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Taylor Township is a township in Blair County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the Altoona, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,306 at the 2020 census.
General information
ZIP code: 16673
Area code: 814
Local telephone exchange: 224
Geography
Taylor Township is located along the southern border of Blair County; Bedford County is to the south. The township completely surrounds the borough of Roaring Spring. The township's western border follows the ridgecrest of Dunning Mountain and Short Mountain, then curves to the east along the crest of Loop Mountain. Unincorporated places in the township include East Sharpsburg, Dumb Hundred, and Ore Hill.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
According to the census of 2000, there were 2,239 people, 852 households, and 685 families residing in the township. The population density was . There were 909 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the township was 98.84% White, 0.22% African American, 0.13% Asian, 0.18% from other races, and 0.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.36% of the population.
There were 852 households, out of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.3% were married couples living together, 5.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.5% were non-families. 17.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 2.95.
In the township the population was spread out, with 22.6% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 27.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 106.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.5 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $41,635, and the median income for a family was $45,795. Males had a median income of $30,368 versus $23,438 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,260. About 0.9% of families and 3.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.0% of those under age 18 and 6.1% of those age 65 or over.
Recreation
A portion of Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 147 is located on Dunning Mountain.
References
Populated places established in 1775
Townships in Blair County, Pennsylvania
Townships in Pennsylvania |
Hilbert van der Duim (born 4 August 1957) is a Dutch former speed skater. A two-time world and European champion, Van der Duim "won often but also fell often", and has become famous for some of the incidents that happened to him during his career.
Career
Hilbert van der Duim became World Allround Champion in 1980, was the first skater in four years to beat Eric Heiden in international competition. He became World Allround Champion again in 1982. He also was European Allround Champion twice (in 1983 and 1984) and became Dutch Allround Champion a record number of seven times, winning seven consecutive national Allround titles in the years 1979-1985.
He participated in the Winter Olympics, twice (in 1980 and 1984), but his highest finish was fourth place in the 5,000 meters in 1980 in Lake Placid. In 1986, Van der Duim switched to marathon skating and impressed by his high skating speed. On 28 November 1986, he became World Hour Record holder, skating 39,492.80 metres in one hour. He was forced to end his skating career when he was involved in a severe automobile accident in 1987, driving home after a marathon.
Van der Duim was of the last generation of skaters before the commercialization of the sport in the Netherlands; the Dutch skating league had such strict rules against advertising, for instance, that Van der Duim was threatened with expulsion after he appeared on television with the name of a sponsor on his hat. After his skating career, Van der Duim became a teacher, teaching economics at Drenthe College, and in the late 1990s he was also active in local politics, taking a seat on the city council of Assen for a populist party.
Incidents
Van der Duim gained fame as a colourful skater because of several incidents. At the European Allround Championships in 1981, he fell on the 10,000 m and finished this distance in a time of 15:28.53 (for comparison: during the European Championships the year before, he had skated a time of 15:06.29). His fall probably cost him the title – he won European Allround silver 0.728 points (equivalent to 14.56 seconds on the 10,000 m) behind Amund Sjøbrend. After his 10,000 m race, Van der Duim explained that skating over "bird poop" had made him fall, causing widespread speculation in the Dutch popular press over the nature of the bird. Later, Van der Duim admitted there had been no excrement, but the episode has come to stand for any unexplained failure in Dutch sports.
On the 5,000 m at the World Allround Championships that same year, he sprinted to the finish line one lap too soon and it took him some time to understand what people were trying to tell him – that he had one more lap to go. His chances to successfully defend his World Allround Championships title were ruined when he fell on the 1,500 m the next day.
At the 1983 World Allround Championships in Oslo, Van der Duim was still the reigning World Allround Champion, and he made his appearance in a "rainbow speed skating suit", a white suit with coloured stripes, influenced by the rainbow jersey used by reigning World Champions in bicycle racing. After an excellent 500 m race, he finished only 17th on the 5,000 m and therefore did not qualify for the final distance, the 10,000 m. After his disastrous 5,000 m race, Van der Duim declared that he had "porridge in his legs".
Personal records
Source: www.isu.org
Van der Duim has an Adelskalender score of 162.253 points. His highest ranking on the Adelskalender was a 3rd place.
World records
source:
Tournament overview
DNQ = Did not qualify for the last distance
NC = No classification
source:
Medals won
References
External links
1957 births
Living people
People from Opsterland
Dutch male speed skaters
Olympic speed skaters for the Netherlands
Speed skaters at the 1980 Winter Olympics
Speed skaters at the 1984 Winter Olympics
World Allround Speed Skating Championships medalists
World Sprint Speed Skating Championships medalists
Sportspeople from Friesland |
Pi or is a mathematical constant equal to a circle's circumference divided by its diameter.
Pi, π or Π may also refer to:
Language and typography
Pi (letter), in the Greek alphabet
Pi characters, uncommon characters in typesetting
Pi font, a term for some kinds of dingbat fonts
Pali, an Indo-Aryan language (ISO 639-1 code: pi)
Places
Pi (state), an ancient state during China's Zhou dynasty
Pi, Catalonia, a village of Bellver de Cerdanya, Spain
Pi County, Sichuan province, China
Pi Islands, Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica
People
Given name
Pi de Bruijn (born 1942), Dutch architect
Pi O or П. O. (born 1951), Greek-Australian anarchist poet
Pi Schwert (1892–1941), American baseball player and politician
Pi Vèriss, Dutch songwriter and composer
Surname
Bi (surname) (), romanized as Pi in Wade–Giles
Pi (surname) (), a Chinese surname
Enric Pi (born 1983), Catalan footballer
Francesc Pi i Margall (1824–1901), Catalan politician
Jordi Sabater Pi (1922–2009), Catalan primatologist and ethologist
Meritxell Mateu i Pi (born 1966), Andorran diplomat
Ot Pi (born 1970), Catalan mountain bike trials rider
Pedro Pi (1899–1970), Spanish sailor
Renzo Pi Hugarte (1934–2012), Uruguayan anthropologist
Arts, entertainment, and media
Fictional characters
Pi (.hack), in the multimedia franchise .hack//G.U.
Pi, in both:
Life of Pi, a 2001 novel, and
Life of Pi (film), a 2012 adaptation
Pi, a member of Team Robo in Sega Soccer Slam
Pi, in the 2006 animated film Shark Bait and the 2012 sequel The Reef 2: High Tide
Music
Pi (instrument), several traditional Thai reed instruments
"π", a song by Kate Bush from Aerial
"Pi", a song by Hard 'n Phirm from Horses and Grasses
Pi Recordings, a record label
Other arts, entertainment, and media
Pi (film), a 1998 film directed by Darren Aronofsky
P.I. (TV series), a 2017 Singaporean 1series
Pi magazine, a student publication of the University College London Union
Pi Studios, a video game developer
Science and mathematics
Chemistry and biochemistry
π, a measure of nucleotide diversity
Π or Osmotic pressure
Pi, an inorganic phosphate group
Isoelectric point (pI), the pH at which a particular molecule carries no net electrical charge in the statistical mean
Pi bond, a chemical bond
Logic and computer science
Π, the symbol for maxterm notation in Karnaugh mapping
Raspberry Pi, a single-board computer
Mathematics
, a glyph representing the product of a sequence of terms
, a set in the arithmetical hierarchy
, a set in the analytical hierarchy
, a set in the polynomial hierarchy
(Pi function), the Gamma function when offset to coincide with the factorial
, the complete elliptic integral of the third kind
, the th homotopy group of
-calculus, a process calculus
Prime-counting function or
, the population proportion in statistics
Physics
Pion or π, a subatomic particle
Other uses
Pi (prefix symbol), or pebi, in computing
Π, for plaintiff, in legal shorthand
Π, stands for Pierikos F.C. kit logo
Pi Day, March 14 (3/14 in the US)
Principal investigator, a lead researcher
Private investigator
See also
PI (disambiguation)
P (disambiguation)
Pai (disambiguation)
Pie (disambiguation)
Pye (disambiguation) |
Güzelyurt is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Mut, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 103 (2022). It is located in the Göksu River valley to the north of Mut. Its distance to Mut is and to Mersin is . Village economy depends agriculture.
References
Neighbourhoods in Mut District |
Jeff Carr is an American Democratic politician from Eagle Nest, New Mexico. He has taught in public education for more than 27 years, worked as a stockbroker, commercial insurance agent and a nuclear weapons specialist. He has also served as a municipal judge and the Mayor Pro-Tem of Eagle Nest, New Mexico.
Carr ran for the position of Lieutenant Governor in New Mexico's 2018 gubernatorial election.
Carr is a registered Independent and wants "to be an active proponent of education."
References
External links
Jeff Carr - Ballotpedia
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people |
Australian recording artist Cody Simpson has released four studio albums, nine extended plays, one mixtape, twenty one singles (including one as a featured artist), five promotional singles and seventeen music videos. Simpson released his debut extended play, 4 U, on 21 December 2010 under Atlantic Records, preceded by the lead single "iYiYi", which peaked at number 73 on the Canadian Hot 100. The album spawned a second single, "All Day", which peaked at number 79 on the Canadian Hot 100.
Simpson released the first single from the album, "On My Mind", on 23 April 2011. Shortly afterwards, he confirmed the title of his debut album to be Coast to Coast. The second single, "Not Just You" was released on 16 September 2011, "Angel" was released on 16 December 2011. In April 2012, Simpson released the mixtape Angels & Gentlemen while waiting to release his first full-studio album Paradise.
Albums
Studio albums
Compilation albums
Mixtapes
Extended plays
Singles
As lead artist
As featured artist
Promotional singles
Guest appearances
Soundtracks
Notes
References
External links
Discography
Discographies of Australian artists
Pop music discographies |
56 Henry is an American contemporary art gallery owned by Eleanor Rines. It is located at 56 Henry Street in New York City.
History
Rines opened her first gallery, 55 Gansevoort, in New York's Meatpacking District in 2013. The gallery was known for showcasing unique emerging and established artists in its modest storefront space. When the space was sold by the owners in August 2015, Rines moved the gallery to 56 Henry in New York's Two Bridges neighborhood of Lower Manhattan, bordering Chinatown, and changed its name accordingly. It is located at street level, and the gallery’s exhibitions are visible to the public twenty-four hours a day. The gallery opened a second location, 105 Henry in 2022.
Artists
LaKela Brown
Al Freeman
Nikita Gale
Kunle Martins
Richard Tinkler
Cynthia Talmadge
Jo Messer
David Roy
Clayton Schiff
References
External links
Contemporary art galleries in the United States
Art museums and galleries in Manhattan
2013 establishments in New York City
Lower Manhattan |
Fanatics, Inc. is an American manufacturer and online retailer of licensed sportswear for the MLB, MLS, NBA, NFL, NHL, NASCAR, Formula 1, and NPB. They sell sports collectibles, NFTs, trading cards, and sports merchandise, as well as sports betting and iGaming. The company began as an American online retailer of licensed sportswear and merchandise, which operates the e-commerce businesses of major professional sports leagues and media brands, as well as hundreds of collegiate and professional team properties.
History
Michael G. Rubin is the CEO of Fanatics. In 1998, Rubin created an apparel and logistics company, Global Sports Incorporated, which would later turn into GSI Commerce, a multibillion-dollar e-commerce company.
In 2011, Rubin acquired Fanatics from its founders, brothers Alan and Mitchell Trager; the Florida-based sports retailer had an e-commerce presence across college and professional teams, and the new assets merged into GSI.
Rubin sold GSI to eBay later that year for $2.4 billion and bought back the sports e-commerce business, which included online stores for all North American sports leagues along with hundreds of teams and colleges, keeping the name Fanatics, Inc for the new company moving forward.
Post-merger
In April 2012, Fanatics raised $150 million from Insight Venture Partners and Andreessen Horowitz and acquired its Florida-based rival Dreams, Inc. for $158 million in cash and $25 million in debt. This move added the brands Fans Edge and Mounted Memories, which was rebranded as Fanatics Authentic division.
Rubin’s vision was to differentiate Fanatics by serving the real-time expectations of global sports fans and partners. In 2014, Doug Mack was appointed CEO and Fanatics opened a Bay Area office to tap into the Silicon Valley tech talent pool. Mack helped Fanatics move from a domestic e-commerce business to a mobile-first, direct-to-consumer brand with its own manufacturing capabilities. Priorities such as real-time manufacturing, data, and technology, would guide the company’s innovative vertical commerce (v-commerce) model.
In 2015, Fanatics raised $300 million from Silver Lake Partners and in early 2016 the company acquired UK-based internet retailer Kitbag to accelerate focus around international expansion and global soccer.
In April 2017, Fanatics bought sportswear and merchandise manufacturer and MLB uniform provider Majestic Athletic from VF Corporation in an effort to add to the company’s growing vertical manufacturing capabilities. Nike Inc. would eventually take over as MLB’s official on-field uniform partner, with Fanatics using the existing facilities acquired during the Majestic acquisition to now make Nike MLB uniforms.
In September 2017, Fanatics closed a $1 billion round of fundraising led by Softbank, with participation from the NFL, MLB, NHL, MLS and NFLPA. As of that year, Fanatics was expected to produce $2.2 billion in annual revenue. The next month, Fanatics acquired Fermata Partners to transform the college licensed sports business and a new Fanatics College division was formed.
