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There were two Governments of the 21st Dáil, which was elected at the 1977 general election on 16 June 1977. The 15th Government of Ireland (5 July 1977 – 11 December 1979) was led by Jack Lynch as Taoiseach, while the 16th Government of Ireland (11 December 1979 – 30 June 1981) was led by Charles Haughey. Both were single-party majority Fianna Fáil governments.
The 15th Government lasted for days and the 16th Government lasted for days.
15th Government of Ireland
Nomination of Taoiseach
The 21st Dáil first met on 5 July 1977. In the debate on the nomination of Taoiseach, Fianna Fáil leader Jack Lynch was proposed, and this proposal was carried with 82 votes in favour and 61 votes against. Lynch was appointed as Taoiseach by president Patrick Hillery.
Members of the Government
After his appointment as Taoiseach by the president, Jack Lynch proposed the members of the government and they were approved by the Dáil. They were appointed by the president on the same day.
Notes
Attorney General
On 5 July 1977, Anthony J. Hederman SC was appointed by the president as Attorney General on the nomination of the Taoiseach.
Parliamentary Secretaries (5 July 1977 – 1 January 1978)
On 5 July 1977, the Government appointed Parliamentary Secretaries on the nomination of the Taoiseach.
Ministers of State (1 January 1978 – 11 December 1979)
Following the enactment of the Ministers and Secretaries (Amendment) (No.2) Act 1977, the post of Parliamentary Secretary was abolished and replaced by a new post of Minister of State. A maximum of 10 Ministers of State could be appointed. On 14 December 1977, Taoiseach Jack Lynch announced that the existing Parliamentary Secretaries would be appointed as Ministers of State in their respective departments with effect from 1 January 1978, and the appointment of three TDs as additional Ministers of State who would also take office on that date.
Decisions of the government
This government approved the Nuclear Energy Board plans for a plant at Carnsore Point to go ahead. Desmond O'Malley, as Minister for Industry, Commerce and Energy, was central to this policy. Later the 16th Government, during the same Dáil, dropped these plans.
Confidence in the government
On 29 May 1979, Frank Cluskey proposed a motion of no confidence in the government, citing the "serious economic mismanagement of the country by the Government". Brian Lenihan, Minister for Fisheries and Forestry, proposed an amendment to the motion expressing "satisfaction at the Government's management of the economy". On the following day, the amendment was carried by a vote of 67 to 46.
Resignation
Shortly after the loss by Fianna Fáil of two by-elections in Cork on 7 November 1979, Jack Lynch resigned as Fianna Fáil leader. Charles Haughey won the leadership election held on 7 December 1979. Lynch resigned as Taoiseach on 11 December 1979.
16th Government of Ireland
The 16th Government was formed by Charles Haughey following the resignation of Jack Lynch.
Nomination of Taoiseach
On 11 December 1979, Haughey was proposed for the nomination of the Dáil for the position of Taoiseach, and this proposal was carried with 82 votes in favour and 62 votes against. Haughey was appointed as Taoiseach by president Patrick Hillery.
Members of the Government
After his appointment as Taoiseach by the president, Charles Haughey proposed the members of the government and they were approved by the Dáil on 12 December. They were appointed by the president on the same day.
Notes
Attorney General
On 11 December 1979, Anthony J. Hederman SC was re-appointed by the president as Attorney General on the nomination of the Taoiseach.
Ministers of State
On 12 December 1979, the Government appointed Ministers of State on the nomination of the Taoiseach.
See also
Dáil Éireann
Constitution of Ireland
Politics of the Republic of Ireland
References
1977 establishments in Ireland
1981 disestablishments in Ireland
21st Dáil
Cabinets established in 1977
Cabinets disestablished in 1981
Governments of Ireland |
The men's 75 kilograms event at the 2002 Asian Games was held on October 4 and October 6, 2002 at the Busan Citizens' Hall in Busan, South Korea.
Schedule
All times are Korea Standard Time (UTC+09:00)
Results
Preliminary round
Final round
References
Preliminary Round
Final Round
Men's 75 kg |
Andrey Ivanovich (; 5 August 1490 – 11 December 1537) was the youngest son of Ivan III of Russia by his second wife Sophia Palaiologina. From 1519, his appanages included Volokolamsk and Staritsa.
Life
When his elder brother Vasily III ascended the throne, Andrey was just 14. Like his other brothers, he was forbidden to marry until Vasily could produce an heir. This did not come to pass until 1530, but it was only two years later, when Vasily's second son was born, that Andrey was finally allowed to find himself a wife. Several months later, on 2 February 1533, he married a Gediminid princess, Yefrosinya Staritskaya, after been given permission by Vasily to marry her. Their only child, Vladimir, was born later that year.
However, the next month, Vasily died. After 40 days of mourning, Andrey applied to his widow Elena Glinskaya for extension of his demesnes. Elena denied him that favour and Andrey departed for Staritsa in anger. There he heard that his only living brother, Yury Ivanovich, had been taken to prison and died there. It is only natural that he declined Elena's emphatic invitations to visit Moscow and lived in Staritsa in seclusion for three following years. He built there a fine cathedral, which still stands.
In 1537, however, it was rumoured that Andrey was going to escape to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Upon hearing the news, Elena closed the Lithuanian border and dispatched her minion, Prince Obolensky, to seize him. Andrey escaped to Novgorod, where he persuaded local nobility to join his cause. Reluctant to appeal to arms, however, he surrendered to the mercy of Obolensky. At Moscow, he was tried and thrown into prison with all his family. He died several months later and was succeeded in Staritsa by his son Vladimir.
Ancestry
References
Bibliography
1490 births
1537 deaths
People from the Grand Duchy of Moscow
Daniilovichi family
15th-century Russian people
16th-century Russian people
People of Byzantine descent
Russian people who died in prison custody
Prisoners who died in Russian detention |
The Baltimore Colts were a professional American football team based in Baltimore, Maryland. The first team to bear the name, it was a member of the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) from 1947 to 1949 and then joined the National Football League (NFL) for one season before folding. The Colts were one of the least successful teams in the AAFC and NFL both on and off the field, winning only 11 of their 54 games in their history. In 1953, Baltimore was granted an expansion team that revived the Colts name. That franchise moved in and became the Indianapolis Colts.
This Colts team's origin lies with the Miami Seahawks, one of the charter franchises of the AAFC. After playing a single disastrous season, the Seahawks were seized by the league, and were purchased and reorganized by a group of businessmen as the Baltimore Colts. The new team struggled through the next three seasons, but managed to grow a sizable fan base in Baltimore. In 1949, the Colts were one of three AAFC teams, along with the San Francisco 49ers and the Cleveland Browns, to be brought into the NFL following the AAFC–NFL merger. They played only during the 1950 season before financial pressures forced them to fold.
History
The All-America Football Conference had initially intended to place a team in Baltimore in its opening 1946 season, but this fell through as its prospective owner, retired boxer Gene Tunney, was unable to secure a stadium deal. Needing an eighth team to avoid byes, the AAFC granted a franchise to a group of Miami-based boosters, who formed the Miami Seahawks.
Unfortunately, the Seahawks were beset with problems: they were in the second-smallest market in the NFL or AAFC (ahead of only Green Bay), while Seahawks owner Harvey Hester was the only AAFC owner who was not a millionaire. The season saw them play seven of their first eight games on the road, and combined with a very poor team, the Seahawks drew a paltry total of 49,151 fans to their seven home games.
At the end of the season, the team was $350,000 in debt, including $80,000 in outstanding travel and payroll costs. This was well beyond Hester's ability to pay, and to make matters worse, his boosters walked away upon realizing the extent of the debt. Hester was subsequently declared bankrupt, leaving AAFC Commissioner Jim Crowley with no option but to seize the franchise.
Five businessmen, led by Washington, D.C. attorney Robert D. Rodenburg, made a bid to purchase the Seahawks' assets and use them to start a new team in Baltimore. The AAFC quickly approved the deal, and the team was reorganized as the Baltimore Colts, a name chosen due to the city's long history of horse racing and breeding. Due to the club's inherited talent drought, the Colts were permitted to recruit a player from each of the AAFC's four strongest teams.
Nevertheless, the Colts struggled financially through the 1947 season, leading the owners to walk away after the season. The team was little better on the field, winning only two games to finish in the Eastern Division basement. Sensing a crisis, the AAFC supplied its three weakest teams (the Colts, the Chicago Rockets and the Brooklyn Dodgers) with superior players. The team found new ownership group, which consisted of 18 area businessmen led by Baltimore Bullets president R. C. Embry, but its financial crisis was not resolved. Embry stepped down as president after the season and was succeeded by general manager Walter Driskill.
Even with more talent the Colts were barely competitive on the field in 1948. However, the Eastern Division was rather poor that year; none of its four teams tallied a winning record. The Colts tied for first with the Buffalo Bills with a 7–7 record, and lost the division championship playoff to the Bills. The team then regressed in 1949, finishing dead last with a 1–11 record.
In 1948, both the AAFC and the NFL were struggling, and determined that the continued viability of professional football depended on a merger between the leagues. The leagues began negotiating a deal in which three AAFC teams would be brought into the NFL, and the owners of the others would be compensated for their interest. The Cleveland Browns and San Francisco 49ers, clearly the AAFC's strongest teams, were obvious choices.
It initially appeared that the Bills would be the third team in the merger. However, the Colts' owners pressed to be included in the Bills' place, even though they were one of the weakest teams in the league, but George Preston Marshall, owner of the Washington Redskins, initially refused to cooperate. He considered Baltimore to be part of his home territory, and believed the Colts would infringe on his rights. Marshall finally relented in exchange for the Colts paying him $150,000. With this obstacle overcome, the merger was finalized, and the Colts were brought into the NFL. In order to improve the team's financial picture, ownership decided to have a businessman run the team in 1950 and selected Abraham Watner, the president of a Baltimore cemetery firm, to serve as president. Driskill remained on as the team's general manager.
The Bills were arguably a better choice for entry into the NFL; they were in a more isolated market, had stronger attendance and performed better on the field. The newly merged league's owners scheduled a second vote to add the Bills in order to balance the schedule. However, in those days, adding a new team required a unanimous vote, and the Chicago Bears's George Halas and the Los Angeles Rams' Dan Reeves persuaded two other clubs to vote with them in blocking the merger. (The Bills were not the same team as the modern Buffalo Bills, a charter American Football League franchise which joined the NFL in 1970 as part of the AFL-NFL merger.)
The Colts were nominally part of the "National Conference" along with the other eastern teams in the merged league, but unlike the other twelve teams, Baltimore was scheduled as a "swing team" and played every team in the NFL over the course of the 1950 season; the other twelve teams played a double round robin schedule in their conference, plus one crossover game with the opposing conference and a game with Baltimore.
Despite the addition of the Bills players, the Colts struggled through the 1950 season, ending with a record of 1–11–0.
Facing a financial crisis, Colts president Abraham Watner sold the team and its player contracts back to the NFL for $50,000, and the team officially folded. Despite this, fan support continued in many quarters: notably, the team's marching band and fan club remained intact.
As of , this is the last time the NFL has outright contracted a franchise. The following year, the New York Yanks folded, but their player contracts were acquired by the Dallas Texans, who were ostensibly a new franchise. After only one season, that team was also dissolved and its assets were purchased by another new franchise, the present-day Colts, ending Baltimore's absence from the NFL after only two seasons. Since their return to the league the Colts are considered to have begun play in 1953, and are not a continuation of the original Colts, Yanks, Texans or any other franchise.
Season-by-season
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center; ;" | Baltimore Colts
|-
| 1947 || 2 || 11 || 1 || 4th AAFC East || –
|-
| 1948 || 7 || 7 || 0 || 2nd AAFC East || Lost Eastern Division Championship Buffalo 28, Baltimore 17
|-
| 1949 || 1 || 11 || 0 || 7th AAFC || –
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;" | Merged into NFL
|-
| 1950 || 1 || 11 || 0 || 7th National || –
|-
!Totals || 11 || 40 || 1
|colspan="2"|
First round draft picks
Pro Football Hall of Famers
Radio announcers
Notes
References
1947 establishments in Maryland
1950 disestablishments in Maryland |
Social interactionist theory (SIT) is an explanation of language development emphasizing the role of social interaction between the developing child and linguistically knowledgeable adults. It is based largely on the socio-cultural theories of Soviet psychologist, Lev Vygotsky.
Initial stages
Approach to language acquisition research has focused on three areas, namely the cognitive approach to language acquisition or the developmental cognitive theory of Jean Piaget, the information processing approach or the information processing model of Brian MacWhinney and Elizabeth Bates (the competition model), and the social interactionist approach or social interaction model of Lev Vygotsky (socio-cultural theory). Although the initial research was essentially descriptive in an attempt to describe language development from the stand point of social development, more recently, researchers have been attempting to explain a few varieties of acquisition in which learner factors lead to differential acquisition by the process of socialization; called the theory of "social interactionist approach".
Socio-cultural theory
Vygotsky, a psychologist and social constructivist, laid the foundation for the interactionists view of language acquisition. According to Vygotsky, social interaction plays an important role in the learning process and proposed the zone of proximal development (ZPD) where learners construct the new language through socially mediated interaction. Vygotsky's social-development theory was adopted and made prominent in the Western world though by Jerome Bruner who laid the foundations of a model of language development in the context of adult-child interaction.
Under the social interactionist approach, a child's language development occurs within the child's construction of a social world, also known as the "social-cognitive model". (Behaviorism, by contrast, emphasizes the role of stimulus-response conditioning in language acquisition.)
Under SIT, the deepest level of representation specifies the communicative intent primarily and semantic content secondarily. This approach to language acquisition theory combines the "traditional behavioral" approach and "linguistic-semantic" approach to language production. Under SIT, language acquisition is thought to occur differently than under other predominant theories. It emphasizes how environment shapes acquisition. This is more relevant with regard to children's acquisition than with adult acquisition. Two open questions remain for SIT. One, how does a child's knowledge change in the course of development? Two, how is- or how was- the existing language system of an adult formed?
Social integrationists describe a dynamic system where typically children cue their parents into supplying the appropriate language experience that children require for language advancement. In essence, that allows efficient communication despite its primitives. (By contrast, the behavioral approach posits that children are passive beneficiaries of the language training techniques employed by their parents. Also by contrast, the linguistic approach posits that children are active language processors of whose maturing neural systems guide development.)
Current strand
Social-interactionists, such as Alison Gopnik, Andrew Meltzoff, Anat Ninio, Roy Pea, Catherine Snow, and Ernest Moerk theorize that interaction with adults plays an important part in children's language acquisition. However, some researchers such as Bambi B. Schieffelin and Elinor Ochs claim that the empirical data on which theories of social interactionism are based have often been over-representative of middle class American and European parent-child interactions. Anthropological studies of other human cultures, as well as low-educated Western families, suggests rather that many of the world's children are not spoken to in a manner documented for educated Western families, but nevertheless grow up to be fully fluent language users. Many researchers now take this into account in their analyses.
In addition, social interactionists criticize the claim made by Noam Chomsky according to which the linguistic input children are presented with by adults addressing them, is full of errors and discontinuities. Another argument of nativists on which interactionists provide contrary empirical evidence is the availability of negative feedback on, and corrections of, children's errors. Moerk (1994) conducted a meta-analysis of 40 studies and found substantial evidence that corrections do indeed play a role. From this work, corrections are not only abundant but contingent on the mistakes of the child. (see behavior analysis of child development).
References
Language acquisition |
Grudzielec Nowy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Raszków, within Ostrów Wielkopolski County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately north of Raszków, north of Ostrów Wielkopolski, and south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
References
Grudzielec Nowy |
Bahmanabad-e Jadid (, also Romanized as Bahmanābād-e Jadīd; also known as Bahmanābād) is a village in Shaskuh Rural District, Central District, Zirkuh County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,226, in 269 families.
References
Populated places in Zirkuh County |
```kotlin
package de.westnordost.streetcomplete.quests.sidewalk
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.data.osm.geometry.ElementPolylinesGeometry
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.quests.TestMapDataWithGeometry
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.testutils.p
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.testutils.way
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.util.math.translate
import kotlin.test.Test
import kotlin.test.assertEquals
import kotlin.test.assertTrue
class AddSidewalkTest {
private val questType = AddSidewalk()
@Test fun `not applicable to road with sidewalk`() {
val road = way(tags = mapOf(
"highway" to "primary",
"sidewalk" to "both"
))
val mapData = TestMapDataWithGeometry(listOf(road))
assertEquals(0, questType.getApplicableElements(mapData).toList().size)
assertEquals(false, questType.isApplicableTo(road))
}
@Test fun `applicable to road with missing sidewalk`() {
val road = way(tags = mapOf(
"highway" to "primary",
"lit" to "yes"
))
val mapData = TestMapDataWithGeometry(listOf(road))
assertEquals(1, questType.getApplicableElements(mapData).toList().size)
assertTrue(questType.isApplicableTo(road))
}
@Test fun `applicable to road with incomplete sidewalk tagging`() {
val road = way(tags = mapOf(
"highway" to "residential",
"sidewalk:left" to "yes"
))
val mapData = TestMapDataWithGeometry(listOf(road))
assertEquals(1, questType.getApplicableElements(mapData).toList().size)
assertTrue(questType.isApplicableTo(road))
}
@Test fun `applicable to road with invalid sidewalk tagging`() {
val road = way(tags = mapOf(
"highway" to "residential",
"sidewalk" to "something"
))
val footway = way(2, listOf(3, 4), mapOf(
"highway" to "footway"
))
val mapData = TestMapDataWithGeometry(listOf(road, footway))
val p1 = p(0.0, 0.0)
val p2 = p1.translate(50.0, 45.0)
val p3 = p1.translate(13.0, 135.0)
val p4 = p3.translate(50.0, 45.0)
mapData.wayGeometriesById[1L] = ElementPolylinesGeometry(listOf(listOf(p1, p2)), p1)
mapData.wayGeometriesById[2L] = ElementPolylinesGeometry(listOf(listOf(p3, p4)), p3)
assertEquals(1, questType.getApplicableElements(mapData).toList().size)
assertTrue(questType.isApplicableTo(road))
}
@Test fun `applicable to road with overloaded sidewalk tagging`() {
val road = way(tags = mapOf(
"highway" to "residential",
"sidewalk" to "left",
"sidewalk:right" to "yes"
))
val footway = way(2, listOf(3, 4), mapOf(
"highway" to "footway"
))
val mapData = TestMapDataWithGeometry(listOf(road, footway))
val p1 = p(0.0, 0.0)
val p2 = p1.translate(50.0, 45.0)
val p3 = p1.translate(13.0, 135.0)
val p4 = p3.translate(50.0, 45.0)
mapData.wayGeometriesById[1L] = ElementPolylinesGeometry(listOf(listOf(p1, p2)), p1)
mapData.wayGeometriesById[2L] = ElementPolylinesGeometry(listOf(listOf(p3, p4)), p3)
assertEquals(1, questType.getApplicableElements(mapData).toList().size)
assertTrue(questType.isApplicableTo(road))
}
@Test fun `not applicable to motorways`() {
val road = way(tags = mapOf(
"highway" to "motorway",
))
val mapData = TestMapDataWithGeometry(listOf(road))
assertEquals(0, questType.getApplicableElements(mapData).toList().size)
assertEquals(false, questType.isApplicableTo(road))
}
@Test fun `applicable to motorways marked as legally accessible to pedestrians`() {
val road = way(tags = mapOf(
"highway" to "motorway",
"foot" to "yes"
))
val mapData = TestMapDataWithGeometry(listOf(road))
assertEquals(1, questType.getApplicableElements(mapData).toList().size)
assertTrue(questType.isApplicableTo(road))
}
@Test fun `applicable to motorways marked as legally accessible to pedestrians and with tagged speed limit`() {
val road = way(tags = mapOf(
"highway" to "motorway",
"foot" to "yes",
"maxspeed" to "65 mph",
))
val mapData = TestMapDataWithGeometry(listOf(road))
assertEquals(1, questType.getApplicableElements(mapData).toList().size)
assertTrue(questType.isApplicableTo(road))
}
@Test fun `not applicable to road with very low speed limit`() {
val road = way(tags = mapOf(
"highway" to "residential",
"maxspeed" to "9",
))
val mapData = TestMapDataWithGeometry(listOf(road))
assertEquals(0, questType.getApplicableElements(mapData).toList().size)
assertEquals(false, questType.isApplicableTo(road))
}
@Test fun `applicable to road with implicit speed limit`() {
val road = way(tags = mapOf(
"highway" to "primary",
"maxspeed" to "DE:zone30",
))
val mapData = TestMapDataWithGeometry(listOf(road))
assertEquals(1, questType.getApplicableElements(mapData).toList().size)
assertTrue(questType.isApplicableTo(road))
}
@Test fun `applicable to road with urban speed limit`() {
val road = way(tags = mapOf(
"highway" to "primary",
"maxspeed" to "60",
))
val mapData = TestMapDataWithGeometry(listOf(road))
assertEquals(1, questType.getApplicableElements(mapData).toList().size)
assertTrue(questType.isApplicableTo(road))
}
}
``` |
Manuripi Airport is an airstrip serving the settlement of Manuripi on the Manuripi River in the Pando Department of Bolivia.
See also
Transport in Bolivia
List of airports in Bolivia
References
External links
OurAirports - Manuripi
FallingRain - Manuripi Airport
Bing Maps - Manuripi
Airports in Pando Department |
The Roman temple of Vic is an ancient Roman temple located in the uptown area of Vic (Street Pare Xifrer), in the heart of Osona, Catalonia (Spain).
History
The building dates from the early 2nd century, the golden age of the Roman Empire. Temples were a basic part of every Roman city, yet the location of this one was unknown until the late date of 1882. If it was still in use by the 4th-century, the temple would have been closed during the persecution of pagans under the Christian emperors. In the 11th century, the temple was literally covered by the structure of the Castle of els Montcada, which later became the residence of the Veguers and finally, the prison of Vic. It was not until 1882, during the demolition of the old castle, that the workers spotted the Roman temple in very good condition. However the portico is a reconstruction made following the discovery of the columns and capitals.
Architecture
Despite the many uses it saw, the condition of the temple is enough to let us imagine how it would have been originally. The columned portico towers above the podium, which is accessed via a front staircase, is in part reproduced copying the original elements found during its reconstruction. The columns are smooth, with the Corinthian capitals and entablature crowning the cella.
See also
List of Ancient Roman temples
References
External links
The Roman Temple, at Patronat de Estudis Osonencs
Vic
Roman temples in Spain
Temple of Vic
2nd-century religious buildings and structures |
K. Raman was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an Indian National Congress candidate from Rajapalayam constituency in 1984 election.
References
Tamil Nadu MLAs 1985–1989
Indian National Congress politicians from Tamil Nadu
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Madhavapeddi is an Indian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Madhavapeddi Satyam (1922–2000), Telugu singer and stage actor
Madhavapeddi Suresh (born 1951), Indian music composer
Surnames of Indian origin |
The Treaty of the Bogue () was a treaty between China and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, concluded in October 1843 to supplement the previous Treaty of Nanking. The treaty's key provisions granted extraterritoriality and most favored nation status to Britain.
Background
In order to conclude the First Opium War, imperial commissioner Qiying and Henry Pottinger concluded the Treaty of Nanjing aboard the British warship HMS Cornwallis in 1842 in Nanjing on the behalf of Britain and the Chinese Qing dynasty. The treaty became the first of a series of commercial treaties, often referred to as "unequal treaties", which China concluded against its wishes with Western powers.
Terms
During the negotiations in Nanjing, China and Britain had agreed that a supplementary treaty be concluded, and on 22July 1843 the two parties promulgated the "General Regulations of Trade with Britain and China" in Canton (Guangzhou). These regulations were included in the "Treaty of the Bogue," which Qiying and Pottinger signed on 8October 1843 on the Bogue outside Canton.
The treaty laid down detailed regulations for Sino-British trade and specified terms under which Britons could reside in the newly opened ports of Shanghai, Ningbo, Xiamen (Amoy), Fuzhou, and Canton. While Britons were allowed to buy property in the treaty ports and reside there with their families, they were not allowed to travel to the interior of China or trade there.
The treaty also granted extraterritorial privileges to British subjects and most Favored Nation status to Great Britain, which meant that the latter would enjoy any privilege granted to other powers.
Aftermath
In China, the treaty is widely regarded as an imperialist one, which paved the way for the subjugation of China to Western imperialism. The treaty consolidated the "opening" of China to foreign trade in the wake of the First Opium War and allowed Britons to reside in parts of China, which had not been opened to foreigners before. In 1845, local Qing authorities and the British authorities promulgated the Shanghai Land regulations, which paved the way for the foundation of the Shanghai International Settlement. Similar agreements were concluded in other treaty ports, which created a social divide between the Europeans and Chinese citizens in the cities.
See also
Unequal treaties
First and Second Opium Wars
Imperialism in Asia
Anglo-Chinese relations
References
Fairbank, John King. Trade and Diplomacy on the China Coast: The Opening of the Treaty Ports, 1842-1854. 2 vols. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1953.
Hertslet, Edward, ed. Treaties, &C., between Great Britain and China; and between China and Foreign Powers; Orders in Council, Rules, Regulations, Acts of Parliament, Decrees, and Notifications Affecting British Interests in China, in Force on the 1st January, 1896. 2 vols. London: Homson, 1896.
Bogue
Bogue
China–United Kingdom relations
1843 in China
1843 in the United Kingdom
1843 treaties
Bogue
1843 in British law |
Sifiso Vilakazi (born 11 September 1979 in South Africa) is a South African retired footballer.
Career
While playing for Bidvest Wits, Vilakazi received an offer from Orlando Pirates, one of the most successful teams in South Africa, but declined it due to his age and also because he wanted to retire at Bidvest Wits, a decision he later regretted. Instead, Vilakazi moved to AmaZulu, but regretted it after playing less than he expected, despite earning more money.
References
External links
Sifiso Vilakazi at Soccerway
South African men's soccer players
Living people
Men's association football forwards
1979 births
Bidvest Wits F.C. players
Cape Town Spurs F.C. players
AmaZulu F.C. players
Royal Eagles F.C. players |
SCRYE (Scrye Collectible Card Game Checklist and Price Guide) was a gaming magazine published from 1994 to April 2009 by Scrye, Inc. It was the longest-running periodical to have reported on the collectible card game hobby. It was also the leading print resource for secondary-market prices on Magic: The Gathering. The name, a registered trademark, is adapted from the Middle English word scry meaning "to foretell the future through a suitable medium".
History
JM White, publisher of the role-playing game magazine Cryptych, launched the magazine in mid-1994 after being introduced to Magic by its publisher, Wizards of the Coast's Peter Adkison, in July 1993. Issue #4, dated February 1995, was the first issue to carry a publication date, leaving the magazine's exact launch date difficult to determine.
In 1996 SCRYE published a second magazine as a market test. The magazine Mastyr, covered tournament Magic. Sales were not strong enough to support a separate publication and the features of Mastyr were rolled into SCRYE after a single issue.
White sold the magazine on November 15, 1999, to Krause Publications, which was later acquired by F+W Publications Inc. John Jackson Miller became the editor and added collectible miniatures game coverage to the magazine in 2000 prior to the release of Mage Knight. Under later editor Joyce Greenholdt, the magazine's frequency increased to monthly. Miller and Greenholdt also produced two volumes in 2001 and 2003 covering all collectible card and miniature games to date, the Scrye Collectible Card Game Checklist and Price Guide.
On Nov. 15, 2006, the magazine's publisher purchased gamingreport.com, an independent game news site, to serve as the official website for the magazine.
On January 29, 2009, the magazine's publisher sent an email to staff and contributors of SCRYE announcing their intent to cease publication of the magazine after the April 2009 edition, the magazine's 131st regular issue. In that issue, the magazine's editors suggested that the decision to cease publication was due, at least in part, to financial problems resulting from the economic crisis in the United States: "The reason behind this decision should come as no surprise to anyone who's been paying attention to recent events, both within our hobby and in the world in general...as things stand, we cannot continue to publish the magazine profitably while still providing the level of quality entertainment and information that you, our readers, need and deserve in exchange for your money."
Contents and influence
Initially created as a price guide for Magic: The Gathering cards, SCRYE also provided prices and strategy tips for the many other collectible and trading card games that followed. In the mid-1990s, SCRYE and InQuest were, by far, the two CCG magazines with the largest circulation.
When collectible card games underwent a second surge of popularity in the United States with the 1999 release of Pokémon, White added translations of Japanese cards to the magazine.
The magazine has produced a number of affiliated one-shot publications, including ones devoted to Pokémon, Magic, and The Lord of the Rings collectible card games. The "Scrye counter", one of the earliest pewter miniature scorekeeping devices specifically designed for collectible card games, was produced in the mid-1990s by Reaper Miniatures through a licensing agreement with the magazine.
Reviews
Dragon #212 (December 1994) p94
References
External links
Scrye on the Internet Archive
Card game magazines
Defunct magazines published in the United States
Magazines disestablished in 2009
Magazines established in 1994
Magazines published in the United States
Mage Knight
Magic: The Gathering publications
Monthly magazines published in the United States |
In mathematics and particularly in algebra, a system of equations (either linear or nonlinear) is called consistent if there is at least one set of values for the unknowns that satisfies each equation in the system—that is, when substituted into each of the equations, they make each equation hold true as an identity. In contrast, a linear or non linear equation system is called inconsistent if there is no set of values for the unknowns that satisfies all of the equations.
If a system of equations is inconsistent, then it is possible to manipulate and combine the equations in such a way as to obtain contradictory information, such as , or and (which implies ).
Both types of equation system, consistent and inconsistent, can be any of overdetermined (having more equations than unknowns), underdetermined (having fewer equations than unknowns), or exactly determined.
Simple examples
Underdetermined and consistent
The system
has an infinite number of solutions, all of them having (as can be seen by subtracting the first equation from the second), and all of them therefore having for any values of and .
The nonlinear system
has an infinitude of solutions, all involving
Since each of these systems has more than one solution, it is an indeterminate system.
Underdetermined and inconsistent
The system
has no solutions, as can be seen by subtracting the first equation from the second to obtain the impossible .
The non-linear system
has no solutions, because if one equation is subtracted from the other we obtain the impossible .
Exactly determined and consistent
The system
has exactly one solution: .
The nonlinear system
has the two solutions and , while
has an infinite number of solutions because the third equation is the first equation plus twice the second one and hence contains no independent information; thus any value of can be chosen and values of and can be found to satisfy the first two (and hence the third) equations.
Exactly determined and inconsistent
The system
has no solutions; the inconsistency can be seen by multiplying the first equation by 4 and subtracting the second equation to obtain the impossible .
Likewise,
is an inconsistent system because the first equation plus twice the second minus the third contains the contradiction .
Overdetermined and consistent
The system
has a solution, , because the first two equations do not contradict each other and the third equation is redundant (since it contains the same information as can be obtained from the first two equations by multiplying each through by 2 and summing them).
The system
has an infinitude of solutions since all three equations give the same information as each other (as can be seen by multiplying through the first equation by either 3 or 7). Any value of is part of a solution, with the corresponding value of being .
