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Herkimer is a town in Herkimer County, New York, United States, southeast of Utica. It is named after Nicholas Herkimer. The population was 10,175 at the 2010 census.
The town contains a village also called Herkimer. Herkimer County Community College is located in Herkimer village.
History
Herkimer was first settled circa 1722, in an area originally called "Stone Ridge", now the village of Herkimer. Early settlers were primarily German Palatines.
Johan Jost Herchheimer, a farmer who also engaged in trade and transport on the Mohawk River, settled in the German Flatts District of Albany County in 1725, on the south side of the Mohawk River, within the present-day town of German Flatts, incorporated in 1788. He owned of the land, including a strategic portage around Little Falls on the Mohawk, where his eldest son Nicholas Herkimer established a farmstead. In 1788, the town of Herkimer, on the north side of the river, was incorporated and named after him.
During the French and Indian War, the Mohawk Valley was ravaged by raids of the French and their native allies. By 1770, Nicholas had established great wealth through farming and trade during the wars, and had also gained military experience as a captain of a militia. He would later fight in the Battle of Oriskany.
In 1906, the murder trial of Chester Gillette brought many spectators to the county courthouse in Herkimer village.
The Herkimer County shootings took place partially in Herkimer on March 13, 2013.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of . Land comprises of the town, and of the town (1.76%) are water.
West Canada Creek empties into the Mohawk River by Herkimer village. On the opposite shore of the Mohawk River are the villages of Mohawk and Ilion.
The New York State Thruway and New York State Route 5 run through the southwestern part of the town. New York State Route 28 is a north–south highway that intersects NY-5 in Herkimer village.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 9,962 people, 4,114 households, and 2,386 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 4,513 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 96.83% White, 0.97% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, 1.03% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.41% from other races, and 0.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.17% of the population.
There were 4,114 households, out of which 25.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.8% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.0% were non-families. 32.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.90.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 20.2% under the age of 18, 12.9% from 18 to 24, 23.0% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 21.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.1 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $28,763, and the median income for a family was $42,296. Males had a median income of $30,828 versus $20,845 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,211. About 7.9% of families and 13.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.9% of those under age 18 and 10.9% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in the Town of Herkimer
Beacon Light Corners – A location near the western town line.
East Herkimer – A hamlet east of Herkimer village on NY-5.
Eatonville – A hamlet near the northeastern corner of the town.
Hasenclever Hill – An elevation located north of Herkimer.
Herkimer – The village of Herkimer is by the southern town line, on NY-5 by the Mohawk River.
Kast Bridge – A hamlet north of Herkimer village on NY-28.
Mirror Lake – A small lake north of Herkimer village.
Oak Hill – An elevation located northwest of Herkimer. Located partially in the Town of Schuyler.
Osborne Hill – An elevation located northwest of Herkimer. Located partially in the Town of Schuyler.
Schrader Hill – An elevation located north of Herkimer; partially in the Town of Newport.
Steuben Hill – An elevation located northwest of Herkimer.
References
Herkimer Home, State Historical Site – Little Falls, NY
Herkimer, NY (Route 5)
External links
Early history of Herkimer, New York
Town of Herkimer official website
Herkimer County Historical Society website
Utica–Rome metropolitan area
Populated places established in 1922
Towns in Herkimer County, New York
Towns in New York (state)
1922 establishments in New York (state) |
```python
import demistomock as demisto # noqa: F401
from CommonServerPython import * # noqa: F401
import traceback
import requests
# Disable insecure warnings
requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings() # type: ignore[attr-defined] # pylint: disable=no-member
''' CLIENT CLASS '''
class Client(BaseClient):
"""Client class to interact with the OpenAI API
"""
def __init__(self, base_url: str, api_key: str, proxy: bool, verify: bool):
super().__init__(base_url=base_url, proxy=proxy, verify=verify)
self.api_key = api_key
self.headers = {'Authorization': f'Bearer {self.api_key}',
'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
def completions(self, prompt: str, model: str = "text-davinci-003", temperature: float = 0.7,
max_tokens: int = 256, top_p: float = 1, frequency_penalty: int = 0,
presence_penalty: int = 0) -> dict:
"""Enter an instruction and watch the OpenAI API respond with a completion that attempts to match the context
or pattern you provided.
:type prompt: ``str``
:param prompt: Instruction
:type model: ``str``
:param model: The model which will generate the completion.
:type temperature: ``float``
:param temperature: Controls randomness: Lowering results in less random completions.
:type max_tokens: ``int``
:param max_tokens: The maximum number of tokens to generate.
:type top_p: ``float``
:param top_p: Controls Diversity via nucleus sampling
:type frequency_penalty: ``int``
:param frequency_penalty: How much to penalize new tokens based on their existing frequency in the text so far.
:type presence_penalty: ``int``
:param presence_penalty: How much to penalize new tokens based on whether they appear in the text so far.
:return: response of the OpenAI Completion API
:rtype: ``dict``
"""
data = {
"model": model,
"prompt": prompt,
"temperature": temperature,
"max_tokens": max_tokens,
"top_p": top_p,
"frequency_penalty": frequency_penalty,
"presence_penalty": presence_penalty
}
return self._http_request(method='POST', url_suffix='v1/completions', json_data=data, headers=self.headers,
resp_type='json', ok_codes=(200,), )
''' COMMAND FUNCTIONS '''
def test_module_command(client):
"""
Tests OpenAPI connectivity
"""
result = client.completions(prompt="Can I connect to the OpenAI api?")
if result:
return 'ok'
else:
return 'Did not receive a response from OpenAI API'
def reputations_command(client: Client, args: dict) -> CommandResults:
"""Enter an instruction and watch the OpenAI API respond with a completion that attempts to match the context
or pattern you provided.
:type client: ``Client``
:param client: instance of Client class to interact with OpenAI API
:type args: ``dict``
:param args: arguments
:return: CommandResults instance of the OpenAI Completion API response
:rtype: ``CommandResults``
"""
prompt = args.get('prompt', False)
if not prompt:
raise ValueError('No prompt argument was provided')
model = args.get('model', 'text-davinci-003')
temperature = args.get('temperature') or 0.7
max_tokens = args.get('max_tokens') or 256
top_p = args.get('top_p') or 1
frequency_penalty = args.get('frequency_penalty') or 0
presence_penalty = args.get('presence_penalty') or 0
response = client.completions(prompt=prompt, model=model, temperature=float(temperature),
max_tokens=int(max_tokens), top_p=int(top_p),
frequency_penalty=int(frequency_penalty), presence_penalty=int(presence_penalty))
meta = None
context = None
if response and isinstance(response, dict):
model = response.get('model')
id = response.get('id')
choices = response.get('choices', [])
meta = f"Model {response.get('model')} generated {len(choices)} possible text completion(s)."
context = [{'id': id, 'model': model, 'text': choice.get('text')} for choice in choices]
return CommandResults(
readable_output=tableToMarkdown('OpenAI - Completions', context, metadata=meta, removeNull=True),
outputs_prefix='OpenAI.Completions',
outputs_key_field='id',
outputs=context,
raw_response=response
)
''' MAIN FUNCTION '''
def main() -> None:
"""main function, parses params and runs command functions
"""
params = demisto.params()
args = demisto.args()
command = demisto.command()
base_url = params.get('url')
api_key = params.get('apikey')
verify = not params.get('insecure', False)
proxy = params.get('proxy', False)
try:
client = Client(
base_url=base_url,
api_key=api_key,
verify=verify,
proxy=proxy
)
if command == 'test-module':
return_results(test_module_command(client))
elif command == 'openai-completions':
return_results(reputations_command(client=client, args=args))
except Exception as e:
demisto.error(traceback.format_exc()) # print the traceback
return_error(f'Failed to execute {demisto.command()} command. Error: {str(e)}')
''' ENTRY POINT '''
if __name__ in ('__main__', 'builtin', 'builtins'):
main()
``` |
Alex Frederick Sulfsted (born December 21, 1977) is a former American football offensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins and Cincinnati Bengals. He played college football at Miami University and was drafted in the sixth round of the 2001 NFL Draft by the Kansas City Chiefs. Alex retired from the NFL to pursue a career in real estate.
Alex married Meggan Yeager in May 2006.
References
1977 births
Living people
American football offensive guards
American football offensive tackles
Cincinnati Bengals players
Miami RedHawks football players
People from Lebanon, Ohio
Sportspeople from Warren County, Ohio
Washington Redskins players |
Alex & Co. is an Italian television series that first aired on Disney Channel Italy on May 11, 2015. It was created by Marina Efron Versiglia and stars Leonardo Cecchi, Eleonora Gaggero, Beatrice Vendramin, Saul Nanni, and Federico Russo, as well as English actress Olivia-Mai Barrett in the special season episodes.
The first season premiered in Italy on May 11, 2015, and ended on May 27, 2015. The second season debuted on September 27, 2015, ending on November 29. On January 30, 2016, Disney Channel confirmed that the series was renewed for a third season, which aired from September 24, 2016, to February 18, 2017. The series ended with a set of special episodes from June 26, 2017. An English-dubbed version of the series aired in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Middle Eastern regions and South Africa.
There was a feature film made for the series, How to Grow Up Despite Your Parents (Come diventare grandi nonostante i genitori), and a spin-off series, Penny on M.A.R.S., that premiered on May 7, 2018. The series follows Alex Leoni, an Italian teen, and his friends Christian Alessi, Nicole de Ponte, Sam Costa and Emma Ferrari as they are students at the Melsher Institute.
Plot
Episodes
Season 1
The series tells the story of Alex, a smart, brave and well-intentioned teenager who starts high school at the Melcher Institute. It also follows his childhood friends such as Nicole, a sensitive girl who is secretly in love with Alex; and Christian, an athlete who is popular with girls. They quickly become friends with Sam, a shy student, and an attractive girl named Emma, whom Alex falls in love with. They also make the acquaintance of Linda and her group of fake friends: Samantha, Rebecca, Tom, and Barto. Alex soon realizes that high school will not be the party he imagined. Headmaster Ferrari wants the institution to maintain its lead rank in academics, so he bans extracurricular activities like music and acting. Their literature teacher, Professor Belli, encourages the students to follow their dreams nonetheless.
Linda sends Alex and his friends to a forbidden part of the school where the group discovers a secret place in the basement. They form a band called Sound Aloud, and soon after they publish their first song. When Mr. Smith, a record producer, discovers the group, he offers them an album deal, under the condition that Sam be left out. Headmaster Ferrari does not want his daughter Emma to sing at the festival that the band is performing at, so Nicole takes her place to sing with Alex for a duet that the two had written. Linda spills coffee on Nicole's shirt before the concert, so Nicole changes into a dress that she doesn't want to perform in. She stays in the dressing room for two hours. When she finally comes out of her the dressing room in a red dress, she and Alex sing the song he wrote. Together, they finish the song, and after the performance, Alex realizes he has fallen in love with Nicole. He expresses his feelings to her, even though he is already in a relationship with Emma.
At the end of the year, the Melcher Institute wins the academic race, and the principal organizes a year-end concert to raise money for Sam's scholarship. Shortly before the concert, Emma tells Alex that she saw the way he and Nicole acted and they agree to break up because they both don't know what they feel for each other anymore, allowing Alex and Nicole to be together. Nicole overhears Alex telling Christian that he and Nicole can never be together, leading to her getting angry at Alex.
On the night of the concert, Linda traps Nicole and Alex in passageways under the stage. Alex and Nicole try to get out of the tunnels but stop and start talking. Alex tells Nicole why he didn't want to date her at first, and then they make up and share a kiss. They get out of the tunnels and perform with the rest of the group. The concert is a success, and Professor Belli is admitted as their literature teacher again. Headmaster Ferrari announces that they will have spaces to practice music and drama for the following year. In the end, Christian realizes he is in love with Emma, while Alex's parents tell Mr. Belli that they plan on moving to the United States without Alex's knowledge.
Season 2
Summer is over and Alex's parents announce that they plan to move the family to the United States. Alex and his older brother Joe are not happy with the news, and with the help of their friends, they try to stay. Eventually, while Joe finds a way to stay, Alex realizes he must move because their mother is ill, and he decides to accompany her. When their mother faints as they pack, the family panics, only to discover that she is not ill, but actually pregnant. The doctor advises her not to leave the country, thus the move was cancelled. Meanwhile, the Melsher Institute begins a new year and the group cannot wait to spend time together again. Rebecca and Sam realize they love each other and become a couple.
The band decides to participate in The Talent, a show where they get the chance to win a recording contract and a European tour. They decide to change the name of the band to 'Alex & Co'. Meanwhile, Linda and her friends form a band called The Lindas, and her mother buys them a song from Mr. Smith, who is now one of the talent show's panelists. Sam discovers the deception and the group plans to reveal it to the creator of The Talent.
Tension among the members of Alex & Co. cause Alex and Nicole to have an on-and-off relationship; eventually reuniting as a couple. Emma and Christian also date, though a lie told by Linda causes them to break up until Rebecca reveals the truth. Alex & Co. separate for some time, during which Alex is offered a solo recording contract. Instead, he chooses to bring the band back together. As Alex & Co. are about to perform on stage, Joe announces to Alex that their mother has given birth to a baby girl. After meeting his new baby sister, Alex performs "We Are One". The band reveals the deception of The Lindas, and Alex & Co. win The Talent. Nicole feels overwhelmed by the pressure of her being a semi-celebrity, so she decides to leave the band, and end her relationship with Alex.
Season 3
First half
With Nicole having left the band, Alex & Co. starts to record their album, but Emma leaves the band when she loses her voice and has to get surgery. She also finds out that her father was fired as headmaster, but he is rehired soon after. Alex and Nicole mend their friendship, but instead of rejoining the band, she gets involved in saving a local theatre, The Blue Factory, which is run by her former babysitter Sara. Linda returns as a calmer and friendlier person, and The Lindas join Alex and Co. A new student named Clio arrives at the Melsher Institute, who is new in the area after having been bullied in her former school and deciding to quit her dream of being a dancer. She has a troubled relationship with Alex, but he sees through her hardened exterior. They grow closer and start dating.
Frustrated with the direction that their new manager Diana is taking the band in, Alex creates a secret masked internet artist persona named 'Nobody', and releases a song called "I Am Nobody" online, which finds worldwide success. Sam's personality starts to change because of the band's fame, but after a reality check from Rebecca, he returns to his normal self and applies for a scholarship to a prestigious school. Alex & Co. quits the record company and disbands, ending Linda's hopes of fame and turning her back to her old sinister self. Nicole develops feelings for Nobody, who encourages her to write her first song. She kisses him, not knowing he is really Alex. The original Alex & Co. is reunited, and they work to save The Blue Factory together. Sam is accepted to the new school but will have to leave earlier than expected.
At The Blue Factory's fundraiser concert, Rebecca leaves The Lindas after learning that Linda is still trying to destroy Alex & Co. Linda gets her dad to buy the theatre building as a roadblock for the gang. Rebecca sings with Sam, Clio dances on stage for the first time in months, and Alex & Co. performs "Welcome to Your Show", written by Nicole and Emma. After the band says goodbye to Sam, Alex reveals to the world that he is really Nobody.
Second half
One week after the Nobody reveal, Christian has moved to Australia with his family. Alex works to regain Clio and Nicole's trust after they find out that he was Nobody. Diana also encourages him to continue as a solo artist and manage his own career. After The Blue Factory's fundraiser is a success, the gang opens a record label. The Blue Factory Records, Alex encounters difficulty when the public only seems interested in Nobody. Rebecca and Emma bond over their failed long-distance relationships with Sam and Christian respectively. Ray is revealed to be Nina's son. Rebecca's sister Giada joins The Lindas, ignoring Rebecca's warnings about Linda. Rebecca falls for Matt, a pianist from a wealthy family.
The girls work to make Nina and Mr. Ferrari a couple. Emma's feelings for Ray grow as they work on the song 'So Far Yet So Close' together. Mr. Ferrari forbids their relationship, seeing Ray as a bad influence, which causes a hurt Nina to break up with Mr. Ferrari. Emma stands up to her dad and stays with Ray, while Mr. Ferrari apologizes to Nina. Nina makes amends with Ray for not giving him the benefit of the doubt. Nicole goes to a songwriting school, but realizes that she's still in love with Alex. She leaves a set of lyrics for a song called "The Magic of Love" with Sara. Alex is given the lyrics to add to his music, but Sara doesn't tell him who wrote them. Clio gets into the academy after auditioning with Alex; Matt also gets into the academy, but Rebecca finds out about his family's wealth. After he explains why he hid the truth from her, they tell each other that they love each other.
Clio's ex-boyfriend Ivan joins forces with Linda to help him get Clio back and to help Linda finally destroy Alex. Ivan steals the Nobody persona and tries to paint Alex as the impostor, but Ivan and Linda argue about the plan. Clio amicably breaks up with Alex when she realizes that he belongs with Nicole. With the gang's help and support, Alex is finally ready to take on Ivan. At the final Nobody challenge at the Blue Factory, Emma and Ray perform "So Far Yet So Close". Alex and Ivan perform "I Am Nobody", both dressed as Nobody and matching each other in dancing skills. Alex's voice modulator was sabotaged, so he sings without his mask. On the other hand, Ivan can't sing without his mask, which Linda had told Ivan was his biggest mistake in challenging Alex. This proves that Ivan is the impostor. Having reclaimed Nobody, Alex officially retires the persona, planning to only perform as Alex Leoni from then on. Nicole returns, entering the theatre as Alex is performing "The Magic of Love". After he realizes that she wrote the lyrics about him and their relationship, they kiss and get back together.
Special episodes
Alex and Nicole got back together. Alex & Co. are invited to the special edition of The Talent World, a show in which the contestants are the winners of the previous seasons of The Talent worldwide. Alex and his friends, however, decide to reject the invitation to focus on the music projects of their record company. Nicole, in fact, has a new big dream: to get her new lyrics sung by Bakìa, the greatest pop star of the moment.
Alex, Nicole, Emma, Ray and Rebecca go to Matt's villa for his birthday. During the party, Nicole discovers that next to Matt's house, Bakìa is shooting a new music video. Nicole tries to get closer to the pop star, but is the victim of a serious accident. Thanks to the help of an unknown girl, Penny, Nicole is safe, but her savior mysteriously disappeared. Alex and his friends are desperate: Nicole is in a coma and it is unknown if or when she will wake up. Alex knows that the only way Nicole will wake up is if she hears a song by the singer Bakia, so Alex meets the singer Bakia and asks her for a favor, sing her song with her. During the song, Nicole wakes up. Alex realizes it worked, and he runs to the hospital to see her. They both said they missed each other and finally they kiss
Cast
Main
Recurring
Supporting
Music
Songs are performed by the main cast unless otherwise noted.
We Are One (2016)
The first album from the series, titled We Are One, was released on January 29, 2016 in Italy. It consists of the songs from the first and second seasons. The first two songs are from the first seasons, while the rest are from the second season. The album features a bonus track, "Wake Up" by The Vamps, who performed the song at The Talent in the final episode of the second season.
Welcome to Your Show (2016)
The second soundtrack album released on December 9, 2016, contains all songs from the previous album except for the bonus track from The Vamps, plus four new songs from the third season of the series and two new songs from the movie based on the series, Alex & Co: How to Grow Up Despite Your Parents (Come diventare grandi nonostante i genitori).
Broadcast
The first season of the series, consisting of 13 episodes, premiered in Italy on May 11, 2015, and ended on May 27, 2015. The second season of 18 episodes premiered on September 27, 2015, and ended on November 29, 2015. The third season of the series premiered on September 24, 2016, and went on a hiatus on October 22, 2016, after airing the first half of the season, 10 episodes. The movie Alex & Co: How to Grow Up Despite Your Parents (originally titled Come diventare grandi nonostante i genitori), which is based on this series, was released in Italian cinemas on November 24, 2016. The remaining 10 episodes of the third season aired from January 21, 2017, to February 18, 2017.
Four special episodes aired from June 26, 2017, to June 29, 2017, marking the end of the series.
There is an English-language version of the series being broadcast in Middle Eastern regions, Nordic countries, Hungary and Czech Republic, and South Africa.
In South Africa, Season 1 first aired from March 3, 2016, to May 26, 2016; Season 2 from July 7, 2016, to November 3, 2016; Season 3 Part 1 from April 3, 2017, to April 14, 2017; and Season 3 Part 2 from July 17, 2017, to July 28, 2017.
On June 24, 2017, the series premiered in the United Kingdom and Ireland on Disney Channel. Series 2 premiered on 2 January 2018. The English dub used is the same as that of the Middle East and South Africa.
Reception
The final episode of the first season reached peaks of 250,000 viewers, of which 150,000 were children aged 4 to 16 years, and 120,000 were girls aged 8 to 16 years.
Other media
Film
On December 2, 2015, Disney Channel Italy announced the release of a movie based on the series, titled Alex & Co: How to Grow Up Despite Your Parents (Come diventare grandi nonostante i genitori), which was released on November 24, 2016, in Italian cinemas. It premiered in the United States at the Los Angeles Italia Film Festival on February 21, 2017. In the United Kingdom, it was shown on March 5, 2018, on Disney Channel.
Spin-offs
Penny on M.A.R.S.
A spin-off series titled Penny on M.A.R.S. was announced on June 29, 2017. It follows the adventures of Penny, the main character in the special episodes of the original show, and her dream to enter the music high school M.A.R.S.. It premiered on Disney Channel Italy on May 7, 2018, and on Disney Channel UK on June 4, 2018.
Radio Alex
On January 30, 2016, Disney Channel Italy announced a spin-off titled Radio Alex. It aired in Italy on February 8, 2016. It stars Alex as he manages the Melsher Institute radio station where, with the help of his friends, he talks about general topics; posing questions to the audience and transmitting all the successful songs of international artists.
Alex & Co. Fan Event
On April 20, 2016, the cast of the series performed the songs of the series in a live concert in Milan called Alex & Co. Fan Event.
Notes
References
External links
2010s Italian television series
2015 Italian television series debuts
Italian-language Disney Channel original programming
Television series by Disney
Italian children's television series
Italian comedy television series |
In music theory, the flamenco mode (also Major-Phrygian) is a harmonized mode or scale abstracted from its use in flamenco music. In other words, it is the collection of pitches in ascending order accompanied by chords representing the pitches and chords used together in flamenco songs and pieces. The key signature is the same as that of the Phrygian mode (on E: no accidentals; on C: four flats), with the raised third and seventh being written in as necessary with accidentals. Its modal/tonal characteristics are prominent in the Andalusian cadence.
The exact chords depend on the song form (palo) and guitar chord positions since chord voicings in flamenco often include nontriadic pitches, especially open strings. It is characteristic that III, II, and I appear as dissonant chords with a minimum of four tones (for example seventh chords or mixed third chord). Since the tetrachord beginning on the tonic may ascend or descend with either G-sharp or natural (Phrygian tetrachord), the mixed-thirds clash between the major third degree (G) in the melody and the minor third degree (G) in the accompanying harmony occurs frequently and is characteristic of the flamenco esthetic, as with the blues scale on a major chord.
This tetrachord may be copied in the second, producing a D and allowing an augmented sixth chord on the second degree: B75/F.
Lou Harrison composed a "Sonata in Ishartum" (1974 or 1977), which has been arranged by Tolgahan Çoğulu (2001), part of his Suite. In early scholarship regarding a Babylonian cuneiform inscription tuning tablet from the eighteenth century BC, "Ishartum" was equated with the modern Phrygian, but now it isconsidered equivalent to the Ionian mode/major scale. Çoğulu's arrangement, at least, is the white note mode on E in Pythagorean tuning, as follows (): F, C, G, D, A, E, B (F, C, G), or E (1/1), F (256/243), G (32/27), A (4/3), B (3/2), C (128/81), D (16/9), E (2/1), with G being 81/64.
See also
Phrygian dominant scale
Upper leading tone
Double harmonic scale
References
Flamenco
Modes (music)
Heptatonic scales
Tritonic scales |
David Wikander (21 July 1884 – 15 November 1955), was a Swedish musicologist, organist and composer.
Born in Säfsnäs parish in Dalarna, Wikander was organist at Stockholm's Storkyrkan. He arranged many traditional songs of the Dalarna region.
Wikander died in Stockholm at the age of 71.
Works, editions, recordings
Choral:
Dofta, dofta, vit syrén (text: Emil Kléen) Scent, scent, white lilac
Kung Liljekonvalje (text: Gustav Fröding) King Lily of the valley
Förvårskväll (text: Ragnar Jändel)* Spring evening
References
1884 births
1955 deaths
Swedish composers
Swedish male composers
20th-century Swedish male musicians |
Pascal Costanza is a research scientist at the ExaScience Lab at Intel Belgium. He is known in the field of functional programming in LISP as well as in the aspect-oriented programming (AOP) community for contributions to this field by applying AOP through Lisp1. More recently, he has developed Context-oriented programming, with Robert Hirschfeld.
His past involvements include specification and implementation of the languages Gilgul and Lava, and the design and application of the JMangler framework for load-time transformation of Java class files. He has also implemented ContextL, the first programming language extension for Context-oriented Programming based on CLOS, and aspect-oriented extensions for CLOS. He is furthermore the initiator and lead of Closer, an open source project that provides a compatibility layer for the CLOS MOP across multiple Common Lisp implementations. He has also co-organized numerous workshops on Unanticipated Software Evolution, Aspect-Oriented Programming, Object Technology for Ambient Intelligence, Lisp, and redefinition of computing. He has a Ph.D. degree from the University of Bonn, Germany.
Notes
Dynamically Scoped Functions as the Essence of AOP OOP 2003 Workshop on Object-Oriented Language Engineering for the Post-Java Era, Darmstadt, Germany, July 22, 2003; published in ACM SIGPLAN Notices Volume 38, Issue 8 (August 2003), ACM Press
Bibliography
JMangler-A Powerful Back-End for Aspect-Oriented Programming (with Günter Kniesel and Michael Austermann), Chapter 15 of Aspect-Oriented Software Development by Robert E. Filman, Tzilla Elrad, Siobhán Clarke, and Mehmet Aksit, Addison-Wesley, 2005,
Full bibliography (DBLP, University of Trier)
External links
Home page
A Highly Opinionated Guide to Lisp
AspectL A library of Aspect-oriented programming extensions for Common Lisp.
Context-oriented Programming
Living people
German computer scientists
University of Bonn alumni
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Major-General Eric Grant Miles CB DSO MC (11 August 1891 – 3 November 1977) was a senior British Army officer who saw active service during both World War I and World War II, where he commanded the 126th Infantry Brigade in the Battle of France and the 56th (London) Infantry Division in the final stages of the campaign in Tunisia.
Early life and military career
Born on 11 August 1891, the second son of George Herbert Miles, Eric Grant Miles was educated at Harrow School and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, where he was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the King's Own Scottish Borderers (KOSB) on 3 June 1911. Upon passing out from Sandhurst, Miles was posted to the 2nd Battalion, KOSB, then serving in Belfast, Ireland.
Upon the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, Miles, with his battalion, then serving in Dublin as part of the 13th Brigade of the 5th Division, was sent overseas to France, landing at Le Havre on 15 August, as part of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF). Promoted to the temporary rank of lieutenant on 27 August 1914, Miles, his rank of lieutenant made permanent, participated in all the major battles in which the battalion was engaged that year, beginning with the Battle of Mons and the subsequent retreat, and culminating in the First Battle of Ypres, where Miles's battalion suffered very heavy losses, although Miles himself survived unscathed and, from 18 November 1914, was seconded to the Army Signal Service. During the Battle of Hill 60 in April−May 1915, Miles, while attached to the 5th Signal Company, Royal Engineers, was awarded the Military Cross (MC) on 23 July 1915. The citation read:
He later became a staff officer for the rest of the war, remaining on the Western Front throughout the conflict. After receiving a promotion to temporary captain on 1 September 1915 (made permanent on 25 January 1916), in March 1916, he was appointed a brigade major with the 54th Brigade, part of Major-General Ivor Maxse's 18th (Eastern) Division, a Kitchener's Army formation composed largely of civilian volunteers, which saw service, and suffered heavy casualties, that summer during the Somme offensive. On 4 June 1917 Miles was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO), "for distinguished service in the field", and, from July 1917 he served as a General Staff Officer Grade 3 (GSO3) until 23 September 1918, during the Hundred Days Offensive and shortly before the end of the war, when he was wounded in action and returned to England, to become a GSO2 at the Staff School, Cambridge. During the war Miles was five times mentioned in dispatches.
Between the wars
Promoted to brevet major on 1 January 1919, Miles continued to serve in a variety of staff positions, notably as a GSO2 with the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) from 1919 to 1920. He then attended the Staff College, Camberley from 1921 to 1922. His many fellow students there included a large number of future general officers; Frank Roberts, Merton Beckwith-Smith, James Gammell, Eric Costin, Francis Nosworthy, Edmund Osborne, Robert Naylor, John Priestman, Giffard Martel, Ernest Squires, Edward Alban, John Kennedy, Ralph Eastwood, Russell Gurney, Edwin Morris, Austin Miller and Ridley Pakenham-Walsh. After this, Miles served as a GSO3 at the War Office from 1923 to 1924, the year he married Lady Marcia Valda, youngest daughter of Robert Jocelyn, 7th Earl of Roden, on 23 August; they had a daughter. Following a three-year posting as GSO Weapon Training with Southern Command, he then became a brigade major with the Shanghai Defence Force from 1927 to 1928, the year in which his rank of major was confirmed.
Returning to England in 1930, he spent until early 1934 as a GSO2 at the War Office, during which time he was promoted to brevet lieutenant colonel in July 1931, before attending the Imperial Defence College, later in 1934. In 1936, now a permanent lieutenant colonel,
he was given a field command, being appointed Commanding Officer (CO) of the 1st Battalion, Royal Berkshire Regiment, then stationed in Southern England, with Major Miles Dempsey as second-in-command (2-i-c). Handing over command of the battalion to Dempsey in early 1938, he was promoted to colonel and posted to Malaya where he became a GSO1 with Malaya Command.
World War II
Still in Malaya when World War II broke out in September 1939, later in the year he returned to England where, promoted to acting brigadier, Miles assumed command in January 1940 of the 126th Infantry Brigade, part of the 42nd (East Lancashire) Infantry Division, a first-line Territorial Army (TA) formation, whose General Officer Commanding (GOC) was Major General William Holmes. The brigade was in Wiltshire, training for overseas service and, in mid-April he led the brigade overseas to join the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in France.
Posted to the Belgian border soon after, the German Army invaded France on 10 May, less than a month after the brigade's arrival, and the brigade, along with the rest of the division, was initially held in reserve until being ordered to advance to the River Escaut. On 22 May the Germans attacked the 42nd Division heavily along its entire front, and by the end of the day, after several hours of confused fighting, was ordered to retreat to Dunkirk, where the rest of the BEF, now cut off from the most of the French Army further south, was already converging. The brigade, after temporarily coming under the command of the 1st Division for the final stages of the fighting in the Dunkirk perimeter, was evacuated from Dunkirk on the night of 1 June, along with Miles himself, and returning to 42nd Division command the day after. The brigade, during the fighting, had suffered heavy losses in both manpower and equipment, but had gained one of the first Victoria Crosses (VC) of the war, belonging to Captain Marcus Ervine-Andrews of the 1st Battalion, East Lancashire Regiment.
Miles continued to command the brigade after its return to England, training it in preparation for the expected German invasion of England and at the same time absorbing conscripts to bring the brigade up to strength after its heavy casualties. He became Brigadier General Staff (BGS) of Home Forces in mid-September before returning to the 42nd Division in late April 1941, this time as its GOC, succeeding Major General Henry Willcox, who in turn had succeeded Major General Holmes the previous June, Miles in turn receiving a promotion to acting major general in May. He was promoted to permanent major general in June. The division comprised, in addition to Miles's old 126th Brigade, the 125th and 127th Infantry Brigades, and divisional troops, and was serving in Eastern Command in East Anglia as part of Lieutenant General Hugh Massy's XI Corps. The division's main role was that of a static beach defence, and training to repel an invasion.
In early October, however, he left the division and was appointed GOC of the 56th (London) Infantry Division, succeeding Major General Montagu Stopford. The division, like the 42nd, was a first-line TA formation, composed of the 167th, 168th and 169th Infantry Brigades and divisional troops, and was stationed in Kent under Lieutenant-General Bernard Montgomery's XII Corps, itself under South-Eastern Command, responsible for the defence of the Home Counties. In mid-November the division moved to Eastern Command in East Anglia, joining XI Corps, then commanded by Lieutenant General Noel Irwin.