In the following two years, Fanatics announced 10-year deals with Nike, the National Football League and Major League Baseball that granted Fanatics the rights to design, manufacture and distribute all Nike fan gear sold at retail for both leagues.
At the onset of the pandemic in early 2020, Fanatics and MLB halted production of MLB jerseys to manufacture masks and gowns for emergency personnel battling COVID-19.
Using the exact same material that was previously used to make Yankees, Red Sox, Phillies and all other MLB jerseys, that fabric was instead used to make more than one million masks and gowns that were eventually shipped to more than a dozen states.
In April 2020, Michael Rubin—with the help of Fanatics employees around the world—launched the ALL IN Challenge, one of the largest digital fundraisers in history. The celebrity and athlete driven ALL IN Challenge exploded on social media and raised $60 million dollars to provide nearly 300 million meals for Feeding America, Meals on Wheels, No Kid Hungry, and World Central Kitchen. Also in 2020, Fanatics established the All-In Challenge Foundation, which will continue to serve as the philanthropic arm of the company.
In August 2020, the company secured $350 million Series E funding raising Fanatics’ valuation to $6.2 billion. Using the new funds, Fanatics purchased assets from Vetta Brands, including leading collegiate headwear producer Top of the World. This acquisition saved more than 200 jobs and added significant headwear scale and capabilities.
In December 2020, Fanatics acquired WinCraft, the preeminent licensed hardgoods and promotional products company, which increased the company’s presence with non-apparel merchandise.
Global Digital Sports Platform (2021–present)
In March 2021, Fanatics secured a $320 million funding round, followed by another $325 million in August 2021 that brought the company's valuation to $18 billion as of September 2021. During the latter funding round, Fanatics also announced plans to evolve into a global digital sports platform through expansion into new verticals, including NFTs, trading cards, gambling and gaming, ticketing, media and more. With the move, Rubin assumed the new role of CEO of the larger Fanatics company, with Doug Mack remaining CEO of Fanatics Commerce and serving as Vice Chairman of the broader business.
In May 2021, Rubin co-founded the digital collectibles company Candy Digital with Mike Novogratz and Gary Vaynerchuk. Candy Digital secured an exclusive, long-term agreement with MLB as its first content partner. Later that year, Candy Digital received $100 million financing round, valuing the company at $1.5 billion. The round was led by Insight Partners and SoftBank Vision Fund2, and included NFL Hall of Famer Peyton Manning, Connect Ventures and Will Ventures. In January 2022 it was reported that Fanatics was divesting its 60% stake in Candy Digital.
In August 2021, Fanatics secured long-term Trading Cards manufacturing and distribution rights from MLB, MLBPA, NBA, NBPA and NFLPA, starting 2026. A month later, Fanatics Collectibles, Fanatics’ new trading cards and collectibles business, secured a $350 million Series A round at $10.4 billion valuation. Fanatics acquired Topps, the preeminent licensed trading card brand that has serviced collectors, fans and retailers for more than 70 years, in early 2022. As part of the deal, approximately 350 global Topps sports and entertainment employees joined Fanatics and the brand will continue to operate under Fanatics Collectibles.
In February 2022, Fanatics, along with some names in sports, entertainment and culture, acquired lifestyle and streetwear brand Mitchell & Ness from Juggernaut Capital Partners. Mitchell & Ness will continue to operate as a separate, distinct brand within the Fanatics Commerce division. In April 2022, Fanatics announced a $1.5 billion fundraising round which brought the company’s most recent valuation to $27 billion. More than half of the money raised came from strategic partners, including sports leagues, players’ associations, and team owners, with the single biggest investor being the NFL.
In May 2023, Fanatics agreed a deal to buy PointsBet’s US business in an acquisition worth $150 million and marking the sports giant’s first major leap into U.S. sports betting. In June 2023, it increased the offer to $225 million in an effort to outbid DraftKings after that company made a competing bid of $195 million.
Sports leagues
NBA
In 2015, the NBA announced a multi-year partnership with Fanatics to operate its 25,000 sq ft flagship store in New York City. Since Fanatics also operates the online NBAStore.com, customers of the New York City store are able to browse and purchase from the entire online inventory through in-store handheld devices.
NFL
In March 2016, the NFL and Fanatics agreed to a new long-term extension to operate NFLShop.com. The NFLPA also granted Fanatics the rights for player merchandise. Fanatics will replace Nike as the largest maker and seller of player merchandise starting in March 2017.
NASCAR
In 2015, Fanatics obtained a license from NASCAR to sell the merchandise trackside at all 36 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series races and select NASCAR Xfinity Series races. This contract eliminated car owner and sponsor-owned merchandising haulers, which had previously sold mixed merchandise and limited edition items in favor of a singular "superstore" shopping area with one checkout zone for all merchandise, generally located outside one track entrance. It was initiated in August 2015 at the Pocono Raceway. By 2017 however, the plan was considered a failure due to limited merchandise and poor foot traffic, and it led to a decline in overall at-track merchandise sales. Larger tracks such as Daytona International Speedway utilized the first turn for merchandising, however, the majority of fans did not enter through this area as well as the many fans camping infield. Sponsors were unable to find places for drivers to initiate fan contact as they had previously in merchandise haulers for events such as autograph signings.
Fanatics currently employs a "hybrid" system with a blend of haulers and smaller Fanatics tents (size/space varies per track). This allows Fanatics to reach more fans, especially once inside the gates and has reopened the door for NASCAR and driver sponsor interaction. Fanatics President Ross Tannenbaum indicated, "We've got all this money and all this product invested [in the tent] and it's sitting outside the gates where there is nobody coming [while the race is happening]. All those people are inside and at some point walking around or doing something and there's a very poor product offering. To have the best shopping experience, our goal would be to have a really strong offering of product out front like we have today but do a better job of having destination shopping inside the track." On November 2, 2018, Fanatics announced they would no longer provide the trailers for the series, though Fanatics would continue with online sales until 2024.
NHL
In 2017, when the National Hockey League switched from Reebok to Adidas, Fanatics took over production of the "semi-pro" jersey with the Fanatics label of the "Breakaway jersey." This jersey featured a foldable single layer front crest. Adidas only manufactured the on-ice and retail version of the "pro" jerseys. Fanatics and Adidas also partnered up to make NHL hats in 2017, ending the 20 year New Era contract.
In March 2023, Fanatics announced that they would be replacing Adidas as the on-ice uniform and authentic jersey supplier. The deal is set to start for the 2024–2025 season and will last for 10 years.
Upon completion of the deal between Fanatics and the NHL, negative feedback has been expressed by many fans over perceived quality issues with Fanatics products.
MLB
In December 2015, MLB announced a merchandise deal that split the rights between Fanatics and Nike.
In August 2021, it was announced that Fanatics would take over the MLB baseball cards license from Topps after 2026. With the subsequent purchase of Topps by Fanatics in January 2022, the license began immediately.
MLS
MLS and Fanatics began their partnership in 2017.
Formula 1
In 2020, Fanatics announced a partnership with Formula One for merchandise production and sales. The deal was extended in July 2021 after a surge in e-commerce sales.
NPB
In 2018, Fanatics announced a ten year partnership with the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks of Nippon Professional Baseball for merchandise production and sales through their Majestic Athletic brand, becoming the first team in all of Asia to partner with Fanatics. This also included becoming the official uniform partner of the Hawks through 2029. As of 2023, Fanatics is under partnership with the Chiba Lotte Marines, Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles, Saitama Seibu Lions, Tokyo Yakult Swallows, and Yomiuri Giants.
Other ventures
In January 2015, Fanatics began selling a collection of casual womenswear designed by Ricki Noel Lander called Let Loose By RNL. In October 2019, Fanatics teamed up with sports broadcaster Erin Andrews on a line of clothing.
In 2017, Fanatics signed a manufacturing, design and e-commerce partnership with English association football club Aston Villa, a first for an English club. In 2022, this partnership was extended, after Aston Villa reported they had seen a 450% increase in e-commerce sales under this agreement. In July & August 2021, Fanatics struck a similar deal with Manchester United, Chelsea, Derby County and Everton.
In June 2020, Fanatics announced a ten-year licensing, manufacturing and e-commerce partnership with French soccer club Paris Saint-Germain. There are also partnerships with German clubs Schalke and Bayern Munich, as well as Spanish club Atlético Madrid.
Fanatics have licensing partnerships with the England national football team, the Canada men's national soccer team and the England national rugby union team.
In February 2023, the company announced a move into livestreamed shopping centered around trading cards and collectibles. As part of its efforts, it hired Nick Bell, then of Snap, to lead this new effort. The new business would be called Fanatics Live, and Bell would serve as CEO, with an estimated launch in the second half of the year. There would be a standalone app as well as a website. So-called Fanatics would receive a percentage of each transaction. This move came as livestreamed shopping was growing in popularity in the US, with more established brands like Nordstrom, Petco, and Walmart as well as TikTok and EBay already involved in the space but with more potential to growth, with the vast majority of US adults not having heard of it at the time of the announcement. For Fanatics, it came after the acquisition of Topps trading cards in January 2022.
References
External links
Companies based in Jacksonville, Florida
Retail companies established in 1995
Sporting goods retailers of the United States
Silver Lake (investment firm) companies
Online retailers of the United States
1995 establishments in Florida
Multinational companies based in Jacksonville |
Baghpat Road railway station is a small railway station in Baghpat district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Its code is BPM. It serves Baghpat city. The station consists of two platforms. The platforms are well sheltered. It lacks many facilities including water and sanitation.
Major trains
Some of the important trains that runs from Baghpat Road are:
Saharanpur–Farukhnagar Janta Express
Old Delhi–Haridwar Passenger
Delhi–Saharanpur Passenger
Shamli–Delhi Passenger
References
Railway stations in Baghpat district
Delhi railway division
Bagpat |
The River Eitha () is a small river in Wrexham County Borough, Wales. It is part of the River Dee catchment. Its name was probably derived from the Welsh word eithaf - "extremity", "farthest".
Sir Cyril Fox, in his surveys of Offa's Dyke and Wat's Dyke, identified a section of the Eitha as forming part of the frontier of Mercia in this area.
Course
The river rises, as the Trefechan Brook, high on the Ruabon Moors in the area known as Newtown Mountain, before flowing through a rather steep valley to two reservoirs above Penycae. At this point it is an important feeder for Dee Valley Water, formerly Wrexham Water. At Penycae, it is joined by the Nant y Crogfyn stream, which also flows down from the slopes of Ruabon Mountain. The Eitha's course then runs south-eastwards to Ruabon, where it was formerly used to power several watermills, passing through the centre of the village. From Ruabon the Eitha passes southwards through a deep, wooded valley within the Wynnstay Estate to join the River Dee near Chirk.
References
Eitha
1Eitha |
Aethes rubigana, the burdock conch, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It was described by Treitschke in 1830. It is found in most of Europe, except the Iberian Peninsula and part of the Balkan Peninsula. Outside of Europe, it is found in China (Beijing, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia), Japan and Russia.
The wingspan is . The forewings have a moderately arched costa. They pale ochreous, with several obscure shining whitish striae with a dark brown spot along the base of the costa. There is a narrow dark brown antemedian fascia, angulated above the middle and interrupted below the angle and abruptly dilated on the dorsum . The subterminal fascia is represented by dark brown spots on costa and dorsum, and a very indistinct spot between them. The hindwings are rather dark grey.
Adults are on wing from late June to August in western Europe.
The larvae feed on the seedheads Arctium species (including Arctium lappa and possibly Arctium minus). Full-grown larvae overwinter from October in a cocoon on the ground or occasionally in the seedhead. Pupation takes place within this cocoon.
References
rubigana
Moths described in 1830
Moths of Asia
Moths of Europe
Moths of Japan |
Luis Antonio Robles Suárez (24 October 1849 – 22 September 1899) also known as "El Negro Robles", was a Colombian lawyer and politician. He was the first Afro-Colombian to hold a cabinet-level ministry in Colombia serving as Secretary of the Treasury and Public Credit during the administration of President Aquileo Parra Gómez, as well as being the first Afro-Colombian Congressperson as Member of the Chamber of Representatives for Magdalena, and the first Afro-Colombian Governor of a Department, as the 16th President of the Sovereign State of Magdalena. He graduated a lawyer from Our Lady of the Rosary University in 1872, thus also becoming the first Afro-Colombian to ever serve as a lawyer in Colombia.
Career
Personal life
Born on 24 October 1849 in the hamlet of Camarones in the Municipality of Riohacha, then part of the Riohacha Province, in the Department of Magdalena, New Granada; his parents were Luis Antonio Robles and Manuela Súarez, both black freedpersons of moderate means.
He died on 22 September 1899 of cystitis infection in his longtime residence le Maison Doré in Bogotá at the age of 49, not having married and with no descendants still recovering from the death of his mother earlier that year. His childhood home in Camarones was designated a national monument, and his remains, which had been interred at the Central Cemetery of Bogotá, were transported to be interred at his childhood home which operates as a Cultural House, Library and Training Center.
See also
Paula Marcela Moreno Zapata
References
Further reading
External links
1849 births
1899 deaths
People from La Guajira Department
Del Rosario University alumni
Academic staff of the Free University of Colombia
19th-century Colombian lawyers
Colombian Liberal Party politicians
Members of the Chamber of Representatives of Colombia
Members of the Senate of Colombia
Colombian Secretaries of Treasury and Public Credit
Colombian people of African descent |
Edson Zenteno (born 12 August 1978) is a Bolivian football midfielder.