The nonlinear system
has the three solutions .
Overdetermined and inconsistent
The system
is inconsistent because the last equation contradicts the information embedded in the first two, as seen by multiplying each of the first two through by 2 and summing them.
The system
is inconsistent because the sum of the first two equations contradicts the third one.
Criteria for consistency
As can be seen from the above examples, consistency versus inconsistency is a different issue from comparing the numbers of equations and unknowns.
Linear systems
A linear system is consistent if and only if its coefficient matrix has the same rank as does its augmented matrix (the coefficient matrix with an extra column added, that column being the column vector of constants).
Nonlinear systems
References
Equations
Algebra |
William Michael Crose (February 8, 1867 – April 4, 1929) was a United States Navy Captain and the seventh Naval Governor of American Samoa, from November 10, 1910 to March 14, 1913. He was the first person designated "Governor of American Samoa", rather than the previous "Governor of Tutuila".
Life and career
Early life
Crose was born in Greencastle, Indiana on February 8, 1867. He was appointed to the United States Naval Academy on May 19, 1884 and graduated in 1888.
Naval career
The United States Department of the Navy awarded Crose the Navy Cross for "exceptionally meritorious service in a duty of great responsibility as Commanding Officer of the U.S.S. NORTH DAKOTA in the Atlantic Fleet, during World War I." On July 1, 1890, Crose was commissioned into the United States Navy as an ensign. On May 10, 1898, he became a lieutenant (junior grade), and a lieutenant on March 3, 1898. He was stationed on in 1888, in 1890, the Naval Hydrographic office in 1894, in 1895, the same year, the Bureau of Equipment in 1898, and in 1900.
Governorship
On November 10, 1910, Crose relieved Captain John Frederick Parker of command of United States Naval Station Tutuila, becoming the seventh Naval Governor of American Samoa. While Governor, Crose appointed a board of education, composed of a naval chaplain, a naval assistant surgeon, and the wife of a local school teacher. He also pushed for the renaming of the island Naval Post, claiming the name Tutuila was inadequate, as the territory contained additional islands other than Tutuila, and recommending a new name of either "American Samoa" or "Eastern Samoa", a wish he expressed to the Secretary of the Navy in a 1911 letter. On July 17, 1911, the island was officially designated "American Samoa", and President of the United States William Howard Taft recommissioned Crose as "Governor of American Samoa", rather than "Governor of Tutuila" on October 24, 1912.
Crose also amended laws on firearms, perjury, road maintenance, and importation of animals. On March 14, 1913, Crose transferred command to Nathan Woodworth Post.
Post-governorship
Crose died in San Diego on April 4, 1929, and was buried at sea.
Notes
References
1867 births
1929 deaths
Governors of American Samoa
People from Greencastle, Indiana
American military personnel of World War I
Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States)
United States Naval Academy alumni
United States Navy officers
Military personnel from Indiana
Burials at sea |
Anna Nowak-Ibisz (born 10 October 1966) is a Polish actress and TV presenter.
Career
In 1989 Nowak graduated from the Acting Department of the Łódź Film School, and then until 1993, she was associated with the Studio Theater in Warsaw. She made her theater debut on 24 February 1990. In the years 1990–2009, she played the role of a Polish immigrant Urszula Winicka in the series Lindenstraße, the first soap opera on German television. From 8 March to 26 April 2009, she participated in the ninth edition of the TVN entertainment program Taniec z Gwiazdami, and together with Cezary Olszewski, she took fifth place. Since 2011, she has been running the program Pani gadget, and from 2019 also Pani gadget erotic, both broadcast on TVN Style. In 2017, she took part in the advertising campaign of the Winiary food brand.
Personal life
From 2005 to 2009, Nowak was the wife of Krzysztof Ibisz, with whom she has a son, Vincent (born in 2006).
References
External links
1966 births
Living people
Actresses from Warsaw
Polish film actresses
Polish soap opera actresses
Polish television actresses
Polish women television presenters |
Mustin is a municipality in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
Mustin may also refer to:
Mustin, Schleswig-Holstein, a municipality in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
Mustin family, an American family with a tradition of service in the United States Navy
Henry C. Mustin (disambiguation)
Burt Mustin (1884–1977), American actor
, the name of more than one United States Navy ship
See also |
```javascript
/*
* Author: Abdullah A Almsaeed
* Date: 4 Jan 2014
* Description:
* This is a demo file used only for the main dashboard (index.html)
**/
$(function () {
"use strict";
//Make the dashboard widgets sortable Using jquery UI
$(".connectedSortable").sortable({
placeholder: "sort-highlight",
connectWith: ".connectedSortable",
handle: ".box-header, .nav-tabs",
forcePlaceholderSize: true,
zIndex: 999999
});
$(".connectedSortable .box-header, .connectedSortable .nav-tabs-custom").css("cursor", "move");
//jQuery UI sortable for the todo list
$(".todo-list").sortable({
placeholder: "sort-highlight",
handle: ".handle",
forcePlaceholderSize: true,
zIndex: 999999
});
//bootstrap WYSIHTML5 - text editor
$(".textarea").wysihtml5();
$('.daterange').daterangepicker({
ranges: {
'Today': [moment(), moment()],
'Yesterday': [moment().subtract(1, 'days'), moment().subtract(1, 'days')],
'Last 7 Days': [moment().subtract(6, 'days'), moment()],
'Last 30 Days': [moment().subtract(29, 'days'), moment()],
'This Month': [moment().startOf('month'), moment().endOf('month')],
'Last Month': [moment().subtract(1, 'month').startOf('month'), moment().subtract(1, 'month').endOf('month')]
},
startDate: moment().subtract(29, 'days'),
endDate: moment()
}, function (start, end) {
window.alert("You chose: " + start.format('MMMM D, YYYY') + ' - ' + end.format('MMMM D, YYYY'));
});
/* jQueryKnob */
$(".knob").knob();
//jvectormap data
var visitorsData = {
"US": 398, //USA
"SA": 400, //Saudi Arabia
"CA": 1000, //Canada
"DE": 500, //Germany
"FR": 760, //France
"CN": 300, //China
"AU": 700, //Australia
"BR": 600, //Brazil
"IN": 800, //India
"GB": 320, //Great Britain
"RU": 3000 //Russia
};
//World map by jvectormap
$('#world-map').vectorMap({
map: 'world_mill_en',
backgroundColor: "transparent",
regionStyle: {
initial: {
fill: '#e4e4e4',
"fill-opacity": 1,
stroke: 'none',
"stroke-width": 0,
"stroke-opacity": 1
}
},
series: {
regions: [{
values: visitorsData,
scale: ["#92c1dc", "#ebf4f9"],
normalizeFunction: 'polynomial'
}]
},
onRegionLabelShow: function (e, el, code) {
if (typeof visitorsData[code] != "undefined")
el.html(el.html() + ': ' + visitorsData[code] + ' new visitors');
}
});
//Sparkline charts
var myvalues = [1000, 1200, 920, 927, 931, 1027, 819, 930, 1021];
$('#sparkline-1').sparkline(myvalues, {
type: 'line',
lineColor: '#92c1dc',
fillColor: "#ebf4f9",
height: '50',
width: '80'
});
myvalues = [515, 519, 520, 522, 652, 810, 370, 627, 319, 630, 921];
$('#sparkline-2').sparkline(myvalues, {
type: 'line',
lineColor: '#92c1dc',
fillColor: "#ebf4f9",
height: '50',
width: '80'
});
myvalues = [15, 19, 20, 22, 33, 27, 31, 27, 19, 30, 21];
$('#sparkline-3').sparkline(myvalues, {
type: 'line',
lineColor: '#92c1dc',
fillColor: "#ebf4f9",
height: '50',
width: '80'
});
//The Calender
$("#calendar").datepicker();
//SLIMSCROLL FOR CHAT WIDGET
$('#chat-box').slimScroll({
height: '250px'
});
/* Morris.js Charts */
// Sales chart
var area = new Morris.Area({
element: 'revenue-chart',
resize: true,
data: [
{y: '2011 Q1', item1: 2666, item2: 2666},
{y: '2011 Q2', item1: 2778, item2: 2294},
{y: '2011 Q3', item1: 4912, item2: 1969},
{y: '2011 Q4', item1: 3767, item2: 3597},
{y: '2012 Q1', item1: 6810, item2: 1914},
{y: '2012 Q2', item1: 5670, item2: 4293},
{y: '2012 Q3', item1: 4820, item2: 3795},
{y: '2012 Q4', item1: 15073, item2: 5967},
{y: '2013 Q1', item1: 10687, item2: 4460},
{y: '2013 Q2', item1: 8432, item2: 5713}
],
xkey: 'y',
ykeys: ['item1', 'item2'],
labels: ['Item 1', 'Item 2'],
lineColors: ['#a0d0e0', '#3c8dbc'],
hideHover: 'auto'
});
var line = new Morris.Line({
element: 'line-chart',
resize: true,
data: [
{y: '2011 Q1', item1: 2666},
{y: '2011 Q2', item1: 2778},
{y: '2011 Q3', item1: 4912},
{y: '2011 Q4', item1: 3767},
{y: '2012 Q1', item1: 6810},
{y: '2012 Q2', item1: 5670},
{y: '2012 Q3', item1: 4820},
{y: '2012 Q4', item1: 15073},
{y: '2013 Q1', item1: 10687},
{y: '2013 Q2', item1: 8432}
],
xkey: 'y',
ykeys: ['item1'],
labels: ['Item 1'],
lineColors: ['#efefef'],
lineWidth: 2,
hideHover: 'auto',
gridTextColor: "#fff",
gridStrokeWidth: 0.4,
pointSize: 4,
pointStrokeColors: ["#efefef"],
gridLineColor: "#efefef",
gridTextFamily: "Open Sans",
gridTextSize: 10
});
//Donut Chart
var donut = new Morris.Donut({
element: 'sales-chart',
resize: true,
colors: ["#3c8dbc", "#f56954", "#00a65a"],
data: [
{label: "Download Sales", value: 12},
{label: "In-Store Sales", value: 30},
{label: "Mail-Order Sales", value: 20}
],
hideHover: 'auto'
});
//Fix for charts under tabs
$('.box ul.nav a').on('shown.bs.tab', function () {
area.redraw();
donut.redraw();
line.redraw();
});
/* The todo list plugin */
$(".todo-list").todolist({
onCheck: function (ele) {
window.console.log("The element has been checked");
return ele;
},
onUncheck: function (ele) {
window.console.log("The element has been unchecked");
return ele;
}
});
});
``` |
"The Disintegration Machine" is a science fiction short story by British writer Arthur Conan Doyle. It was first published in The Strand Magazine in January 1929. The story centres on the discovery of a machine capable of disintegrating objects and reforming them as they were. This short story is a part of the "Challenger series", a collection of stories about the wealthy eccentric adventurer Professor Challenger.
Plot summary
Professor Challenger, a big burly man, is arguing with people who are persistently calling him on the telephone when his young friend Malone, a reporter for The Daily Gazette, enters and requests Challenger accompany him to inspect the discovery of Theodore Nemor, who claims to have invented a machine capable of disintegrating objects. Skeptical of the invention, Challenger accepts Malone's proposal and accompanies him to the house of Nemor.
At first Nemor offers to disintegrate Challenger and put him back together to demonstrate the machine, but Malone convinces Challenger that should the machine fail to restore him, his scientific work would go unfinished, and thus Malone nominates himself to be disintegrated.
Malone is successfully disintegrated and put back together and Challenger then undergoes the same treatment. As punishment for Challenger's lack of faith in the invention and lack of courtesy to Nemor, the inventor restores the professor without any hair. In a fury, Challenger assaults Nemor, throws him to the floor and threatens his life should he not restore the professor to his previous state. Nemor restores Challenger's hair and Challenger congratulates him on his machine and inquires as to its practical application. Nemor boasts that in the hands of the Russians, who were the highest bidder for the rights to the invention, London and its millions of inhabitants could be destroyed.
After ascertaining whether any others know the secret of the machine, Challenger inspects it. Challenger claims that a small amount of electricity is leaking from the chair on which he sat when he was disintegrated. Nemor refutes this and sits himself in the chair in an attempt to feel this electricity. Challenger then disintegrates him and, considering it is for the greater good, he and Malone leave without restoring Nemor.
See also
1929 in science fiction
External links
"The Disintegration Machine" (e-text) at the Classic Literature Library
The Disintegration Machine audiobook with video at YouTube
The Disintegration Machine audiobook at Libsyn
1929 short stories
Science fiction short stories
Professor Challenger short stories
Works originally published in The Strand Magazine |
Poktanju () translated literally as "bomb liquor" or "bomb shot", is a cocktail that is made by mixing soju or whiskey and beer. A poktanju consists of a shot glass of soju or whiskey dropped into a pint of beer; it is drunk quickly. It is considered to be a ritual drinking activity among office workers, friends, and colleagues. Other possible names for poktanju are boilermaker, bomb shot, bomb drink, somaek, or maekju.
Korean society and drinking culture
In Korea, the act of partaking in drinking is the equivalent of socializing over dinner. Many Koreans view drinking as the quickest way to solidify bonds between family members, friends, and colleagues. "According to a 2013 survey...conducted in collaboration with the Korea Alcohol and Liquor Industry Association, a large majority of Korean people (71.8 percent) regard drinking as a necessary element of social life in Korea, particularly significant for men (65.8 percent)". In a study to identify behaviors and the culture of drinking alcohol in Korean People it was found that most behaviors were in the domain of leisure time. "Drinking for two or more times a month and binge drinking were mainly concentrated in five occasions types: going out with friends (44.2%), going out with colleague (34.2%), drinking at home or friend’s home with friends (32.9%), drinking at home alone (29.3%), and drinking with meals at home (27.5%)." Social gatherings including alcohol usually involve participants becoming exceedingly drunk. Ritual Drinking, such as the poktanju, has been integral to the drinking culture of Korea. Since many Koreans feel being drunk is necessary in order to be openly honest with the individuals they are socializing with, poktanju became the cheap, ideal alternative to expensive drinks like whiskey, allowing individuals to become drunk inexpensively.
Origins of poktanju
The origins of poktanju begin first with the origins of soju, the primary ingredient in Korean bomb shot. "Soju is distilled from rice, barley, and koji (a cultured grain), and cheaper brands are made from sweet potatoes." "Soju originated in 14th century Goryeo, when Mongol invaders led by Genghis Khan introduced the Levantine distilling technique from Arabia to the Korean Peninsula." Over time, Koreans learned to distill soju from rice and other grains and eventually we have the popular distilled rice wine that exists today.
There are three theories as to how poktanju originally became a cultural phenomenon in Korea, though the agreeance between the theories is that it originated sometime between the 1960's and the 1980's. The first theory is that poktanju emerged when binge drinking became a trend in Korea amongst salaried workers. "Amid rapid economic growth, salaried workers were forced to work hard and found no way to relieve their mounting stress other than heavy drinking"; poktanju became the inexpensive way for workers to bombard their senses and binge on alcohol. The second theory of the origins of poktanju are that it began in the Korean military. "It is believed that the military introduced poktanju to Korean society first. Portal websites also say soldiers who studied in the U.S. in the 1960s and 70s first introduced it to Korea." The third theory is that the "current style of poktanju ― beer with a shot of whisky ― made its Korean debut in the early 1980s, at a meeting between prosecutors, policemen and journalists in Chuncheon, Gangwon province."
Poktanju: A rite of passage
Poktanju is consumed in the traditional Korean "bottoms up style" often referred to as "one shot." The consumer downs the cocktail quickly "then shakes the empty glass with the shot still inside to make a ringing sound, followed by applause of other drinking partners, and it is passed to the next person." Poktanju, or the "bomb-drink" came about due to social meetings resulting in heavy drinking. "As its name suggests, its main goal is to bombard the drinker with a heavy dose of alcohol until he or she nearly passes out." "A foreigner traveling in Korea and socializing with the locals is likely to be bombarded with such cocktails, which have long been a hallmark of the Korean drinking culture." In March when universities welcome new students, welcoming ceremonies are conducted. "The welcoming ceremonies usually involve binge-drinking events, which generally take the form of all-night sessions in a bar downing boilermaker "bombs"." In the military, "Poktanju symbolized power." "The profiles of those who became a high-ranking position or a head of a power organization or such candidates used to include how much they can drink it." "A person who can drink dozens of glasses of alcohol was considered a broad-minded big man."
References
South Korean alcoholic drinks
Cocktails
Drinking culture |
Adnan Barakat (born 3 September 1982) is a Dutch former professional footballer who played as a right winger for Dutch sides Ajax Amsterdam, NAC Breda, FC Eindhoven, Cambuur Leeuwarden, FK Baku, FC Den Bosch and Muangthong United among others.
Career
Barakat signed for Azerbaijan Premier League side FK Baku in January 2010 on a 2.5-year contract. He made his debut for Baku on 2 February 2010 in their 2–1 home victory over Turan Tovuz, with his first goal for Baku coming the following season on 6 November 2010 in their 3–1 away win over Ganja.
He won the cup of Azerbaijan, and played Europe League that year and the years he played at NAC Breda. He worked with some big coaches in his career so far like Henk Ten Cate, Co Adriaanse, Bülent Korkmaz, Winfried Schäfer, Aleksandrs Starkovs also coach of the national team of Latvia and now Slaviša Jokanović former Chelsea player. Last season he won the Premier League title of Thailand with Muang Thong United and he played a big role in it.
In November 2011 Barakat left Baku having not been paid for months.
After leaving Baku, Barakat signed for Muangthong United in January 2012, but was unable to play for them straight away due to his dispute with Baku, and the club withholding his registration. He left Muangthong United in July 2013.
In February 2014, Barakat moved to another Thai Premier League, Songkhla United.
Career statistics
Honours
FK Baku
Azerbaijan Cup: 2009–10
Muangthong United
Thai Premier League: 2012
References
External links
1982 births
Living people
Footballers from Amsterdam
Dutch men's footballers
Men's association football wingers
Eredivisie players
Eerste Divisie players
Adnan Barakat
Adnan Barakat
NAC Breda players
FC Eindhoven players
SC Cambuur players
FC Den Bosch players
FC Baku players
Adnan Barakat
Adnan Barakat
Adnan Barakat
Adnan Barakat
OFC Oostzaan players
Dutch expatriate men's footballers
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Azerbaijan
Expatriate men's footballers in Azerbaijan
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Thailand
Expatriate men's footballers in Thailand |
In Shinto shrine architecture, the is the hall of worship or oratory. It is generally placed in front of the shrine's main sanctuary (honden) and often built on a larger scale than the latter. The haiden is often connected to the honden by a heiden, or hall of offerings. While the honden is the place for the enshrined kami and off-limits to the general public, the haiden provides a space for ceremonies and for worshiping the kami. In some cases, for example at Nara's Ōmiwa Shrine, the honden can be missing and be replaced by a patch of sacred ground. In that case, the haiden is the most important building of the complex.
References
Shinto architecture |
Mahmoud "Mick" Hawi (1980 – 14 February 2018) was a Lebanese-Australian outlaw biker and gangster who served as the second national president and "supreme commander" of the Comanchero Motorcycle Club.
The Comancheros
Hawi was born in Beirut, Lebanon into a Sunni Muslim family. In 1985, his family fled the Lebanese Civil War as refugees and settled in Sydney, New South Wales. Hawi had what his judge at his 2011 trial called an "uneventful, if meagre" childhood. He attended Punchbowl Boys High School in the Punchbowl suburb of Sydney. In 1995, Hawi started to date an Australian woman, Caroline Gonzales. Hawi left high school at the age of 16 and worked in his father's spry painting business. In 2001, he married Gonzales after she converted to Islam. The couple were married in a private Islamic wedding, but were never legally married under Australian law. Hawi had two children by his wife.
At the age of 19, Hawi joined the Comanchero Motorcycle Club in 1999. Tall and muscular, Hawi stood out in the Comancheros. In 2002, Hawi led a group of younger Comancheros to meet the Comanchero "supreme commander" "Jock" Ross at his house. The Australian policeman Duncan McNab in his 2013 book Outlaw Bikers in Australia wrote that: "Ross was unsuspecting and outnumbered and the discussion was quick and violent. The Comancheros, led by Mick Hawi, delivered a comprehensive beating to the much older leader. They left him battered and took both his club colours and his Harley-Davidson. It was the outlaw equivalent of spitting in Jock's face." In 2003, Hawi proclaimed himself to be the new Comanchero national president and "supreme commander". In 2005, Hawi was convicted of drug possession.
Following the 2005 Cronulla riots, in which Middle Eastern Australian youths clashed with Anglo-Celtic Australians, Hawi called for peace and met with the Bra Boys gang of Maroubra. In November 2007, he survived a shooting attempt when the car he was travelling in was fired upon by two men outside Grappa Ristorante in the Sydney suburb of Leichhardt. According to Hawi, a bullet lodged in the headrest of his car seat. Subsequently, he began occasionally travelling in a bulletproof car.
In 2008, the Comancheros were involved in a gangland struggle against the Hells Angels. On 22 March 2009, Hawi along with several other Comancheros was involved in a brawl at Sydney Airport with the Hells Angels led by the Hells Angels Australian national president Derek Wainohu. Both Hawi and the Weinohu were on the same flight from Melbourne to Sydney, which led to a fierce fight at Sydney airport. During the flight, Hawi and Wainohu exchanged words and afterwards texted their respective members of their gangs to be present at Sydney airport. At gate 5 of the airport, a brawl broke out as the Hells Angels and Comancheros fought each other. One witness, Naomi Constantine, told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation News: "They started grabbing the metal poles that break up the check-in area and swinging them almost like swords at each other's heads. I saw one of the men lying on the ground and another man came up with a pole and just started smashing it into his head."
The brawl ended with Anthony Zervas, a brother of the Hells Angel Peter Zervas, being punched and kicked to death in public by the Comancheros. Zervas was not a member of the Hells Angels, but as the younger brother of Peter Zervas, the sergeant-at-arms of the Angels Sydney chapter, was so closely associated with the Hells Angels that he was considered to be an unofficial member. The security camera footage showed the Comancheros displayed extreme sadism as they gleefully punched and kicked Zervas while smashing in his head with a 17-kilogram metal bollard. According to witnesses, Hawi left the scene telling Peter Zervas: "You're dead. You're fucking dead. Next time we see you, you're going to have bullet holes through you". After killing Anthony Zervas, the Comancheros boarded a taxi and shouted at the driver "go, go, go!" Hawi went into hiding after the airport incident and was for a time Australia's most wanted man. The security camera footage of Zervas's death was frequently played on Australian television and forever ended the popular image in Australia of outlaw bikers as loveable outcasts from a society that the bikers claimed to be oppressive.
Hawi was charged with second degree murder in connection with Zervas's killing. His trial began on 25 May 2011. The Crown Attorney prosecuting Hawi, Natalie Adams, stated that the feud with the Hells Angels led to the "perfect storm" at the Sydney airport as the hatred between the two gangs was such that members of both gangs were willing to kill each other. During the trial, the Crown introduced as evidence skin flakes whose DNA matched Hawi's that were found under Zervas's fingernails. On 1 November 2011, Hawi was found guilty of second degree murder and affray (i.e fighting in public). Justice Robert Allan Hulme stated that he felt that the Crown had not established that Hawi had personally inflicted any blows on Zervas, but that: "His presence would undoubtedly have had the effect of authorising and approving the actions of the other man who bludgeoned Anthony Zervas to death." Hawi appealed the murder conviction and in a plea bargain with the Crown on 4 September 2014 pleaded guilty to manslaughter. Besides for his convictions in relation to the Sydney airport incident, Hawi had a number of minor driving convictions alongside convictions for his use of offensive language in public. In 2015, Hawi was released on parole. One who knew him stated: "Mick was a big player in Sydney before being a bikie was fashionable and tensions with the [Hells] Angels and his own club have been high ever since he got out [of prison]. He was a man of his word, he had balls, demanded respect, and didn't give a fuck."
Murder
Hawi was in the parking lot of the Rockdale Fitness First gym on the south side of Sydney on 14 February 2018 when he was shot dead in his automobile. Assistant Commissioner Mal Lanyon of the New South Wales police stated: "I'd say it was a targeted and planned attack and completely without regard to human life". Immediately after his murder, Hawi's widow, Carolina Gonzales, went to see a Sydney property developer, Eddie Haragli, and threatened to kill him as she believed he was the man behind her husband's murder.
Yusuf Nazlioglu and Jamal Eljaidi were charged with first degree murder with the Crown alleging that Nazlioglu was the man who killed Hawi. The defense lawyers put forward the alternative theory that Haragli was the killer. On 9 September 2020, both Nazlioglu and Ejaidi were acquitted on the first-degree murder charges. Gonzales's feud with Ophelia Haragli, the wife of Eddie Haragli, has attracted much media attention in Australia. Nazlioglu was murdered on 27 June 2022.
Books
References
1980 births
2018 deaths
2018 murders in Australia
Australian crime bosses
Criminals from Sydney
Organised crime in Sydney
Australian people convicted of drug offences
Australian people convicted of manslaughter
Deaths by firearm in New South Wales
Unsolved murders in Australia
Australian people of Lebanese descent
Australian Sunni Muslims |
East Chicago is a train station at 5615 Indianapolis Boulevard in East Chicago, Indiana. It serves the South Shore Line commuter rail line from Chicago, Illinois to South Bend, Indiana.
History
The station was built in 1956 as part of a South Shore Line project that removed a street running section on Chicago Avenue and placed the line on an elevated roadbed parallel to the Indiana Toll Road in order to improve speed and mitigate traffic issues. Prior to that, South Shore Line trains stopped in downtown East Chicago. In 2004 the station was remodeled with high level platforms to assist passengers with disabilities, and to decrease station dwell times.
Facilities
East Chicago consists of a single high-level island platform situated between two gauntlet tracks which permit the passage of freight trains. The northern track provides service to Chicago while the southern track services Michigan City and South Bend. At this location the South Shore Line is situated on an embankment and the platform traverses Indianapolis Boulevard. The station building is located east of Indianapolis Boulevard at ground level. The station is equipped with ticket vending machines; staffed service ended in 2017. Adjacent to the station is a parking lot with capacity for 1,200 cars.
NICTD approved a $4.4 million construction project in March 2019 to increase passenger access at East Chicago.
Bus connections
East Chicago Transit
Route 1
Route 2
Route 4
'''GPTC
Route Route R1: Lakeshore Connection
References
External links
South Shore Line - Stations
South Shore Line stations in Indiana
Railway stations in Lake County, Indiana
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1956
East Chicago, Indiana
1956 establishments in Indiana |
Vincent Ruguga (born 12 December 1959) is an Ugandan male long-distance runner. He competed in the marathon event at the 1984 Summer Olympics and 1988 Summer Olympics. His personal best for the marathon is 2h 17' 46", set at the 1990 Boston Marathon.
In 1996, his health began deteriorating. Due to this, Ruguga walked with difficulty and required financial assistance from his brother to pay medical bills.
References
External links
1959 births
Living people
Ugandan male long-distance runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Uganda
Athletes (track and field) at the 1984 Summer Olympics |
Aftershock is an album by the R&B band Average White Band, released in 1989. Three original bandmembers returned; Alex Ligertwood joined on vocals. Chaka Khan sang on two of the album's songs. Track Records, the band's label, was unable to effectively promote Aftershock. The album was a moderate success in Europe.
Track listing
"The Spirit of Love" (4:05)
"Sticky Situation" (4:29)
"Aftershock" (4:07)
"Love at First Sight" (4:47)
"I'll Get Over You" (4:32)
"Later We'll Be Greater" (3:52)
"Let's Go All the Way" (5:53)
"We're in Too Deep" (3:54)
"Stocky Sachoo-a-Shun" (1:38)
Personnel
Alan Gorrie – Bass, Guitar, Keyboards, Vocals
Onnie McIntyre – Guitar, Vocals
Roger Ball – Saxophone, Synthesizer horns
Alex Ligertwood – Lead and Background vocals
Eliot Lewis – Keyboards, Programming, Guitar, Vocals, Drums, Percussion
Additional musicians
Ronnie Laws – Soprano Saxophone
Chaka Khan – Vocals
Billy Beck – Keyboards
Ohio Players – Background vocals and chorus
References
Average White Band albums
1989 albums |
The FIBT World Championships 1960 took place in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy for the fifth time. The Italian city had hosted the event previously in 1937 (Two-man), 1939 (Four-man), 1950, and 1954. This was an extraordinary event because bobsleigh was not included in the program at the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley, California.
Two man bobsleigh
The Italian duo of Monti and Alvera won their fourth straight championships in this event.
Four man bobsleigh
Medal table
References
2-Man bobsleigh World Champions
4-Man bobsleigh World Champions
IBSF World Championships
Sport in Cortina d'Ampezzo
1960 in bobsleigh
International sports competitions hosted by Italy
Bobsleigh in Italy
1958 in Italian sport
de:Bob-Weltmeisterschaft 1999 |
Daniel Majic, or Danny Majic is a Croatian American record producer based in Los Angeles, CA. Majic has produced and written songs for G-Eazy, OneRepublic, Eminem 2 Chainz, Lecrae, Calum Scott, Galantis, A Boogie wit da Hoodie, Galantis, David Guetta, Flo Rida, The Vamps and Ally Brooke.
Production Discography
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Songwriters from California
Record producers from Los Angeles |
Treaty of Montreuil may refer to:
Treaty of Montreuil (1274) between England and Flanders
Treaty of Montreuil (1299) between England and France |
Quarto Centenário is a municipality in the state of Paraná (PR) in Brazil.
The municipality relies mostly on agriculture - soybeans, corn, and has few industries, the most important Coagel COAMO and integrated cooperatives are cooperatives. It has a state college, in the town, other colleges in their districts, schools, municipal headquarters and in their districts, estimated population of 4,465 as of 2020. It has 5 catholic churches and one Evangelical Church (Parish of Our Lady of Fatima) that was founded on 22 April 1977 by decree of the diocesan Bishop of Campo Mourão Dom Eliseu Simões Mendes.
References
External links
Municipality homepage
Municipalities in Paraná |
The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party ( ; PSOE ) is a social-democratic political party in Spain. The PSOE has been in government longer than any other political party in modern democratic Spain: from 1982 to 1996 under Felipe González, from 2004 to 2011 under José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, and since 2018 under Pedro Sánchez.
The PSOE was founded in 1879, making it the oldest party currently active in Spain. The PSOE played a key role during the Second Spanish Republic, being part of the coalition government from 1931 to 1933 and from 1936 to 1939, when the Republic was defeated by Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War. The party was then banned under Franco's dictatorship and its members and leaders were persecuted or exiled; the ban was only lifted in 1977 in the transition to democracy that followed Franco's death. Historically Marxist, it abandoned Marxism in 1979. Like most mainstream Spanish political organizations since the mid-1980s, PSOE has been considered by experts to embrace a positive outlook towards European integration.