As part of the Tenth Army, his division was stationed in Persia in late 1942. At that time, the Tenth Army was part of Paiforce (formerly Iraqforce) under Persia and Iraq Command. On 1 January 1943 Miles was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB). During a reconnaissance into Tunisia during the last stages of the campaign there, he was wounded in the head by artillery in early May 1943 and returned to the United Kingdom.
Later in 1943, after recovering from his injury, he became GOC Kent and South East Districts and, in September 1944, as an acting lieutenant general, he took over as General Officer Commanding-in-Chief (GOC-in-C) of South-Eastern Command.
Postwar
He retired from the army, after a career spanning thirty-five years, in September 1946, retaining his permanent rank of major general. He served as Colonel of his old regiment, the King's Own Scottish Borderers, from 19 June 1944 until 19 June 1954. He was Deputy Chairman of the Lichfield Diocesan Board of Finance from 1954 to 1960, becoming Chairman from 1960 to 1971, and became a member of the House of Laity, Church Assembly from 1955 to 1960. Miles retired to Shropshire, where he lived at Tilstock near Whitchurch before moving in 1956 to his last home, Rope Walk on Lyth Hill near Shrewsbury. After the death of his wife in 1972, his last five years were spent as a widower before he died at Brookfield Nursing Home in Newport, Shropshire on 3 November 1977. His funeral took place at Condover, Shropshire, on 9 November.
References
Bibliography
Williams, David. The Black Cats at War: The Story of the 56th (London) Division T.A., 1939–1945 .
External links
British Army Officers 1939−1945
Generals of World War II
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1891 births
1977 deaths
Graduates of the Royal College of Defence Studies
British Army major generals
British Army generals of World War II
British Army personnel of World War I
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley
King's Own Scottish Borderers officers
Military personnel from Hertfordshire
People educated at Harrow School
Recipients of the Military Cross
Royal Berkshire Regiment officers |
Mohammadabad-e Garavand (, also Romanized as Moḩammadābād-e Garāvand; also known as Garāvand) is a village in Rumeshkhan Rural District, Central District, Rumeshkhan County, Lorestan Province, Iran. It lies by road south of Rashnudeh. At the 2006 census, its population was 212, in 52 families.
References
Populated places in Rumeshkhan County |
Kenya Rugby Union (KRU) is the governing body for rugby union in Kenya. It was founded in 1970 and is affiliated to Rugby Africa and the international governing body World Rugby.
KRU is responsible for the running of the Kenya national rugby union team, domestic club and school rugby competitions. The union shares a home ground, the RFUEA Ground in Nairobi, with Kenya Harlequin.
Origins
The Rugby Football Union of Kenya (RFU-K) was initially founded in August 1921 and became operational in 1923 with the formation of the first Nairobi clubs, Nondescripts RFC and Harlequin RFC. In 1953 RFU-K was joined by the rugby unions of Tanganyika and Uganda to form the Rugby Football Union of East Africa (RFUEA) in representing the colonies of British East Africa. RFU-K was dissolved in 1956, with already existing district unions dealing directly with RFUEA.
In 1970, the decision was made to merge the district unions and form the Kenya Rugby Football Union (KRFU) under the umbrella of the RFUEA.
References
External links
Rugby union in Kenya
Rugby union governing bodies in Africa
Rug
Sports organizations established in 1970 |
Atakhan Abilov (Атахан Вели Абилов) is a Talysh national minority and human rights activist from Azerbaijan, lawyer and author of books on International law. He has refugee status from the Russian Government and UN, as his colleagues from the "Voice of Talysh" newspaper's editorial staff have already been convicted and have received real terms of imprisonment in Azerbaijan.
Biography
Abilov is a Talysh public activist. While being an independent candidate from #75 Lankaran-Masalli constituency in Azerbaijan, he claimed that bad roads makes travel to Lankaran from the mountain villages close to impossible. Despite the 1999 Azerbaijani official census reported, that there were 76,800 Talysh in Azerbaijan, Abilov claimed that true number is around 320,000.
According to Amnesty International, Atakhan Abilov, a "Talysh activist, was allegedly detained by officials from the Ministry of National Security [of Azerbaijan]. His apartment was also searched and he was allegedly dismissed from his job at the Baku State University on account of his political convictions". In 2007 he subsequently left Azerbaijan for Russia.
Abilov is one of de facto refugees who has received such a status from the Russian government. The United Nations refugee organization also granted him the same status that allows him to leave Russia for a third country. But he waited in Moscow for his family to get out of Azerbaijan.
According to a December 3 joint declaration by Talysh leaders, on November 30, 2008, Atakhan Abilov was assaulted in Moscow by three masked men. Abilov was subsequently hospitalized with a concussion and a broken nose.
Monographs
Author of monographs, presenting an analysis of international human rights standards in relation to the legislation of the Azerbaijan Republic and the author of 3 books on the relations of Azerbaijan with the Council of Europe (Council of Europe and Azerbaijan; European Court of Human Rights and Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan in the European family) also co-authored a textbook on Private International Law, written in the law of Azerbaijan Republic. He participated in preparing several drafts of legislative acts adopted by the Parliament of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan is the author of the draft law on private international law.
References
External links
Азербайджан для меня – прежде всего Родина
Azərbaycanda ölüm eskadronu
Ataxan Əbilov: Hüquq müdafiəçisi Hilal Məmmədova "İran casusu" ittihamı absurddur
Ataxan Əbilov: "Yaxşı əsər sərhəd tanımır"
Атахан Абилов: "Гилал Мамедов подвергается пыткам и обвиняется в шпионаже в пользу Ирана"
Azerbaijani people of Talysh descent
Azerbaijani human rights activists
Human rights abuses in Azerbaijan
Talysh people
The National Talysh Movement
Ural State Law University alumni
1965 births
Living people |
Zavod Slantsy OAO (former names: Gazoslantsevyi zavod and Slantsepererabatyvayushiy zavod Slantsy, ) is a petrochemical company based in Slantsy, Leningrad Oblast, Russia.
The company was established in 1945 to supply Leningrad with oil shale gas, synthetic gas produced by oil shale pyrolysis. In 1952, the first unit of a 75 MW oil shale-fired power plant and the first stage of the oil shale gas extraction plant was commissioned. Since 1955 until 2000 the plant produced shale oil using Kiviter technology. In addition, it produced other chemical products from oil shale. Oil shale was supplied by the mining company Leningradslanets. In 1970, the company started petroleum coke tempering.
Zavod Slantsy was reorganization from Slantsepererabatyvayushiy zavod Slantsy in 1993. In 1998, the 75 MW thermal power plant was converted from oil shale to natural gas. The company continued produce shale oil until June 2003. As of today, the company produces polymeric petroleum resin and distillates, petroleum coke tempering and gas condensate refining.
Rosimushchestvo controls 41.75% shares (55.7% of votes) of the company while Viktor Vekselberg's Renova Group controls 40% since 2007. Rosimushchestvo have tried several times to sell its stake. The new auction is scheduled for 7 December 2012. In November 2011, Arbitration Court at Saint Petersburg Chamber of Commerce and Industry based on the lawsuit filed by Gazprom, started a supervisory procedure on Zavod Slantsy.
References
Chemical companies of Russia
Defunct oil companies of Russia
Petrochemical companies
Synthetic fuel companies
Oil shale companies
Oil shale in Russia
Companies based in Leningrad Oblast
Oil companies of the Soviet Union
Chemical companies of the Soviet Union |
Hans Goltz (11 August 1873 in Elbing (Elbląg), Prussia, Germany - 21 October 1927 in Baden-Baden) was a German art dealer, known as a pioneer of modernism in art. He was the editor of a political and arts magazine Der Ararat.
References
1873 births
1927 deaths
People from Elbląg
People from the Province of Prussia
German art dealers
German magazine editors
German magazine publishers (people)
20th-century German journalists |
Martin Emanuel Johansson (6 August 1918 - July 1999) was a Swedish chess player, Swedish Chess Championship winner (1966).
Biography
Martin Emanuel Johansson was one of the strongest chess players in Sweden in the 1960s. He won three medals in Swedish Chess Championship: gold (1966), silver (1965, he shared 1st-2nd place with Zandor Nilsson but lost additional match 2:3) and bronze (1964). In 1963, in Halle Martin Emanuel Johansson ranked 9th place in World Chess Championship Zonal tournament. The main achievement in the international arena for Martin Emanuel Johansson was the shared 1st-2nd place with the grandmaster Alexander Kotov at the New Year tournament in Stockholm (1959/60). Then Johansson managed, among others, to get ahead of the grandmaster Paul Keres.
Martin Emanuel Johansson was also played of correspondence chess. In 1950 and 1962, he twice won Swedish Correspondence Chess Championship.
Martin Emanuel Johansson played for Sweden in the Chess Olympiads:
In 1960, at third board in the 14th Chess Olympiad in Leipzig (+7, =5, -3),
In 1962, at first board in the 15th Chess Olympiad in Varna (+3, =5, -4),
In 1964, at second board in the 16th Chess Olympiad in Tel Aviv (+7, =5, -1),
In 1966, at first board in the 17th Chess Olympiad in Havana (+4, =7, -5),
In 1968, at third board in the 18th Chess Olympiad in Lugano (+3, =6, -4).
Martin Emanuel Johansson played for Sweden in the European Team Chess Championship preliminaries:
In 1961, at fifth board in the 2nd European Team Chess Championship preliminaries (+3, =0, -1),
In 1970, at first board in the 4th European Team Chess Championship preliminaries (+0, =5, -1).
References
External links
Martin Emanuel Johansson chess games at 365chess.com
1918 births
1999 deaths
People from Hedemora Municipality
Swedish chess players
Chess Olympiad competitors
20th-century chess players |
Vilnius – Klaipėda Railway () is one of the main local railways in Lithuania. This railway connect Lithuanian capital Vilnius with countries biggest seaside city Klaipėda. It is the most actively used train line in Lithuania.
The train services going from Vilnius to Klaipėda runs 4 times per day.
History
In 2016 new Pesa 730ML locomotives introduced in Vilnius-Klaipėda line.
In 2022 the electrification of Vilnius-Klaipėda Railway project started with estimated cost of 411.26 million euro. After completion of electrification project, the rail line will produce 150 tonnes less of carbon dioxide each year.
Stations
References
Rail transport in Vilnius
Transport in Klaipėda
Railway lines in Lithuania
1520 mm gauge railways in Lithuania |
Sir Zibang Zurenuoc KBE (born September 1927 at Sattleberg, Finschhafen; died 5 February 2008 in Port Moresby) was a Papua New Guinean businessman and politician.
He served as a co-operative officer in the colonial public service in New Ireland when Papua New Guinea was under Australian colonial administration. In 1958, he set up the "now famous" Finschhafen Marketing and Development Co-operative (FMDC). He was also a founding director of Mainland Holdings. He was subsequently appointed business representative to the Morobe Constituent Assembly, and served as chairman of Morobe's Constituent Assembly.
In the 1977 general election, the first after the country's independence, he was elected to the National Parliament as MP for Finschhafen. He later served as Deputy Speaker and was also a government minister. He was Minister for Community and Family Services to Prime Minister Julius Chan in the early 1980s. He was "long-time general secretary" of the People's Progress Party.
In 1994, Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea, on the advice of the Papua New Guinean government, appointed him Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire, "for community services".
The Zurenuoc family has had a number of distinguished members. His brother Sir Zurewe Zerenuoc was the first Papua New Guinean to head the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Papua New Guinea. His other brother, Zure Makili Zurenuoc, was "a pioneer educationist" and also served as MP for Finschhafen after him. His nephew Guao Zurenuoc was MP for Finschhafen from 2002 to 2007, and his (Zibang's) son Theo Zurenuoc had been MP for Finschhafen from 2007 to 2017.
He died in Port Moresby on 5 February 2008 "after undergoing medical treatment".
References
1927 births
2008 deaths
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Members of the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea
Government ministers of Papua New Guinea
People's Progress Party politicians
20th-century Papua New Guinean businesspeople
Papua New Guinean knights
People from Morobe Province |
is a 2011 action video game developed by Ignition Tokyo and published by UTV Ignition Games for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. It saw later releases on Windows, and an upcoming version for Nintendo Switch. The storyline, based on the apocryphal Book of Enoch, follows the immortal scribe Enoch as he is sent by God to find seven fallen angels and save humanity from a great flood triggered by the Council of Heaven. Gameplay has Enoch platforming through 2D and 3D levels which vary in presentation and art style, with hack and slash combat using weapons stolen from enemies.
Production began in 2007, and included several former members of Capcom's Clover Studio. After being contacted about the project idea, director and character designer Sawaki Takeyasu was given extensive creative freedom, contributing to the simplified game design and focus on art and music. The storyline, based around the theme of self-sacrifice, was described by Takeyasu as being "half-finished" due to production problems. The music was co-composed by Masato Kouda and Kento Hasegawa, with members of music production company Imagine contributing to arrangements.
Announced in May 2010, El Shaddai received an extensive promotional campaign. Journalists praised its art design and music, but the game saw low sales. The game was Ignition Tokyo's only product, as it was closed in 2011 shortly before its release, and planned sequels were abandoned. Takeyasu supervised further El Shaddai-related media, going on to purchase the intellectual property in 2013 and developing a follow-up called The Lost Child.
Gameplay
El Shaddai: Ascension of the Metatron is a single-player action video game in which players take control of the immortal scribe Enoch through eleven levels; the gameplay combines elements of platforming and hack and slash-based combat. Each of the levels uses a different artistic style and camera position, with levels alternating between 3D and 2D presentation. One level includes a driving sequence on a motorbike. During exploration and combat Enoch can jump, attack, block long and short-ranged attacks, and dodge.
In combat, Enoch fights standard enemies and bosses in arenas, initially with his bare fists and then with three weapon types stolen from enemies. the weapons are the sword-like Arch, the long-range Gale, and the heavy-hitting Veil which also acts as a shield; each is strong or weak against another weapon. When in combat, Enoch's attacks are mapped to one button, with the frequency and timing of presses determining the type of attack; repeated presses launches a combination attack, which holding the button can trigger alternate strong attacks. Weapons must be periodically purified to recharge them as they lose attack power when used for a period of time. Enoch can also parry attacks or break an enemy's blocking stance with the right timing, allowing for counterattacks. During some later fights Enoch can trigger Overboost, which increases Enoch's attack power and unlocks unique skills.
Levels house secret areas and collectables alongside items which aid the player. These items are Lights of Blessing which restore Enoch's armor, Flames of Power which can be used to increase the Overboost level, and Fruits of Wisdom which give access to weapons. El Shaddai does not use a traditional HUD on its initial playthrough, with information being displayed through the in-game environment; damage to Enoch and enemies are shown through their armour, graphic displays show an enemy's status, the character Lucifel appears in the environment and saves the player's progress, and Enoch's weapons display their condition through color. In most scenarios when Enoch is knocked out, the player can revive by rapidly pressing face buttons, with the window of recovery lessening as the game progresses. If Enoch falls during a platforming section, he is reset to an earlier safe location to try again.
Synopsis
Semyaza, a former member of the Council of Heaven, steals pieces of God's wisdom and descends to Earth due to his love of humans. Alongside Azazel, Ezekiel, Armaros, Sariel, Arakiel and Baraqel−referred to as the Grigori−they accelerate human evolution and produce human-Grigori hybrids called Nephilim which threaten to destroy the world. Enoch, originally brought to Heaven as a scribe, is sent to Earth by God to recover the Grigori before Council of Heaven triggers a great flood to wipe out all life. After three centuries of searching, accompanied by the guardian angel Lucifel and four Archangels, Enoch discovers the Grigori's Tower in an isolated spacial realm. As he navigates the Tower and fights its enthralled inhabitants, he learns through notes left by allied human Freemen and statements from the Grigori that an entity of Darkness called Belial tempted the Grigori with power in exchange for the souls of humans who die in the Tower. Enoch ends up meeting a human Freeman girl called Nanna and her passive Nephilim companion Neph, then defeats Sariel and learns that Nephilim die when their parent Grigori is defeated. It is revealed that Baraqel was devoured by one of his Nephilim when it went berserk, and Arakiel died during the Grigori's descent.
During his fight with Armaros, Belial tricks Enoch into the Darkness by kidnapping Nanna. Armaros, who considered himself Enoch's friend before coming to Earth, sacrifices himself to the Darkness to retrieve Enoch and Nanna, the latter absorbing the spirit of legendary Freeman warrior Ishtar. While Enoch's soul recovers, the surviving Grigori massacre the Freemen, and a despairing Nanna embraces Ishtar's power and fights the Grigori as the Darkness begins corrupting her. A revived Enoch defeats Ezekiel, which kills her Nephilim children including Neph. On the top floor, Enoch defeats Azazel, who is then killed by Belial and replaced by the corrupted Armaros. Enoch defeats Armaros and purifies Nanna, the two discovering that Semyaza has already died. Lucifel then teleports Nanna away, and a final narration from the Archangels reveals Enoch's actions ended the Tower's influence and persuaded the Council of Elders to halt the flood. A post-credits scene shows Armoros's passive Nephilim swimming in the ocean, hinting that Armoros is still alive.
Development
The concept for El Shaddai emerged at UTV Ignition Games, a video game developer and publisher. Then-CEO Vijay Chadha was a fan of Sawaki Takeyasu, an artist known for his work at Capcom on Devil May Cry (2001) and Ōkami (2005). Following Ōkami, Takeyasu went into freelance development through his studio Crim. In 2006, after hearing Takeyasu had gone independent, Chadha visited him in Japan and persuaded him to create a new action game with Takeyasu's art style. This coincided with UTV Ignition's UK offices pitching a new game intellectual property (IP) which would be based on the apocryphal Book of Enoch. After accepting the project, Takeyasu was given great creative freedom. The game successfully pitched to UTV Ignition's Indian office, which provided funding, using a movie Takeyasu put together with help from CGI production company Shirogumi.
Development was handled by Ignition Tokyo, a studio founded in late 2007 as part of UTV Ignition's in-house development plan; El Shaddai was the only project completed by the studio before it was closed down in March 2011 due to restructuring within UTV Ignition following poor financial performances. Initially Takeyasu was only handling character and world design, but his in-depth position caused him to be appointed director. Masato Kimura and UTV Ignition's Kashow Oda were co-producers. Several staff members were veterans of the then-defunct Clover Studio, with further additions from Square Enix and Sony Computer Entertainment. The lead designer was Yusuke Nakagawa. Katsuya Nakamura acted as lead programmer. A large number of the team members were first-time developers, prompting an early focus on studio structure to ensure easy development.
Full production began in 2007 and lasted three years; initially only having four staff members including Takeyasu and Kimura, the team expanded to 100 people internally, and a total of between 120 and 130 including freelance developers. The game was completed and going through final quality assurance and submission by December 2010. At some point during the game's production, racing game developer Genki, or a former employee of the studio, famous for the tuning car racing game series Shutoko Battle, assisted Ignition in the development of the unique motorcycle action sequence in Chapter 6: Azazel's Zeal, according to Takeyasu. Full production wrapped in March 2011. Takeyasu later stated the budget was around ¥2 billion. The game was made for both PlayStation 3 (PS3) and Xbox 360 (360), with Takeyasu not wanting the game to release until the consoles were well established in the market. Development was smooth until Ignition's later financial troubles forced the team to finish the game ahead of schedule, releasing it without having additional time for balancing and bug fixes.
Takeyasu wanted the game to be a balance between the traditional design of Devil May Cry and the artistic focus of Ōkami. The goal was a mythology-based action game similar to the God of War series. While this concept was established early, the gameplay design was not fully settled upon until late into development. The design aim was to create a game where story, art and music was the central element. As games at the time were moving towards more realistic graphics and complex control schemes, Takeyasu took the opposite approach for El Shaddai. The game alternated between 3D and 2D levels to add variety. Takeyaso, after noting companies other than Nintendo were not producing platformers, incorporated extensive platforming into El Shaddai. Speaking about the simplified controls, Takeyasu compared their functionality to both rhythm and fighting games due to the emphasis on timing. There was also no traditional UI or HUD, with it instead being integrated into the world to promote player immersion. The jumping was given depth through the role of weapons, but this freedom increased the bug testing load. The weapon mechanics were implemented by Takeyasu after receiving complaints from other staff members that they could not design the gameplay around the simplified controls. The need to release early meant the team could not add more level-based gimmicks such as building stairways and breaking a sequence of walls to progress.
To allow for maximum trial and error within development time, it was decided to licence different middleware. Five different middlewares were used to take pressure off of the studio staff, a rarity in Japanese development at the time. After testing different game engines, the team settled on Gamebryo as they felt it would work with their design needs. While Unreal Engine was considered, there was little support for it in Japan and thus a lack of information on its use. It also lacked features which could implement the desired art style. The animation was handled by the Morpheme middleware program, with added functions created with help from its developer NaturalMotion. Using Morpheme, the team created character animations that would be stylised and flow naturally into each other without losing all realism. Additionally the team used Autodesk's Scaleform GFx for the menu and text displays, Nvidia's PhysX for the in-game physics, and CRI Middleware's CRI Movie software for video playback. To achieve the levels' real-time visual changes, multiple custom shaders were used which shifted the game's art and lighting based on camera and player position. The shaders were created by programmer Tsuyoshi Okugawa based on Hori's designs. Okugawa called the debugging "dirty and difficult" due to the interacting shaders.
Scenario and art design
The storyline drew direct inspiration from the "Book of Watchers", described as a "key part" of the Book of Enoch. As part of his research, Takeyasu read both the Book of Enoch, and writings based around Enoch and Lucifel, finding the latter to be "boring" in their approach. He also found the Book of Enoch difficult to read in some places, so instead of adapting it directly, the team used it as a base for a fantastical story, which Takeyasu was not concerned about given the story's age. During its prototyping phase in 2007, the game was titled Angelic. While Takeyasu liked the title, a trademark search revealed a similarly-titled series owned by Koei Tecmo. The final title "El Shaddai", which is commonly translated as "God Almighty", was suggested by UK Ignition staff as a reference to the religious subject matter. The subtitle, also proposed by Ignition staff, had no definite meaning.
Takeyasu created the overall story, while the script was written by Yasushi Ohtake. Takeyasu described the theme as self-sacrifice, which is portrayed as a quality inherent to humans. When creating the story, Takeyasu planned out a larger nine chapter narrative of which El Shaddai was the fourth chapter, with other events being hinted at or partially shown in-game. Takeyasu further planned a second and third game based on the established game engine and scenario. The narrative was ultimately left "half-finished" due to the studio's closure. To create a suitable connection to the player, Enoch was made a silent protagonist. Lucifel was intended as an enigmatic character who would still be sympathetic, with his ability to manipulate time allowing for a saving and loading mechanic without obvious in-game displays. Takeyasu later stated some of his own personality ended up being incorporated into Lucifel. The two leads were presented as appearing in their late 20s to early 30s, consciously avoiding the Japanese stereotype of the adolescent hero character. An early scrapped idea was for El Shaddai to have a female protagonist.
When deciding on the visual theme, Takeyasu based it around Lucifel's ability to travel to any era, allowing anachronistic elements to appear in both the characters and visuals. Initially aiming for a Medieval theme, the final setting ended up as "a sense of statelessness and a sense of timelessness", blending in fantasy and science fiction elements. This approach was partially inspired by the story of the Tower of Babel. He also wanted a visual design that would always be changing. Each of the zones drew inspiration from the Grigori's obsessions. Takeyasu asked the game's art director Soutarou Hori to create a "unique" art style for the environments. Starting from a base of traditional religious imagery, Hori created a piece of art combining that with a style of simple contrasting colors inspired by iPad advertisements. The final style grew from this, removing game-focused information to focus on the art, which used contrasting and frequent changes of art style. According to Takeyasu, around 70% of the visuals remained unchanged during development. Shirogumi animated both CGI and real-time cutscenes.
Takeyasu created the designs for Enoch, Lucifel and the Nephilim at around the same time, basing them on the visual theme of a timeless realm. Enoch's design took the longest to finalise, with his armor taking inspiration from tokusatsu and mecha armour designs. He started from a concept of what Ōkami protagonist Amaterasu would look like as a human. His design was inspired by Enoch's presentation as a simple and honest man in the original text, with his armour meant to be otherworldly without being flashy. The armor was also a reference to Enoch's eventual form as the angel Metatron. Takeyasu included a pair of jeans in the design as he liked jeans.
Lucifel was the first character Takeyasu designed, and stayed generally unchanged during development. His human appearance, which Takeyasu feared would have him mistaken for a villain, informed the non-human designs of the Grigori. Enoch and Lucifel were designed to contrast each other in appearance, representing the stylistic extremes of the West (Enoch) and Japan (Luficel). Takeyasu also avoided sexualized design stereotypes for the female characters. The Nephilim's unconventional design was directly based on their vague description within the Book of Enoch and role as the supposed origin of monsters, moving away from their traditional portrayal as humanoid giants. He also played against expectations by not making the Grigori conventionally beautiful and young. Each of the bosses was designed around the personalities of the Grigori.
Audio
During the early stages of development, Takeyasu wanted the game voiced only in English, but Japanese voice acting was included to appeal to the domestic audience; to compensate, the Japanese cast was chosen based on their voices sounding "foreign" over anything else. Enoch and Lucifel are respectively voiced by Shin-ichiro Miki and Ryōta Takeuchi, while Nana was voiced by Emiri Katō as a child and Yuka Naka as an adult. The English voice cast included actors who had been featured in films, television and video games. These included Blake Ritson as Enoch, Jason Isaacs as Lucifel, and Samantha Francis as Nanna. The English voice acting was recorded in Britain, with Ignition making an effort to move away from the poorly-received voice acting of their earlier titles including Arc Rise Fantasia.
The game's audio and music were handled by studio Design Wave. The music was co-composed and arranged by Masato Kouda and Kento Hasegawa, the audio director was Atsushi Mori, while Yuuki Toujinbara was sound designer. Further arrangements were handled by Imagine Music's Akifumi Tada, Hayato Matsuo, Shirō Hamaguchi, Kazuhiko Sawaguchi, and Keiji Inai. For his instructions on the score, Takeyasu used African music as a reference. The musical inspiration as a whole was taken from the game's visual design. As with his earlier work, Kouda translated the dominant color of the game into its musical equivalent and used that as the foundation for the score. For El Shaddai, its dominant color white translated into C Major, with the music being written in that key. The religious subject matter prompted the use of an organ and choir as the dominant instruments.
Kouda made a conscious effort not to emulate Gregorian chants, which were commonly associated with religious elements, with the final wide range of songs composed to match the game's many environments. Music for the Nephilim stages was made "cute" with additional elements. During the later development issues when the game content was being changed rapidly, there was friction between Takeyasu and Hasegawa that Kouda had to mediate. The main theme, composed by Kouda and incorporating both orchestra and chorus, took six months to compose and finalise. The choral work was performed by the Eminence Symphonic Choir, which recorded their sections over Skype with the music studio in Japan. An English-speaking choir was chosen to lend a specific sound to the lyric pronunciation. The in-game lyrics, while modelled roughly on Latin, were not a real language. Takeyasu wanted a fictional language to fit the game's tone, so asked Kouda and the chorus to create it. Lyrics in either English or Japanese were rejected as they would clash with the game's atmosphere.
Release
El Shaddai was announced in May 2010 through an issue of Japanese gaming magazine Famitsu. Its release in North America and Europe the following month. The pitch movie was shown as a trailer at the 2010 Tokyo Game Show. The game saw an unexpected surge in popularity due to its art style, subject matter, and characters. One line from the trailer, with Lucifel asking if Enoch has enough armour, quickly became an internet meme. Both Takeyasu and Ignition's Shane Bettenhausen was pleased with the reaction, as Ignition was a small publisher in Japan and El Shaddai was a new IP which was becoming more difficult to launch and make successful.
A demo was released in Japan on April 14, 2011. The game released in Japan on April 28. UTV Ignition distributed the different versions in partnership with Sony and Microsoft respectively in the region. The 360 version was reissued on May 17, 2012 as part of the "Xbox Encore" line. In North America, the game was released on August 16, 2011. In Europe and Australia, it released respective on September 8 and 15. Konami acted as distributor in PAL territories.
To promote the title, UTV Ignition launched an extensive marketing and promotional campaign for the title, with UTV Ignition locking a minimum guarantee of $10 million revenue and seeking out collaborative rights and exploring a potential film adaptation. According to Bettenhausen, El Shaddai was being planned as a brand, with potential spin-off titles on other platforms. The promotional collaborations included clothing brand Edwin creating jeans modelled on Enoch and Luficel's own, and Bandai also produced several figurines. A soundtrack album was published by Square Enix on April 27, 2011. Virtua Fighter 5 included themed costumes and titles to promote the title.
With support from former Ignition staff member Kazuhiro Takeshita, who was determined to preserve the IP following Ignition Tokyo's closure, Takeyasu and his company Crim successfully purchased the El Shaddai IP in 2013. Crim ported the game to Windows and released it worldwide through Steam on September 2, 2021. The release came packaged with a post-game novel focusing on Lucifel, and a digital artbook and soundtrack were released alongside it. A version was published by Crim for the Amazon Luna cloud platform on August 3, 2022. A Nintendo Switch port was announced in April 2022. The Switch port is being co-developed by Aqualead, and was stated to be in a playable state in August 2022.
As part of the game's marketing and his later expansions upon the world and mythology, Takeyasu created and supervised multimedia projects including a manga prequel, a number of novels and short stories following related characters such as the Grigori, mobile spin-off games, and art exhibitions portraying the characters and setting. After acquiring the El Shaddai IP, Takeyasu created a concept dubbed the "Mythical Concept"; inspired by the Cthulhu Mythos, it was based around stories drawing inspiration from world mythology and tying into each other in loose ways to which people could contribute with original art and media projects. A game based on the Mythical Concept, The Lost Child, was developed by Crim and released on PlayStation 4 and PlayStation Vita.
Reception
Both the PS3 and 360 versions saw "generally favourable" reviews, receiving scores of 78 and 75 out of 100 on review aggregator website Metacritic, based on 46 and 44 reviews respectively. The Windows release earned a score of 71 out of 100 based on 12 reviews. Reception was generally positive, with critics often focusing praise on its visuals, and the variety of its gameplay and level design.
Japanese gaming magazine Famitsu praised the "mysterious" story and characters, while Keza MacDonald of Eurogamer felt having "absolutely no idea what's going on" added to the game's attraction. Tom McShae of GameSpot felt players would have trouble understanding the story, a sentiment echoed by GameTrailers. Andrew Fitch, writing for Electronic Gaming Monthly, was surprised at the game's faithfullness to the original text, and praised Ignition's localization as an improvement over earlier titles. Game Informers Andrew Reiner was likewise positive about the English voice acting. Edge Magazine felt it would be best for players to ignore the story due to its fragmented and confusing presentation. PALGNs Jarrod Mawson was unimpressed by the story overall despite a strong prologue, while IGNs Colin Moriarty was generally negative beyond the premise.
Famitsu enjoyed the combat system, though some reviewers noted difficulty with the 2D platforming sections. Fitch found the gameplay generally enjoyable and praised the variety of level presentation. MacDonald noted the wide variety of gameplay settings, finding herself disoriented at times and always enjoying the experience. Edge enjoyed both the combat, and the platforming sections as enjoyable and challenging. Reiner "wholeheartedly loved" the title, praising the combat as having hidden depth and replay value. GameTrailers positively noted the variety of gameplay scenarios keeping El Shaddai from going stale. McShae was surprised by the combat's depth, citing it as one of the game's strong points, but faulted the camera control during 3D platforming sections. JC Fletcher of Joystiq cited the gameplay as a fresh take on the genre despite some issues with platforming and the camera, while Mawson felt the combat lacked variety and evolution to sustain the entire experience. In an import review, Daniel Feit of Play Magazine noted a lack of effective communication to the player during combat, worsened in places by the camera behavior. Jose Otero of 1Up.com enjoyed the gameplay up to a point, but similarly noted a lack of explanation might leave players at a disadvantage. Moriarty disliked the gameplay, finding the combat shallow and repetitive. Other reviewers also shared this criticism.