He is a brother of Edward Zenteno.
References
1978 births
Living people
Footballers from Cochabamba
Bolivian men's footballers
Club Aurora players
The Strongest players
Club Atlético Ciclón players
Club Deportivo Guabirá players
C.A. Nacional Potosí players
C.D. Jorge Wilstermann players
Universitario de Sucre footballers
Bolivian Primera División players
Men's association football midfielders |
Mike Amyx is the incumbent member of the Kansas House of Representatives for the 45th district, which covers Northwestern Douglas County, including western Lawrence. He has served since 2019. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He had previously been the mayor of Lawrence for six terms, 1985–86, 1987–88, 2006–07, 2010–11, 2014–15, and 2015–17. He served a four-year term as a Douglas County Commissioner.
2019-2020 Kansas House committee assignments
Local Government
General Government Budget
Higher Education Budget (2020)
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Democratic Party members of the Kansas House of Representatives
Mayors of places in Kansas
County commissioners in Kansas
21st-century American politicians |
Ghorpuri railway station is located in Indian city of Pune. It serves Ghorpuri (a suburban area of Pune city). Very few trains currently halt here. It is about 3.5 km from Pune Junction. Currently all passenger trains and some express trains have a scheduled halt at Ghorpuri. Just beside the station is located a diesel locomotive maintenance shed housing more than 200 locomotives for Express trains from Pune and goods trains.
References
See also
Pune Suburban Railway
Railway stations in Pune
Defunct railway stations in India |
David F. Denison is a Canadian businessperson and the chair of Hydro One and Hydro One Inc. He is the former president and chief executive officer of the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board.
Biography
Denison earned a bachelor's degree in both mathematics and education from the University of Toronto. He is a Chartered Professional Accountant and a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Ontario.
Denison was the Chair of the Canadian Coalition for Good Governance from June 4, 2009, to June 15, 2011, and a corporate director of since June 23, 2005. He has had an extensive career in financial services within Canada, the United States and Europe, with firms including Fidelity Investments (founded as Fidelity Management and Research Company), Merrill Lynch, S. G. Warburg, Midland Walwyn (bought by Merrill Lynch 2013), and Mercer.
He is the current a director of the United Way of Canada.
In 2014, he was named an Officer of the Order of Canada.
References
Living people
CPP Investment Board people
Canadian chief executives
Canadian chairpersons of corporations
Canadian corporate directors
Nonprofit businesspeople
Merrill (company) people
S. G. Warburg & Co. people
United Ways people
Canadian financiers
Officers of the Order of Canada
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Jacob Christian Hansen-Ellehammer (14 June 1871 – 20 May 1946) was a Danish watchmaker and inventor born in Bakkebølle, Denmark. He is remembered chiefly for his contributions to powered flight.
Career
Following the end of his apprenticeship as a watchmaker, he moved to Copenhagen where he worked as an electronics mechanic before establishing his own company in 1898. In the beginning he produced cigarette machines, beverage machines and other electronic machinery. In 1904 he produced his first motorcycle, the Elleham motorcycle. The Elleham motorcycle is of step-tru type with the engine situated beneath the seating, thus predating the Vespa scooter by 40 years.
In 1903–1904 Jacob Hansen-Ellehammer used his experience constructing motorcycles fitted with single-cylinder Peugeot Frères engines to build the world's first air-cooled radial engine, a three-cylinder engine by utilizing Peugeot Frères cylinders and heads in a home-cast engine block. The initial engine soon proved too weak and homemade cylinders with a larger volume were fitted on an even bigger block which eventually brought him into the air.
The original engine wasn't abandoned but saved for later use, which eventually happened when he had a flirt with helicopters. The helicopter experiments are known and photographically documented, but late in the century a down-scaled model of his helicopter was found deep in storage and it had a relatively small three-cylinder radial engine fitted which is considered being reuse of his original engine, hence the first functioning radial engine still exists and is displayed at the Danish Museum of Science & Technology in Helsingør. The engine is started up on a daily basis.
The know-how from the three-cylinder was used as the basis for a yet more powerful five-cylinder model in 1907. This was installed in his triplane and made a number of short free-flight hops as mentioned below.
In 1905, he constructed a monoplane, and in the following year a "semi-biplane". In this latter machine, he made a tethered flight on 12 June 1906 and became the first ever european to make a flight. Hansen-Ellehammer's later inventions included a successful triplane and helicopter. His helicopter was a coaxial machine. A famous photo shows it hovering in 1914, though there is no evidence that it was successful in achieving horizontal flight. Hansen-Ellehammer later studied a disc-rotor configuration - a compound helicopter with coaxial blades that extended from the hub for hover, and retracted for high speed vertical flight. Although a wind tunnel model was constructed, there's no evidence that anything more was studied.
The initial experiments was done on a circular track attached to a central pole and constructed on a small island quite distant from Copenhagen where he lived by his workshop construction motorcycles and numerous devices. Once experiencing the first short lift offs he found time had come to move flight experiments close to Copenhagen. However, with the workshop not located to the given 'airstrips' used he was forced to incorporate a folding wing for collapsing his second aircraft during transport out of town.
As the first design was quite kite-like with the pilot and engine hanging separately to balance the aircraft, Hansen-Ellehammer invented the UL-type motorised hang glider and the detail of foldable wings was probably decades prior to any other as the contemporary aircraft was rigid boxkite like biplanes.
In 1986, Hansen-Ellehammer was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum.
See also
Early flying machines
References
Sources
The Early Years (Aviation Century), 2003, Ron Dick, Amanda Wright Lane, Dan Patterson, Boston Mills Press,
Wings: A History of Aviation from Kites to the Space Age, 2004, Tom D. Crouch, W. W. Norton & Company,
100 Years of Flight: A Chronology of Aerospace History, 1903-2003 (Library of Flight Series), 2003, Frank H. Winter, F. Robert Van Der Linden, AIAA,
Jeg Flöj (I flew), 1931, Autobiography J.Ellehammer, Copenhagen Drengebladet publishing,
External links
Ellehammer A/S founded by J.C.H. Ellehammer in 1904 - Today producing ejectors and pump systems for the maritime industry
1871 births
1946 deaths
Danish aviators
20th-century Danish inventors
Aviation pioneers
People from Vordingborg Municipality
Burials at Hellerup Cemetery |
Callimetopus shavrini is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Barševskis in 2015.
References
Callimetopus
Beetles described in 2015 |
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Qizhou/Kichow/Qichun (, ) is a diocese located in Qizhou (in modern Hubei) in the Ecclesiastical province of Hankou in China.
History
July 18, 1929: Established as Mission “sui iuris” of Huangzhou 黃州 from the Apostolic Vicariate of Hankou 漢口
June 1, 1932: Promoted as Apostolic Prefecture of Huangzhou 黃州
January 27, 1936: Promoted as Apostolic Vicariate of Qizhou 蘄州
April 11, 1946: Promoted as Diocese of Qizhou 蘄州
Leadership
Bishops of Qizhou 蘄州 (Roman rite)
Bishop Horace Ferruccio Ceól, O.F.M. (June 10, 1948 – June 23, 1990)
Vicars Apostolic of Qizhou 蘄州 (Roman Rite)
Bishop Ruggero Raffaele Cazzanelli, O.F.M. (January 27, 1936 – 1941)
References
GCatholic.org
Catholic Hierarchy
Roman Catholic dioceses in China
Christian organizations established in 1929
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century
Religion in Hubei |
is a former Japanese football player.
Playing career
Kurita was born in Shizuoka Prefecture on March 3, 1975. After graduating from Shizuoka Gakuen High School, he joined Kashima Antlers in 1993. Although he played as defensive midfielder, he could not play many matches behind Yasuto Honda and Jorginho. From 1998, he played for Kyoto Purple Sanga (1998), Consadole Sapporo (1999), Shimizu S-Pulse (2000) and Yokohama FC (2001). In 2002, he moved to Mito HollyHock and played as regular player until 2004. In 2005, his opportunity to play decreased. In 2006, he moved to Japan Football League club FC Ryukyu. He played as regular player until 2007. His opportunity to play decreased in 2008 and he retired end of 2008 season.
Club statistics
References
External links
awx.jp
1975 births
Living people
Association football people from Shizuoka Prefecture
Japanese men's footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Japan Football League players
Kashima Antlers players
Kyoto Sanga FC players
Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo players
Shimizu S-Pulse players
Yokohama FC players
Mito HollyHock players
FC Ryukyu players
Men's association football midfielders |
A back-arc basin is a type of geologic basin, found at some convergent plate boundaries. Presently all back-arc basins are submarine features associated with island arcs and subduction zones, with many found in the western Pacific Ocean. Most of them result from tensional forces, caused by a process known as oceanic trench rollback, where a subduction zone moves towards the subducting plate. Back-arc basins were initially an unexpected phenomenon in plate tectonics, as convergent boundaries were expected to universally be zones of compression. However, in 1970, Dan Karig published a model of back-arc basins consistent with plate tectonics.
Structural characteristics
Back-arc basins are typically very long and relatively narrow, often thousands of kilometers long while only being a few hundred kilometers wide at most. For back-arc extension to form, a subduction zone is required, but not all subduction zones have a back-arc extension feature. Back-arc basins are found in areas where the subducting plate of oceanic crust is very old. The restricted width of back-arc basins is due to magmatic activity being reliant on water and induced mantle convection, limiting their formation to along subduction zones. Spreading rates vary from only a few centimeters per year (as in the Mariana Trough), to 15 cm/year in the Lau Basin. Spreading ridges within the basins erupt basalts that are similar to those erupted from the mid-ocean ridges; the main difference being back-arc basin basalts are often very rich in magmatic water (typically 1–1.5 weight % H2O), whereas mid-ocean ridge basalt magmas are very dry (typically <0.3 weight % H2O). The high water contents of back-arc basin basalt magmas is derived from water carried down the subduction zone and released into the overlying mantle wedge. Additional sources of water could be the eclogitization of amphiboles and micas in the subducting slab. Similar to mid-ocean ridges, back-arc basins have hydrothermal vents and associated chemosynthetic communities.
Seafloor spreading
Evidence of seafloor spreading has been seen in cores of the basin floor. The thickness of sediment that collected in the basin decreased toward the center of the basin, indicating a younger surface. The idea that thickness and age of sediment on the sea floor is related to the age of the oceanic crust was proposed by Harry Hess. Magnetic anomalies of the crust that had formed in back-arc basins deviated in form from the crust formed at mid-ocean ridges. In many areas the anomalies do not appear parallel, as well as the profiles of the magnetic anomalies in the basin lacking symmetry or a central anomaly as a traditional ocean basin does, indicating asymmetric seafloor spreading.
This has prompted some to characterize the spreading in back-arc basins to be more diffused and less uniform than at mid-ocean ridges. The idea that back-arc basin spreading is inherently different from mid-ocean ridge spreading is controversial and has been debated through the years. Another argument put forward is that the process of seafloor spreading is the same in both cases, but the movement of seafloor spreading centers in the basin causes the asymmetry in the magnetic anomalies. This process can be seen in the Lau back-arc basin. Though the magnetic anomalies are more complex to decipher, the rocks sampled from back-arc basin spreading centers do not differ very much from those at mid-ocean ridges. In contrast, the volcanic rocks of the nearby island arc differ significantly from those in the basin.
Back-arc basins are different from normal mid-ocean ridges because they are characterized by asymmetric seafloor spreading, but this is quite variable even within single basins. For example, in the central Mariana Trough, current spreading rates are 2–3 times greater on the western flank, whereas at the southern end of the Mariana Trough the position of the spreading center adjacent to the volcanic front suggests that overall crustal accretion has been nearly entirely asymmetric there. This situation is mirrored to the north where a large spreading asymmetry is also developed.
Other back-arc basins such as the Lau Basin have undergone large rift jumps and propagation events (sudden changes in relative rift motion) that have transferred spreading centers from arc-distal to more arc-proximal positions. Conversely, study of recent spreading rates appear to be relatively symmetric with perhaps small rift jumps. The cause of asymmetric spreading in back-arc basins remains poorly understood. General ideas invoke asymmetries relative to the spreading axis in arc melt generation processes and heat flow, hydration gradients with distance from the slab, mantle wedge effects, and evolution from rifting to spreading.
Formation and tectonics
The extension of the crust behind volcanic arcs is believed to be caused by processes in association with subduction. As the subducting plate descends into the asthenosphere it sheds water, causing mantle melting, volcanism, and the formation of island arcs. Another result of this is a convection cell is formed. The rising magma and heat along with the outwards tension in the crust in contact with the convection cell cause a region of melt to form, resulting in a rift. This process drives the island arc toward the subduction zone and the rest of the plate away from the subduction zone. The backward motion of the subduction zone relative to the motion of the plate which is being subducted is called trench rollback (also known as hinge rollback or hinge retreat). As the subduction zone and its associated trench pull backward, the overriding plate is stretched, thinning the crust and forming a back-arc basin. In some cases, extension is triggered by the entrance of a buoyant feature in the subduction zone, which locally slows down subduction and induces the subducting plate to rotate adjacent to it. This rotation is associated with trench retreat and overriding plate extension.
The age of the subducting crust needed to establish back-arc spreading has been found to be 55 million years old or older. This is why back-arc spreading centers appear concentrated in the western Pacific. The dip angle of the subducting slab may also be significant, as is shown to be greater than 30° in areas of back-arc spreading; this is most likely because as oceanic crust gets older it becomes denser, resulting in a steeper angle of descent.
