beetles already present in the environment by making conditions as favorable as possible for them and by avoiding spraying chemicals that will interfere with their predation. Augmentative biological control recognises that lady beetles may be present but may be insufficient in numbers to control the pest species and seeks to make up this deficit. Classical biological control seeks to introduce a species that is not already present in the environment in the hope that it will become established and eventually control the pest. Supplies of the spotted lady beetle are available commercially for this purpose. References External links BugGuide: Spotted Lady Beetle Coccinellidae Insects used as insect pest control agents Biological pest control beetles Beetles described in 1775 Taxa named by Charles De Geer
"Gypsy (Of a Strange and Distant Time)" is a 1969 song by the progressive rock band the Moody Blues, from their album To Our Children's Children's Children, a concept album about space travel. The song was written by band-member Justin Hayward. Reviewing the album for AllMusic, Bruce Eder said: "There are no extended suites on this album, but Justin Hayward's "Watching and Waiting" and "Gypsy" have proved to be among the most popular songs in the group's history." Personnel Justin Hayward – vocals, acoustic and electric guitars John Lodge – bass guitar, backing vocals Mike Pinder – Mellotron, backing vocals Ray Thomas – bass flute, backing vocals Graeme Edge – drums, percussion References External links 1969 songs The Moody Blues songs Songs written by Justin Hayward
Barry Grant is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera Brookside, played by Paul Usher. The character debuted on-screen during the first episode of Brookside, broadcast on 2 November 1982. Barry is one of the show's original characters and the only character to appear in the first and final episodes of Brookside. Usher decided to leave Brookside in 1984, but returned the following year and remained a regular cast member until 1995. He then returned for guest stints in 1997 and 2003. Actor Joe McGann was originally cast as Barry, but when McGann failed to gain an actors equity card, producers decided to recast the role to Usher. Barry is characterised as a "hard man" and constant law breaker. Writers transformed Barry into Brookside's long-standing villainous character. Despite his hard man characterisation, Barry has a special relationship with his mother Sheila Grant (Sue Johnston). He would do anything to protect Sheila and to the extent that it created problems with his father Bobby Grant (Ricky Tomlinson). In his early years, writers portrayed a close friendship and double-act between Barry and Terry Sullivan (Brian Regan). Writers ended this when they created an affair between Barry and Terry's wife, Sue Sullivan (Annie Miles). Producers then turned Barry into a murderer when he kills Sue and her young son Danny, by pushing them off a scaffolding. The story helped celebrate Brookside's 1000th episode and was played out as a "whodunit" story, with viewers initially unaware that Barry was responsible. Another notable plot included scenes in which Barry threatens to kill a dog. The story created controversy with viewer complaints and news stories. Other stories include his association with gangster Tommy McArdle (Malcolm Tierney), his relationship with Tracy Corkhill (Justine Kerrigan) and her subsequent pregnancy. The character has proved popular with television critics and journalists, who often commented on Barry's numerous crimes and "bad boy" persona. Usher's performance was so memorable that Barry was still critiqued twenty years after Brookside was cancelled by Channel 4. Casting Actor Joe McGann was originally chosen to play the role of Barry. Brookside creator and executive producer Phil Redmond began workshopping the original cast, to see which actors built a rapport and could work well together on-screen. Only Sue Johnston was informed in advance of other cast members that she had secured a role but remained unaware as to which character she would play. All successful actors were invited to another audition on the Brookside set to perform improvisations in familial groups. McGann, Johnston, Ricky Tomlinson, Simon O'Brien and Shelagh O'Hara were grouped together and informed they were successful and would portray the Grant family. McGann was refused an actors equity card and producers had to recast the role with Paul Usher. Usher received a letter inviting him to audition for the role of Barry. He attended three auditions and was successful in gaining the role after McGann could not continue. Usher was unemployed at the time of his audition. He told Richard McLaren from TV Guide that he was "desperate to work" and "went a bit over the top" in his first audition. Usher did not know anything about the role but they told him to sit down and talk about "thieving and robbing gear". Usher found the subjects easy and he won the role. On his first day of filming he feared that producers would drop him from the show. He told McLaren "I didn't really know what the part was about." Usher was the only cast member to appear in the first and last episodes of Brookside. Development Characterisation When the series begins, Barry is in his mid-twenties and lives with his family consisting of his mother Sheila Grant (Johnston), father Bobby Grant (Ricky Tomlinson) and his two younger siblings Karen Grant (O'Hara) and Damon Grant (O'Brien). Prior to the series' debut, Channel 4 publicity described Barry as a twenty-three year old "football fanatic and a carpenter on a building site. He has a reputation as a hard-man." Barry is portrayed as different from the rest of his family. Early on in his story Barry gets involved in law-breaking scams, yet his mother, who is a devout Catholic is willing to ignore his behaviour. In the book Brookside: The Official Companion, show creator, Redmond explained that there was a special relationship between the two. Barry would do anything for Sheila to the extent it creates conflict with his father, Bobby. Writers portrayed Barry helping Sheila overcome her rape ordeal. He takes her shopping and encourages her to be brave. Bobby becomes more jealous of their bond because he had failed to help Sheila deal with her attack. Barry and Bobby find it difficult to tolerate one another and the latter views his son as a jobless "layabout". He believes that Barry has succumbed to Conservative propaganda and should find work and stop gallivanting. Barry rarely speaks to his father unless it is to argue with him. Bobby is a socialist and thinks that Barry's generation lack commitment. They are both jealous of one another's relationships with Sheila and writers often used it to create tension between them. Redmond wrote that "Sigmund Freud would have had a field day" studying the dynamic between the three characters. Barry is characterised as a "nihilist" and the type to start a fight with anyone who questions his behaviour. Barry's association with gangster Tommy McArdle (Malcolm Tierney) during 1984 created problems for the Grants. Barry had nearly been caught committing crimes and his deals with Tommy brought his family "pain and despair". After five years on-screen, writers began to humanise Barry more. Redmond described a more "thoughtful and conscience" Barry, who had "mellowed with age". The change did not last as Barry became a source of evil in storylines. Originally depicted as Sheila's protector and a "Jack the lad" type character, with money making scams alongside his best friend Terry Sullivan (Brian Regan). Barry viewed himself as a "hard case" always willing to defend his family using violence. Stories which involved Barry with serious gangsters such as Tommy and Sizzler (Renny Krupinski) transformed the character into a sinister one. Usher was delighted with the changes and thought it made the character more complex. He told Geoff Tibballs, author of Brookside - The First Ten Years, that "I'm glad we're seeing the nasty side of Barry Grant, I wanted to make him more evil. He's a more interesting character than just a Mammy's boy." Writers had made him a "man of power" and to facilitate this they made him a property owner, purchasing the shops on Brookside Parade. The power Barry gains corrupts him and with stories involving shot gun toting threats and murder, they showed he was unpleasant and nasty. Barry became self-serving and bitter towards Sheila for moving in with Billy Corkhill (John McArdle). Another showing of his newfound wealth was having a celebrity opening of his restaurant. Producers hired Paul O'Grady for a cameo appearance as his drag queen persona Lily Savage for the opening. Brookside producer Mal Young revealed that Usher was vocal about Barry's transformation into a "shady businessman". They changed his appearance opting to dress him in suits rather than jeans. However, Young was careful not to lose Barry's early characterisation entirely. He added "we've done it without losing the heart of Barry Grant. He's still Sheila Grant's son, the lad from Liverpool." Usher too was still wary of not losing Barry's conscience and wanted writers to showcase it more often. He explained that Barry is "very lonely and I reckon he goes through hell." Usher also believed that Barry "suffers" emotionally when he commits serious crimes. In 1994, Young said that Barry represented ten years of Margaret Thatcher's Britain. At time's Barry's characterisation made him Brookside's "hate figure". Usher told Jane Cameron from TV Quick that "at least it shows the audience think about him. Barry succeeds because he provokes a negative reaction." Dog threat controversy Brookside's creator and producer Phil Redmond wanted the show to include dramatic and controversial content. He also wanted a new story to get the public talking about Brookside again. He made a conscious effort to transform Barry from low level crook to full time gangster. Redmond decided a good was to portray Barry's descent into serious crime was to have him kidnap a pet dog belonging to an amusement arcade owner, Ma Johnson (Mary Cunningham). She owed money for protection and Barry kidnaps the dog with a sinister threat. Sizzler forces Barry to threaten to decapitate the dog unless Ma Johnson pays the money. Redmond wanted the storyline to show that Sizzler was evil and out to hurt people. He believed that viewers found Sizzler comical and entertaining and that the dog scenes would rectify that. Redmond explained that it was controversial because animal abuse is frowned upon in British society. It was so controversial that most of those at Mersey TV fought with Redmond over the issue. When Redmond pitched his idea at a storyline conference, his team of writers rejected it and claimed it would not be possible to show a dog being killed on television. Redmond ignored their protests and went ahead with his plans. He added that writers just wanted to frighten the dog instead. Redmond said the plot was inspired by the film, The Godfather, which includes an infamous scene a gangster removes a horses head in revenge. He believed that Sizzler would own the film on video and think it was a brilliant idea to copy in his own revenge plan. Barry Woodward was tasked with writing the scenes and included the discussion of the gruesome act in his draft. When admin typed the episode up, they were unhappy with it and complained to Redmond. He told them to mind their own business. Then at rehearsals, the director tried to remove the scene. The cast then expressed their disapproval but Redmond remained adamant, but they tried again to stop the scene on the day of location filming. Then during the editing process, the scene was deleted. They had to re-edit it in and it was sent to Channel 4, who telephoned Redmond with their worries. He managed to talk them around and the episode was broadcast. The scene in which Barry threatens the dog formed the cliff-hanger of the Friday night episode and complaints about the show were made. Redmond recalled that it was "expected" from "dog obsessed Britain". However, more people complained about the storyline than they did about Sheila's rape storyline. The next episode was not broadcast until days later, which revealed the dogs fate as Barry spares its life. Redmond recalled that "We showed that even hard-hearted Barry couldn't bring himself to harm a dog." Redmond found it difficult to deal with the fallout from the storyline. He claimed that a woman spoke to Brookside's head of publicity daily following the broadcast. He soon tired of her complaining and asked if she had seen the film, The Godfather. The woman claimed it was her favourite film but refused to accept any comparison between the two. She believed that killing a pet dog was worse than killing a horse. In 1999, Redmond recalled "I will now admit publicly, was a deliberate injection of shock therapy to a storyline chronicling Barry Grant's descent into serious crime. It was designed to remind viewers that although Barry was a loveable rogue and the gangsters he was involved with at the time were an entertaining bunch, he was still about to sell his soul to the devil." Departure (1984) In November 1984, Peter Holt from the Evening Standard reported that Usher had decided to leave Brookside to concentrate on his music career. They added that he would depart during the following Christmas episodes. Usher