Famitsu praised the variety and design of the graphics and designs, and Edge said they added to the overall feel of the gameplay. Reiner positively compared the game's graphics to moving museum pieces, and GameTrailers found the visual variety engaging if sometimes overwhelming. MacDonald lauded the varied visual design, but noted the 3D platforming sections suffered from the in-game graphics. McShae mirrored MacDonald's praise, calling the game "an absolute pleasure to stare at". Fitch enjoyed the visual variety, but felt it sometimes intruded upon the gameplay. Fletcher felt the graphics were best shown off with the different areas within the Grigori's tower. Mawson cited the graphics as the main appeal of the game. Feit lauded the visual design, positively noting the lack of a traditional UI and feeling that the visual design made up for some of the gameplay problems. The graphics were one of the few elements given full praise by Moriarty, though he faulted the lack of a HUD. The music also met with general praise.
Sales and awards
During its first week on sale in Japan, both versions of El Shaddai were among the top fifteen best-selling games, with the PS3 version reaching third place with sales of over 58,000 copies. By the end of 2011, the PS3 version had sold over 75,200 units, while the 360 version sold over 12,000. El Shaddai failed to enter the top 40 all-platforms sales chart, which it reached #27 and #37 in the PS3 and 360 charts respectively. It was noted that Ignition's later layoffs were due to a number of commercial failures.
During its exhibition at the 2010 Tokyo Game Show, El Shaddai was among the titles given the "Future Game" award. During its 2011 ceremony, National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers nominated the game in the "Art Direction, Fantasy", "Control Design, 3D" and "Original Dramatic Score, New IP" categories. At the 2012 Game Developers Choice Awards, the game was nominated in the "Best Visual Arts".
Notes
References
External links
2011 video games
3D platform games
Action games
Gamebryo games
Hack and slash games
Kadokawa Dwango franchises
Nintendo Switch games
PlayStation 3 games
Single-player video games
Video games about angels
Video_games_set_in_heaven
Video games based on the Bible
Video games developed in Japan
Video games scored by Masato Kouda
Video games with cel-shaded animation
Xbox 360 games
Windows games
UTV Ignition Games games |
Achaura is a village in Ujhani Tehsil and Budaun district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is 2 km away from Ujhani railway station. The village is administrated by Gram Panchayat. Its village code is 128518.
Connectivity
Ujhani railway station
Public Bus Stand
Private Bus Stand
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Villages in Budaun district |
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<h3> Sunday, 19th Mar </h3>
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Adding Support for Android Auto to your App - workshop 1hr (Workshop) | Android
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<p><span style="">Android isnt about phones anymore, and we already know that. Wear, Glasses and VR covered, the next big thing in android is going to be in-car entertainment. In 2016 we have already seen car manufacturers like Hyundai, KIA and Toyota equipping their urban vehicles with Android Auto capable dashboards.</span><span style="">Right now we can make Audio and Messaging apps that can pair with Android Auto, and in the near future we will have more access to the vehicles CAN bus interface. It the time to start adding Auto support to your apps</span></p>
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<p><span style="">Currently I teach Android Application Development at CodingBlocks, a programming bootcamp startup.</span><span style="">I have been a Developer and Device Maintainer at CyanogenMod and AOKP, building latest Android images for Sony Xperia devices, adding awesome usability features that make users fall in love. I have also been a contributor to the Dialer and Phone projects under AOSP.</span><span style="">I have been a Open Source community partner with Sony Mobile for the last two years.</span><span style="">I was part of the team that made many contextually smart UI/UX enhacements for the Micromax Canvas A290, A310, A315 series of phones.</span><span style="">I am also an open source enthusiast with contributions to Linux, GNOME, Arduino, Android and other open source projects, and a Google Summer of Code alumnus.</span><span style="">Have been a speaker at Mobile Developer Summit 2014, and DroidCon 2014, 2015. </span></p>
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<p> <a href=../rooms.html#2017-03-19-Planck_(Floor_3)>Planck (Floor 3)</a></p>
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Tom Lloyd (born 1979) is a British novelist. He is the author of the Twilight Reign series.
Biography
Tom Lloyd was born in the UK and studied Politics and International Relations at Southampton University. He started writing after university and took a job in publishing where he still works. He currently lives in Oxford.
Bibliography
The Twilight Reign
Comprising:
The Stormcaller (2006)
The Twilight Herald (2007)
The Grave Thief (2008)
The Ragged Man (2010)
The Dusk Watchman (2012)
The God Tattoo, and other short stories of the Land (2013)
Empire of a Hundred Houses
Moon's Artifice (2014)
Old Man's Ghosts (2015)
The God Fragments
The God Fragments is a heroic fantasy series set in a world where polities compete for so-called god fragments, necessary catalysts to creating the elemental ammunition for mage-guns. God fragments, therefore, are a critical resource for maintaining military independence. The series includes:
Stranger of Tempest (2016)
Princess of Blood (2017)
Knight of Stars (2019)
God of Night (2020)
References
External links
1979 births
Living people
English male novelists |
Rogoźnica () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Drawno, within Choszczno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Drawno, east of Choszczno, and east of the regional capital Szczecin.
Before 1945 the village was German-settled and part of Germany.
References
Villages in Choszczno County |
Adagio and Allegro in F minor for a mechanical organ, K. 594, is a composition by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, completed in late 1790.
Background
The piece was commissioned by Count for use as a funeral mass to be played on a mechanical organ clock in the mausoleum for the recently deceased Generalfeldmarschall (Fieldmarshall) Ernst Gideon von Laudon, part of the Müllersche Kunstgalerie, the wax art gallery and organ museum of "Joseph Müller" (which was the Count Deym's assumed name). This displayed a casket covered with glass, through which one could view a wax figure of the Field Marshall. When the clock struck the hour, a lament was heard: a new one each week, one of which was Mozart's Adagio and Allegro.
Although Mozart intended the piece to be played on a mechanical clockwork organ, he wished later that it could be played on a conventional organ. In a letter to his wife Constanze dated 3 October 1790, he wrote, "If it were on a large clock-work with a sound like an organ, I'd be glad to do it; but as it is a thing made up of tiny pipes only, which sound too shrill and childish for me". As time passed, Mozart seemed to be content with the decision, saying later that the work and its installation in the gallery in "fruitlessness and purity and compatibility to the works of art eclipses anything that anyone has ever succeeded in producing". The piece takes about twelve minutes to perform.
Movements
The piece has three movements.
I – Adagio The first movement is an adagio lasting two minutes and serving as an introduction. It is composed of a main theme, a bridge and a recapitulation of the main theme. This and the closing adagio are stately elegies, the music is "weeping" with predominantly descending chromatic lines.
II – Allegro The main movement of the piece lasts eight minutes. It has a lighter mood, with a faster tempo. Framed by the opening and closing adagios, this middle section depicts the military career of the Field Marshall. The last bars capture the uncertainties of a military career, where Mozart breaks away from an augmented sixth chord and leaves it hanging in the air, unresolved, for almost four full beats.
III – Adagio The final movement lasts roughly two minutes and returns to the darker mood of the first movement, recapitulating its main theme.
Other works for mechanical organ
In 1791 Mozart wrote another piece in F minor for mechanical organ, "Ein Orgel Stück für eine Uhr" (an organ piece for a clock), K.608. This composition is believed to have also been commissioned by Count Deym.
References
External links
Compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
1790 compositions
Compositions in F minor |
Church of the Immaculate Conception and the Michael Ferrall Family Cemetery is a historic Roman Catholic church and cemetery at 145 S. King Street in Halifax, Halifax County, North Carolina. The church was designed by noted Philadelphia architect Edwin Forrest Durang, and built in 1889. The church is basically a rectangular gable-front Late Gothic Revival style frame building, 20 feet wide and 37 feet deep. It features a pair of asymmetrical projecting corner towers and lancet-arch window openings. Adjacent to the cemetery is the Michael Ferrall Family Cemetery, which contains the Michael Ferrall Family Vault built in 1859. The church is one of only two churches still standing that were built by Servant of God Thomas Frederick Price, the first native North Carolinian to become a Catholic priest.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.
References
Roman Catholic churches in North Carolina
Cemeteries in North Carolina
Roman Catholic cemeteries in the United States
Roman Catholic Diocese of Raleigh
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1889
Carpenter Gothic church buildings in North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Halifax County, North Carolina
Churches in Halifax County, North Carolina
Buildings and structures in Halifax, North Carolina
1889 establishments in North Carolina
19th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in the United States |
The 2023–24 season is the 97th season in the history of Sutton United and their third consecutive season in League Two. The club are participating in League Two, the FA Cup, the EFL Cup, and the 2023–24 EFL Trophy.
Current squad
Transfers
In
Out
Loaned in
Loaned out
Pre-season and friendlies
On 15 May, Sutton United announced their first three pre-season friendlies, against Havant & Waterlooville, Farnborough and Woking. Three days later, a home friendly against Reading was confirmed. A further two friendlies were later added, against Millwall and Aldershot Town.
Competitions
Overall record
League Two
League table
Results summary
Results by round
Matches
On 22 June, the EFL League Two fixtures were released.
FA Cup
Sutton were drawn at home to AFC Fylde in the first round.
EFL Cup
U's were drawn at home to Cambridge United in the first round, and away to Wycombe Wanderers in the second round and Port Vale in the third round.
EFL Trophy
In the group stage, Sutton were drawn in alongside Charlton Athletic, Crawley Town and Aston Villa U21.
Squad statistics
Appearances
Goals
Assists
Clean sheets
Disciplinary record
References
Sutton United
Sutton United F.C. seasons
Sutton United
English football clubs 2022–23 season
Sutton United |
Calceolaria cana, the salsilla or zarcilla, is a species of flowering plant in the pocketbook plant genus Calceolaria, family Calceolariaceae, native to central Chile. Along with Calceolaria corymbosa and Calceolaria crenatiflora it has contributed to the Calceolaria Herbeohybrida Group of cultivars.
References
cana
Endemic flora of Chile
Flora of central Chile
Plants described in 1799
Taxa named by Antonio José Cavanilles |
The results of the 2015 Little League World Series were determined between August 21 and August 30, 2015 in South Williamsport, Pennsylvania. The tournament was originally scheduled to begin on August 20, however inclement weather resulted in the postponement of all first day games. 16 teams were divided into two groups, one with eight teams from the United States and another with eight international teams, with both groups playing a modified double-elimination tournament. In each group, the last remaining undefeated team faced the last remaining team with one loss, with the winners of those games advancing to play for the Little League World Series championship.
Double-elimination stage
United States
Winner's bracket
Game 2: Texas 1, Oregon 0
Game 4: California 14, Kentucky 2
Game 6: South Carolina 7, Rhode Island 1
Game 8: Pennsylvania 18, Missouri 0
Game 14: Texas 8, California 4
Game 16: Pennsylvania 9, South Carolina 8
Game 24: Pennsylvania 3, Texas 0
Loser's bracket
Game 10: Kentucky 7, Oregon 5
Game 12: Rhode Island 6, Missouri 3
Game 18: Kentucky 4, South Carolina 3
Game 20: California 10, Rhode Island 3
Game 22: California 11, Kentucky 3
Game 26: Texas 9, California 7
International
Winner's bracket
Game 1: Uganda 4, Dominican Republic 1
Game 3: Venezuela 5, Australia 2
Game 5: Mexico 1, Canada 0
Game 7: Japan 7, Chinese Taipei 5
Game 13: Venezuela 7, Uganda 0
Game 15: Japan 3, Mexico 1
Game 23: Japan 5, Venezuela 4
Loser's bracket
Game 9: Australia 3, Dominican Republic 0
Game 11: Chinese Taipei 16, Canada 4
Game 17: Mexico 14, Australia 3
Game 19: Chinese Taipei 5, Uganda 0
Game 21: Mexico 11, Chinese Taipei 1
Game 25: Mexico 11, Venezuela 0
Crossover games
Game A: Dominican Republic 7, Oregon 3
Game B: Missouri 18, Canada 6
Single-elimination stage
International Championship: Japan 1, Mexico 0
United States Championship: Pennsylvania 3, Texas 2
Third-place game: Texas 6, Mexico 4
World Championship Game: Japan 18, Pennsylvania 11
References
External links
Full schedule from littleleague.org
2015 Little League World Series |
MPEG-1 Audio Layer II or MPEG-2 Audio Layer II (MP2, sometimes incorrectly called Musicam or MUSICAM) is a lossy audio compression format defined by ISO/IEC 11172-3 alongside MPEG-1 Audio Layer I and MPEG-1 Audio Layer III (MP3). While MP3 is much more popular for PC and Internet applications, MP2 remains a dominant standard for audio broadcasting.
History of development from MP2 to MP3
MUSICAM
MPEG-1 Audio Layer 2 encoding was derived from the MUSICAM (Masking pattern adapted Universal Subband Integrated Coding And Multiplexing) audio codec, developed by Centre commun d'études de télévision et télécommunications (CCETT), Philips, and the Institut für Rundfunktechnik (IRT) in 1989 as part of the EUREKA 147 pan-European inter-governmental research and development initiative for the development of a system for the broadcasting of audio and data to fixed, portable or mobile receivers (established in 1987).
It began as the Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) project managed by Egon Meier-Engelen of the Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt (later on called Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, German Aerospace Center) in Germany. The European Community financed this project, commonly known as EU-147, from 1987 to 1994 as a part of the EUREKA research program.
The Eureka 147 System comprised three main elements: MUSICAM Audio Coding (Masking pattern Universal Sub-band Integrated Coding And Multiplexing), Transmission Coding & Multiplexing and COFDM Modulation.
MUSICAM was one of the few codecs able to achieve high audio quality at bit rates in the range of 64 to 192 kbit/s per monophonic channel. It has been designed to meet the technical requirements of most applications (in the field of broadcasting, telecommunication and recording on digital storage media) — low delay, low complexity, error robustness, short access units, etc.
As a predecessor of the MP3 format and technology, the perceptual codec MUSICAM is based on integer arithmetics 32 subbands transform, driven by a psychoacoustic model. It was primarily designed for Digital Audio Broadcasting and digital TV, and disclosed by CCETT(France) and IRT (Germany) in Atlanta during an IEEE-ICASSP conference. This codec incorporated into a broadcasting system using COFDM modulation was demonstrated on air and on the field together with Radio Canada and CRC Canada during the NAB show (Las Vegas) in 1991. The implementation of the audio part of this broadcasting system was based on a two chips encoder (one for the subband transform, one for the psychoacoustic model designed by the team of G. Stoll (IRT Germany), later known as Psychoacoustic model I in the ISO MPEG audio standard) and a real time decoder using one Motorola 56001 DSP chip running an integer arithmetics software designed by Y.F. Dehery's team (CCETT, France). The simplicity of the corresponding decoder together with the high audio quality of this codec using for the first time a 48 kHz sampling frequency, a 20 bits/sample input format (the highest available sampling standard in 1991, compatible with the AES/EBU professional digital input studio standard) were the main reasons to later adopt the characteristics of MUSICAM as the basic features for an advanced digital music compression codec such as MP3.
The audio coding algorithm used by the Eureka 147 Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) system has been subject to the standardization process within the ISO/Moving Pictures Expert Group (MPEG) in 1989–94. MUSICAM audio coding was used as a basis for some coding schemes of MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 Audio. Most key features of MPEG-1 Audio were directly inherited from MUSICAM, including the filter bank, time-domain processing, audio frame sizes, etc. However, improvements were made, and the actual MUSICAM algorithm was not used in the final MPEG-1 Audio Layer II standard.
Since the finalisation of MPEG-1 Audio and MPEG-2 Audio (in 1992 and 1994), the original MUSICAM algorithm is not used anymore. The name MUSICAM is often mistakenly used when MPEG-1 Audio Layer II is meant. This can lead to some confusion, because the name MUSICAM is trademarked by different companies in different regions of the world. (Musicam is the name used for MP2 in some specifications for Astra Digital Radio as well as in the BBC's DAB documents.)
The Eureka Project 147 resulted in the publication of European Standard, ETS 300 401 in 1995, for DAB which now has worldwide acceptance. The DAB standard uses the MPEG-1 Audio Layer II (ISO/IEC 11172-3) for 48 kHz sampling frequency and the MPEG-2 Audio Layer II (ISO/IEC 13818-3) for 24 kHz sampling frequency.
MPEG Audio
In the late 1980s, ISO's Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) started an effort to standardize digital audio and video encoding, expected to have a wide range of applications in digital radio and TV broadcasting (later DAB, DMB, DVB), and use on CD-ROM (later Video CD). The MUSICAM audio coding was one of 14 proposals for MPEG-1 Audio standard that were submitted to ISO in 1989.
The MPEG-1 Audio standard was based on the existing MUSICAM and ASPEC audio formats.
The MPEG-1 Audio standard included the three audio "layers" (encoding techniques) now known as Layer I (MP1), Layer II (MP2) and Layer III (MP3).
All algorithms for MPEG-1 Audio Layer I, II and III were approved in 1991 as the committee draft of ISO-11172 and finalized in 1992 as part of MPEG-1, the first standard suite by MPEG, which resulted in the international standard ISO/IEC 11172-3 (a.k.a. MPEG-1 Audio or MPEG-1 Part 3), published in 1993. Further work on MPEG audio was finalized in 1994 as part of the second suite of MPEG standards, MPEG-2, more formally known as international standard ISO/IEC 13818-3 (a.k.a. MPEG-2 Part 3 or backward compatible MPEG-2 Audio or MPEG-2 Audio BC), originally published in 1995. MPEG-2 Part 3 (ISO/IEC 13818-3) defined additional bit rates and sample rates for MPEG-1 Audio Layer I, II and III. The new sampling rates are exactly half that of those originally defined for MPEG-1 Audio. MPEG-2 Part 3 also enhanced MPEG-1's audio by allowing the coding of audio programs with more than two channels, up to 5.1 multichannel.
The Layer III (MP3) component uses a lossy compression algorithm that was designed to greatly reduce the amount of data required to represent an audio recording and sound like a decent reproduction of the original uncompressed audio for most listeners.
Emmy Award in Engineering
CCETT (France), IRT (Germany) and Philips (The Netherlands) won an Emmy Award in Engineering 2000 for development of a digital audio two-channel compression system known as Musicam or MPEG Audio Layer II.
Technical specifications
MPEG-1 Audio Layer II is defined in ISO/IEC 11172-3 (MPEG-1 Part 3)
Sampling rates: 32, 44.1 and 48 kHz
Bit rates: 32, 48, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 160, 192, 224, 256, 320 and 384 kbit/s
An extension has been provided in MPEG-2 Audio Layer II and is defined in ISO/IEC 13818-3 (MPEG-2 Part 3)
Additional sampling rates: 16, 22.05 and 24 kHz
Additional bit rates: 8, 16, 24, 40 and 144 kbit/s
Multichannel support - up to 5 full range audio channels and an LFE-channel (Low Frequency Enhancement channel)
The format is based on successive digital frames of 1152 sampling intervals with four possible formats:
mono format
stereo format
intensity encoded joint stereo format (stereo irrelevance)
dual channel (uncorrelated) format
Variable bit rate
MPEG audio may have variable bit rate (VBR), but it is not widely supported. Layer II can use a method called bit rate switching. Each frame may be created with a different bit rate.
According to ISO/IEC 11172-3:1993, Section 2.4.2.3: To provide the smallest possible delay and complexity, the (MPEG audio) decoder is not required to support a continuously variable bit rate when in layer I or II.
How the MP2 format works
MP2 is a sub-band audio encoder, which means that compression takes place in the time domain with a low-delay filter bank producing 32 frequency domain components. By comparison, MP3 is a transform audio encoder with hybrid filter bank, which means that compression takes place in the frequency domain after a hybrid (double) transformation from the time domain.
MPEG Audio Layer II is the core algorithm of the MP3 standards. All psychoacoustical characteristics and frame format structures of the MP3 format are derived from the basic MP2 algorithm and format.
The MP2 encoder may exploit inter channel redundancies using optional "joint stereo" intensity encoding.
Like MP3, MP2 is a perceptual coding format, which means that it removes information that the human auditory system will not be able to easily perceive. To choose which information to remove, the audio signal is analyzed according to a psychoacoustic model, which takes into account the parameters of the human auditory system. Research into psychoacoustics has shown that if there is a strong signal on a certain frequency, then weaker signals at frequencies close to the strong signal's frequency cannot be perceived by the human auditory system. This is called frequency masking. Perceptual audio codecs take advantage of this frequency masking by ignoring information at frequencies that are deemed to be imperceptible, thus allowing more data to be allocated to the reproduction of perceptible frequencies.
MP2 splits the input audio signal into 32 sub-bands, and if the audio in a sub-band is deemed to be imperceptible then that sub-band is not transmitted. MP3, on the other hand, transforms the input audio signal to the frequency domain in 576 frequency components. Therefore, MP3 has a higher frequency resolution than MP2, which allows the psychoacoustic model to be applied more selectively than for MP2. So MP3 has greater scope to reduce the bit rate.
The use of an additional entropy coding tool, and higher frequency accuracy (due to the larger number of frequency sub-bands used by MP3) explains why MP3 does not need as high a bit rate as MP2 to get an acceptable audio quality. Conversely, MP2 shows a better behavior than MP3 in the time domain, due to its lower frequency resolution. This implies less codec time delay — which can make editing audio simpler — as well as "ruggedness" and resistance to errors which may occur during the digital recording process, or during transmission errors.
The MP2 sub-band filter bank also provides an inherent "transient concealment" feature, due to the specific temporal masking effect of its mother filter. This unique characteristic of the MPEG-1 Audio family implies a very good sound quality on audio signals with rapid energy changes, such as percussive sounds. Because both the MP2 and MP3 formats use the same basic sub-band filter bank, both benefit from this characteristic.
Applications of MP2
Part of the DAB digital radio and DVB digital television standards.
Layer II is commonly used within the broadcast industry for distributing live audio over satellite, ISDN and IP Network connections as well as for storage of audio in digital playout systems. An example is NPR's PRSS Content Depot programming distribution system. The Content Depot distributes MPEG-1 L2 audio in a Broadcast Wave File wrapper. MPEG2 with RIFF headers (used in .wav) is specified in the RIFF/WAV standards. As a result, Windows Media Player will directly play Content Depot files, however, less intelligent .wav players often do not. As the encoding and decoding process would have been a significant drain on CPU resources in the first generations of broadcast playout systems, professional broadcast playout systems typically implement the codec in hardware, such as by delegating the task of encoding and decoding to a compatible soundcard rather than the system CPU.
All DVD-Video players in PAL countries contain stereo MP2 decoders, making MP2 a possible competitor to Dolby Digital in these markets. DVD-Video players in NTSC countries are not required to decode MP2 audio, although most do. While some DVD recorders store audio in MP2 and many consumer-authored DVDs use the format, commercial DVDs with MP2 soundtracks are rare.
MPEG-1 Audio Layer II is the standard audio format used in the Video CD and Super Video CD formats (VCD and SVCD also support variable bit rate and MPEG Multichannel as added by MPEG-2).
MPEG-1 Audio Layer II is the standard audio format used in the MHP standard for set-top boxes.
MPEG-1 Audio Layer II is the audio format used in HDV camcorders.
MP2 files are compatible with some Portable audio players.
Naming and extensions
The term MP2 and filename extension .mp2 usually refer MPEG-1 Audio Layer II data, but can also refer to MPEG-2 Audio Layer II, a mostly backward compatible extension which adds support for multichannel audio, variable bit rate encoding, and additional sampling rates, defined in ISO/IEC 13818-3. The abbreviation MP2 is also sometimes erroneously applied to MPEG-2 video or MPEG-2 AAC audio.
Licensing
Sisvel S.p.A., a Luxembourg-based company, administered a licensing program for patents applying to MPEG Audio which, as of around the first quarter of 2023, has become legacy.
See also
MPEG-1
MPEG-1 Audio Layer I
MPEG-1 Audio Layer III
MPEG-2
MP4 (container format)
Elementary stream
Musepack originally MP2-based, with numerous improvements
Notes
References
Genesis of the MP3 Audio Coding Standard by Hans Georg Musmann in IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 52, Nr. 3, pp. 1043–1049, August 2006
MUSICAM Source Coding by Yves-François Dehery, AES 10th International Conference: Kensington, London, England, (7-9 Sept 1991), pp 71–79.
External links
The history of MP3 from Fraunhofer IIS
MPEG Audio Resources and Software
TooLAME – An MP2 encoder
TwoLAME – A fork of the tooLAME code
RFC 3003 – The document defining MIME type for MPEG-1 Audio Layer II
A MPEG Audio Layer II decoder in 4k – Source code for small open source decoder.
Official MPEG web site
Patent Status of MPEG-1, H.261 and MPEG-2 – Some information about patents
Audio codecs
MP3
MPEG |
David Marshall (October 26, 1846 – February 14, 1920) was a Canadian politician.
Born in Halton County, Canada West, Marshall was a businessman, before being elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the Ontario electoral district of Elgin East in a 1906 by-election, after the sitting MP, Andrew B. Ingram, was appointed Vice Chairman of the Ontario Railway and Municipal Commission. A Conservative, he was re-elected in 1908, 1911, and 1917. He died in office in 1920.
References
1846 births
1920 deaths
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Unionist Party (Canada) MPs |
The Jezinkas is a Bohemian fairy tale collected by A. H. Wratislaw in his Sixty Folk-Tales from Exclusively Slavonic Sources, number 5. Parker Filmore included it, as Grandfather's Eyes, in Czechoslovak Fairy Tales. Ruth Manning-Sanders included, as Johnny and the Witch-Maidens in both A Book of Witches and A Choice of Magic.
Synopsis
A poor orphan named Johnny (Jeníček) tried to get into service. He travelled far without finding a place. He came to an old man who had caverns in his head instead of eyes, and whose goats were bleating in their stall. The man took him as a goatherd but warned him against the hills: there, the three evil witches, known as the Jezinkas (Jeziňky), would put him to sleep and tear out his eyes.
For two days, Johnny obeyed him, but on the third day, he decided the pasture was better there. He took three shoots of bramble and drove the goats to the hill. A very beautiful and finely-dressed young maiden appeared, offering him an apple; he said he had eaten his fill of apples from his master's apple tree. Another appeared, with a rose, offering to let him smell it; he said he had smelled his fill of the more roses in his master's garden. A third one, who was the youngest and most beautiful of them, offered to comb his hair. He said nothing, but when she came close, he trapped her with the bramble shoot. The other two sisters came and could not undo it, and he then bound them as well despite their protests and weeping.
Johnny fetched his master. Taking the eldest of the Jezinka sisters, he demanded his master's eyes. When she said she did not know, he carried her to the river and threatened to throw her into it. Terrified, she brought him to a cave filled with eyes and gave him two. His master put them in but said he could see nothing but owls. Johnny then did throw the girl into the river and it was the end of her. He did the same with the middle sister, and when she gave his master eyes that saw nothing but wolves, he threw her, too, into the river. With the youngest of the sisters, after she gave his master eyes that saw nothing but pike, he went to drown her as well, but she pleaded with him and gave his master his actual eyes, and so he let her go; she was never seen around again.
Analysis
Tale type
The tale is classified in the Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index as tale type ATU 321, "Eyes Recovered from Witch" or "The Stolen Eyes": a poor youth works for an elderly blind couple. The youth discovers the cause for the couple's blindness is due to the actions of evil witches or malevolent fairies.
Distribution
Scholarship locates variants of type 321 in the Baltic region, in Eastern Europe and in Southern Europe.
Combinations
The tale type appears merged with tale type ATU 301, "The Three Stolen Princesses", wherein the hero descends to a Lower World (Nether World or Underworld) by following a trail of blood or to rescue three princesses. In this combination, the hero heals the old man (woman or couple)'s eyes and has further adventures (usually tale type ATU 300, "The Dragonslayer"). This combination is reported to exist in Romanian and Hungarian variants of the tale type (type 321*, "Vak öregek", translated as "Blind couple" or "The Blind Old Men").
See also
Mogarzea and his Son
References
Jezinkas
Jezinkas
ATU 300-399 |
Zhang Xinyu (born 9 March 1997) is a Chinese swimmer. She competed in the women's 100 metre breaststroke event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1997 births
Living people
Olympic swimmers for China
Swimmers at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 2014 Asian Games
Swimmers at the 2018 Asian Games
Asian Games competitors for China
Chinese female breaststroke swimmers
21st-century Chinese women |
Tabitha Cecil Kern ( 1880s – June 1, 1928) was an American stage and film actress and theater director. The daughter of a prominent publisher in Portland, Oregon, Kern studied dramatic art in San Francisco before making her Broadway debut in The Revellers (1909), followed by a portrayal of Hélène in the original Broadway production of Madame X (1910). The next year, she appeared as Esther in a Broadway production of Ben-Hur. She also appeared in several films, including Rainbow (1921) for Vitagraph Studios.
Kern died in a Manhattan hotel in June 1928, following weeks of reported isolation. Upon the discovery of her body, the press deemed her death mysterious, though law enforcement suggested it appeared to have been due to natural causes. It was subsequently reported that she had died of a pulmonary hemorrhage.
Biography
Early life
Tabitha Cecil Kern was born in the 1880s, the daughter of John Jacob Kern, a publisher of the Portland, Oregon Deutsche Zeitung, and Henrietta Kern (née Marburg). Both of her parents were German immigrants. 1910 census New York City census records and some news articles indicate she was born in Portland, though the 1885 U.S. Census notes that she was born in Nebraska, where she was residing in Thayer with her family at age 2.
Kern spent the majority of her early life in Portland, where she received her primary education. She became interested in acting at a young age, and relocated to San Francisco to study dramatic art in her teenage years. According to her sister, Meta: "She had a remarkable memory when a child of but three years old and never tired of mimicking and reciting. She must have inherited some of my father's qualities of application and ability to study." Kern's elder brother, Albert E. Kern, later became the president of the First National Bank in Portland, as well as in Madras, Oregon.
Career
Kern's first major stage role was that of Cynthia, a stenographer, in a production of The Man of the Hour, which began its tour in Atlantic City, New Jersey in the fall of 1907. During a performance at the Moore Theatre in Seattle in January 1908, Kern was physically assaulted by co-star Ruby Bridges, who punched her in the face at the performance's conclusion. Bridges, who claimed Kern had been ridiculing her from offstage, pleaded guilty to assault and was fined $25 for the crime.
She made her Broadway debut 1909's The Revellers. Next, she portrayed Hélène in the original Broadway production of Madame X (1910). The following year, she starred as Esther opposite Oscar Adye in the Broadway production of Ben-Hur, followed by The Governor's Boss in 1914. In 1917, she joined the New Denham Players, appearing in a Denver production of Marrying Money. Kern subsequently appeared in several films, including Rainbow (1921) for Vitagraph Studios. She also appeared in 1921's The House of Mystery.
In 1923, Kern directed the Seattle Theatre Guild's opening season performance of In Love with Love.
Death
Kern was found dead of apparent natural causes in a residential hotel at 24 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan on June 5, 1928. The press deemed her death "mysterious" as she had gone into seclusion during the weeks before, remaining isolated in the hotel room where she lived; a "do not disturb" sign was left hanging from her door for approximately three days before her body was discovered. Per a New York Daily News report, Kern, "tall, blonde and about 40, was found fully dressed and wrapped in a silk comfortable." According to maids at the hotel, Kern had informed them in the preceding days that she had been "distressed."
A subsequent report in Variety noted that her cause of death was pulmonary hemorrhage, which was pronounced by Dr. Hitchley of New York Hospital. The New York City municipal death records list her date of death as June 1, 1928. Her remains were cremated by Fresh Pond Crematory in Queens, and she was interred at Rose City Cemetery in her hometown of Portland, Oregon.
See also
List of unsolved deaths
Filmography
Stage credits
Notes
References
External links
1880s births
1928 deaths
20th-century American actresses
Actresses from Nebraska
Actresses from Portland, Oregon
American film actresses
American silent film actresses
American stage actresses
American theatre directors
American people of German descent
Respiratory disease deaths in New York (state)
Deaths from pulmonary hemorrhage
Unsolved deaths in the United States |
Charndej Weerapol (born 21 January 1944) is a Thai boxer. He competed in the men's bantamweight event at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
References
1944 births
Living people
Charndej Weerapol
Charndej Weerapol
Boxers at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people)
Bantamweight boxers |
Daniel Chester French (April 20, 1850 – October 7, 1931) was an American sculptor of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He is best known for his 1874 sculpture The Minute Man in Concord, Massachusetts, and his 1920 monumental statue of Abraham Lincoln in the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.
Family
French was the son of Anne Richardson (1811–1856), daughter of William Merchant Richardson (1774–1838), chief justice of New Hampshire; and of Henry Flagg French (1813–1885). His siblings were Henriette Van Mater French Hollis (1839–1911), Sarah Flagg French Bartlett (1846–1883), and William M.R. French (1843–1914). He was the uncle of Senator Henry F. Hollis.