The thinning of the overriding plate from back-arc rifting can lead to the formation of new oceanic crust (i.e., back-arc spreading). As the lithosphere stretches, the asthenosphere below rises to shallow depths and partially melts as a result of adiabatic decompression melting. As this melt nears the surface, spreading begins.
Sedimentation
Sedimentation is strongly asymmetric, with most of the sediment supplied from the active volcanic arc which regresses in step with the rollback of the trench. From cores collected during the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) nine sediment types were found in the back-arc basins of the western Pacific. Debris flows of thick to medium bedded massive conglomerates account for 1.2% of sediments collected by the DSDP. The average size of the sediments in the conglomerates are pebble sized but can range from granules to cobbles. Accessory materials include limestone fragments, chert, shallow water fossils and sandstone clasts.
Submarine fan systems of interbedded turbidite sandstone and mudstone made up 20% of the total thickness of sediment recovered by the DSDP. The fans can be divided into two sub-systems based on the differences in lithology, texture, sedimentary structures, and bedding style. These systems are inner and midfan subsystem and the outer fan subsystem. The inner and midfan system contains interbedded thin to medium bedded sandstones and mudstones. Structures that are found in these sandstones include load clasts, micro-faults, slump folds, convolute laminations, dewatering structures, graded bedding, and gradational tops of sandstone beds. Partial Bouma sequences can be found within the subsystem. The outer fan subsystem generally consists of finer sediments when compared to the inner and midfan system. Well sorted volcanoclastic sandstones, siltstones and mudstones are found in this system. Sedimentary structures found in this system include parallel laminae, micro-cross laminae, and graded bedding. Partial Bouma sequences can be identified in this subsystem.
Pelagic clays containing iron-manganese micronodules, quartz, plagioclase, orthoclase, magnetite, volcanic glass, montmorillonite, illite, smectite, foraminiferal remains, diatoms, and sponge spicules made up the uppermost stratigraphic section at each site it was found. This sediment type consisted of 4.2% of the total thickness of sediment recovered by the DSDP.
Biogenic pelagic silica sediments consist of radiolarian, diatomaceous, silicoflagellate oozes, and chert. It makes up 4.3% of the sediment thickness recovered. Biogenic pelagic carbonates is the most common sediment type recovered from the back-arc basins of the western Pacific. This sediment type made up 23.8% of the total thickness of sediment recovered by the DSDP. The pelagic carbonates consist of ooze, chalk, and limestone. Nanofossils and foraminifera make up the majority of the sediment. Resedimented carbonates made up 9.5% of the total thickness of sediment recovered by the DSDP. This sediment type had the same composition as the biogenic pelagic carbonated, but it had been reworked with well-developed sedimentary structures. Pyroclastics consisting of volcanic ash, tuff and a host of other constituents including nanofossils, pyrite, quartz, plant debris, and glass made up 9.5% of the sediment recovered. These volcanic sediments were sourced form the regional tectonic controlled volcanism and the nearby island arc sources.
Locations
Active back-arc basins are found in the Marianas, Kermadec-Tonga, South Scotia, Manus, North Fiji, and Tyrrhenian Sea regions, but most are found in the western Pacific. Not all subduction zones have back-arc basins, some like the central Andes are associated with rear-arc compression.
There are a number of extinct or fossil back-arc basins, such as the Parece Vela-Shikoku Basin, Sea of Japan, and Kurile Basin. Compressional back-arc basins are found, for example, in the Pyrenees and the Swiss Alps.
History of thought
With the development of plate tectonic theory, geologists thought that convergent plate margins were zones of compression, thus zones of strong extension above subduction zones (back-arc basins) were not expected. The hypothesis that some convergent plate margins were actively spreading was developed by Dan Karig in 1970, while a graduate student at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. This was the result of several marine geologic expeditions to the western Pacific.
See also
Back-arc region
Forearc basin
Intra-arc basin
Notes
References
Taylor, Brian. (1995). Backarc Basins: Tectonics and Magmatism. New York: Plenum Press. ; OCLC 32464941
Hess, Henry H. (1962). "History of Ocean Basins". Petrological Studies: A volume to honor A .F. Buddington. 599–620
External links
Animation of subduction, trench rollback and back-arc basin expansion in EGU GIFT2017: Shaping the Mediterranean from the inside out, YouTube.
Marine geology
Plate tectonics
Sedimentology |
```xml
/*
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
// TypeScript Version: 4.1
/**
* Returns the standard deviation for a Gumbel distribution with location `mu` and scale `beta`.
*
* ## Notes
*
* - If provided `beta <= 0`, the function returns `NaN`.
*
* @param mu - location parameter
* @param beta - scale parameter
* @returns standard deviation
*
* @example
* var y = stdev( 0.0, 1.0 );
* // returns ~1.283
*
* @example
* var y = stdev( 5.0, 2.0 );
* // returns ~2.565
*
* @example
* var y = stdev( NaN, 1.0 );
* // returns NaN
*
* @example
* var y = stdev( 0.0, NaN );
* // returns NaN
*
* @example
* var y = stdev( 0.0, 0.0 );
* // returns NaN
*/
declare function stdev( mu: number, beta: number ): number;
// EXPORTS //
export = stdev;
``` |
Mycena lacrimans is a species of agaric fungus in the family Mycenaceae. Found in South America, the fruit bodies of the fungus are bioluminescent.
See also
List of bioluminescent fungi
References
lacrimans
Bioluminescent fungi
Fungi described in 1989
Fungi of South America
Taxa named by Rolf Singer |
Çovdar (also, Chovdar, earlier Hartshangist (from )) is a village and municipality in the Dashkasan Rayon of Azerbaijan.
It has a population of 65. The municipality consists of the villages of Çovdar and Çaykənd.
References
Populated places in Dashkasan District |
Donald Ray Howard (November 27, 1933 – February 5, 2013) was an American educator and author. With his wife Esther, he co-founded Accelerated Christian Education, a fundamentalist Christian school model and curriculum.
Background
Howard was born in Topeka, Kansas, to LaVerne Glenn Howard and Mildred Norrean (née Mellinger) Howard. He graduated from Topeka High School in 1951. He graduated from Washburn University, then served in the U.S. Marine Corps. Howard studied at Talbot Theological Seminary and earned his M.Th. and his Ph.D. (in 1968) from Bob Jones University. His dissertation was entitled “An Investigation of the Secular School Relative to the Needs of the Christian Community.”
Howard married Esther Hilte in 1956. They had five children: Melody, Harmony, Donald, Daniel, and Duane.
Educational career
Howard founded Calvary College, a Christian institution, in Letcher, Kentucky, in 1966. He also founded the School of Reform.
Accelerated Christian Education
Howard's most significant contribution to education was the formation of Accelerated Christian Education (A.C.E.) with his wife Esther. The Howards opened their first A.C.E. school in Garland, Texas, in 1970. At A.C.E.’s peak in the 1980s, approximately 8,000 schools used the curriculum.
Howard opposed the U.S. public school system, denouncing it for teaching “humanism” instead of Christian Americanism. According to him, “to avoid political, social, and economic disaster, there must be a Christian curriculum which ‘establishes the presuppositions of fundamentalism in the mind, heart, and life of a new generation within the sphere of academic education.’”
Howard's identification as a fundamentalist Christian influenced his approach to education. “Fundamentalism teaches that man is by nature sinful, that he is born a lost sinner, that men who are lost go to a literal burning hell, that men can be saved by grace through faith … and then man saved can go to heaven,” he wrote. “That is fundamentalism. I am a fundamentalist. If I can be any more fundamental than fundamental, that is what I want to be.”
Separation from A.C.E.
As early as 1984, Howard was accused of engaging in extramarital affairs. At the time, fellow fundamentalist minister Jerry Falwell said, “For the sake of the cause of Christian education, Mr. Howard should divest himself of ACE, and get out of the business of teaching children.” Donald and Esther divorced in 1997, and Esther assumed control of A.C.E. in 1998. Howard married Jo Ann Hazzard in 1997; they remained married until his death in 2013.
Political Views
Howard called AIDS a God-sent plague meant “to punish gay people and other idol worshippers,” including “feminists, prochoice, and Planned Parenthood advocates.”
Bibliography
To Save a Nation (1976)
Rebirth of Our Nation (1979)
World Awakening (1987)
Teen Turmoil (1988)
Crisis in Education: Public Education a Disaster … But There’s New Hope for Parents (1990)
References
1933 births
2013 deaths
Writers from Topeka, Kansas
Washburn University alumni
Talbot School of Theology alumni
Bob Jones University alumni
United States Marines
Christian fundamentalists
Founders of American schools and colleges
20th-century American educators |
Gabriela Dabrowski and Luisa Stefani defeated Anna Blinkova and Natela Dzalamidze in the final, 6–1, 6–2 to win the doubles tennis title at the 2022 WTA Indian Open.
Peng Shuai and Sun Tiantian were the champions from when the event was last held in 2008 in Bangalore, but they have since retired from professional tennis.
Seeds
Draw
Draw
References
External links
Main draw
Chennai Open - Doubles |
Carlo Falconi (1622 – January 1677) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Castellaneta (1673–1677).
Biography
Carlo Falconi was born in Civitate Ducali, Italy in 1622 and ordained a priest on 11 March 1673.
On 13 March 1673, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Clement X as Bishop of Castellaneta.
He served as Bishop of Castellaneta until his death in January 1677.
References
External links and additional sources
(for Chronology of Bishops)
(for Chronology of Bishops)
17th-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops
Bishops appointed by Pope Clement X
1622 births
1677 deaths |
Main lesson or main lesson block refers to a subject lesson or topic that is taught more intensely for a period of several (often three or four) weeks. The main lesson period is usually the first period of the day and typically lasts 100 to 120 minutes.
The topic of the main lesson is taught daily during that period but can connect different subjects if the topic allows for exploration from the perspectives of different subjects.
The concept is primarily used in Waldorf pedagogy.
See also
Curriculum of the Waldorf schools
Teaching |
Ulan-Ude railway station is the primary passenger railway station for the city of Ulan-Ude in the Republic of Buryatia in Russia, and an important stop along the Trans-Siberian Railway and Trans-Mongolian Railway.
Trains
Major Domestic Routes
Moscow — Vladivostok
Novosibirsk — Vladivostok
Moscow — Khabarovsk
Novosibirsk — Neryungri
Moscow — Ulan Ude
Adler — Chita
International
References
Railway stations in Buryatia
Trans-Siberian Railway
Railway stations in the Russian Empire opened in 1900
Ulan-Ude |
Auqaf and Religious Affairs Department is a department of Government of Punjab, Pakistan.
Auqaf & Religious Department is headed by the Secretary Auqaf & Religious Affairs who is assisted by the Additional Secretary and the Deputy Secretary. The department is governed under Punjab Waqf Properties Ordinance, 1979.. The current minister for Religious Affairs and Auqaf is Peer Syed Saeed ul Hassan Shah since 13 September 2018.
Organization
The Department Organization comprises the following six Directorates:
Directorate of Administration
Directorate of Estate
Directorate of Finance
Directorate of Religious Affairs
Directorate of Projects
Directorate of Health Services
Functions
Functions of department include:
Administration of the Punjab Waqf Properties
Mosques, shrines and other religious institutions under the control of the Chief Administrator of Auqaf, Punjab, except Historical monuments
Management of and repairs of Badshahi Mosque, Lahore
Hajj Affairs coordination with the Federal Govt
Welfare services
Auqaf Department maintains 1 Hospital and 14 dispensaries in the Punjab.
See also
Ministry of Religious Affairs
Minority Affairs Department, Sindh
Islam in Pakistan
External links
Auqaf and Religious Affairs Department
References
Islam in Pakistan
Departments of Government of Punjab, Pakistan |
The VR Class Tr1 is a class of heavy freight locomotive built in Finland and Germany. Before 1942 VR Class Tr1s originally had the class name R1. They were nicknamed “Risto”,
after the Finnish President Risto Ryti. They were numbered 1030–1096.
67 locomotives were built between 1940–57 by Tampella, Lokomo and Arnold Jung Lokomotivfabrik GmbH, Jungenthal of Germany. The "Risto" is a product of the same era as the express train locomotive Ukko-Pekka (Hr1), and they share a similar appearance as well as several common components. Because of their high tractive effort the Tr1 locomotives were also called upon for passenger service of a heavy intermediate character. Tr1 1096 was the last steam locomotive manufactured for VR in 1957. Tr1 locomotives were withdrawn during the 1970s, with the last being withdrawn in 1975.
Two Tr1 locomotives are located in the United Kingdom. One is owned by millionaire railway enthusiast David Buck, while another lies abandoned in a secluded forest in Acton, Suffolk.
See also
Finnish Railway Museum
History of rail transport in Finland
Jokioinen Museum Railway
List of Finnish locomotives
VR Class Pr1
VR Class Hr1
VR Class Tk3
VR Group
References
Finnish Railway Museum Official website
Finnish website with locomotive technical data
Footnotes
Tr1
Tr1
Railway locomotives introduced in 1940
2-8-2 locomotives
5 ft gauge locomotives |
Deidre Freeman (born August 26, 1988) is an American diver. The daughter of Will Freeman, a pole-vaulter, Freeman was born in Grinnell, Iowa, and began diving when she was 14. At high school she was a state runner-up as a senior, and placed fourth as a junior. She was a three-time conference champion, All-State, All-District, All-Conference, and team MVP, setting Grinnell High School's 6-dive record and ranking third in Iowa high school history for an 11-dive score. Having studied at the University of Iowa, where she was a two-time All-American performer, The 2013 U.S. national champion on the 3m board, Freeman earned her place in the World Diving Championships by taking second place on 1 Meter and first place on 3 Meter at the 2013 USA Diving World Championships Trials,.