had also tired of the role and the public thinking he was similar to Barry. Usher told an Eleanor Levy from the Record Mirror that "I think I've just exhausted the character, the part's already there, it's written for you and there's nothing really to test your acting ability." In an interview with McLaren (TV Guide), Usher stated that he was exhausted because of the role and would not bother changing out of Barry's costumes when he got home. Barry's departure storyline featured Barry moving to live in the city of Wolverhampton. However, the actor returned to filming and re-joined the regular cast within one year. Usher later revealed that he had negotiated his contract with producers to include more holiday time. Each year Usher was allowed to have three months off and writers would send Barry overseas on a "dodgy business trip". Usher later stated that "it's hard work playing Barry and without taking a break each year, I wouldn't have been able to carry on for as long as I have." Who killed Sue & Danny? Barry begins an affair with Terry's wife Sue Sullivan (Annie Miles). Brookside fans reacted well to Barry and Sue's romance and viewership ratings began to rise. Mal Young decided to kill off Sue in a mystery whodunit murder storyline, following Miles' decision to leave the series. Brookside was nearing its 1000th episode and the production team wanted to create a memorable story to coincide with it. In addition, Young decided to kill off Sue's young son, Danny. Killing a child on-screen was controversial and had not been done before on a British soap opera. When the story was first pitched to writers, they believed it was too risky and they did not want to proceed. Young liked the reaction and decided that it would maximise interest in the show as they took it into the 1990s. To further add to the interest, Young wanted a "whodunit" narrative to keep the audience guessing. Only Young and Redmond knew that Sue and Danny would be murdered by Barry. They kept his identity a secret from Usher, the rest of the cast and the film crew. Young believed that in doing so, the story retained its authenticity as a mystery plot. The characters of Barry, Terry and Graeme Curtis were all dressed in white t-shirts, jeans and trainers. This narrowed the murderer down but kept the audience guessing. Sue and Danny's death occurs after they are pushed from a scaffolding. When the scenes were filmed, a shot of Sue being grabbed showed that Barry could be the killer. A view of the killer's legs was included to allude that Terry was the killer. Then a scene showing a telephone revealed that it could have been Graeme. In addition an extra matching their physicality was filmed climbing stairs in-case it was a completely different character. This confused the crew, who demanded to know who Sue's killer was. Young did not reveal the culprit because he believed that the actor would portray their character more sinisterly. Young and Redmond knew the whodunit story would create increased complaints and fan mail. It was so successful that viewers had become invested in solving the mystery themselves. When the episode was broadcast, viewers recorded the episode and replayed it to try and identify the killer. Young received eighty letters who spotted that the jeans were Terry's and believed it could not have been Barry. Some viewers also printed off freeze-frames of what they believed the killer was wearing. Despite their findings, Young remained adamant that Barry would be revealed as Sue and Danny's killer. When Barry was eventually revealed as the culprit, some viewers refused to accept it. Choosing Barry had worried Young because he feared the viewers would hate Barry. Viewers wrote in calling Barry a "bastard" but they often expressed their desire for him to remain in the show. Young told Tibballs that "I was concerned about how you retain sympathy for a murderer. People said he must be caught and put away, justice must be seen to be done. But it's a fact of life that murderers are walking around free. We always aim to be realistic so I thought, 'let's go for it'." Usher was also nervous about the reaction he would get from the general public. He had reservations about Barry murdering a child and asked Young if he was sure he wanted to proceed. Young added that the viewer reaction proved he made the correct decision and called Barry "an enigma" and likened him to the fictional character J. R. Ewing, who viewers love to hate. The story had longevity providing Barry with related stories in the following years. On example was Barry's disgruntled lover Fran Pearson (Julie Peasgood) informing Terry that Barry had an affair with Sue. The revelation was long-awaited and producers wanted dramatic scenes for the reveal episodes. The main episode numbered 1049 became one of the show's most problematic. Young had envisioned violent reaction from Terry. His retaliation initially included throwing a chip pan of hot fat over Barry and threatening him with a knife. A series of blunders and objections from Channel 4 caused the content to change. Writers drafted the fight scenes but when it came to filming the episodes, miscommunication ruined Young's plans. Usher and Regan filmed the fight scene during one shoot for a Friday night episode. Their fight was supposed to continue and explore Barry's injuries from the hot fat. The following Monday night episode was filmed with a different director and crew. The two crews had not conversed and the second crew shot their episode with Barry having a knife cut instead of burns from hot fat. Young was upset with the edits and wanted to reshoot. Usher was unavailable for filming due to a holiday and could not be contacted. Regan had to film new scenes by himself, including throwing a pan of hot fat onto the kitchen floor and pretending to approach Barry with a knife. The Independent Television Commission discovered that Brookside were planning to broadcast the violent knife scenes. They requested to view the episode and they decided that scenes with the knife could be broadcast on the Friday evening but not during the Sunday omnibus edition. However, when the witnessed the following episode in which Terry holds a knife to Barry's throat, they refused to allow it to be broadcast. This happened three days prior to its planned broadcast. Producers waited outside Usher's home until he returned from his holiday. They asked him to come straight to the studio and film new content. Two days prior they filmed new confrontation scenes and Barry's injuries now came from Terry trapping his hand in a door. They cut the scene, took it to be edited and managed to get it to Channel 4 the following morning. In May 1992, writers created a special two-hander episode featuring only Barry and Terry. It was also the milestone 1100 episode and it featured Barry and Terry the confrontational "showdown" over Barry's secrets. On Barry's decision to confess to Terry, Usher stated "he certainly suffered over the death of Sue and Danny - that's why he finally had to tell Terry exactly what happened." Producers then gave Usher four months off work while the character was written out temporarily. On-screen Barry flees to Madrid and hides out while Terry comes to terms with the events. Barry decides he wants to return home but is worried that Terry will tell the police about Sue and Danny's deaths. Usher told TV Quick's Cameron that "relations between them are quite strained, to say the least." Barry invites Terry to visit him in Spain so that they can discuss what has happened. Usher was happy that producers decided to rest the character. He told Cameron that "it makes for good storylines when Barry disappears, and then comes back to cause even more trouble." Tracy Corkhill Barry begins a relationship with Tracy Corkhill (Justine Kerrigan). The relationship is awkward because Barry's mother and Tracy's father Billy are already in a relationship. Tracy moves out and gets a flat of her own and the pair find it easier to continue their affair. Their parents however are unhappy and try to convince them to split up. The story was developed over the next five months, with Tracy discovering that she is pregnant with Barry's child. Departure and returns In 1995, Usher decided to leave the show once again. This time his character abruptly left the show following a series of redemption plots for Barry. The character had proposed marriage to Emma, a kind Catholic woman who did not believe in sex before marriage. Barry even attended Mass and was shown regretting some of his earlier decisions. His departure storyline was abrupt as Barry suddenly disappears and Emma is portrayed as frantic and wondering why her fiancé has left her. Lizzie Francke from The Guardian reported that Usher's quick exit was due to a disagreement between himself and producers. Francke stated that Usher was unhappy with changes to Barry's characterisation and he subsequently wanted to leave. A Brookside publicist told Francke that Usher was taking a break from the series and Barry's departure was pre-planned. Barry's departure was left open ended so a return would be easy. He had fled to Florida, but the story remained unexplained for two years. It was later confirmed that Usher had in fact quit the role. In August 1997, it was announced that Usher had agreed to reprise the role once again. Usher initially agreed to a three-month contract, despite producers request he stay for one year. Of his return, a Brookside publicist stated that "he will be back just as he left, in his Armani suit, his four wheel drive and a bulge in his pocket - a gun." In addition, producers persuaded Johnston to reprise her role as Sheila for a special episode released on VHS video. The special, Brookside: The Lost Weekend was also designed to attract long-time viewers with the return of old characters such as Barry and Sheila. It explores Sheila's kidnapping and Barry's reaction. Of his return, Usher revealed that Barry would become more violent than ever. The character was once again written out of the series in January 1998. He leaves after he breaks Lindsey Corkhill's (Claire Sweeney) heart and returns to Wolverhampton to be with his family. In 2003, Usher reprised the role to appear in the final episode of Brookside following its cancellation. His final story features fellow former character Lindsey. The episode was broadcast on 4 November 2003. Their return story reveals that Barry and Lindsey formed a relationship off-screen and they seek the blessing of Lindsey's father, Jimmy Corkhill (Dean Sullivan). However, Barry soon gets caught up in the drama on Brookside Close involving gangster Jack Michaelson (Paul Duckworth). Reception Writers from The Guardian have often critiqued the character. Neil Crossley branded Barry a "nefarious" character, Catherine Wilson believed he was a "garrulous" man and Hilary Bower viewed him as a "heart-throb". Gareth McLean said that "Barry Grant has always had women trouble. He tormented Jacqui Dixon, toyed with Lindsey Corkhill's affections and made Sue Sullivan take a tumble of some scaffolding to her death." Another Guardian writer assessed "from his early days as a cheeky youngster at number 5, Barry Grant developed into a money obsessed 'scally'. By the late 1980s he had become the villain at the head of a gangland empire." Lizzie Francke (also The Guardian) said that Barry has a "famous scowl" and branded him a "fickle" character. Discussing his alleged walk out, Francke added "if Usher wants to bargain with Redmond and co, at least there is the huge popularity of Barry in his favour." In 1991, Jim Shelley praised Brookside for returning to its classic story telling. He commented that the show "has shown sign of revival to returning to what it is good at (violent, tragi-comic crime stories), with the escapades of Barry Grant and the hapless Jimmy Corkhill." Shelley was later delighted with Barry's 1997 return and joked that it called for a street party and a public holiday. He quipped that by the end of the episode, Barry had already uttered his famous catchphrases (such as "You Wha?" and "You're jokin' aren'tya") and womanised a regular female character. Shelley later assessed that the era where Barry and Beth Jordache (Anna Friel) were prominent were the show's "golden days". Another Guardian journalist analysed Barry and suggested he has a psychopathic disorder. They branded him "emotionally cold", inept of pleasure and living a solitary life. His "aloofness" is enjoyed by women who experience it as "exotic" and "different" but they fail to see that he cannot look after them. In addition they believed that Barry had never gotten over Damon's murder and replaced him with Terry. They opined that their friendship had homosexual undertones and that Barry expressed this by sleeping with Sue and later killing her. They added that Barry ultimately controlled and destroyed Terry. The writer concluded that "This man need to be locked up. It would take a long time to resolve this kind of conflict." Journalists at the Evening Standard also ridiculed and praised the character. Lisa O'Carroll opined that Barry is "ruthless" and a "rogue". She added "Barry is still one of most popular characters, and his constant plotting and womanising means he can appear and disappear from the soap at will." Another journalist from the publication described Barry as an "all-round heartbreaker and baddie." In