Life and career
French was born in Exeter, New Hampshire, to Henry Flagg French (1813–1885), a lawyer, judge, Assistant US Treasury Secretary, and author of a book that described the French drain, and his wife Anne Richardson. In 1867, French moved with his family to Concord, Massachusetts, where he was a neighbor and friend of Ralph Waldo Emerson, and the Alcott family. His decision to pursue sculpting was influenced by Louisa May Alcott's sister May Alcott.
French's early education included training in anatomy with William Rimmer and in drawing with William Morris Hunt. French spent a year studying at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and also several years in Florence, Italy, studying in the studio of Thomas Ball. French first earned acclaim for The Minute Man, commissioned by the town of Concord, Massachusetts, which was unveiled April 19, 1875, on the centenary of the Battle of Lexington and Concord. He soon established his own studio, first in Washington, DC, moving later to Boston and then to New York City. French's reputation grew with his Statue of the Republic for the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, in Chicago. Other memorable works by French include: the First Division Monument and the Butt-Millet Memorial Fountain in Washington; John Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; bronze doors for the Boston Public Library; and Four Continents at the US Custom House, New York (now the Alexander Hamilton US Custom House). In addition to the Lincoln Memorial, French collaborated with architect Henry Bacon on numerous memorials around the country and on the Dupont Circle fountain in Washington, DC.
In 1893, French was a founding member of the National Sculpture Society, and he was appointed a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1913. French also became a member of the National Academy of Design (1901), the American Academy of Arts and Letters (which awarded him the Gold Medal for Sculpture in 1917), the Architectural League, and the Accademia di San Luca, of Rome. He was a trustee of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, and a co-founder of the American Academy in Rome. He was a Chevalier of the French Legion of Honor and was awarded a medal of honor from the Paris Exposition of 1900; he also was granted honorary degrees from Dartmouth, Yale, Harvard, and Columbia universities. He was a founding member of the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts, serving from 1910 to 1915, including as chairman from 1912 to 1915.
In 1917, French and a colleague, H. Augustus Lukeman, designed the Pulitzer Prize gold medal presented to laureates. French designed the side of the prize with Benjamin Franklin on it, while Lukeman created the iconic design of the printing press and the wording on the award: "For disinterested and meritorious public service rendered by an American newspaper during the year….". In collaboration with Edward Clark Potter he modeled the George Washington statue, commissioned by a group that called itself "The Association of American Women for the Erection of a Statue of Washington in Paris" and unveiled in the Place d'Iena in Paris, France, in 1900; the General Grant statue in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, commissioned by the Association for Public Art (formerly the Fairmount Park Art Association); and the equestrian statue of Joseph Hooker in Boston.
French was one of many sculptors who frequently employed Audrey Munson as a model; another frequent sitter was Hettie Anderson. Together with Walter Leighton Clark and others, he was also one of the founders of the Berkshire Playhouse, which later became the Berkshire Theatre Festival.
In 1917, Harvard's citation in conferring an honorary Master of Arts referred to his statue of Emerson when it called him "a sculptor, whose skillful hand, unlike that of the friend whom he portrayed, has not been stopped but spared to adorn our land by the creation of his art". French also taught; among his pupils was the sculptor Edith Howland.
French died in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, in 1931 at age 81. He is buried in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Concord.
Legacy
Chesterwood, French's summer home and studio – designed by his architect friend and frequent collaborator Henry Bacon – is now a historic site owned and operated by the National Trust for Historic Preservation.
In 1940, French was selected as one of five artists to be honored in the 35-stamp "Famous Americans" series.
Chester French was an American indie band named for the artist.
"Daniel Chester French: American Sculptor" (2022) is a documentary film by Eduardo Montes-Bradley produced in association with Chesterwood and the National Trust for Historic Preservation.HD, 60 minutes.
Works
Notable public monuments
The Minute Man at the Old North Bridge in Concord, Massachusetts, (1874)
Bust of Major General William Francis Bartlett at Memorial Hall, Harvard University, (1881)
John Harvard, Harvard Yard in Cambridge, Massachusetts, (1884)
Lewis Cass, National Statuary Hall, Washington DC, (1889)
Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Alice Cogswell (1889), Gallaudet University, Washington, DC
Thomas Starr King monument San Francisco, California, (1891)
Statue of The Republic, the colossal centerpiece of the World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893. His 24-foot gilt-bronze reduced version made in 1918 survives in Chicago.
John Boyle O'Reilly Memorial, intersection of Boylston Street and the Fenway in Boston, Massachusetts, (1897)
Rufus Choate memorial, Old Suffolk County Court House, Boston, Massachusetts, (1898)
Richard Morris Hunt Memorial, on the perimeter wall of Central Park, at 5th Avenue at 70th Street, opposite the Frick Collection, in New York City, (1900)
Commodore George H. Perkins Monument at the New Hampshire State House, Concord, New Hampshire (1902)
Alma Mater (1903), on the campus of Columbia University in New York City
Statue of Wendell Phillips, Public Garden in Boston, Massachusetts
The Four Continents – Asia, America, Europe, and Africa, a group of four statues outside the National Museum of the American Indian at the Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House, Manhattan, NYC (1907)
George Robert White Memorial, Public Garden in Boston, Massachusetts
Statue of Samuel Spencer, first president of Southern Railway, located in front of Goode Building (Norfolk Southern offices) on Peachtree Street in Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, (1910)
August Meyer Memorial, 10th and The Paseo, Kansas City, Missouri (1909)
James Oglethorpe Monument, Chippewa Square, Savannah, Georgia (1910)
Standing Lincoln at the Nebraska State Capitol, Lincoln, Nebraska, (1912)
Brooklyn and Manhattan, seated figures from the Manhattan Bridge, Brooklyn Museum in Brooklyn, New York, (1915)
Minuteman, Henry Bacon designer, Jno. Williams, Inc. (NY) founder, Danville, Illinois. (1915)
The Spirit of Life, memorial to Spencer Trask, in Saratoga Springs, New York, at Congress Park, 1915
Abraham Lincoln in the Lincoln Memorial (1914–22), executed by the Piccirilli Brothers.
The Weaver, outside the Peace Dale Library in South Kingstown, Rhode Island (1919).
Marquis de Lafayette Memorial, on the perimeter of Prospect Park (Brooklyn), at 9th Street and Prospect Park West, Brooklyn, New York, (1917)
Samuel Francis du Pont Memorial Fountain, Dupont Circle, Washington DC (1921)
Alfred Tredway White Memorial, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Henry Bacon architect (1921)
Russell Alger Memorial Fountain, Grand Circus Park, Detroit, Michigan (1921).
Marquis de Lafayette Statue, Lafayette College campus, Easton, Pennsylvania (1921).
Gale Park War Memorial & Park, Exeter, New Hampshire (1922)
Bust of Washington Irving and reliefs of Boabdil and Rip Van Winkle for the Washington Irving Memorial, Irvington, New York, (1927)
Beneficence, Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana. (1930)
William Henry Seward Memorial in Florida, New York (1930)
Death and the Wounded Soldier aka Death and Youth, The Chapel of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, St. Paul's School, Concord, New Hampshire
James Woods, “Uncle Jimmy” Green, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS. (1924)
Gen. William Franklin Draper, Draper Memorial Park, Milford, Massachusetts. (1912)
Gallery
Architectural sculpture
Peace and Vigilance (alternatively America at War and Peace) US Customhouse & Post Office, St. Louis, Missouri, Alfred B. Mullett architect (1876–1882)
Pediment, New Hampshire Historic Society Building, Concord, New Hampshire, Guy Lowell, architect (1909–1911)
Bronze doors, Boston Public Library, Boston, Massachusetts, McKim, Mead & White architects, (1884–1904)
Justice, Appellate Division Courthouse of New York State, Manhattan, New York, James Brown Lord architect (1900)
Four Continents, Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House, Manhattan, New York, Cass Gilbert architect, (1904, with Adolph A. Weinman)
Progress of the State, quadriga, Six statues on entablature, Minnesota State Capitol, St. Paul, Minnesota, Cass Gilbert architect (1907)
Jurisprudence and Commerce, Federal Building, Cleveland, Ohio, Arnold Brunner architect (1910)
John Hampden, and Edward I, two attic figures, Cuyahoga County Courthouse, Cleveland, Ohio, Lehman & Schmidt architects (1908, 1911)
Attic Figures, pediment, Brooklyn Museum, NYC, McKim, Mead & White architects (1912)
Wisconsin, figure surmounting the dome, Wisconsin State Capitol, Madison, Wisconsin, George B. Post architect (1914)
Abraham Lincoln (1920), Lincoln Memorial, Washington, DC, Henry Bacon architect (1914–1922)
Peace, sculpture for the Admiral George Dewey Triumphal Arch and Colonnade that was built in Madison Square in Manhattan, New York, in 1900.
DeWitt Clinton, one of three statues prepared in 1903 for the New York Chamber of Commerce and Industry Building at 65 Liberty Street, Manhattan, New York. The statues were removed in 1926.
Greek Epic; Lyric Poetry, and Religion. Sculptures for the 1908 Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences building on Eastern Parkway in Brooklyn, New York.
Power and Wisdom. Sculpture for the 1919 First World War Memorial. Since destroyed.
Cemetery monuments
Death and the Sculptor, a memorial for the grave of the sculptor Martin Milmore in the Forest Hills cemetery, Boston; this received a medal of honor at Paris, in 1900. (1893)
Clark Memorial, Forest Hills Cemetery, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, (1894)
Chapman Memorial, Forest Home Cemetery, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, (1897)
Angel of Peace – George Robert White, Forest Hills Cemetery, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, (1898)
Ruth Anne Dodge Memorial, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Often referred to as the "Black Angel". (1918)
Memory, the Marshall Field Memorial, Graceland Cemetery, Chicago, Henry Bacon, architect (1906)
Slocum Memorial, Forest Hills Cemetery in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts
Melvin Memorial, Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Concord, Massachusetts, Henry Bacon, architect (1906–1908)
Selected museum pieces
The Angel of Death and the Sculptor, Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City
Memory, Metropolitan Museum of Art, marble carved by the Piccirilli Brothers, 1917–1919, from a bronze of 1886–87, revised in 1909.
Mourning Victory, Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City
And the Sons of God saw the Daughters of Men That They Were Fair…, For French, this was an unusually erotic sculpture depicting the verse from Genesis whereby a fallen angel seduces a mortal woman thus producing the mythical Nephilim, Corcoran Gallery of Art; Washington DC, signed and dated 1923.
Miscellaneous pieces
The Chicago Incendiary: edition of a small bisque statuette depicting the cow alleged to have started the Great Chicago Fire of 1871
The Minute Man: depicted on a US postage stamp issued in 1925, commemorating the Battles of Lexington and Concord
Bust of John Brewster, who endowed Brewster Academy in 1887.
References
Citations
Further reading
Buck, Diane M. and Virginia A. Palmer, Outdoor Sculpture in Milwaukee: A Cultural and Historical Guidebook, The State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Madison, 1995
Caffin, Charles H., American Masters of Sculpture, Doubleday, Page & Company, New York 1913
Caffin, in International Studio, volumes xx (1903), lx (1910), and lxvi (1912)
Carlock, Marty, A Guide to Public Art in Greater Boston from Newburyport to Plymouth, The Harvard Common Press, Boston Massachusetts, 1988
Chesterwood Archives, Geographical List of Works: DRAFT, unpublished manuscript, April 14, 1993
Coughlan, in Magazine of Art (1901)
Craven, Wayne, Sculpture in America, Thomas Y. Crowell Co, NY, NY 1968
Cresson, Margaret French, Journey into Fame: The Life of Daniel Chester French, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1947
Dearinger, David, Daniel Chester French: The Female Form Revealed, Boston Athenaeum, 2016
Hucke, Matt and Ursela Bielski, Graveyards of Chicago: the People, History, Art and Lore of Cook County Cemeteries, Lake Claremont Press, Chicago, 1999
Kvaran, Einar Einarsson, Architectural Sculpture in America
Lanctot, Barbara, A Walk Through Graceland Cemetery, Chicago Architectural Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, 1988
Richman, Michael, Daniel Chester French: An American Sculptor, The Preservation Press, Washington DC, 1976
Taft, Lorado, The History of American Sculpture, MacMillan Co., New York, NY 1925
Tolles, Thayer. "Daniel Chester French (1850–1931)". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. (June 2010)
Wilson, Susan, Garden of Memorials: A Guide to Historic Forest Hills, Forest Hills Educational Trust
External links
Daniel Chester French: Sculpture In Situ
Chesterwood Estate and Museum—Summer home, studio, and garden of sculptor Daniel Chester French
"F" (pp. 158–182; see p. 177) in Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012
Daniel Chester French exhibition brochure from the Metropolitan Museum of Art
"Chesterwood: The Workshop of an American Sculptor"; "Chesterwood: The Workshop of an American Sculptor – A Teaching with Historic Places Lesson Plan", a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan
1850 births
1931 deaths
19th-century American sculptors
19th-century American male artists
20th-century American sculptors
20th-century American male artists
American architectural sculptors
American male sculptors
Artists of the Boston Public Library
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters
National Sculpture Society members
People from Concord, Massachusetts
People from Exeter, New Hampshire
People from Stockbridge, Massachusetts
Sculptors from New Hampshire |
The 2002 Arizona Senate election was held on November 5, 2002. Voters elected members of the Arizona Senate in all 30 of the state's legislative districts to serve a two-year term. These were the first elections following the 2000 redistricting cycle, which moved many incumbents into new districts. Primary elections were held on September 10, 2002.
Prior to the elections, the Senate was evenly divided between the Republicans and Democrats in a 15-to-15 tie.
Following the election, Republicans took unitary control of the chamber with 17 Republicans to 13 Democrats, a net gain of two seats for Republicans.
The newly elected senators served in the 46th Arizona State Legislature.
Retiring Incumbents
Democrats
District 11: Elaine Richardson
District 13: Virginia Yrun
District 14: Ruth Solomon
District 20: Mary Hartley
District 22: Joe Eddie Lopez
District 25: Chris Cummiskey
District 30: Jay Blanchard
Republicans
District 2: John Verkamp
District 16: Darden C. Hamilton
District 17: Brenda Burns
District 19: Scott Bundgaard
District 26: Tom Smith
District 28: Randall Gnant
District 29: David Petersen
Incumbents Defeated in Primary Elections
Democrat
District 4: Edward Cirillo
Republicans
District 11: Susan Gerard
District 20: Lori Daniels
Summary of Results by Arizona State Legislative District
Detailed Results
District 1
District 2
District 3
District 4
District 5
District 6
District 7
District 8
District 9
District 10
District 11
District 12
District 13
District 14
District 15
District 16
District 17
District 18
District 19
District 20
District 21
District 22
District 23
District 24
District 25
District 26
District 27
District 28
District 29
District 30
References
Senate
Arizona Senate
Arizona Senate elections |
Phylica polifolia, also called rosemary or Saint Helena rosemary, is a species of plant in the family Rhamnaceae. It is endemic to Saint Helena. Its natural habitats are rocky areas and rocky shores.
References
Flora of Saint Helena
polifolia
Critically endangered plants
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
In enzymology, a xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
XMP + diphosphate 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + xanthine
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are XMP and diphosphate, whereas its two products are 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate and xanthine.
This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the pentosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is XMP:diphosphate 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribosyltransferase. Other names in common use include Xan phosphoribosyltransferase, xanthosine 5'-phosphate pyrophosphorylase, xanthylate pyrophosphorylase, xanthylic pyrophosphorylase, XMP pyrophosphorylase, 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose-1-diphosphate:xanthine, phospho-D-ribosyltransferase, 9-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)xanthine:diphosphate, and 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribosyltransferase. This enzyme participates in purine metabolism.
Structural studies
As of late 2007, 6 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes , , , , , and .
References
EC 2.4.2
Enzymes of known structure |
A mobile workstation, also known as a desktop replacement computer (DTR) or workstation laptop, is a personal computer that provides the full capabilities of a workstation-class desktop computer while remaining mobile. They are often larger, bulkier laptops or in some cases 2-in-1 PCs with a tablet-like form factor and interface. Because of their increased size, this class of computer usually includes more powerful components and a larger display than generally used in smaller portable computers and can have a relatively limited battery capacity (or none at all). Some use a limited range of desktop components to provide better performance at the expense of battery life. These are sometimes called desknotes, a blend of "desktop" and "notebook", though the term is also applied to desktop replacement computers in general. Other names being monster notebooks or musclebooks in reference to muscle cars.
Origins
The forerunners of the mobile workstation were the portable computers of the early to mid-1980s, such as the Portal R2E CCMC, the Osborne 1, Kaypro II, the Compaq Portable and the Commodore Executive 64 (SX-64) computers. These computers contained the CPU, display, floppy disk drive and power supply all in a single briefcase-like enclosure. Similar in performance to the desktop computers of the era, they were easily transported and came with an attached keyboard that doubled as a protective cover when not in use. They could be used wherever space and an electrical outlet were available, as they had no battery.
The development of the laptop form factor gave new impetus to portable computer development. Many early laptops were feature-limited in the interest of portability, requiring such mobility-limiting accessories as external floppy drives or clip-on trackball pointing devices. One of the first laptops that could be used as a standalone computer was the EUROCOM 2100 based on Intel's 8088 CPU architecture, it duplicated the functionality of the desktop models without requiring an external docking station.
The development of the modern mobile workstation came with the realization that many laptops were used in a semi-permanent location, often remaining connected to an external power source at all times. This suggested that a market existed for a laptop-style computer that would take advantage of the user's reduced need for portability, allowing for higher-performance components, greater expandability, and higher-quality displays. Mobile workstations are also often used with a port replicator, to full enjoy the desktop comfort.
Design features
Modern mobile workstations generally perform better than traditional laptop-style computers as their size allows the inclusion of more powerful components. The larger body means more efficient heat-dissipation, allowing manufacturers to use components that would otherwise overheat during normal use. Furthermore, their increased size allows for more modularity, which allows for a greater expandability and features, as well as larger and brighter displays. However, these advantages generally come at a price premium, with many computers in this class costing as much as two desktop computers with similar specifications.
Using a laptop form factor, however, mobile workstations still often suffer from limitations similar to those of more mobile laptops. They usually lack the ability to accept standard PCIe expansion cards, somewhat limiting their expandability. While mobile workstations can offer better cooling than other laptops, they rarely dissipate heat efficiently enough to allow for high-end desktop-class components, and thus may not reach the same performance levels as desktop computers.
Mobile workstations computers are, with a few exceptions, difficult to upgrade compared to desktop computers, with many of their major components (such as the display) integral to the design of the machine, and others (such as the CPU and GPU) often being hard to access and replace.
A small segment of mobile workstations do not include a battery as a standard feature, while some do not include ExpressCard support. They have the same limitations on serviceability as laptops, and can rarely use identical components to a desktop computer.
See also
Clevo x7200
Overclocking
SLI
Enthusiast computing
Gaming laptop
References
Laptops |
André Luiz de Carvalho Ribeiro (born 27 August 1989), mostly known as André Fufuca or Fufuquinha, is a Brazilian physician and politician. André Fufuca is son of incumbent mayor of Alto Alegre do Pindaré, Fufuca Dantas.
Political career
State Representative (2011–2015)
Elected in 2010 at the age of 21 by the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB), while he was attending college, Fufuca became the youngest state representative of Brazil.
During his term, Fufuca had served as chair of the Municipal Affairs and Regional Development Commission and the Health Commission.
Federal Representative (2015–present)
In 2014, André Fufuca was elected federal representative by the National Ecologic Party (PEN), garnering 56,879 votes. In his first year, he became rapporteur of the Ortheses and Prostheses Mafia Parliamentary Commission.
In his second year, Fufuca became the youngest caucus coordinator in history. On 6 May 2015, he voted in favor of Provisional Measure 665, which toughen rules for unemployment insurance and allowance.
On 17 April 2016, he voted to open the impeachment process against Dilma Rousseff. On 14 June 2016, he supported suspended Chamber president Eduardo Cunha, voting against his removal in the Ethics Council. Later, Fufuca supported the Constitutional Amendment of the Public Expenditure Cap and the Labour Reform.
On 2 February 2017, Fufuca was elected Second Vice President of the Chamber of Deputies. On 27 August 2017, he presided the Chamber, as president Michel Temer was in an official travel to China and the Chamber president, Rodrigo Maia, had to serve as acting president. Initially, the First Vice President, Fábio Ramalho, was responsible for this role, but he travelled with the Brazilian president. Therefore, Fufuca had served as the Chamber acting president.
In August 2017, Fufuca voted against the process which requested an investigation against president Michel Temer, helping to archive the complaint of the Public Prosecutor's Office.
In September 2023, Fufuca was confirmed for the Ministry of Sports by president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, replacing former volleyball player and Olympic medalist Ana Moser, ensuring a parliamentary majority in the National Congress with the support of Progressistas (PP).
References
|-
Brazilian Social Democracy Party politicians
Patriota politicians
Progressistas politicians
Living people
1989 births
Brazilian physicians
People from Maranhão
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil) from Maranhão
Members of the Legislative Assembly of Maranhão
Government ministers of Brazil |
Alan Goldberg may refer to:
Alan Goldberg (architect), American architect
Alan Goldberg (judge) (1940–2016), Federal Court of Australia judge
Alan E. Goldberg (born 1949), American Thoroughbred horse racing trainer |
AirTrain Newark is a monorail people mover system connecting the terminals at Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR) and trains at Newark Liberty International Airport Station on the Northeast Corridor (NEC), where transfers are possible to Amtrak and NJ Transit's Northeast Corridor Line and North Jersey Coast Line. The monorail opened in 1996, and , is planned to be replaced.
History
Initial operations
The monorail opened in 1996 and initially served only as an airport circulator, a service which allows passengers to transfer between airport terminals or concourses. The monorail track was refurbished and extended to the NEC, with construction beginning in 1997. The system reopened for service on October 21, 2000. When first opened in 1996 a fleet of 12 six-car trains ran on the network. It was later expanded to 18 six-car trains.
The contract to build the system was awarded to Von Roll, but the project was finished by Adtranz, who acquired Von Roll's monorail division while the system was being built. Adtranz was later acquired by Bombardier Transportation, which was itself purchased by Alstom, who continues to operate the AirTrain under contract to the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, the operator of the airport.
AirTrain service was suspended from May 1, 2014, for 75 days, until mid-July, to allow repairs. Repairs were completed early, and the service re-opened on July 3.
Replacement
The system has a projected lifespan of 25 years. In April 2015, the PANYNJ suggested that initial work to replace the system would cost $40 million in consultant and engineering studies. In 2017, the Port Authority decided to include the then $1.7 billion PATH extension to Newark Liberty Rail Link Station in their 2017 10-year capital plan, while the AirTrain was given $300 million for maintenance and repairs.
However, in January 2019, New Jersey Governor Phil Murphy announced a plan for a $2 billion replacement project for the AirTrain. Murphy has stated that replacement is necessary because the system is reaching the end of its projected 25-year life and is subject to persistent delays and breakdowns. The Port Authority would be responsible for funding the project. In October 2019, the Port Authority board approved the replacement project with an estimated cost of $2.05 billion. Construction was expected to start in 2021 and be completed in 2024.
A draft environmental impact statement was completed in February 2021 when the proposed opening date was shifted to 2026.
Fare
The train is free, except to and from the Northeast Corridor station. In that case, an $8.25 "AirTrain access fee" is charged. When passengers purchase a ticket to or from the station the fee is added to the ticket price and a barcode is printed that can be used at a faregate array between the AirTrain platform and the train platform. Passengers using passes to another station and those who pay a cash fare on board the train must purchase a separate AirTrain ticket from machines located on either side of the faregates. Child tickets (ages 5 to 11) are exempt from this additional fare.
The access fee has been raised several times since the system was built, with the last increase to $8.25 coming into effect on March 5, 2023.
Stations
The AirTrain has three major stations within the airport, one for each main terminal (A, B, and C). Two stations sit on top of the terminal buildings. There are two other stations (P3 and P4) for the parking lots and rental car facilities plus a sixth (RaiLink station) at the Northeast Corridor. The system originally included two more stations, P1 and P2, but P1 was removed in July 2019 to permit construction of a new consolidated rental car and parking facility, and P2 closed in June 2021 in connection with the same project. However, P2 station was reopened in conjunction with the new terminal A in January 2023, and has since been renamed to Terminal A. The former Terminal A station is now used as an "employees only" stop. Automated announcements recorded by former traffic reporter Bernie Wagenblast tell riders which airlines can be found in each terminal, as well as connections at other stations. In 2007, the average daily paid ridership was 4,930.
Former stations:
Old Terminal A (now employees only)
P1 (demolished July 2019)
See also
List of rapid transit systems
List of airport circulators
List of airport people mover systems
Airport rail link
AirTrain JFK
AirTrain LaGuardia
References
External links
PDF Brochure
PDF Travel Guide for Hotel and Travel Professionals
Monorails
Von Roll Holding people movers
Railway lines opened in 1996
Airport rail links in the United States
Monorails in the United States
Airport people mover systems in the United States
Rapid transit in New Jersey
Transportation in Elizabeth, New Jersey
Transportation in Newark, New Jersey
1996 establishments in New Jersey
Newark Liberty International Airport |
The Newville Historic District is a national historic district which is located in Newville, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. The district is bordered roughly by Cove Alley, Big Spring Creek, the right-of-way for the Cumberland Valley Railroad, and Washington Street, and encompasses 414 contributing buildings, one contributing site, and two contributing objects in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Newville.
History
Most of the contributing buildings in this historic district are residential, spanning construction dates from 1790 to 1950. The oldest residential building is a log residence. Contributing non-residential buildings include the Big Spring Presbyterian Church (1790) and five additional churches, two governmental buildings, nine commercial buildings, three social buildings, one educational building, and one industrial building. The contributing objects are a fountain (1899) and a Veterans of Foreign Wars memorial monument (1940). The contributing site is Big Spring Presbyterian Cemetery (c. 1777).
Placement of this district on the National Register of Historic Places
The community's application to place the Newville Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places was reviewed by the Historic Preservation Board of the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission at its meeting on October 6, 2009, along with applications for: the Hamburg Historic District in Hamburg, Pennsylvania, the Hamnett Historic District in Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania, the Pennsylvania State Office Building and the Philadelphia Quartermaster Depot in Philadelphia, the Experimental and Safety Research Coal Mines in Allegheny County's South Park Township, and the Cheney Farm, Hopewell Farm, and Chandler Mill Road Bridge in Chester County.
This district was then officially added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.