She has competed in 9 US national events and participated in the 2012 US Olympic Trials, taking 4th in the synchronized event and 18th in the 3-meter event. The same year, she was the United States' synchronized representative at the Canada Cup. She currently coaches at Grinnell College.
References
American female divers
Living people
1988 births
Grinnell Pioneers
Sportspeople from Iowa
University of Iowa alumni
Pan American Games medalists in diving
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States
Divers at the 2015 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2015 Pan American Games
21st-century American women |
Hoeven is a village in the municipality of Halderberge in the Netherlands. The name Hoeven originated from the purchase of a certain amount of ground in 1282 by the abbey of Cistercians of St. Bernard. This amount was equal to 100 "hoeven", a local measure of area in those days. A hoeve is approximately 12 bunder. A "bunder" equals the area of the average agricultural farm in the Netherlands.
Municipality of Hoeven
Hoeven was a separate municipality until 1997 including the three villages of Bosschenhoofd, Hoeven and Kruisstraat. In 1997 the municipality of Hoeven became a part of Halderberge.
Different names
Though the village officially is named Hoeven, most civilians use and pronounce it as "Oeve" or "d'Oeve" as 'Hoeven' is pronounced in the local dialect, Brabants. Remarkable in the southern parts of the Netherlands, where they officially celebrate carnival, is that during this period all places change names during this seven-day celebration. In case of Hoeven it is known in this period as "Peejenland" which means "Land of the Carrots". Before the name may be changed the Mayor must hand the key of the village to the Prince of Carnival ("Prins Carnaval") and this way he gives the Prince the leadership of the village. At the end of Carnaval the Princess gives the key back to the Mayor and the village welcomes boards change back to the original.
Flag
The official flag of Hoeven is composed of two color in a diagonal line from left under to right above. Remarkable point is that the border line between those points isn't straight but wave-shaped which is a rare sight in this area. The lowest part of the flag is yellow while the highest part is blue. In this blue part appears a yellow castle tower which could come from a castle that was located in the center of Hoeven in history. Recently at construction works at the old Mayorhouse there were ruins and graves discover of an unknown centuries old large building with towers. The construction works are delayed for historical research on the ruin. The shape of the castle in the flag of Hoeven also comes back in the flag of the municipal "Halderberge".
Symbol
The symbol of Hoeven is "de Peejenzaaier" (the carrotsower). Which is pictured as a bronze statue at the main square in the center of the village.
Location
Hoeven is situated between the bigger cities of Roosendaal and Breda, near the smaller city Etten-Leur. The center street of Hoeven is built on a small hill called the "Halderberg". Which is remarkable since the rest of the areas landscape is extremely flat. To the north Hoeven finds a natural border with the river "De Mark", which is also the border of the municipality with Zevenbergen. The village of Hoeven has a surface of 24,82 km2 and in 2007 counted 6,560 civilians.
Hoeven also contains two pieces of polder:
The biggest polder is the "Hoevense Beemde" which was founded at 12 June 1409 when the abbot of "Sint Bernardus" offered a large piece of land to the public. A big percentage of this area was sold to people from Moerdijk who used the land to win peat. This caused much danger for floods because the river "De Mark" was nearby, so the area of the "Hoevense Beemden" was protected by building dykes around it.
The "Sint Maartenspolder" was a piece of land that was owned by the abbot of "Sint Bernardus" which released this piece of land that had been slibt over the years 8 October 1483. It was named after the patron saint "Sint Maarten".
Sights
Great seminar Bovendonk
The great seminar Bovendonk is located in the center of Hoeven. In the year 1282 the abbey "Sint Bernardus" in Antwerp (Modern day Belgium) founded a new "garden" in Hoeven. In 1570 this garden became the property of the Bishop of Antwerp. In 1646 it lost his function as a Catholic church and it became Protestant and the first Pastor arrived. 1871 the great seminar of Breda moved from location to Hoeven and the great seminar Bovendonk was born. Because all the ground of the seminar was still property of the Dutch government, the seminar bought the complete amount of ground in 1892 for 14000 Guilder. Three years later the famous designer Petrus J.H. Cuypers designed a complete new seminar for this location and in 1907 the new seminar in neogotic style appeared. Due to the low amount of notifications for the Paster study the great seminar Bovendonk was abandoned in 1967 and left like this for the next 11 years. In 1990 first progress was made to commercialise the great seminar Bovendonk. In 2007 the 100th birthday of the great seminar was celebrated. These days it is in use as a conference center, hotel, exhibition and event center.
Sint Jan de Bapist
The church "Sint Jan de Bapist" from 1929, designed by J.H. Berben in expressionistic style.
Splesj
Recreationpark Splesj; formerly known as "Bosbad Hoeven". A park that is mainly focused at water and swimming. The park also contains a large campsite and multiple rentable vacation houses.
De Toekomst
Windmill De Toekomst (The Future). A "Beltmill"-type cornmill from 1862 with a reach of 26 meters.
De Keien Pomp
"De Keien Pomp" (The pebbles pump). An old water pump which provided the village from water in the century's it wasn't connected to the modern waternet.
WWII Monument
The World War II monument with all the names of lost citizens during the war located at long the toward the great seminar "Bovendonk".
Events
Carnaval
As in all towns in the two southern provinces of the Netherlands carnival is also celebrated in Hoeven. Remarkable is that every town has its own rituals and happenings during this seven-day celebration. Very special is that Hoeven is the only village in the Netherlands that has a (legal) private radio station named Radio Peejenland during these 7 days.
Carnavalsparade
Every year at the last Tuesday of carnival there is a carnivals parade in Hoeven. Though this is a well-known phenomenon, the parade of Hoeven highly ranked in the area because there are very strict rules for the competitors which leads to very high quality of the creations. So there is mainly paper used instead of polyester, which is mostly used in other areas.
Trekkertrek
Trekkertrek, which means "tractor pulling", is a sport where a tractor needs to pull a trailer which is becoming more and more heavy by the time the trucks gets further. These days many of these tractors are powered by engines from heavy machinery or even fighterjet engines.
Fietsvierdaagse and Wandelvierdaagse
Two four-day tournaments where competitives need to walk or cycle a certain distance in four days in different categories. In the case of the cycling event (Fietsvierdaagse), people can choose from a distance of 25, 40, 60 or 100 kilometre per day. In the case of the walking event (Wandelvierdaagse) you can choose between 5, 10 or 15 kilometre distance per day. Once a competitive has managed to drive or walk the same distance for four days in a row they earn a medal.
Muziekweekend
A music event that is held once or twice a year, organised by the local music organisation "Sint Cecilea". At this event there are always 3 days organised with different international, national and regional music.
Sint Maarten
During this celebration that is only celebrated in a few random areas of the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxemburg and the North of France, there is always a fireworks show at the recreationpark "Splesj!".
Kermis
During the pinkster period there is a yearly Kermis (fair) held at the center of Hoeven.
Koninginnedag
At Koninginnedag (Queensday) there is a national celebration of the birthday of the Queen (actually, it is the birthday of the mother of the queen). This means there is a parade through the village with a lot of orange colored vehicles. Orange being the national color of the Netherlands. Also there are multiple music and sport activities planned around the general celebration.
Famous citizens born in Hoeven
Janus Hellemons (1912–1999), professional cyclist
Gallery
References
Municipalities of the Netherlands disestablished in 1997
Populated places in North Brabant
Former municipalities of North Brabant
Halderberge |
Choe Hang may refer to:
Choe Hang (military official)
Choe Hang (Goryeo civil minister)
Choe Hang (Joseon civil minister) |
"That's All She Wrote" is a 2011 song by rapper T.I.
That's All She Wrote may also refer to:
Music
Ernest Tubb recorded a song titled “That's All She Wrote” (sheet music published in 1942)
"That's All She Wrote" (Jerry Fuller song), 1964; recorded by:
Johnny Cash, on the album Thanks a Lot, 1964
Johnny Mathis, on the album Feelings, 1975
Ray Price, see Ray Price discography, 1976
A song on the B-side of "Boogie Grass Band" by Conway Twitty, 1974
A song on the B-side of "Tie Your Dream to Mine" by Marty Robbins, 1982
A song by Reba McEntire from the album Rumor Has It, 1990
A song by Ricky Nelson, 1963
A song by German jazz saxophonist Ingrid Laubrock on the album Roulette of the Cradle
Other uses
"That's All She Wrote", a 2001 exhibition by Colette Justine
See also
All She Wrote (disambiguation) |
Claude Geffré (23 January 1926 – 9 February 2017) was a French Roman Catholic theologian. He became a Professor of Theology at the Institut Catholique de Paris in 1965, and he was the director of the École Biblique in Jerusalem from 1996 to 1999. He was an expert on Biblical hermeneutics and pluralism, and the author of several books.
Early life
Claude Geffré was born on 23 January 1926 in Niort, Western France. He earned a doctorate in theology from the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas.
Career
Geffré started his teaching career at Saulchoir. In 1965, he became a professor of theology at the Institut Catholique de Paris. He served as the director of the École Biblique in Jerusalem from 1996 to 1999.
Geffré was an expert in Biblical hermeneutics and pluralism. In 1977, he was the co-founder of the Groupe de recherches islamo-chrétien (GRIC), a research centre for Christian-Muslim Studies. He was the author of several books about Christianity. Some of his books, like Le christianisme comme religion de l'Evangile, were dismissed as "relativistic" by some critics.
Geffré became a Knight of the Legion of Honour in 1998.
Death
Geffré died on 9 February 2017 in Paris, at the age of 91. His funeral will be held at the Couvent des Jacobins de la rue Saint-Jacques on 13 February 2017 and he will be buried in Étiolles, Essonne, France.
Works
References
1926 births
2017 deaths
People from Niort
Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas alumni
French Roman Catholic writers
Academic staff of the Institut Catholique de Paris
French Dominicans
Knights of the Ordre national du Mérite
Knights of the Legion of Honour |
Christopher Paul Stelling (born February 19, 1982) is a singer-songwriter and guitarist currently based in Asheville, North Carolina. Stelling was born in Daytona Beach, Florida, and has also resided in Colorado, Washington, Massachusetts, and North Carolina. He has released five official albums: Songs of Praise and Scorn (2012), False Cities (2013), Labor Against Waste (2015), Itinerant Arias (2017) and Best of Luck (2020). He has extensively toured the United States and Europe. including performances at the Newport Folk Festival (2015, 2017). Christopher Paul Stelling has been featured on the NPR Music series Tiny Desk Concert and All Songs Considered.
Songs of Praise and Scorn (2011–2012)
Stelling's official debut album was self released on February 21, 2012. Songs of Praise and Scorn was recorded with friends over a 5-day period in August 2011 in a 200-year-old, actively working funeral home in Kentucky. Fifteen songs were recorded, but only 10 made the cut for the actual album. The album was met with very favorable reviews, prompting The Village Voice to say, "Every song on his debut album Songs of Praise and Scorn cooks with both down-home comfort and avant-garde brio, Stelling building earthy folk troubadour stories over a fluster of wild arpeggios." American Songwriter noted, "Stelling is an artist who can leave one shaking one's head in bewilderment over how somebody can play difficult guitar parts and sing a completely disparate melody line at the same time. But he also hasn't forgotten how to just play simple chords when that's what a song calls for."
False Cities (2013)
Stelling's second album, False Cities, was released on May 21, 2013 immediately following his first European tour. Rick Moore of Music News Nashville said of the album, "...he [Stelling] is among the best of the current crop of troubadours who are eking out a living by playing house concerts and driving to shows in cars held together with paper clips. His fingerpicking ability is a great asset, but he writes and sings with a drive and determination that a lot of his peers lack...Stelling is on top of his game when it comes to writing songs that will translate to the stage as he travels the country to deliver them." For UK/US music Web site There Goes the Fear, Carrie Clancy wrote, "Despite the obvious comparisons to more mainstream folk artists, the musical range of 'False Cities', especially Stelling's powerful vocal delivery, makes a unique impression. His fire-and-brimstone lyrics are by turns concretely narrative and vaguely evocative, depending on the tone and focus of the song. As a songwriter, Stelling handles his subject matter quite deftly." Chris Martins of SPIN magazine said of the album, "The finger-picking force sings his own quavering brand of hellfire ("The Waiting Swamp") and hope ("You Can Make It") across these 10 songs, which whip the listener back and forth like a steam-powered hayride."
Labor Against Waste (2015)
The full length Anti- debut from the traveling singer-songwriter and finger-picker was heralded in the press, No Depression writing of Stelling,"The energy that this man is able to unleash through his songs and performances is unprecedented. The power and talent he beholds is a rare and beautiful thing” and Rolling Stone proclaiming, ”The record delights at the threshold of polished folk-pop and rustic old folk; and he seems bound to make converts on both sides of that divide.”