addition, fellow Evening Standard writer Nicholas Hellen branded him a "bad boy". Geoffrey Phillips was dissatisfied with "TV yobbery" and called for an end to it. Phillips' prime example of such yobbery was "Barry Grant in Brookside drinking straight from the milk bottle that he has just picked out of someone else's fridge." Seven years later, Phillips branded Barry a "swine" and launched a tirade stating that Barry "is a little crook with, from what we saw of it, a large pistol. His hair contains more than half the world's known oil reserves and his voice puts one in mind of nails being fed into a garden-shredder." Phillips later described Barry as a "local bad lad with come-to-bed eyes and gone-to-hell hairstyle." Phillips said that the never ending Who Killed Sue and Danny storyline was "like a packet of cornflakes: there always seems to be something more rattling around at the bottom." Another Evening Standard critic stated "many a female pulse has quickened" following Barry's return. They added that "his presence in Brookside ensures excitement if not an upturn in the level of genteel conversation. Still, we do not expect soft words from a man whose voice suggests a bag of nails going round in the spin-drier." In another review from the newspaper, Barry was described as having a low IQ. They added that "barmy Barry" has a "stretch-limo mouth", a "bubble-car brain" and is the type of man that "orangutan mothers" warn their daughters about. A writer from TV Quick branded Barry "soap's biggest rotter". William Leith writing for The Observer branded Barry a "sneering, emotionally retarded criminal". Of the character's behaviour, Leith documented that "Barry would come on and stare meanly at people and steal things, and drive too fast, and have heartless sex; he was just like the slightly older boys who got the really good-looking girls when I was a teenager, and ended up as mechanics or penniless dreamers; he was a cheap male version of a short-skirted girl with a push-up bra." Kathryn Flett wrote that Barry was like the junior version Den Watts played by Leslie Grantham, a villainous character from the rival soap opera EastEnders. Barbara Ellen, also from The Observer said that by 1997, typical archetype males in soap opera had evolved from "blue-collar love-thugs with beer guts" such as Terry Duckworth (Nigel Pivaro) to "smouldering Heathcliff's" such as Barry and EastEnders David Wicks (Michael French). Noticing the void caused by Barry and David's departures from their respective shows, the Evening Standard's Phillips stated "love rats they may have been but, as pets, rodents are more fun than worms." Mark Lawson from The Independent bemoaned the amount of criminal stories that were being created for Barry and EastEnders character Grant Mitchell (Ross Kemp), believing they were influencing society. Lawson opined that there were too many fires in Brookside, such Barry burning down Jimmy's shop. He added "are all seriously dangerous people, at a time when random or unusual violence is an almost weekly news story." From The Independent, Paul Vallely opined that Usher and Sweeney acted as "the emotional catalysts" of Brookside's final episode. By 1994, Barry was the longest-running character featured in the show. Gerard Gilbert observed Barry "metamorphosing from mean-bastard scally to mean-bastard entrepreneur." Their colleague Anthony Hayward called Barry a "Jack the Lad whose own money-making scams became more sinister and dangerous." A journalist from the Record Mirror said that Barry was "one of the most popular characters". Another stated that Barry was the "proverbial bad penny" and stated that his most memorable moment was being beaten up by Tommy McArdle. Richard McLaren from TV Guide branded Barry the "resident Brookside scally" and "wayward". His colleague Nick Fisher called Barry a "bad-boy-cum-heart-throb". In the book Real Soap: Brookside, author Kay Nicholls likened Barry's early style to a "70s footballer, with a wardrobe that would shame Mr Byrite." She added he was not "heart-throb fodder" until writers transformed him into "Mr Smooth" and the show's "rogue". Nicholls believed that Barry assumed a role that "Al Pacino would be proud of." She wrote that Sue and Danny's murder was his most famous storyline and branded him an "evil bastard" for his treatment of Fran. In another description Nicholls concluded that he was "businessman Barry - briefcase in one hand, shotgun in the other." Barry and Terry were referenced in the lyrics to the Blazing Saddles song titled "Free George Jackson", which was released in 1985. The character was featured in Channel 4's 2001 documentary Top Ten TV Villains. A Guardian reporter added that Barry was the "numero uno Merseyside Mafioso". In a 2001 Guardian feature profiling soap opera's highest moments, "bad Barry" murdering Sue made the list. Barry's villainous reputation did not wane in the years after Brookside's cancellation. In 2019, Susannah Alexander from Digital Spy said that Barry was "villainous" and a "Brookside legend". Their colleague Justin Harp called Barry an "evil" character and Simon Timblick from Radio Times described him as the "baddie businessman". In July 2020, Sophie McCoid from the Liverpool Echo referred to Barry as a "Brookside legend". Claire Crick writing for What's on TV branded Barry the "Brookside baddie" who spent "two decades causing havoc". A reporter from Heart radio described Barry as one of the show's "most iconic villains". They called his biggest stories being his expulsion from school and his involvement with gangsters. They added that he "famously" killed Sue and Danny. In 2021, Katy Brent from Closer said that soap opera villains such as Coronation Street's Pat Phelan (Connor McIntyre) and Hollyoaks' Warren Fox (Jamie Lomas) "have nothing on the original soap bad boy, Barry." She added that "he once popped a gun up a rival's bottom when he tried to rape his girlfriend. You don't get that in Corrie. He was pretty phwoar as well." References Bibliography Brookside characters Fictional gangsters Fictional murderers Fictional businesspeople Fictional construction workers Television characters introduced in 1982 British male characters in television Male villains Fictional people from Liverpool Fictional criminals in soap operas
is a Japanese figure skater and coach. He is a ten-time Japanese national champion. He represented Japan at the 1960 Winter Olympics, where he placed 14th, and at the 1964 Winter Olympics, where he placed 8th. His best finish at the World Championships was 4th in 1965. He is married to Kumiko Okawa, and as of 2011 the couple lives near Yokohama. Their daughter is Yuka Sato, the 1994 World Champion. Along with Machiko Yamada, he is one of the most successful coaches in Japan. His current and former students include Miki Ando, Mao Asada, Shoko Ishikawa, Hirokazu Kobayashi, Takahiko Kozuka, Yukari Nakano, Yuka Sato, Marin Honda, Kao Miura, Wun-Chang Shih, and Fumie Suguri. In February 2010, he was elected to the World Figure Skating Hall of Fame. Competitive highlights References External links Figure skaters at the 1960 Winter Olympics Figure skaters at the 1964 Winter Olympics Living people Japanese male single skaters Olympic figure skaters for Japan Japanese figure skating coaches Sportspeople from Osaka 1942 births Kansai University alumni Universiade medalists in figure skating FISU World University Games gold medalists for Japan Universiade silver medalists for Japan Competitors at the 1960 Winter Universiade Competitors at the 1964 Winter Universiade Competitors at the 1966 Winter Universiade
Nevada Bell Telephone Company, originally Bell Telephone Company of Nevada, is a Nevada telephone provider and it was the Bell System's telephone provider in Nevada. It only provides telephone services to 30% of the state, essentially all of the state outside Las Vegas, where service is provided by CenturyLink. Nevada Bell spent nearly all of its history as a subsidiary of Pacific Bell, which is the reason Nevada Bell was not listed in Judge Harold Greene's Modification of Final Judgment, starting the breakup of AT&T. History Nevada Bell traces its history to 1906, when Pacific Telephone and Telegraph forerunner of Pacific Bell bought the Sunset Telephone and Telegraph Company, one of several early telephone companies in Nevada. In 1913, Pacific Telephone transferred its Nevada operations to the newly formed Bell Telephone Company of Nevada. After the 1984 breakup, its legal name was shortened to Nevada Bell (its popular name for the better part of its history), and it became an operating company of Pacific Telesis alongside Pacific Bell. Mergers In 1997, Pacific Telesis Group was acquired by SBC Communications. Although the Pacific Telesis corporate name disappeared fairly quickly, SBC continued to operate the local telephone companies separately under their original names. In September 2001, SBC rebranded the telephone company "SBC Nevada Bell". In late 2002, the Nevada Bell name disappeared altogether when SBC rebranded all of its operating companies as simply "SBC." Meanwhile, employees of SBC working in Nevada who support SBC's non-regulated services and/or services provided both within and outside Nevada were transferred to other SBC subsidiaries, like "Pacific Telesis Shared Services" and "SBC Operations, Inc." However, for legal and regulatory purposes, employees supporting local regulated services were still employed by "Nevada Bell dba SBC Nevada", which was the SBC subsidiary that provided regulated local telephone services within the franchise territory in Nevada. On November 18, 2005, SBC completed its acquisition of AT&T Corp. to form AT&T Inc., at which point Nevada Bell began doing business as AT&T Nevada. References AT&T subsidiaries Bell System Companies based in Reno, Nevada Communications in Nevada Defunct telecommunications companies of the United States 1913 establishments in Nevada Telecommunications companies established in 1913 American companies established in 1913
The finals and the qualifying heats of the Men's 4×100 metres Medley Relay event at the 1997 FINA Short Course World Championships were held on the first day of the competition, on Thursday 17 April 1997 in Gothenburg, Sweden. Finals Qualifying heats See also 1996 Men's Olympic Games 4x100m Medley Relay 1997 Men's European LC Championships 4x100m Medley Relay References Results R
Carolina (; ) is a city and municipality located on the northeast coast of Puerto Rico. It lies immediately east of the capital San Juan and Trujillo Alto; north of Gurabo and Juncos; and west of Canóvanas and Loíza. Carolina is spread over 12 barrios plus Carolina Pueblo (the downtown area and administrative center). It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area, and home to Puerto Rico's main airport, the Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport. History The town was founded by Spanish colonists in 1816 as Trujillo Bajo ("lower Trujillo"), along with its counterpart Trujillo Alto after Trujillo, Spain. In 1857 it was renamed to San Fernando de la Carolina, later shortened to Carolina, after Charles II of Spain. The city is known as "Tierra de Gigantes" (Land of Giants), not only for well-known Carolina resident Don Felipe Birriel González (who was 7'11"), but also in honor of other people from Carolina, including poet Julia de Burgos and most notably the first Latin American player named to baseball's Hall of Fame, Roberto Clemente. Carolina was also home to Jesús T. Piñero, the first Puerto Rican to be appointed as governor by the United States government. The city is also known as "El Pueblo de los Tumba Brazos" (The Arm Hackers' Town). During the late 1800s, the town's major export was sugarcane. Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became a territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the population of Carolina was 11,965. Hurricane Maria on September 20, 2017 caused flooding in Carolina. The Río Grande de Loíza floods left around 500 homes uninhabitable. The Roberto Clemente stadium lost its roof and many other structures, bridges and roads were damaged to a toll of $87 million. Given the Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport is in Carolina, the destruction in Carolina created a challenge and the airport remained closed for three days. Two weeks after, the airport was attempting to operate a more regular schedule, but electricity was inconsistent and on October 10, nearly a month after the hurricane the airport was running on generators again. By August 2023, there had been three mass shootings in Carolina. Geography Carolina municipality has a number of rivers such as the Río Canovanillas, Río Grande de Loíza, La Torrecilla, Piñones Lagoons. Barrios Like all municipalities of Puerto Rico, Carolina is subdivided into barrios. The municipal buildings, central square and large Catholic church are located in a small barrio referred to as , near the center of the municipality. Barrazas Buena Vista Cacao Cangrejo Arriba Canovanillas Carolina barrio-pueblo Carruzos Cedro Martín González Sabana Abajo San Antón Santa Cruz Trujillo Bajo Sectors Barrios (which are, in contemporary times, roughly comparable to minor civil divisions) and subbarrios, in turn, are further subdivided into smaller local populated place areas/units called sectores (sectors in English). The types of sectores may vary, from normally sector to urbanización to reparto to barriada to residencial, among others. Special Communities (Special Communities of Puerto Rico) are marginalized communities whose citizens are experiencing a certain amount of social exclusion. A map shows these communities occur in nearly every municipality of the commonwealth. Of the 742 places that were on the list in 2014, the following barrios, communities, sectors, or neighborhoods were in Carolina: Colo, Martín González, Buena Vista, Buenaventura, Canovanillas (Estancias del Parque), Cuesta Quiles, Eduardo J. Saldaña - La Cerámica, La Villas (Justicia y Esperanza), Sabana Abajo Norte, Sabana Abajo Sur, Saint Just, San Antón, and Villa Caridad. Tourism Carolina is one of Puerto Rico's most important tourist centers. Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport, the territory's main airport, is located in Isla Verde. Also located in Carolina are a large group of hotels, which sit by Carolina's large beach area of Isla Verde. There are several well-known hotels on the coast of Carolina (Isla Verde area), including the El San Juan Resort and Casino, InterContinental San Juan Hotel and the Ritz-Carlton San Juan Hotel, Spa, and Casino. Isla Verde has an Orthodox Jewish synagogue, Chabad of Puerto Rico, the only Orthodox Jewish synagogue in Puerto Rico, which serves the island's Jewish residents and visiting tourists. Landmarks and places of interest There are 4 beaches in Carolina, including . Buena Vista Ruins Carolina Beach Loíza's Big River Isla Verde Club Gallístico Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport Jesús T. Piñero Monument Julia de Burgos Park Piñones Beach Roberto Clemente Ciudad Deportiva Economy Carolina is the home of Plaza Carolina, one of Puerto Rico's largest shopping malls. Executive Airlines, an aircraft ground handling company and subsidiary of American Airlines, is headquartered on the grounds of Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport in Carolina. Industrial Manufacturing (pharmaceutical, medical equipment and chemical) and commerce. Culture Festivals and events Carolina celebrates its patron saint festival in late May / early June. The is a religious and cultural celebration that generally features parades, games, artisans, amusement rides, regional food, and live entertainment. The festival has featured live performances by well-known artists such as Ismael Miranda, Sonora Ponceña, Andrés Jiménez, "el Jíbaro", Bobby Valentín, and Grupo Manía. Other festivals and events celebrated in Carolina include: Jazz Night – third Friday of the month Bohemia Night – second Thursday of the month Youth Night – first Friday every two months Artisans' Market – one Sunday a month Roberto Clemente Week – August Sports In recent years, Carolina has seen the building of the Ciudad Deportiva Roberto Clemente or Roberto Clemente Sports City, a sports and recreation facility that aims to become a youth sports school, and the Roberto Clemente Stadium, host to many entertainment events and to the 2003 and 2007 Caribbean World Series. It has also played host to the Coliseo Guillermo Angulo, where the BSN's Gigantes de Carolina play, as well as the Gigantes of Puerto Rican women's professional basketball, the Gigantes of men's professional volleyball, and the Gigantes of women's professional volleyball. The Gigantes de Carolina professional baseball team use the Roberto Clemente Stadium as their home field. There is also another team with the same name, the Giants de Carolina, a professional soccer team that plays in the Puerto Rico Soccer League. That team also uses the Roberto Clemente Stadium as its home field. Professional horse jockey Emanuel Jose Sanchez was born in Carolina. Riding the mare Mark Me Special he captured the 7th race at Colonial Downs on June 19, 2005. Demographics Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became a territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States conducted its first census of Puerto Rico finding that the population of Carolina was 11,965. Government All municipalities in Puerto Rico are administered by a mayor, elected every four years. The current mayor of Carolina is José Aponte Dalmau, of the Popular Democratic Party (PPD). He was elected in 2007, after a special election, succeeding his late father, José Aponte de la Torre. Aponte de la Torre was elected mayor in 1984 and served for 23 years. The city belongs to the Puerto Rico Senatorial district VIII, which is represented by two Senators. In 2012, Pedro A. Rodríguez and Luis Daniel Rivera were elected as District Senators. The Carolina Police Department, with most of its precincts in the northern half of the city due to the density of the population, handle law enforcement responsibilities. Puerto Rico Police Department also has jurisdiction in Carolina, especially for narcotics enforcement, with four precincts positioned on all four points of the city. Carolina created the first municipal fire department in Puerto Rico. The Carolina Fire Department in collaboration with the Carolina Municipal Emergency Management use two engine trucks, one ladder track and one special hazard engine truck. Their headquarters are located in the tourist district of Isla Verde. Also, the Puerto Rico Fire Department have a fire station and regional office in town, located on the Roberto Clemente Avenue. Transportation There are 72 bridges in Carolina. The Teodoro Moscoso Bridge connects Carolina to San Juan. Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport is located in Carolina. Symbols The has an official flag and coat of arms. Flag The flag consists of three vertical bands, the laterals white and the middle red. The laterals are seeded with black ermine tails in the heraldic way as for the coat of arms. The middle band of the flag shows a red field with the sword and crown of the coat of arms. Coat of arms The crown over the sword is the main attribute for royalty and for that reason it occupies a privileged position in the coat of arms. The sword is not only a symbol for military service, but also one of justice, recalling the virtues of San Fernando. The coat of arms has a wide edge of silver, a cultivated field of small tails of ermine shown in the conventional heraldic manner. The red symbolizes the first patriotic developments made for Puerto Rico's freedom under Spanish dominion. Notable people from Carolina Gallery See also List of Puerto Ricans History of Puerto Rico References Carolina and its barrios, United States Census Bureau Books Carolina, Puerto Rico: Land of Giants (2012) by Greg Boudonck and Maria Ruiz O'Farrill External links Puerto Rico Government Directory Municipalities of Puerto Rico San Juan–Caguas–Guaynabo metropolitan area Populated places established in 1816 1816 establishments in the Spanish Empire
Aedes sollicitans, the eastern saltmarsh mosquito (also known as Ochlerotatus sollicitans), is a species of mosquito native to the eastern seaboard of the United States and Canada as well as the entire Gulf coast and is also present in the Bahamas and Greater Antilles. While primarily found in coastal areas within a few miles of the coast, it is occasionally found inland in areas with saline pools, the species was reported as far west as Arizona. The species is a prime vector for Eastern equine encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis and dog heartworm. Description Aedes sollicitans has a conspicuous band of white scales around the central area of the proboscis and the anterior portion of the hind tarsomeres upon which there is also band a band of yellow scales in the middle. The abdomen has white basal bands and is divided by a medial longitudinal stripe. The thorax is white on the sides and the top is brown, yellow, golden and white. Similar Species A. sollicitans resembles Aedes taeniorhynchus but the two species can be distinguished at the larval and adult stages. Larval A. sollicitans have longer breathing tubes, have scale patches with pointed tips, and larger spines that line the edges of each scale patch. Adult A. sollicitans are golden brown while adult Aedes taeniorhychus are black and smaller in size. Habitat A. sollicitans tends to stay within 5 miles of the coast on average all the range can be greater dependent upon a number of factors such as wind speed and duration. Food Resources It tends to feed most actively at twilight but is an opportunistic feeder which will feed a host species that enters its area in daytime. The female requires one blood meal for each egg batch with the primary host species being mammals, and birds as a secondary host. Oviposition The female Aedes sollicitans lays her eggs on the dried out substrate of salt pannes, depressions within salt marshes which dry out between periods of very high tide (spring tide). The eggs hatch upon the panne filling at the next spring tide in 4–5 days with optimal conditions. In the south the peak amount of adults occurs in the spring and fall, and in the northern portion of its range peak adult population occurs in the summer. The last batches of eggs laid in the fall remain in diapause until the spring. References solicitans Diptera of North America Insects described in 1856
The 2017–18 DePaul Blue Demons men's basketball team represented DePaul University during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. They were led by third-year (sixth overall with DePaul) head coach Dave Leitao and played their home games at the new Wintrust Arena in Chicago, Illinois as members of the Big East Conference. They finished the season 11–20, 4–14 in Big East play to finish in a tie for ninth place. They lost in the first round of the Big East tournament to Marquette. Previous season The Blue Demons finished the 2016–17 season 9–23, 2–16 in Big East play to finish in last place. They lost in the first round of the Big East tournament to Xavier. That season marked the Blue Demons' final season at Allstate Arena Offseason Departures Incoming transfers 2017 recruiting class 2018 recruiting class Preseason The Blue Demons were picked to finish in last place in the preseason Big East poll. Roster Schedule and results \|- !colspan=9 style=\| Exhibition \|- !colspan=9 style=\|Non-conference regular season \|- !colspan=9 style=\| Big East Conference regular season \|- !colspan=9 style=\| Big East tournament References DePaul Blue Demons men's basketball seasons DePaul DePaul Blue Demons men's basketball DePaul Blue Demons men's basketball
Raidih is a village in the Raidih CD block in the Gumla subdivision of the Gumla district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Geography Location Raidih is located at Area overview The map alongside presents a rugged area, consisting partly of flat-topped hills called pat and partly of an undulating plateau, in the south-western portion of Chota Nagpur Plateau. Three major rivers – the Sankh, South Koel and North Karo - along with their numerous tributaries, drain the area. The hilly area has large deposits of Bauxite. 93.7% of the population lives in rural areas. Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the district. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map. Civic administration There is a police station at Raidih. The headquarters of Raidih block CD block are located at Raidih village. Demographics According to the 2011 Census of India, Raidih had a total population of 770, of which 393 (51%) were males and 393 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 111. The total number of literate persons in Raidih was 487 (73.90% of the population over 6 years). (*For language details see Raidih block#Language and religion) Education S.S. High School Raidih is a Hindi-medium coeducational institution established in 1961. It has facilities for teaching from class VIII to class XII. The school has a playground, a library with 600 books and has 2 computers for teaching and learning purposes. Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya is a Hindi-medium girls only institution established in 2007. It has facilities for teaching from class VI to class XII. The school has a playground, a library with 574 books and has 5 computers for learning and teaching purposes. Project Girls High School is a Hindi-medium girls only institution established in 1984. It has facilities for teaching in class VIII to class X. The school has a playground. References Villages in Gumla district
Waleed Ahmed (born 4 December 1992) is a Pakistani cricketer. He made his List A debut for Karachi Whites in the 2018–19 Quaid-e-Azam One Day Cup on 6 September 2018. He was the leading wicket-taker for Karachi Whites in the tournament, with ten dismissals in five matches. He made his first-class debut for Karachi Whites in the 2018–19 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy on 8 September 2018. In March 2019, he was named in Punjab's squad for the 2019 Pakistan Cup. In September 2019, he was named in Sindh's squad for the 2019–20 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy tournament. He made his Twenty20 debut on 14 October 2019, for Sindh in the 2019–20 National T20 Cup. References External links 1992 births Living people Pakistani cricketers Karachi Whites cricketers Cricketers from Karachi