References
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Historic districts in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania |
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// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
#include "src/code-factory.h"
#include "src/compiler/code-assembler.h"
#include "src/compiler/node-properties.h"
#include "src/compiler/opcodes.h"
#include "src/isolate.h"
#include "src/objects-inl.h"
#include "src/objects/heap-number-inl.h"
#include "test/cctest/compiler/code-assembler-tester.h"
#include "test/cctest/compiler/function-tester.h"
namespace v8 {
namespace internal {
namespace compiler {
namespace {
typedef CodeAssemblerLabel Label;
typedef CodeAssemblerVariable Variable;
Node* SmiTag(CodeAssembler& m, Node* value) {
int32_t constant_value;
if (m.ToInt32Constant(value, constant_value) &&
Smi::IsValid(constant_value)) {
return m.SmiConstant(Smi::FromInt(constant_value));
}
return m.WordShl(value, m.IntPtrConstant(kSmiShiftSize + kSmiTagSize));
}
Node* UndefinedConstant(CodeAssembler& m) {
return m.LoadRoot(RootIndex::kUndefinedValue);
}
Node* SmiFromInt32(CodeAssembler& m, Node* value) {
value = m.ChangeInt32ToIntPtr(value);
return m.BitcastWordToTaggedSigned(
m.WordShl(value, kSmiShiftSize + kSmiTagSize));
}
Node* LoadObjectField(CodeAssembler& m, Node* object, int offset,
MachineType rep = MachineType::AnyTagged()) {
return m.Load(rep, object, m.IntPtrConstant(offset - kHeapObjectTag));
}
Node* LoadMap(CodeAssembler& m, Node* object) {
return LoadObjectField(m, object, JSObject::kMapOffset);
}
} // namespace
TEST(SimpleSmiReturn) {
Isolate* isolate(CcTest::InitIsolateOnce());
CodeAssemblerTester asm_tester(isolate);
CodeAssembler m(asm_tester.state());
m.Return(SmiTag(m, m.Int32Constant(37)));
FunctionTester ft(asm_tester.GenerateCode());
CHECK_EQ(37, ft.CallChecked<Smi>()->value());
}
TEST(SimpleIntPtrReturn) {
Isolate* isolate(CcTest::InitIsolateOnce());
CodeAssemblerTester asm_tester(isolate);
CodeAssembler m(asm_tester.state());
int test;
m.Return(m.BitcastWordToTagged(
m.IntPtrConstant(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(&test))));
FunctionTester ft(asm_tester.GenerateCode());
MaybeHandle<Object> result = ft.Call();
CHECK_EQ(reinterpret_cast<Address>(&test), result.ToHandleChecked()->ptr());
}
TEST(SimpleDoubleReturn) {
Isolate* isolate(CcTest::InitIsolateOnce());
CodeAssemblerTester asm_tester(isolate);
CodeAssembler m(asm_tester.state());
m.Return(m.NumberConstant(0.5));
FunctionTester ft(asm_tester.GenerateCode());
CHECK_EQ(0.5, ft.CallChecked<HeapNumber>()->value());
}
TEST(SimpleCallRuntime1Arg) {
Isolate* isolate(CcTest::InitIsolateOnce());
CodeAssemblerTester asm_tester(isolate);
CodeAssembler m(asm_tester.state());
Node* context = m.HeapConstant(Handle<Context>(isolate->native_context()));
Node* b = SmiTag(m, m.Int32Constant(0));
m.Return(m.CallRuntime(Runtime::kIsSmi, context, b));
FunctionTester ft(asm_tester.GenerateCode());
CHECK(ft.CallChecked<Oddball>().is_identical_to(
isolate->factory()->true_value()));
}
TEST(SimpleTailCallRuntime1Arg) {
Isolate* isolate(CcTest::InitIsolateOnce());
CodeAssemblerTester asm_tester(isolate);
CodeAssembler m(asm_tester.state());
Node* context = m.HeapConstant(Handle<Context>(isolate->native_context()));
Node* b = SmiTag(m, m.Int32Constant(0));
m.TailCallRuntime(Runtime::kIsSmi, context, b);
FunctionTester ft(asm_tester.GenerateCode());
CHECK(ft.CallChecked<Oddball>().is_identical_to(
isolate->factory()->true_value()));
}
TEST(SimpleCallRuntime2Arg) {
Isolate* isolate(CcTest::InitIsolateOnce());
CodeAssemblerTester asm_tester(isolate);
CodeAssembler m(asm_tester.state());
Node* context = m.HeapConstant(Handle<Context>(isolate->native_context()));
Node* a = SmiTag(m, m.Int32Constant(2));
Node* b = SmiTag(m, m.Int32Constant(4));
m.Return(m.CallRuntime(Runtime::kAdd, context, a, b));
FunctionTester ft(asm_tester.GenerateCode());
CHECK_EQ(6, ft.CallChecked<Smi>()->value());
}
TEST(SimpleTailCallRuntime2Arg) {
Isolate* isolate(CcTest::InitIsolateOnce());
CodeAssemblerTester asm_tester(isolate);
CodeAssembler m(asm_tester.state());
Node* context = m.HeapConstant(Handle<Context>(isolate->native_context()));
Node* a = SmiTag(m, m.Int32Constant(2));
Node* b = SmiTag(m, m.Int32Constant(4));
m.TailCallRuntime(Runtime::kAdd, context, a, b);
FunctionTester ft(asm_tester.GenerateCode());
CHECK_EQ(6, ft.CallChecked<Smi>()->value());
}
namespace {
Handle<JSFunction> CreateSumAllArgumentsFunction(FunctionTester& ft) {
const char* source =
"(function() {\n"
" var sum = 0 + this;\n"
" for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n"
" sum += arguments[i];\n"
" }\n"
" return sum;\n"
"})";
return ft.NewFunction(source);
}
} // namespace
TEST(SimpleCallJSFunction0Arg) {
Isolate* isolate(CcTest::InitIsolateOnce());
const int kNumParams = 1;
CodeAssemblerTester asm_tester(isolate, kNumParams);
CodeAssembler m(asm_tester.state());
{
Node* function = m.Parameter(0);
Node* context = m.Parameter(kNumParams + 2);
Node* receiver = SmiTag(m, m.Int32Constant(42));
Callable callable = CodeFactory::Call(isolate);
Node* result = m.CallJS(callable, context, function, receiver);
m.Return(result);
}
FunctionTester ft(asm_tester.GenerateCode(), kNumParams);
Handle<JSFunction> sum = CreateSumAllArgumentsFunction(ft);
MaybeHandle<Object> result = ft.Call(sum);
CHECK_EQ(Smi::FromInt(42), *result.ToHandleChecked());
}
TEST(SimpleCallJSFunction1Arg) {
Isolate* isolate(CcTest::InitIsolateOnce());
const int kNumParams = 2;
CodeAssemblerTester asm_tester(isolate, kNumParams);
CodeAssembler m(asm_tester.state());
{
Node* function = m.Parameter(0);
Node* context = m.Parameter(1);
Node* receiver = SmiTag(m, m.Int32Constant(42));
Node* a = SmiTag(m, m.Int32Constant(13));
Callable callable = CodeFactory::Call(isolate);
Node* result = m.CallJS(callable, context, function, receiver, a);
m.Return(result);
}
FunctionTester ft(asm_tester.GenerateCode(), kNumParams);
Handle<JSFunction> sum = CreateSumAllArgumentsFunction(ft);
MaybeHandle<Object> result = ft.Call(sum);
CHECK_EQ(Smi::FromInt(55), *result.ToHandleChecked());
}
TEST(SimpleCallJSFunction2Arg) {
Isolate* isolate(CcTest::InitIsolateOnce());
const int kNumParams = 2;
CodeAssemblerTester asm_tester(isolate, kNumParams);
CodeAssembler m(asm_tester.state());
{
Node* function = m.Parameter(0);
Node* context = m.Parameter(1);
Node* receiver = SmiTag(m, m.Int32Constant(42));
Node* a = SmiTag(m, m.Int32Constant(13));
Node* b = SmiTag(m, m.Int32Constant(153));
Callable callable = CodeFactory::Call(isolate);
Node* result = m.CallJS(callable, context, function, receiver, a, b);
m.Return(result);
}
FunctionTester ft(asm_tester.GenerateCode(), kNumParams);
Handle<JSFunction> sum = CreateSumAllArgumentsFunction(ft);
MaybeHandle<Object> result = ft.Call(sum);
CHECK_EQ(Smi::FromInt(208), *result.ToHandleChecked());
}
TEST(VariableMerge1) {
Isolate* isolate(CcTest::InitIsolateOnce());
CodeAssemblerTester asm_tester(isolate);
CodeAssembler m(asm_tester.state());
Variable var1(&m, MachineRepresentation::kTagged);
Label l1(&m), l2(&m), merge(&m);
Node* temp = m.Int32Constant(0);
var1.Bind(temp);
m.Branch(m.Int32Constant(1), &l1, &l2);
m.Bind(&l1);
CHECK_EQ(var1.value(), temp);
m.Goto(&merge);
m.Bind(&l2);
CHECK_EQ(var1.value(), temp);
m.Goto(&merge);
m.Bind(&merge);
CHECK_EQ(var1.value(), temp);
}
TEST(VariableMerge2) {
Isolate* isolate(CcTest::InitIsolateOnce());
CodeAssemblerTester asm_tester(isolate);
CodeAssembler m(asm_tester.state());
Variable var1(&m, MachineRepresentation::kTagged);
Label l1(&m), l2(&m), merge(&m);
Node* temp = m.Int32Constant(0);
var1.Bind(temp);
m.Branch(m.Int32Constant(1), &l1, &l2);
m.Bind(&l1);
CHECK_EQ(var1.value(), temp);
m.Goto(&merge);
m.Bind(&l2);
Node* temp2 = m.Int32Constant(2);
var1.Bind(temp2);
CHECK_EQ(var1.value(), temp2);
m.Goto(&merge);
m.Bind(&merge);
CHECK_NE(var1.value(), temp);
}
TEST(VariableMerge3) {
Isolate* isolate(CcTest::InitIsolateOnce());
CodeAssemblerTester asm_tester(isolate);
CodeAssembler m(asm_tester.state());
Variable var1(&m, MachineRepresentation::kTagged);
Variable var2(&m, MachineRepresentation::kTagged);
Label l1(&m), l2(&m), merge(&m);
Node* temp = m.Int32Constant(0);
var1.Bind(temp);
var2.Bind(temp);
m.Branch(m.Int32Constant(1), &l1, &l2);
m.Bind(&l1);
CHECK_EQ(var1.value(), temp);
m.Goto(&merge);
m.Bind(&l2);
Node* temp2 = m.Int32Constant(2);
var1.Bind(temp2);
CHECK_EQ(var1.value(), temp2);
m.Goto(&merge);
m.Bind(&merge);
CHECK_NE(var1.value(), temp);
CHECK_NE(var1.value(), temp2);
CHECK_EQ(var2.value(), temp);
}
TEST(VariableMergeBindFirst) {
Isolate* isolate(CcTest::InitIsolateOnce());
CodeAssemblerTester asm_tester(isolate);
CodeAssembler m(asm_tester.state());
Variable var1(&m, MachineRepresentation::kTagged);
Label l1(&m), l2(&m), merge(&m, &var1), end(&m);
Node* temp = m.Int32Constant(0);
var1.Bind(temp);
m.Branch(m.Int32Constant(1), &l1, &l2);
m.Bind(&l1);
CHECK_EQ(var1.value(), temp);
m.Goto(&merge);
m.Bind(&merge);
CHECK(var1.value() != temp);
CHECK_NOT_NULL(var1.value());
m.Goto(&end);
m.Bind(&l2);
Node* temp2 = m.Int32Constant(2);
var1.Bind(temp2);
CHECK_EQ(var1.value(), temp2);
m.Goto(&merge);
m.Bind(&end);
CHECK(var1.value() != temp);
CHECK_NOT_NULL(var1.value());
}
TEST(VariableMergeSwitch) {
Isolate* isolate(CcTest::InitIsolateOnce());
CodeAssemblerTester asm_tester(isolate);
CodeAssembler m(asm_tester.state());
Variable var1(&m, MachineRepresentation::kTagged);
Label l1(&m), l2(&m), default_label(&m);
Label* labels[] = {&l1, &l2};
int32_t values[] = {1, 2};
Node* temp1 = m.Int32Constant(0);
var1.Bind(temp1);
m.Switch(m.Int32Constant(2), &default_label, values, labels, 2);
m.Bind(&l1);
CHECK_EQ(temp1, var1.value());
m.Return(temp1);
m.Bind(&l2);
CHECK_EQ(temp1, var1.value());
Node* temp2 = m.Int32Constant(7);
var1.Bind(temp2);
m.Goto(&default_label);
m.Bind(&default_label);
CHECK_EQ(IrOpcode::kPhi, var1.value()->opcode());
CHECK_EQ(2, var1.value()->op()->ValueInputCount());
CHECK_EQ(temp1, NodeProperties::GetValueInput(var1.value(), 0));
CHECK_EQ(temp2, NodeProperties::GetValueInput(var1.value(), 1));
m.Return(temp1);
}
TEST(SplitEdgeBranchMerge) {
Isolate* isolate(CcTest::InitIsolateOnce());
CodeAssemblerTester asm_tester(isolate);
CodeAssembler m(asm_tester.state());
Label l1(&m), merge(&m);
m.Branch(m.Int32Constant(1), &l1, &merge);
m.Bind(&l1);
m.Goto(&merge);
m.Bind(&merge);
USE(asm_tester.GenerateCode());
}
TEST(SplitEdgeSwitchMerge) {
Isolate* isolate(CcTest::InitIsolateOnce());
CodeAssemblerTester asm_tester(isolate);
CodeAssembler m(asm_tester.state());
Label l1(&m), l2(&m), l3(&m), default_label(&m);
Label* labels[] = {&l1, &l2};
int32_t values[] = {1, 2};
m.Branch(m.Int32Constant(1), &l3, &l1);
m.Bind(&l3);
m.Switch(m.Int32Constant(2), &default_label, values, labels, 2);
m.Bind(&l1);
m.Goto(&l2);
m.Bind(&l2);
m.Goto(&default_label);
m.Bind(&default_label);
USE(asm_tester.GenerateCode());
}
TEST(TestToConstant) {
Isolate* isolate(CcTest::InitIsolateOnce());
CodeAssemblerTester asm_tester(isolate);
CodeAssembler m(asm_tester.state());
int32_t value32;
int64_t value64;
Node* a = m.Int32Constant(5);
CHECK(m.ToInt32Constant(a, value32));
CHECK(m.ToInt64Constant(a, value64));
a = m.Int64Constant(static_cast<int64_t>(1) << 32);
CHECK(!m.ToInt32Constant(a, value32));
CHECK(m.ToInt64Constant(a, value64));
a = m.Int64Constant(13);
CHECK(m.ToInt32Constant(a, value32));
CHECK(m.ToInt64Constant(a, value64));
a = UndefinedConstant(m);
CHECK(!m.ToInt32Constant(a, value32));
CHECK(!m.ToInt64Constant(a, value64));
a = UndefinedConstant(m);
CHECK(!m.ToInt32Constant(a, value32));
CHECK(!m.ToInt64Constant(a, value64));
}
TEST(DeferredCodePhiHints) {
Isolate* isolate(CcTest::InitIsolateOnce());
CodeAssemblerTester asm_tester(isolate);
CodeAssembler m(asm_tester.state());
Label block1(&m, Label::kDeferred);
m.Goto(&block1);
m.Bind(&block1);
{
Variable var_object(&m, MachineRepresentation::kTagged);
Label loop(&m, &var_object);
var_object.Bind(m.SmiConstant(0));
m.Goto(&loop);
m.Bind(&loop);
{
Node* map = LoadMap(m, var_object.value());
var_object.Bind(map);
m.Goto(&loop);
}
}
CHECK(!asm_tester.GenerateCode().is_null());
}
TEST(TestOutOfScopeVariable) {
Isolate* isolate(CcTest::InitIsolateOnce());
CodeAssemblerTester asm_tester(isolate);
CodeAssembler m(asm_tester.state());
Label block1(&m);
Label block2(&m);
Label block3(&m);
Label block4(&m);
m.Branch(m.WordEqual(m.UncheckedCast<IntPtrT>(m.Parameter(0)),
m.IntPtrConstant(0)),
&block1, &block4);
m.Bind(&block4);
{
Variable var_object(&m, MachineRepresentation::kTagged);
m.Branch(m.WordEqual(m.UncheckedCast<IntPtrT>(m.Parameter(0)),
m.IntPtrConstant(0)),
&block2, &block3);
m.Bind(&block2);
var_object.Bind(m.IntPtrConstant(55));
m.Goto(&block1);
m.Bind(&block3);
var_object.Bind(m.IntPtrConstant(66));
m.Goto(&block1);
}
m.Bind(&block1);
CHECK(!asm_tester.GenerateCode().is_null());
}
TEST(GotoIfException) {
Isolate* isolate(CcTest::InitIsolateOnce());
const int kNumParams = 1;
CodeAssemblerTester asm_tester(isolate, kNumParams);
CodeAssembler m(asm_tester.state());
Node* context = m.HeapConstant(Handle<Context>(isolate->native_context()));
Node* to_string_tag =
m.HeapConstant(isolate->factory()->to_string_tag_symbol());
Variable exception(&m, MachineRepresentation::kTagged);
Label exception_handler(&m);
Callable to_string = Builtins::CallableFor(isolate, Builtins::kToString);
Node* string = m.CallStub(to_string, context, to_string_tag);
m.GotoIfException(string, &exception_handler, &exception);
m.Return(string);
m.Bind(&exception_handler);
m.Return(exception.value());
FunctionTester ft(asm_tester.GenerateCode(), kNumParams);
Handle<Object> result = ft.Call().ToHandleChecked();
// Should be a TypeError.
CHECK(result->IsJSObject());
Handle<Object> constructor =
Object::GetPropertyOrElement(isolate, result,
isolate->factory()->constructor_string())
.ToHandleChecked();
CHECK(constructor->SameValue(*isolate->type_error_function()));
}
TEST(GotoIfExceptionMultiple) {
Isolate* isolate(CcTest::InitIsolateOnce());
const int kNumParams = 4; // receiver, first, second, third
CodeAssemblerTester asm_tester(isolate, kNumParams);
CodeAssembler m(asm_tester.state());
Node* context = m.HeapConstant(Handle<Context>(isolate->native_context()));
Node* first_value = m.Parameter(0);
Node* second_value = m.Parameter(1);
Node* third_value = m.Parameter(2);
Label exception_handler1(&m);
Label exception_handler2(&m);
Label exception_handler3(&m);
Variable return_value(&m, MachineRepresentation::kWord32);
Variable error(&m, MachineRepresentation::kTagged);
return_value.Bind(m.Int32Constant(0));
// try { return ToString(param1) } catch (e) { ... }
Callable to_string = Builtins::CallableFor(isolate, Builtins::kToString);
Node* string = m.CallStub(to_string, context, first_value);
m.GotoIfException(string, &exception_handler1, &error);
m.Return(string);
// try { ToString(param2); return 7 } catch (e) { ... }
m.Bind(&exception_handler1);
return_value.Bind(m.Int32Constant(7));
error.Bind(UndefinedConstant(m));
string = m.CallStub(to_string, context, second_value);
m.GotoIfException(string, &exception_handler2, &error);
m.Return(SmiFromInt32(m, return_value.value()));
// try { ToString(param3); return 7 & ~2; } catch (e) { return e; }
m.Bind(&exception_handler2);
// Return returnValue & ~2
error.Bind(UndefinedConstant(m));
string = m.CallStub(to_string, context, third_value);
m.GotoIfException(string, &exception_handler3, &error);
m.Return(SmiFromInt32(
m, m.Word32And(return_value.value(),
m.Word32Xor(m.Int32Constant(2), m.Int32Constant(-1)))));
m.Bind(&exception_handler3);
m.Return(error.value());
FunctionTester ft(asm_tester.GenerateCode(), kNumParams);
Handle<Object> result;
// First handler does not throw, returns result of first value.
result = ft.Call(isolate->factory()->undefined_value(),
isolate->factory()->to_string_tag_symbol())
.ToHandleChecked();
CHECK(String::cast(*result)->IsOneByteEqualTo(OneByteVector("undefined")));
// First handler returns a number.
result = ft.Call(isolate->factory()->to_string_tag_symbol(),
isolate->factory()->undefined_value())
.ToHandleChecked();
CHECK_EQ(7, Smi::ToInt(*result));
// First handler throws, second handler returns a number.
result = ft.Call(isolate->factory()->to_string_tag_symbol(),
isolate->factory()->to_primitive_symbol())
.ToHandleChecked();
CHECK_EQ(7 & ~2, Smi::ToInt(*result));
// First handler throws, second handler throws, third handler returns thrown
// value.
result = ft.Call(isolate->factory()->to_string_tag_symbol(),
isolate->factory()->to_primitive_symbol(),
isolate->factory()->unscopables_symbol())
.ToHandleChecked();
// Should be a TypeError.
CHECK(result->IsJSObject());
Handle<Object> constructor =
Object::GetPropertyOrElement(isolate, result,
isolate->factory()->constructor_string())
.ToHandleChecked();
CHECK(constructor->SameValue(*isolate->type_error_function()));
}
TEST(ExceptionHandler) {
Isolate* isolate(CcTest::InitIsolateOnce());
const int kNumParams = 0;
CodeAssemblerTester asm_tester(isolate, kNumParams);
CodeAssembler m(asm_tester.state());
CodeAssembler::TVariable<Object> var(m.SmiConstant(0), &m);
Label exception(&m, {&var}, Label::kDeferred);
{
CodeAssemblerScopedExceptionHandler handler(&m, &exception, &var);
Node* context = m.HeapConstant(Handle<Context>(isolate->native_context()));
m.CallRuntime(Runtime::kThrow, context, m.SmiConstant(2));
}
m.Return(m.SmiConstant(1));
m.Bind(&exception);
m.Return(var.value());
FunctionTester ft(asm_tester.GenerateCode(), kNumParams);
CHECK_EQ(2, ft.CallChecked<Smi>()->value());
}
TEST(TestCodeAssemblerCodeComment) {
i::FLAG_code_comments = true;
Isolate* isolate(CcTest::InitIsolateOnce());
const int kNumParams = 0;
CodeAssemblerTester asm_tester(isolate, kNumParams);
CodeAssembler m(asm_tester.state());
m.Comment("Comment1");
m.Return(m.SmiConstant(1));
Handle<Code> code = asm_tester.GenerateCode();
CHECK_NE(code->code_comments(), kNullAddress);
CodeCommentsIterator it(code->code_comments());
CHECK(it.HasCurrent());
bool found_comment = false;
while (it.HasCurrent()) {
if (strcmp(it.GetComment(), "Comment1") == 0) found_comment = true;
it.Next();
}
CHECK(found_comment);
}
} // namespace compiler
} // namespace internal
} // namespace v8
``` |
Elmalı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Aziziye, Erzurum Province in Turkey. Its population is 44 (2022).
References
Neighbourhoods in Aziziye District |
Krasny Oktyabr () is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Krasnooktyabrskoye Rural Settlement, Pallasovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,836 as of 2010. There are 23 streets.
Geography
Krasny Oktyabr is located on the left bank of the Torgun River, 29 km west of Pallasovka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Staraya Ivantsovka is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Pallasovsky District |
The Prairie Senior Hockey League was a senior amateur ice hockey league in the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan for the 1971-72 season.
History
The league was formed by the merger of the Saskatchewan Senior Hockey League and the Alberta Senior Hockey League in 1971. It consisted of five teams, two from Alberta, the Calgary Stampeders and Edmonton Monarchs, and three from Saskatchewan, the Regina Caps, Saskatoon Quakers, and Yorkton Millers.
In December the Stampeders went on a tour of Europe. When they returned in January they disbanded because the team had no more money. The other Alberta team from Edmonton remained in the league. It was decided that the Monarchs would not enter the league playoffs but represent Alberta in the Allan Cup playoffs. The other three teams from Saskatchewan would play off among themselves to decide that province's representative.
The Saskatoon Quakers folded after the season ended. What was to be a semifinal series then became a final series between Regina and Yorkton.
1971-72 Standings
Final
Yorkton Millers - Regina Caps 4:1 (4:2, 1:5, 3:1, 5:1, 6:5)
The Yorkton Millers advanced to the 1972 Western Canada Allan Cup Playoffs.
External links
Hockey Canada
Defunct ice hockey leagues in Alberta
Defunct ice hockey leagues in Saskatchewan
1971–72 in Canadian ice hockey by league |
A pecan log roll is a confectionery popularized by the roadside convenience store, Stuckey's.
Pecan log rolls are described by the company's website as "fluffy, cherry-laced nougat wrapped in fresh caramel and pecans."
References
External links
Stuckey's official site
American confectionery
Cuisine of the Southern United States
Nut dishes
Candy bars
Log roll |
Michigan's 4th House of Representatives district (also referred to as Michigan's 4th House district) is a legislative district within the Michigan House of Representatives located in the eastern portion of Wayne County, Michigan, including much of Detroit's Midtown and New Center neighborhoods, and all of the city of Hamtramck. The district was created in 1965, when the Michigan House of Representatives district naming scheme changed from a county-based system to a numerical one.
List of representatives
District Boundaries
Recent Elections
2020
2018
2016
2014
2012
2010
2008
2006
References
Michigan House of Representatives districts
Government of Detroit |
Zhang Chunqiao (; 1 February 1917 – 21 April 2005) was a prominent Chinese political theorist, writer, and politician. He came to the national spotlight during the late stages of the Cultural Revolution, and was a member of the ultra-Maoist group dubbed the "Gang of Four".
Zhang joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1938, later becoming a prominent journalist in charge of Jiefang Daily after the establishment of the People's Republic. He rose to prominence after his October 1958 article entitled “Destroy the Ideology of Bourgeois Right” caught the attention of Mao Zedong, who ordered its reproduction in People's Daily.
With the onset of the Cultural Revolution, he was appointed as a member of the Cultural Revolution Group. In 1967, Zhang organized the Shanghai People's Commune and briefly became its chairman, effectively overthrowing the local Shanghai government and local party structures. Afterwards, he was appointed as the director of the Shanghai Revolutionary Committee. He joined the Politburo in 1969, and its inner Standing Committee in 1973, reaching his zenith as the country's second-ranking vice premier in 1975.
After Mao's death in 1976, Zhang was arrested along with the other members of what would become known as the Gang of Four. He was sentenced to death with a two-year reprieve, later commuted to life imprisonment, and then further reduced to 18 years. He was released from prison in 1998 to undergo medical treatment, and died in 2005.
Early life
Born in Juye County, Shandong, Zhang worked as a writer in Shanghai in the 1930s, developing strong connections within the city. After attending a 1938 conference in Yan'an, he joined the Chinese Communist Party.
People's Republic of China
With the proclamation of the People's Republic of China, Zhang became a prominent Shanghai journalist, put in charge of the newspaper Jiefang Daily. Here, he met Jiang Qing.
Zhang first came to prominence as the result of his October 1958 article in Jiefang Daily entitled “Destroy the Ideology of Bourgeois Right”. Mao Zedong took notice of the article, and ordered it to be reprinted in People’s Daily, along with an accompanying “Editor’s Note” expressing his mild approval. Zhang was seen as one of Mao's firmest supporters as the chairman engaged in an ideological struggle within party leadership with rival revolutionary Liu Shaoqi.
Cultural Revolution
Zhang spent much of the Cultural Revolution shuttling between Beijing and Shanghai. He arrived in Shanghai in November 1966 at representing the Cultural Revolution Group in their push to stop Cao Diqiu from dispersing workers in Anting. He signed the "Five-Point Petition of Workers", and in February 1967 organized the Shanghai People's Commune with Wang Hongwen and Yao Wenyuan, essentially overthrowing the city government and local party structure, becoming chairman of the city's Revolutionary Committee, a title that essentially combined the former posts of mayor and party secretary. This structure would persist until the latter post was restored in 1971.
In April 1969, he joined the Politburo, and in 1973 he was promoted to the Standing Committee therein. In January 1975, Zhang became the second-ranked Vice Premier, and penned "On Exercising All-Round Dictatorship Over the Bourgeoisie" to promote the theoretical study of the dictatorship of the proletariat. Deng Xiaoping was the first-ranked Vice Premier at the time, but was out of the office by 1976.
Arrest and death
Zhang was arrested along with the other members of the so-called "Gang of Four" in October 1976, as part of a conspiracy by Ye Jianying, Li Xiannian and the new party leader Hua Guofeng. He was expelled from the Communist Party in July 1977, and then sentenced to death with a two-year reprieve in 1984, alongside Jiang Qing. His sentence was later commuted to life imprisonment, and was further reduced to 18 years in December 1997.
In 1998, Zhang was released from prison to undergo medical treatment, and he lived in obscurity in Shanghai for the remainder of his life. Zhang died from pancreatic cancer in April 2005.
Notes
References
Reading list
Zhang Chunqiao Reference Archive
"On Exercising All-Round Dictatorship over the Bourgeoisie"
|-
|-
|-
|-
1917 births
2005 deaths
Politicians from Heze
Anti-revisionists
Maoist theorists
People of the Cultural Revolution
Mayors of Shanghai
Deaths from cancer in the People's Republic of China
Chinese Communist Party politicians from Shandong
Gang of Four
People's Republic of China politicians from Shandong
Chinese politicians convicted of crimes
Chinese prisoners sentenced to death
Members of the 10th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Members of the 9th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
Deaths from pancreatic cancer in China
Chinese Marxists
Chinese Maoists
Secretaries of the Communist Party Shanghai Committee
Prisoners sentenced to death by the People's Republic of China |
La Raza are the people of the Hispanic and Chicano world.
La Raza may also refer to:
Arts and entertainment
La Raza (newspaper), a Chicano newspaper based in Los Angeles
La Raza (Chicago), a Spanish-language newspaper in Chicago published by ImpreMedia
La Raza (album), an album by Armored Saint
"La Raza" (song), a song by Kid Frost
"La Raza Cósmica", an essay by José Vasconcelos
KLAX-FM, a Spanish-language radio network in Los Angeles and San Francisco branded as "La Raza"
KGHD-LP, an FM radio station in Las Vegas, Nevada branded as "La Raza"
"La Raza", a filmmaking style by Zachary Laoutides
Political and community organizations
Católicos por La Raza, a Chicano-Catholic organization
El Centro de la Raza, a community center in Seattle
Centro Cultural de la Raza, a cultural center in San Diego, California
Galería de la Raza, a San Francisco Bay Area art gallery
National Council of La Raza, a political advocacy group
La Raza Nation, a Chicago-based gang
La Raza National Lawyers Association, a legal organization
Raza Unida Party, a Chicano nationalist party
Transportation
La Raza metro station, in Mexico City
La Raza (Mexibús), an under-construction BRT station in Mexico City
La Raza (Mexico City Metrobús, Line 1), a BRT station in Mexico City
La Raza (Mexico City Metrobús, Line 3), a BRT station in Mexico City
Other uses
Día de la Raza or Columbus Day, the anniversary of Columbus' arrival in the Americas
Los Siete de la Raza, a group of seven youths accused of killing a police officer in San Francisco, California in 1969
See also
Raza (disambiguation)
Monterrey La Raza (disambiguation)
Monumento a la Raza (disambiguation) |
The Sant'Anna funicular () is a funicular railway in the Italian city of Genoa connecting the Piazza Portello, on the edge of the historic city centre, to the Corso Magenta. The line is one of several true funiculars in the city, including the Zecca–Righi funicular and the Quezzi funicular, although the Principe–Granarolo rack railway is also sometimes erroneously described as a funicular.
History
The funicular was opened in 1891, and was initially water-driven, with water filling a ballast tank under the carriage at the top station, and emptying at the bottom. The line was converted to electric operation in 1980, and was again modernized in 1991 following a fire that destroyed the top station.
From 1 December 2021 it has been free to use courtesy of the Municipality of Genoa and AMT.
Operation
The line is currently managed by AMT Genova, and has the following parameters:
See also
List of funicular railways
References
External links
Brochure on all lifts, funicular & rack railways in Genoa
Former water-powered funicular railways converted to electricity
Funicular railways in Italy
Railway lines in Liguria
Transport in Genoa |
Rômulo José Pacheco da Silva (born 27 October 1995), simply known as Rômulo, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Chengdu Rongcheng as a midfielder.
Club career
Rômulo was born in Recife, Pernambuco, and graduated with Bahia's youth setup. On 16 November 2014 he made his first team – and Série A – debut, coming on as a second-half substitute in a 1–2 home loss against Corinthians.
On 10 February 2015 Rômulo renewed his contract until 2018.
On 6 February 2017, Rômulo signed with Korean second division side Busan IPark on a one year loan deal. After a successful debut season in Korea, Rômulo signed a three year contract with the club. In both 2018 and 2019, Rômulo was named in the official K League 2 team of the season. In the final game of the 2019 season, Rômulo scored a 77th minute penalty to give Busan the lead in the promotion-relegation playoff final against local rivals Gyeongnam FC. Busan went on to win the game 2-0 and achieve promotion to the K League 1.
On 15 April 2021 Rômulo would join Chinese second tier football club Chengdu Rongcheng. In his debut seasons with the club he would establish himself as a regular within the team and aid them to promotion at the end of the 2021 league campaign.
Career statistics
As of 8 January 2023
References
External links
Bahia official profile
1995 births
Living people
Footballers from Recife
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players
Esporte Clube Bahia players
Footballers at the 2015 Pan American Games
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Brazil
Pan American Games medalists in football
Busan IPark players
Chengdu Rongcheng F.C. players
K League 2 players
China League One players
Chinese Super League players
Expatriate men's footballers in South Korea
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in South Korea
Expatriate men's footballers in China
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in China
Brazil men's youth international footballers
Medalists at the 2015 Pan American Games |
The Croûte ferrugineuse is a geologic formation in France. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.
See also
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in France
References
Jurassic France |
```protocol buffer
// or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
// distributed with this work for additional information
// regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
//
// path_to_url
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
// specific language governing permissions and limitations
syntax = "proto2";
package kudu.tablet;
option java_package = "org.apache.kudu.tablet";
import "kudu/common/common.proto";
import "kudu/consensus/opid.proto";
import "kudu/fs/fs.proto";
// ============================================================================
// Tablet Metadata
// ============================================================================
message ColumnDataPB {
required BlockIdPB block = 2;
// REMOVED: optional ColumnSchemaPB OBSOLETE_schema = 3;
optional int32 column_id = 4;
}
message DeltaDataPB {
required BlockIdPB block = 2;
}
message RowSetDataPB {
required uint64 id = 1;
required int64 last_durable_dms_id = 2;
repeated ColumnDataPB columns = 3;
repeated DeltaDataPB redo_deltas = 4;
repeated DeltaDataPB undo_deltas = 5;
optional BlockIdPB bloom_block = 6;
optional BlockIdPB adhoc_index_block = 7;
optional bytes min_encoded_key = 8;
optional bytes max_encoded_key = 9;
// Number of live rows that have been persisted.
optional int64 live_row_count = 10;
}
// State flags indicating whether the tablet is in the middle of being copied
// and is therefore not possible to bring up, whether it has been deleted, or
// whether the data is in a usable state.
enum TabletDataState {
TABLET_DATA_UNKNOWN = 999;
// The tablet is set to TABLET_DATA_COPYING state when in the middle of
// copying data files from a remote peer. If a tablet server crashes with
// a tablet in this state, the tablet must be deleted and
// the Tablet Copy process must be restarted for that tablet.
TABLET_DATA_COPYING = 0;
// Fresh empty tablets and successfully copied tablets are set to the
// TABLET_DATA_READY state.
TABLET_DATA_READY = 1;
// This tablet is in the process of being deleted.
// The tablet server should "roll forward" the deletion during boot,
// rather than trying to load the tablet.
TABLET_DATA_DELETED = 2;
// The tablet has been deleted, and now just consists of a "tombstone".
TABLET_DATA_TOMBSTONED = 3;
}
// Metadata that indicates the state of a transaction.
message TxnMetadataPB {
// Whether the transaction was aborted. If true, 'commit_timestamp' must not
// be set.
optional bool aborted = 1;
// The commit timestamp of the transaction. If set, 'aborted' must not be
// set.
optional int64 commit_timestamp = 2;
// The timestamp used by the MVCC op that tracks the commit of this
// transaction. This is sent to the transaction status manager in response to
// a BEGIN_COMMIT request to be used to assign a commit timestamp that is
// higher than all participants' commit MVCC op timestamps.
//
// When iterating through mutations at a specific clean snapshot (as in a
// READ_AT_SNAPSHOT or diff scan), both this MVCC op timestamp and the commit
// timestamp must be applied for the mutation to be considered committed in
// that snapshot.
//
// When iterating through mutations at the latest snapshot (as in READ_LATEST
// or during compactions), this MVCC op timestamp must be applied and there
// must be a commit timestamp for the mutation to be considered committed --
// this avoids reading dirty, uncommitted rows.
optional int64 commit_mvcc_op_timestamp = 3;
// Whether or not this transaction has flushed its MRS after committing. If
// set to true, Kudu should not create an MRS for this transaction when
// bootstrapping.
optional bool flushed_committed_mrs = 4;
// TODO(awong): add an owner field to this for uncommitted transactions.
}
// The super-block keeps track of the tablet data blocks.
// A tablet contains one or more RowSets, which contain
// a set of blocks (one for each column), a set of delta blocks
// and optionally a block containing the bloom filter
// and a block containing the compound-keys.
message TabletSuperBlockPB {
// Table ID of the table this tablet is part of.
required bytes table_id = 1;
// Tablet Id
required bytes tablet_id = 2;
// The type of table this tablet belongs to. If not set, the assumption is
// this is a user-defined table as opposed to a Kudu-internal system table.
optional TableTypePB table_type = 19;
// The latest durable MemRowSet id
required int64 last_durable_mrs_id = 3;
// DEPRECATED.
optional bytes start_key = 4;
// DEPRECATED.
optional bytes end_key = 5;
// The partition of the table.
optional PartitionPB partition = 13;
// Tablet RowSets
repeated RowSetDataPB rowsets = 6;
// The latest schema
// TODO: maybe this should be TableSchemaPB? Need to actually put those attributes
// into use throughout the code. Using the simpler one for now.
required string table_name = 7;
required SchemaPB schema = 8;
required uint32 schema_version = 9;
// The partition schema of the table.
optional PartitionSchemaPB partition_schema = 14;
// The current state of the tablet's data.
optional TabletDataState tablet_data_state = 10 [ default = TABLET_DATA_UNKNOWN ];
// Blocks that became orphans after flushing this superblock. In other
// words, the set difference of the blocks belonging to the previous
// superblock and this one.