Labor Against Waste offered a powerful merging of artistic authenticity, devotion to craft and that most elusive of qualities, something to say. Stelling spent the previous years on the move with his battered guitar, performing to people as he found them, in bars, informal get-togethers, festivals and packed theaters. Along the way he forged friendships, converted fans and accumulated experiences and insights which skillfully documented his impassioned debut album. Recalling the most impactful troubadours of past eras, from bluesmen to protest singers, outlaw country singers and the classic singer-songwriters of the seventies, Labor Against Waste delivered a topical and potent mix of social commentary, graphic imagery and exhilarating musicianship.
Acclaim for Labor Against Waste:
“It's really hard to be a singer and a guitarist and make a mark - this guy does it though. He's a great finger picker, a strong songwriter, listen to his words - you'll love what you hear.” - NPR Music
“Christopher Paul Stelling is not just an incredible guitarist — one who is capable of filling a room with only his dexterous fingerpicking, voice, and stomp of his foot - but he’s also an excellent songwriter.” - Acoustic Guitar
“Call him a punk rock Leadbelly...he's a dynamo.” “No Waste in this direct, affecting music.” - Big Takeover
“He wowed the crowd with virtuosic prowess on a guitar that can only be described as ‘weathered’. The puncture wounds, gashes, and engravings on his instrument matched the gnarled, raw vocals of his performance." - Paste Magazine
“It's one thing to give in to the hypnosis induced by Stelling's fluttering finger-picking on the studio track, but to catch him live is to see Stelling at his prime, all hoarse inflections, pensive delivery, and a pristine, total package of a one-man musical outfit that recalls the intensity of The Tallest Man on Earth and labelmate Glen Hansard.” - Village Voice
“There's something very special about Christopher Paul Stelling's music. It's not hidden, it's there for anyone and everyone to hear, his raw, rich voice; his real-life lyrics; his intraciate and complex finger-picking musical style. Stelling's appreciation and passion for music has been with him his entire life and they are on full display throughout his new record, Labor Against Waste.” - Diffuser.fm
“It's there in his lyrics - rugged yet poetic, blunt yet warmly inviting - and it's there in his hell for leather delivery. Stripping his music down, the American artist absorbs aspects of country blues, of soul, country and gospel - It's a heady brew and it's one you'd better get used to.” - Clash Music
Itinerant Arias (2017)
After three albums of intimate acoustic tracks, Itinerant Arias found Christopher Paul Stelling accompanied by a full band for a first time. This sonic shift away from traditional folk accentuated Stelling’s poignant lyrics, and provided increased depth to his impassioned vocals.
In a glowing review, PopMatters wrote of Itinerant Arias, “over the course of four albums, Stelling has continued to refine that sound to his growing vision of our complex world. With Itinerant Arias he takes a bold and successful step forward as a bandleader and master chronicler of our times.” Of the album title, Stelling explained he settled on Itinerant Arias because “these songs have in common no single origin, or sense of place. like found objects, overheard stories, lost melodies... with no real home, but from a single voice.” Itinerant Arias was released on May 5, 2017, on Anti- records. To mark the album’s release, Christopher Paul Stelling provided a track-by-track breakdown of Itinerant Arias for NPR’s All Songs Considered.
Best of Luck (2020)
Christopher Paul Stelling’s fifth album, Best of Luck, was released on February 13, 2020, on Anti- records. In 2016 a musical relationship was forged between Stelling and Ben Harper when Harper invited him to open at a series of well-known venues, including the Beacon Theatre, the Ryman Auditorium, Massey Hall. “He took me to all these legendary rooms. Just to see that what I could do would translate in spaces like that was revelatory,” said Stelling. Harper says he instantly recognized a kindred spirit in Stelling’s virtuosic finger picking and soulful delivery, and soon signed on to produce Best of Luck. Ben Harper recruited an all-star rhythm section for the recording sessions, including drummer Jimmy Paxson (Stevie Nicks, Dixie Chicks) and bassist Mike Valerio (Randy Newman, LA Philharmonic) to lend a versatility and finesse to Stelling’s soulful guitar playing. “I really believe this record is the intersection where folk and soul meet,” said Harper. Best of Luck debuted at #48 on the Americana Album Chart. Following the release of Best of Luck, Stelling embarked on an extensive tour of North America and Europe.
References
1982 births
Living people
American male singer-songwriters
Singer-songwriters from Florida
21st-century American singer-songwriters
21st-century American male singers
Anti- (record label) artists |
John Shannon Saul (May 4, 1938 – September 23, 2023) was a Canadian political economist and activist. His work focused on the liberation struggles of southern Africa from the 1960s to the 2020s.
Professional activities
Saul was professor emeritus of politics at York University in Toronto. He has also taught at the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania, alongside activist-academics such as Giovanni Arrighi (with whom he wrote Essays on the Political Economy of Africa) and Walter Rodney; at the University of Eduardo Mondlane in Maputo, Mozambique, alongside activist-academics such as Ruth First; and at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg in South Africa.
From the 1970s to the 1990s, Saul was involved with the Toronto Committee for the Liberation of Portugal's African Colonies (TCLPAC), later the Toronto Committee for the Liberation of Southern Africa (TCLSAC), which coordinated the liberation support/anti-apartheid movement in Toronto. He was also an editor of both the Canadian progressive magazine This Magazine (1973–1985) and Southern Africa Report (1985–2000).
Commentary
Saul was a socialist, and was considered to be an activist-academic in the broader Marxist tradition. As Leo Panitch, long-time editor of the prestigious Socialist Register, wrote: Based on his almost half-century of immense political and intellectual contributions to African liberation struggles, John Saul shows [in his recent writings] that he is one of the few today who has the courage as well as the credentials to pose the sober question of "what did 'liberation' mean anyway"? What is more Saul also shows that he is one of the few with the confidence as well as the capacity to answer the question by drawing inspirational and strategic socialist and revolutionary conclusions.
The well-known author (and for many years co-editor with Panitch of Socialist Register) Colin Leys adds: "John Saul's reflections on the struggles for liberation to which he had devoted a lifetime of scholarship and activism...the wise lessons he draws, and his resolute refusal to be pessimistic in spite of all setbacks...should be not just read but taken to heart by everyone who cares about the future of Africa and the world."
As highly regarded Canadian journalist Rick Salutin further noted, in a column written on the occasion of Saul's retirement from York University in Toronto in 2004, "Saul's writings are all about instilling hope and learning from failure...He is a sort of underground alternate Canadian tradition to the internationalism of Lester Pearson, more like the tradition of Norman Bethune and Chris Giannou."
Similarly, Jorge Rebelo, poet, long-time Frelimo (Mozambique) militant, and cabinet minister in the first government of a liberated Mozambique, writes that "Saul's greatest contribution has been sharing ideas, criticizing and giving advice - reminding us that we should base our ideology on the concrete realities of our country and people, not on ready-made manuals...that we should always ensure the participation of the people in decision-making, and make socialism not just a slogan but a real objective."
Noted Indian Marxist scholar and activist, Aijaz Ahmad, concluded that "Saul combines in his person much of what is best about the international political culture of the left."
Honours
In 2004, Saul was elected fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. In 2010, he was granted an honorary doctorate by Victoria University within the University of Toronto. In 2011, he received a Lifetime Achievement Award by the Canadian Association of African Studies in 2011.
Death
Saul died from cancer on September 23, 2023, at the age of 85.
Works
Socialism in Tanzania: Politics and Policies, co-edited with Lionel Cliffe, 2 vols. (1972-3)
Essays on the Political Economy of Africa, with Giovanni Arrighi (1973)
Socialism and Participation: Tanzania's 1970 National Election, co-edited with the Electoral Studies Committee, University of Dar es Salaam (1974)
Canada and Mozambique (1974)
Rural Cooperation in Tanzania, co-edited with Lionel Cliffe and others (1975)
Words and Deeds: Canada, Portugal and Africa, with the Toronto Committee for the Liberation of Southern Africa (1976)
The State and Revolution in Eastern Africa (1979)
The Crisis in South Africa, co-authored with Stephen Gelb (1981, rev. ed. 1986)
O Marxismo-Leninismo no Contexto Moçambicano (1983)
A Difficult Road: The Transition to Socialism in Mozambique (1985)
Socialist Ideology and the Struggle for Southern Africa (1990)
Recolonization and Resistance: Southern Africa in the 1990s (1994)
Namibia's Liberation Struggle: The Two-Edged Sword, with Colin Leys, & others (1995)
Millennial Africa: Capitalism, Socialism, Democracy (2001)
The Next Liberation Struggle: Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy in Southern Africa (2005)
Development after Globalization: Theory and Practice for the Embattled South in a New Imperial Age (2006)
Decolonization and Empire: Contesting the Rhetoric and Reality of Resubordination in Southern Africa and Beyond (2007)
Revolutionary Traveller: Freeze-Frames from a Life (2009)
Liberation Lite: The Roots of Recolonization in Southern Africa (2011)
South Africa – The Present as History: From Mrs. Ples to Mandela AND Marikana (2014)
A Flawed Freedom: Rethinking Southern African Liberation (2014)
On Building a Social Movement: The North American Campaign for Southern African Liberation Revisited (2017)
Revolutionary Hope vs Free-Market Fantasies: Keeping the Southern Africa Liberation Struggle Alive – Theory, Practice, Context (2021)
References
External links
The African Activist Archive Project website description of the Toronto Committee for the Liberation of Southern Africa (TCLSAC) and some 67 issues of the TCLSAC magazine Southern Africa Report published from 1985 to 2000.
1938 births
2023 deaths
Canadian economists
Canadian Marxists
Academic staff of York University
Deaths from cancer |
```go
//
//
// path_to_url
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
package storage
import (
"context"
"errors"
"fmt"
"io"
"net"
"net/http"
"net/url"
"strings"
"cloud.google.com/go/internal"
"cloud.google.com/go/internal/version"
sinternal "cloud.google.com/go/storage/internal"
"github.com/google/uuid"
gax "github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2"
"google.golang.org/api/googleapi"
"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
)
var defaultRetry *retryConfig = &retryConfig{}
var xGoogDefaultHeader = fmt.Sprintf("gl-go/%s gccl/%s", version.Go(), sinternal.Version)
// run determines whether a retry is necessary based on the config and
// idempotency information. It then calls the function with or without retries
// as appropriate, using the configured settings.
func run(ctx context.Context, call func() error, retry *retryConfig, isIdempotent bool, setHeader func(string, int)) error {
attempts := 1
invocationID := uuid.New().String()
if retry == nil {
retry = defaultRetry
}
if (retry.policy == RetryIdempotent && !isIdempotent) || retry.policy == RetryNever {
setHeader(invocationID, attempts)
return call()
}
bo := gax.Backoff{}
if retry.backoff != nil {
bo.Multiplier = retry.backoff.Multiplier
bo.Initial = retry.backoff.Initial
bo.Max = retry.backoff.Max
}
var errorFunc func(err error) bool = ShouldRetry
if retry.shouldRetry != nil {
errorFunc = retry.shouldRetry
}
return internal.Retry(ctx, bo, func() (stop bool, err error) {
setHeader(invocationID, attempts)
err = call()
attempts++
return !errorFunc(err), err
})
}
func setRetryHeaderHTTP(req interface{ Header() http.Header }) func(string, int) {
return func(invocationID string, attempts int) {
if req == nil {
return
}
header := req.Header()
// TODO(b/274504690): Consider dropping gccl-invocation-id key since it
// duplicates the X-Goog-Gcs-Idempotency-Token header (added in v1.31.0).
invocationHeader := fmt.Sprintf("gccl-invocation-id/%v gccl-attempt-count/%v", invocationID, attempts)
xGoogHeader := strings.Join([]string{invocationHeader, xGoogDefaultHeader}, " ")
header.Set("x-goog-api-client", xGoogHeader)
// Also use the invocationID for the idempotency token header, which will
// enable idempotent retries for more operations.
header.Set("x-goog-gcs-idempotency-token", invocationID)
}
}
// TODO: Implement method setting header via context for gRPC
func setRetryHeaderGRPC(_ context.Context) func(string, int) {
return func(_ string, _ int) {
return
}
}
// ShouldRetry returns true if an error is retryable, based on best practice
// guidance from GCS. See
// path_to_url#go for more information
// on what errors are considered retryable.
//
// If you would like to customize retryable errors, use the WithErrorFunc to
// supply a RetryOption to your library calls. For example, to retry additional
// errors, you can write a custom func that wraps ShouldRetry and also specifies
// additional errors that should return true.
func ShouldRetry(err error) bool {
if err == nil {
return false
}
if errors.Is(err, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF) {
return true
}
switch e := err.(type) {
case *net.OpError:
if strings.Contains(e.Error(), "use of closed network connection") {
// TODO: check against net.ErrClosed (go 1.16+) instead of string
return true
}
case *googleapi.Error:
// Retry on 408, 429, and 5xx, according to
// path_to_url
return e.Code == 408 || e.Code == 429 || (e.Code >= 500 && e.Code < 600)
case *url.Error:
// Retry socket-level errors ECONNREFUSED and ECONNRESET (from syscall).