Department of Higher Education, Odisha (Odia: ଉଚ୍ଚ ଶିକ୍ଷା ବିଭାଗ, ଓଡ଼ିଶା) is a unit of the Government of Odisha in India that looks after the school and college education in the state of Odisha. The department looks after the education curriculum at University, Post-Graduate, Graduate and Higher Secondary level in the state of Odisha. The department is responsible for hiring and employing the Higher Secondary school teachers and college professors employed in Government schools and colleges running under Government of Odisha. Moreover, it looks after functioning of state run Universities namely Ravenshaw University, Utkal University, Berhampur University, Sambalpur University, Sri Jagannath Sanskrit Viswavidyalaya, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Fakir Mohan University, Gangadhar Meher University, Rama Devi Women's University, Khallikote Unitary University, NLUO, Dharanidhar University and Odisha State Open University. Facility In the year 2010 Department of Higher Education, Odisha introduced Students Academic Management System also known as (SAMS). This facility is based on e-admission of students seeking admission to ITI/Diploma engineering and non-engineering courses, +2 and +3 courses in various private and government schools, colleges, polytechnics and university in the state of Odisha under Department of Higher Education and skill development in the streams of Arts, Law, Commerce, Science, Craftsmen, ITI training, Diploma and other self finance courses. DHE Odisha website also enables facility of RTI, e-space, e-dispatch and pool of information resources about staff position and Infrastructure support of various Schools, Colleges and University. E- Dispatch and E- Space are web based facility for receiving Letters, Office Orders, Amendments, and other resources of information of different departments of Government of Odisha. See also Council of Higher Secondary Education, Odisha Board of Secondary Education, Odisha State Council for Technical Education & Vocational Training References Government agencies established in 2010 Education in Odisha State agencies of Odisha Universities and colleges in Odisha Government of Odisha 2010 establishments in Orissa
is a trans-Neptunian object with a possible moon from the outer regions of the Solar System. It is approximately 940 kilometers across its longest axis, as it has an elongated shape. It belongs to the plutinos – a group of minor planets named after its largest member Pluto – as it orbits in a 2:3 resonance with Neptune in the Kuiper belt. It is the third-largest known plutino, after and . It was discovered on 13 January 2003, by American astronomers Chad Trujillo and Michael Brown during the NEAT survey using the Samuel Oschin telescope at Palomar Observatory. Though elongated in shape, displays a small lightcurve amplitude due to its rotation axis being oriented nearly pole-on; the variability is mainly caused by albedo features on its surface. It is considered a very likely dwarf planet by astronomers Gonzalo Tancredi and Michael Brown. However, Will M. Grundy et al. conclude that objects such as this, in the size range of 400–1,000 km, with albedos less than ≈0.2 and densities of ≈1.2 g/cm3 or less, have likely never compressed into fully solid bodies, let alone differentiated or collapsed into hydrostatic equilibrium, and so are highly unlikely to be dwarf planets. Physical characteristics The Spitzer Space Telescope has estimated its size at , while an analysis of a combination of Spitzer and Hershel data yielded a slightly higher estimate of . These results are in agreement with each other. The large size of makes it a possible dwarf planet. However, if one assumes it to be in hydrostatic equilibrium, the density that results is too low for it to be solid, and hence it may not be a dwarf planet. Its mass is unknown since the satellite has not been recovered. A stellar occultation in 2010 measured a single chord of . But this is only a lower limit for the diameter of because the chord may not have passed through the center of the body. In 2017, stellar occultations and data from its rotational lightcurve suggested that had an elongated shape, presumably due to its rapid rotation rate of 6.71 hours, similar to Haumea and Varuna. That would give approximate dimensions of 940×766×490 km, with its longest axis nearly twice as long as its polar axis. The spectra and colors of are very similar to those of Orcus, another large object in 2:3 resonance with Neptune. Both bodies have a flat featureless spectrum in the visible and moderately strong water ice absorption bands in the near-infrared, although has a lower albedo. Both bodies also have a weak absorption band near 2.3 μm, which may be caused by ammonia hydrate or methane ice. Orbit and rotation orbits the Sun at an average distance of 39.4 astronomical units (AU) and completes a full orbit in 247 years. It is in a 2:3 orbital resonance with Neptune; completes two orbits around the Sun for every three orbits completed by Neptune. Since it is in a 2:3 resonance with Neptune, is classified as a plutino. Its orbit is inclined to the ecliptic by 13.6 degrees. The orbit of is moderately eccentric, with an orbital eccentricity of 0.183. , is currently located from the Sun. It had approached its aphelion (furthest distance from the Sun) in 1982 and will come to its perihelion (closest distance to the Sun) in 2107. Simulations by the Deep Ecliptic Survey show that over the next 10 million years will not come closer (qmin) than 31.6 AU from the Sun (it will stay farther away than Neptune). The rotation period of this minor planet was first measured by Scott Sheppard in 2003. Light curves obtained by Sheppard at the University of Hawai'i's 2.2-meter telescope gave an ambiguous rotation period of either 6.71 or 13.42 hours, with a brightness variation of 0.14 magnitudes (). The shorter rotation period refers to the single-peaked solution, expected if the brightness variations resulted from albedo spots. The longer rotation period is for a double-peaked solution, more consistent with an elongated shape that is rotating edge-on. Satellite Using observations with the Hubble Space Telescope, the discovery of a satellite of was reported in IAUC 8812 on 22 February 2007. The object was measured with a separation of 0.22 arcsec and an apparent magnitude difference of 5.0. , attempts to recover the satellite have failed. The unrecovered satellite is estimated to be about in diameter. Notes References External links (208996) 2003 AZ84 Precovery Images List Of Transneptunian Objects – Minor Planet Center Plutinos Discoveries by Michael E. Brown Discoveries by Chad Trujillo Possible dwarf planets (208996) 2003 AZ84 Binary trans-Neptunian objects Objects observed by stellar occultation 20030113
The Silver City is a 1956 memoir and historical piece written by Ion Idriess. It was based on Idriess' experiences of growing up in Broken Hill. It is also a general history of the city. References External links The Silver City at AustLit 1956 non-fiction books Books by Ion Idriess Australian memoirs Books about cities Broken Hill, New South Wales History of Broken Hill Angus & Robertson books
Xysta is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae. Species Xysta holosericea (Fabricius, 1805) Xysta incana Suster, 1929 References Tachinidae Brachycera genera Taxa named by Johann Wilhelm Meigen Diptera of Asia Diptera of Europe
Marcus Hardison (born February 14, 1992) is a former American football defensive tackle. He played college football at Arizona State and was drafted by the Cincinnati Bengals in the fourth round of the 2015 NFL Draft. Early years Hardison attended Charlotte High School in Punta Gorda, Florida. He played quarterback early in his career before moving to defensive line. College career Hardison attended Dodge City Community College in 2011 and 2012. During those two years, he had 96 tackles and seven sacks. In 2013, he transferred to Arizona State University. In his first year at Arizona State he appeared in 13 of 14 games, recording five tackles and a sack. As a senior in 2014, Hardison played in all 13 games, recording 53 tackles, a team-leading 10 sacks and one interception. Professional career Cincinnati Bengals Hardison was drafted by the Cincinnati Bengals in the fourth round, 135th overall, in the 2015 NFL Draft. He made the Bengals final roster, but was inactive for every game in 2015 including the playoffs. Hardison suffered a shoulder injury in the third preseason game and was out for the 2016 season. On September 2, 2017, Hardison was released by the Bengals. Jacksonville Jaguars On September 20, 2017, Hardison was signed to the Jacksonville Jaguars' practice squad. He was released on November 20, 2017. New England Patriots On December 2, 2017, Hardison was signed to the New England Patriots' practice squad. He was released on December 19, 2017. Houston Texans On December 21, 2017, Hardison was signed to the Houston Texans' practice squad. He signed a reserve/future contract with the Texans on January 1, 2018. On August 27, 2018, Hardison was waived by the Texans. Los Angeles Chargers On August 28, 2018, Hardison was claimed off waivers by the Los Angeles Chargers. He was waived on September 1, 2018. Arizona Hotshots In late 2018, Hardison signed with the Arizona Hotshots of the Alliance of American Football. He was waived on March 25, 2019. St. Louis BattleHawks In October 2019, Hardison was selected by the St. Louis BattleHawks in the 2020 XFL Draft. He was waived during final roster cuts on January 22, 2020. References External links Arizona State Sun Devils bio 1992 births Living people People from Punta Gorda, Florida Players of American football from Florida American football defensive tackles American football defensive ends Dodge City Conquistadors football players Arizona State Sun Devils football players Cincinnati Bengals players Jacksonville Jaguars players New England Patriots players Houston Texans players Los Angeles Chargers players Arizona Hotshots players St. Louis BattleHawks players
William de Moravia (also known as William Sutherland) (fl. early 14th century) was the 3rd Earl of Sutherland and chief of the Clan Sutherland, a Scottish clan of the Scottish Highlands. Early life William de Moravia, 3rd Earl of Sutherland was the son of William de Moravia, 2nd Earl of Sutherland. He succeeded his father while still an infant and was put under the guardianship of John, son of William II, Earl of Ross who wrote to Edward II of England to say that William of Sutherland did not have the experience to govern his earldom. In the same letter, the Earl of Ross tells King Edward that Robert the Bruce had advanced north with a large army which he and the other supporters of Edward were unable to withstand and so requested the fealty of the earldom of Sutherland. The Earl of Ross subsequently made a truce with Bruce at Auldearn on 31 October 1308. This letter by the Earl of Ross was written in either April or early May 1308. Earl of Sutherland The young William, 3rd Earl of Sutherland was present at the parliament held at St Andrews on 16 March 1308-09 where the nobles and barons of Scotland wrote to Philip V of France who had asked for assistance in his crusade against the Saracens. According to 19th-century historian William Fraser the statement of 17th-century historian Sir Robert Gordon, 1st Baronet that the Earl of Sutherland fought for the Bruce against the English at the Battle of Bannockburn probably refers to the 3rd Earl but there is no contemporary record of this. William, 3rd Earl of Sutherland was also a signatory to the Declaration of Arbroath in 1320. William, 3rd Earl of Sutherland is believed to have died in 1325, but according to Fraser he may have lived a few years longer and have been the Earl of Sutherland who appears in the Exchequer Rolls of Scotland in 1327 as guardian of the bishopric of Caithness, but that the Earl's Christian name is not given. William was succeeded by his brother, Kenneth de Moravia, 4th Earl of Sutherland. References William 1325 deaths William Signatories to the Declaration of Arbroath 14th-century Scottish earls Year of birth unknown
The 1987 Polish Speedway season was the 1987 season of motorcycle speedway in Poland. Individual Polish Individual Speedway Championship The 1987 Individual Speedway Polish Championship final was held over 2 days on 29 and 30 August at Toruń. Golden Helmet The 1987 Golden Golden Helmet () organised by the Polish Motor Union (PZM) was the 1987 event for the league's leading riders. The final was held over four rounds. Junior Championship winner - Piotr Świst Silver Helmet winner - Ryszard Dołomisiewicz Bronze Helmet winner - Piotr Świst Pairs Polish Pairs Speedway Championship The 1987 Polish Pairs Speedway Championship was the 1987 edition of the Polish Pairs Speedway Championship. The final was held on 7 May at Ostrów Wielkopolski. Team Team Speedway Polish Championship The 1987 Team Speedway Polish Championship was the 1987 edition of the Team Polish Championship. Unia Leszno won the gold medal. The team included Roman Jankowski, Zenon Kasprzak, Mariusz Okoniewski and Jan Krzystyniak. First League Second League References Poland Individual Speedway 1987 in Polish speedway