//
// It's always safe to delete the blocks found here.
repeated BlockIdPB orphaned_blocks = 11;
// For tablets that have been tombstoned, stores the last OpId stored in the
// WAL before tombstoning.
// Only relevant for TOMBSTONED tablets.
optional consensus.OpId tombstone_last_logged_opid = 12;
// Tablet data is spread across a data directory group. If this is not set
// and the tablet state is TABLET_DATA_READY, it is assumed that the data is
// from a version of Kudu before 1.5.0. In this case, a new group will be
// created spanning all data directories.
optional DataDirGroupPB data_dir_group = 15;
// Whether the tablet supports counting live row. If false, 'live_row_count'
// may be inaccurate and should be ignored. It's only supported for the newly
// created ones, not for the ancient ones.
optional bool supports_live_row_count = 16;
// The table's extra-config.
optional TableExtraConfigPB extra_config = 17;
// The dimension label for tablet. Used by the master to determine load when
// creating new tablet replicas based on dimension.
optional string dimension_label = 18;
// Map from txn ID to metadata associated with the transaction. This is
// updated on each metadata flush to reflect the current in-memory state of
// transactions. In between an in-memory state update and a flush,
// participant ops should be anchored to replay the updates upon restarting.
// TODO(awong): consider storing these separately from the superblock.
map<int64, TxnMetadataPB> txn_metadata = 20;
}
// Tablet states represent stages of a TabletReplica's object lifecycle and are
// reported to the master via tablet reports.
//
// Legal state transitions for a single TabletReplica object:
//
// NOT_INITIALIZED -> INITIALIZED -> BOOTSTRAPPING -> RUNNING -> STOPPING -> STOPPED -> SHUTDOWN
// | | | ^ ^ ^
// | | | | | |
// | | +------------------+ | |
// | +-------------------------------------+ |
// +------------------------------------------------------+
//
// Since a TabletReplica instance is replaced when a Tablet Copy operation
// occurs, from a remote perspective it is possible for a tablet replica to
// appear to transition from SHUTDOWN back to NOT_INITIALIZED.
enum TabletStatePB {
UNKNOWN = 999;
// Tablet has not yet been initialized.
NOT_INITIALIZED = 6;
// Tablet has been initialized but not yet started.
INITIALIZED = 5;
// Indicates the Tablet is bootstrapping, i.e. that the Tablet is not
// available for RPC.
BOOTSTRAPPING = 0;
// Once the configuration phase is over Peers are in RUNNING state. In this
// state Peers are available for client RPCs.
RUNNING = 1;
// The tablet failed for some reason. TabletReplica::error() will return
// the reason for the failure.
FAILED = 2;
// The Tablet is shutting down, and will not accept further requests.
STOPPING = 3;
// The tablet has been stopped, possibly because it has been tombstoned.
STOPPED = 7;
// The Tablet has been completely shut down.
SHUTDOWN = 4;
}
// Statistics for a tablet replica.
message ReportedTabletStatsPB {
optional uint64 on_disk_size = 1;
optional uint64 live_row_count = 2;
}
``` |
Euphronia is a genus of three species of shrubs native to northern South America and is the only genus in the family Euphroniaceae. It was previously classified in the Vochysiaceae family and elsewhere due to its unique floral features, but the APG III system of 2009 recognized Euphroniaceae as distinct and placed Euphronia in it. Based on molecular data from the rbcL gene, it is sister to the Chrysobalanaceae.
Classification
The genus was originally described by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius and Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini in 1824 when they described Euphronia hirtelloides as a new species. In 1918, the German botanist Johannes Gottfried Hallier reclassified what was then known as Lightia guianensis as a species in this genus: Euphronia guianensis. And in 1987, the American botanist Julian Alfred Steyermark described the third species, Euphronia acuminatissima. It was proposed in 1989 that the family Euphroniaceae be erected to contain the genus because it was sufficiently different from other related genera. An analysis of the molecular phylogenetics of these related genera and families in 1998 supported the decision to retain the genus within a monotypic family.
References
Malpighiales genera
Malpighiales
pt:Euphroniaceae |
The United Nations Interpretation Service is a part of the Meetings and Publishing Division (MPD) of the UN's Department for General Assembly and Conference Management (DGACM). Its core function is to provide interpretation from and into Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish for meetings held at United Nations Headquarters, and those at other locations which the department is responsible for servicing. Interpretation is essential to the inter-governmental bodies for the proper conduct and smooth functioning of their deliberations.
History and evolution
The creation of the conference interpreting service – and the interpreting profession itself – at the United Nations has a direct connection with the evolution of international diplomatic relations, the League of Nations, the Nuremberg trials, the founding of the United Nations, and the birth of multilingualism within the United Nations itself.
Early days of the interpreting profession
Most of the early interpreters of the United Nations were natural polyglots who were uprooted by wars and revolutions. For years, the only criterion used to select potential interpreters was the knowledge of two international languages the interpreters had to communicate in. Polyglots were found mainly in privileged social groups, government employees and professionals in colonial empires, in militarily and diplomatically powerful nations, in political or ideological exiles, in those who leave their countries temporarily for academic purposes, and in children of couples who speak different languages.
After the 1960s, there was change in the sociological make-up of UN interpreters. The United Nations began recruiting and training potential interpreters who were monolingual from birth but had learned and specialized in languages. This generation of interpreters did not come from privileged groups or complex migratory backgrounds.
In contrast with the early beginnings of the profession, there was also a progressive addition of women in the field of conference interpreting.
Modern-day conference interpreting
At the League of Nations and during the San Francisco Conference (1945) before the formal founding of the United Nations, the interpreters played a vital and visible role in meetings. In consecutive interpretation, conference interpreters spoke from the same dais as the original speakers, and the speaker stops periodically so that the interpreter can interpret what has just been said while the participants in the meeting viewed and listened to the consecutive interpreter. The conference interpreters were often exposed to selected or large audiences and the media. In the late 1940s and the early 1950s, United Nations officials introduced simultaneous interpretation as a preferred method for the majority of UN meetings because it saved time and improved the quality of the output. Simultaneous interpreting – a mode that confined the interpreters in glass-encased booths aided with earpieces and microphones – arose in the 1920s and 1930s when American businessman Edward Filene and British engineer A. Gordon-Finlay developed simultaneous interpretation equipment with IBM, and was also used in the post-World War II Nazi war crime trials held in Nuremberg, Germany.
UN Duty Stations with interpretation or language service offices
United Nations Headquarters (UNHQ), New York City, New York, U.S.
United Nations Office at Geneva (UNOG), Switzerland
United Nations Office at Vienna (UNOV), Austria
United Nations Office at Nairobi (UNON), Kenya
United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), Addis Ababa
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP), Bangkok, Thailand
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (UNESCWA), Beirut, Lebanon
United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Santiago, Chile
Organigramme
The UN Interpretation Service is composed of the following staff:.
Chief of Service (Chief Interpreter) (1)
Administrative Staff (Secretaries or Meeting Services Assistants)
Chiefs of Sections (Heads of Booths or Heads of Sections) (6)
Interpreters (permanents and freelancers)
Interpretation Service Sections
The UN Interpretation Service is divided into the following sections:.
Arabic Section
Chinese Section
English Section
French Section
Russian Section
Spanish Section
The interpretation system sequence
The speaker talks to a "microphone discussion system" connected to a central system.
The central control system distributes the signal to the audience that do not need interpretation and to the simultaneous interpreter.
Audio consoles are placed in the interpretation booths. Interpreters receive the signal, and are still able to capture the environment of the meeting.
The interpreter talks to his or her transmitter and the signal goes back to the central console.
UN interpreters and filmography
Cinema
The Interpreter, a film by Sydney Pollack, 2005
The Art of War, Amen Ra Films, 2000
Charade, Universal Pictures, 1963
See also
United Nations System
United Nations General Assembly
United Nations Security Council
United Nations Trusteeship Council
United Nations Secretariat
International Court of Justice
International Association of Conference Interpreters
References
Further reading
Career-related
Interpreters at the United Nations: A History by Jesús Baigorri-Jalón.
La interpretación de conferencias: el nacimiento de una profesión, de Paris a Nuremberg by Jesús Baigorri-Jalón.
From Russian into English: An Introduction to Simultaneous Interpretation by Lynn Visson, UN Interpreter.
A Brief Guide to From Russian into English: An Introduction to Simultaneous Interpretation by Lynn Visson, UN Interpreter.
Interpretation: Techniques and Exercises by James Nolan, UN Interpreter. Hardbound , Paperback , Ebook
More Publications about Interpreting and Translation
Fiction
The Interpreter: A Novel, by Suki Kim, Picador; Reprint edition, January 1, 2004, 464 pages - ;
The Interpreter by Alice Kaplan, Fiction, Free Press, August 30, 2005, 256 pages –
The Interpreter by Suzanne Glass, Fiction, Ballantine Reader's Circle, Ballantine, Reprint edition, June 17, 2003, 336 pages, ;
External links
United Nations Office at Geneva Interpretation Service, Conference Services Division, retrieved on 8 June 2007
"Interpreters: Inside the Glass Booth" by Elsa B. Endrst, The UN Chronicle, United Nations Publications (1991), Gale Group (2004), date retrieved: 28 May 2007
Interpretation service
Interpretation service
Language interpretation |
Zdzisław Bromek (born 18 November 1945) is a retired Polish rower who specialized in the single sculls. In this event he won eight national titles (1968–1974 and 1976) and finished in seventh place at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
References
1945 births
Living people
Olympic rowers for Poland
Rowers at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Polish male rowers
Sportspeople from Kraków |
The 2011 Newcastle Knights season was the 24th in the club's history. Coached by Rick Stone and captained by Kurt Gidley, they competed in the NRL's 2011 Telstra Premiership. The Knights finished the regular season in 8th place (out of 16), thus reaching the finals but were knocked out after losing to the Melbourne Storm in week 1.
Milestones
Round 1: Neville Costigan made his debut for the club, after previously playing for the St. George Illawarra Dragons.
Round 1: Beau Henry made his NRL debut for the club and scored his 1st career try.
Round 6: Tyrone Roberts made his NRL debut for the club.
Round 6: Steve Southern made his debut for the club, after previously playing for the North Queensland Cowboys.
Round 10: Marvin Filipo made his NRL debut for the club.
Round 11: Peter Mata'utia made his NRL debut for the club and scored his 1st career try.
Round 13: Neville Costigan scored his 1st try for the club.
Round 13: Antonio Kaufusi scored his 1st try for the club.
Round 15: Ryan Stig made his NRL debut for the club.
Round 16: Wes Naiqama captained his 1st game for the club.
Round 17: Ryan Stig scored his 1st career try.
Round 19: Ryan Stig kicked his 1st career goal.
Round 20: Zane Tetevano made his NRL debut for the club.
Round 25: Siuatonga Likiliki made his debut for the club, after previously playing for the New Zealand Warriors.
Round 25: Zane Tetevano scored his 1st career try.
Round 26: Adam MacDougall kicked his 1st career goal.
Round 26: Akuila Uate scored 4 tries, equalling Darren Albert, Adam MacDougall, Andrew Johns and Cooper Vuna's record of most tries scored in a match by 1 player for the Knights.
Squad
Transfers and Re-signings
Gains
Losses
Promoted juniors
Re-signings
Player contract situations
Ladder
Jerseys and sponsors
In 2011, the Knights' jerseys were made by XBlades and their major sponsor was Coal & Allied.
Fixtures
Pre-season trials
Regular season
2011 Regular season fixtures
Statistics
33 players used.
Source:
Representative honours
The following players appeared in a representative match in 2011.
Australia
Akuila Uate
Cook Islands
Keith Lulia
Zeb Taia
Zane Tetevano
Indigenous All Stars
Cory Paterson
Italy
Cameron Ciraldo
Junior Kangaroos
Tyrone Roberts (18th man)
New South Wales
Kurt Gidley (captain)
Akuila Uate
New South Wales Country
Chris Houston
Jarrod Mullen
Akuila Uate
New South Wales Residents
Constantine Mika
Rip Taylor (assistant coach)
New South Wales under-18s
Pat Mata'utia
Ben Roose
Tom Rouse
Michael Steele
NRL All Stars
Kurt Gidley
Akuila Uate
Queensland under-18s
Kurt Mann
Tonga
Richard Fa'aoso
Individual honours
Dally M awards
Dally M Winger of the Year
Akuila Uate
Newcastle Knights awards
Player of the Year
National Youth Competition (NYC) Player of the Year: Sam Anderson
Players' Player
National Youth Competition (NYC) Players' Player: Sam Anderson
References
Newcastle Knights seasons
Newcastle Knights season |
"That's the Way It Goes" is a song written by Kerry Chater, Lynn Gillespie Chater, and Cyril Rawson and performed by Anne Murray. The song reached #19 on the Canadian Adult Contemporary chart in 1997. The song appeared on her 1996 album, Anne Murray.
Charts
References
1996 songs
1997 singles
Anne Murray songs
Songs written by Kerry Chater |
Timothy P. Egan (born November 8, 1954) is an American author, journalist and former op-ed columnist for The New York Times.
Egan has written nine books. His first, The Good Rain, won the Pacific Northwest Booksellers Association Award in 1991. For The Worst Hard Time, a 2006 book about people who lived through the Great Depression's Dust Bowl, he won the National Book Award for Nonfiction and the Washington State Book Award in History/Biography. His book on the photographer Edward Curtis, "Short Nights of the Shadow Catcher," won the 2013 Carnegie Medal for Excellence for nonfiction. The Big Burn: Teddy Roosevelt and the Fire that Saved America (2009) is about the Great Fire of 1910, which burned about three million acres (12,000 km2) and helped shape the United States Forest Service. The book describes some of the political issues facing Theodore Roosevelt. For this work he won a second Washington State Book Award in History/Biography and a second Pacific Northwest Booksellers Association Award.
In 2001, The New York Times won a Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting for a series to which Egan contributed, "How Race is Lived in America".
Egan lives in Seattle, a third-generation Westerner.
Awards and honors
2013 Chautauqua Prize, winner, Short Nights of the Shadow Catcher
2013 Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Nonfiction, winner, Short Nights of the Shadow Catcher
Works
The Immortal Irishman: The Irish Revolutionary Who Became an American Hero. 2016.
References
External links
Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting winners
National Book Award winners
Living people
University of Washington alumni
Writers from Seattle
The New York Times Pulitzer Prize winners
1954 births |
Pax Ali Mangudadatu (born ) is a Filipino politician who is the governor of Sultan Kudarat.
Background
Pax Ali Mangudadatu is a son of Suharto "Teng" Mangudadatu and Mariam Sangki. He came from the Mangudadatu clan, a political family with both his parents involved in politics. His grandfather is Pax Mangudadatu who was likewise a politician.
Controversies
Pax Ali Mangudadatu ran for the position of governor of Sultan Kudarat in the 2022 elections as a candidate under Lakas–CMD despite being the mayor of a municipality in a different province. The Commission on Election cancelled Pax Ali's candidacy on January 18, 2022. However, Pax Ali on May 6, 2022 was able to secure a temporary restraining order for the cancellation of his candidacy allowing him to stand for election.
References
Living people
Governors of Sultan Kudarat
People from Sultan Kudarat
1997 births |
E. A. Belyaev (Evgenie Aleksandrovich Belyaev) (1895–1964) was an Islamic scholar and a prominent Soviet Islamist and member of the Institute of Asian Peoples of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
Works
Arabs, Islam and the Arab Caliphate in the Early Middle Ages
See also
List of Islamic scholars
References
1895 births
1964 deaths
Islam in Russia |
Inwood is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
George Inwood (1906–1940), Home Guard Section Commander posthumously awarded the George Cross
Glenn Inwood (born 1968), New Zealand public relations specialist
Henry William Inwood (1794–1843), English architect and classical scholar, the son of architect William Inwood
Roy Inwood (1890–1971), Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross
Richard Inwood (1946–2019), Bishop of Bedford
Steve Inwood (born 1947), American actor
William Inwood (c. 1771 – 1843), English architect |
Asen Nikolov (; 12 September 1891 - 1946) was a Bulgarian Lieutenant-General who fought in World War II.
Biography
He was born on 12 September 1891 in the town of Yambol. He graduated from the Military School in Sofia in 1912. From 1923 he served in the Varna coastal fortress. In 1934 he became head of the Artillery School in Sofia. From 1936 he was chief of the Artillery Department of the Second Military Inspection District and chief of the Air Defense of the Artillery Inspection.
In 1938 he was appointed commander of the 2nd Thracian Infantry Division.
From 1941 he was commander of the Bulgarian 1st Occupation Corps which collaborated with the German Army in the Axis occupation of Serbia. When Bulgaria switched sides in the second World War, he was taken prisoner by the Germans on 4 September 1944. In October 1944, he refused to join the creation of a Bulgarian military unit to fight on the German side. In December he also refused to enter in the Anti-Communist government in exile of Alexander Tsankov. In the period December 1944 - May 1945 he was a prisoner of war in the Oflag-8 camp in Germany.
On 15 March 1945 he was sentenced in absentia to death by the Fourth Supreme Chamber of the People's Court of Bulgaria, but the Supreme Court of Cassation overturned the sentence because it had been proven he was a prisoner of war. After his return to Bulgaria, he was arrested and executed anyhow in 1946.
Sources
generals.dk
the article in the Bulgarian Wikipedia, Асен Николов (генерал-лейтенант).''
boinaslava
1891 births
1946 deaths
Bulgarian military personnel of World War II
Bulgarian generals
People's Court (Bulgaria)
Executed Bulgarian collaborators with Nazi Germany |
The Neville Brothers were an American R&B/soul/funk group, formed in 1976 in New Orleans, Louisiana.
History
The group notion started in 1976, when the four brothers of the Neville family, Art (1937–2019), Charles (1938–2018), Aaron (b. 1941), and Cyril (b. 1948) came together to take part in the recording session of the Wild Tchoupitoulas, a Mardi Gras Indian group led by the Nevilles' uncle, George Landry ("Big Chief Jolly").
Their debut album The Neville Brothers was released in 1978 on Capitol Records.
In 1987, the group released Uptown on the EMI label, featuring guests including Branford Marsalis, Keith Richards, and Carlos Santana. The following year saw the release of Yellow Moon from A&M Records produced by Daniel Lanois. The track "Healing Chant" from that album won the Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance at the 1990 Grammy ceremony.
In 1990, the Neville Brothers contributed "In the Still of the Night" to the AIDS benefit album Red Hot + Blue produced by the Red Hot Organization.
Also in 1990, they appeared on the bill at that year's Glastonbury Festival. Due to Art Neville devoting more time to his other act, The Meters, the band kept a low profile in the late 1990s onto the early 2000s. They made a comeback in 2004, however, with the album, Walkin' in the Shadow of Life, on Back Porch Records, their first newly recorded effort in five years.
All brothers except Charles, a Massachusetts resident, had been living in New Orleans, but following Hurricane Katrina in 2005 Cyril and Aaron moved out of the city. Aaron moved to Austin briefly at the invitation on his friend, the late blues club impresario, Clifford Antone. They had not been performing in New Orleans since Katrina hit the city; however, they finally returned to perform there at the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival in 2008, being given the closing spot which had been reserved for them for years.
Infrequently, Aaron's son Ivan Neville (keyboards) and Art's son Ian Neville (electric guitar), both of the band Dumpstaphunk, have played with the Neville Brothers.
The Neville Brothers appear in performance footage in the 2005 documentary film Make It Funky!, which presents a history of New Orleans music and its influence on rhythm and blues, rock and roll, funk and jazz. In the film, they perform "Fire on the Bayou" with guests Ivan and Ian Neville.
The group formally disbanded in 2012 but reunited in 2015 for a farewell concert in New Orleans. Charles Neville died of pancreatic cancer on April 26, 2018, at the age of 79. Art Neville died on July 22, 2019, at the age of 81. A cause of death was not provided.
Discography
Studio albums
1978: The Neville Brothers (Capitol)
1981: Fiyo on the Bayou (A&M)
1987: Uptown (EMI)
1989: Yellow Moon (A&M)
1990: Brother's Keeper (A&M)
1992: Family Groove (A&M)
1996: Mitakuye Oyasin Oyasin/All My Relations (A&M)
1999: Valence Street (Columbia)
2004: Walkin' in the Shadow of Life (Back Porch/EMI)
Live albums
1984: Neville-ization (Black Top)
1987: Nevillization 2 (Live at Tipitina's Volume 2) (Spindletop)
1994: Live on Planet Earth (A&M)
1998: Live at Tipitina's (1982) (Rhino)
2010: Authorized Bootleg: Warfield Theatre, San Francisco, CA, February 27, 1989 (A&M)
Compilation albums
1986: Treacherous: A History of The Neville Brothers (1955–1985) (Rhino)
1991: Treacherous Too!: A History of the Neville Brothers, Vol. 2 (1955-1987) (Rhino)
1997: The Very Best of the Neville Brothers (Rhino)
1999: Uptown Rulin' – The Best of the Neville Brothers (A&M)
2004: 20th Century Masters – The Millenium Collection: The Best of The Neville Brothers (A&M)
2005: Gold (Hip-O/UMe)
Singles
Related albums
1976: The Wild Tchoupitoulas (with four of The Neville Brothers)
1997: Wyclef Jean Presents The Carnival by Wyclef Jean (guest appearance on "Mona Lisa")
References
External links
Official Neville Brothers Biography / Website
Official Aaron Neville Website
Musical groups established in 1977
Musical groups disestablished in 2012
1977 establishments in Louisiana
2012 disestablishments in Louisiana
African-American families
American funk musical groups
American soul musical groups
Family musical groups
Musical groups from New Orleans
Grammy Award winners
Black Top Records artists
A&M Records artists
Neville family (show business)
Capitol Records artists
EMI Records artists
Columbia Records artists |
Kosmos 426 ( meaning Cosmos 426), also known as DS-U2-K No.1, was a Soviet satellite which was launched in 1971 as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik programme. It was a spacecraft, which was built by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, and was used to study charged particles and radiation in the Earth's magnetosphere.
Launch
A Kosmos-3M carrier rocket, with serial number 65014-101, was used to launch Kosmos 426 into low Earth orbit. The launch took place from Site 132/2 at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome. The launch occurred at 18:10:00 UTC on 4 June 1971, and resulted in the successful insertion of the satellite into orbit.
Orbit
Upon reaching orbit, the satellite was assigned its Kosmos designation, and received the International Designator 1971-052A. The North American Aerospace Defense Command assigned it the catalogue number 05281.
Kosmos 426 was the only DS-U2-K satellite to be launched. It was operated in an orbit with a perigee of , an apogee of , 74 degrees of inclination, and an orbital period of 109.2 minutes. It was operated until 12 January 1972, and subsequently remained in orbit until it decayed and reentered the atmosphere on 11 May 2002.
See also
1971 in spaceflight
References
1971 in spaceflight
Kosmos satellites
Spacecraft launched in 1971
Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik program |
Noor Azian Alias is a road cyclist from Malaysia. She represented her nation at the 2010 UCI Road World Championships.
References
External links
profile at Procyclingstats.com
Malaysian female cyclists
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Cyclists at the 2006 Asian Games
Cyclists at the 2010 Asian Games
Year of birth missing (living people)
SEA Games medalists in cycling
SEA Games gold medalists for Malaysia
Competitors at the 2005 SEA Games
Asian Games competitors for Malaysia |
Sollu Thambi Sollu () is a 1959 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film produced and directed by T. V. Sundaram. It is an adaptation of the William Shakespeare play As You Like It. The film stars Prem Nazir and Rajasulochana. It was released on 27 March 1959, and did not succeed commercially.
Plot
Chinnathambi, the only son of a wealthy estate owner Sundaram Pillai, falls in love with Kalyani, the daughter of a poor clerk, but their romance faces obstacles.
Cast
Prem Nazir as Chinnathambi
Rajasulochana as Kalyani
S. S. Rajendran
M. N. Nambiar
T. S. Muthaiah
K. Sarangapani
Friend Ramasamy
G. Sakunthala
T. A. Mathuram
S. D. Subbulakshmi
K. S. Angamuthu
Production
Sollu Thambi Sollu is an adaptation of the William Shakespeare play As You Like It, and was in development as early as July 1958. It was directed by T. V. Sundaram, who also produced the film under his own company T. V. S. Productions. The dialogues were written by Vindhan. The final length of the film was .
Soundtrack
The soundtrack was composed by K. V. Mahadevan, and the lyrics were written by A. Maruthakasi and T. V. Kalyani.
Release
Sollu Thambi Sollu was released on 27 March 1959, and did not succeed commercially.
References
Bibliography
External links
1950s Tamil-language films
1959 films
1959 romantic comedy films
Films based on As You Like It
Films scored by K. V. Mahadevan
Indian films based on plays
Indian romantic comedy films |
Volvarina barbierorum is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.
Description
Distribution
This marine species occurs off the Philippines.
References
Cossignani T. & Lorenz F. (2020). Quattro nuove marginelle dalle Filippine. Malacologia Mostra Mondiale. 107: 10–15.
External links
barbierorum
Gastropods described in 2020 |
Nicholas 'Nick' Richard Gaywood (born 30 April 1963) is a former English cricketer. Gaywood was a left-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born in Newton Abbot, Devon.
Minor Counties cricket
Gaywood made his debut for Devon in 1981 against the Oxfordshire in the Minor Counties Championship. From 1981 to 1999, he represented Devon in 123 Championship matches, the last of which came against Cornwall. In 1986, he made his debut in the MCCA Knockout Trophy for the county against Durham. From 1986 to 1998, he represented the county in 26 further Trophy matchesm the last of which came against Shropshire.
List A cricket
Gaywood's List A debut for Devon came against Warwickshire in the 1st round of the 1985 NatWest Trophy. From 1985 to 1998, he played in 8 List A matches for Devon, the last of which came against Yorkshire in the 1st round of the 1998 NatWest Trophy. In his 8 List A matches for Devon, he scored 169 runs at a batting average of 20.25, with a single half century high score of 69. In 1993, he was selected to represent a combined Minor Counties team in the 1993 Benson & Hedges Cup. He played a single match in the competition for team, against Durham. He played 2 further List A matches for the team, twice in 1997 and once in 1998.
References
External links
Nick Gaywood at ESPNcricinfo
Nick Gaywood at CricketArchive
1963 births
Living people
People from Newton Abbot
Cricketers from Devon
English cricketers
Devon cricketers
Minor Counties cricketers |
The Nike HyperAdapt 1.0 is the first self-lacing shoe made directly available for retail. The design of the footwear was executed by Tinker Hatfield accompanied by Mark Parker, who was heavily involved in the development. Utilizing an electro adaptive lacing system abbreviated as "E.A.R.L.", the sneaker technically autonomously conforms to the figuration of one's foot. On December 1, 2016, they were officially released in limited quantity for $720. However, due to the shoes being released in limited quantity at the time, they are now valued upwards of $200,000. The Hyperadapt has been released several times since the initial release date in extremely small quantities.
References
Footwear |
Daniel Ricardo Díaz (born 7 July 1989) is an Argentine road bicycle racer, who currently rides for UCI Continental team .
Career
San Luis Somos Todos (2012–2014)
In 2012, he came in second place of the general classification of the Tour de San Luis. He was originally third, but Alberto Contador's results were later voided, which also awarded him the fifth stage of that race since he had finished second behind Contador.
In January 2013, Díaz won the overall classification of the Tour de San Luis, besting second-placed Tejay van Garderen () by 33 seconds. He earned the leader's jersey after the mountainous stage 5, where he finished second behind his teammate Emmanuel Guevara. He managed to hold on to his lead until the end of the seven-stage race, scoring another second place on the sixth stage finishing atop the Mirador del Sol, 2 seconds behind Alberto Contador (), who placed a strong attack in the closing kilometer.
Major results
2009
Vuelta al Ecuador
1st Stages 6 & 7
10th Prova Ciclística 9 de Julho
2010
3rd Overall Vuelta a Navarra
1st Stages 2 & 3
2011
4th Paris–Troyes
4th Paris–Mantes-en-Yvelines
2012
2nd Overall Tour de San Luis
1st Stage 5
9th Overall Vuelta a Bolivia
1st Stage 9a
2013
1st Overall Tour de San Luis
9th Overall Vuelta a Bolivia
1st Stage 3 (TTT)
2014
National Road Championships
1st Road race
2nd Time trial
2015
1st Overall Tour de San Luis
1st Stages 2 & 4
2016
10th Road race, Pan American Road Championships
References
External links
Daniel Diaz profile on Cycling Base
Argentine male cyclists
1989 births
Living people
Cyclists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic cyclists for Argentina
Sportspeople from Salta |
August: Osage County is a 2013 American tragicomedy film directed by John Wells. It was written by Tracy Letts and based on his Pulitzer Prize-winning 2007 play of the same name. It is produced by George Clooney, Grant Heslov, Jean Doumanian, and Steve Traxler.
The film stars an ensemble cast consisting of Meryl Streep, Julia Roberts, Ewan McGregor, Chris Cooper, Abigail Breslin, Benedict Cumberbatch, Juliette Lewis, Margo Martindale, Dermot Mulroney, Julianne Nicholson, and Misty Upham as a dysfunctional family that reunites into the familial house when their patriarch (Sam Shepard) suddenly disappears.
August: Osage County premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 9, 2013 and was released in North America on December 27, 2013. A modest commercial success, the film received mixed reviews from critics. While much praise was given to the cast, the screenplay was praised by some and seen by others as too dark and lacking in humor. For their performances in the film, Streep and Roberts received Oscar nominations for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress, respectively.
Plot
The title designates time and location: an unusually hot August in a rural area outside Pawhuska, Oklahoma. Beverly Weston, an alcoholic, once-noted poet, interviews and hires a young Cheyenne woman, Johnna, as a live-in cook and caregiver for his strong-willed and contentious wife Violet, who has oral cancer and an addiction to narcotics. Shortly after this, he disappears from the house, and Violet calls her sister and daughters for support. Her sister Mattie Fae arrives with her husband Charles Aiken. Violet's middle daughter Ivy is single and the only one living locally; Barbara, her oldest, who has inherited her mother's mean streak, arrives from Colorado with her husband Bill and 14-year-old daughter Jean. Barbara and Bill are separated, but they put up a united front for Violet.
After five days, the sheriff arrives with the news that Beverly took his boat out on the lake and has drowned. Youngest daughter Karen arrives with the latest in a string of boyfriends, Steve Huberbrecht, a sleazy Florida businessman whom she introduces as her fiancé. Mattie Fae and Charles's shy, awkward son "Little Charles" misses the funeral because he overslept and is met at the bus station by his father. Charles loves his son, whereas Mattie Fae constantly belittles him. Ivy confides to her sisters that she is in love with her cousin, Little Charles, who plans to move to New York, and she cannot have children because she had a hysterectomy. She feels this is her only chance to finally marry.
The family sits down to dinner after the funeral; fueled by drugs, Violet insults and embarrasses each person at the table under the guise of "truth-telling", which results in Barbara pouncing on her in a fit of anger. Barbara has had enough of her mother's drug addiction, attacks her, knocks her to the ground, and confiscates all her several kinds of pills. Later, after Violet has had a chance to sober up, she has a tender moment with her daughters and shares a story that demonstrates how cruel her own mother was when she longed for a new pair of cowgirl boots when she was in her early teens. Instead of giving Violet the boots she wanted, her mother gave her a beautifully wrapped box on Christmas morning containing old, filthy men's work boots as a vicious prank.
The next day, when Little Charles sings Ivy a song he has written for her, Mattie Fae walks in and berates him. This exhausts Charles's patience with his wife's lack of love and compassion for her own son, and he threatens to leave her if she keeps it up. Mattie Fae subsequently reveals to Barbara, who unintentionally listened in, that long ago she had an affair with Beverly, and Little Charles is in fact their younger half-brother as well as their cousin and that is the true reason why he and Ivy cannot be together.