The PSOE has historically had strong ties with the General Union of Workers (UGT), a Spanish trade union. For a couple of decades, UGT membership was a requirement for PSOE membership. However, since the 1980s the UGT has frequently criticized the economic policies of the PSOE, even calling for general strikes against the PSOE governments on 14 December 1988, 28 May 1992, 27 January 1994 and 29 September 2010, all jointly with the Workers' Commissions, another major trade union. Both the trade unions and the left have often criticized the economic policies of the PSOE for their economic liberal nature. They have denounced the policies of deregulation and the increase in precarious and temporary work, cuts in unemployment and retirement benefits, and the privatisation of big state-owned organisations and public services.The party also strongly defended freedom and justice, taking over the fight for civil rights in Spain. It is also the party preferred by female voters by a wide margin. Society also recognizes it as the political party that recognized LGBT rights.
The PSOE is a member of the Party of European Socialists, Progressive Alliance and the Socialist International. The PSOE's 20 Members of the European Parliament sit in the Socialists and Democrats European parliamentary group.
History
Restoration regime (1879–1931)
The PSOE was founded by Pablo Iglesias on 2 May 1879 in the Casa Labra tavern in Tetuán Street near the Puerta del Sol at the centre of Madrid. Iglesias was a typesetter who had become in contact in the past with the Spanish section of the International Workingmen's Association and with Paul Lafargue. The first program of the new political party was passed in an assembly of 40 people on 20 July of that same year. The bulk of the growth of the PSOE and its affiliated trade union, the Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT) was chiefly restricted to the Madrid-Biscay-Asturias triangle up until the 1910s. The obtaining of a seat at the Congress by Pablo Iglesias at the 1910 Spanish general election in which the PSOE candidates presented within the broad Republican–Socialist Conjunction became a development of great symbolical transcendence and gave the party more publicity at the national level.
The PSOE and the UGT took a leading role in the general strike of August 1917 in the context of the events leading to the Spanish crisis of 1917 during the conservative government of Eduardo Dato. The strike was crushed by the army as a result of further undermining of the constitutional order. The members of the organizing committee (Julián Besteiro, Francisco Largo Caballero, Daniel Anguiano and Andrés Saborit) were accused of sedition and sentenced to life imprisonment. Sent to the prison of Cartagena, they were released a year later after being elected to the Cortes in the 1918 Spanish general election. During the 1919−1921 crisis of the socialist internationals, the party experienced tensions between the members endorsing the Socialist International and the advocates for joining the Communist International. Two consecutive splits of dissidents willing to join the Communist International, namely the Spanish Communist Party in 1920 and the Spanish Communist Workers' Party in 1921, broke away from the PSOE and soon merged to create the Communist Party of Spain (PCE). The PSOE was a member of the Labour and Socialist International between 1923 and 1940.
After the death of Pablo Iglesias in 1925, Julián Besteiro replaced him as president of both the PSOE and the UGT. During the 1923–1930 dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera, corporatist PSOE and UGT elements were willing to engage in limited collaboration with the regime, against the political stance defended by other socialists such as Indalecio Prieto and Fernando de los Ríos, who instead advocated a closer collaboration with republican forces. The last years of the dictatorship saw a divergence emerge among the corporatist which was personified by Francisco Largo Caballero, who began to endorse the rapport with bourgeois republicans; and Julián Besteiro, who continued to show great distrust towards them. Besteiro's refusal to participate in the Revolutionary Committee led to his resignation as president both of the party and the trade union in February 1931. He was replaced as president of the party by Remigio Cabello.
Second Republic and Civil War (1931–1939)
After the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic on 14 April 1931, three PSOE members were included in the cabinet of the provisional government, namely Indalecio Prieto (Finance), Fernando de los Ríos (Education) and Francisco Largo Caballero (Labour). The socialist presence remained in the rest of cabinets of the Social-Azañist Biennium (1931–1933).
After the November 1933 general election which marked a win for the centre-right forces in a climate of increasing polarization and growing unemployment, along with a desire to make amends for the mistake of not having sided with the republicans in the election against the united right, Largo Caballero adopted a revolutionary rhetoric, calling for violent revolution and a transitionary dictatorship of the proletariat. Indalecio Prieto had also participated in the increasingly aggressive rhetoric, having already condemned the heavy-hand repression of the December 1933 largely anarchist uprising by the government, that has been cheered on by the CEDA leaders on parliament. The Socialist Youth of Spain (JSE) also engaged into a shrilling revolutionary rhetoric while Besteiro firmly opposed the insurrectionary drift of the militancy.
The formation of a new cabinet that included CEDA ministers in October 1934 was perceived among the left as a reaction, with the CEDA party being indistinguishable from contemporary fascism to most workers while CEDA leader Gil-Robles had advocated the establishment of a corporative state already in the 1933 electoral campaign. The UGT called for a nationwide general strike for 5 October which developed into a full-blown insurrection (the Revolution of 1934) in the mining region of Asturias which was vocally supported by socialists such as Largo Caballero and Prieto. After the end of the revolt, whose repression was entrusted to Generals Francisco Franco and Manuel Goded, most PSOE and UGT leaders were jailed.
A growing rift between Prieto and Largo Caballero (with disparate views of politics, albeit sharing a general pragmatist approach) formed in 1935 while Besteiro's hold on the party diminished significantly. Followers of Indalecio Prieto would ultimately become "estranged from the party left". The PSOE formed part of the broad left-wing Popular Front electoral coalition that stood for election in the 1936 Spanish general election and achieved a victory in seats over the right.
In September 1936, a few months into the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), a cabinet presided over by Largo Caballero was formed (he also held the functions of Minister of War). In November, Largo Caballero succeeded in bringing some CNT members into his government. The left socialist caballeristas were revolutionary in rhetoric, although in reality they proposed moderate reformist policies while in government. The May Days of 1937 in Barcelona destabilised the government which was replaced by a new cabinet led by Juan Negrín, another socialist.
Clandestinity and exile (1939–1974)
With the PSOE reduced to clandestinity during the Francoist dictatorship, its members were persecuted, with many leaders, members and supporters being imprisoned or exiled and even executed. Prime Minister Negrín fled to France in March 1939 after the final collapse of the Republican front and his fall from office. The aging and ill Julián Besteiro, who preferred to stay in Spain over exile, died in a Francoist prison in 1940. Julián Zugazagoitia, government minister in 1937–1938, was captured in exile by the Gestapo, handed over to Spain and executed in 1940. The party was legalized again only in 1977 during the Spanish transition to democracy.
Disputes between the followers of Indalecio Prieto (who had exiled to Mexico) and Juan Negrín over the political strategy of the Republican government in exile soon arose. Negrín, whose 1937–1939 spell at the government in wartime was seen negatively by large elements of both caballerista and prietista extraction, had become vilified. The party was re-organized along new lines in 1944 in the 1st Congress in Exile that took place in Toulouse and in which Rodolfo Llopis became the party's new secretary-general.
The PSOE congresses in exile during the post-war period were marked by strong anti-communist positions as a reflection of how the exiles remembered the last events of the Civil War (which featured bitter strifes with the communists) and in line with the stance of other parties of the Socialist International during the Cold War, neglecting any kind of rapprochement with the Communist Party of Spain (PCE). The relative void left in Spain by the PSOE, with a Toulouse-based direction lacking in dynamism and innovation, was filled by the PCE and other new clandestine organizations such as the Agrupación Socialista Universitaria (ASU), the Popular Liberation Front (FELIPE) or later the Enrique Tierno Galván's Socialist Party of the Interior. The Toulouse executive board became increasingly detached from the party in Spain in the 1960s an insurmountable chasm between the former and the party in the interior was already defined by 1972.
Return to democracy
González leadership (1974–1996)
The 25th party congress was held in Toulouse in August 1972. In 1974, Felipe González was elected Secretary-General at the 26th party congress in Suresnes, replacing Llopis. González was from the reform wing of the party and his victory signaled a defeat for the historic and veteran wing of the party. The direction of the PSOE shifted from the exiles to the young people in Spain who had not fought the war. Llopis led a schism to form the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (historic). González showed intentions to move the party away from its Marxist and socialist background, turning the PSOE into a social-democratic party, similar to those of the rest of western Europe. In 1977, the PSOE became the unofficial opposition leading party with 29.2% of the vote and 118 seats in the Cortes Generales (which until then it had been the PCE, leading more aggressively among a larger representation of underground parties since the last free popular vote during the Civil War on Republican territory). Their standing was further boosted in 1978 when the Popular Socialist Party agreed to merge into the PSOE.
At the 27th party congress in May 1979, González resigned because the party would not abandon its Marxist character. In September of that year, the extraordinary 28th congress was called in which González was re-elected when the party agreed to move away from Marxism. Western European social-democratic parties supported González's stand and the Social Democratic Party of Germany granted them money. PSOE party symbol was changed from the anvil with the book to the social democratic fist and rose created in the French Socialist Party, redrawn for the PSOE by José María Cruz Novillo. In the 1978 Spanish constitutional referendum, the PSOE supported the Spanish constitution which was approved. In the 1979 Spanish general election, the PSOE gained 30.5% of the vote and 121 seats, remaining the main opposition party. In the 1982 Spanish general election, the PSOE was victorious with 48.1% of the vote (10,127,392 total). González became Prime Minister of Spain on 2 December, a position he held until May 1996.
Although the party had opposed NATO, most party leaders supported keeping Spain inside the organisation after reaching the government. The González administration organised a referendum on the question in 1986, calling for a favourable vote, and won. The administration was criticised for avoiding the official names of North Atlantic Treaty Organisation and NATO, using the unofficial Atlantic Alliance terms. A symbol of this U-turn is Javier Solana who campaigned against NATO but ended up years later as its Secretary General. The PSOE supported the United States in the Gulf War (1991). PSOE won the 1986, 1989 and 1993 general elections. Under the Gonzalez administration, public expenditure on education, health, and pensions rose in total by 4.1 points of the country's GDP between 1982 and 1992.
Economic crisis and state terrorism (GAL) against the violent separatist group ETA eroded the popularity of González. In the 1996 Spanish general election, the PSOE lost to the conservative People's Party (PP) (PP). Between 1996 and 2001, the PSOE weathered a crisis, with Gonzalez resigning in 1997. The PSOE suffered a heavy defeat in the 2000 Spanish general election, with 34.7% of the popular vote. However, the PSOE remained as the ruling party in the autonomous communities of Andalusia, Asturias, Castilla-La Mancha and Extremadura.
Zapatero and Rubalcaba leadership (2000–2014)
In 2000, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero was elected as the new Secretary-General, renewing the party. Later, the PSOE won the 2003 Spanish local elections. The PSOE strongly opposed the Iraq War which was supported by the Aznar government.
In the 2003 Catalan regional election, the PSOE's Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC) increased its vote total, but ended up in second place after Convergence and Union. After a period of negotiations, the party formed a pact with the Initiative for Catalonia Greens, the Republican Left of Catalonia and the United and Alternative Left, governing Catalonia until 2010.
In the 2004 Spanish general election, the PSOE won with almost 43% of the votes following the 11-M terrorist (11 March) attacks. It was alleged that the PSOE, with the help of the national newspaper El Pais, did not observe the "reflection journey" which forbade political parties from trying to sway public opinion (forbidden by Spanish law), calling the opposing political party "assassins" and blaming the terrorist attack on them. The PSOE maintained their lead in the 2004 European Parliament election.
In 2005, the PSOE called for a yes vote on the European Constitution. The PSOE also favoured the negotiations between the government and the ETA during the 2006 cease-fire which had a de facto end with the Barajas Airport terrorist attack. In the 2008 Spanish general election, the PSOE won again, with Zapatero remaining Prime Minister. The PSOE increased their share of seats in the Congress of Deputies from 164 to 169 after the latest election.
After waning popularity throughout their second term, mainly due to their handling of the worsening economic climate in Spain in the aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis, the PSOE was defeated in the 2011 Spanish general election by the conservative People's Party. Shortly after, an extraordinary congress was held in which Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba, former Deputy to Zapatero and Minister of the Interior, was elected Secretary-General defeating Carme Chacón, the other candidate, who stood for the Zapatero platform. This victory caused huge internal divisions and weakened the party's external image.
In 2013, the PSOE held a political conference which introduced a completely new platform, widely seen as a move to the left in an attempt to regain votes from parties such as the United Left, whose popularity rose steadily due to the general discontent with the two-party system and spending cuts. That platform was the basis for the 2014 European Parliament election manifesto, promoted as a solid alternative to the conservative plan for Europe. The expectations inside the party which chose Elena Valenciano as their election candidate were optimistic, but the PSOE suffered another defeat due to the appearance of new parties such as Podemos which managed to gain the support of left-wing voters, with PSOE winning 14 seats. Shortly thereafter, Rubalcaba resigned as Secretary-General and an Extraordinary Congress was convoked.
Sánchez leadership (2014–present)
This party congress was the first to use a primary election system with three candidates, namely Pedro Sánchez, Eduardo Madina and José Antonio Pérez Tapias. Sánchez was elected with 49% of the vote of the affiliates and therefore became Secretary-General on 27 July 2014.
In the 2015 Spanish municipal elections, the PSOE won 25% of the vote, one of its worst results in since the restoration of democracy. Together with the fall of the People's Party which won 27% of votes, it meant the end of the two-party system in Spain in favor of new parties. The PSOE alone lost 943 councilors. The 2015 Spanish general election produced an hung parliament broken into four major parties. Due to the large increase for parties such as Podemos (left) and Citizens (centre-right), the PSOE got about 20% of the vote, its worst result since democracy was restored. The parliament was so fragmented, no government could be formed and six months later new elections were held. The 2016 Spanish general election resulted in the PSOE losing a further five seats despite gaining 0.6% of the vote (still the party's second-worst popular vote total after 2015 since the restoration of democracy), leaving the party with 85 seats in the parliament, their lowest total since the restoration of democracy and the fewest since the 1933 in Republican Spain left the party with 59 seats in the 473-member parliament.
With the exception of the 2015 Andalusian regional election, elections held during the early leadership of Sánchez were losses for the PSOE. In addition, the policy of pacts conducted by Sánchez after the 2016 general election, based on Sánchez's outright refusal to facilitate a People's Party government, caused a faction within the party critical of Sánchez to gain momentum, led by President of Andalusia Susana Díaz. On 28 September 2016, the Secretary of Federal Policy Antonio Pradas went to the party's headquarters and presented the en bloc resignation of 17 members of the Federal Executive and the demands of those who resigned for the party to be run by an interim manager and to pressure Sánchez to resign as secretary-general. The Executive later lost two more members in the en bloc resignation, bringing the total number of resignations to 19. Resigning executives included the president of the party Micaela Navarro, the former Minister Carme Chacón, the President of Valencia Ximo Puig and the President of Castilla–La Mancha Emiliano García-Page. This launched the 2016 PSOE crisis. On the afternoon of 1 October 2016, after holding a tense Federal Committee meeting, Sánchez resigned as party General-Secretary, forcing an extraordinary party congress to choose a new General-Secretary. That night, it was reported that an interim manager would be chosen, later confirmed to be the President of Asturias Javier Fernández Fernández. Sánchez announced his intention to run for General-Secretary of the party as did Susana Díaz (one of the leaders of the anti-Sánchez faction of the party) and Patxi López, former President of the Basque Autonomous Community. At the 39th federal congress in June 2017, Díaz received 48.3% of endorsements, outpacing both Sánchez (43.0% of endorsements) and López (8.7% of endorsements), but Sánchez won an absolute majority of the party's popular vote at 50.3% (Díaz received 39.9% and López 9.8%). Both Díaz and López withdrew before the delegate vote, returning Sánchez as the General-Secretary and ending the crisis. Sánchez won every region of Spain except for the home regions of López and Díaz.
In mid-2018, the National Court found that the conservative People's Party profited from the illegal kickbacks-for-contracts scheme of the Gürtel case, confirming the existence of an illegal accounting and financing structure that ran in parallel with the party's official one since 1989 and that sentenced that the PP helped to establish "a genuine and effective system of institutional corruption through the manipulation of central, autonomous and local public procurement". The PSOE Parliamentary Group in the Congress of Deputies filed a motion of no confidence against the government of Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy, presenting Sánchez as alternative candidate. The PSOE's motion passed with the support of Unidos Podemos (UP), Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC), Catalan European Democratic Party (PDeCAT), Basque Nationalist Party (PNV), Coalició Compromís, EH Bildu and New Canaries (NCa), bringing down the Rajoy government. The PP voted against the proposal, joined by Citizens (C's), the Navarrese People's Union (UPN) and the Asturias Forum (FAC). The Canarian Coalition (CC) abstained. Following the successful motion of no confidence, Sánchez became Prime Minister on 2 June 2018 in a minority government. In December 2018, the PSOE's branch in Andalusia was defeated in the 2018 Andalusian regional election for the first time since the restoration of democracy, with a centre-right coalition of PP, C's and the resurgent right-wing nationalists Vox taking power in the region.
For most of his first term as Prime Minister, Sánchez relied on support from the UP and the NC to get his agenda passed, occasionally being forced into negotiating with the Catalan separatist parties the ERC and the PDeCAT and the PNV on individual issues. In February 2019, the ERC, the PDeCAT and En Marea withdrew their support of Sánchez's government by voting against and helping defeat the 2019 General State Budget and Sánchez called an early election for 28 April 2019. The April 2019 Spanish general election resulted in victory for the PSOE, with the party winning 123 seats on 28.7% of the vote in the Cortes and an absolute majority of 139 in the Senate, gains of 38 and 79 seats respectively. The PSOE also finished eight percentage points ahead of the PP which finished second in both seats and in the popular vote. At election night, party supporters demanded Sánchez to reject any coalition with Cs. On the same day as the April 2019 general election, the 2019 Valencian regional election resulted in the Valencian branch of the PSOE being re-elected in coalition with the Valencianist party Compromís and UP.
On 26 May 2019, the PSOE became the largest Spanish party in the European Parliament following the 2019 European Parliament election. The PSOE gained six seats to bring their total to 20 and won all but eight provinces in the country. 26 May also saw regional elections for every region in the country except Valencia, Catalonia, Andalusia, the Basque Country and Galicia. In every region, the PSOE gained seats and votes from the 2015 regional elections. The PSOE finished first in terms of votes and seats in every region except for Cantabria, where the Regionalist Party of Cantabria (PRC) finished first and the PSOE third behind the PP; and Navarra, where the conservative regionalist NA+ finished first and the Socialist Party of Navarre finished second. PSOE governments were re-elected in Castilla-La Mancha and Extremadura, with the party receiving an absolute majority of seats in both regions. The party took over the Presidency of the Canary Islands with the support of New Canaries and Podemos, ending 26 years of Canarian Coalition government. On the same date, the PSOE became the largest party in the municipalities following the local elections.
Following months of political deadlock, Sánchez called a second general election in seven months. In the November 2019 Spanish general election, the PSOE lost only three members of parliament and 0.7% of the popular vote in the election, but the PP and VOX gained 23 and 28 seats respectively, further worsening the deadlock. As of 23 December, there was still no government in place, although members of PSOE, PSC and UP have voted overwhelmingly to join in a coalition government, agreed to by Sánchez and UP Secretary-General Pablo Iglesias Turrión. On 5 January 2020, the PSOE–UP government failed its first investiture vote, with 166 votes in favor and 165 opposed with 18 abstentions and one UP parliamentarian absent, therefore the government fell short of an absolute majority. On 7 January, the investiture motion, this time requiring only a simple majority, passed with 167 votes in favour and 165 against. PSOE, UP, En Comú Podem, Grupo Común da Esquerda, PNV, Más País, Compromís, NCa, the Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) and Teruel Existe (TE) voted in favor of the government, with PP, Vox, Cs, Together for Catalonia (JxCat), the Popular Unity Candidacy (CUP), NA+, CC, PRC and FAC voting against while ERC and EH Bildu both abstained.
On 2021, PSOE started a podcast called Donde hay partido.
Political ideology
From Marxism to social democracy
The PSOE was founded with the purpose of representing and defending the interests of the proletariat formed during the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century. In its beginnings, the PSOE's main objective was the defense of worker's rights and the achievement of the ideals of socialism, emerging from contemporary philosophy and Marxist politics, by securing political power for the working class and establish a dictatorship of the proletariat in order to achieve social ownership of the means of production. The ideology of the PSOE has evolved throughout the 20th century according to relevant historical events and the evolution of Spanish society.
In 1979, the party abandoned its definitive Marxist thesis at the hands of its Secretary-General Felipe González, not before overcoming great tensions and two party congresses, the first of which preferred to maintain Marxism. Before this situation, notable internal leaders such as Pablo Castellano and Luis Gómez Llorente founded the internal faction of Left Socialists which included the militants who would not renounce Marxism. This allowed for the consolidation of the leftist forces in the PSOE. From this moment, the diverse events both outside and within the party led to projects that resembled those of other European social-democratic parties and acceptance of the defence of the market economy. The democratic socialist faction has been especially critical of the party's Third Way move to the centre starting in the 1980s for its economic liberal nature, denouncing the policies of deregulation, cuts in social benefits, and privatisations.
The PSOE defines itself as social democratic, left-wing and progressive. It is grouped with other self-styled socialists, social democrats and labour parties in the Party of European Socialists, and supports pro-Europeanism. During his shift to the left in 2017, party leader Pedro Sánchez stood for a refoundation of social democracy in order to transition to a post-capitalist society and end neoliberal capitalism as well as for the indissoluble link between social democracy and Europe.
Federalism
During the Second Spanish Republic, the matter of the conception of the state was open within the party, with two different views connected in discourse to the interests of the working class competed against each other, namely a centralist view as well as a federal one. The late years of the Francoist dictatorship was a period in which the PSOE defended the right to "self-determination of the peoples of Spain" in that it was a reflection of both an ideological and a pragmatist approach. Ultimately, the party, while sticking to a preference for a federal system, gradually ceased to mention the notion of self-determination during the Spanish transition to democracy. Postulates coming from peripheral nationalisms that have been assumed by elements of the party, bringing an understanding of Catalonia, the Basque Country and Galicia as nations and thus deserving of a different treatment than the rest of regions, have been heavily criticised by other party elements as according to the latter they would undermine the principle of territorial equality among the autonomous communities.
Electoral performance
Restoration and Republican Cortes
Cortes Generales
European Parliament
Results timeline
Terms
Baron: unofficial term for the party's regional leaders. They can be very powerful, especially if they run an autonomous community. There have been conflicts between barons and the central directorate in the past. Some barons were Pasqual Maragall (Catalonia), who did not run for re-election in 2006; Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra (Extremadura), who did not run for re-election in 2007; Manuel Chaves (Andalucia), who renounced Andalucia's presidency in 2009 to assume the Third Vice Presidency of the Spanish Government; and José Montilla (Catalonia). The term baron is more colloquial than official, representing the great power regional leaders have in the party, but it has been falling out of use since 2016.
Compañero ("companion", "comrade"): a term of address among Socialists, analogous to the English comrade and the Russian tovarisch.
There have been several currents or internal groups within the PSOE based on personal or ideological affinities. Some of them have ended with separation from the PSOE. The failed trial of primary elections for PSOE candidates was an attempt to conciliate currents. Examples of currents are Guerristas (followers of Alfonso Guerra), Renovadores (Renewers, right-wing of the party) or Izquierda Socialista (Socialist Left).
Leaders
The Secretary General is the head of the party as well as its parliamentary chair.
Regional secretary-generals
Andalusia: Juan Espadas Cejas (since 2021)
Aragon: Javier Lambán Montañés (since 2012)
Asturias: Adrián Barbón Rodríguez (since 2017)
Balearic Islands: Francina Armengol i Socías (since 2012)
Basque Country: Eneko Andueza Lorenzo (since 2021)
Canary Islands: Ángel Víctor Torres Pérez (since 2017)
Cantabria: Pablo Zuloaga Martínez (since 2017)
Castile and León: Luis Tudanca Fernández (since 2014)
Castilla-La Mancha: Emiliano García-Page Sánchez (since 2012)
Catalonia: Salvador Illa Roca (since 2021)
Ceuta: Juan Gutiérrez Torres (since 2021)
Community of Madrid: Juan Lobato Gandarias (since 2021)
Extremadura: Guillermo Fernández Vara (since 2008)
Galicia: Valentín González Formoso (since 2021)
La Rioja: Concha Andreu Rodríguez (since 2021)
Melilla: Gloria Rojas Ruiz (since 2017)
Murcia: José Vélez Fernández (since 2021)
Navarre: María Chivite Navascués (since 2014)
Valencian Community: Ximo Puig Ferrer (since 2012)
Notable members
Former logos
See also
List of political parties in Spain
Politics of Spain
References
Informational notes
Citations
Bibliography
External links
Political parties established in 1879
1879 establishments in Spain
Full member parties of the Socialist International
Members of the Labour and Socialist International
Centre-left parties in Europe
Party of European Socialists member parties
Progressive Alliance
Second International
Social democratic parties in Europe
Social democratic parties in Spain
Pro-European political parties in Spain |
The SIM1, SIM1C, SIM7, and SIM10 bus routes constitute a public transit line in Staten Island and Manhattan, New York. The routes all operate on Richmond Avenue and Hylan Boulevard on Staten Island, but go to three separate terminals in Manhattan. The SIM1 goes to 6th Avenue & Houston Street, the SIM7 goes to 6th Avenue & 14th Street, and the SIM1C and SIM10 go to Central Park South & 6th Avenue. The SIM1, SIM7, and SIM10 operate during the rush hour only. The SIM1C operates 24 hours per day, but does not run in the peak direction during rush hours.
Current route
All four routes start at the Eltingville Transit Center in Eltingville, Staten Island. They use Richmond Avenue through Eltingville. They then turn left on Hylan Boulevard, passing through the neighborhoods of Great Kills, New Dorp, and Dongan Hills. They then turn right on Narrows Road, before getting on the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge. They use the Gowanus Expressway and the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel to get to Manhattan.
The SIM1 uses Battery Place to access the one-way pair of Church Street northbound and Broadway. The route's northern terminus is Houston Street.
The SIM7 exits the tunnel onto West Street. Immediately before the tunnel, southbound buses do a loop on Murray Street, North End Avenue, and Vesey Street to serve World Financial Center. The route continues on West Street, turning east onto Spring Street and then north onto Sixth Avenue. Northbound buses terminate at 14th Street and Sixth Avenue. Southbound buses originate at 13th Street and Broadway, then continue south on Broadway until they turn west onto Houston Street. At West Street, southbound SIM7 buses follow the northbound route to the Battery Tunnel.
The SIM10 operates through the Battery Park Underpass to access the FDR Drive, turning west at 23rd Street and north onto Sixth Avenue. It terminates at 59th Street. Southbound, the SIM10 uses Fifth Avenue, 23rd Street, and the FDR Drive to the Battery Tunnel.
The SIM1C follows the SIM1's route, then uses Sixth Avenue northbound to 23rd Street, before following the SIM10's route to 59th Street. Southbound, the SIM1C follows the SIM10 to 23rd Street, then uses Fifth Avenue and Broadway to the Battery Tunnel.
History
These routes replaced the X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X7, X8, and X9 routes in the Staten Island Bus Redesign. The SIM1 was extended to Houston Street on January 13, 2019. The SIM10 has had multiple trips added, it operates from 2:00PM to 6:40PM leaving Manhattan, and from 4:10AM to 8:10AM leaving Staten Island.
The SIM1C is also notable for being the only express bus route in NYC with 24-hour service.
Equipment
The SIM1, SIM7, SIM10, and SIM1C are based at Yukon Depot. They use Yukon's fleet of 2015-16 Prévost X3-45 buses. Prior to 2015, they also used MCI 102DLW3SS buses, but these were retired by the Prévosts. Additionally, they used Yukon’s fleet of 2002 MCI D4500 buses until 2021.
While being based at Yukon Depot, the SIM1, SIM1C, SIM7, and SIM10 sometimes use buses loaned from Castleton, Charleston, and Meredith Depots.
Gallery
References
Bus routes in Staten Island
Bus transportation in New York City
MTA Regional Bus routes |
Shiva Chouhan (born 30 December 1997) is an Indian cricketer. He made his List A debut for Rajasthan in the 2017–18 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 9 February 2018.
References
External links
1997 births
Living people
Indian cricketers
Place of birth missing (living people)
Rajasthan cricketers |
Poshteh (; also known as Bīsheh) is a village in Derakhtengan Rural District, in the Central District of Kerman County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 25, in 8 families.
References
Populated places in Kerman County |
```go
// go run linux/mksysnum.go -Wall -Werror -static -I/tmp/include /tmp/include/asm/unistd.h
// Code generated by the command above; see README.md. DO NOT EDIT.