Manchester United Europe developed by Krisalis Software is the follow-up to the 1990 video game Manchester United which had sold over 100,000 copies. The Atari Lynx port was released under the title of European Soccer Challenge. Gameplay In Manchester United Europe, the player guides either Manchester United or another club through the UEFA Cup, European Cup, Cup Winners Cup, Super Cup and the Intercontinental Cup. Development Computer and Video Games magazine reported in its supplement Hand-Held Go! in May 1992 that Krysalis were developing an Atari Lynx version of the game. They released this version under the title European Soccer Challenge. Release The Atari Lynx version of the game (European Soccer Challenge) was being converted and planned to be published by Telegames for the Atari Jaguar and was first announced in 1994, with plans to be released later in the year but was rescheduled to be published around the second quarter of 1995, however, this port was never released for unknown reasons. Reception Computer and Video Games magazine reviewed the game for the Amiga in their August 1991 issue giving it a score of 84 out of 100. The Atari Lynx port was reviewed by Robert A Jung which was published to IGN Entertainment. In his final verdict he wrote that "European Soccer Challenge is a very respectable version of the popular sport. The sophisticated gameplay, quality design, and crisp controls are complemented by some very elegant graphics. Non-soccer fans won't be swayed, but enthusiasts will find this title very enjoyable." Then giving the game a score of 8 out of 10. References 1991 video games Acorn Archimedes games Amiga games Association football video games Atari Lynx games Atari ST games Cancelled Atari Jaguar games Commodore 64 games DOS games Krisalis Software games Telegames games Manchester United F.C. media Video games developed in the United Kingdom Video games scored by Matt Furniss ZX Spectrum games Multiplayer and single-player video games
The tawny mining bee, Andrena fulva, is a European species of the sand bee (Andrena) genus. The males are and the females long. The female is covered with fox-red hair on the dorsal surface of its thorax and abdomen and black hair on its head and ventral surface. The male is less distinctive, being clad in golden-brown or reddish-brown hairs, with some long white hairs on the face, and a tooth on each of the mandibles. The tawny mining bee lives in Europe, ranging from the Balkans to southern Scandinavia, the United Kingdom and Ireland. It lives among short vegetation in light woodlands and dry grasslands, and also in parks and gardens. It is widely distributed but has a low population density. It is present in lowland England and Wales and at a few sites in southern Scotland. In Ireland it was only known at two locations in County Kilkenny in 1927, and until 2012 was considered extinct, when it was rediscovered at several locations throughout Ireland. The tawny mining bee flies from March until May. It prefers to fly to a range of different nectar-producing and pollen-bearing plants; these include beech (Fagus sylvatica), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), buttercup (Ranunculus sp.), Daffodils, garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), holly (Ilex aquifolium), maple (Acer sp.), oak (Quercus sp.), plum (Prunus domestica), sallow (Salix sp.), sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) and wayfaring-tree (Viburnum lantana). It mates in spring, after which the male dies and the female starts to build a nest. Sometimes more than a hundred females build nests in a few square metres but the tawny mining bee does not create a colony, each female having her own nest. The tawny mining bee is therefore classified amongst solitary and communal bees. The nest is a vertical shaft deep, with several brood cells branching off it. The female fills these cells with a mixture of nectar and pollen, on which she lays one egg in each cell. The larva hatches within a few days, grows quickly and pupates within a few weeks. The adults emerge in spring after hibernation. References Andrena Hymenoptera of Europe Insects described in 1766 Taxa named by Otto Friedrich Müller
Jan Gilbert (born August 6, 1946) is an American composer, cellist, and professor of music. Life and career Janet Monteith Gilbert was born in New York City, NY. She studied cello at the Naples Conservatory and was granted her bachelor of arts in music in 1969 from Douglass College. In 1972 she received a Master of Arts in composition from Villa Schifolianoia in Florence, Italy. Studying under Salvatore Martirano and Ben Johnston, she received her Doctorate of Musical Arts from the University of Illinois in 1979, where she specialized in electronic music. Other teachers include Piergtro Grossi, Charles Dodge and John Melby. She has taught at Middlebury College, St. Olaf College, University of Maine, and since 1987 has been an assistant professor at Macalester College. Music Gilbert's works include electronic music, verbal improvisation, sacred vocal music, experimental hip-hop, chamber music and multimedia pieces with tape, theatre and dance collaboration. She has been commissioned by varying groups such as Chanticleer, the St Paul Civic Orchestra and the Dale Warland Singers. She draws material from many different cultures, including traditional stories of the Hmong People, legends from the Pacific Northwest Tlingit tribe, and classical Indian music and dance, with collaborators veena player Nirmala Rajasekar and bharatanatyam dance group Ragamala. References External links Jan Gilbert's personal website Jan Gilbert's ACA page with list of works 1946 births American women classical composers American classical composers Living people Composers from New York City American classical cellists Rutgers University alumni University of Illinois alumni Middlebury College faculty St. Olaf College faculty University of Maine faculty Macalester College faculty Classical musicians from New York (state) American women academics 21st-century American women
Blandina Segale, SC, more commonly known as Sister Blandina (23 January 1850 – 23 February 1941), was an Italian-born American Sister of Charity of Cincinnati and missionary, who became widely known through her service on the American frontier in the late 19th century. During her missionary work, she met, among others, Billy the Kid and the leaders of the Native American tribes of the Apache and Comanche. She served as an educator and social worker who worked in Ohio, Colorado and New Mexico, assisting Native Americans, Hispanic settlers and European immigrants. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santa Fe has opened a process to canonize Segale, for which it has received the permission of the Holy See. For this, she is honored by the Catholic Church with the title of Servant of God. She is the first individual in New Mexico's 400-year history with the Roman Catholic Church to have a cause opened by any diocese or archdiocese located in New Mexico for their beatification and canonization. Venerable Alphonse Gallegos, whose cause for canonization in 2005 was opened by the Diocese of Sacramento, was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Life She was born Rosa Maria Segale in 1850 in Cicagna, Genoa, then part of the Kingdom of Sardinia. She emigrated at age four with her family to the United States, where they settled in Cincinnati, Ohio. She had felt called from an early age to join the Sisters of Charity of Cincinnati. She did so at the age of sixteen, when she was clothed in the habit of the Sisters and given the religious name of Sister Blandina, in memory of St. Blandina, martyred in 177 during the reign of Marcus Aurelius. On December 8, 1868, she completed the novitiate and professed religious vows for the first time. Her sister, Maria Maddalena, decided to follow her younger sister's example, and also joined the Sisters of Charity, where she was given the name of Sister Justina. Segale was sent to teach in the schools of Steubenville and Dayton. It was there that she received notice on 27 November 1872, at the age of twenty-two years, she was being sent as serve as a missionary in Trinidad. At first thinking she was being sent to the Caribbean, she soon learned that her assignment was in Trinidad, Colorado, where the Sisters of Charity of Cincinnati had recently opened a mission. She was later transferred to Santa Fe, where she co-founded public and Catholic schools throughout the area. During her time in New Mexico, she worked with the poor, the sick and immigrants. She also advocated on behalf of Hispanics and Native Americans who were losing their land to swindlers. Segale traveled alone on dusty trails and railroads, through the unexplored lands of the far Southwest, finally reaching Trinidad, a frontier mining town, on December 9, 1872. After opening a school almost alone, her first action was to fight against the common practice of lynching. She came to learn from one of her students that a member of the gang led by the famed outlaw Billy the Kid had been seriously wounded, and had been left alone to die in a shack. She immediately went to him and, as she examined the wound, spoke harshly to his persecutors saying, "I see that with a hard head that you find yourself not able to kill him with one shot to the head." Without another word, she treated the bandit and saved the man's life. In December 1873, Segale received a letter from her Mother Superior directing her to move to Santa Fe, New Mexico to help in the religious settlement. Despite the scarcity of funding and resources, she built several schools and orphanages, continued to visit the mines in the area and railway construction sites to minister to the people there. She managed to collect funds for the construction of St. Vincent Hospital and for the care of indigent. She visited and took care of Billy the Kid and other prisoners confined in the main prison in New Mexico. In 1882, Segale was charged with the reconstruction of the Sisters' dilapidated convent in Albuquerque, New Mexico. She also attempted at building a hospital there but was recalled in 1889 to Trinidad, where she defended the right of the Sisters of Charity to teach in the local school while wearing their religious habit. However, anti-Catholic prejudice prevailed and she was forced to return to Albuquerque where, in 1901, she completed the construction of St. Joseph Hospital. Segale returned to Cincinnati, where she worked with her sister for the Italian immigrant community until her death at the age of 91, on February 23, 1941. Legends In 1875, Segale helped Morris James, a man convicted of murder in Trinidad on 3 July 1875, receive forgiveness from the man he shot and protected him from a mob. James was later pardoned and admitted to a "lunatic asylum" in April 1876. James's daughter wrote to Sister Blandina years later in Cincinnati and thanked her for her "loving, dauntless, courageous heart." Segale's encounters with Old West outlaws later became the stuff of legend and were the subject of an episode of the CBS series Death Valley Days. The episode, called The Fastest Nun in the West, focused on her efforts to save a man from a lynch mob. According to one story, she received a tip that Billy the Kid was coming to her town to scalp the four doctors who had refused to treat his friend's gunshot wound. Segale nursed the friend to health, and when Billy came to Trinidad, Colorado, to thank her, she asked him to abandon his violent plan. He agreed. Another story says Billy the Kid and his gang attempted to rob the covered wagon in which she was traveling on the frontier. When he looked inside, he saw Segale. At that, Billy the Kidd simply tipped his hat and rode off in deference to her safety and the debt he owed her. Many of the tales were recorded in letters Segale wrote to her sister, and which were later published in a book entitled At the End of the Santa Fe Trail. Path to sainthood Sister Blandina was the inspiration for a new direction for the CHI St. Joseph's Children Catholic charity in Albuquerque, NM. The organization focuses on funding women to make home visits to low-income mothers and babies. Allen Sánchez and members of the charity were the first supporters for Blandina's sainthood. The "cause" was officially opened on 29 June 2014. On 25 August 2015, supporters and researchers presented their case before the Archdiocese of Santa Fe at a ceremonial “first inquiry” in Albuquerque on why Sister Blandina Segale should become a saint. The public inquiry, headed by the former Archbishop of Santa Fe Michael Jarboe Sheehan, was aimed at determining if there was enough evidence to move her case through the largely secret process through the Vatican. Segale is the first person in New Mexico's over 400-year history to be vetted for sainthood. Peso Chavez, a private investigator was hired to help make the case. Correspondence Segale's experiences in areas east of the Rio Grande and south of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains (in Santa Fe County, New Mexico) were told through her diary At the End of the Santa Fe Trail, first published by Columbian Press in 1932, reprinted by Bruce Publishing, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 1948). The book was based on the letters she exchanged with her sister Justine, who was also a religious sister in Ohio, with whom she enjoyed a long letter-writing relationship (the book was published in Italy in the mid-nineties with the title An Italian Nun in the West.) Quotes Segale fought against the injustices committed against the Native Americans and supported their civil rights; she wrote: "Poor wild hearts, how they feel full of