That evening, Steve and Jean are sharing a joint. Steve comes on to Jean, gets her stoned, asks her to show him her breasts, and starts to assault her. Johnna is woken by their conversation, sees this, and attacks him with a shovel. The commotion wakes up Barbara, Bill, and Karen who rush outside. Barbara confronts Jean and slaps her. This compels Bill to take Jean back to Colorado, leaving Barbara. Karen refuses to admit that her relationship is doomed and also leaves with Steve.
Later, Ivy tries to tell her mother about her relationship with Little Charles. Barbara tries to deflect the admission to protect Ivy from the truth. Violet tells Ivy that Charles is actually her brother, something Violet knew all along. Devastated, Ivy leaves and promises to never come back. In the last confrontation between Violet and Barbara, Violet admits she was contacted by Beverly from his motel the week after he had left home but did nothing to help him until after she removed money from the couple's joint safe deposit box. By that time, he had already killed himself. This revelation leads Barbara to depart, realizing that her mother is far beyond help. Violet is left with only Johnna. Violet begins dancing to loud music but quickly becomes too upset and goes off to find Johnna for comfort.
Barbara, driving through the plains, gets out of the car and cries. She then gets back in the car and continues west, following signage showing highways and number of miles to Wichita, Salina, and Denver.
Cast
Meryl Streep as Violet Weston, the family matriarch who has cancer; Beverly's wife; Mattie Fae's sister; Barbara, Ivy, and Karen's mother; and Jean's grandmother
Julia Roberts as Barbara Weston-Fordham, Violet and Beverly's oldest daughter, Mattie Fae and Charles' niece, Ivy and Karen's sister and Jean's mother
Ewan McGregor as Bill Fordham, Barbara's estranged husband and Jean's father
Abigail Breslin as Jean Fordham, Barbara and Bill's teen daughter, Ivy and Karen's niece
Julianne Nicholson as Ivy Weston, Violet and Beverly's second daughter, Mattie Fae and Charles' niece, Barbara and Karen's sister and Jean's aunt
Juliette Lewis as Karen Weston, Violet and Beverly's youngest daughter, Mattie Fae and Charles' niece, Barbara and Ivy's sister and Jean's aunt
Dermot Mulroney as Steve Huberbrecht, Karen's fiancé
Margo Martindale as Mattie Fae Aiken, Violet's younger sister and Barbara, Karen and Ivy's aunt, Charles Sr.'s wife and Charles Jr.'s mother
Chris Cooper as Charles Aiken Sr., Mattie Fae's husband, Barbara, Karen and Ivy's uncle and Charles Jr.'s father
Benedict Cumberbatch as Charles "Little Charles" Aiken Jr., Charles and Mattie Fae's son
Sam Shepard as Beverly Weston, the family patriarch, Barbara, Ivy and Karen's father, Violet's husband and Jean's grandfather
Misty Upham as Johnna Monevata, a young Native American hired by Beverly to help Violet in their daily life
Production
John Wells directed, while George Clooney, Grant Heslov, Jean Doumanian, and Steve Traxler produced the film. Renée Zellweger and Andrea Riseborough were considered to play Karen. Riseborough was cast but withdrew due to scheduling conflicts. Juliette Lewis replaced her. Chloë Grace Moretz also auditioned for the role of Jean.
Principal photography took place between October 16 and December 8, 2012, in Bartlesville and Pawhuska, Oklahoma, and Los Angeles.
Release
August: Osage County premiered at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival on September 9, 2013, before its release in select cities on December 27, 2013, followed by a wide release on January 10, 2014, in the United States. It was also released on January 1, 2014, in Australia. In its limited box-office debut, the film grossed $179,475 from five theaters, a $35,895 per-screen average.
Critical response
Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.
Accolades
Soundtrack
Gustavo Santaolalla composed the original music for August: Osage County. The soundtrack was released on January 7, 2014, through Sony Classical.
An album of Santaolalla's score was released digitally on January 3, 2014.
References
External links
2013 films
2013 comedy-drama films
American black comedy films
2010s English-language films
Films about dysfunctional families
Incest in film
American films based on plays
Films set in country houses
Films set in Oklahoma
Films shot in Oklahoma
American independent films
Films directed by John Wells
Smokehouse Pictures films
The Weinstein Company films
Films produced by Jean Doumanian
Films produced by Grant Heslov
Films produced by George Clooney
Films scored by Gustavo Santaolalla
2013 independent films
Films about mother–daughter relationships
2010s American films
Tragicomedy films
Films about funerals |
Hurricane Paloma was a strong late-season Atlantic hurricane that set several records for its intensity and formation. It was the sixteenth tropical storm, eighth hurricane and fifth major hurricane of the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season. Paloma was, at the time, the third most powerful November hurricane on record (but has since dropped to fifth) in the Atlantic Basin, behind only the 1932 Cuba hurricane, 2020 Hurricanes Iota and Eta, and a tie of 1999's Lenny, and 2001's Michelle. It also marked the first time that at least one major hurricane formed in every month of the hurricane season from July to November, with only June not having a major hurricane in the season.
Paloma developed out of a strong tropical disturbance off the eastern coast of Nicaragua and northern coast of Honduras on November 5. The disturbance had slowly developed into a tropical depression while hugging the coastline. The depression strengthened into a tropical storm early on November 6, then a hurricane later that day. The next day, Paloma intensified into a Category 2 hurricane, then soon afterward into a Category 3 major hurricane. Early on November 8, Paloma continued to intensify and reached Category 4 intensity, and then weakened rapidly into a Category 2 hurricane before making landfall in Santa Cruz del Sur, Cuba. Paloma weakened into a tropical storm on November 9 while moving over Cuba, where it stalled. It dissipated later that evening. Hurricane Paloma caused heavy damage in both the Cayman Islands and Cuba. Overall, the total damage from Paloma stands at $454.5 million, with one fatality.
Meteorological history
In early November 2008, an area of disturbed weather persisted over the southwestern Caribbean Sea. By November 2, a surface trough manifested itself, spurring the development of scattered convection — shower and thunderstorm activity — across the region. A tropical wave approaching from the east interacted with this trough two days later and enhanced convective organization. Steadily consolidating, the system developed into a tropical depression by 18:00 UTC on November 5 while located 130 mi (215 km) southeast of the Nicaragua/Honduras border. Situated along the southwestern edge of a ridge, the depressed initially generally to the north-northwest before turning north-northeast within 12 hours of formation. Favorable environmental conditions, including low wind shear, allowed for steady intensification following cyclogenesis. The HWRF and GFDL forecast models depicted rapid development of the tropical depression into a Category 3 major hurricane within five days, before striking Cuba, the former of which indicated a peak intensity of and 921 mbar (hPa; 27.20 inHg). The system acquired gale-force winds early on November 6, at which time it was assigned the name Paloma. Aided by good upper-level outflow, deep convection blossomed over the storm's circulation. Further development of banding features and eye resulted in Paloma rapidly intensifying into a Category 1 hurricane by 00:00 UTC on November 7.
The initial phase of rapid intensification temporarily abated on November 7, though slow strengthening continued. Once its eye became defined on visible satellite imagery that evening, rapid strengthening ensued once more. A localized area of high ocean heat content bolstered this phase. Aided by increasing divergence from an approaching upper-level trough, Paloma's outflow greatly enhanced overnight. The aforementioned trough imparted a slightly more northeasterly track on the hurricane. Around 09:00 UTC on November 8, the hurricane skirted Little Cayman as a Category 3 hurricane. Rapid intensification continued through the first half of the day with Paloma reaching Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS) around 10:30 UTC, the first such November system since Hurricane Michelle in 2001. Around this time the storm's center passed over Cayman Brac and Little Cayman shortly thereafter. An unofficial anemometer on Cayman Brac at an elevation of measured sustained winds of . Based on data from reconnaissance aircraft, which found flight-level winds , Paloma peaked with maximum one-minute sustained winds of 145 mph (230 km/h) at 12:00–18:00 UTC, along with a minimum barometric pressure of 944 mbar (hPa; 27.88 inHg). This ranked the system as the third-strongest November hurricane on record, only behind the 1932 Santa Cruz del Sur hurricane and Hurricane Lenny in 1999. Additionally, this marked the first time that major hurricanes developed in five separate months during a single year, with Bertha, Gustav, Ike, and Omar reaching this strength in July, August, September, and October respectively. At its peak, Paloma displayed a well-defined eye surrounded by intense convection estimated at .
Late on November 8, environmental conditions abruptly became hostile as the hurricane approached Cuba. Interaction with land hastened Paloma's weakening with convection diminishing significantly. The northern eyewall moved ashore around 23:00 UTC while the center itself made landfall at 01:00 UTC on November 9 near Santa Cruz del Sur. Upon moving ashore, Paloma was estimated to have had winds of 100 mph (155 km/h), making it a Category 2 hurricane. Within hours of moving ashore, the center of circulation decoupled from the remaining convection and its forward speed slowed significantly. The system subsequently degraded to a tropical depression by 18:00 UTC, just 24 hours after being a Category 4 hurricane. With no convection redeveloping as the system drifted northward over Cuba, Paloma degenerated into a remnant low six hours later. The low then briefly moved over the Atlantic Ocean before doubling back to the southwest in response to a building ridge farther north. The system crossed Cuba again and re-emerged over the Caribbean Sea by November 12, changing direction this time to the west and later northwest. After crossing western Cuba early on November 13, the remnants of Paloma entered the Gulf of Mexico. Accelerating northward the low became decreasingly organized and ultimately dissipated early the next day about 70 mi (110 km) south-southwest of Apalachicola, Florida. Later on November 14, the system moved inland over the Florida Panhandle where a sudden burst of convective development, akin to that of supercell thunderstorms over the Great Plains, took place. Thereafter, energy from Paloma may have contributed to a storm that generated a deadly tornado outbreak in The Carolinas on November 15.
Preparations
Cayman Islands
At 15:00 UTC on November 6, the Government of the Cayman Islands issued a hurricane watch for all of the territory's islands. This was superseded six hours later by a hurricane warning. The warning was eventually discontinued early on November 9 once Paloma cleared the islands. On November 7, the Red Cross opened a shelter for possible evacuees while stocks of emergency supplies were checked. Schools, businesses, and government offices closed for November 8. Shelters opened on Grand Cayman closed their doors by mid-afternoon in advance of Paloma's arrival to "ensure that persons get off the roads." At least 40 people sought refuge in these shelters prior to the storm's arrival. The Seaman's Center, a government office building, was utilized as an unofficial shelter during the storm and housed at least 100 people. The Cayman Islands Government requested all hotels to move guests on ground and first floors to higher rooms. As a precautionary measure, water service was turned off during the evening on November 8. The British ship RFA Wave Ruler was sent to Little Cayman and Cayman Brac for humanitarian assistance, on the order of Governor Stuart Jack.
Cuba
Anticipating hurricane conditions to impact portions of eastern Cuba, the nation's government issued a hurricane watch for the provinces of Camagüey, Ciego de Ávila, Granma, Las Tunas, and Sancti Spíritus at 12:00 UTC on November 7. Six hours later, this was upgraded to a hurricane warning except and by the November 8, warnings covered the entirety of eastern Cuba. These advisories were discontinued following Paloma's rapid dissipation over land on November 9.
Fearing a "potentially catastrophic" storm with a storm surge of , officials in Cuba scrambled to evacuate nearly half a million people in southern areas of the country. Coincidentally, Paloma threatened the same area where a devastating hurricane in 1932 killed more than 3,000 people almost exactly 76 years prior. Plans were put in place to evacuate 345,000 in Holguín, 324,000 in Granma, 250,000 people in Las Tunas, and 200,000 in Camagüey. An estimated 3,000 tourists in Ciego de Avila were brought to shelters. Ultimately, an approximate 1.2 million people, 10.7% of Cuba's entire population, were relocated in advance of the storm's arrival. Of these people, 220,000 sought refuge in 1,448 shelters while the rest stayed with relatives. A total of 927 food processing centers and 72 soup kitchens opened to feed evacuees. Roughly 237,000 animals were moved to safer areas. Holguín Province was devastated by Hurricane Ike in September with many residents still homeless at the time of Paloma's approach. All domestic flights except those around the Isle of Youth. Former President Fidel Castro urged people to remain positive in the face of yet another hurricane that year. He also issued a written statement to the United States rejecting any aid, citing anger toward the ongoing embargo of Cuba, before a formal offer was even made. The non-profit organization Operation USA provided emergency aid to Cuba.
Elsewhere
Following the classification of Tropical Depression Seventeen late on November 5, a tropical storm watch was issued for coastal areas between Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua and Limon, Honduras. This later expired on November 6 as Paloma moved away from the region. Owing to the threat of heavy rains in Honduras, a red alert was issued for Colón, Gracias a Dios, northern Olancho, and the Bay Islands.
Although Paloma was not forecast to directly impact Jamaica, officials opened 15 priority shelters in St. James and all agencies were placed under high-alert on November 8. A flash flood warning was in place from November 6–9 for the entire island.
Early on November 8, a tropical storm watch and later tropical storm warning was issued for the Central Bahamas, including Cat Island, Exuma, Long Island, Rum Cay, San Salvador, Crooked Island, Acklins, and Ragged Island. Accordingly, the National Emergency Operations Centre was partially activated. The warning was allowed to expire the following day as Paloma rapidly weakened over Cuba, and the National Emergency Operations Centre issued an all clear on November 10.
Impact
Honduras and Nicaragua
Throughout much of October Central America, was plagued by a series of heavy rain events which resulted in widespread damage and loss of life. The outer bands of then Tropical Storm Paloma exacerbated the situation in parts of Honduras and Nicaragua. Estimates from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellites indicated that Paloma dropped upwards of of rain along coastal areas. The overall impacts of flooding since October in Honduras left at least 60 people dead and more than 300,000 in need of assistance.
Cayman Islands
Passing directly over the small islands Cayman Brac and Little Cayman, with a collective population of 2,695, Hurricane Paloma wrought tremendous damage. Grand Cayman escaped almost entirely unscathed. Throughout the Cayman Islands, Paloma was responsible for $154.4 million in losses of which $124.5 million was incurred from damage. This equates to roughly 7.4 percent of the territory's gross domestic product (GDP). While the overall impact to the islands was offset by a lack of damage on Grand Cayman, the localized losses on Cayman Brac and Little Cayman were tremendous. Discounting the economy of Grand Cayman, the equivalent GDP losses on the two smaller islands was likely similar to that of Hurricane Ivan in 2004, which left damage equal to 183 percent of the territory's GDP. The overall per capita impact there reached $57,925. Despite the severity of damage, no loss of life or injuries took place.
Destructive winds and torrential rains battered both Cayman Brac and Little Cayman, with an unofficial elevated observation station reporting maximum sustained winds of during the height of the storm. Grand Cayman saw lesser winds, with a peak sustained observation of at Owen Roberts International Airport. Precipitation on Cayman Brac amounted to and on Grand Cayman. A significant storm surge also impacted the islands, reaching on Cayman Brac and on Little Cayman.
Destructive winds were the primary cause of damage across Cayman Brac and Little Cayman, where nearly all homes were affected. Cayman Brac sustained the most severe impact, with 71 homes destroyed and 912 damaged. Although all home on Little Cayman were affected, none experienced major damage. Bodden Town was the only district on Grand Cayman reporting damage, with 11 homes affected. Major damage took place at Cayman Brac's seaport. The port's warehouse and office building were destroyed while anchors and moorings were shifted out of position. The island's fire station and Faith Hospital had major roof damage, with the latter resulting in significant water damage to equipment. The roof of the Seaman's Center, later determined to have been inadequately built, collapsed during the storm and nearly injured people sheltering within it. All schools on Cayman Brac suffered moderate to major damage while the primary school on Little Cayman experienced minor damage.
The electrical grid sustained major damage, with all residents on Cayman Brac and Little Cayman losing service. Roughly 400 power poles fell during the storm. Telecommunications experienced similar damage, with landline services disrupted for two to three weeks. Six of the ten affected Digicel sites went down. Effects on the water supply was negligible, with only a few pipes damaged by uprooted trees. Major crop damage took place on Grand Cayman, primarily to bananas, plantains, and peppers, due to high winds.
Jamaica
Flooding was reported in parts of Jamaica as a result of the outer bands of Paloma. One person drowned in Clarendon Parish while crossing a flooded river. Severe flooding also destroyed crops in 100 farms, causing over $100,000 in damages. In St. Catherine, several inches of rain caused flooding in Bog Walk Gorge which inundated several homes and stranded at least 15 people. Numerous vehicles were washed away in the floods.
Cuba
Hurricane Paloma was the final tropical cyclone to impact Cuba during the destructive 2008 season. Preceded by Fay, Gustav, Hanna, and Ike, Paloma compounded damage sustained by the nation. The 2008 season is regarded as the most destructive in Cuban history, primarily due to the effects of Gustav and Ike. Total damage from hurricanes that year amounted to $9.4 billion.
Cuban utility officials say Paloma's effect on the power grid was not as bad as the destruction caused by Gustav and Ike earlier in the season. Paloma did, however knock down power and telephone lines, as well as a major communications tower. The hurricane brought with it a 14-foot (4 meter) storm surge which moved the coastline inland by almost a mile (about 1.5 km) in Santa Cruz del Sur, doing extensive damage.
In Santa Cruz del Sur where Paloma came ashore, 435 homes were torn to shreds. The sea swept more than a mile inland. The wind and waves left wooden houses in splinters, topped with seaweed. Two of the two-story concrete walls of a factory crumbled into piles of rubble, smashing 57 wooden fishing boats stored inside for safekeeping. An estimated 328 hectares of crops were destroyed by the storm, most of which were in the process of recovery following Hurricane Ike. A total of 8,000 homes in Santa Cruz were damaged and another 670 in Camaguey and Las Tunas. About 7,000 farmers and 4,700 residences were isolated by floodwaters. Overall damages in Cuba totaled to $300 million.
Florida
After tracking through the Gulf of Mexico, the remnants of Paloma reached the Florida Panhandle on November 14. Shortly before crossing the coastline, convection suddenly and explosively developed, contributing to a swath of heavy rains. The highest amount was recorded in Bloxham at which contributed to flash flooding. Unofficial radar observations indicated rainfall totals up to . The torrential rains marked the highest rainfall for November 14 in the state of Florida. Flood waters south of Tallahassee reached in places, stranding vehicles. One person was trapped by floodwaters but was rescued without injury.
Aftermath
Owing to the hurricane's destructive effects in the Cayman Islands and Cuba, the World Meteorological Organization retired the name Paloma in the Spring of 2009 and replaced it with Paulette, which was first used in 2020. The name Paloma will never again be used for another Atlantic hurricane. With one reported fatality, Hurricane Paloma became the least deadly hurricane to have its name retired.
Cayman Islands
Local groups in the Cayman Islands set up funds following Hurricane Paloma. By March 3, 2009, one group raised $120,000 in relief funds and received another $20,000 in donations. Following the storm, the British Red Cross released £15,000 (US$23,500) in emergency funds. The Government of the Cayman Islands and the Adventist Disaster Response Agency distributed basic relief items such as tarpaulins, hygiene items and buckets to victims of the storm.
The overall impacts from Hurricane Paloma were reflected in the territory's GDP by a 0.9 percent decrease, worth $33 million, in the expected growth for 2008. Total revenue fell by $11.6 million while expenditures rose by $28.2 million. Strain on the economy prompted inflation to rise slightly above 5.2 percent for the year as well.
Between November 18 and December 13, 675 tons of debris was collected which covered an area of 21 acres by tall.
Cuba
Already severely impacted by Hurricanes Gustav and Ike, the European Commission, through its Humanitarian Aid department was already providing €2 million (US$2.7 million) in relief aid. By November 21, about 6,000 volunteers from the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies were in Cuba assisting in cleanup efforts and helping victims in shelters. The organization also allocated US$8.8 million in relief funds for 60,000 people affected by Paloma.
See also
Tropical cyclones in 2008
List of Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
List of retired Atlantic hurricanes
List of Cuba hurricanes
Hurricane Michelle (2001) – A Category 4 hurricane that took a near identical track, devastating Cuba
Hurricane Paula (2010) – A small Category 2 hurricane that impacted similar areas
Notes
References
External links
HPC rainfall page for 2008 Tropical Cyclones
National Hurricane Center Website
National Hurricane Center's Atlantic Tropical Weather Outlook
Video of damage in Cuba caused by Hurricane Paloma
Paloma
Paloma
Paloma
Paloma
Paloma
Paloma
Paloma |
Umberto Bonadè (2 January 1909 – 2 November 1992) was an Italian rower who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics. In 1928 he was part of the Italian boat, which won the bronze medal in the coxless four event. He was born in Piacenza.
References
External links
profile
1909 births
1992 deaths
Sportspeople from Piacenza
Italian male rowers
Olympic rowers for Italy
Rowers at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for Italy
Olympic medalists in rowing
Medalists at the 1928 Summer Olympics
European Rowing Championships medalists |
Iosif Szilaghi (or József Zilahi , born 10 October 1931 - 21.09.2022) was a Romanian fencer. He competed in the team foil event at the 1960 Summer Olympics and shared ninth place.
References
1931 births
2022 deaths
Romanian male fencers
Romanian foil fencers
Olympic fencers for Romania
Fencers at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Târgu Mureș |
```c++
#pragma once
/*
infolist.hpp
*/
/*
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. The name of the authors may not be used to endorse or promote products
derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include "panel.hpp"
#include "viewer.hpp"
#include "lang.hpp"
// class Viewer;
/*
$ 12.10.2001 SKV
Viewer
DizView .
*/
class DizViewer : public Viewer
{
public:
int InRecursion;
DizViewer()
:
InRecursion(0)
{}
virtual ~DizViewer() {}
virtual int ProcessKey(FarKey Key)
{
InRecursion++;
int res = Viewer::ProcessKey(Key);
InRecursion--;
return res;
}
virtual int ProcessMouse(MOUSE_EVENT_RECORD *MouseEvent)
{
InRecursion++;
int res = Viewer::ProcessMouse(MouseEvent);
InRecursion--;
return res;
}
};
class InfoList : public Panel
{
private:
DizViewer *DizView;
int PrevMacroMode;
int OldWrapMode;
int OldWrapType;
FARString strDizFileName;
private:
virtual void DisplayObject();
void ShowDirDescription(int YPos);
void ShowPluginDescription();
void PrintText(const wchar_t *Str);
void PrintText(FarLangMsg MsgID);
void PrintInfo(const wchar_t *Str);
void PrintInfo(FarLangMsg MsgID);
int OpenDizFile(const wchar_t *DizFile, int YPos);
void SetMacroMode(int Restore = FALSE);
void DynamicUpdateKeyBar();
public:
InfoList();
virtual ~InfoList();
public:
virtual int ProcessKey(FarKey Key);
virtual int ProcessMouse(MOUSE_EVENT_RECORD *MouseEvent);
virtual int64_t VMProcess(MacroOpcode OpCode, void *vParam = nullptr, int64_t iParam = 0);
virtual void Update(int Mode);
virtual void SetFocus();
virtual void KillFocus();
virtual FARString &GetTitle(FARString &Title, int SubLen = -1, int TruncSize = 0);
virtual BOOL UpdateKeyBar();
virtual void CloseFile();
virtual int GetCurName(FARString &strName);
};
``` |
Gerhard B. Heller (January 24, 1914 - October 1, 1972) was a German-American rocket scientist and member of the "von Braun rocket team." He worked at Peenemünde Army Research Center during World War II and later, through Operation Paperclip, moved to develop rockets for the U.S., eventually becoming employed at the Marshall Space Flight Center.
Biography
Heller was born in Eschwege in 1914. He attended university at the Technische Universität Darmstadt, where he majored in physical chemistry, earning his BS in 1938 and his MS in 1940. After graduating, Heller worked in the rocket team at Peenemünde from 1940 until the end of World War II in 1945.
In 1945, Heller was scouted through Operation Paperclip as part of a team to restore a V-2 rocket. He and his family traveled to the U.S. aboard an army ship, likely the Argentina, and arrived in New York. From there they took a train to Texas, where Heller was initially stationed at Fort Bliss. In 1950, he and his family traveled to Huntsville, Alabama to continue his work.
After arriving in Huntsville, Heller began work with the Army Ballistic Missile Agency. Beginning in 1951, he taught at the Redstone Arsenal Institute of Graduate Studies as a lecturer in Thermodynamics. After the founding of the Marshall Space Flight Center in 1960, Heller made the move to the new organization, becoming deputy director of the Research Projects Division. By 1969 he had become Chief of the Space Thermodynamics Division of the MSFC's Space Sciences Laboratory.
Heller died in 1972 after an automobile accident. After his death, his widow, Ms. Hertha Heller, created the Gerhard B. Heller Memorial Scholarship at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, where she was faculty.
References
External links
Gerhard B. Heller Collection, The University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections
Stages to Saturn History Project oral interview with Heller, part 1 and part 2, from The University of Alabama in Huntsville Oral History Collections
American aerospace engineers
German aerospace engineers
German rocket scientists
1914 births
1972 deaths
People from Eschwege
Technische Universität Darmstadt alumni
Early spaceflight scientists
Peenemünde Army Research Center and Airfield
NASA people
Operation Paperclip
German emigrants to the United States
Road incident deaths in Tennessee |
The Women's Qatar Classic 2011 is the women's edition of the 2011 Qatar Classic, a squash tournament which is a WSA World Series gold event ($74,000 prize money). The event took place in Doha from 16 October to 21 October. Nicol David won her fourth Qatar Classic trophy, beating Madeline Perry in the final.
Prize money and ranking points
For 2011, the prize purse was $74,000. The prize money and points breakdown is as follows:
Seeds
Draw and results
See also
Qatar Classic
2011 Women's World Open Squash Championship
WSA World Series 2011
References
External links
WSA Qatar Classic 2011 website
Qatar Classic 2011 Squashsite website
Qatar Squash Federation website
Squash tournaments in Qatar
Men's Qatar Classic (squash)
Men's Qatar Classic (squash)
2011 in women's squash |
Jorge Carlos Carranza (born 7 May 1981) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Instituto.
Career statistics
Club
.
Honours
Instituto
Primera B Nacional: 2003–04
References
External links
1981 births
Living people
Argentine men's footballers
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Club Rivadavia footballers
Atlético de Rafaela footballers
Ferro Carril Oeste footballers
Godoy Cruz Antonio Tomba footballers
Instituto Atlético Central Córdoba footballers
O'Higgins F.C. footballers
Club Olimpo footballers
San Martín de Tucumán footballers
Correcaminos UAT footballers
Club Atlético Colón footballers
Boca Unidos footballers
Chilean Primera División players
Argentine Primera División players
Primera Nacional players
Torneo Federal A players
Men's association football goalkeepers
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Chile
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Mexico
Expatriate men's footballers in Chile
Expatriate men's footballers in Mexico |
Muidorge () is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.
See also
Communes of the Oise department
References
Communes of Oise |
Andrzej Szewiński (born 20 February 1970 in Warsaw, Poland) is a former professional volleyball player (198 cm, opposite hitter), sport activist and politician. He is the son of the sprinter Irena Szewińska.
Career as sportsmen
From 1989/90 to 2004/05 (altogether 16 seasons) he played for AZS Częstochowa, Bipop Brescia, Maccabi Tel Aviv, Beşiktaş İstanbul and Galatasaray İstanbul.
Political activity
From 2006 to 2007 he was a councilor of the Silesian Regional Assembly from PO. In the parliamentary election in 2007 he was elected to a Senate in Częstochowa district, receiving 81,777 votes. Later he joined Civic Platform. In the parliamentary election in 2011, he won 37,471 votes and again won a seat to Senate from Częstochowa district. In 2014, he ran for the presidency of Częstochowa, taking 4th place out of 7 candidates. In 2015 he did not receive a senatorial reelection, because Artur Warzocha defeated him. On 30 December 2015 he replaced Krzysztof Łoziński as the vice-president of Częstochowa. In 2018 he ran unsuccessfully to the regional assembly. In the parliamentary election in 2019 he was elected to Sejm in Częstochowa district.
References
Biography on Polish parliament website
1970 births
Living people
Polish people of Jewish descent
Polish people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
Polish men's volleyball players
Volleyball players from Warsaw
Members of the Senate of Poland 2007–2011
Members of the Senate of Poland 2011–2015
Members of the Polish Sejm 2019–2023
Jan Długosz University alumni
Jewish Polish politicians
Galatasaray S.K. (men's volleyball) players
Members of the Polish Sejm 2023–2027 |
Charles Joseph Devillers or de Villers (1724 in Rennes – 1810) was a French naturalist.
Charles Devillers was a member of l’Académie des sciences belles-lettres et arts de Lyon from 1764 to 1810. He had a cabinet of curiosities and was interested in physics and mathematics. He published Caroli Linnaei entomologia, in 1789, a collection of the insect descriptions of Carl von Linné. He was a friend of Philibert Commerson (1727–1773), Jean-Emmanuel Gilibert (1741–1814) and Marc Antoine Louis Claret de La Tourrette (1729–1793).
References
Pascal Duris (1993). Linné et la France (1780-1850), 318, Librairie Droz (Genève), collection Histoire des idées et critique littéraire : 281 p.
French entomologists
French naturalists
1724 births
1810 deaths
French taxonomists
18th-century French zoologists
19th-century French zoologists |
Bagh Jahan (, also Romanized as Bāgh Jahān; also known as Bāgh Jān) is a village in Eshqabad Rural District, Miyan Jolgeh District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 281, in 74 families.
See also
List of cities, towns and villages in Razavi Khorasan Province
References
Populated places in Nishapur County |
Giuliano Ghelli (10 May 1944 – 15 February 2014) was an Italian painter who produced several series of works, each rooted in the practice of drawing. An autodidact, Ghelli's early influences were informalism and geometric abstraction, from which he developed a cartoon-like style of figuration inspired by pop art and Surrealism. Ghelli was said to draw on affect over intellect, working personal interests and relations, and, later, dreams into his pictures; the Italian word racconto (narrative or story) often appears in the artist's titles.
Debut and early work (1962-1978)
At age 17 Ghelli began to frequent the studios of several contemporary Florentine painters and soon met the avant-garde art dealer Fiamma Vigo (Italian). Through Vigo's Numero gallery, Ghelli discovered a community of artists and writers who strongly influenced his approach to painting. Ghelli debuted in 1963 with two works on canvas in a group exhibition at Vigo's Numero gallery in Milan. He continued to exhibit his work in Vigo's galleries in Florence and Venice into the late 1960s.
In 1972 Ghelli signed a contract with the Sangallo gallery in Florence; the associated stipend allowed him to paint full-time.
Il portapaesaggi (The Landscape Carrier)
From 1973 Ghelli's works tended increasingly towards figuration, with crudely drawn elements of landscape (hills, patches of sky, a line of trees at the horizon), road signage, mechanical elements and humanoid-robot figures. In 1974 he published the pocket volume Il portapaesaggi with text by the contemporary art historian Lara-Vinca Masini.
In 1975 Ghelli's paintings were exhibited in New York and Los Angeles and in 1977 Ghelli returned to New York to exhibit his work and travel cross-country. Starting in 1978 Arezzo-based Novart produced a line of jewelry based on Il portapaesaggi.
Sentiment and narrative (1980-1989)
From 1980 a "narrative dimension" emerged in Ghelli's prints and paintings. The sparsely-drawn hills, robots, and signage of the previous decade are joined by envelopes, houses, and the occasional hand-written phrase. In her text describing the paintings in Ghelli's 1983 Ferrara exhibition the critic Maria Luisa Frisa noted "The theme of romantic love ... in all its facets: desire, jealously, abandonment, distance. The interplay of narrative, landscape and technological artifact in Ghelli's work was commented by the art historian Lara-Vinca Masini in her 1989 Arte Contemporanea, noting, in Ghelli's paintings, a "lucid, fable-like transcription of technology and robots."
Mature work (1990–2014)
Mechanical themes: Leonardo and Mercedes-Benz
In 1990 Ghelli was introduced to the Leonardo scholar Carlo Pedretti, then professor of art history at UCLA. From meetings with Pedretti followed a set of silkscreens and then paintings inspired by Leonardo da Vinci, culminating in the 1992 exhibition In viaggio con Leonardo in Milan. Ghelli would continue to reference Leonardo's work, in particular the illustrations of the Codex Leicester, in several works from the 1990s onwards.
Ghelli's Leonardo paintings were noticed by Jochen Prange, the head of Mercedes-Benz Italia S.p.A., and led to a commission for twenty paintings for the company's new Rome headquarters, which hosted a one-man exhibition for the artist in 1995.