// +build mips,linux
package unix
const (
SYS_SYSCALL = 4000
SYS_EXIT = 4001
SYS_FORK = 4002
SYS_READ = 4003
SYS_WRITE = 4004
SYS_OPEN = 4005
SYS_CLOSE = 4006
SYS_WAITPID = 4007
SYS_CREAT = 4008
SYS_LINK = 4009
SYS_UNLINK = 4010
SYS_EXECVE = 4011
SYS_CHDIR = 4012
SYS_TIME = 4013
SYS_MKNOD = 4014
SYS_CHMOD = 4015
SYS_LCHOWN = 4016
SYS_BREAK = 4017
SYS_UNUSED18 = 4018
SYS_LSEEK = 4019
SYS_GETPID = 4020
SYS_MOUNT = 4021
SYS_UMOUNT = 4022
SYS_SETUID = 4023
SYS_GETUID = 4024
SYS_STIME = 4025
SYS_PTRACE = 4026
SYS_ALARM = 4027
SYS_UNUSED28 = 4028
SYS_PAUSE = 4029
SYS_UTIME = 4030
SYS_STTY = 4031
SYS_GTTY = 4032
SYS_ACCESS = 4033
SYS_NICE = 4034
SYS_FTIME = 4035
SYS_SYNC = 4036
SYS_KILL = 4037
SYS_RENAME = 4038
SYS_MKDIR = 4039
SYS_RMDIR = 4040
SYS_DUP = 4041
SYS_PIPE = 4042
SYS_TIMES = 4043
SYS_PROF = 4044
SYS_BRK = 4045
SYS_SETGID = 4046
SYS_GETGID = 4047
SYS_SIGNAL = 4048
SYS_GETEUID = 4049
SYS_GETEGID = 4050
SYS_ACCT = 4051
SYS_UMOUNT2 = 4052
SYS_LOCK = 4053
SYS_IOCTL = 4054
SYS_FCNTL = 4055
SYS_MPX = 4056
SYS_SETPGID = 4057
SYS_ULIMIT = 4058
SYS_UNUSED59 = 4059
SYS_UMASK = 4060
SYS_CHROOT = 4061
SYS_USTAT = 4062
SYS_DUP2 = 4063
SYS_GETPPID = 4064
SYS_GETPGRP = 4065
SYS_SETSID = 4066
SYS_SIGACTION = 4067
SYS_SGETMASK = 4068
SYS_SSETMASK = 4069
SYS_SETREUID = 4070
SYS_SETREGID = 4071
SYS_SIGSUSPEND = 4072
SYS_SIGPENDING = 4073
SYS_SETHOSTNAME = 4074
SYS_SETRLIMIT = 4075
SYS_GETRLIMIT = 4076
SYS_GETRUSAGE = 4077
SYS_GETTIMEOFDAY = 4078
SYS_SETTIMEOFDAY = 4079
SYS_GETGROUPS = 4080
SYS_SETGROUPS = 4081
SYS_RESERVED82 = 4082
SYS_SYMLINK = 4083
SYS_UNUSED84 = 4084
SYS_READLINK = 4085
SYS_USELIB = 4086
SYS_SWAPON = 4087
SYS_REBOOT = 4088
SYS_READDIR = 4089
SYS_MMAP = 4090
SYS_MUNMAP = 4091
SYS_TRUNCATE = 4092
SYS_FTRUNCATE = 4093
SYS_FCHMOD = 4094
SYS_FCHOWN = 4095
SYS_GETPRIORITY = 4096
SYS_SETPRIORITY = 4097
SYS_PROFIL = 4098
SYS_STATFS = 4099
SYS_FSTATFS = 4100
SYS_IOPERM = 4101
SYS_SOCKETCALL = 4102
SYS_SYSLOG = 4103
SYS_SETITIMER = 4104
SYS_GETITIMER = 4105
SYS_STAT = 4106
SYS_LSTAT = 4107
SYS_FSTAT = 4108
SYS_UNUSED109 = 4109
SYS_IOPL = 4110
SYS_VHANGUP = 4111
SYS_IDLE = 4112
SYS_VM86 = 4113
SYS_WAIT4 = 4114
SYS_SWAPOFF = 4115
SYS_SYSINFO = 4116
SYS_IPC = 4117
SYS_FSYNC = 4118
SYS_SIGRETURN = 4119
SYS_CLONE = 4120
SYS_SETDOMAINNAME = 4121
SYS_UNAME = 4122
SYS_MODIFY_LDT = 4123
SYS_ADJTIMEX = 4124
SYS_MPROTECT = 4125
SYS_SIGPROCMASK = 4126
SYS_CREATE_MODULE = 4127
SYS_INIT_MODULE = 4128
SYS_DELETE_MODULE = 4129
SYS_GET_KERNEL_SYMS = 4130
SYS_QUOTACTL = 4131
SYS_GETPGID = 4132
SYS_FCHDIR = 4133
SYS_BDFLUSH = 4134
SYS_SYSFS = 4135
SYS_PERSONALITY = 4136
SYS_AFS_SYSCALL = 4137
SYS_SETFSUID = 4138
SYS_SETFSGID = 4139
SYS__LLSEEK = 4140
SYS_GETDENTS = 4141
SYS__NEWSELECT = 4142
SYS_FLOCK = 4143
SYS_MSYNC = 4144
SYS_READV = 4145
SYS_WRITEV = 4146
SYS_CACHEFLUSH = 4147
SYS_CACHECTL = 4148
SYS_SYSMIPS = 4149
SYS_UNUSED150 = 4150
SYS_GETSID = 4151
SYS_FDATASYNC = 4152
SYS__SYSCTL = 4153
SYS_MLOCK = 4154
SYS_MUNLOCK = 4155
SYS_MLOCKALL = 4156
SYS_MUNLOCKALL = 4157
SYS_SCHED_SETPARAM = 4158
SYS_SCHED_GETPARAM = 4159
SYS_SCHED_SETSCHEDULER = 4160
SYS_SCHED_GETSCHEDULER = 4161
SYS_SCHED_YIELD = 4162
SYS_SCHED_GET_PRIORITY_MAX = 4163
SYS_SCHED_GET_PRIORITY_MIN = 4164
SYS_SCHED_RR_GET_INTERVAL = 4165
SYS_NANOSLEEP = 4166
SYS_MREMAP = 4167
SYS_ACCEPT = 4168
SYS_BIND = 4169
SYS_CONNECT = 4170
SYS_GETPEERNAME = 4171
SYS_GETSOCKNAME = 4172
SYS_GETSOCKOPT = 4173
SYS_LISTEN = 4174
SYS_RECV = 4175
SYS_RECVFROM = 4176
SYS_RECVMSG = 4177
SYS_SEND = 4178
SYS_SENDMSG = 4179
SYS_SENDTO = 4180
SYS_SETSOCKOPT = 4181
SYS_SHUTDOWN = 4182
SYS_SOCKET = 4183
SYS_SOCKETPAIR = 4184
SYS_SETRESUID = 4185
SYS_GETRESUID = 4186
SYS_QUERY_MODULE = 4187
SYS_POLL = 4188
SYS_NFSSERVCTL = 4189
SYS_SETRESGID = 4190
SYS_GETRESGID = 4191
SYS_PRCTL = 4192
SYS_RT_SIGRETURN = 4193
SYS_RT_SIGACTION = 4194
SYS_RT_SIGPROCMASK = 4195
SYS_RT_SIGPENDING = 4196
SYS_RT_SIGTIMEDWAIT = 4197
SYS_RT_SIGQUEUEINFO = 4198
SYS_RT_SIGSUSPEND = 4199
SYS_PREAD64 = 4200
SYS_PWRITE64 = 4201
SYS_CHOWN = 4202
SYS_GETCWD = 4203
SYS_CAPGET = 4204
SYS_CAPSET = 4205
SYS_SIGALTSTACK = 4206
SYS_SENDFILE = 4207
SYS_GETPMSG = 4208
SYS_PUTPMSG = 4209
SYS_MMAP2 = 4210
SYS_TRUNCATE64 = 4211
SYS_FTRUNCATE64 = 4212
SYS_STAT64 = 4213
SYS_LSTAT64 = 4214
SYS_FSTAT64 = 4215
SYS_PIVOT_ROOT = 4216
SYS_MINCORE = 4217
SYS_MADVISE = 4218
SYS_GETDENTS64 = 4219
SYS_FCNTL64 = 4220
SYS_RESERVED221 = 4221
SYS_GETTID = 4222
SYS_READAHEAD = 4223
SYS_SETXATTR = 4224
SYS_LSETXATTR = 4225
SYS_FSETXATTR = 4226
SYS_GETXATTR = 4227
SYS_LGETXATTR = 4228
SYS_FGETXATTR = 4229
SYS_LISTXATTR = 4230
SYS_LLISTXATTR = 4231
SYS_FLISTXATTR = 4232
SYS_REMOVEXATTR = 4233
SYS_LREMOVEXATTR = 4234
SYS_FREMOVEXATTR = 4235
SYS_TKILL = 4236
SYS_SENDFILE64 = 4237
SYS_FUTEX = 4238
SYS_SCHED_SETAFFINITY = 4239
SYS_SCHED_GETAFFINITY = 4240
SYS_IO_SETUP = 4241
SYS_IO_DESTROY = 4242
SYS_IO_GETEVENTS = 4243
SYS_IO_SUBMIT = 4244
SYS_IO_CANCEL = 4245
SYS_EXIT_GROUP = 4246
SYS_LOOKUP_DCOOKIE = 4247
SYS_EPOLL_CREATE = 4248
SYS_EPOLL_CTL = 4249
SYS_EPOLL_WAIT = 4250
SYS_REMAP_FILE_PAGES = 4251
SYS_SET_TID_ADDRESS = 4252
SYS_RESTART_SYSCALL = 4253
SYS_FADVISE64 = 4254
SYS_STATFS64 = 4255
SYS_FSTATFS64 = 4256
SYS_TIMER_CREATE = 4257
SYS_TIMER_SETTIME = 4258
SYS_TIMER_GETTIME = 4259
SYS_TIMER_GETOVERRUN = 4260
SYS_TIMER_DELETE = 4261
SYS_CLOCK_SETTIME = 4262
SYS_CLOCK_GETTIME = 4263
SYS_CLOCK_GETRES = 4264
SYS_CLOCK_NANOSLEEP = 4265
SYS_TGKILL = 4266
SYS_UTIMES = 4267
SYS_MBIND = 4268
SYS_GET_MEMPOLICY = 4269
SYS_SET_MEMPOLICY = 4270
SYS_MQ_OPEN = 4271
SYS_MQ_UNLINK = 4272
SYS_MQ_TIMEDSEND = 4273
SYS_MQ_TIMEDRECEIVE = 4274
SYS_MQ_NOTIFY = 4275
SYS_MQ_GETSETATTR = 4276
SYS_VSERVER = 4277
SYS_WAITID = 4278
SYS_ADD_KEY = 4280
SYS_REQUEST_KEY = 4281
SYS_KEYCTL = 4282
SYS_SET_THREAD_AREA = 4283
SYS_INOTIFY_INIT = 4284
SYS_INOTIFY_ADD_WATCH = 4285
SYS_INOTIFY_RM_WATCH = 4286
SYS_MIGRATE_PAGES = 4287
SYS_OPENAT = 4288
SYS_MKDIRAT = 4289
SYS_MKNODAT = 4290
SYS_FCHOWNAT = 4291
SYS_FUTIMESAT = 4292
SYS_FSTATAT64 = 4293
SYS_UNLINKAT = 4294
SYS_RENAMEAT = 4295
SYS_LINKAT = 4296
SYS_SYMLINKAT = 4297
SYS_READLINKAT = 4298
SYS_FCHMODAT = 4299
SYS_FACCESSAT = 4300
SYS_PSELECT6 = 4301
SYS_PPOLL = 4302
SYS_UNSHARE = 4303
SYS_SPLICE = 4304
SYS_SYNC_FILE_RANGE = 4305
SYS_TEE = 4306
SYS_VMSPLICE = 4307
SYS_MOVE_PAGES = 4308
SYS_SET_ROBUST_LIST = 4309
SYS_GET_ROBUST_LIST = 4310
SYS_KEXEC_LOAD = 4311
SYS_GETCPU = 4312
SYS_EPOLL_PWAIT = 4313
SYS_IOPRIO_SET = 4314
SYS_IOPRIO_GET = 4315
SYS_UTIMENSAT = 4316
SYS_SIGNALFD = 4317
SYS_TIMERFD = 4318
SYS_EVENTFD = 4319
SYS_FALLOCATE = 4320
SYS_TIMERFD_CREATE = 4321
SYS_TIMERFD_GETTIME = 4322
SYS_TIMERFD_SETTIME = 4323
SYS_SIGNALFD4 = 4324
SYS_EVENTFD2 = 4325
SYS_EPOLL_CREATE1 = 4326
SYS_DUP3 = 4327
SYS_PIPE2 = 4328
SYS_INOTIFY_INIT1 = 4329
SYS_PREADV = 4330
SYS_PWRITEV = 4331
SYS_RT_TGSIGQUEUEINFO = 4332
SYS_PERF_EVENT_OPEN = 4333
SYS_ACCEPT4 = 4334
SYS_RECVMMSG = 4335
SYS_FANOTIFY_INIT = 4336
SYS_FANOTIFY_MARK = 4337
SYS_PRLIMIT64 = 4338
SYS_NAME_TO_HANDLE_AT = 4339
SYS_OPEN_BY_HANDLE_AT = 4340
SYS_CLOCK_ADJTIME = 4341
SYS_SYNCFS = 4342
SYS_SENDMMSG = 4343
SYS_SETNS = 4344
SYS_PROCESS_VM_READV = 4345
SYS_PROCESS_VM_WRITEV = 4346
SYS_KCMP = 4347
SYS_FINIT_MODULE = 4348
SYS_SCHED_SETATTR = 4349
SYS_SCHED_GETATTR = 4350
SYS_RENAMEAT2 = 4351
SYS_SECCOMP = 4352
SYS_GETRANDOM = 4353
SYS_MEMFD_CREATE = 4354
SYS_BPF = 4355
SYS_EXECVEAT = 4356
SYS_USERFAULTFD = 4357
SYS_MEMBARRIER = 4358
SYS_MLOCK2 = 4359
SYS_COPY_FILE_RANGE = 4360
SYS_PREADV2 = 4361
SYS_PWRITEV2 = 4362
SYS_PKEY_MPROTECT = 4363
SYS_PKEY_ALLOC = 4364
SYS_PKEY_FREE = 4365
SYS_STATX = 4366
SYS_RSEQ = 4367
SYS_IO_PGETEVENTS = 4368
SYS_SEMGET = 4393
SYS_SEMCTL = 4394
SYS_SHMGET = 4395
SYS_SHMCTL = 4396
SYS_SHMAT = 4397
SYS_SHMDT = 4398
SYS_MSGGET = 4399
SYS_MSGSND = 4400
SYS_MSGRCV = 4401
SYS_MSGCTL = 4402
SYS_CLOCK_GETTIME64 = 4403
SYS_CLOCK_SETTIME64 = 4404
SYS_CLOCK_ADJTIME64 = 4405
SYS_CLOCK_GETRES_TIME64 = 4406
SYS_CLOCK_NANOSLEEP_TIME64 = 4407
SYS_TIMER_GETTIME64 = 4408
SYS_TIMER_SETTIME64 = 4409
SYS_TIMERFD_GETTIME64 = 4410
SYS_TIMERFD_SETTIME64 = 4411
SYS_UTIMENSAT_TIME64 = 4412
SYS_PSELECT6_TIME64 = 4413
SYS_PPOLL_TIME64 = 4414
SYS_IO_PGETEVENTS_TIME64 = 4416
SYS_RECVMMSG_TIME64 = 4417
SYS_MQ_TIMEDSEND_TIME64 = 4418
SYS_MQ_TIMEDRECEIVE_TIME64 = 4419
SYS_SEMTIMEDOP_TIME64 = 4420
SYS_RT_SIGTIMEDWAIT_TIME64 = 4421
SYS_FUTEX_TIME64 = 4422
SYS_SCHED_RR_GET_INTERVAL_TIME64 = 4423
SYS_PIDFD_SEND_SIGNAL = 4424
SYS_IO_URING_SETUP = 4425
SYS_IO_URING_ENTER = 4426
SYS_IO_URING_REGISTER = 4427
SYS_OPEN_TREE = 4428
SYS_MOVE_MOUNT = 4429
SYS_FSOPEN = 4430
SYS_FSCONFIG = 4431
SYS_FSMOUNT = 4432
SYS_FSPICK = 4433
SYS_PIDFD_OPEN = 4434
SYS_CLONE3 = 4435
SYS_CLOSE_RANGE = 4436
SYS_OPENAT2 = 4437
SYS_PIDFD_GETFD = 4438
SYS_FACCESSAT2 = 4439
)
``` |
The Riddle: Woman is a 1920 American silent drama film directed by Edward José, distributed by Pathé Exchange, and starring opera singer Geraldine Farrar in her last film. This film was also the film debut of Madge Bellamy.
Plot
As described in a film magazine, Lilla Gravert (Farrar) falls under the spell of the Eric Helsingor (Carleton), a captain of chance, only to be deceived by the rogue. She attempts suicide but is saved by Larz Olrik (Love) who, by the customs of his country, is engaged to Kristine (Blood). Larz induces Lilla to accept the invitation of Isaac Meyer (Stern), a friend of Lilla's late father, to come to America. There she and Larz are married. Larz is trustee of Kristine's estate and finds that much of her money is disappearing. Kristine has also become a victim of Helsingor's and is being blackmailed. Helsingor turns his attention to Marie Meyer (Bellamy), Isaac's motherless daughter, for his usual sinister purposes. Lilla insists that he must not carry out his plans. He offers to give her incriminating letters if she will not stand in his way. Lilla turns on him and is so glorious in her rage that Helsingor tells her that it is she that he wants. She is struggling with him when Kristine kills Helsingor and then commits suicide, removing Lilla and Marie's menace.
Cast
Geraldine Farrar as Lilla Gravert
Montagu Love as Larz Olrik
Adele Blood as Kristine
William P. Carleton as Eric Helsingor
Frank Losee as Sigurd Gravert
Madge Bellamy as Marie Meyer
Louis Stern as Isaac Meyer
Philippe De Lacy
Production
The production was filmed on location at Marblehead, Massachusetts and at the former Thanhouser Company studio in New Rochelle, New York.
Preservation status
It is not known whether the film currently survives.
References
External links
The Riddle: Woman at AllMovie
Still taken on set (University of Washington/Sayre Collection)
1920 films
American silent feature films
Films directed by Edward José
American films based on plays
1920 drama films
Silent American drama films
American black-and-white films
Pathé Exchange films
Associated Exhibitors films
1920s American films |
"Never Gonna Fall in Love Again" is a song co-written and recorded by American pop rock artist Eric Carmen. It was released as the second single from Carmen's self-titled debut solo album and peaked at No.11 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart in June 1976, remaining in the Top 40 for ten weeks. The song reached No.1 on the Billboard Easy Listening chart. In Canada, it was a hit at No. 1 on both charts.
The melody of "Never Gonna Fall in Love Again" is based on the third movement (Adagio) from Symphony No. 2 by Russian composer Sergei Rachmaninoff.
Billboard described the song as a "ballad with characteristically good Carmen lyrics and vocals and lush orchestration." Cash Box said that it "has a hook-filled melody and chorus" and that "the tune will doubtless be covered by many artists, but the others will have to work hard to measure up to Carmen's version of his own song." Record World called it a "lush offering driven by an emotive performance."
On his second solo LP, Boats Against the Current, Carmen had a subsequent Top 40 hit entitled "She Did It", a happy answer to the loneliness and lovelessness described in this song and its equally melancholy predecessor, "All By Myself".
Television performance
Carmen performed "Never Gonna Fall in Love Again" and his prior hit, "All By Myself" on The Midnight Special television program on July 23, 1976 (season 4, episode 37). The show was hosted by The Spinners.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Notable cover versions
Australian singer-songwriter Mark Holden's 1975 debut studio album Dawn in Darkness, which consisted entirely of original songs, was a commercial failure, selling only approximately 2,000 copies. In April 1976, Holden received a call from Colin Petersen, EMI Music Australia's A&R, who suggested he cover "Never Gonna Fall in Love Again". In his 2017 autobiography, Holden said recording it "was a chance for me to have a hit". He promoted the song by performing it on the Australian music television program Countdown while handing out red carnations to the audience. It became an infamous performance which led to Holden's nickname of "The Carnation Kid" His version, released in April 1976 as his debut single, peaked at No.13 on the Kent Music Report, becoming a commercial success. It was the 71st-biggest selling single in Australia in 1976.
Unlike "All by Myself," Carmen's version of "Never Gonna Fall in Love Again" was not released in Australia and therefore did not chart. Also in 1976, Dana reached No.31 in the UK with her cover of the song. Her British release charted concurrently with the versions by Carmen and Holden.
See also
List of number-one adult contemporary singles of 1976 (U.S.)
List of number-one singles of 1976 (Canada)
References
External links
ShieldSquare Captcha - Listen to "Never Gonna Fall in Love Again"
1975 songs
1976 singles
Eric Carmen songs
Mark Holden songs
John Travolta songs
Songs written by Eric Carmen
RPM Top Singles number-one singles
Song recordings produced by Jimmy Ienner
Rock ballads
Arista Records singles
Songs about heartache
Songs about loneliness
1970s ballads
Popular songs based on classical music |
Creeke is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
A. B. Creeke (1860–1932), British solicitor and early philatelist
Christopher Crabb Creeke (1820–1886), British architect and surveyor |
Kunimi Station is the name of multiple train stations in Japan.
Kunimi Station (Kōchi) - (国見駅) in Kōchi Prefecture
Kunimi Station (Miyagi) - (国見駅) in Miyagi Prefecture |
Engelmann Township is located in St. Clair County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 726 and it contained 288 housing units.
Geography
According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of , of which (or 99.29%) is land and (or 0.74%) is water.
Demographics
References
External links
City-data.com
St. Clair County Official Site
Illinois State Archives
Townships in St. Clair County, Illinois
Townships in Illinois |
Stepno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Biały Bór, within Szczecinek County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.
For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
Stepno is also part of the Russian-language place names Stepnogorsk in Kazakhstan (location of the Stepnogorsk Scientific and Technical Institute for Microbiology), Stepno-Baltay in the Irkutsk region and Stepno-Durasovo in the Samara region, as well as Russian place names Stepnoy or Stepnoye.
In the United States, Stepno begins to appear as a family name in census records in the early twentieth century, used by immigrants giving their birthplace as Russia, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Yugoslavia and (as "de Stepno" or "di Stepno") Italy.
On the Internet, the domain stepno.com was registered 06-mar-2000 to serve as the home page for a United States-based journalism, media studies and Web design professor by that name.
References
Stepno |
Small Town Murder Songs is a 2010 Canadian neo-noir crime film directed by Ed Gass-Donnelly. The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 14, 2010. The film is written by Gass-Donnelly, produced by Gass-Donnelly and Lee Kim, and stars Peter Stormare, Jill Hennessy, and Martha Plimpton.
Small Town Murder Songs was shot in Conestogo Lake, Listowel, Baden, Ontario and Palmerston in Ontario, Canada.
The film has been given a limited theatrical release in the United States beginning on May 26, 2011.
Plot
"A modern, gothic tale of crime and redemption about an aging police officer from a small Ontario Mennonite town who hides a violent past until a local murder upsets the calm of his newly reformed life."
Stephen Holden, writing for The New York Times, explained the story:
Cast
Peter Stormare as Walter
Martha Plimpton as Sam
Aaron Poole as Jim
Jill Hennessy as Rita
Jackie Burroughs as Olive
Ari Cohen as Washington
Stephen Eric McIntyre as Steve
Trent McMullen as Officer Kevin
Alexandria Benoit as Sarah
Amy Rutherford as Ava
Kat Germain as Jenny
Release
Monterey Media acquired the United States distribution rights in 2011. The limited United States theatrical release began at the O-Cinema in Wynwood, Miami, Florida. Monterey Media release the film on DVD in July 2011.
Festivals
Small Town Murder Songs was selected at the following film festivals:
Santa Catalina Film Festival - Winner Best Feature
Phoenix Film Festival - World Cinema Director
Whistler Film Festival - WINNER Best Actress
Torino Film Festival - WINNER Fipresci Critic’s Prize Best Film
International Film Festival Rotterdam
Toronto International Film Festival
Hamptons International Film Festival
Cucalorus Film Festival
Palm Springs International Film Festival
Santa Barbara International Film Festival
Cinequest Film Festival
Miami International Film Festival
Cleveland International Film Festival
Vail Film Festival
Dallas International Film Festival
Minneapolis-St. Paul International Film Festival
Reel Dakota Film Society/Film Festival
Seattle International Film Festival
Indianapolis International Film Festival
Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 79%, based on reviews from 19 critics, with an average score of 6.07/10. On Metacritic, the film has a score of 66 out of 100, based on reviews from 10 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
Stephen Cole from The Globe and Mail wrote a positive review, saying, "STMS succeeds as an Ontario Gothic mood piece".
Michael Rechtshafen of The Hollywood Reporter wrote that Small Town Murder Songs is "An effective ensemble backed by a bracingly haunting soundtrack" after its screening at the Santa Barbara International Film Festival; he also saw similarities with Winter's Bone and found "much to admire about this carefully drawn but concise character sketch, especially the strong performances and a unique, affectingly ominous score by folk-rock-gospel outfit Bruce Peninsula... The already dense ambience gets progressively heavier as the investigation continues, with Gass-Donnelly keeping a tight grip on the artful compositions. But as strong as those visuals are, what really ends up lingering long after the lights come up, is that Greek chorus of a soundtrack, its fire-and-brimstone, gothic-tinged take on traditional and original spirituals packing an unsettling, pious punch."
Dustin Hucks with Ain't It Cool News also saw the film at The Santa Barbara International Film Festival and said, "Small Town Murder Songs is definitely a winner in the stable of films showing at the Santa Barbara International Film Festival this year".
Holden of the New York Times wrote that the film "is not really a whodunit but a character study of a man squeezed in a psychological, spiritual and professional vise... Small Town Murder Songs is compellingly acted from top to bottom. As the raw passions of its hard-bitten characters seep into you, the songs hammer them even more deeply into your consciousness. The film's only flaw — a big one — is its brevity. When it ends after 76 minutes, you are left wishing it had included Walter's back story and had offered a more detailed picture of the town."
Shannon from Movie Moxie had wonderful things to say about the film: "The powerful score sets an impressive and all-encompassing atmosphere to the film". Robert Bell from Exclaim! had pleasant things to say about the film, stating that there were "some impressive cinematography and an understanding of tone through stillness and minor stylization make for a pleasant experience aesthetically". Howard Feinstein from Screen Daily praised writer/director Gass-Donnelly: "Ed Gass-Donnelly makes appropriate, unpretentiously artful, stylistic choices in this tale of redemption".
Alison Willmore of The A.V. Club, gave the film a grade B, with particular praise for the songs: "Who's responsible for the killing is never much of a mystery in Small Town Murder Songs; there are no dark conspiracies, only dark natures. The tension instead focuses on whether Stormare will be able to rein himself in when the investigation inexorably pulls him toward his old life. Everyone is so restrained, their turmoil buried so deep, that the depth of what they're feeling has to be excavated from what's left unsaid."
Awards
It won Best Feature at the 2011 Santa Catalina Film Festival and won Fipresci Critic’s Prize Best Film at the 2010 Torino International Film Festival.
Martha Plimpton won Best Actress at the 2010 Whistler International Film Festival for her performance in this film.
Ed Gass-Donnelly won World Cinema Director at the 2011 Phoenix Film Festival.
References
External links
English-language Canadian films
Canadian independent films
2010 films
2010 crime drama films
2010 crime thriller films
Canadian crime drama films
Canadian crime thriller films
Mennonitism in Canada
Mennonitism in popular culture
Films directed by Ed Gass-Donnelly
2010s Canadian films |
Zoran Kastel (born 22 October 1972) is a Croatian professional football manager and former player who most recently manager of Prva HNL club Varaždin.
Playing career
Club
Born in Varaždin, Kastel joined the youth academy of the local powerhouse Varteks. He was promoted to the club's first team squad for the 1998–99 season, and soon established himself as a regular member of the team, appearing in 23 league matches in his debut season. He had appeared in a total of 171 Prva HNL matches and scored 9 goals in his seven and a half seasons with Varteks, before leaving the club to join the Albanian Superliga side Dinamo Tirana during the winter break of the 2006–07 season. He played for the Albanian powerhouse for a season and a half, before retiring in July 2007.
Managerial career
Kastel worked as an assistant to Mladen Posavec in Saudi Arabia and as coach of the U17 team of Al Ittihad Kalba in the United Arab Emirates. He replaced Samir Toplak as manager of Varaždin in December 2020.
Managerial statistics
References
External links
Zoran Kastel at 1.HNL.net
1972 births
Living people
Footballers from Varaždin
Men's association football defenders
Croatian men's footballers
NK Osijek players
NK Belišće players
NK Inter Zaprešić players
NK Varaždin (1931–2015) players
FC Dinamo City players
Croatian Football League players
Kategoria Superiore players
Croatian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Albania
Croatian expatriate sportspeople in Albania
Croatian football managers
Croatian expatriate football managers
Croatian expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia
Croatian expatriate sportspeople in the United Arab Emirates |
Caloptilia alnicolella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Quebec and the United States (Colorado and Maine).
The larvae feed on Alnus species. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine starts as a small, tentiform mine on the underside of the leaf. Later, the tip of a leaf is rolled downward.
References
alnicolella
Moths of North America
Moths described in 1875 |
Harvard University adopted an official seal soon after it was founded in 1636 and named "Harvard College" in 1638; a variant is still used.
Each school within the university (Harvard College, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Law School, Harvard Extension School, Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, etc.) has its own distinctive shield as well, as do many other internal administrative units such as the Harvard College residential "Houses" and the Harvard Library. Many extracurricular organizationssuch as clubs, societies, and athletic teamsalso have their own shield, often based on the coat of arms of Harvard itself.
Harvard University coat of arms
Description
The Harvard University coat of arms, or shield, has a field of the color 'Harvard Crimson'. In the foreground are three open books with the word (Latin for 'truth') inscribed across them. This shield provides the basis for the shields of Harvard University's various schools.
Blazon
Gules, three open books Argent with edges of leaves and covers on the two sides and bottom and clasps Or, on the books VE - RI - TAS Sable.
History
The Harvard Board of Overseers originally designed the shield during meetings in December 1643 and January 1644. However, the design was forgotten until rediscovered by University President Josiah Quincy and revealed in the bicentennial celebrations of 1836. In 1843, the Harvard Corporation officially adopted it as a seal, and the seal in use today is very similar.
Faculty of Arts and Sciences (FAS)
Harvard College
Blazon: Arms of Harvard, differenced by a chevron argent between the books.
Each of the residential houses of Harvard College has its own arms, which are used commonly on merchandise, in architectural ornaments, on dining hall china, etc.
Graduate School of Arts and Science (GSAS)
John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS)
The School of Engineering and Applied Science has its roots in the Lawrence Scientific School, which was endowed by Abbott Lawrence. Since its incorporation as a division of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences in 1977, according to Mason Hammond, "it is properly no longer entitled to the use of separate arms." Nevertheless, SEAS continues to use its arms informally.
Blazon: Argent, a cross raguly (or ragged) gules, and a chief of Harvard (see below).
Extension School
The coat of arms for the Harvard Extension School was approved in 1983. At the top of the shield the three books spelling out Veritas (Latin, "truth") represent graduate education; a similar arrangement is seen on the arms of Harvard's law school, medical school, and other graduate schools. Instead of a straight line separating it from the rest of the shield, as is found in the other schools, a line with six arcs pointing up was used instead. A silver chevron was used to represent undergraduate education, a device used in the shield of Harvard College in the 17th to 19th centuries. Two bushels of wheat are included to represent John Lowell's stipulation that courses should not cost more than two bushels of wheat. A golden lamp symbolizes both learning and the fact that some classes are taught at night.
Graduate and Professional Schools
The shields of each of the graduate and professional schools have a standard chief (or top bar) of Harvard, taken from the University shield, formally blazoned "on a chief gules three open books argent with edges of leaves and covers on the two sides and bottom and clasps or, on the books VE - RI - TAS sable," abbreviated "a chief of Harvard." Most of the arms were designed by Pierre de Chaignon la Rose, an alumnus of Harvard College and expert on heraldry, on commission from the University as part of the preparations for the Tercentenary celebrations in 1936. According to Hammond, "La Rose used as the bases for arms of eight of the remaining ten Graduate Schools arms of families of the founders or benefactors. Only for the Dental School and the then School of Public Administration, later the Kennedy School of Government, did he invent the arms described below. He felt, however, that since the Graduate Schools had long used the ordinary Harvard Arms, he should incorporate in the arms which he designed an upper compartment in red (a chief gules) on which are displayed in a row the three white books bearing the VE - RI - TAS, i.e., a chief of Harvard...according to his practice."
Radcliffe Arms
Other arms
See also
Heraldry of Columbia University
Coat of arms of Yale University
References
Sources
Harvard University. Corporation. Seals, 1650-[1926]. UAI 15.1310, Harvard University Archives.
External links
Seal of approval, May 14, 2015, Harvard Gazette
Harvard
Harvard University |
The opening ceremony for the 2014 Commonwealth Games was held at Celtic Park in Glasgow, Scotland, between 21:00 and 23:40 BST, on 23 July 2014.
Proceedings
Countdown
The ceremony began with a dramatic countdown, starting at 30 seconds, which was then interrupted at 15 seconds by Scottish actor Ewan McGregor to announce a partnership with the 2014 Commonwealth Games and UNICEF. During this segment, McGregor claims that the games hope to "team up" with the viewers and would announce further details later in the show. The ceremony then continues with a countdown, starting from 14 seconds, with "The Mother We Share" by Chvrches playing, featuring arial shots of Glasgow, including the River Clyde and Clyde Arc.