// Unfortunately the error type is unexported, so we resort to string
// matching.
retriable := []string{"connection refused", "connection reset"}
for _, s := range retriable {
if strings.Contains(e.Error(), s) {
return true
}
}
case interface{ Temporary() bool }:
if e.Temporary() {
return true
}
}
// UNAVAILABLE, RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED, and INTERNAL codes are all retryable for gRPC.
if st, ok := status.FromError(err); ok {
if code := st.Code(); code == codes.Unavailable || code == codes.ResourceExhausted || code == codes.Internal {
return true
}
}
// Unwrap is only supported in go1.13.x+
if e, ok := err.(interface{ Unwrap() error }); ok {
return ShouldRetry(e.Unwrap())
}
return false
}
``` |
The Allardyce Range () is a mountain range rising south of Cumberland Bay and dominating the central part of South Georgia, a UK overseas territory. It extends for from Mount Globus in the northwest to Mount Brooker in the southeast, with peaks of and including Mount Paget () the highest peak of the range and also the highest point in the UK territory. Other peaks of the range include Mount Roots.
Although not shown on the charts of South Georgia by Cook in 1775 or Bellingshausen in 1819, peaks of this range were doubtless seen by those explorers. The range was named c. 1915 after Sir William Lamond Allardyce (1861–1930), Governor of the Falkland Islands and Dependencies, 1904–14.
See also
Nachtigal Peak
Sutton Crag
References
Stonehouse, B (ed.) Encyclopedia of Antarctica and the Southern Oceans (2002, )
Mountains and hills of South Georgia |
Gergő Beliczky (born 3 July 1990) is a Hungarian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Eger in the third-tier Nemzeti Bajnokság III.
Career
Born in Budapest, Beliczky has played in Hungary and the Netherlands for Vasas SC, Zwolle, Ferencváros and Pápa.
BFC Siófok
On 27 February 2020, Beliczky joined BFC Siófok on a contract for the rest of the season.
Csákvár
On 19 January 2023, Beliczky signed with Csákvár.
References
External links
1990 births
Footballers from Budapest
21st-century Hungarian people
Living people
Hungarian men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Hungary men's under-21 international footballers
Vasas SC players
PEC Zwolle players
Ferencvárosi TC footballers
Pápai FC footballers
Gyirmót FC Győr players
Győri ETO FC players
Kaposvári Rákóczi FC players
BFC Siófok players
Dorogi FC footballers
Tiszakécske FC footballers
Aqvital FC Csákvár players
Egri FC players
Nemzeti Bajnokság I players
Eerste Divisie players
Nemzeti Bajnokság II players
Nemzeti Bajnokság III players
Hungarian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in the Netherlands
Hungarian expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands |
is a Japanese politician of the Democratic Party of Japan. He is a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Nagoya, Aichi and drop-out of Sophia University, he was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time in 2000.
References
External links
Official website in Japanese.
Members of the House of Representatives from Aichi Prefecture
Sophia University alumni
Living people
1958 births
People from Nagoya
Democratic Party of Japan politicians
21st-century Japanese politicians |
Choi Hyun-Yeon (Hangul: 최현연, born 16 April 1984) is a South Korean footballer. He previously plays for Navbahor.
External links
1984 births
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
South Korean men's footballers
South Korean expatriate men's footballers
Jeju United FC players
Pohang Steelers players
Gyeongnam FC players
Shaoxing Keqiao Yuejia F.C. players
Kuala Lumpur City F.C. players
Navbahor Namangan players
Gresik United F.C. players
K League 1 players
Chinese Super League players
Malaysia Premier League players
Uzbekistan Super League players
Liga 1 (Indonesia) players
South Korean expatriate sportspeople in China
South Korean expatriate sportspeople in Malaysia
South Korean expatriate sportspeople in Uzbekistan
South Korean expatriate sportspeople in Indonesia
Expatriate men's footballers in China
Expatriate men's footballers in Malaysia
Expatriate men's footballers in Uzbekistan
Expatriate men's footballers in Indonesia |
The Excellent Care for All Act, 2010 is a law passed by the Ontario Legislature which attempts to make the health care sector more accountable to its patients.
Provisions
The Act was signed into law by Premier Dalton McGuinty in 2010. The Act focused on Ontario patients and the importance of high-quality patient health care. The act stipulates a number of requirements that all healthcare organizations must follow. This includes the maintenance of an active quality committee, performing an annual survey of staff and patients, and linking executive salary to the attainment of quality-improvement targets. The Act also created the Office of the Patient Ombudsman. Legislators believe that these provisions will make the health care sector more accountable to its patients.
References
Health in Ontario
Ontario provincial legislation
2010 in Ontario
2010 in Canadian law |
Eurathea is a small genus of very small sea snails, pyramidellid gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the tribe Chrysallidini within the family Pyramidellidae.
Distribution
So far, species in this genus have been described from Australia, Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands.
Life habits
Little is known about the biology of the members of this genus. As is true of most members of the Pyramidellidae sensu lato, they are ectoparasites.
Species
Species within the genus Eurathea include:
Eurathea humerica Laseron, 1959 - type species, the type locality is Darwin, Australia. The length of the shell is 3.2 mm.
Eurathea rissoiformis Peñas & Rolán, 2017
Eurathea solomonensis Peñas & Rolán, 2017
References
Laseron, C. F. (1959). Family Pyramidellidae (Mollusca) from Northern Australia. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 10(2): 177–267.
Peñas A. & Rolán E. (2017). Deep water Pyramidelloidea from the central and South Pacific. The tribe Chrysallidini. ECIMAT (Estación de Ciencias Mariñas de Toralla), Universidade de Vigo. 412 pp
Pyramidellidae |
Among the Enemy is a 2005 novel by Margaret Peterson Haddix, about a time in which drastic measures have been taken to quell overpopulation. It is the sixth of seven novels in the Shadow Children series.
Plot introduction
The general plot revolves around the government's lies about an overpopulated world in order to gain control of the Earth's resources. In this turmoil, the democratic government has been overthrown and a totalitarian government has been put in its place. Laws established by the regime prohibit a family from having more than two children to lower the rate of birth. Children born after the second child—referred to as "shadow children"—will be killed.
Plot summary
Matthias, Percy, and Alia, (from Among the Betrayed) are introduced once again. At Niedler School they are apprehended along with many other children and put in a truck to be taken, supposedly, to a work camp. They are saved when Matthias finds a nail, slashes the tires and crashes into a tree that falls, injuring Alia in the process, and allows them to escape. They run immediately to the forest, and Percy is shot in a crossfire between Population Police and Rebels while they are trying to find a place to hide. Matthias is able to drag Percy and Alia, now both critically ill, into a rebel hideout cabin, whose dwellers are killed by the Population Police, and then he runs to Mr. Hendrick's cottage to get help.
He returns from Mr. Hendrick's cottage with Mrs. Talbot, a talented doctor and wife of a rebel leader, Mr. Talbot. Finding Alia and Percy missing, Matthias then ends up saving a Population Police Officer Tidwell, called Tiddy by his friends, from a deadly shootout. They end up at Population Police headquarters, where he finds an expected favor from the commander of the base as a result of his association with Tiddy, a favorite of the commander's. Tiddy goes to the forest and reports upon his return that he torched the entire area. Unexpectedly, he dies from poison soon afterward. Matthias grieves for Percy and Alia who he believes are now dead, though makes it appear as though he is grieving for Tiddy instead. The commander provides Matthias with special allowances, believing that Matthias is devastated by Tiddy's death, and Matthias pretends to enjoy the commander's company to avoid getting into trouble.
Matthias soon encounters Nina, working undercover at the headquarters, and she reluctantly reveals what she, Lee (Luke Garner), and several other allies are doing in hopes of overthrowing the Population Police. The commander also takes the boy to a warehouse full of food, where Matthias realizes that he must stop grieving over Percy and Alia and help Nina and her friends. Thanks to Matthias, they are soon able to overhear many of the commander and the Population Police's plans, including one involving Jason Barstow, a boy who betrayed Nina to the Population Police.
Matthias eventually escapes from headquarters to aid Nina and the others but is caught by Mike, a Population Police agent and Tiddy's best friend. However, Mike soon reveals that he is actually a double-agent, having previously saved Matthias and Nina when they were caught during a secret meeting to exchange information. They make their way to the warehouse and empty it of all its food by "lending" it to the local population. The warehouse, which also contains fake ID cards as well as the local population's real ID cards, is destroyed to prevent the Population Police from exacting a plan that would expose illegal thirds and other people targeted by the Population Police as enemies.
The pair remain in hiding for several days before returning to Mr. Hendricks' house, where Matthias hopes to apologize to Mr. Talbot for abandoning Mrs. Talbot in the forest where Percy and Alia perished. However, when they arrive, Matthias is relieved and overjoyed to discover his friends and Mrs. Talbot are safe and alive. Mike reveals himself to be Nedley, an ally from Among the Brave. Matthias decides to remain at the Mr. Hendricks' cabin with his friends until he decides what he will do next with his life, though he is content to remain with Percy, Alia, and everyone else.
References
External links
Margaret Peterson Haddix official author Web site
Shadow Children
American young adult novels
2005 American novels
Dystopian novels
2005 science fiction novels
Novels by Margaret Peterson Haddix |
Union Bank of Colombo PLC (; ), commonly referred to as UBC, is a commercial bank in Sri Lanka. It is licensed by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka, the central bank and national banking regulator.
Overview
Union Bank of Colombo PLC is one of the top five banks in Sri Lanka in market capitalization as well as one of the country's fastest growing Financial Services Groups. , the bank operated 66 branches and 121 automatic teller machines (ATM) across the island nation. The bank offers a range of products and services to Retail, SME and Corporate segments.
History
UBC was established in 1995 as the eighth indigenous commercial bank with DFCC Bank, The Great Eastern Life Assurance Company Limited as its founding shareholders. The bank's shares were listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange in March 2016 after an initial public offering that was oversubscribed by 350 percent. The IPO was to enable the Bank to comply with the Central Bank Capital Adequacy norms.
In 2014 TPG Group, a USA based private investment firm with over of assets, acquired 70 percent of the issued share capital of UBC through its subsidiary, Culture Financial Holdings. The deal was valued at , and was at the time one of the largest foreign direct investments in Sri Lanka's financial sector.
Subsidiaries
Other than its banking business, Union Bank of Colombo provides additional financial services through its two subsidiaries:
National Asset Management Limited (51% shareholding), an asset management company in Sri Lanka offering unit trusts and private portfolios for institutional investors and individual clients.
UB Finance Company Limited (66.17% shareholding), a finance company offering financial services such as accepting deposits, maintaining savings accounts, lease financing, hire purchase, vehicle loans, mortgage loans, pawning, factoring, working capital financing and real estate.
Ownership
The stock of Union Bank of Colombo PLC is listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol "UBC". , the largest shareholders in the bank's stock were:
Governance
A twelve-person board of directors governs UBC with Atul Malik as the Chairman and Indrajit Wickramasinghe as the chief executive officer.
See also
List of banks in Sri Lanka
Central Bank of Sri Lanka
References
External links
Official website of Union Bank of Colombo
Banks of Sri Lanka
Banks established in 1995
1995 establishments in Sri Lanka
Companies listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange
Sri Lankan companies established in 1995 |
The Nations Cup was a non-ranking team snooker tournament created in 1999, and the second team tournament after the World Cup. The annual contests featured team of four players representing their country against other such teams.
History
The event began in the 1998/1999 season. It was held at the Telewest Arena, Newcastle upon Tyne. The five home countries participated, who were represented by four player teams and were identified by coloured waistcoats. It was played on a round robin basis with the top two meeting in the final. For the final two years the event moved to the Hexagon Theatre in Reading. In 2001 there were eight teams, as Thailand, Malta and China joined the competition. Teams consisted of three players and were split into two round robin groups, from where the top two teams advanced to the semi-finals. It was planned to rename the event to World Cup in 2002, but it was abandoned because ITV discontinued their snooker coverage.
Winners
See also
World Cup (snooker)
References
Nations Cup (snooker)
Snooker non-ranking competitions
Snooker competitions in England
Recurring sporting events established in 1999
Recurring sporting events disestablished in 2001
1999 establishments in England
2001 disestablishments in England
Defunct snooker competitions
Defunct sports competitions in England |
The Oktibbeha County School District was a public school district serving rural communities in Oktibbeha County, Mississippi (USA). The district administrative offices were in Starkville. It is now a part of the Starkville-Oktibbeha Consolidated School District, effective July 1, 2015.
History
In the 1960s and 70s, the school districts were reconfigured so that most of the areas surrounding Starkville were grouped into the Starkville School District (SSD). This resulted in a situation where the population of the OCSD had a median income of around half that of the SSD, and was over 90% black. Prior to 1970, black students from Sturgis were bused to Maben. One day before the faculty of the schools were to be integrated in February of 1970, a black school in Maben was burned.
The district served most of Maben and the town of Sturgis in the West Oktibbeha County Elementary (Pre-K-6) and High School (7-12) as well as several communities in the western parts of the county not in the Starkville City School District. The East Oktibbeha County Elementary (K-6) and High School (7-12) served the communities in the eastern parts of Oktibbeha county not included in the Starkville City School District. OCSD was taken over the state twice due to academic failure and mismanagement, and the state proposed several times that it should be merged with the SSD. In 2013, the Mississippi Legislature passed a bill requiring that all Oktibbeha County schools be merged into the Starkville School District. In the implementation of this plan, East Oktibbeha Elementary was closed because its location would have resulted in a school that was over 90% black. The district was dissolved under Mississippi law on July 1, 2015.