The Aborigeni, Migrazioni, and Esercito di terracotta
Many of Ghelli's canvases from the late 1990s are densely packed with color and form. In his text "Ghelli's 'Horror Vacui'", Carlo Pedretti characterized this period's style as "painting that does not allow empty space" linking it to the workings of the subconscious and dreams.
In 2000, a trip to Sydney, Australia and a reading of Bruce Chatwin's novel The Songlines led Ghelli to paint series of canvases referencing Aboriginal symbols and Dreamtime. In this same period the artist painted a series of works on paper and canvas depicting shoals of fish, each with the title "Migrazione". These series were cited by some critics as evidencing Ghelli's interest in dreams and in the ancestral and unchanging.
Ghelli's Esercito di terracotta (Terracotta Army) resulted from the artist extending his practice of painting fabric tailors busts to sculpting and decorating pre-fabricated, fresh clay forms. Through carving, stamping, and the application molded shapes, Ghelli created approximately fifty small terracotta female busts (each 25 cm high) soon followed by a larger series (about 75 cm high). Some journalists and public figures associated the work to the partially-excavated Terracotta Army of Xi'an.
The "Cantiere" and the Segreti
In 2011 the artist created an art lab for secondary school students called the "Cantiere Giuliano Ghelli" (Ghelli work site). Concurrently, Ghelli had been experimenting with twine wrapped around his pieces, one of which he brought into the art lab. Ghelli invited the students to "write on a small piece of canvas … a phrase no one would ever read". Each such piece was then "folded ... soaked in glue, placed under the twine and covered with paint." The resulting painted tailor's bust belongs to a series of mixed media works called "Segreti" (Secrets) made between 2011 and 2014.
Select one-man exhibitions
1967 Fiesole, saletta Mino da Fiesole
1971 Florence, Davanzati gallery
1972 Florence, Sangallo gallery; Bologna, Cherry Gallery
1974 Milan, Nuovo Sagittario gallery; Paris, Maison des Lettres de l'Université de Paris
1975 Florence, Sangallo gallery; New York, Queens College, Paul Klapper Library; Los Angeles, Bernstein Gallery
1981 Milan, Studio Steffanoni
1983 Ferrara, Massari 2 gallery
1992 Milan, Castello Sforzesco, Sala del Tesoro
1995 Montelupo Fiorentino, Museo della Ceramica; Rome, Mercedes-Benz Italia headquarters
1997 Siena, Duomo, Cripta delle statue; Miami, Faustini Arte gallery; Colonia, Istituto Italiano di Cultura
2001 Prato, Museo Pecci, La Parola colorata
2005 Certaldo, Palazzo Pretorio; Knokke, Belgium, Knokke Art Museum
2006 Fiesole, Roman amphitheater, Museo Archeologico
2008 Florence, Palazzo Medici Riccardi
2009 Florence, Palazzo Vecchio, Sala d´Arme
2010 Prato, Castello dell’Imperatore; Lucca, Lucca Center for Contemporary Art
2013 Florence, Palazzo Panciatichi
Select group exhibitions
1963 Milan, Numero gallery
1964 Venice, Numero gallery; Florence, Numero gallery
1965 Florence, Numero gallery, 27 Motivazioni
1966 Venice, Numero gallery; Florence, Numero gallery
1969 Bologna, Museo Civico, Proposta per una manifestazione
1973 Florence, Sangallo gallery; Florence, Giorgi gallery, Segno ’73; Milan, Nuovo Sagittario gallery
1974 Florence, La Piramide gallery; Menton, Biennale Internationale d’Art; Bruxelles, Centre Culturel D’Auderghem
1975 Rome, X Quadriennale nazionale d'arte di Roma, 'La nuova generazione'''
1993 Malmö, Sweden, I ponti di Leonardo 2005 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, DIE GALERIE, Figurative Kunst aus Italien; Moscow, Russia, M’ARS Contemporary Art Museum, Il cappello e la creatività 2006 Moscow, Russia M’ARS Contemporary Art Museum, The Sun, the Moon and the Theory of Opposites 2010 San Miniato, Palazzo Inquilini Recognition
1973: awarded a scholarship offered to young artists by the city of Florence.
1975: participated in the 10th edition of the Quadriennale nazionale d'arte di Roma.
1975: included by noted critic Tommaso Paloscia (Italian) in Bolaffi Arte's annual listing of "top Italian artists".
1980: included in Bolaffi Arte's listing of "leading Italian graphic artists".
2006: awarded, with three other artists, the critic's Vela d'oro at the 51st edition of the Rassegna di pittura Marina di Ravenna.
2013: awarded the Gonfalone d’argento, top honor of the Consiglio Regionale della Toscana.
2013: named Commendatore dell'Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana.
On the artist's birthday in May 2015 the Museo Civico di San Casciano Val di Pesa was rededicated as the Museo Giuliano Ghelli.
Public collections Palazzo Vecchio, Direzione di Servizi Territoriali Integrati (1st floor), Servizio Musei Comunali, Florence, ItalyMuseo della Contrada Priora della Civetta, Siena, ItalyMuseo archeologico di Massa Marittima and Complesso mussale di San Petro all'Orto, Massa Marittima (province of Grosseto), Italy
Books
Lara-Vinca Masini, Giuliano Ghelli, Il portapaesaggi, 1974.Claudio Nobbio, Stefano Giraldi, Sergio Staino, Giuliano Ghelli, Eclisse Parziale, 1998, Florence, City Lights Italia.
Marina Nordera, La Bella addormentata nel bosco [Sleeping Beauty], text by Patrizia Veroli, illustrations by Giuliano Ghelli, 2003, Palermo, L'Epos.
Select exhibition catalogs Ghelli, curated by Aldo Passoni, 1974.Giuliano Ghelli, curated by Maria Luisa Frisa, 1983.Giuliano Ghelli. Proiezioni metafisiche dell'immaginario, curated by Lara-Vinca Masini, 1989, Mantova, Cleb GalleryIn viaggio con Leonardo, curated by Carlo Pedretti, 1992, Milano, Riproduzioni ABC di Sergio Necchi.La Parola colorata, curated by Nicola Micieli, texts by Umberto Cecchi, Marco Pistoia and Maurizio Vanni 2001, Prato, Centro Pecci, Studio Bibliografico Pratese.Il cappello e la creatività, curated by Maurizio Vanni, 2005, Poggibonsi (SI), Carlo Cambi Editore.La fabbrica della fantasia, curated by Ilario Luperini, 2011, Pontedera (PI), Bandecchi & Vivaldi.Giuliano Ghelli. 50 anni in viaggio tra pittura e scultura, curated by Sandra Stanghellini, texts by Cristina Acidini, Nicola Danti, 2013, Florence, Palazzo Panciatichi, Consiglio Regionale della Toscana.Genius Loci. Fiabe dipinte, curated by Giovanna M. Carli, texts by Giovanna Carli, Eugenio Giani, Andrea Ferrante, 2016, Florence, Polistampa.Giuliano Ghelli inedito. Gioco e forma in opere dal 1963 al 1983 nel clima fiorentino contemporaneo, curated by Mirella Branca, texts by Mirella Branca, Lara-Vinca Masini, Barbara Casalini, 2018, Florence, Polistampa.
Bibliography Catalogo nazionale Bolaffi d'arte moderna n.10, segnalati Bolaffi 1975 50 artisti scelti da 52 critici, Torino, Giulio Bolaffi Editore, vol.IIICatalogo nazionale Bolaffi della grafica n.10, incisioni, litografie e serigrafie di 676 artisti italiani, realizzate nel 1979/1980, Torino, Giulio Bolaffi Editore
Lara-Vinca Masini, Arte Contemporanea. La Linea dell'unicità, 1989, Florence, Giunti.
Lara-Vinca Masini, Arte Contemporanea. La Linea del modello, 1996, Florence, Giunti.
Maurizio Vanni, Giuliano Ghelli. Le vie del tempo, additional texts by Giuliano Ghelli, Carlo Pedretti, Sandra Landi, 2005, Poggibonsi (SI), Carlo Cambi Editore.
Michele Loffredo, Intra Tevere et Arno. Musei e collezioni pubbliche d'arte contemporanea del territorio aretino,'' 2014, Florence, Nerbini.
References
External links
Archivio Giuilano Ghelli (in English and Italian)
Farewell to the painter Giuliano Ghelli (in Italian) in la Repubblica
Art blog with posts about and writings by the art historian Lara-Vinca Masini (in Italian)
Museo Giuliano Ghelli (in Italian) on the website of the municipality of San Casciano in Val di Pesa
1944 births
2014 deaths
Painters from Florence
People from San Casciano in Val di Pesa |
Guangdong-Hong Kong Cup 2001–02 is the 24th staging of this two-leg competition between Hong Kong and Guangdong.
The first leg was played in Hong Kong while the second leg was played in Guangzhou.
Hong Kong captured champion again by winning an aggregate 3–2 against Guangdong.
Squads
Hong Kong
Some of the players in the squad include:
Cheng Siu Chung Ricky 鄭兆聰
Chan Ka Ki 陳家麒
Yau Kin Wai 丘建威
Lau Chi Keung 劉志強
Lo Kai Wah 羅繼華
Au Wai Lun 歐偉倫
Cheung Sai Ho 蔣世豪
Gerard Ambassa Guy 卓卓
Gary McKeown 麥基昂
Cristiano Preigchadt Cordeiro 高尼路
Hartwig Carlo Andre Bieleman 安德烈
Cornelius Udebuluzor 哥連斯
Keith Gumbs 基夫
Finho 仙奴
Results
First Leg
Second Leg
References
HKFA website 省港盃回憶錄(九) (in chinese)
2002
2001 in Chinese football
2002 in Chinese football
2001–02 in Hong Kong football |
Risk analysis is a technique used to identify and assess factors that may jeopardize the success of a project or achieving a goal.
This technique also helps to define preventive measures to reduce the probability of these factors from occurring and identify countermeasures to successfully deal with these constraints when they develop to avert possible negative effects on the competitiveness of the company.
One of the more popular methods to perform a risk analysis in the computer field is called facilitated risk analysis process (FRAP).
Facilitated risk analysis process
FRAP analyzes one system, application or segment of business processes at a time.
FRAP assumes that additional efforts to develop precisely quantified risks are not cost-effective because:
such estimates are time-consuming
risk documentation becomes too voluminous for practical use
specific loss estimates are generally not needed to determine if controls are needed.
without assumptions there is little risk analysis
After identifying and categorizing risks, a team identifies the controls that could mitigate the risk. The decision for what controls are needed lies with the business manager. The team's conclusions as to what risks exist and what controls needed are documented along with a related action plan for control implementation.
Three of the most important risks a software company faces are: unexpected changes in revenue, unexpected changes in costs from those budgeted and the amount of specialization of the software planned. Risks that affect revenues can be: unanticipated competition, privacy, intellectual property right problems, and unit sales that are less than forecast. Unexpected development costs also create the risk that can be in the form of more rework than anticipated, security holes, and privacy invasions.
Narrow specialization of software with a large amount of research and development expenditures can lead to both business and technological risks since specialization does not necessarily lead to lower unit costs of software. Combined with the decrease in the potential customer base, specialization risk can be significant for a software firm. After probabilities of scenarios have been calculated with risk analysis, the process of risk management can be applied to help manage the risk.
Methods like applied information economics add to and improve on risk analysis methods by introducing procedures to adjust subjective probabilities, compute the value of additional information and to use the results in part of a larger portfolio management problem.
See also
Benefit risk
Optimism bias
Reference class forecasting
Extreme risk
Risk management
Peren–Clement index
References
Hiram, E. C., Peren–Clement Index, 2012.
Roebuck, K.: Risk Management Standards, 2011.
Wankel, C.: Encyclopedia of Business in Today's World, 2009.
External links
Risk Management Guide for Information Technology Systems
Formal sciences |
The Brazil men's national under-21 volleyball team represents Brazil in international men's volleyball competitions and friendly matches under the age 21 and it is ruled by the Brazilian Volleyball Federation that is a member of South American volleyball body Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV) and the international volleyball body government the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB).
Results
U21 World Championship
Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place
U21 South America Championship
Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place
U21 Pan-American Cup
Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place
Team
Current squad
The following is the Brazilian roster in the 2017 FIVB Volleyball Men's U21 World Championship.
Head coach: Tambeiro Nery Pereira Jr.
Former squads
U21 World Championship
2001 – Gold medal
Diogenes Zagonel, Murilo Endres, Rodrigo Santos, Riad Ribeiro, Bruna Silva, Evandro Guerra, Leandro Vissotto, Dante Trevisan, Roberto Minuzzi, André Luiz Eloi, Joao Grangeiro and Alberto Mendes
2003 – Silver medal
Eder Carbonera, Raphael Margarido (c), Leandro da Silva, Michael dos Santos, Wallace Martins, Ricardo Aviz, Bruno Zanuto, Luiz Felipe Fonteles, Samuel Fuchs, Raphael de Oliveira, Leandro Greca and Joao Paulo Tavares
2005 – Silver medal
Douglas Barbosa, Rodolpho Granato, Luiz Coelho, Thiago Machado, Tiago Brendle, Thiago Alves (c), Lucas Saatkamp, Marcus Jubé, Bruno Rezende, Igor Pinto, Thiago Sens and Silmar Almeida
2007 – Gold medal
Wanderson Campos, Guilherme Hage, Lucas de Deus, Felipe Bandero, Tiago Barth, Tiago Gelinski, Wallace de Souza, William da Costa (c), Carlos Faccin, Deivid Costa, Bernardo Assis and José Santos Júnior
2009 – Gold medal
Aurélio Figueiredo, Tiago Wesz, Maurício Borges Silva, Murilo Radke (c), Guilherme Koepp, Najari Carvalho, Isac Santos, Ygor Duarte, Renan Buiatti, Jairo Medeiros, Thales Hoss and Franco Paese
2011 – 5th place
Bernardo Reitz, Matheus Cunda, Otávio Pinto (c), Ricardo Lucarelli Souza, Felipe Rosa, Guilherme Kachel, Vitor Dias, Renan Purificacao, Rafael Martins, Hugo Silva, Luan Weber and Lucas Loh
2013 – Silver medal
Alan Souza, Eder Kock, Rogério Filho, Felipe Hernandez, Leandro Santos, Douglas Souza, Flávio Gualberto, Thiago Veloso (c), Lucas Madaloz, Leonardo Nascimento, Henrique Batagim and Carlos Silva
2015 – 4th place
Leonardo Nascimento, Rogério Filho, Robert Araujo, Pedro Silva, Rodrigo Leão, Douglas Souza, Johan Marengoni, Fernando Kreling (c), Caio Oliveira, Gabriel Kavalkievicz, Lucas Madaloz and Romulo Silva
2017 – 4th place
Davy Moraes, Felipe Roque, Matheus Silva (c), Henrique Honorato, Victor Cardoso, Daniel Mascarenhas, Gabriel Bertolini, Maique Nascimento, Luis Rodrigues, Alexandre Elias, Lucas Barreto and Pablo Ventura
2019 – Bronze medal
Nathan Krupp, Bruno Ruivo, Gustavo Orlando, Rhendrick Rosa (c), Gabriel Cotrim, Marcus Coelho, Victor Cardoso, Lucas Figueiredo, Angellus Silva, Guilherme Voss Santos, Edson Paixão and Welinton Oppenkoski
See also
Brazil women's national under-20 volleyball team
Brazil men's national volleyball team
Brazil men's national under-23 volleyball team
Brazil men's national under-19 volleyball team
References
External links
Official website
Volleyball
National men's under-21 volleyball teams
Volleyball in Brazil |
The men's team sprint competition at the 2018 European Speed Skating Championships was held on 7 January 2018.
Results
The race was started at 17:10.
References
Men's team sprint |
Pnie is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Wejherowo, within Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately north-west of Wejherowo and north-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
References
Pnie |
Forkville is an unincorporated community in Scott County, Mississippi, United States. Forkville is located at the junction of Mississippi Highway 13 and Mississippi Highway 483, north of Morton. Forkville had a post office until March 19, 1994.
References
Unincorporated communities in Scott County, Mississippi
Unincorporated communities in Mississippi |
USA-280 (codenamed "Zuma") was a classified United States government satellite that was launched by SpaceX on 8 January 2018, on the 47th flight of the Falcon 9 rocket. The National Reconnaissance Office was in charge of the Zuma project, though its purpose has not been disclosed. In November 2017, Northrop Grumman stated that the launch "is a monumental responsibility and has taken great care to ensure the most affordable and lowest risk scenario for Zuma." The Wall Street Journal reported that the design was very sensitive to vibration and sudden shocks, and had a development cost approaching .
Following the launch, unnamed sources stated that the satellite was lost during deployment and re-entered the atmosphere, and independent investigations concluded that the spacecraft likely failed to separate from its payload adapter.
Launch
In September 2017, SpaceX sent applications to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for special temporary authority to transmit signals at 2.2 GHz during launch of "Mission 1390", for the time period between November 2017 and April 2018.
The satellite, manufactured by Northrop Grumman, was initially scheduled to launch on a Falcon 9 from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) in mid-November 2017, and launch-license for the rocket was issued by the Office of Commercial Space Transportation on 9 November 2017. Northrop Grumman purchased a payload adapter to customize the release mechanism, which was then tested three times on the ground prior to payload fairing encapsulation.
The Falcon rocket performed a static fire test as part of its pre-flight preparation, but results from a payload fairing test for another customer led to a delay of nearly two months. On 22 December 2017, the launch license was re-issued with a change of the launchpad from Launch Complex 39A to Launch Complex 40. The launch was subsequently rescheduled for 4 January 2018, and was further delayed because of weather concerns related to the January 2018 North American blizzard.
The satellite was launched on 8 January 2018 at 01:00 UTC from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 40 (SLC-40) in Florida. The Falcon 9 first stage touched down at Landing Zone 1, and SpaceX later announced that all data indicated the launch vehicle had performed properly. At approximately 03:15 UTC, the pilot of an aircraft traveling over Khartoum, as well as another person in Sudan, observed a spiral-shaped fuel dump attributed to the re-entering upper stage.
Fate
The fate of the spacecraft is not publicly known. According to unsourced media claims, U.S. lawmakers were reportedly briefed about the loss of the spacecraft and an unnamed government official said that it had re-entered the atmosphere over the Indian Ocean, possibly due to a failure in the payload adapter provided by Northrop Grumman in detaching from the second stage. According to The Wall Street Journal, sensors had not reported the initial failure to detach. Later on, Zuma did ultimately detach from the upper stage payload adapter, but only after it was too late and with the orbit too low to attempt a rescue of the satellite.
President and COO of SpaceX Gwynne Shotwell stated, "For clarity: after review of all data to date, Falcon 9 did everything correctly on Sunday night. If we or others find otherwise based on further review, we will report it immediately. Information published that is contrary to this statement is categorically false. Due to the classified nature of the payload, no further comment is possible." Lon Rains, Communications Director of Northrop Grumman, stated that the company could not comment on the status of classified missions. Three days later, the Zuma mission patch had been removed from sale in the souvenir shop at the Air Force Space and Missile Museum and from online sales.
On 8 April 2018, The Wall Street Journal reported that two independent investigations "tentatively concluded" that the spacecraft failed to separate from the payload adapter after launch due to errors introduced by Northrop Grumman. The adapter had been bought by Northrop Grumman from a subcontractor and heavily modified for use on the mission. Due to the classified nature of the mission, detailed information on the satellite and its fate may not be publicly released. Officially, North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) still lists the satellite but with no orbital parameters and the orbital status code "no elements available", which is standard procedure for classified missions.
In the media
The U.S. government has not publicly stated if there was a failure of Zuma, and this secrecy has generated speculations on its purpose and its fate. A number of articles published by the amateur satellite tracking community stated that if the satellite was still in orbit or operating covertly, then it would likely be located visually. In the process of searching for Zuma, amateur astronomers instead found radio transmissions from IMAGE, a NASA satellite that was lost in 2005.
Gallery
References
External links
by SpaceX
2018 in Florida
January 2018 events in the United States
Satellites of the United States
Spacecraft launched in 2018
SpaceX military payloads
Spacecraft which reentered in 2018
Secret space vehicles |
Rally Fusion: Race of Champions is a racing game released for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox consoles in 2002. It was developed by Climax Brighton and published by Activision.
Gameplay
The game was based on the Race of Champions held in Gran Canaria, it featured 19 different cars such as the Lancia 037, Peugeot 306 Maxi and the ROC buggy. 19 different tracks were used but many never featured in the real race of champions.
Reception
GameRankings: 74.78%
Official PlayStation Magazine UK: 6/10
IGN: 8.0/10
See also
Michelin Rally Masters: Race of Champions
References
GameFAQs
2002 video games
Activision games
GameCube games
Off-road racing video games
PlayStation 2 games
Race of Champions
Racing video games
Rally racing video games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Xbox games |
The Philadelphia race riot, or Columbia Avenue Riot, took place in the predominantly black neighborhoods of North Philadelphia from August 28 to August 30, 1964. Tensions between black residents of the city and police had been escalating for several months over several well-publicized allegations of police brutality.
This riot was one of the first in the civil rights era and followed the 1964 Rochester race riot and Harlem riot of 1964 in New York City.
Background
In 1964, North Philadelphia was the city's center of African-American culture, and home to 400,000 of the city's 600,000 black residents. The Philadelphia Police Department had tried to improve its relationship with the city's black community, assigning police to patrol black neighborhoods in teams of one black and one white officer per squad car and having a civilian review board to handle cases of police brutality.
Despite the improvement attempts of the Philadelphia Police Department, racial tensions had been high in Philadelphia over the issue of police brutality. The Philadelphia Tribune, the city’s black newspaper, ran several articles on police brutality which often resulted in white policemen being brought up on charges of brutality, only to be later acquitted. The summer of 1964 was at the peak of the civil rights movement with rioting breaking out in black areas of other northern cities including New York City; Rochester, NY; Jersey City, NJ and Elizabeth, NJ stemming from allegations of police brutality against black residents.
The riots
The unrest began on the evening of August 28 after a black woman named Odessa Bradford got into an argument with two police officers, one black, Robert Wells, and the other white, John Hoff, because Bradford stopped the car while arguing with her boyfriend and refused to move out of the intersection at 23rd Street and Columbia Avenue. The officers then tried to physically remove Bradford from the car. As the argument went on, a large crowd assembled in the area. A man tried to come to Bradford's aid by attacking the police officers at the scene, both he and Bradford were arrested.
Rumors then spread throughout North Philadelphia that a pregnant black woman had been beaten to death by white police officers. Later that evening, and throughout the next two days, angry mobs looted and burned mostly white-owned businesses in North Philadelphia, mainly along Columbia Avenue. Outnumbered, the police response was to withdraw from the area rather than aggressively confront the rioters.
Although no one was killed, 341 people were injured, 774 people were arrested and 225 stores were damaged or destroyed in the three days of rioting. Some of the tension was attributable to religion, with Black Muslims and black nationalists pitted against Black Baptist ministers who called for calm.
Aftermath
The riot was reported to have caused 4 million dollars worth of damages. Business activity in North Philadelphia declined even further after the riots, as many of the damaged or destroyed stores never re-opened for business. The riots also helped to facilitate the political rise to power of Frank Rizzo, who favored more punitive approaches to crime.
In 1987, Columbia Avenue between Front and 33rd Streets was renamed Cecil B. Moore Avenue after the influential and often controversial Civil Rights leader. Although his role was limited, Moore has been regarded as a pacifying figure who helped quell the rioting.
Cultural references
A fictionalized version of the events of the Philadelphia riots of 1964 are depicted in the first season finale of the NBC television series American Dreams.
See also
Race riots in Philadelphia during the 1919 Red Summer
George Floyd protests in Philadelphia
Ethnic conflict
1964 in the United States
Urban riots
List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States
References
Philadelphia Race Riot
Philadelphia Race Riot
1960s in Philadelphia
Philadelphia
Riots and civil disorder in Philadelphia
African-American history in Philadelphia
Philadelphia Race Riot
Ghetto riots (1964–1969) |
John A. Minetto State Park is a public recreation area encompassing in the towns of Goshen and Torrington, Connecticut. Facilities are available for picnicking, fishing, and cross-country skiing. The state park is managed by the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection.
History
The park is part of a flood control project initiated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, who turned the land over to state management following the completion of the Hall Meadow Brook Dam in 1962. Opened under the name Hall Meadow State Park, it was renamed in 1972 in honor of Torrington State Senator John A. Minetto.
References
External links
John A. Minetto State Park Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection
John A. Minetto State Park Map Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection
State parks of Connecticut
Parks in Litchfield County, Connecticut
Protected areas established in 1965
Torrington, Connecticut |
The 1988 season was the Minnesota Vikings' 28th in the National Football League. They finished with an 11–5 record, and finished second to the Chicago Bears in the NFC Central division.
The Vikings had one of the best defenses in the NFL in 1988. The team allowed 4,091 total yards, 4.3 yards per play, and 243 first downs, all best in the league. The Vikings also had a league-best 53 takeaways. Opposing quarterbacks had a league-worst 41.2 passer rating against the Vikings' defense, the lowest total of the 1980s and fifth all-time for the Super Bowl era.
The Vikings made the postseason for the second consecutive time under coach Jerry Burns. They defeated the Los Angeles Rams in the wildcard round, but lost 34–9 in the divisional round to the San Francisco 49ers, who went on to win their third Super Bowl. This was the last time the Vikings won a playoff game until 1997.
Offseason
1988 Draft
The Vikings traded their second-round selection (45th overall) to the Denver Broncos in exchange for Denver's second-, fourth- and sixth-round selections (54th, 108th and 164th overall).
The Vikings traded their fourth- and 11th-round selections (97th and 294th overall) to the New England Patriots for QB Rich Gannon.
The Vikings traded their sixth-round selection (156th overall) and 1989 10th-round selection (275th overall) to the Miami Dolphins for OL Greg Koch.
The Vikings traded their 1989 ninth-round selection to the New England Patriots in exchange for the 11th-round selection that the Patriots received in the Gannon trade (296th overall).
The Vikings traded their 12th-round selection (323rd overall) to the New York Giants in exchange for C Chris Foote.
Supplemental Draft
Staff
Roster
Preseason
Regular season
Schedule
Game summaries
Week 5: at Miami Dolphins
Week 11: at Dallas Cowboys
Standings
Playoffs
Schedule
Game summaries
NFC Wild Card: vs. (#5) Los Angeles Rams
NFC Divisional Playoffs: at (#2) San Francisco 49ers
Statistics
Team leaders
* Vikings single season record
League rankings
References
Vikings on Pro Football Reference
Vikings on jt-sw.com
Minnesota Vikings seasons
Minnesota
Minnesota Vikings |
Lucky Dog by Leo Butler is a play which premiered in the upstairs Jerwood Theatre of Royal Court in 2004. It was directed by James Macdonald, and featured Linda Bassett and Alan Williams in the lead roles.
Butler has said that he was inspired by the image of a woman turning into a dog and had the title and that image long before the play or narrative. He says that he had written several scenes involving that image and title before he found the Christmas setting and found he could write the play.
The play is split in half with the first part of the action being set a Christmas time in Sheffield and the second almost silent part abroad a year later. It centers on an older married couple Eddie and Sue and the bitterness and desperation that comes into their marriage once their son has left home. The central event to the play is where Sue acts like their dog snarling and growling at her husband.
Linda Bassett was awarded Best Actress for the play at the 2004 TMA Theatre Awards
Reviews
Michael Billington in The Guardian praised the play, claiming to be "astonished by the 28-year-old Butler's profound understanding of marital solitude" and that "there are many noisier plays around but few capture so well the marital stated summed up by Beckett as “alone together, so much shared.” Adam Scott of The Independent described the play as a "provoking hinterland of unspoken trauma" and that "as you reassemble the fragments of the evening, Butler reveals himself as a writer of prescience and subtlety". While Kate Bassett of The Independent on Sunday reviewed the play as a "darkly funny and remarkably poignant portrait of a marriage. Butler's dialogue combines naturalistic chat, a musical sense of phrase and pause, and surreal episodes. The last act is an extraordinary coup de theatre, imbued with an almost heavenly sense of new-found tenderness and atonement''.
Fiona Mountford of the Evening Standard called the play a "searing yet achingly poignant examination of family life turned sour" in which "the silences, laden with frustration and tension" are "just as powerful as the spoken word". Sarah Hemming of the Financial Times argued that "in a play so poignantly focused on loss and neglect, the unsaid, the unseen and the offstage play a huge part. You keep expecting something violent to happen, but it doesn’t as Butler’s portrayal of domestic horror is subtler than that. He shows us how cruel the simple withdrawal of love can be."
Notes
2004 plays
Plays by Leo Butler |
Tyspanodes hypsalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Warren in 1891. It is found in China, Korea and Taiwan.
The wingspan is 26–28 mm. The forewings are white, with the extreme base yellowish. The interspaces between the veins are marked with thick black lines. There are two subquadrate black spots in the cell and three more irregularly shaped towards the base. The hindwings are blackish, with the centre broadly whitish ochreous.
References
Moths described in 1891
Spilomelinae |
```javascript
"use strict";
var __extends = (this && this.__extends) || (function () {
var extendStatics = function (d, b) {
extendStatics = Object.setPrototypeOf ||
({ __proto__: [] } instanceof Array && function (d, b) { d.__proto__ = b; }) ||
function (d, b) { for (var p in b) if (b.hasOwnProperty(p)) d[p] = b[p]; };
return extendStatics(d, b);
}
return function (d, b) {
extendStatics(d, b);
function __() { this.constructor = d; }
d.prototype = b === null ? Object.create(b) : (__.prototype = b.prototype, new __());
};
})();
Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
var Subscriber_1 = require("../Subscriber");
function refCount() {
return function refCountOperatorFunction(source) {
return source.lift(new RefCountOperator(source));
};
}
exports.refCount = refCount;
var RefCountOperator = (function () {
function RefCountOperator(connectable) {
this.connectable = connectable;
}
RefCountOperator.prototype.call = function (subscriber, source) {
var connectable = this.connectable;
connectable._refCount++;
var refCounter = new RefCountSubscriber(subscriber, connectable);
var subscription = source.subscribe(refCounter);
if (!refCounter.closed) {
refCounter.connection = connectable.connect();
}
return subscription;
};
return RefCountOperator;
}());
var RefCountSubscriber = (function (_super) {
__extends(RefCountSubscriber, _super);
function RefCountSubscriber(destination, connectable) {
var _this = _super.call(this, destination) || this;
_this.connectable = connectable;
return _this;
}
RefCountSubscriber.prototype._unsubscribe = function () {
var connectable = this.connectable;
if (!connectable) {
this.connection = null;
return;
}
this.connectable = null;
var refCount = connectable._refCount;
if (refCount <= 0) {
this.connection = null;
return;
}
connectable._refCount = refCount - 1;
if (refCount > 1) {
this.connection = null;
return;
}
var connection = this.connection;
var sharedConnection = connectable._connection;
this.connection = null;
if (sharedConnection && (!connection || sharedConnection === connection)) {
sharedConnection.unsubscribe();
}
};
return RefCountSubscriber;
}(Subscriber_1.Subscriber));
//# sourceMappingURL=refCount.js.map
``` |
Barents Sea dike swarm consists of two groups of dolerite dikes across the Svalbard and Franz Josef Land regions. The emplacement of dikes was associated with the Cretaceous High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP).
As revealed by aeromagnetic data, the dolerite dikes in the northern Barents Sea can be grouped in two regional dike swarms running oblique to the northern passive margin of the Barents Sea: the Franz Josef Land and Svalbard dike swarms, respectively. Multichannel seismic data indicate that the dikes fed the dolerite sills, resided in Permian to Early Cretaceous sedimentary strata in the East Barents Sea sedimentary basin. U/Pb dating of dolerites indicate an emplacement age of 121-125 Ma.
References
Geology of Svalbard
Geology of Russia
Cretaceous magmatism
Landforms of the Barents Sea
Dike swarms |
Peno Creek is a stream in the Pike County in northeastern Missouri. The stream headwaters are north of U. S. Route 54 just west of Bowling Green. The stream flows northwest paralleling U. S. Route 61 then passes under Route 61 south of Frankford and continues north to northeast until reaching its confluence with the Salt River just south of the Pike-Ralls county line.
The stream source is at and the confluence is at .
The meaning of the name "Peno" is obscure; it possibly is derived from an unidentified Native American language.
See also
List of rivers of Missouri
References
Rivers of Pike County, Missouri
Rivers of Missouri |
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