Welcome to Scotland
The ceremony show begins with a camera zooming in on Scottish comedian Karen Dunbar who is sitting in the audience of Celtic Park. Dunbar stands up and begins to sing in a cappella accompanied by backing dancers, singing a song entitled "Welcome to Scotland". Dunbar is then joined by John Barrowman who emerges from behind a kilt in a car who transports him around the stadium on a tour around Scotland that has been created within the stadium, taking viewers through areas such as Ayrshire, where they focus on the works of Robert Burns, Gretna Green, significant as a place of marriage as the age of marriage in Scotland was lower than that elsewhere in the British Isles. The ceremony then focuses on the works of the River Clyde shipbuilding industry and the various ships constructed in Glasgow on the River Clyde during its peak of production.
The Highlands are represented through a rendition of "Loch Lomond" by Scottish band Runrig. Scottish culture is showcased through a variety of people dancing in costumes styled as Tunnock tea cakes, followed by a makeshift Loch Ness Monster being celebrated as a showcase of Scottish tourism and heraldry. Highland Cow, Highland pony and Dolly the Sheep are mentioned as a further showcase of Scottish culture and wildlife.
The ceremony recognises Scotland as the home of golf with a showcase focusing on St Andrews. Lastly, Barrowman then begins rapidly listing a list of Scottish inventions, such as the telephone, tyre, television and the toilet to name a few.
The segment finishes with Dunbar singing alone on top of the bus with a model of the Forth Bridge. Dunbar then begins singing "Welcome to Scotland" followed by the volunteers used during the opening production waving into the camera as they run off the platform. Barrowman is then seen standing on a constructed model of the Finnieston Crane with the message "Welcome to Glasgow" displayed in an LED screen behind him.
Come on In
Dunbar welcomes the crowd to the games and the broadcast cuts to thousands of spectators watching the ceremony at Glasgow Green. Amy MacDonald performs a rendition of "Rhythm of My Heart" in George Square with the public of Glasgow. Following a pre-recorded segment in George Square, MacDonald then sings part of the song in the stadium before welcoming Rod Stewart who then finishes off the song.
Arrival of the Queen
As with tradition at Commonwealth Games opening ceremonies, the Flag of India, Flag of Scotland and the Flag of Australia are raised, with India hosting the previous games in 2010, Scotland hosting the current games in 2014, and Australia hosting the next games in 2018. Susan Boyle performs a rendition of "Mull of Kintyre" to usher in Queen Elizabeth II accompanied by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. The British national anthem "God Save the Queen" was then performed. The Red Arrows fly over by, with blue and white smoke to symbolise the 2014 Commonwealth Games being held in Scotland.
Arrival of the Queen's Baton
The Queen's Baton is flown into Glasgow on a sea plane that lands on the River Clyde and is carried by broadcaster and cyclist Mark Beaumont.
Tartan display
In preparation for the Parade of Nations, volunteers perform to "Feel So Close" by Scottish DJ Calvin Harris, and music included by Andy Stewart as a tribute to his contribution to Scottish music and culture. Volunteer dancers are then seen erecting chairs for the athletes which were sourced across Glasgow. 500 volunteer dancers were used for this segment of the ceremony.
Parade of Nations
The ceremony was directed by David Zolkwer and included the 2014 Commonwealth Games Parade of Nations where 71 athletes, bearing the flags of their respective nations and territories, led their national delegations as they paraded into the stadium. The games were formally opened by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. She referred to the Commonwealth's "shared ideals and ambitions" and the "bonds that unite" its members.
During the Parade of Nations at the 2014 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony, held on 23 July 2014, 71 athletes bearing the flags of their respective nations lead their national delegations as they paraded into Celtic Park in the host city of Glasgow, Scotland. Each team was led out by a Scottish Terrier, wearing a jacket bearing the name of the country, followed by the flag bearer for that nation.
As the host of the last games, India entered first, followed by the rest of the Asian countries competing. Following this was Oceania, Africa, the Caribbean, the Americas and finally Europe. The Scotland team entered last, representing the host nation. In all cases nations entered in alphabetic order of their country names in English within their regions (besides India and Scotland).
In honouring the victims of the Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 tragedy that occurred the week before the opening ceremony, the Malaysian delegation was led by eight athletes in Malaysia Airlines cabin crew uniform while the remaining athletes and officials wore black armbands, and the national flag was at half mast. A minute's silence was also observed.
Countries and flagbearers
Below is a list of parading countries and their announced flag bearer, in the same order as the parade. This is sortable by country name, flag bearer's name, or flag bearer's sport. Names are given in the form officially designated by the CGF. The first team to enter the stadium was India, host of the 2010 Commonwealth Games, maintaining the tradition of the immediate previous host nation entering first.
Programme
The programme, which included about 2,000 performers, featured Karen Dunbar, John Barrowman, Amy Macdonald, Rod Stewart, Susan Boyle, Nicola Benedetti, Julie Fowlis, Pumeza Matshikiza, Eric Whitacre and the National Youth Choir of Scotland, as well as a message from the International Space Station. The ceremony began with a countdown and a recorded video message from Scottish actor Ewan McGregor, explaining the partnership between the Games and UNICEF.
Following the arrival of the Queen there was a flypast by the Red Arrows display team. The venue featured the largest LED video screen in Europe, supplied by Sports Technology. Scotland's then First Minister Alex Salmond welcomed the participants and spectators, and introduced a moment of silence in memory of the Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 disaster.
The final part of the Queen's Baton Relay was run by 32 Scottish volunteers nominated for giving their time to developing the nation's youth through sport. The baton was then passed to Sir Chris Hoy, who delivered it to President of the Commonwealth Games Federation Prince Imran and the Queen. The display of the message concealed within the baton was delayed by a difficulty in opening the device.
The Games were launched in partnership with UNICEF, to save and change children’s lives. The unique partnership aimed "to use the power of sport to reach every child in Scotland and benefit children in every Commonwealth nation and territory."
Broadcast
The ceremony was broadcast by BBC One, and was introduced by Gary Lineker, Hazel Irvine, Clare Balding and Huw Edwards. The estimated worldwide television audience was one billion, with 9 million in the UK.
References
External links
Official ceremonies page
Opening Ceremony
Commonwealth Games opening ceremonies
Ceremonies in the United Kingdom
Articles containing video clips |
Coleham is a district of the town of Shrewsbury in Shropshire, England. It is located just south, over the River Severn, from Shrewsbury town centre.
History
Coleham grew up as a village outside medieval Shrewsbury, with the nearest crossing over the Severn to the town being the Stone Bridge (now the English Bridge). Shrewsbury Abbey and its associated lands and buildings were nearby. The Rea Brook separates Coleham from the other old suburb on this end of town – Abbey Foregate.
Coleham is centered on the Shrewsbury to Longden road, which as it passes through Coleham itself is called "Longden Coleham". The Victorian suburb of Belle Vue grew up south of Coleham, and the wealthy suburb of Kingsland (which centres on Shrewsbury School) grew up west of Coleham.
The first large scale industrial building in Shrewsbury arose in Coleham when in 1790 the firm of Powis & Hodge built three factory buildings on land bought from John Carline at the junction of Longden Coleham and Coleham Head beside the Severn. A waterwheel and steam engine powered carding engines, spinning jennies and fulling facilities. The firm failed by 1799 but the buildings were sold in 1803 to Charles Hulbert and partners from Manchester for weaving cotton calicoes. It came to employ 200 people but it was given up after Hulbert, following reversals, left the cotton industry and handed the lease back to its lease-owner John Carline (Junior) in 1825. The buildings were converted by the Carlines into (now demolished) workers' cottages. In 1793 ironmaster William Hazledine purchased land at Coleham, where he set up a larger foundry with steam-powered equipment. The foundry eventually employed several hundred workers. In 1796 he cast the frame for the Ditherington Flax Mill designed by Charles Bage, the world's first iron-framed building.
The former Trouncer Brewery was established in Coleham on the banks of the Severn in 1807: it closed in 1954 when acquired by Ind Coope. The brewery buildings are listed Grade II and have since been converted to private residences.
Today, Coleham is connected to the town centre by a pedestrian footbridge, the Greyfriars Bridge, though the nearest vehicular crossing remains the English Bridge. There are shops and public houses along Longden Coleham, as well as a primary school. The Coleham Pumping Station is a visitor destination and is located on Longden Coleham.
Greyfriars Bridge in Coleham is the starting point for Regional Cycle Route 32/33 to Church Stretton (and further on, Craven Arms).
The area suffered badly from flooding in 2000, which entirely took hold of Longden Coleham and other low-lying streets in the area. Since then a number of measures have been taken to alleviate flooding problems in the Coleham and Abbey Foregate areas.
Barnabas Community Church
The Barnabas Community Church is located on Longden Coleham, where it converted and extended a former Territorial Army drill hall, acquired in 1995, for its use. The Barnabas Centre within its premises is now a multi-use church centre with many community agencies using the facilities, such as an NHS pop-up Blood Donor clinic
There are also many community projects run from the sub charity 'Barnabas Community Projects.' These include a foodbank, a money advice centre and a '360 Journey to Work' programme. Also run by the Church in term-time every week is a toddler group, 'Barneytots;' a youth group, 'Impact,' and a children's (aged 5–11) after school club, 'Kidzklub.'
Railways
The Welsh Marches Line (and Cambrian Line) runs through the area, partially on a long brick viaduct which crosses over the Abbey Foregate road, between Severn Bridge Junction and Sutton Bridge Junction. There were once extensive engine sheds and other railway related activities in the area. There remains a permanent way depot – Coleham Depot – and in 2008 a new inspection shed for the Class 97/3 locomotives was built.
Notable people
Charles Hulbert, later a writer, was a factory leaseholder in Coleham.
Servant of God Mary Joseph Prout, founder of the Passionist Order of nuns, was born in Coleham in 1820.
See also
Cadfael
Railways of Shropshire
References
Suburbs of Shrewsbury
Rail transport in Shropshire
Populated places on the River Severn |
The Rochester Lawn Tennis Tournament was a late-19th-century men's grass court tennis tournament founded in 1886. The tournament was organised by the Rochester Lawn Club and was first staged at the Rochester, New York, United States. The tournament ran annually until to 1893 when it was discontinued.
History
In 1886 the Rochester Lawn Club was established. The same year a new annual lawn tournament was established, and the winner of the inaugural singles event was the finalist at the 1885 U.S. National Championships, Godfrey Brinley. In 1888 the event was by won one of the semi-finalists from the 1886 U.S. National Championships, Charles Amherst Chase. The final mens singles event was held 1893 that was won by Frederick Kemp (Fritz) Ward. In 1915 the venue changed its name to the Tennis Club of Rochester. During World War I the club was host for the Red Cross Tournament that featured Molla" Bjurstedt Mallory
See also
Rochester Open (an early English tennis tournament from 1881 to 1924).
References
Grass court tennis tournaments
Defunct tennis tournaments in the United States |
Natallia Mikhnevich (, née , Kharaneka; born May 25, 1982, in Nevinnomyssk, Russian SFSR) is a Belarusian shot putter.
Career
Mikhnevich finished third at the 2000 World Junior Championships, but first appeared on the international athletics scene at the 2004 Olympics, where she finished fifth. She was also fifth at the World Athletics Final later that year, and in 2005 won the bronze medal. In 2006, she won the World Indoor Championships in Russia with a new personal best indoor throw of 19.84 metres. Her outdoor personal best is 20.70 metres, achieved in July 2008 in Grodno.
She originally won a silver medal in women's shot put at the 2008 Summer Olympics but in November 2016 was stripped of that medal after re-analysis of her drug sample tested positive for prohibited substances methandienone and stanozolol. Mikhnevich had previously served a two-year competition ban for the use of a prohibited substance, Stanozolol, lasting from 12 April 2013 to 11 April 2015.
Since March 2007 she is married to Belarusian shot putter Andrei Mikhnevich.
Achievements
References
1982 births
Living people
Belarusian female shot putters
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Belarus
World Athletics Championships athletes for Belarus
European Athletics Championships medalists
Doping cases in athletics
Belarusian sportspeople in doping cases
Competitors stripped of Summer Olympics medals
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
People from Nevinnomyssk
FISU World University Games gold medalists for Belarus
World Athletics Indoor Championships winners
Competitors at the 2003 Summer Universiade
Medalists at the 2005 Summer Universiade |
Zen 49 was a group of German artists, who came together in the gallery "Otto Stangl" in Munich in July 1949. Originally the Gruppe der Ungegenständlichen, they took the name Zen 49 the following year. The seven members were Willi Baumeister, Rolf Cavael, Gerhard Fietz, Rupprecht Geiger, Willy Hempel, Brigitte Meier-Denninghoff and Fritz Winter. They were joined by Bernard Schultze in 1955.
Their first exhibition was held in June 1949 in the Munich Amerikahaus. The group continued to exhibit until 1957. Retrospectives exhibitions were held in Baden-Baden in 1987,Centre d'art contemporain de Saint-Priest in France in 1989 and in Munich in 1999.
References
German artist groups and collectives |
Dębówiec-Towarzystwo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wilczyn, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
References
Villages in Konin County |
Bethel is a suburb on the east side of St Austell in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom (where the population was included). Bethel is included within the St Austell Bethel division of Cornwall Council. It is located at
Cornish wrestling
Cornish wrestling tournaments were held in field situated midway between Sandy and Bethel in the 1900s.
References
St Austell
Populated places in Cornwall |
Cimanggis is an administrative district in the city of Depok, within the province of West Java, Indonesia. Cimanggis is located in the north of Depok. It covers an area of 21.58 km2 and had a population of 241,979 at the 2010 Census; the latest official estimate (as at mid 2018) is 324,343.
Village
Cimanggis is divided in 6 Villages:
Curug
Harjamukti
Cisalak Pasar
Mekarsari
Pasir Gunung Selatan
References
Depok
Populated places in West Java |
Hecyroides lateriplagiata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Hecyroides. It was described by Breuning in 1938.
References
Crossotini
Beetles described in 1938
Monotypic beetle genera |
Thread Routes is a 16mm film series by artist Kimsooja.
Divided into six chapters, Thread Routes takes place in six different cultural zones around the world. The artist considers her approach to this film as a 'visual poem' and a 'visual anthropology', in that it juxtaposes and presents structural similarities in performative elements of textile culture with the structures in nature, architecture, agriculture and gender relationships in different cultures. These non-descriptive and unnarrative documentary films were conceived after being inspired in Bruges, Belgium, in 2002, by the performative elements of traditional lace making, and the city's architectural structure.
The first chapter, completed in 2010, explores Peruvian weaving culture, and its tight alignment with its landscapes and historic archeological structures. This piece journeys throughout the country, from the Sacred Valley around Cusco and Machu Picchu to the Taquila Island villages, forming a non-linear timeline of the connection between people and their geographical environment.
Chapter II, which finished filming in the summer of 2011, focused on European lace making actions such as bobbin lace-making from Bruges (Belgium), Lepoglava and Pag (Croatia); industrial lace-making in Calais (France); needle point lace-making by nuns in a monastery in Hvar (Croatia) who use threads from dry aloe leaves; and traditional needlepoint on the small island of Burano (Italy). These scenes are set against representative European architecture such as the Duomo in Milan; the Eiffel Tower in Paris; and the Sedlec Ossuary in Kutna Hora (Czech Republic), which is decorated by human bones and skulls. Local vegetation and flowers overlap with scenes from La Alhambra in Granada (Spain) which, in its detailed and complex decorative Islamic architectural forms, conveys a spatial sensibility and a spiritual dimension that is mirrored in lace-making. The bold, masculine, and power-oriented monumental architectural forms are revealed as similar acts to the delicate, feminine, and ephemeral textile making.
The third chapter (2012) journeys to India and studies the traditions of dyeing, sewing, weaving, embroidery, tattoo and woodblock printing; juxtaposing them with the archeological structures and temporary housing structures of the nomadic communities in Gujara, as well as the Step Well and the Sun Temple in Ahmedabad.
In 2014, Kimsooja filmed Chapter IV in China, where she encountered the specific weaving, dyeing and garment culture of the Miao minority in the Guizhou, Hainan and Yunnan provinces. These are depicted alongside elaborate silver adornment and paper making, as well as the ancient local housing structures in Fujian, the rice terraces of Yunnan and the landscapes of Guizhou and Hainan.
Shot in 2015 in New Mexico, Arizona and Utah, Thread Routes – Chapter V explores native American textile culture and the landscape inhabited by the various groups visited.
In early 2019 the last chapter was shot in Morocco.
The first three chapters were presented at Guggenheim Bilbao between March and July 2015.
References
External links
http://guggenheim-bilbao.es/en/exhibitions/kimsooja-thread-routes/
https://web.archive.org/web/20150226023659/http://www.heartmus.dk/kimsooja-3472.aspx
http://nmwa.org/events/conversation-piece-thread-routes%E2%80%94chapter-1
Performances
Video art
Korean art
Textiles |
Steve Fox is a Canadian singer-songwriter. He was born in Brampton, Ontario and raised in Coquitlam, British Columbia, a suburb of Vancouver. He then moved to Toronto in the early 1980s to pursue a career in music. He got his break in 1995 with a rock LP "Where The Blue Moon Rises" followed by a CD "The Days Of My Youth", but in 2001 he released his platinum album Small World which led to notable singles "Small Town", "Cheap Red Wine" and "Couple On The Cake", a duet with Beverley Mahood and a video featuring Leslie Nielsen. Steve released the album "Lunch With Chet" with the single "Dream On". He also is noted for writing the Montgomery Gentry single "Daddy Won't Sell The Farm". Currently, Steve is producing records for other artists. Steve released his single "If My Life Was a Movie" in January 2007.
Discography
Studio albums
Singles
Music videos
External links
Canadian male singer-songwriters
Canadian country singer-songwriters
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Musicians from Brampton
People from Coquitlam
20th-century Canadian male singers
20th-century Canadian guitarists
21st-century Canadian guitarists
Canadian male guitarists
21st-century Canadian male singers
20th-century Canadian singer-songwriters
21st-century Canadian singer-songwriters |
Tracey Nicole Cross, OAM (born 4 December 1972) is an Australian visually impaired swimmer. She won ten medals at three Paralympics, from 1992 to 2000.
Personal
Cross was born in the Western Australian city of Bunbury on 4 December 1972. She has been blind since birth; in a 2000 interview, she said that the light perception that she had in one eye was "almost useless". She was left out of sporting activities at school, and started swimming at the age of 15. She took the sport casually at first, but took it more seriously when she found that she had a natural aptitude for swimming.
In 1994, she obtained a law degree from Murdoch University. After working in that field for some years, she became a massage therapist; she works in a natural health clinic in West Perth. Cross developed her passion for massage after she sustained a neck and shoulder injury while training for the 2000 Sydney Paralympics.
Swimming career
Cross won her first international gold medal in the women's 400 m Freestyle B1 at the 1990 World Championships and Games for the Disabled in Assen, Netherlands.
At the 1992 Barcelona Games, she won two gold medals in the Women's 100 m Freestyle B1 and Women's 400 m Freestyle B1 events, and two silver medals in the Women's 100 m Backstroke B1 and Women's 200 m Medley B1 events; she also came fourth in both the Women's 100 m Butterfly B1 and Women's 50 m Freestyle B1 events.
She won two gold medals at the 1996 Atlanta Games in the Women's 100 m Butterfly B1 and the Women's 200 m Medley B1 events, and a silver medal in the Women's 50 m Freestyle B1 event; she also came fifth in the Women's 100 m Backstroke B1 event and came seventh in the heats of the Women's 400 m Freestyle B2 event.
She spoke the Paralympic oath at the opening ceremony of the 2000 Sydney Paralympics. In the competition, she received two silver medals in the Women's 100 m Freestyle S11 and the Women's 400 m Freestyle S11 events, and a bronze medal in the Women's 50 m Freestyle S11 event; she also came fifth in the Women's 200 m Medley SM11 event and eighth in the Women's 100 m Backstroke S11 event.
Recognition
In 1993, Cross received a Medal of the Order of Australia for her 1992 Paralympic gold medals. In that year, she also received the Western Australian Citizen of the Year Award in the Youth category. On 14 November 2000, she received an Australian Sports Medal "For Service to Sport as a gold Medallist at the Paralympic Games". She received a Centenary Medal on 1 January 2001 "For service to the community through Paralympic swimming". In 2009, she was inducted into the Swimming Western Australia Hall of Fame.
References
Female Paralympic swimmers for Australia
Swimmers at the 1992 Summer Paralympics
Swimmers at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Swimmers at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic gold medalists for Australia
Paralympic silver medalists for Australia
Paralympic bronze medalists for Australia
Paralympic medalists in swimming
S11-classified para swimmers
Medalists at the World Para Swimming Championships
Australian female freestyle swimmers
Australian female medley swimmers
Australian female backstroke swimmers
Australian female butterfly swimmers
Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia
Recipients of the Australian Sports Medal
Sportspeople from Bunbury, Western Australia
Sportswomen from Western Australia
Murdoch University alumni
Paralympic swimmers with a vision impairment
Australian blind people
1972 births
Living people |
Nome (; (, , also Sitŋazuaq, Siqnazuaq)) is a city in the Nome Census Area in the Unorganized Borough of Alaska, United States. The city is located on the southern Seward Peninsula coast on Norton Sound of the Bering Sea. It had a population of 3,699 recorded in the 2020 census, up from 3,598 in 2010. Nome was incorporated on April 9, 1901, and was once the most-populous city in Alaska. Nome lies within the region of the Bering Straits Native Corporation, which is headquartered in Nome.
In pre-history, Nome was home to Iñupiat natives. The area came to Western attention in 1898, when three Nordic-Americans discovered gold on the ocean shores of Nome, prompting the Nome Gold Rush. Within a year the city went from non-existent to a population of some 10,000. Gold mining continued to attract settlers into the 1900's, but the city's population had fallen considerably by 1910. A series of fires and violent storms destroyed most of Nome's Gold Rush era buildings between 1905 and 1974. In the winter of 1925, a diphtheria epidemic raged among Alaska Natives in the Nome area. Fierce territory-wide blizzard conditions prevented the delivery of a life-saving diphtheria antitoxin serum by airplane from Anchorage. A relay of dog sled teams was organized to deliver the serum, which was successfully led by Balto and Togo. Today, the Iditarod Dog Sled Race follows the same route they took and ends in Nome.
In the 21st century, Nome's economy remains based around gold mining, which is now mostly carried out offshore. The city of Nome also claims to be home to the world's largest gold pan, although this claim has been disputed by the Canadian city of Quesnel, British Columbia.
Etymology
The origin of the city's name "Nome" is debated; there are three theories. The first is that the name was given by Nome's founder, Jafet Lindeberg, an immigrant from Norway. Nome appears as a toponym in several places in Norway.
A second theory is that Nome received its name through an error: allegedly when a British cartographer copied an ambiguous annotation made by a British officer on a nautical chart, while on a voyage up the Bering Strait. The officer had written "? Name" next to the unnamed cape. The mapmaker misread the annotation as "C. Nome", or Cape Nome, and used that name on his own chart; the city in turn took its name from the cape. Noted toponymist and historian George R. Stewart favored this explanation, citing a letter from the British Admiralty which allegedly confirmed the story from historical records.
The third proposed origin of the name is from a misunderstanding of the local Inupiaq word for "Where at?", Naami.
In February 1899, some local miners and merchants voted to change the name from Nome to Anvil City, because of the confusion with Cape Nome, east, and the Nome River, the mouth of which is east of Nome. The United States Post Office in Nome refused to accept the change. Fearing a move of the post office to Nome City, a mining camp on the Nome River, the merchants unhappily agreed to change the name of Anvil City back to Nome.
Geography and climate
Nome is located at (64.503889, −165.399444).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and (41.99%) is water.
Nome has a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc), with long, very cold winters, and short, cool summers. However, conditions in both winter and summer are moderated by the city's coastal location; winters are less severe than in the Interior, and conversely, summers are lukewarm. For example, Fairbanks at a similar parallel quite far inland has much greater temperature swings with both very warm and cold temperatures throughout the year. Even so, Nome is influenced by Far East Russia's cold landmass and as a result the climate is much colder than in coastal Scandinavia at similar latitudes.
The coldest month is January, averaging , although highs on average breach the freezing point on 2–4 days per month from December to March and there are 76 days annually of or lower temperatures, which have been recorded as early as October 12 in 1996 and as late as May 5 in 1984. Average highs stay below freezing from late October until late April, and the average first and last dates of freezing lows are August 30 and June 9, respectively, a freeze-free period of 81 days. The warmest month is July, with an average of ; temperatures rarely reach or remain above the whole night. Snow averages per season, with the average first and last dates of measurable (≥) snowfall being October 4 and May 16; accumulating snow has not been officially observed in July or August. Precipitation is greatest in the summer months, and averages per year. The annual average temperature is .
Extreme temperatures range from on January 27–28, 1989 up to on June 19, 2013 and July 31, 1977; the record cold daily maximum is , set on January 28–29, 1919, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is on July 20, 1993 and August 14, 1926. The coldest day of the year averaged in the 1991 to 2020 normals, while the warmest night average was at . The coldest has been February 1990 with a mean temperature of , while the warmest month was August 1977 at ; the annual mean temperature has ranged from in 1920 to in 2016.
Bering Sea water temperatures around Nome vary during summer from .
Note
Demographics
Nome first appeared on the 1900 US Census as an unincorporated village of 12,488 residents. At the time, it was the largest community in Alaska, ahead of Skagway and Juneau, the 2nd and 3rd largest places. The demographics for 1900 included 12,395 Whites, 42 Natives, 41 Asians and 10 Blacks. It was incorporated as a city in 1901. By 1910, it had fallen to 2,600 residents. Of those, 2,311 were White, 235 were Natives and 54 for all other races. It dropped to the 2nd largest city in Alaska behind Fairbanks. By 1920, it dropped to 9th place, with just 852 residents.
In 1930, it rose to 6th largest with 1,213 residents (882 Whites, 326 Natives, 5 others). In 1940, it remained in 6th place with 1,559 residents. It dropped to 10th place in 1950 with 1,876 residents. In 1960, it rose to 8th place with 2,316 residents (with 1,608 "other", which was mostly Native; 705 Whites and 3 Blacks). By 1970, Nome had fallen out of the top 10 places to 18th largest community (although 9th largest incorporated city). In 1980, it was 15th largest (12th largest incorporated city). In 1990, it was 16th largest (12th largest incorporated city). In 2000, it was 25th largest (16th largest incorporated city). In 2010, it was now the 30th largest (16th largest incorporated city).
As of the 2000 United States Census, there were 3,505 people, 1,184 households, and 749 families in the city. The population density was . There were 1,356 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 51.0% Native American, 37.9% White, 1.5% Asian, 0.9% Black or African American, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.4% from other races, and 8.2% from two or more races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.2% of the population.
There were 1,184 households, out of which 38.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.7% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.7% were non-families. 27.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.45.
The city population contained 31.9% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 32.1% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 6.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 115.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 117.8 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $59,402, and the median income for a family was $68,804. Males had a median income of $50,521 versus $35,804 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,402. About 5.4% of families and 6.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.3% under the age of 18 and 6.9% ages 65 or older.
The population of Nome is a mixture of Inupiat Eskimos and non-Natives. Although some employment opportunities are available, subsistence activities are prevalent in the community. A federally recognized tribe is located in the community, the Nome Eskimo Community. Former villagers from King Island also live in Nome. The ANCSA village corporation in Nome is Sitnasuak Native Corporation.
History
Pre-history
Inupiat hunted for game on the west coast of Alaska from prehistoric times and there is recent archeological evidence to suggest that there was an Inupiat settlement at Nome, known in Inupiat as Sitnasuak, before the discovery of gold.
Gold rush
In the summer of 1898, the "Three Lucky Swedes": Norwegian-American Jafet Lindeberg, and two naturalized American citizens of Swedish birth, Erik Lindblom and John Brynteson, discovered gold on Anvil Creek. News of the discovery reached the outside world that winter. By 1899, Nome had a population of 10,000 and the area was organized as the Nome mining district. In that year, gold was found in the beach sands for dozens of miles along the coast at Nome, which spurred the stampede to new heights. Thousands more people poured into Nome during the spring of 1900 aboard steamships from the ports of Seattle and San Francisco. By 1900, a tent city on the beaches and on the treeless coast reached , from Cape Rodney to Cape Nome. In June of that year, Nome averaged 1000 newcomers a day.
In 1899, Charles D. Lane founded Wild Goose Mining & Trading Co. His company constructed the Wild Goose Railroad from Nome to Dexter Discovery; it was extended (1906-1908) to the village of Shelton, also known as Lanes Landing.
Many late-comers tried to "jump" the original claims by filing mining claims covering the same ground. The federal judge for the area ruled the original claims valid, but some of the claim jumpers agreed to share their invalid claims with influential Washington politicians. Alexander McKenzie took an interest in the gold rush and secured the appointment of Arthur Noyes as the federal district judge for the Nome region for the purpose of taking control of gold placer mines in Nome. McKenzie seized mining claims with an unlawfully procured receivership granted by Judge Noyes. McKenzie's claim-jumping scheme was eventually stopped by the federal Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. However, the episode provided the plot for Rex Beach's best-selling novel The Spoilers (1906), which was made into a stage play, then five times into movies, including two versions starring John Wayne: The Spoilers (co-starring Marlene Dietrich) and North to Alaska (1960, the theme of which mentions Nome.) Wyatt Earp, of Tombstone, Arizona, fame, lived in Nome during gold-rush days - in September 1899, Earp and partner Charles E. Hoxie built the Dexter Saloon, the city's first two-story wooden building and its largest and most luxurious saloon out of more than 60 saloons.
During the period from 1900 to 1909, estimates of Nome's population reached as high as 20,000. The highest recorded population of Nome, in the 1900 United States Census, was 12,488. At this time, Nome was the largest city in the Alaska Territory. Early in this period, the U.S. Army policed the area, and expelled any inhabitant each autumn who did not have shelter (or the resources to pay for shelter) for the harsh winter.
By 1910 Nome's population had fallen to 2,600, and by 1934, to less than 1,500.
In May 1910, the Industrial Worker, the newspaper of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), published a notice from the Nome Miners' Union and Local 240 of the Western Federation of Miners for all unemployed workers to stay away, saying that "All the rich mines are practically worked out."
Fires in 1905 and 1934, as well as violent storms in 1900, 1913, 1945 and 1974, destroyed much of Nome's gold rush-era architecture. The pre-fire "Discovery Saloon" is now a private residence and is being slowly restored as a landmark.
The Black Wolf Squadron, under the command of Capt. St. Clair Streett, landed here on August 23, 1920, after the culmination of a 4527-mile flight from Mitchel Field. Noel Wien and Gene Miller based their air services from Nome in June 1927.
Serum run
In 1925, Nome was the destination of the famous Great Race of Mercy, in which dog sleds played a large part in transporting diphtheria antitoxin serum through harsh conditions. In 1973, Nome became the ending point of the 1,049+ mi (1,600+ km) Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race. The latter part of its route was used in the serum run.