anger and treated unfairly." In her letters, Segale referred to Billy the Kid: "His eyes were blue-gray, rosy complexion, and the air of a little boy... [looking no] more than seventeen years. He was an innocent, if not for the iron firmness of purpose, good or bad, that we read in the corner of my eye;... could choose the right path and instead chose the wrong." When she learned of his death, she noted: "Poor Billy the Kid, thus ending the career of a young man who started down the slope at the age of twelve to avenge an insult that had been done to his mother." Knowledge of Sister Blandina Most of the research about Segale was undertaken by her religious congregation and by the Library of Cicagna, the small town in the Fontanabuona Valley from which her family originated. She was known as the Nun with spurs. Necessary, it was also busy with its own article to the newspaper the Port Informer Genoa. In June 2003 a character based on her co-starred in the episode of Magico Vento (Italian comic published by Sergio Bonelli Editore ) titled "Jericho". The editorial page titled Blizzard Gazette of that number is dedicated to her story. In issue #74 (Niagara Falls, August 2003), Gianfranco Manfredi, series creator and curator of the publication, says that the story of Sister Blandina generated a lot of interest from readers, many of whom demanded her return. Segale was portrayed in two episodes of the syndicated western television series, Death Valley Days. The first was the 1966 episode "The Fastest Nun in the West", hosted by Ronald W. Reagan. Julie Sommars portrayed the Sister as she sought justice for a killer, despite heavy sentiment for his hanging. In the 1967 episode "Lost Sheep in Trinidad", Mariette Hartley played Sister Blandina. She aids a seriously wounded outlaw that tells her of his friend and avenger, Billy the Kid. References External links Sister Blandina Segale, SC official site 1850 births 1941 deaths 19th-century venerated Christians 20th-century venerated Christians American letter writers Women letter writers American Roman Catholic missionaries 20th-century American Roman Catholic nuns Schoolteachers from Ohio American Servants of God Daughters and Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul Female Roman Catholic missionaries Italian emigrants to the United States People from the Kingdom of Sardinia Roman Catholic missionaries in the United States Writers from Cincinnati American women non-fiction writers American women educators
Lipinki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grabów nad Pilicą, within Kozienice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately east of Grabów nad Pilicą, north-west of Kozienice, and south of Warsaw. References Lipinki
Fleet Logistics Support Squadron 30 (VRC-30) was an aviation unit of the United States Navy tasked with carrier onboard delivery. The squadron was nicknamed "Providers" and was based at Naval Air Station North Island, California (USA). In contrast to most other U.S. Navy squadrons, VRC-30 consisted of five separately named detachments, which were assigned to different carrier air wings. History VRC-30 was originally established as Air Transport Squadron 5 (VR-5) on 24 June 1943 at Naval Air Station Seattle. The squadron was operated the Douglas R4D Skytrain, Douglas R5D Skymaster, Beechcraft SNB Expeditor , and the Noorduyn JA-1 Norseman in regular service to Seattle, Washington, Oakland, California, San Francisco, the Aleutian Islands, Fairbanks, Alaska , and Point Barrow, Alaska. In 1948, the Naval Air Transportation Service and Air Transport Command of the United States Air Force merged and became the Military Air Transport Service (MATS). VR-5 was placed under the command of the newly formed MATS and assigned to the U.S. Pacific Fleet. 1950s In 1950, VR-5 moved its base of operations from NAS Seattle to Naval Air Station Moffett Field, California. Detachments were established in Seattle and at Naval Air Station North Island, California. VR-5 was decommissioned on 15 July 1957 and became VR-21, with detachments at Naval Air Facility Atsugi, Japan and NAS North Island. VR-21 was the first squadron to fly dedicated carrier onboard delivery (COD) aircraft, the Grumman TBM-3R Avenger. On 26 June 1958, the VR-21 NAS North Island Detachment was equiped with the Grumman C-1A Trader. The detachment relocated to NAS Alameda in 1960. The squadron also operated the Douglas C-118B Liftmaster from Naval Air Station Barbers Point, Hawaii, into the early 1970s. 1960s and 1970s On 1 October 1966 VR-21 was decommissioned. The Atsugi detachment was redesignated VRC-50, and the Alameda Detachment was redesignated VR-30, equipped with Convair C-131 Samaritan and C-1A Trader aircraft. On 9 November 1966, VR-30 made their first landing in the C-1A aboard the aircraft carrier . The squadron was awarded the Meritorious Unit Commendation for exemplary service from 1 January to 30 November 1967. From 1968 to 1973, VR-30 COD detachments also operated aboard various carriers in support of recovery operations for Apollo 10, 11, 12, and 16. In 1969, squadron C-1As and crews operated from Danang, Vietnam, in support of the U.S. Navy's Task Force 77, the carrier strike force operating in the Gulf of Tonkin during the Vietnam War. In 1971, VR-30 received its first jet aircaft with two North American CT-39 Saberliner for executive airlift. In May 1973 the squadron received the first of four McDonnell Douglas C-9B Skytrain II. On 12 March 1974 the U.S. Navy's first female aviator, Lieutenant (Junior Grade) Barbara A. Allen reported for duty. After relocating to NAS North Island, VR-30 was decommissioned on 1 October 1978 and VRC-30 was concurrently commissioned. 1980s In February 1980, VRC-30 was also tasked with training aviators on the Beechcraft C-12 Huron. IN late 1985, VRC-30 retired the 6 C-1A Trader and transitioned to the Grumman C-2A Greyhound by accepting deliveries of five C-2A Greyhounds. These were later replaced by newer C-2A(R). 1990s In 1994 VRC-30 became the took sole United States Pacific Fleet COD squadron as VRC-50 was decommissioned and its personnel and aircraft were transferred to VRC-30. VRC-30 Detachment 5 was established in August 1994 at Naval Air Facility Atsugi, Japan as part of Carrier Air Wing Five. Four other detachments were formed at NAS North Island, supported by a shore component. In 1997 VRC-30 Detachment 1 earned the Golden Hook Award for the best landing grades in the air wing aboard . Detachment 2 supported U.S. Navy carrier operations aboard during Operation Desert Fox and Operation Southern Watch. In the calendar year 1998, VRC-30 made 1356 carrier landings, transported 14,360 passengers, 1,877,973 lbs (938.986,5 kg) of cargo, and had a sortie completion rate of 99.9%. In December 1999, the squadron has achieved 24 years and over 149,600 hours of accident-free flight. VRC-30 was awarded the Chief of Naval Operations Safety Award six times between 1979 and 1992 and the Meritorious Unit Commendation for exemplary service from October 1993 to September 1994. In 1996 and 1998, VRC-30 received the Battle Efficiency Award. 2000s The squadron supported Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom and also earned the Battle Efficiency Award in 2002 and 2003. In 2004 VRC-30 ended the C-12 operations. The years to follow saw several major developments and upgrades in the C-2A, beginning with the critical Service Life Extension Program (SLEP) in 2006. The SLEP increased the airframe lifespan from 10,000 flight hours or 15,000 carrier landings to 15,000 flight hours or 36,000 carrier landings. The program allowed the aircraft to operate until 2027. The SLEP was followed by an aircraft rewire in 2008, and the "LOT 4" upgrade in August 2010. The LOT 4 upgrade, completed in September 2012, provided pilots with a new glass cockpit and the eight-bladed NP2000 propeller system, which increased performance, reduced airframe vibration, and improved maintainability. During this period, VRC-30 earned five more Battle Efficiency awards in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2011 and 2012. On 22 November 2017 a VRC-30 Detachment 5 C-2A carrying 11 passengers and crew crashed into the Philippine Sea 90.1 miles (145 km) Northwest of Okinotorishima while flying from Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni to . 8 people were recovered but 3 were not found. It was the first loss of a C-2 since 2005, and the first fatal accident of VRC-30 since 1973. The aircraft was located at a depth of 18,500ft (5,640 meters) in the last week of December 2017, when a salvage ship used a pinger receiver to locate the aircraft's emergency signal. VRC-30 was loosely associated with the North Island Association of Active Duty Fixed Wing Carrier Transport Pilots, a fraternal organization of C-2A pilots in San Diego. The NIAADFWCTP was famous throughout the Southern California area, particularly for their enthusiastic participation in the Coronado Fourth of July Parade in 2018 and 2019. Tasked with recruiting midshipmen and officer candidates to pursue careers in naval aviation, the NIAADFWCTP saved countless lives, careers and marriages by convincing people to Fly Fast and Turn Left instead of going subs or SWO. With the retirement of the C-2A Greyhound, VRC-30 Det.5 at Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni, Japan, will be assigned to VRC-40 on 30 September 2023. The final flight of a C-2A Greyhound of VRC-30 took place on 20 September 2023 and the squadron will be deactivated on 8 December 2023. Detachments See also History of the United States Navy List of United States Navy aircraft squadrons References External links VRC-30 Official Website Fleet logistics support squadrons of the United States Navy
Hot Flesh Rumble - The Scaramanga Six Live in Session is a compilation album by The Scaramanga Six. It compiles live-in-the-studio recordings made for radio between 2004 and 2007, and was released in between the band's fourth and fifth studio albums. Reception Reviewing the album in Vibrations magazine, Rob Paul Chapman wrote "It would be easy to conclude that these are just off-cuts and make-weights but the scale of the songs in such a confined environment breathes new life into the recorded work... Shorn of the bells and whistles, with the energy of a live performance, there is a strong argument for "Elemental" and "Pincers" to be considered the definitive recordings" Track listing Personnel Paul Morricone – vocals, guitars, baritone saxophone Steven Morricone – vocals, bass guitar, tenor saxophone Julia Arnez – guitars, vocals Chris Catalyst - organ, piano, backing vocals, trombone, drums Gareth Champion - drums (tracks 9-18) Anthony Sargeant - drums (tracks 1-8) References 2008 compilation albums The Scaramanga Six albums
Republica is an English alternative rock band formed in 1994. Republica may also refer to: re:publica, a yearly conference in Berlin República (district of São Paulo), Brazil Republica, Australian literary journal published 1994–5, see List of literary magazines Republica (newspaper), Nepalese newspaper Republica A/S, a Danish advertising company República, LLC, an advertising company headquartered in Miami, Florida República metro station (Santiago), in Santiago, Chile Republica metro station, in Bucharest, Romania See also La República (disambiguation) La Repubblica, an Italian newspaper Republic (disambiguation) Republika (disambiguation)
Patrick Alexander "Pat" Gomez (born March 17, 1968) is an American former Major League Baseball pitcher. Gomez played for the San Diego Padres in 1993 and the San Francisco Giants from 1994 to 1995. He batted and threw left-handed. Gomez attended San Juan High School and was drafted by the Chicago Cubs in the fourth round of the 1986 Major League Baseball draft. References External links 1968 births Living people San Diego Padres players San Francisco Giants players Sportspeople from Roseville, California Baseball players from Placer County, California Charleston Wheelers players Charlotte Knights players Greenville Braves players Peoria Chiefs players Phoenix Firebirds players Richmond Braves players San Jose Giants players Winston-Salem Spirits players Wytheville Cubs players
Farideh Oladghobad () is an Iranian educator and reformist politician who was a member of the Parliament of Iran, representing Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr electoral district, from 2016 to 2020. Career Oladghobad is a teacher training expert in Ministry of Education. Electoral history References 1970 births Living people People from Kuhdasht Iranian educators Members of the 10th Islamic Consultative Assembly Members of the Women's fraction of Islamic Consultative Assembly University of Tehran alumni
Joan Bosch Palau (31 May 1925 - 17 November 2015) was a Spanish film director and screenwriter. In 1946 he travelled to Morocco to work as military at the same time he was directing Las aventuras del capitán Guido (1946). He returned to Madrid and he worked as screenwriter with Antonio del Amo. He died on 18 November 2015. Filmography Director Screenwriter References External links 1925 births 2015 deaths Spanish male screenwriters Film directors from Catalonia