The sled driver of the final leg of the relay was the Norwegian-born Gunnar Kaasen; his lead sled dog was Balto. A statue of Balto by F.G. Roth stands near the Central Park Zoo in Central Park, New York City. Leonhard Seppala ran the penultimate, and longest, leg of the 1925 serum run to Nome. One of his dogs, Togo, is considered the forgotten hero of the Great Race of Mercy; another of his dogs, Fritz, is preserved and on display at the Carrie M. McLain Memorial Museum in Nome.
World War II and later
During World War II, Nome was the last stop on the ferry system for planes flying from the United States to the Soviet Union for the Lend-lease program. The airstrip currently in use was built and troops were stationed there. One "Birchwood" hangar remains and has been transferred to a local group with hopes to restore it. It is not located on the former Marks Air Force Base (now the primary Nome Airport); rather it is a remnant of an auxiliary landing field a mile or so away: "Satellite Field". In the hills north of the city, there were auxiliary facilities associated with the Distant Early Warning system that are visible from the city but are no longer in use.
Total gold production for the Nome district has been at least .
Nome's population decline continued after 1910 although at a fairly slow rate. By 1950 Nome had 1,852 inhabitants. By 1960 the population of Nome had climbed to 2,316. At this point placer gold mining was still the leading economic activity. The local Alaska Native population was involved in ivory carving and the U.S. military had stationed troops in the city also contributing to the local economy.
The Hope Sled Dog Race was run between Anadyr, Russia, and Nome after the fall of the Soviet Union. The race continued for more than a decade, but has not been run since approximately 2004.
Economy
Gold mining has been a major source of employment and revenue for Nome through to the present day. Mining's contribution to the town was estimated at $6 million a year in 1990 (~$ in ), before a major increase in the price of gold brought renewed interest to offshore leases (where 1,000,000 ounces of gold were estimated to be in reserve) and a subsequent boom in revenues and employment.
The Discovery Channel has featured 15 seasons of "Bering Sea Gold" concerning offshore efforts to dredge gold both in summer and winter; in the latter season access is gained by making holes in the ice and sending a diver beneath to dredge the sea floor.
Education
Higher education
The University of Alaska Fairbanks operates a regional satellite facility in Nome called the Northwest Campus (formerly known as Northwest Community College).
Public schools
Nome is served by Nome Public Schools and the following public schools attended by over 720 students:
Anvil City Science Academy, a 5–8 charter magnet, is also part of the school district.
Extensions Correspondence School
Nome-Beltz Junior/Senior High School, serves grades 7–12.
Nome Elementary School, serves grades K–6.
Nome Youth Facility.
Private schools
Nome Adventist School, a private school encompassing grades 1 through 9.
Media
Nome's airwaves are filled by the radio stations KNOM (780 AM, 96.1 FM) and KICY (850 AM, 100.3 FM), plus a repeater of Fairbanks' KUAC, K217CK, on 91.3 FM.
Cable television and broadband in Nome is serviced by GCI, which offers all popular cable channels, plus most of Anchorage's television stations. Nome also has three local low-powered stations, K09OW channel 9 and K13UG channel 13 (both carrying programming from ARCS), plus K11TH channel 11 (a 3ABN owned and operated translator).
Nome is home to Alaska's oldest newspaper, the Nome Nugget.
Transportation
Airports
Nome is a regional center of transportation for surrounding villages. There are two state-owned airports:
Nome Airport – public-use airport located two nautical miles (3.7 km) west of the central business district of Nome, it has two asphalt paved runways: 3/21 measures 5,576 x 150 feet (1,700 × 46 m) and 10/28 is 6,001 x 150 feet (1,829 × 46 m). An $8.5 million airport improvement project is nearing completion.
Nome City Field – a public-use airport located one nautical mile (1.85 km) north of the central business district of Nome, it has one runway designated 3/21 with a gravel surface measuring 1,950 feet. It is used by general aviation.
Water ports
Nome seaport is used by freight ships and cruise ships, located at 64.5°N and 165.4°W on the southern side of the Seward Peninsula in Norton Sound. The Corps of Engineers completed the Nome Harbor Improvements Project in the summer of 2006 adding a breakwater east of the existing Causeway and a spur on the end of the Causeway making it to a total of . The City Dock (south) on the Causeway is equipped with marine headers to handle the community's bulk cargo and fuel deliveries. The City Dock is approximately in length with a depth of 22.5 feet (MLLW). The WestGold Dock (north) is in length with the same depth of 22.5 feet (ML, LW). The Westgold dock handles nearly all of the exported rock/gravel for this region and is the primary location to load/unload heavy equipment. The opening between the new breakwater and the Causeway (Outer Harbor Entrance) is approximately in width and serves as access to both Causeway deep water docks and the new Snake River entrance that leads into the Small Boat Harbor. The old entrance along the seawall has been filled in and is no longer navigable (see photos on website). Buoys outline the navigation channel from the outer harbor entrance into the inner harbor. The Nome Small Boat Harbor has a depth of 10 feet (MLLW) and offers protected mooring for recreational and fishing vessels alongside two floating docks. Smaller cargo vessels and landing craft load village freight and fuel at the east, west and south inner harbor sheet pile docks, east beach landing and west barge ramp for delivery in the region.
An addition to the Nome facility in 2005 was a concrete barge ramp located inside the inner harbor just west of the Snake River entrance. The ramp provides the bulk cargo carriers with a location closer to the causeway to trans-load freight to landing craft and roll equipment on and off barges. This location also has of uplands to be used for container, vessel and equipment storage.
Surface transportation
Local roads lead to Council, the Kougarok River, and Teller: the Nome-Council, Nome-Taylor, and Nome-Teller Highways, respectively. There are also smaller roads to communities up to from Nome, yet no road connection to the other major cities of Alaska. There are no railroads going to or from Nome. A road project (Manley Hot Springs–Nome) is being discussed in Alaska. It has been estimated (as of 2010) to cost $2.3 to $2.7 billion, or approximately $5 million per mile.
Healthcare
Local hospitals and medical centers include Norton Sound Regional Hospital and Nome Health Center. The hospital is a qualified acute care facility and medevac service. Long-term care is provided by Quyaana Care Center (a unit of the hospital). Specialized care is available through facilities such as Norton Sound Community Mental Health Center, Turning Point – Saquigvik (transitional living), and XYZ Senior Center. Nome is classified as a large town/Regional Center, it is found in EMS Region 5A in the Norton Sound Region. Emergency Services have limited highway, coastal and airport access. Emergency service is provided by 911 Telephone Service and by Nome Volunteer Ambulance Dept.
In popular culture
The reality television series Bering Sea Gold is set and filmed in Nome.
Nome is referenced in the songs "Marry the Man Today" from the 1950 Frank Loesser/Jo Swerling/Abe Burrows musical Guys and Dolls; in "A Little Brains, A Little Talent" from the 1955 Richard Adler and Jerry Ross musical Damn Yankees; and in "Ah, Paree!" from Stephen Sondheim's 1971 musical Follies.
Johnny Horton wrote the theme song "North to Alaska" for the film of the same name starring John Wayne. Nome is mentioned twice in the lyrics.
In episode 1 of the 1997 BBC television travel series Full Circle, British actor, comedian, writer and presenter Michael Palin (of Monty Python fame) traveled to Nome and met a goldpanner on the "Golden Sands of Nome".
In the video game Rainbow Six Extraction, Nome appears as one of 12 playable locations.
The Great Alaskan Race is a movie (2019) about a group of brave mushers travel over 1100 km to save the small children of Nome, from a deadly epidemic.
Films set in Nome
The Spoilers (1930)
The Spoilers (1942)
North to Alaska (1960)
Balto (1995)
Balto II: Wolf Quest (2002)
Balto III: Wings of Change (2004)
The Fourth Kind (2009)
Snow Dogs (2002)
Togo (2019)
Notable people
Frank E. Kleinschmidt (1871–1949), Arctic explorer, documentary film maker and film correspondent in World War I, lived in Nome with his family around 1905
Carrie M. McLain (1895–1973), Nome-based writer and teacher.
Donny Olson (born 1953), represents Nome and surrounding area in the member of Alaska Senate
Neal Foster (born 1972), represents Nome and surrounding area in the Alaska House of Representatives
James "Jimmy" Doolittle (1896–1993), U.S. Air Force General; spent part of his youth living in Nome
Dean Phillip Carter (born 1955), convicted spree killer; born in Nome, Alaska
See also
Nome mining district
Nome Gold Rush
References
External links
City of Nome
University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections – Frank H. Nowell Photographs Photographs documenting scenery, towns, businesses, mining activities, Native Americans, and Eskimos in the vicinity of Nome, Alaska from 1901 to 1909.
University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections – Wilhelm Hester Photographs 345 photographs c. 1893–1906 of Puget Sound sailing vessels and ships' crews, the Alaska Gold Rush in Nome and vicinity in 1900, images of logging activities in Washington state, and San Francisco's Chinatown.
University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections – Eric A. Hegg Photographs 736 photographs from 1897 to 1901 documenting the Klondike and Alaska gold rushes, including depictions of frontier life in Skagway and Nome, Alaska and Dawson, Yukon Territory.
The Papers of Frances Ross of Nome, Alaska at Dartmouth College Library
Henriette Hanson Autobiography and Correspondence on her Life in Nome at Dartmouth College Library
Cities in Alaska
Cities in Nome Census Area, Alaska
Cities in Unorganized Borough, Alaska
Gold rushes
Klondike Gold Rush
Mining communities in Alaska
Populated coastal places in Alaska on the Pacific Ocean
Populated places established in 1898
Port cities in Alaska
Populated places in the Seward Peninsula
1898 establishments in Alaska |
Ana Siafa (née Nemaia) is a former New Zealand rugby union player. She played Prop for New Zealand and Ponsonby. She started in the Black Ferns historic match against the California Grizzlies at Christchurch in 1989.
References
Living people
New Zealand female rugby union players
New Zealand women's international rugby union players
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Loricaria holmbergi is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it is known only from Argentina, with its type locality reportedly being within the San Francisco River basin in Argentina's Jujuy Province. The species reaches 11.8 cm (4.6 inches) in standard length and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.
References
Loricariini
Fish described in 2005 |
The 1st Assembly District of Wisconsin is one of 99 districts in the Wisconsin State Assembly. Located in northeastern Wisconsin, the district comprises all of Door and Kewaunee counties, as well as portions of northeast Brown County. The district is represented by Republican Joel Kitchens, since January 2015.
The 1st Assembly district is located within Wisconsin's 1st Senate district, along with the 2nd and 3rd Assembly districts.
History
The district was created in the 1972 redistricting act (1971 Wisc. Act 304) which first established the numbered district system, replacing the previous system which allocated districts to specific counties. The 1st district was drawn roughly in line with the boundaries of the previous Door–Kewaunee district, and the last representative of that district, Lary J. Swoboda, continued as the representative of the 1st district after the 1972 election. The 1st district boundaries have remained relatively consistent in redistricting since 1972, with the major exception of the 1982 court-ordered redistricting, which scrambled all State Assembly districts and moved the 1st district to Milwaukee County for the 1983–1984 legislative session.
List of past representatives
Electoral history
References
Wisconsin State Assembly districts
Door County, Wisconsin
Kewaunee County, Wisconsin
Brown County, Wisconsin
Manitowoc County, Wisconsin |
Khajeh (; also Romanized as Khvājeh; also known as Khājeh, Khwāja, and Khadzha) is a city in Khvajeh District of Heris County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran.
At the 2006 census, its population was 3,700 in 981 households. The following census in 2011 counted 3,801 people in 1,154 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 4,011 people in 1,265 households.
References
Cities in East Azerbaijan Province
Populated places in Heris County |
Chicken feed is food for chickens
Chickenfeed or Chicken Feed may refer to:
Chicken Feed, 1927 Our Gang short film
Chickenfeed (novel)
Chickenfeed (retail chain) |
The Committee on Monetary and Financial Affairs is one of the ten permanent committees of the Pan-African Parliament. It deals with the following concerns:
Examine the draft estimates of the Parliamentary budget and submit to Parliament.
Discuss the budget of the Union and make appropriate recommendations.
Examine and report to Parliament on the problems involved in the implementation of the annual budget.
Assist Parliament to execute its role of establishing sound economic, monetary and investment policies
Chairperson of the Committee is Peter Daka from Zambia.
Deputy Chairperson Babacar Gaye from Senegal.
Rapporteur is Wycliffe Oparanya from Kenya.
Economy of the African Union
Monetary and Financial Affairs |
Elections to Berwickshire District Council were held in May 1992, the same day as the other Scottish local government elections. The election was the last for the Berwickshire District Council, as the council would be replaced with the Scottish Borders unitary authority for the 1995 election.
Election results
Ward results
References
1992 Scottish local elections
1992 |
Basaloid large cell carcinoma of the lung, is a rare histological variant of lung cancer featuring certain distinctive cytological, tissue architectural, and immunohistochemical characteristics and clinical behavior.
Classification
Lung cancer is a large and exceptionally heterogeneous family of malignancies. Over 50 different histological variants are explicitly recognized within the 2004 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) typing system ("WHO-2004"), currently the most widely used lung cancer classification scheme.
Many recognized lung cancer variants are rare, recently described and poorly understood. However, since different forms of malignant tumors generally exhibit diverse genetic, biological and clinical properties, including response to treatment, accurate classification of lung cancer cases are critical to ensuring that patients with lung cancer receive optimum management.
Diagnosis
Like other forms of lung cancer, Bas-LCLC is ultimately diagnosed after a pathologist examines a tumor sample containing viable malignant cells and tissue under a light microscope and identifies certain particular characteristics.
Staging
Staging of Bas-LCLC patients is usually performed in an analogous fashion to patients with other non-small cell lung carcinoma.
Treatment
Because of its rarity, there have been no clinical trials conducted on pure Bas-LCLC.
Generally, variants of the 4 major lung cancer subtypes (squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma) are treated according to protocols designed for the major subtype.
Prognosis
Bas-LCLC are considered to have a particularly poor prognosis, even compared to other forms of lung cancer. However, not all studies have confirmed this.
Epidemiology
Basaloid carcinomas of the lung (like nearly all other recognized subtypes of lung cancer) are highly associated with tobacco smoking. Basaloid architecture in pulmonary carcinomas have been shown to be particularly prevalent in smokers with heavy exposure,
History
Basaloid forms of lung carcinoma were first described in the peer-reviewed medical literature by Dr. Elisabeth Brambilla and her colleagues in 1992. They were first recognized as distinct clinicopathological variants of both squamous cell and large cell lung cancers in 1999, within the third revision of the World Health Organization lung tumor typing and classification scheme.
References
External links
(Download Page).
Lung cancer |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Douglas County, Colorado.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Douglas County, Colorado, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.
There are 29 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county. Another property was once listed but has been removed.
Current listings
|}
Former listing
|}
See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Colorado
List of National Register of Historic Places in Colorado
Bibliography of Colorado
Geography of Colorado
History of Colorado
Index of Colorado-related articles
List of Colorado-related lists
Outline of Colorado
References
External links
State of Colorado
History Colorado
Douglas County, Colorado
Lists of National Register of Historic Places in Colorado by county
National Register of Historic Places listings in Douglas County, Colorado |
Ben x Jim is a 2020 Philippine boy's love web series produced by Regal Entertainment. Written and directed by Easy Ferrer, it stars Teejay Marquez and Jerome Ponce as childhood friends who fall in love years later in a reunion amid the confining space of quarantine in their neighborhood amid the pandemic.
The series premiered on YouTube on October 15, 2020, airing on Thursdays at 8:00 PM PST and ran for seven episodes. A second season for the series was announced on January 16 by Regal Entertainment. The official trailer for the second season was also released the same day and it is set to release on February 12, 2021, via Upstream.PH.
Cast and characters
Teejay Marquez as Benjamin "Ben" Mendoza, Jim's childhood friend and currently living alone next door
Jerome Ponce as Jimson "Jim" Alcantara, Ben's childhood friend and car enthusiast from Davao
Sarah Edwards as Yana, Jim's girlfriend
Kat Galang as Flo Guimary, Ben's very close friend
Ron Martin Angeles as Olan, motorcycle rider for Deliver Lover
Johannes Rissler as Leo Portugues, Ben's ex-boyfriend
Christina Simon as Elma Magtibay, Ben's neighbor and housekeeper next door, also Jim's former nanny
Royce Cabrera as Roy, Ben's current boyfriend
Vance Larena as Val, Jim's boss
Episodes
Season 1
Season 2
Reception
YouTube views as of August 4, 2021:
Sequel
On November 26, 2020, after the premiere of the Season 1 Finale, Teejay Marquez announced via his YouTube channel on the comment section of Episode 7 that the series will have its second season.
A second season for the series was announced on January 16 by Regal Entertainment. The official trailer for the second season was also released the same day in celebration for Regal Entertainment's Youtube Channel surpassing the 2 Million Subscriber mark. The actors from the first season, Teejay Marquez, Jerome Ponce, Sarah Edwards, Ron Angeles and Kat Galang, will recur their roles along with new cast members Vance Larena, Royce Cabrera, Ejay Jallorina, Miko Gallardo, Darwin Yu, Anika Dela Cruz, Jomari Angeles. The season is set to release on February 12, 2021.
Release
TV
On September 8, GMA Network announced that it is set to bring the hit BL series ‘Ben X Jim’ starting September 26, 2021, through Heart of Asia Channel in Digital TV Box Nationwide.
Soundtrack
See also
Gameboys
Hello Stranger
Gaya Sa Pelikula
Boys Lockdown
Oh, Mando!
The Boy Foretold by the Stars
References
External links
2020 web series debuts
2021 web series endings
Philippine LGBT-related web series |
Eupithecia subtacincta is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in the Himalaya, from Jammu and Kashmir through China to the Russian Far East, Korea and Japan. It is also found from south-east Asia to Borneo.
The wingspan is about 12–15 mm. The ground colour of the fore- and hindwings is brownish grey with a greenish tinge.
Larvae have been reared on Clematis species and have also been reported feeding on Cornus controversa.
References
Moths described in 1895
subtacincta
Moths of Asia |
Goldring is an audio equipment manufacturing company that was established in 1906. In 1906, the Scharf brothers started manufacturing phonographs in Berlin, Germany. The company moved to England in 1933 and continued manufacturing cartridges and turntables. The "Juwel Electro Soundbox" phonograph was their own creation and was released in 1926. The Goldring logo was as indication of quality.
In 1954 they released the Goldring 500 magnetic cartridge. This was British-made.
Goldring cartridges have been sold in the US since the 1950s and are sold all over the world. They range from budget to high-end. They also sold Swiss-made Lenco turntables in the 1970s. For example, the Lenco L75 was marketed via Goldring as a GL75.
The Scharf brothers changed their name to Sharp and continued their family business until 1987. At this time, Gerry Sharp sold the company to the Goldring distributor, Veda-UK (which is now part of Armour Home).
Even though Goldring was mainly known for their moving coil cartridges and moving magnet cartridges, turntables etc., they also manufactured later sound cones and headphones.
Current moving magnet cartridges
1006
1012GX
1022GX
1024
E1
E2
E3
Current moving iron cartridges
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
Current moving coil cartridges
Eroica H
Eroica LX
Elite
Legacy
Ethos
Current headphones
DR50
DR100
DR150
GX100
GX200
NS1000
Goldring timeline
In 1906, the Scharf brothers began manufacturing in Berlin, Germany, and released their own phonograph, the Juwel Electro Soundbox, which had a Gold Ring logo to denote quality, in 1926. Goldring moved to England in 1933. In 1954, the company released 500 British-made magnetic cartridges; the 600 and 700 models followed in 1958 and 1960, respectively. The 1970s saw the release of the Lenco GL85 turntable (1973) and of the 900SE II and 900/E cartridges. In 1987, Goldring was sold to Veda-UK (Armour Home Electronics). Between 1987 and 1990, four more cartridges—Eroica, Epic II, Excel, and Elite—were released. In 2004, the Goldring released their digital GR1 turntable, followed by the GR2 turntable in 2005. In 2006, they launched their critically acclaimed DR50, DR100, and DR150 headphones.
See also
List of phonograph manufacturers
Armour Home Electronics
References
External links
Goldring.co.uk/history
6 moons.com
Goldring G1042 reviewed
Review of Goldring GX200 Earphones
Goldring Lenco gallery
Phonograph manufacturers
Audio equipment manufacturers of Germany
Audio equipment manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Manufacturing companies established in 1906
1906 establishments in Germany
1987 mergers and acquisitions |
```python
"""
Basics
------
:mod:`textacy.extract.basics`: Extract basic components from a document or sentence
via spaCy, with bells and whistles for filtering the results.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
from functools import partial
from typing import Collection, Iterable, Optional, Union
from cytoolz import itertoolz
from spacy.parts_of_speech import DET
from spacy.tokens import Span, Token
from .. import constants, errors, types, utils
def words(
doclike: types.DocLike,
*,
filter_stops: bool = True,
filter_punct: bool = True,
filter_nums: bool = False,
include_pos: Optional[str | Collection[str]] = None,
exclude_pos: Optional[str | Collection[str]] = None,
min_freq: int = 1,
) -> Iterable[Token]:
"""
Extract an ordered sequence of words from a document processed by spaCy,
optionally filtering words by part-of-speech tag and frequency.
Args:
doclike
filter_stops: If True, remove stop words from word list.
filter_punct: If True, remove punctuation from word list.
filter_nums: If True, remove number-like words (e.g. 10, "ten")
from word list.
include_pos: Remove words whose part-of-speech tag IS NOT in the specified tags.
exclude_pos: Remove words whose part-of-speech tag IS in the specified tags.
min_freq: Remove words that occur in ``doclike`` fewer than ``min_freq`` times.
Yields:
Next token from ``doclike`` passing specified filters in order of appearance
in the document.
Raises:
TypeError: if ``include_pos`` or ``exclude_pos`` is not a str, a set of str,
or a falsy value
Note:
Filtering by part-of-speech tag uses the universal POS tag set; for details,
check spaCy's docs: path_to_url#pos-tagging
"""
words_: Iterable[Token] = (w for w in doclike if not w.is_space)
if filter_stops is True:
words_ = (w for w in words_ if not w.is_stop)
if filter_punct is True:
words_ = (w for w in words_ if not w.is_punct)
if filter_nums is True:
words_ = (w for w in words_ if not w.like_num)
if include_pos:
include_pos_: set[str] = {pos.upper() for pos in utils.to_set(include_pos)}
words_ = (w for w in words_ if w.pos_ in include_pos_)
if exclude_pos:
exclude_pos_: set[str] = {pos.upper() for pos in utils.to_set(exclude_pos)}
words_ = (w for w in words_ if w.pos_ not in exclude_pos_)
if min_freq > 1:
words_ = list(words_)
freqs = itertoolz.frequencies(w.lower_ for w in words_)
words_ = (w for w in words_ if freqs[w.lower_] >= min_freq)
for word in words_:
yield word
def ngrams(
doclike: types.DocLike,
n: int | Collection[int],
*,
filter_stops: bool = True,
filter_punct: bool = True,
filter_nums: bool = False,
include_pos: Optional[str | Collection[str]] = None,
exclude_pos: Optional[str | Collection[str]] = None,
min_freq: int = 1,
) -> Iterable[Span]:
"""
Extract an ordered sequence of n-grams (``n`` consecutive tokens) from a spaCy
``Doc`` or ``Span``, for one or multiple ``n`` values, optionally filtering n-grams
by the types and parts-of-speech of the constituent tokens.
Args:
doclike
n: Number of tokens included per n-gram; for example, ``2`` yields bigrams
and ``3`` yields trigrams. If multiple values are specified, then the
collections of n-grams are concatenated together; for example, ``(2, 3)``
yields bigrams and then trigrams.
filter_stops: If True, remove ngrams that start or end with a stop word.
filter_punct: If True, remove ngrams that contain any punctuation-only tokens.
filter_nums: If True, remove ngrams that contain any numbers
or number-like tokens (e.g. 10, 'ten').
include_pos: Remove ngrams if any constituent tokens' part-of-speech tags
ARE NOT included in this param.
exclude_pos: Remove ngrams if any constituent tokens' part-of-speech tags
ARE included in this param.
min_freq: Remove ngrams that occur in ``doclike`` fewer than ``min_freq`` times
Yields:
Next ngram from ``doclike`` passing all specified filters, in order of appearance
in the document.
Raises:
ValueError: if any ``n`` < 1
TypeError: if ``include_pos`` or ``exclude_pos`` is not a str, a set of str,
or a falsy value
Note:
Filtering by part-of-speech tag uses the universal POS tag set; for details,
check spaCy's docs: path_to_url#pos-tagging
"""
ns_: tuple[int, ...] = utils.to_tuple(n)
if any(n_ < 1 for n_ in ns_):
raise ValueError("n must be greater than or equal to 1")
ngrams_: Iterable[Span]
for n_ in ns_:
ngrams_ = (doclike[i : i + n_] for i in range(len(doclike) - n_ + 1))
ngrams_ = (ng for ng in ngrams_ if not any(w.is_space for w in ng))
if filter_stops is True:
ngrams_ = (ng for ng in ngrams_ if not ng[0].is_stop and not ng[-1].is_stop)
if filter_punct is True:
ngrams_ = (ng for ng in ngrams_ if not any(w.is_punct for w in ng))
if filter_nums is True:
ngrams_ = (ng for ng in ngrams_ if not any(w.like_num for w in ng))
if include_pos:
include_pos_: set[str] = {pos.upper() for pos in utils.to_set(include_pos)}
ngrams_ = (ng for ng in ngrams_ if all(w.pos_ in include_pos_ for w in ng))
if exclude_pos:
exclude_pos_: set[str] = {pos.upper() for pos in utils.to_set(exclude_pos)}
ngrams_ = (
ng for ng in ngrams_ if not any(w.pos_ in exclude_pos_ for w in ng)
)
if min_freq > 1:
ngrams_ = list(ngrams_)
freqs = itertoolz.frequencies(ng.text.lower() for ng in ngrams_)
ngrams_ = (ng for ng in ngrams_ if freqs[ng.text.lower()] >= min_freq)
for ngram in ngrams_:
yield ngram
def entities(
doclike: types.DocLike,
*,
include_types: Optional[str | Collection[str]] = None,
exclude_types: Optional[str | Collection[str]] = None,
drop_determiners: bool = True,
min_freq: int = 1,
) -> Iterable[Span]:
"""
Extract an ordered sequence of named entities (PERSON, ORG, LOC, etc.) from
a ``Doc``, optionally filtering by entity types and frequencies.
Args:
doclike
include_types: Remove entities whose type IS NOT
in this param; if "NUMERIC", all numeric entity types ("DATE",
"MONEY", "ORDINAL", etc.) are included
exclude_types: Remove entities whose type IS
in this param; if "NUMERIC", all numeric entity types ("DATE",
"MONEY", "ORDINAL", etc.) are excluded
drop_determiners: Remove leading determiners (e.g. "the")
from entities (e.g. "the United States" => "United States").
.. note:: Entities from which a leading determiner has been removed
are, effectively, *new* entities, and not saved to the ``Doc``
from which they came. This is irritating but unavoidable, since
this function is not meant to have side-effects on document state.
If you're only using the text of the returned spans, this is no
big deal, but watch out if you're counting on determiner-less
entities associated with the doc downstream.
min_freq: Remove entities that occur in ``doclike`` fewer
than ``min_freq`` times
Yields:
Next entity from ``doclike`` passing all specified filters in order of appearance
in the document
Raises:
TypeError: if ``include_types`` or ``exclude_types`` is not a str, a set of
str, or a falsy value
"""
ents = doclike.ents
# HACK: spacy's models have been erroneously tagging whitespace as entities
# path_to_url
ents = (ent for ent in ents if not ent.text.isspace())
include_types = _parse_ent_types(include_types, "include")
exclude_types = _parse_ent_types(exclude_types, "exclude")
if include_types:
if isinstance(include_types, str):
ents = (ent for ent in ents if ent.label_ == include_types)
elif isinstance(include_types, (set, frozenset, list, tuple)):
ents = (ent for ent in ents if ent.label_ in include_types)
if exclude_types:
if isinstance(exclude_types, str):
ents = (ent for ent in ents if ent.label_ != exclude_types)
elif isinstance(exclude_types, (set, frozenset, list, tuple)):
ents = (ent for ent in ents if ent.label_ not in exclude_types)
if drop_determiners is True:
ents = (
ent
if ent[0].pos != DET
else Span(
ent.doc, ent.start + 1, ent.end, label=ent.label, vector=ent.vector
)
for ent in ents
)
if min_freq > 1:
ents = list(ents) # type: ignore
freqs = itertoolz.frequencies(ent.text.lower() for ent in ents)
ents = (ent for ent in ents if freqs[ent.text.lower()] >= min_freq)
for ent in ents:
yield ent
def _parse_ent_types(
ent_types: Optional[str | Collection[str]], which: str
) -> Optional[str | set[str]]:
if not ent_types:
return None
elif isinstance(ent_types, str):
ent_types = ent_types.upper()
# replace the shorthand numeric case by its corresponding constant
if ent_types == "NUMERIC":
return constants.NUMERIC_ENT_TYPES
else:
return ent_types
elif isinstance(ent_types, (set, frozenset, list, tuple)):
ent_types = {ent_type.upper() for ent_type in ent_types}
# again, replace the shorthand numeric case by its corresponding constant
# and include it in the set in case other types are specified
if any(ent_type == "NUMERIC" for ent_type in ent_types):
return ent_types.union(constants.NUMERIC_ENT_TYPES)
else:
return ent_types
else:
raise TypeError(
errors.type_invalid_msg(
f"{which}_types", type(ent_types), Optional[Union[str, Collection[str]]]
)
)
def noun_chunks(
doclike: types.DocLike, *, drop_determiners: bool = True, min_freq: int = 1
) -> Iterable[Span]:
"""
Extract an ordered sequence of noun chunks from a spacy-parsed doc, optionally
filtering by frequency and dropping leading determiners.
Args:
doclike
drop_determiners: Remove leading determiners (e.g. "the")
from phrases (e.g. "the quick brown fox" => "quick brown fox")
min_freq: Remove chunks that occur in ``doclike`` fewer than ``min_freq`` times
Yields:
Next noun chunk from ``doclike`` in order of appearance in the document
"""
ncs: Iterable[Span]
ncs = doclike.noun_chunks
if drop_determiners is True:
ncs = (nc if nc[0].pos != DET else nc[1:] for nc in ncs)
if min_freq > 1:
ncs = list(ncs)
freqs = itertoolz.frequencies(nc.text.lower() for nc in ncs)
ncs = (nc for nc in ncs if freqs[nc.text.lower()] >= min_freq)
for nc in ncs:
yield nc
def terms(
doclike: types.DocLike,
*,
ngs: Optional[int | Collection[int] | types.DocLikeToSpans] = None,
ents: Optional[bool | types.DocLikeToSpans] = None,
ncs: Optional[bool | types.DocLikeToSpans] = None,
dedupe: bool = True,
) -> Iterable[Span]:
"""
Extract one or multiple types of terms -- ngrams, entities, and/or noun chunks --
from ``doclike`` as a single, concatenated collection, with optional deduplication
of spans extracted by more than one type.