Alexis Musialek (born 4 July 1988) is a French former tennis player. Musialek had a career high ATP singles ranking of 255 achieved on 20 July 2015. He also had a career high ATP doubles ranking of 421 achieved on 3 August 2015. Musialek made his Grand Slam main draw debut at the 2018 French Open in the mixed doubles draw partnering Kristina Mladenovic. He reached round 2 of the tournament, losing to Demi Schuurs and Matwé Middelkoop. In 2023, he was banned for life from professional tennis and fined $50,000 after the International Tennis Integrity Agency found that he had committed 39 offenses, including fixing nine matches between 2016 and 2018. Challenger and Futures/World Tennis Tour Finals Singles: 22 (9–13) References External links 1988 births Living people Kentucky Wildcats men's tennis players French male tennis players Tennis players from Paris Match fixing in tennis Match fixers
EarthCruiser is an Australian company that designs and manufactures off-road recreational vehicles and truck campers for expedition and overlanding. The company was founded in 2008 by Lance Gillies and Michelle Boltz after the couple could not find a suitable overland vehicle for undertaking the Great Sandy Desert. EarthCruiser's motto is, "Go Further, Stay Longer." Production As of late 2020, EarthCruiser employs over 24 workers who hand-build about 30 expedition vehicles per year. Each vehicle takes approximately three and a half to four months to complete. Vehicles for the U.S. market are built in Bend, Oregon, while vehicles in the Australian market are built in North Wollongong, New South Wales. History 2008: Founded by Australian Lance Gillies and his American wife, Michelle Boltz in Brisbane, Australia. 2009: Introduced EarthCruiser, the company's first production expedition vehicle based on the Mitsubishi Fuso chassis. 2011: Introduced EarthCruiser EXP, an expedition vehicle with an electric pop-up roof. 2013: Moved company headquarters to Bend, Oregon to be closer to family. 2015: Introduced EarthCruiser FX, an expedition vehicle with a fixed-roof. 2017: Introduced GZL, the company's first production slide-in camper for pickup trucks, equipped with a pop-up roof. 2018: Introduced EXD, a camper body and vehicle modification package for American one-ton pickup truck chassis'. 2018: Introduced MOD, a customizable version of the GZL slide-in camper body for pickup trucks. 2020: Introduced Dual Cab versions of the EarthCruiser FX and EXP. 2020: Introduced Terranova, an expedition vehicle based on various American one-ton pickup truck platforms. 2022: Announced EarthCruiser EXP, FX, and the CORE commercial vehicle's transition to the Isuzu NPR Series chassis. 2022: Announced EarthCruiser Adventure, a tour division overseeing training expeditions for small groups of EarthCruiser owners. 2023: Announced an expansion into overlanding products for EV, starting with slide-in campers for EV trucks. Vehicles EarthCruiser (2009–present) The EarthCruiser company shares their name with the original prototype and first production expedition vehicle line released in 2009. Built on the single cab Mitsubishi Fuso Canter 4x4 chassis, the RV was powered by the standard GM Vortec 6.0L V8 or an optional 3.0L four-cylinder turbo diesel engine. The gasoline V8 model had a driving range of 600 miles while the less-powerful diesel variant range was 900 miles. In 2020, a dual cab version of the platform was released which had four doors with four seats instead of two doors with two seats. In 2022, the EarthCruiser chassis transitioned to the Isuzu NPR Series Class 4 platform, powered by the GM 6.6L Duramax turbo diesel engine. The EarthCruiser fiberglass camper bodies are insulated to help reduce energy usage. The rounded shape is intended to reduce wind drag at higher speeds and avoid accidental contact with terrain while on a trail. Depending on the model, the body may have a fixed or electric pop-up roof upon which solar panels are mounted that feed the onboard battery and electrical system. Other exterior attachments include an electric awning and recovery winch. An EarthCruiser camper body is attached to a vehicle chassis using kinetic spring mounts to prevent stress and damage to the body structure. Inside the camper, amenities include a shower, slide-out toilet, sink, refrigerator/freezer, mini wine cellar, dinette table, and two beds which can sleep up to four people. EarthCruiser EXP (2011–present) The EarthCruiser EXP is the model that company-founder Lance Gillies considers to be the original EarthCruiser. Introduced in 2011, it is the most expensive model, equipped with an electrically-operated roof that increases the ceiling height by 24 inches the extra height allowing a 360 degree view out of the canopy. When lowered, the diminished roof line allows the vehicle to fit more easily into a shipping container. EarthCruiser FX (2015–present) The EarthCruiser FX is a more basic, lower-priced model with a stationary roof. Introduced in 2015, it is engineered to better handle extreme temperatures as the body is fully insulated, unlike the canopy portion of the EXP model. The roofline sits eight inches above the cab roof, but is still compact enough to fit into a shipping container. Terranova (2021–present) The Terranova is an expedition vehicle built on a Chevrolet, Ford, or RAM one-ton pickup truck chassis. First announced in 2020, the platform is targeted at owners with strong brand preferences or feel more comfortable operating a consumer-class vehicle over a commercial-grade truck. A domestically-manufactured chassis also allows better availability of parts and more familiar maintenance procedures. The camper body is constructed of fiberglass with a foam core, molded into a cab-over configuration, and bolted to the vehicle chassis using a kinetic mount system. The roof can be electrically raised for a panoramic view using a similar setup to that of the EXD and EXP, including the canopy with integrated vinyl windows, insect and privacy screens. When raised the canopy allows the camper to sleep up to four people. When lowered, the RV is more compact for trails and more aerodynamic. Solar panels are mounted on top of the roof to supply the onboard battery and electrical system. Inside the camper, amenities include a bathroom, sink, induction cooktop, refrigerator/freezer, ventilation fan, and an optional air conditioner. A shower is also included, however it is located on the outside of the unit. CORE (2021–present) The CORE is a chassis cab expedition vehicle; a camper body is not included. Introduced in 2022, the model has the same Isuzu NPR Series Class 4 chassis as the EarthCruiser EXP and FX vehicles, powered by a GM 6.6L Duramax turbo diesel engine and available in a single or dual cab configuration. The nature of the body allows the customer to customise the vehicle for their purposes. Camper bodies EXD (2018–2020) The EXD was a camper body and vehicle modification package designed for a 2017 or newer Chevrolet, Ford, or Ram 1-ton long-bed pickup truck chassis. Introduced in 2018, the package required customers to provide their own chassis cab, but in return, they could select the vehicle brand, cab size, and engine type. The camper body was connected to the vehicle chassis using EarthCruiser kinetic mounts, or alternatively attached to a flat bed as a quicker and cheaper option. Mounting to the chassis was part of an "Expedition Package" which included camper body side skirts and a cab pass-through. Donor vehicles would also receive upgraded bumpers, wheels and suspension as part of the deal. The camper body was a non-cab-over design with molded body lines meant to match those of the vehicle cab. Composed of one inch thick insulated fiberglass, the walls were angled to avoid trees while on the trail and lessen wind noise on the road. The roof was four inches thick and electrically-operated to raise for 360 degree visibility inside the camper, similar to that of the EarthCruiser EXP expedition vehicle. On top, the roof was recessed for standard solar panels which fed the onboard battery and electrical system. Inside, the camper was equipped with amenities including a walk-through shower, sink, refrigerator, induction cooktop, roof-fan system, dinette table, and a bed for two, although there was sky bed option for children as well. Overall, the unit weighed about 3,000 pounds. EV (2023–present) The EV slide-in camper body is currently in a pre-order status so not many details are known. As part of the deposit program, customers are relaying their preferences which could potentially tweak the product outcome. The new model will be compatible with both EV and non-EV vehicles. GZL (2017–2020) The GZL was EarthCruiser's first slide-in camper body. Introduced in 2017, it was intended to be an affordable alternative to the more expensive EarthCruiser vehicles. Multiple versions of the body allowed the product line to fit both mid-size and full-size pickup trucks. The unit itself was constructed of insulated fiberglass and was molded into a cab-over configuration. Similar to the higher-end expedition vehicles, the camper featured amenities such as a shower, portable toilet, dinette table, refrigerator and a queen-sized bed. Unlike the EXP and EXD, the solar panel-integrated pop-top roof only lifted on one end and did not do so electrically. GZL 300 The 300 was a narrow version of the GZL, designed to fit mid-size pickup trucks including the Toyota Tacoma, Chevrolet Colorado, GMC Canyon, Dodge Dakota, Honda Ridgeline, and Ford Ranger. The unit weighed about 1,200 pounds. GZL 400 The 400 was a wide version of the GZL, designed to fit full-size pickup trucks including the Toyota Tundra, Nissan Titan, Chevrolet Silverado, GMC Sierra, Dodge Ram 1500, and Ford F-150.The unit weighed about 1,500 pounds. GZL 500 The 500 was a version of the GZL designed specifically for flatbed truck installation. MOD (2018–2021) The MOD, an acronym for "My Own Design," was EarthCruiser's most customizable product and considered to be a low-cost version of the GZL. Introduced in 2018, the slide-in fiberglass camper body came in a cab-over configuration with a pop-up roof and overhead lights. Additionally, the unit had a variety of PAKs (Personal Accessory Kits) that could be added or removed from the camper. PAK options included small or large seat boxes, sink system, storage cabinet, counter extensioner, toilet cabinet, and a cooler cabinet. MOD 300 The 300 was a narrow version of the MOD, designed to fit 2012 or newer mid-size pickup trucks including the Toyota Tacoma, Chevrolet Colorado, GMC Canyon, Dodge Dakota, Honda Ridgeline, and Ford Ranger. The unit weighed about 700 pounds. MOD 400 The 400 was a wide version of the MOD, designed to fit 2012 or newer full-size pickup trucks including the Toyota Tundra, Nissan Titan, Chevrolet Silverado, GMC Sierra, Dodge Ram 1500, and Ford F-150.The unit weighed about 800 pounds. Training expeditions EarthCruiser Adventures are training expeditions for small groups of EarthCruiser owners. The domestic and overseas journeys are staffed by tour guides who help participants develop their overlanding skills, including driving, navigation, and cooking. EarthCruiser expedition vehicles that are eligible for the trip include models EXP, FX and Terranova. References Vehicle manufacturing companies Vehicle manufacturers of the United States Recreational vehicle manufacturers
Dwight Joyce Ingle (September 4, 1907 – July 28, 1978) was an American physiologist and endocrinologist who was the chairman of the physiology department at the University of Chicago. His obituary in the National Academy of Sciences' Biographical Memoirs described him as "a first-rank, pioneering scientist in a new and uncharted field [i.e. endocrinology]." Ingle is known for his development of a bioassay for adrenocortical hormones in rats that was used to purify cortisone. He conducted much of the research that led to the development of this assay while working at the company Upjohn. He later resigned from Upjohn after the company's owner insisted on marketing a compound that showed no activity when tested with Ingle's own assay. He also conducted pioneering research on the ergogenic effects of exposure to glucocorticoids. He was also known for his controversial views on race and intelligence, arguing in 1961 that "there are reasons for thinking that racial differences in intelligence may be real", and for his criticisms of desegregation efforts, arguing that "the random mixing of races in schools and housing...[was] neither scientifically sound nor morally right." When weighing in on the 'population problem' and the debate on federally funded sterilization of welfare beneficiaries, he is quoted as saying, "millions of people are unqualified for parenthood and should remain childless." Ingle was the founding editor-in-chief of Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, which was the first academic journal dedicated exclusively to the publication of essays. He served as the president of the Endocrine Society from 1959 to 1960. He was also a member of the National Academy of Sciences, a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. References 1907 births 1978 deaths Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences American physiologists American endocrinologists Scientists from Idaho University of Chicago faculty University of Idaho alumni University of Minnesota alumni Academic journal editors Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences People from Latah County, Idaho 20th-century American scientists

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