.. code-block:: pycon
>>> extract.terms(doc, ngs=2, ents=True, ncs=True)
>>> extract.terms(doc, ngs=lambda doc: extract.ngrams(doc, n=2))
>>> extract.terms(doc, ents=extract.entities)
>>> extract.terms(doc, ents=partial(extract.entities, include_types="PERSON"))
Args:
doclike
ngs: N-gram terms to be extracted.
If one or multiple ints, :func:`textacy.extract.ngrams(doclike, n=ngs)` is
used to extract terms; if a callable, ``ngs(doclike)`` is used to extract
terms; if None, no n-gram terms are extracted.
ents: Entity terms to be extracted.
If True, :func:`textacy.extract.entities(doclike)` is used to extract terms;
if a callable, ``ents(doclike)`` is used to extract terms;
if None, no entity terms are extracted.
ncs: Noun chunk terms to be extracted.
If True, :func:`textacy.extract.noun_chunks(doclike)` is used to extract
terms; if a callable, ``ncs(doclike)`` is used to extract terms;
if None, no noun chunk terms are extracted.
dedupe: If True, deduplicate terms whose spans are extracted by multiple types
(e.g. a span that is both an n-gram and an entity), as identified by
identical (start, stop) indexes in ``doclike``; otherwise, don't.
Returns:
Next term from ``doclike``, in order of n-grams then entities then noun chunks,
with each collection's terms given in order of appearance.
Note:
This function is *not* to be confused with keyterm extraction, which leverages
statistics and algorithms to quantify the "key"-ness of terms before returning
the top-ranking terms. There is no such scoring or ranking here.
See Also:
- :func:`textacy.extact.ngrams()`
- :func:`textacy.extact.entities()`
- :func:`textacy.extact.noun_chunks()`
- :mod:`textacy.extact.keyterms`
"""
extractors = _get_extractors(ngs, ents, ncs)
terms_ = itertoolz.concat(extractor(doclike) for extractor in extractors)
if dedupe is True:
terms_ = itertoolz.unique(terms_, lambda span: (span.start, span.end))
for term in terms_:
yield term
def _get_extractors(ngs, ents, ncs) -> list[types.DocLikeToSpans]:
all_extractors = [
_get_ngs_extractor(ngs),
_get_ents_extractor(ents),
_get_ncs_extractor(ncs),
]
extractors = [extractor for extractor in all_extractors if extractor is not None]
if not extractors:
raise ValueError("at least one term extractor must be specified")
else:
return extractors
def _get_ngs_extractor(ngs) -> Optional[types.DocLikeToSpans]:
if ngs is None:
return None
elif callable(ngs):
return ngs
elif isinstance(ngs, int) or (
isinstance(ngs, Collection) and all(isinstance(ng, int) for ng in ngs)
):
return partial(ngrams, n=ngs)
else:
raise TypeError()
def _get_ents_extractor(ents) -> Optional[types.DocLikeToSpans]:
if ents is None:
return None
elif callable(ents):
return ents
elif isinstance(ents, bool):
return entities
else:
raise TypeError()
def _get_ncs_extractor(ncs) -> Optional[types.DocLikeToSpans]:
if ncs is None:
return None
elif callable(ncs):
return ncs
elif isinstance(ncs, bool):
return noun_chunks
else:
raise TypeError()
``` |
Lise Marianne Justesen (born 5 September 1961) is a Danish rower. She competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics and the 1984 Summer Olympics.
References
1961 births
Living people
Danish female rowers
Olympic rowers for Denmark
Rowers at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Rowers at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Odense |
Handkerchief of Clouds: A Tragedy in Fifteen Acts () is a French-language Dadaist play by Romanian-born author Tristan Tzara. Tzara described it as an "ironic tragedy" or a "tragic farce", composed of 15 short acts, each with an accompanying commentary, with a strong influence from "the serialized novel and the cinema." Its action, he continues, should be staged on a platform in the centre of a box-like room "from which the actors cannot leave" It was first staged on 17 May 1924 at the Théâtre de la Cigale in Paris. The play was Tzara's last Dada production.
See also
The Gas Heart, a Dadaist play by Tzara first performed in 1921.
Notes
Sources
Gordon, Mel, ed. 1987. Dada Performance. New York: PAJ Publications. .
Melzer, Annabelle. 1976. Dada and Surrealist Performance. PAJ Books ser. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins UP, 1994. .
Richter, Hans. 1997. Dada: Art and Anti-Art. Trans. David Britt. Updated edition. London: Thames & Hudson. .
Robbins, Aileen, trans. 1987. A Handkerchief of Clouds: A Tragedy in Fifteen Acts. By Tristan Tzara. In Gordon (1987, 137-161).
1924 plays
Plays by Tristan Tzara
Dada |
From 1990 to 2000, a total of 104 five-minute Pingu episodes were made at Trickfilmstudio in Russikon, Switzerland. The episodes were written by Silvio Mazzola, and were directed and animated by Otmar Gutmann using clay animation. A special twenty-five minute episode called "Pingu at the Wedding Party" (also known by its home video title A Very Special Wedding) was produced in 1997.
The series was revived from 2003 to 2006 for a further 52 episodes, with production moved to the United Kingdom.
Regarding episode titles, the main title listed for each episode in series 1-4 originates from BBC television broadcasts and European home video releases. Where applicable, several episodes that were redubbed in the late 1990's additionally have alternative titles that were first introduced on the official Japanese DVD releases, which were subsequently translated for North American audiences. Episode titles for the revival series are taken from the European DVDs.
Series overview
Test animations
Original series
Series 1 (1990)
Series 2 (1991–94)
Series 3 (1995–96)
Series 4 (1998–2000)
Revival series
Series 5 (2003–04)
Series 6 (2005–06)
Special episode
"Pingu at the Wedding Party" (1997)
Music video
"7-11" (by Eskimo Disco) (2006)
Notes
In the UK, the BBC appears never to have broadcast any of the normal 5-minute episodes from the second half of series 3 or from series 4. However, the unaired series 3 episodes have been featured on BBC produced videos. Of the episodes that have been broadcast, all have been broadcast since 4 September 2006 inclusive. All of the 156 episodes, including Pingu at the Wedding Party have since been released on DVD by HIT Entertainment in the UK.
References
Pingu
Pingu
Pingu |
Scudderia texensis is a katydid commonly known as the Texas bush katydid.
Description
The length of the species ranges from 40–56 mm. Much of the size variation is dependent on the geography. The female Texas bush katydids can be identified by the right angle between their basal and terminal portions of the ovipositor. In males, the sub-genital plate has an upcurved ventral process that meets a dorsal extension of the supra-anal plate. The dorsal process ends with a pair of curved indentations that define a small central tooth.
Distribution and habitat
S. texensis occurs throughout the eastern United States. It also occurs in adjacent Canada west to the western edge of the Great Plains. It inhabits areas of grasslands, deciduous forests, and shrublands. Of all species within the genus Scudderia, it is most abundant through the majority of its range. Adults are most numerous from late spring or summer into autumn often surviving until the first hard freezes. It is abundant in weedy old fields and roadsides.
Ecology
In the south, two different generations of S. texensis are produced annually. The first matures in late spring, while the second generation matures in early fall. In the north, there is a single generation that matures in late summer. Size variation is dependent on geography, but also varies based on the number of generations and the length of the growing season. In the two generation portion of the range (from Florida to North Carolina), average size is 44 mm. The southern extreme for one generation is Virginia, and average size here is about 52 mm. The northern extreme, Michigan, has an average size of about 44 mm. Studies show that the size of adults is correlated with how fast the individuals must mature in order to fully use the growing season while producing the maximum number of generations.
References
Scudderia
Insects described in 1897 |
The Milhiems are an ethnic group living in parts of Northeast India and Myanmar. Some writers refer to them as Milhem, Meriem, Mirem, Marrem or Miriam. They belong to the "Old Kuki tribes" of Manipur. The Milhiems believe that they descend from a common ancestor who came from a cave which they call Khul. Their history is based on oral tradition, folklore and myth handed down from one generation to the next. Their society is organised into clans and subclans. The village is the highest unit of society and lands belong to the village chief, who is considered the head of their clan or subclan. Some Milhiem clans and subclans are scattered among other Old Kuki tribes such as the Chothe, Purum, Koireng, Kom, Lamkang, Aimol, Maring, Tarao, Vaiphei, Paite, Lusei and also among the Thadou-kuki tribe.
Origin
Miriems claim to originate from a cave which they refer to as Khur. According to their folklore and myths, their ancestor LUPHO, born of Miriem, went out from Khul with his followers after killing the serpent Gulhiemnu, and Tiger keeper and guardian of the cave opening. Lupho Bepa-customary family friend, Shongthu and the Priest Zahong were all members of the group that came out from Khul. In the days of yore, the Chief used to take up the role of a priest as well. Miriem is the ancestor of the Lupho, is the ancestor of Neitham, Lupheng, Misau, Leivon, Lhanghal. In the book "Chongza genealogy" of the Mangtes, their family priest/Thempu Thangjakhup Misao too, claim that the Misao-Lhanghal-Lupheng-Leivon- Neitham belongs to the Lupho Lineage. Some Miriem are amongst Hmars, Lamkangs, Koms and Nagas as well.As is the way of their ancestor Lupho never offer Sating- token offer to elder clan to no one. Shongthu is the ancestor of the Munhau, Doungel, Samte, Hangsing, Chongloi, Haokip, Kipgen, Guite (Hauzel, Dousel, Gui Mang, Kul Gen, Kullai) and Thadou (Sitlhou, Singsit, Singson) clans. Zahong is the ancestor of Suantak/Thuantak family that comprises Sihsing (Sailo), Thaute, Khiangte and Ralte clans. The three above ancestors represent separate and distinct genealogies.
Society
The village is the highest unit of Milhiem society. It is ruled by the village chief, who is usually the head of the clan or subclan. Community ownership of land is practiced in some villages. The chief is assisted by selected elders from the village, who are assigned portfolios in the village administration by the chief. Milhiem society is patriarchal; the eldest son inherits the family property and land. Milhiem society is divided into the clans, which are, in order of seniority: Lupho, Lupheng, Lhanghal, Misao, clans are further divided into subclans. Lupheng and Misao are recognised as "notified Scheduled Tribes" (under sub-heading "Any Kuki Tribes") in Mizoram, Assam and Meghalaya.
Family structure
Organisations
Some organisations in Milhiem society are ("NEI" in the table refers to Northeast India):
Culture
Folklore
The Milhiems have many myths and folktales, including: Thilha-Gal, Lhangeineng (see below), Lhanghal-Changvai
Lhangeineng
Long ago there lived a man of the Lupho clan, who married and fathered a lovely daughter called Lhangeineng. She was clever and pretty and possessed a quality quite different from her friends. Lhangeineng, was believed to be the most beautiful and charming girl.
One day, a handsome young man saw how beautiful she was and persuaded her that he was none other than the god of water appearing in the form of a man so that he could woo her.
In his bid to get her, the god of water sent torrential rain over the land, making the Milhiems and their kin run for their lives to Lupho village, sometimes known as Kholmol. The rain continued for many days, the water rising up and up to flood the parts of the mountain where the village was.
As the flood was rising high, the water echoed the name Pho.Pho.Pho... Many families sacrificed their daughters to appease the god, but in vain. Eventually, Lhangeineng understood that the god of water wanted her, and she realised how much he loved her. Seeing the danger her people were in, she resolved to sacrifice herself to the man so that they should not vanish in the flood. Thus Lhangeineng sacrificed her life for her people and normal life was restored to the people in Kholmol Village.
To this day, Milhiems consider a shower of rain as a blessing from Lhangeineng who sacrificed herself for her people.
Marriage
Marriage outside the clans was strictly prohibited and monogamous marriage was possible within certain clans and subclans. But such taboos are no longer strictly upheld. Elopement is known to occur.
Bride prices are measured in terms of number of Mithum, Gongs shawl and necklaces.
Religion
Early practice
Milhiems were animists who believed in nature and the environment. They believed in one supreme god called Pathien. They also worshipped a village and household god called Indoi. All religious ceremonies were held and supervised by the religious head (priest) called Thiempu, who is next to the chief in the village hierarchy. Animal sacrifice was practiced for ceremonies of appeasement and cleansing and for other rituals.
Economy
The economy of Milhiem villages is based mainly on agriculture. They practice both wetland and Jhum cultivation. Many Milhiems are also employed in government and nongovernmental organisations.
References
Ethnic groups in India
Ethnic groups in Myanmar |
Rud Bar-e Firuz Ja (, also Romanized as Rūd Bār-e Fīrūz Jā; also known as Rūd Bār) is a village in Sajjadrud Rural District, Bandpey-ye Sharqi District, Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 97, in 24 families.
References
Populated places in Babol County |
The seventeenth edition of the Johan Cruyff Shield () was held on 5 August 2012 at the Amsterdam Arena. The match was played between 2011–12 KNVB Cup winners PSV Eindhoven and the 2011–12 Eredivisie winners Ajax. PSV won the match 4–2 in front of 50,000 fans.
Match
Details
2012
Joh
j
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Johan Cruyff Shield |
The Fromm Institute for Lifelong Learning at the University of San Francisco (USF) offers noncredit courses with no assignments or grades for adults age 50 and over with no other objective than the love of learning. Organized in 1976 with support from Hanna and Alfred Fromm, the Institute’s program served as a model for the Osher Lifelong Learning Institutes that have been established at over 120 universities and colleges in the United States.
Origins
The Fromm Institute was founded by Hanna Fromm (1914 – 2003) and her husband Alfred Fromm (1905 – 1998), who had arrived in the United States as refugees from Germany in 1936. Born Hanna Gruenbaum to a prominent Jewish family in Nuremberg, she studied choreography and worked in the Paris fashion industry.
Alfred Fromm, born in Kitzingen, Germany, was a fourth-generation winemaker. Hanna and Alfred married in 1936 and fled the Nazis, first to New York and then to California, where Alfred formed a partnership to distribute Christian Brothers wine and brandy. Alfred took over the Paul Masson vineyards in the 1950s, and began a commitment to philanthropy. Hanna became ardently committed to an active intellectual life for retirees, helping launch the Lifelong Learning program at USF with financial support and by serving as its volunteer executive director until the last months of her life. In 1979 the Fromms were awarded honorary doctorates of public service by USF.
Program
The Fromm Institute offers some 75 courses annually, spread over fall, winter, and spring terms. The program is strong on courses in the humanities, arts, and sciences. Courses meet once a week for eight weeks. Faculty are primarily emeriti professors from universities and colleges in the San Francisco Bay Area. The program has grown from 300 students members in 1976 to 1250 student members today. Student membership fees cover half the program costs, with the balance coming from gifts, grants, and endowment earnings. The Fromms established a sister program at Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1979.
After Hanna Fromm’s death in 2003, former program director Robert Fordham was named executive director. The Institute publishes a monthly newsletter, From the Rooftop, during the academic year.
The Fromm program caught the attention of another San Francisco philanthropist, Bernard Osher, who was inspired to spread the model to over 120 Osher Lifelong Learning Institutes that his foundation has funded at universities and colleges across the United States since 2001.
Fromm Hall
Fromm Hall, formerly a Jesuit faculty residence known as Xavier Hall, was renamed for Alfred and Hanna Fromm on October 24, 2003. The building was remodeled following a $10 million capital campaign by Friends of the Fromm Institute, with a lead gift from Hanna Fromm. In addition to the Fromm Institute’s administrative offices and four large classrooms, Fromm Hall also contains USF’s only all-female residence, housing 175 freshman and sophomore women, facilities for the fine arts program, a women’s institute, and the parish offices of St. Ignatius Church.
Notes
Video documentary
"Old Enough to Know Better" is a documentary film directed by Ron Levaco on the Fromm Institute and its students. It was released in 2001 by Icarus Films.
External links
University of San Francisco
1976 establishments in California
Lifelong learning |
Joseph Koch (September 28, 1843 – August 28, 1902) was a Jewish-American lawyer, judge, and politician from New York.
Life
Koch was born on September 28, 1843, in New York City, New York, the son of German immigrants Samuel Koch and Theresa Engelhard.
Koch graduated from the College of the City of New York in 1862. During the American Civil War, he served in the Judge Advocate General's Department of the Army with the rank of major from August 1862 until his honorable discharge in May 1863. He then worked as an assistant teacher at Grammar School No. 36 in New York City, attended law lectures with Professor Theodore William Dwight at Columbia University, and studied law with Richard H. Huntley and Abram J. Dittenhoefer. He graduated from Columbia Law School with an LL.B. in 1865. He was admitted to the bar later that year, after which he sailed to Europe and spent a year at Heidelberg University. He returned to New York City in 1867 and began practicing law there. He was offered the Democratic nomination for the New York State Assembly that year. He declined, and was instead appointed Law Clerk of the New York Supreme Court, followed by Deputy County Clerk under County Clerk Charles E. Loew.
Koch retired as Deputy County Clerk in 1869, when he was elected Civil Justice in the Fifth District. In 1877, he was nominated by anti-Tammany organizations for Justice of the Marine Court, losing the election by a small majority and allegedly due to fraud. In 1879, he ran for the New York State Assembly as a Democrat in New York County's 21st District. He lost the election to Republican Edward Mitchell. He served as trustee of the common schools from 1870 to 1874. In 1881, he was elected to the New York State Senate, representing New York's 10th State Senate district (the 12th, 19th, 20th, 21st, and 22nd wards of New York City). He served in the Senate in 1882 and 1883. He was elected as a Democrat, even though the district was strongly Republican. An active member of Senate, he was chairman of important senate committees. In 1883, he called attention to the devastation of the Adirondack Forest and wrote an elaborate report on the subject. He returned to his private law practice after his senate term ended. According to The Jewish Encyclopedia, he was the first Jewish state senator in New York.
In 1884, Mayor William Russell Grace appointed him a Dock Commissioner. He was then elected Chairman of the Commission. In 1889, Mayor Hugh J. Grant appointed him an Excise Commissioner. In 1892, Grant reappointed him Excise Commissioner and he became president of the Excise Board. In 1893, Mayor Thomas Francis Gilroy appointed him Police Justice to succeed James T. Kilbreth, whose term as Police Justice expired. He was a school trustee for the 19th Ward from 1877 to 1882 and a delegate to the 1894 New York State Constitutional Convention.
An active member of B'nai B'rith, Koch was president of the District Grand Lodge No. 1 and chairman of the 1874 national convention in Chicago. He was also an active member of the Freemasons, serving as grand marshal and grand steward as well as a commissioner of appeals of the Grand Lodge of New York in 1874. He was a captain in the 71st New York Infantry Regiment as well as Major and Judge Advocate of the Second Brigade in the New York National Guard. He was also a member of the Harmonie-Liederkranz, the Arion Society, the Manhattan Club, the Democratic Club, and the Lotos Club. In 1874, he married Hennie Bendit. Their children were Spencer B. and Roland J.
Koch died in Mount Sinai Hospital from a long illness on August 28, 1902.
References
External links
The Political Graveyard
1843 births
1902 deaths
American people of German-Jewish descent
City College of New York alumni
Columbia Law School alumni
United States Army Judge Advocate General's Corps
Heidelberg University alumni
19th-century American lawyers
20th-century American lawyers
Lawyers from New York City
19th-century American Jews
20th-century American Jews
Jewish American attorneys
Jewish American state legislators in New York (state)
New York National Guard personnel
19th-century American judges
New York (state) state court judges
19th-century American politicians
Democratic Party New York (state) state senators
Commissioners of Docks and Ferries of the City of New York
American Freemasons |
Hans Joachim von Rohr (1 October 1888 in Demmin, Province of Pomerania – 10 November 1971) was a German politician with the German National People's Party.
Biography
Hans Joachim von Rohr was born in 1888 as the son of the Pomeranian landowner Hans von Rohr, who had purchased 1881, the House Demmin. After finishing high school Demmin studied law and economics in Heidelberg, Berlin and Greifswald. Prior to 1914 he worked as a clerk at the District Court with the government in Demmin and Merseburg. After participating in the First World War, starting in 1919 he took over the management of family estates.
Rohr-Demmin started politically active in the Weimar period in the German National People's Party. From 1924 to 1932 Rohr-Demmin belonged to the Prussian State Parliament as a deputy. In addition, he served from 1925 to 1933 as chairman of the Section dess the Agrarian League in the province of Pomerania. In July 1934 Rohr-Demmin sent a memorandum to Hitler critical of the government. During the Rohm Putsch, he had to keep hidden. In 1942 Rohr-Demmin was convicted and given a prison sentence but was released again after the verdict was annulled by the Supreme Court. After the assassination July 20 plot he was again arrested and remained in prison until the war ended. After the Second World War his property was confiscated and he moved to West Germany.
External links
1888 births
1971 deaths
People from Demmin
Politicians from the Province of Pomerania
German National People's Party politicians
Deutsche Rechtspartei politicians
German untitled nobility |
The 1963 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1963. The seven selectors recognized by the NCAA as "official" for the 1963 season are (1) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), (2) the Associated Press (AP), (3) the Central Press Association (CP), (4) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), (5) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), (6) the Sporting News, and (7) the United Press International (UPI).
Consensus All-Americans
For the year 1963, the NCAA recognizes seven published All-American teams as "official" designations for purposes of its consensus determinations. Four players were unanimously chosen as first-team All-Americans by all seven official selectors. They were: (1) Navy quarterback Roger Staubach, who was awarded the 1963 Heisman Trophy; (2) Illinois center/linebacker Dick Butkus, won the 1963 Chicago Tribune Silver Football as the Big Ten Conference's Most Valuable Player; (3) tackle Scott Appleton who won the Outland Trophy and led the 1963 Texas Longhorns football team to a national championship; and (4) Nebraska guard Bob "The Boomer" Brown, who was the second player chosen in the 1964 NFL Draft. Staubach, Butkus and Brown were each subsequently inducted into both the College and Pro Football Hall of Fames. The consensus All-American team also included College and Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees Gale Sayers (running back, Kansas) and Carl Eller (tackle, Minnesota).
The following chart identifies the NCAA-recognized consensus All-Americans and displays which first-team designations they received.
Offense
Ends
Vern Burke, Oregon State (AFCA-1, FWAA, NEA-2, UPI-1, CP, FN, WC)
Larry Elkins, Baylor (NEA-1, SN, CP, UPI-2, FN, WC)
Bob Lacey, North Carolina (AP-1, FWAA, NEA-2, FN)
Billy Martin, Georgia Tech (Time, NEA-1, SN, UPI-2, FN)
Jim Kelly, Notre Dame (AFCA-1, UPI-1)
Dave Parks, Texas Tech (AP-1, SN)
Charles Brooks, Memphis State (FN)
Billy Truax, LSU (FN)
Hal Bedsole, USC (Time)
Mel Profit, UCLA (AFCA-2, AP-2, NEA-3, UPI-3)
John Simmons, Tulsa (AFCA-2, UPI-3)
Don Montgomery, North Carolina St. (AP-2)
Allen Brown, Ole Miss (NEA-3)
Tackles
Scott Appleton, Texas (AFCA-1, AP-1, FWAA, NEA-1, SN, UPI-1, CP, WC, FN, Time)
Carl Eller, Minnesota (AFCA-1, AP-1, FWAA, NEA-3, UPI-1, CP, WC, FN, Time)
Ernie Borghetti, Pittsburgh (AP-2, FWAA, NEA-3, FN)
Harry Schuh, Memphis State (NEA-1)
Ken Kortas, Louisville (FWAA)
Whaley Hall, Ole Miss (AFCA-2, UPI-2)
Ralph Neely, Oklahoma (AFCA-2, AP-2, UPI-2, FN)
Archie Sutton, Illinois (NEA-2, UPI-3)
Jim Freeman, Navy (NEA-2, FN)
Al Hillebrand, Stanford (FN)
Guards
Bob Brown, Nebraska (AFCA-1, AP-1, FWAA, NEA-1, SN, UPI-1, CP, WC, FN, Time)
Rick Redman, Washington (AFCA-1, FWAA, NEA-1, SN, UPI-1, CP, FN, WC)
Herschel Turner, Kentucky (SN, UPI-3 [tackle], Time)
Damon Bame, USC (AP-1, NEA-3, UPI-2)
Steve DeLong, Tennessee (AFCA-2, FWAA, UPI-3, FN)
Mike Reilly, Iowa (AP-2, FWAA)
Dick Nowak, Army (AFCA-2, UPI-2, FN)
Bob Lehman, Notre Dame (AP-2)
Ed Adamchik, Pittsburgh (NEA-2)
Bill Budness, Boston Univ. (NEA-2)
Don Croftcheck, Indiana (NEA-3)
Earl Lattimer, Michigan State (UPI-3, FN)
Robbie Hucklebridge, LSU (FN)
Centers
Dick Butkus, Illinois (AFCA-1, AP-1, FWAA, NEA-1, SN, UPI-1, CP, WC, FN, Time)
Kenny Dill, Mississippi (AP-2, FWAA, FN)
Ronnie Caveness, Arkansas (FN)
Malcolm Walker, Rice (NEA-2, UPI-3)
Ray Kubala, Texas A&M (AFCA-2)
Pat Watson, Mississippi State (UPI-2)
Orville Hudson, East Texas St. (NEA-3)
Quarterbacks
Roger Staubach, Navy (AFCA-1, AP-1, FWAA, NEA-1, SN, UPI-1, CP, WC, FN, Time)
Billy Lothridge, Georgia Tech (AP-1, FWAA, UPI-2, FN [halfback])
Don Trull, Baylor (AFCA-2, AP-2, FWAA, NEA-2, UPI-2, FN)
Jimmy Sidle, Auburn (FN)
George Mira, Miami (AP-2)
Gary Wood, Cornell (NEA-2)
Backs
Sherman Lewis, Michigan State (AP-1, CP, NEA-3, UPI-1, FN, WC)
Paul Martha, Pittsburgh (AFCA-2, CP, NEA-1, SN, UPI-2, FN)
Gale Sayers, Kansas (AFCA-1, AP-2, FWAA, NEA-1, SN, UPI-1, FN, WC)
Jay Wilkinson, Duke (AFCA-1, AP-2, FWAA, NEA-3, UPI-1, FN)
Jimmy Sidle, Auburn (AP-1, FWAA, NEA-3 [qb], UPI-3)
Mel Renfro, Oregon (AFCA-2, NEA-2, UPI-3, Time)
Paul Warfield, Ohio State (Time)
Tommy Ford, Texas (FWAA, FN)
Tom Vaughn, Iowa State (FWAA)
Benny Nelson, Alabama (NEA-2)
Cosmo Iacavazzi, Princeton (NEA-3, UPI-3)
Fullback
Jim Grisham, Oklahoma (CP, NEA-1, SN, UPI-2, FN)
Tommy Crutcher, TCU (AFCA-1, UPI-3)
Tom Nowatzke, Indiana (FN)
Tony Lorick, Arizona State (FN)
Tom Vaughn, Iowa State (AFCA-2)
Key
Official selectors
Other selectors
See also
1963 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team
1963 All-Big Eight Conference football team
1963 All-Big Ten Conference football team
1963 All-Pacific Coast football team
1963 All-SEC football team
1963 All-Southwest Conference football team
References
All-America Team
College Football All-America Teams |
They Asked for It is a 1939 American crime film directed by Frank McDonald and written by Arthur T. Horman. The film stars William Lundigan, Joy Hodges, Michael Whalen, Isabel Jewell, Lyle Talbot, Thomas Beck and Spencer Charters. The film was released on May 20, 1939, by Universal Pictures.
Plot
Cast
William Lundigan as Steve Lewis
Joy Hodges as Mary Lou Carroll
Michael Whalen as Howard Adams
Isabel Jewell as Molly Herkimer
Lyle Talbot as Marty Collins
Thomas Beck as Dr. Peter Sparks
Spencer Charters as Chief Lawson
James Bush as Tucker Tyler
Charles Halton as Dr. Tyler
Edward McWade as 'Pi' Kelly
References
External links
1939 films
1930s English-language films
American crime films
1939 crime films
Universal Pictures films
Films directed by Frank McDonald
American black-and-white films
1930s American films |
The Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity (DCEO) is the code department of the Illinois state government that sponsors statewide economic development, with special emphases on increasing minority entrepreneurship, promoting the tourism industry, and recruiting Illinois as a location for business investment and film production.
See also
Tourism in Chicago
References
External links
Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity
Commerce and Economic Opportunity
State departments of commerce of the United States |
Hong Kong 97 may refer to:
Handover of Hong Kong in 1997
Hong Kong '97, a 1994 American action thriller film
Hong Kong 97 (video game), a 1995 video game made for the Super Famicom
HK97, a bacterial virus |
The Xudabao Nuclear Power Plant, known also as Xudapu, is a nuclear power station under construction in Xudabao Village, Haibin County, Xingcheng, Huludao, on the coast of Liaoning Province, in northeast China.
It was initially planned to have six 1000-MW AP1000 or CAP1000 light water reactors, but currently only the first two are still planned and the further 2 units will be VVER-1200s.
China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) owns 70% of the project, along with Datang International Power Generation Co. (20%), and State Development and Investment Corporation (10%).
China Nuclear Power Engineering Company (CNPEC) is the general contractor for the project; in 2016 the initial version with 6 AP1000 was expected to cost some CNY 110 billion ($17.1 billion).
Preliminary work on the site began in 2010, but no nuclear concrete pour was made, and works were suspended for several years after the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster.
In 2014, the National Nuclear Safety Administration (NNSA) granted approval for the first two units.
In 2016, China Nuclear Industry 22 Construction Company (CNI22), a subsidiary of China Nuclear Engineering and Construction Corporation (CNECC) signed an EPC contract for the first two units.
China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) and Atomstroyexport signed the detailed contract for the construction of two VVER-1200s (Xudabao 3 and 4) on 7 March 2019. Commercial operation of both units is expected in 2028.
First concrete pour started on 28 July 2021, with unit 3, which despite its designation is the first reactor at the site. Work on unit 4 began in May 2022. Rosatom will supply the nuclear island; the turbine generators will be supplied by China .
Reactor data
The Xudabao Nuclear Power Plant consist of 2 planned reactors, and 2 reactors currently under construction.
See also
Nuclear power in China
References
Nuclear power stations using AP1000 reactors
Nuclear power stations in China
Power stations in Zhejiang
Buildings and structures under construction in China
Nuclear power stations with proposed reactors |
National Highway 37 (NH 37) is a National Highway in India. This highway starts from Badarpur near Karimganj in Assam and terminates at Imphal in Manipur.
This highway was also used for cycling event in 2016 South Asian Games.
References
External links
NH 37 on OpenStreetMap
National highways in India
Transport in Imphal |
Vokesinotus perrugatus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.
Description
The length of the shell attains 28 mm.
Distribution
This marine species occurs off Florida, USA.
References
Petuch, E. J. (2013). Biogeography and biodiversity of western Atlantic mollusks. CRC Press. 252 pp.
External links
Herbert G.S., Pio M.J., Pastorino G., Harasewych M.G., Kantor Yu.I., Lamy D. & Pointier J.-P. (2015). Morphological development of the radula of four species of the neogastropod family Muricidae. Malacologia. 58(1-2): 323-336
perrugatus
Gastropods described in 1846 |
Potassium cyanate is an inorganic compound with the formula KOCN (sometimes denoted KCNO). It is a colourless solid. It is used to prepare many other compounds including useful herbicide. Worldwide production of the potassium and sodium salts was 20,000 tons in 2006.
Structure and bonding
The cyanate anion is isoelectronic with carbon dioxide and with the azide anion, being linear. The C-N distance is 121 pm, about 5 pm longer than for cyanide. Potassium cyanate is isostructural with potassium azide.
Uses
The potassium and sodium salts can be used interchangeably for the majority of applications. Potassium cyanate is often preferred to the sodium salt, which is less soluble in water and less readily available in pure form.
Potassium cyanate is used as a basic raw material for various organic syntheses, including, urea derivatives, semicarbazides, carbamates and isocyanates. For example, it is used to prepare the drug hydroxyurea. It is also used for the heat treatment of metals (e.g., Ferritic nitrocarburizing).
Therapeutic Uses
Potassium cyanate has been used to reduce the percentage of sickled erythrocytes under certain conditions and has also increased the number of deformalities. In an aqueous solution, it has prevented irreversibly the in vitro sickling of hemoglobins containing human erythrocytes during deoxygenization. Veterinarians have also found potassium cyanate useful in that the cyanate salts and isocyanates can treat parasite diseases in both birds and mammals.
Preparation and reactions
KOCN is prepared by heating urea with potassium carbonate at 400 °C:
2 OC(NH2)2 + K2CO3 → 2 KOCN + (NH4)2CO3
The reaction produces a liquid. Intermediates and impurities include biuret, cyanuric acid, and potassium allophanate (KO2CNHC(O)NH2), as well as unreacted starting urea, but these species are unstable at 400 °C.
Protonation gives a 97:3 mixture (at room temperature) of two tautomers, HNCO (isocyanic acid) and NCOH (cyanic acid). This mixture is stable at high dilution but trimerizes on concentration to give cyanuric acid.
Properties
Potassium carbonate crystals are destroyed by the melting process so that the urea can react with almost all potassium ions to convert to potassium cyanate at a higher rate than when in the form of a salt. This makes it easier to reach higher purities above 95%. It can also be made by oxidizing potassium cyanide at a high temperature in the presence of oxygen or easily reduced oxides, such as lead, tin, or manganese dioxide, and in aqueous solution by reacting with hypochlorites or hydrogen peroxide. Another way to synthesize it is to allow an alkali metal cyanide to react with oxygen in nickel containers under controlled conditions. It can be formed by the oxidation of ferrocyanide. Lastly, it can be made by heating potassium cyanide with lead oxide.
References
External links
MSDS
MSDS at jtbaker.com
Potassium compounds
Cyanates |
Peeling the Onion () is an autobiographical work by German Nobel Prize-winning author and playwright Günter Grass, published in 2006. It begins with the end of his childhood in Danzig (Gdansk) when the Second World War breaks out, and ends with the author finishing his first great literary success, The Tin Drum.
2006 non-fiction books
German books
Literary autobiographies
Works by Günter Grass |
A Indomada (English: The Untamed) is a Brazilian telenovela produced and aired by a Brazilian free-to-air television network called Rede Globo. It ran from February 17 to October 11, 1997. It was written by Aguinaldo Silva and Ricardo Linares, with the collaboration of Maria Elisa Berredo, Mark Silver and Nadotti Nelson; directed by Marcos Paulo Roberto Naar and Luiz Henrique Reis; and general direction and core by Marcos Paulo.
Synopsis
Greenville is a fictional town on the northeastern coast of Brazil. It is built in the image of old England due to the influence of the British who, a long time before, had built the Great Western Railway. The Greenvillenses (Greenville citizens) strictly adhere to the British traditions.
Producers of sugar and molasses made this region a very wealthy place for decades; Among them is the Monguaba Factory, owned by the richest and most traditional family in Greenville, the Mendonça e Albuquerque.
Eulalia, the heiress of Monguaba, falls for the cane cutter Zé Leandro. Eulalia's older brother, Pedro Afonso, suspects Zé Leandro and forbids their relationship, going as far as threatening him. Eulalia helps Zé Leandro escape and he vows to return one day to bring her with him. Months later, Eulalia gives birth to a daughter, Lucia Helena (known only as Helena), whom she teaches to wait for her father.
Fifteen years later, a stranger named Teobaldo Faruk, arrives in town and is enamored with Eulalia; however, she is still waiting for Zé Leandro. Maria Altiva, Pedro Afonso's wife, humiliates Teobaldo, saying that a stranger without a penny is not worth approaching a Mendonça e Albuquerque. Teobaldo vows revenge and discovers that Pedro Afonso, a gambling addict, owes money to several people to whom he signed promissory notes.
One day, Zé Leandro returns, ready to flee with Eulalia and Helena and start a new life with them with the fortune he accrued from mining. After arranging the flight, he teaches Helena the value of land. However, the fleeing boat sinks and Zé Leandro drowns on the spot. Eulalia also dies, asking Helena to trust Theobaldo, who had become rich.
Altiva convinces Pedro Afonso that his sister hated him and betrayed him for fifteen years. Hurt, her husband refuses to hold Eulalia's wake in his home. Theobalds finds out and decides to take action: he buys all of Pedro Afonso's notes and becomes his sole creditor and therefore owner of all his possessions. Knowing that Pedro Afonso would be unable to pay the debt with money, he requires a different type of payment: the funeral will be at the mansion of the Mendonça e Albuquerque, and Helena will marry him in the future. In return, Pedro Afonso and his family can continue to live in the mansion and receive an allowance from Theobaldo to support themselves.
Pedro Afonso lets Helena decide, and the girl agrees to marry Theobaldo. They collaborate to send her to London to finish her studies, and only then should she return to marry the stranger. Theobald counts on having a son with Helena, in order to mix his blood with the blood of the Mendonça e Albuquerque, in order to complete his revenge against Altiva.
Ten years later, Helena returns home with Teobaldo, who gives her the factory that he won from Pedro Afonso and had kept closed for years as a wedding present. Their idea is to reopen it to give value to their lands and plantations of sugar cane, thus fulfilling the ideals of Helena's father. However, after her marriage to Theobaldo, she refuses to consummate it, which makes him mad. The conflict lasts the entire story and the two live a story of hate and love, which revolves around the city.
Twenty-eight years ago, Altiva's sister, Santa Maria (also known as Santinha), then a teenager, shared a romance with the owner of the British Club, Richard da Silva Taylor. Vexed with the happiness of her sister, who always she hated for her kindness and sympathy, Altiva, who was a married woman with child, took advantage of a drunken Richard and in the dark, pretended to be her sister to sleep with him. Santinha surprises them in bed and Altiva said he was the one taking advantage of her. Santinha breaks up with Richard, who vows never to love another woman.
Altiva finds out she is pregnant and travels with Santinha to hide the pregnancy. Traumatized, Santinha drinks to forget, and keeps looking for a new love, but only gets involved with married men. Altiva gives birth to a son, Artemio, and intends to leave him in the trash die of hunger and cold. Shocked, Santinha proposes to bring the baby home, pretending it was the son of a mill worker who abandoned him for not having the means to sustain it. Altiva reluctantly agrees, but forces her sister to hide the truth and swear that if someone is suspicious, Santinha will become Artemio's mother.
He is raised by Florencia, the maid of Mendonça e Albuquerque, who knows the truth and constantly threatens to reveal it. Artemio grows into a shy and skittish young man who falls in love with Helena. Altiva ignores him and always refuses to pronounce his name. She humiliates Santinha constantly and does everything in her power to prevent Santinha and Richard from reconnecting.
Embittered by what has happened in his life, Pedro Afonso is dominated by Altiva. Every night he loses money at the tables of the British Club before heading to the brothel. Pedro Afonso ends up falling in love with Zenilda, the energetic owner of the brothel. However, she rejects his advances as she does not want to get involved with the husband of her greatest enemy: Altiva.
Hercules is the son of Pedro Afonso and Altiva. He only appears in Greenville from time to time. At one point, tired of being sustained by Teobaldo, Altiva asks Hercules to marry Dorothy, a shy and awkward daughter of the richest man in town, Pitagoras Williams Mackenzie, who is infatuated with Altiva and resents his wife, Cleonice. Hercules runs from creditors threatening to kill him and his family as he is secretly married to the niece of Florence, Ines, with whom he has two children.
Mackenzie promises a large sum of money to Hercules if he becomes engaged to Dorothy. To save his family, Hercules eventually agrees. Ines discovers the plot and reveals herself in Greenville. Dorothy gets desperate and tries to kill herself. Artemio saves her and the two fall in love.
Cast
External links
1997 Brazilian television series debuts
1997 Brazilian television series endings
1997 telenovelas
TV Globo telenovelas
Brazilian LGBT-related television shows
Portuguese-language telenovelas
Television series about revenge |
St Francis Xavier Church is a heritage-listed Roman Catholic church at 6 Church Street, Goodna, City of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Andrea Giovanni Stombuco and built in 1881 by William Hanley. It was originally known as St Patrick's Church. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.
History
St Francis Xavier Church was designed by architect Andrea Stombuco. The foundation stone for St Patrick's (as it was originally called) was laid on Sunday 15 August 1880 by Bishop of Brisbane James Quinn. The church was opened in Sunday 1 May 1881 by Bishop Quinn. Two major series of extensions and renovations have been made, the first by architects R. Coutts and Sons in 1915 and the second by Hubert van Hoo in the 1980s.
Construction of the church is well-documented. Local stone came from a nearby quarry, believed to be in Stuart Street; parishioners carted the stone to the site as voluntary work. Most masonry work was carried out by William Hanley but was finished by day labour. Carpentry and painting were carried out by James Madden of Ipswich. The cedar was from Doorey's sawmill at [ount Mistake, and other timber from Reillys and Hancocks of Ipswich. The original front cedar door was painted red and the interior was entirely plastered, except for the ceiling which was lined with "Rosewood pine" painted dark blue. The original roof was Gospel Oak iron.
The church was a substantial one; apart from St Mary's in Ipswich, other Catholic churches built in the Ipswich region at that time were simpler buildings of timber.
The church was originally part of Ipswich parish but became a separate parish in 1892, the first priest being Fr Thomas Hayes. A school was started in 1910 and a convent was built in 1911 for Sisters of Mercy who taught at the school. The convent, a two-storey timber building, is still standing in Church Street opposite St Francis Xavier Church. A timber presbytery was built in the 1890s but demolished ; its position is marked by a flat area encircled by trees immediately to the west of the current brick presbytery.
The church was renovated and extended in 1915 by contractor J.C. Hobbs of Brisbane, to a design by R Coutts and Sons. The main change was construction of a new apse of brick and two side sacristies; to connect the apse, an arch was cut in the stonework of the rear wall. Two side windows of the church were converted into double doors and the remaining six pairs were altered to allow them to be openable. A new altar rail was installed and a new porch was added at the front, floored in black-and-white tile and containing a leadlight window by Extons. The foundations were strengthened and the walls were tied with iron plates running the length of the building on each side. At this time, two major stained glass windows were installed in the side walls, one in memory of local school teacher John Carroll and the other in memory of Denis Gorman.
The triple window on the western wall and other fittings, Stations of the Cross paintings and statues within the church are also memorials.
The name of the church was changed to St Francis Xavier in the 1920s, apparently to avoid confusion as so many churches were named St Patrick's.
Further changes occurred in the 1970s and 80s, prompted by changing liturgy and changing patterns of church-going. Externally, a light timber structure was built at the northern side entrance to provide a place where the congregation could gather after a service. This was designed by parishioner and local architect Hubert van Hoof. The building was also repaired at this time, including installation of a new floor.
Internally, there have been numerous changes to the sanctuary area following the liturgical changes of the Second Vatican Council; the altar was moved and later reduced in size, and the altar rail was removed. The gallery at the western end has been removed. The current pews are not original, but were recently acquired from another church. New silky oak altar furniture was designed by architect Hubert van Hoof.
Description
St Francis Xavier is a traditional cruciform-plan Gothic Revival church of sandstone with steep gabled roof forms clad in corrugated galvanised iron.
The western end has a small gabled entrance porch floored in black and white tiles, while the eastern end has an extended sanctuary and twin sacristies in brickwork. A contemporary timber-framed northern entry porch gives access from the carpark to the centre of the nave. Windows are of pointed arch design, some of which contain fine quality stained and coloured glass memorials.
The nave is dominated by the large archway leading to the extended sanctuary. The raised sanctuary floor has been extended westward into the nave. Niches each side of the archway contain religious statues. The painted boarded ceiling follows the collar-tie roof form and exhibits steel tie-rod and roof bracing.
The church pews are benches in light-coloured timber, low-backed and dating from possibly the 1970s. Other furniture includes a small timber altar of earlier date as well as new altar furniture in light-coloured silky oak (designed by architect Hubert van Hoof).
The walls of the nave display paintings showing the Stations of the Cross and a memorial tablet honouring the first Parish Priest Fr Hayes. On the exterior walls above window height along each side is a steel strap extending the length of the stone work.
The church is complemented by a parkland setting of mature trees, most notably tall hoop pines to the north, east and west. Early church entrance gates have survived at the Church Street boundary in front of the church.
New school buildings are situated close to the southern side of the church and a brick presbytery and church office are situated to the north-east. These are not included within the heritage listing.
Heritage listing
St Francis Xavier Church was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.
The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.
The place demonstrates the pattern of development of the Goodna township and the desire of the Catholic community of the area in the 1880s to build a substantial local church
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.
It is a good example of a Revival Gothic stone church of simple traditional form.
The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.
The church is prominently located near the major shopping area of Goodna and, with its setting of mature trees, has landmark qualities and contributes aesthetically to the streetscape.
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
It has had a strong association with the spiritual, social and educational life of the Goodna community since its construction in 1881.
The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history.
It was built to the design of important architect Andrea Stombuco.
References
Attribution
External links
Provides a detailed description of the church at its opening in 1881.
Queensland Heritage Register
Goodna, Queensland
Articles incorporating text from the Queensland Heritage Register
1881 establishments in Australia
Roman Catholic churches in Queensland
19th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Australia
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1881
Gothic Revival architecture in Queensland
Gothic Revival church buildings in Australia
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Brisbane |
Cariboo-Chilcotin is a provincial electoral district in British Columbia, Canada. It was established by the Electoral Districts Act, 2008 and was first contested in the 2009 general election. It was last contested in the 2020 provincial election.
Geography
As of the 2020 provincial election, Cariboo-Chilcotin comprises the southern portion of the Cariboo Regional District. It is located in central British Columbia. Communities in the electoral district consist of Williams Lake and 100 Mile House.
History
Electoral history
References
British Columbia provincial electoral districts |
Tiruvannamalai Adheenam or Kunnakudi Tiruvannamalai Mutt Adikam (also called Kunnakudi Tiruvannamalai Mutt Adikam or Kunnakudi Adheenam) is a Saivite monastic institution based in the town of Kunnakudi in South India established during the 16th century. The Mutt is involved in inculcating Saiva Siddhanta philosophy, a branch of the Hindu sect of Saivism. The temple maintains and administers the Shanmughanathar Temple.
The mutt emerged with popular socialistic views during the tenure of the 45th pontiff Deivasigamni Arunachala Desiga Adigal. The mutt is involved in social empowerment of the villages and is involved in social service for the villages in and around Kunnakudi. The mutt closely works with NGOs in the region for rural development.
History
The adheenam was founded during the 16th century, along with the Dharmapuram Adheenam, Thiruvaduthurai Adheenam and the Thiruppanandal Adheenam, to spread the ideology of Saiva Sidhantam.
Srimat Deivasigamani Desiga Paramacharya Swamigal founded a Saiva siddantha math at Tiruvannamalai, in North Arcot district. Later on, the disciples of the math, now called Kunnakudi Thiruvannamalai Mutt Adikam, settled down at Piranmalai. About 200 years ago, due to religious and administrative convenience and at the request of Sethupathi Raja of Ramnad, they shifted the activity to Kunnakudi in Tirupathur Taluk of the Ramanathapuram district. The math is The founder of the adheenam had a very cordial relation with Vellala Maharaja and was the disciple of Arulnandi Sivacharya Swamigal, who established the Saiva siddantha philosophy in Tamil Nadu Swami Pandaram was descendant of Rameswaram temple. Based on the palm leaf manuscript mentions Maruthu Pandiyar had great respect for the priest and that the administration of the Shanmughanathar Temple was handed over to the mutt.
Kundrakudi Adigal served as pontiff until his death in 1995.
Social aspects
Under the aegis of Srilasri Deivasigamani Arunachala Desiga Paramacharya Swamigal, the mutt was involved in social activities beyond the traditional religious services offered. The mutt followed social movement under his tutelage, advocated socialism and supported co-operative movement. The mutt started working against poverty by empowering the villages in and around Kunnakudi. The mutt is involved in social empowerment of the villages and is involved in social service for the villages in and around Kunnakudi. The mutt closely works with NGOs in the region for rural development. During the 1960s, the mutt started inter-caste dining, which was not followed till that time. The pontiff also started writing and publishing views to fight social evils like caste system, crime against women, child marriage and dowry system. The mutt conducts debating and Tamil language related events to help in the development of the language and the society.
References
Hindu monasteries in India
Shaivism
Aadheenams |
Jennifer Carlson is an American politician serving as a member of the Montana House of Representatives from the 69th district. Elected in November 2020, she assumed office on January 4, 2021.
Background
Carlson was born and raised in Montana. She earned a Bachelor of Science degree in biomedical sciences from Montana State University. Carlson and her husband, Don, have five children and live in Churchill, Montana. She was elected to the Montana House of Representatives in November 2020 and assumed office on January 4, 2021.
References
Living people
Montana State University alumni
Republican Party members of the Montana House of Representatives
Women state legislators in Montana
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women |
The SSM-N-8A Regulus or the Regulus I was a United States Navy-developed ship-and-submarine-launched, nuclear-capable turbojet-powered second generation cruise missile, deployed from 1955 to 1964. Its development was an outgrowth of U.S. Navy tests conducted with the German V-1 missile at Naval Air Station Point Mugu in California. Its barrel-shaped fuselage resembled that of numerous fighter aircraft designs of the era, but without a cockpit. Test articles of the Regulus were equipped with landing gear and could take off and land like an airplane. When the missiles were deployed they were launched from a rail launcher, and equipped with a pair of Aerojet JATO bottles on the aft end of the fuselage.
History
Design and development
In October 1943, Chance Vought Aircraft Company signed a study contract for a range missile to carry a warhead. The project stalled for four years, however, until May 1947, when the United States Army Air Forces awarded Martin Aircraft Company a contract for a turbojet powered subsonic missile, the Matador. The Navy saw Matador as a threat to its role in guided missiles and, within days, started a Navy development program for a missile that could be launched from a submarine and use the same J33 engine as the Matador. In August 1947, the specifications for the project, now named "Regulus," were issued: Carry a warhead, to a range of , at Mach 0.85, with a circular error probable (CEP) of 0.5% of the range. At its extreme range the missile had to hit within of its target 50% of the time.
Regulus development was preceded by Navy experiments with the JB-2 Loon missile, a close derivative of the German V-1 flying bomb, beginning in the last year of World War II. Submarine testing was performed from 1947 to 1953 at the Navy's facility at Naval Air Station Point Mugu, with and converted as test platforms, initially carrying the missile unprotected, thus unable to submerge until after launch.
Regulus was designed to be long, in wingspan, in diameter, and would weigh between . The missile resembled an F-84 fighter aircraft, but without a cockpit, and test versions were equipped with landing gear so that they could be recovered and re-used. After launch, Regulus would be guided toward its target by control stations, typically by submarines or surface ships equipped with guidance equipment. It could also be flown remotely by chase aircraft. (Later, with the "Trounce" system (Tactical Radar Omnidirectional Underwater Navigational Control Equipment), one submarine could guide it). Army-Navy competition complicated both the Matador's and the Regulus' developments. The missiles looked alike and used the same engine. They had nearly identical performances, schedules, and costs. Under pressure to reduce defense spending, the United States Department of Defense ordered the Navy to determine if Matador could be adapted for their use. The Navy concluded that the Navy's Regulus could perform the Navy mission better.
Regulus had some advantages over Matador. It required only two guidance stations while Matador required three. It could also be launched quicker, as Matador's boosters had to be fitted while the missile was on the launcher while Regulus was stowed with its boosters attached. Finally, Chance Vought built a recoverable version of the missile, designated KDU-1 and also used as a target drone, so that even though a Regulus test vehicle was more expensive to build, Regulus was cheaper to use over a series of tests. The Navy program continued, and the first Regulus flew in March 1951.
Due to its size and regulations concerning oversize loads on highways, Chance Vought collaborated with a firm that specialized in trucking oversize loads to develop a special tractor trailer combination which could move a Regulus I missile.
Ships and submarines deployed with Regulus I
The first launch from a submarine occurred in July 1953 from the deck of , a World War II fleet boat modified to carry Regulus. Tunny and her sister boat were the United States's first nuclear deterrent patrol submarines. They were joined in 1958 by two purpose-built Regulus submarines, and , and, later, by the nuclear-powered . Halibut, with its extremely large internal hangar could carry five missiles and was intended to be the prototype of a whole new class of cruise missile firing SSG-N submarines.
The Navy strategy called for four Regulus missiles to be at sea at any given time. Thus, Barbero and Tunny, each of which carried two Regulus missiles, patrolled simultaneously. Growler and Grayback, with four missiles each, or Halibut, with five, could patrol alone. Operating from Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, the five Regulus submarines made 40 nuclear deterrent patrols in the Northern Pacific Ocean between October 1959 and July 1964, including during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. According to the documentary "Regulus: The First Nuclear Missile Submarines" by Nick T. Spark, their primary task in the event of a nuclear exchange would be to eliminate the Soviet naval base at Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. These deterrent patrols represented the first ever in the history of the submarine Navy and preceded those made by the Polaris missile firing submarines.
The Regulus firing submarines were relieved by the s carrying the Polaris missile system. Barbero also earned the distinction of launching the only delivery of missile mail.
Additional submarines including USS Cusk and USS Carbonero were equipped with control systems that allowed them to take control of a Regulus in flight, thus extending its range in a tactical situation.
Regulus was also deployed by the U.S. Navy in 1955 in the Pacific on board the cruiser . In 1956, three more followed: , , and . These four s each carried three Regulus missiles on operational patrols in the Western Pacific. Macon last Regulus patrol was in 1958, Toledo in 1959, Helena in 1960, and Los Angeles in 1961.
Ten aircraft carriers were configured to operate Regulus missiles (though only six ever launched one). did not deploy with the missile but conducted the first launch of a Regulus from a warship. also did not deploy but was involved in two demonstration launches. and each conducted one test launch. deployed to the Mediterranean carrying three Regulus missiles. deployed once to the Western Pacific with four missiles in 1955. Lexington, Hancock, , and were involved in the development of the Regulus Assault Mission (RAM) concept. RAM converted the Regulus cruise missiles into an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV): Regulus missiles would be launched from cruisers or submarines, and once in flight, guided to their targets by carrier-based pilots with remote control equipment.
Replacement and legacy
Despite being the U.S. Navy's first underwater nuclear capability, the Regulus missile system had significant operational drawbacks. In order to launch, the submarine had to surface and assemble the missile in whatever sea conditions it was in. Because it required active radar guidance, which only had a range of , the ship had to stay stationary on the surface to guide it to the target while effectively broadcasting its location. This guidance method was susceptible to jamming and since the missile was subsonic, the launch platform remained exposed and vulnerable to attack during its flight duration; destroying the ship would effectively disable the missile in flight.
Production of Regulus was phased out in January 1959 with delivery of the 514th missile; in 1962, it was redesignated RGM-6. It was removed from service in August 1964. Some of the obsolete missiles were expended as targets at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida. Regulus not only provided the first nuclear strategic deterrence force for the United States Navy during the first years of the Cold War and especially during the Cuban Missile Crisis, preceding the Polaris missiles, Poseidon missiles, and Trident missiles that followed, but it was also the forerunner of the Tomahawk cruise missile.
Following retirement, a number of Regulas I missiles were converted for target drone usage under the designation BQM-6C.
Regulus II
A second generation supersonic Vought SSM-N-9 Regulus II cruise missile with a range of and a speed of Mach 2 was developed and successfully tested, including a test launch from Grayback, but the program was canceled in favor of the UGM-27 Polaris nuclear ballistic missile.
The Regulus II missile was a completely new design with improved guidance and double the range, and was intended to replace the Regulus I missile. Regulus II-equipped submarines and ships would have been fitted with the Ships Inertial Navigation System (SINS), allowing the missiles to be aligned accurately before take-off.
Forty-eight test flights of Regulus II prototypes were carried out, 30 of which were successful, 14 partially successful and four failures. A production contract was signed in January 1958 and the only submarine launch was carried out from Grayback in September 1958.
Due to the high cost of the Regulus II (approximately one million dollars each), budgetary pressure, and the emergence of the UGM-27 Polaris SLBM (submarine-launched ballistic missile), the Regulus II program was canceled on 18 December 1958. At the time of cancellation Vought had completed 20 Regulus II missiles with 27 more on the production line. Production of Regulus I missiles continued until January 1959 with delivery of the 514th missile, and it was withdrawn from service in August 1964.
Both Regulus I and Regulus II were used as target drones after 1964.
Surviving examples
The following museums in the United States have Regulus missiles on display as part of their collections:
Carolinas Aviation Museum, Charlotte, North Carolina
Regulus I missile in launch position at the Carolinas Aviation Museum in Charlotte, North Carolina. It is mounted on a catapult launching stand used for aircraft carrier launches and was restored late 2006 after having been on outdoor display for a number of years.
Frontiers of Flight Museum, Dallas Love Field, Texas
Regulus II missile
Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum, New York City, New York
Regulus I cruise missile can be seen ready for simulated launch on board at the Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum in New York City.
Point Mugu Missile Park, Naval Air Station Point Mugu, California
The museum's collection includes both a Regulus and a Regulus II missile
Museum, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Veterans Memorial Museum, Huntsville, Alabama
Regulus II missile
Smithsonian Institution, National Air and Space Museum
Regulus I on display at Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center
New Jersey Naval Museum, Hackensack, New Jersey
Regulus with intact engine
US Navy Pacific Missile Range Facility, Barking Sands, island of Kauai, Hawaii
Regulus I restored in 2011 on static display inside the North Gate
Operators
United States Navy (from 1955 to 1964)
See also
List of missiles
SSBN Deterrent Patrol insignia
References
External links
USS Halibut Webpage
US Navy Photos & Documentary film produced by Nick T. Spark, "Regulus: The First Nuclear Missile Submarines" which aired initially on the History Channel in Europe.
Carolinas Aviation Museum
"Regulus: The First Nuclear Missile Submarines"
Nuclear cruise missiles of the United States
Nuclear cruise missiles of the United States Navy
Cruise missiles of the Cold War
Cold War nuclear missiles of the United States
Vought
Military equipment introduced in the 1950s |
Hardenbergia violacea is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is known in Australia by the common names false sarsaparilla, purple coral pea, and waraburra. Elsewhere it is also called purple twining-pea, vine-lilac, and wild sarsaparilla. It is a prostrate or climbing subshrub with egg-shaped to narrow lance-shaped leaves and racemes of mostly purple flowers.
Description
Hardenbergia violacea is a prostrate or climbing sub-shrub with wiry stems up to or more long. The leaves are egg-shaped to lance-shaped, long and wide on a petiole about long. The leaves are leathery, glabrous and paler on the lower surface. The flowers are arranged in racemes of between twenty and forty flowers, each on a pedicel mostly long. The sepals are long and joined at the base, forming a bell-shaped tube with triangular teeth. The petals are about long, mostly purple, the standard petal with a yellowish spot and a notch on the summit, the wings are egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base and the keel is curved. Flowering mostly occurs from August to November and the fruit is a pod long containing between six and eight kidney-shaped seeds. The flowers are usually purple or violet, but pink, white and other colours sometimes occur.
H. violacea regrows from its roots after fire. The roots were experimented with by early European settlers as a substitute for sarsaparilla.
Taxonomy
False sarsaparilla was first formally described in 1793 by George Voorhelm Schneevoogt who gave it the name Glycine violacea in his book, Icones Plantarum Rariorum. In 1940, William T. Stearn changed the name to Hardenbergia violacea.
Distribution and habitat
Hardenbergia violacea grows in a variety of habitats but is more common in open forests, woodlands and undisturbed areas, from sea level to about above sea level. It occurs in eastern Queensland, eastern New South Wales, south-eastern Victoria and southern South Australia. There is a single population in Tasmania, where the species is listed as "endangered" under the Tasmanian Government Threatened Species Protection Act 1995.
Use in horticulture
Hardenbergia violacea is widely grown as a garden plant, with many cultivars now available. It is hardy in mild and coastal areas of the United Kingdom where temperatures do not fall below , but it does require a sheltered, south or west facing situation. Alternatively it may be grown indoors with full daylight, for instance in an unheated conservatory or greenhouse. It has been given the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
The seeds of H. violacea remain viable for many years and propagation is from seeds that have been treated by adding boiling water to them or by abrading the seed coat. Plants prefer full sun in well-drained soil, are moderately frost-tolerant and respond well to pruning.
References
External links
Australian Cultivar Registration Authority - Hardenbergia violacea 'Happy Wanderer'
Fabales of Australia
Flora of Queensland
Flora of Victoria (state)
Flora of Tasmania
Flora of New South Wales
Flora of South Australia
Plants described in 1793
Garden plants |
```c++
// This file was automatically generated on Mon Aug 25 18:12:27 2014
// by libs/config/tools/generate.cpp
// Use, modification and distribution are subject to the
// LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at path_to_url
// See path_to_url for the most recent version.//
// Revision $Id$
//
// Test file for macro BOOST_NO_CXX11_FIXED_LENGTH_VARIADIC_TEMPLATE_EXPANSION_PACKS
// This file should compile, if it does not then
// BOOST_NO_CXX11_FIXED_LENGTH_VARIADIC_TEMPLATE_EXPANSION_PACKS should be defined.
// See file boost_no_fixed_len_variadic_templates.ipp for details
// Must not have BOOST_ASSERT_CONFIG set; it defeats
// the objective of this file:
#ifdef BOOST_ASSERT_CONFIG
# undef BOOST_ASSERT_CONFIG
#endif
#include <boost/config.hpp>
#include "test.hpp"
#ifndef BOOST_NO_CXX11_FIXED_LENGTH_VARIADIC_TEMPLATE_EXPANSION_PACKS
#include "boost_no_fixed_len_variadic_templates.ipp"
#else
namespace boost_no_cxx11_fixed_length_variadic_template_expansion_packs = empty_boost;
#endif
int main( int, char *[] )
{
return boost_no_cxx11_fixed_length_variadic_template_expansion_packs::test();
}
``` |
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