Schools
East Oktibbeha County High School - Unincorporated area
West Oktibbeha County High School - Maben
East Oktibbeha County Elementary School - Unincorporated area
West Oktibbeha County Elementary School (formerly Sturgis Elementary School) - Sturgis
Schools closed prior to the district's consolidation:
Wicks Elementary School
Alexander High School (for black children)
Maben High School (for black children)
Moor High School (for black children)
Sturgis High School (for white children)
Demographics
2019-2020 school year
2006-07 school year
There were a total of 876 students enrolled in the Oktibbeha County School District during the 2006-2007 school year. The gender makeup of the district was 51% female and 49% male. The racial makeup of the district was 91.55% African American, 8.33% White, and 0.11% Asian. 82.7% of the district's students were eligible to receive free lunch.
Previous school years
Accountability statistics
See also
List of school districts in Mississippi
References
External links
2010 school district map for Oktibbeha County - U.S. Census Bureau
PROCLAMATION by GOVERNOR RONNIE MUSGROVE (concerning the school district)
Education in Oktibbeha County, Mississippi
Former school districts in Mississippi
2015 disestablishments in Mississippi
School districts disestablished in 2015 |
Corey Landon Maze (born January 4, 1978) is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama.
Education
Maze earned his Bachelor of Arts, summa cum laude, from Auburn University and his Juris Doctor, cum laude, from the Georgetown University Law Center.
Legal career
From 2008 to 2011, Maze served as the Solicitor General of Alabama. Before his appointment as Solicitor General, Maze prosecuted criminal trials and appeals for five years as an Assistant Attorney General. During that period, he argued three cases in the Supreme Court of the United States and won three "Best Brief Awards" from the National Association of Attorneys General.
From 2011 to 2019, Maze served as chief of the Attorney General's Special Litigation unit and acted as the state's primary counsel in complex civil matters such as the 2010 oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico and the ongoing opioid crisis.
Federal judicial service
On May 10, 2018, President Donald Trump nominated Maze to serve as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama. On May 15, 2018, his nomination was sent to the Senate. He was nominated to the seat vacated by Judge Virginia Emerson Hopkins, who assumed senior status on June 22, 2018. On October 17, 2018, a hearing on his nomination was held before the Senate Judiciary Committee.
On January 3, 2019, his nomination was returned to the President under Rule XXXI, Paragraph 6 of the United States Senate. On January 23, 2019, President Trump announced his intent to renominate Maze for a federal judgeship. His nomination was sent to the Senate later that day. On February 7, 2019, his nomination was reported out of committee by a 13–9 vote. On June 11, 2019, the Senate invoked cloture on his nomination by a 62–34 vote. On June 12, 2019, his nomination was confirmed by a 62–34 vote. He received his judicial commission on June 18, 2019.
Memberships
He has been a member of the Federalist Society since 2017.
References
External links
Appearances at the U.S. Supreme Court from the Oyez Project
|-
1978 births
Living people
20th-century American lawyers
21st-century American lawyers
21st-century American judges
Alabama lawyers
Auburn University alumni
Georgetown University Law Center alumni
Judges of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama
People from Gadsden, Alabama
Solicitors General of Alabama
United States district court judges appointed by Donald Trump |
The Calhoun Shot, also known as the Immaculate Connection, was a basketball shot made by spectator Don Calhoun during a timeout in the third quarter of a Chicago Bulls–Miami Heat game on April 14, 1993. The shot was part of a promotion that offered 1 million dollars to any fan who could make a 75-foot shot through the basket from the free-throw line at the opposite end of the court. At the time, Calhoun's shot was reported as the first time anyone ever made a three-quarters promotional shot. In actuality, a spectator had succeeded in this shot in 1989, winning a car.
The insurance company that was required to make the payoff, American Hole 'N One Inc, voided the payment because Calhoun had played college basketball, a violation of the rules. However, the sponsors of the event, Coca-Cola, the Lettuce Entertain You restaurant, and the Bulls, pledged to cover the prize if the insurance company would not. As a result, Calhoun got $50,000 a year over the next 20 years. The insurance company still benefited from the publicity. The shot, and the news coverage it gained, are credited with the rise of similar promotions during sport events.
Contestant
Don Calhoun was at the time an office supplies salesman. He had played basketball for Bloomington High School and later for Triton College during the 1988–1989 season. Following the shot, he signed a one-year contract with the Harlem Globetrotters.
He later continued to work with office supplies, getting approximately $38,000 (after taxes) every year until 2013. He characterized the money as nice, but not something that made him feel rich. Thirty years after making the shot, Calhoun lives in the Midwest and has four children, one of whom was able to earn a college degree (the first in the family to do so) and later a medical degree partly thanks to his father's prize money.
, the ball that was used to make the shot is in the possession of Calhoun's son, Dr. Clarence Calhoun II.
References
April 1993 sports events in the United States
Basketball in Chicago
Chicago Bulls games
Miami Heat games |
Refiloe Jackie Phelile Florence Sedibe (born 1945) is a retired South African National Defence Force (SANDF) Major General. Sedibe was part of the African National Congress (ANC) prior to the end of apartheid and also a member of the uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK). She was one of the first women involved in MK and the first black woman to hold the rank of Major General in the SANDF.
Biography
Sedibe was born in 1945 in White River. Around age six, her parents split up and Sedibe went to live with her uncle, Ben Sedibe, who was also an activist in the African National Congress (ANC). Sedibe followed her uncle's lead and became active in the ANC by delivering leaflets and carrying messages. In 1964 she became one of the first women involved in the uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK) when she joined at age 17. Sedibe was sent to the Soviet Union for training at the Odessa Infantry Academy and went on to receive training on military combat and "clandestine radio communications" in 1966.
Sedibe's first mission was on the Wankie Operation, where she worked as a radio operator in Lusaka between 1969 and 1971. During the operations, she became the communications chief. Starting in 1972, she worked in ANC branches as a secretary and chairperson and also wrote and co-edited the Voice of Women Bulletin. In Lusaka, between 1976 and 1977, she worked with Zambian immigration officials to process new recruits and in 1978, she became a member of the Revolutionary Council. In 1984, Sedibe was appointed to the ANC's National Executive Committee (NEC). In 1990, she became the communications head for the military department of the ANC at their headquarters in Johannesburg.
After returning from exile, Sedibe was part of the first group of former MK members to become integrated into the South African military in 1994. She started working for the office of inspector general where she has focused on women's issues in the South African National Defence Force (SANDF). Sedibe was promoted to the rank of major general in 1996. She is considered the first black woman to hold that rank in the SANDF.
In 2016, she was awarded the Order of Mendi for Bravery.
Personal life
Sedibe was married to Joe Modise and the couple had two daughters, Dipuso and Lesedi.
References
Sources
1945 births
People from Mpumalanga
African National Congress
UMkhonto we Sizwe personnel
Order of Mendi for Bravery
South African women activists
Female military personnel
South African Army generals
Living people |
Johan Bäverbrant (born 19 March 1968 in Stockholm, Sweden) is a Swedish diplomat.
Bäverbrant is known for his work against homelessness and participation in the trafficking debate. In 2006, he gathered more than seven thousand signatures against trafficking during the World Cup. He has a Master of Laws degree from the University of Cambridge. In 1996 he received the award of the Swedish King, Carl XVI Gustaf, for his work with the Council of Europe.
Bäverbrant is married and has three children. Once a renowned ice hockey player he is now a diplomat living in Sweden.
References and notes
Signatures Stop Trafficking
Interview p. 5
Swedish Homelessness - Aftonbladet
WTO Panelist
1968 births
Alumni of St Edmund's College, Cambridge
Living people
Diplomats from Stockholm
Swedish diplomats |
Richard Fretson Halliwell (29 March 1959 – 1 May 2021) was a British game designer who worked at Games Workshop (GW) during their seminal period in the 1980s, creating many of the games that would become central to GW's success.
Career
Early games
As teenagers living in Lincoln, England in the 1970s, Richard Halliwell and his school friend Rick Priestley liked to play tabletop miniatures wargames. In 1979, while still in school, they decided to create a set of rules for a fantasy miniatures wargame they called Reaper. Halliwell and Priestley found a small company, Tabletop Games, that was willing to publish their small booklet but had no sales outlet. They contacted Bryan Ansell of Asgard Miniatures in Nottingham; he put them in touch with the Nottingham Model Soldier Shop, who agreed to sell Reaper.
With one rulebook for sale, Halliwell and Priestley collaborated on a second effort, a science fiction miniatures wargame titled Combat 3000, also published by Tabletop, that used 15mm/25mm "space marine" miniatures from Asgard.
About this time, Bryan Ansell, with financial backing from Games Workshop, left Asgard Miniatures to form Citadel Miniatures in Newark. Halliwell got a job there, but found that he also liked to travel abroad frequently, and soon stepped back from fulltime employment, preferring to do odd jobs and freelance work for Citadel, usually as a mould maker. During this time, he and Ansell collaborated on the rules for a science fiction wargame called Imperial Commander that featured a titanic struggle between two vast forces. It was again published by Tabletop Games.
Warhammer
By 1982, Bryan Ansell wanted to create a set of rules for miniatures wargames that would drive sales of Citadel's miniatures. Halliwell, as a freelance employee, had plenty of time on his hands, and was given the task of writing the rules. He came up with the idea of an overarching fantasy campaign set on a continent called Lustria. Like his previous game, Imperial Commander, this would feature a never-ending war between titanic forces. Once Halliwell was finished with the rules, Rick Priestley and Tony Ackland developed the product, and it was released by sister company Games Workshop in 1983 as Warhammer. On the development process, Priestley said, "It was actually my colleague Richard Halliwell who was originally commissioned to write it. I developed it with him, because we often worked on things together". Mechanics of the game were derived from their earlier game Reaper.
Halliwell was on the development team of the second edition of Warhammer in 1984, as well as Warhammer Fantasy Roleplay in 1986, and the third edition of Warhammer in 1987. Halliwell and Priestley also collaborated to produce Ravening Hordes: The Official Warhammer Battle Army Lists in 1987.
Other GW games
In 1987, Halliwell stepped away from the Warhammer universe to develop several other projects. GW had produced Judge Dredd: The Role-Playing Game in 1985, a dystopian post-apocalyptic role-playing game based on the Judge Dredd comics. In 1987, Halliwell designed a tongue-in-cheek combat game called Block Mania that was set in the Judge Dredd universe, in which residents of two city blocks must cause as much harm as possible to each other before the Judges arrive to restore order. He followed this with Mega-Mania, a four-player expansion, and Slaughter Margin, a Judge Dredd adventure scenario. He also helped design Citi-Block, a Judge Dredd supplement. After the 2020 rerelease of Block Mania and Mega-Mania, the UK print magazine Tabletop Gaming highlighted that "Richard Halliwell knew his source material well, ensuring it’s all thematically bang-on, and satisfying to die-hard Dredd fans. But it feels more like a curious relic, a collector's piece, than something which seriously deserves to take tabletop time away from newer, player-friendlier games".
In 1988, Halliwell worked with Marc Gascoigne to design Dark Future, a Mad Max-like combat board game featuring a violent car race across North America. PCGamesN highlighted that "Dark Future drew on the marvellous design instincts of Richard Halliwell, then just a year away from publishing Space Hulk and introducing the word 'overwatch' to the sci-fi gaming lexicon".
In 1989–1990, Halliwell reached the height of his game design career, winning two Origins Awards in two years. In 1989, he was the "sole designer credited on the first" edition of Space Hulk, a tense and suspenseful tactical science fiction miniatures game in which the evil Genestealer aliens have taken over a derelict ship drifting in space, and the heroic Space Marines must board the ship to accomplish a given goal. At the 1990 Origins Awards, Space Hulk was named Best Fantasy or Science Fiction Boardgame of 1989.
The following year, Halliwell collaborated with Matt Forbeck and Jervis Johnson to produce two Space Hulk expansions, Deathwing, and Genestealer. At the 1991 Origins Awards, Genestealer won Best Fantasy or Science Fiction Boardgame of 1990. The following year, Halliwell helped design Space Hulk Campaigns, a set of new scenarios for his Space Hulk game.
Life after Game Workshop
Following his successes, Halliwell left GW and stepped away from game design.
Graeme Davis posted on Twitter on May 3, 2021, that Richard Halliwell had died.
References
1959 births
2021 deaths
British game designers
Games Workshop
People from Lincoln, England |
Keith Drury may refer to:
Keith Drury (theologian)
Keith Drury (artist) |
This list of generic names of political parties includes only generic party names, not overviews of parties, e.g., liberal and green parties.
Action Party
National Action Party
People's Action Party
Agrarian Party
Alliance Party
National Alliance
New Alliance Party
American Party
Blue Party
Centre Party
Christian Party
Christian Democratic Party and Christian Democratic Union
Christian People's Party
Civic Party
Civic Democratic Party
Colorado Party
Communist Party and Communist League
International Communist League
Revolutionary Communist League
Worker-Communist Party
Revolutionary Communist Party
Conservative Party
Conservative People's Party
Constitution Party
Democratic Party and Democratic Alliance
Christian Democratic Party and Christian Democratic Union
Civic Democratic Party
Union of Democratic Forces
Free Democratic Party
Democratic Labour Party
Liberal Democratic Party
National Democratic Party and National Democratic Congress
New Democratic Party
Democratic People's Party
Progressive Democratic Party
Radical Democratic Party
Social Democratic Party
Social Democratic Union
Democratic Socialist Party
United Democratic Party
Equality Party
Fascist Party
Fatherland Party and Fatherland Union
Union of Democratic Forces
Free Democratic Party
Freedom Party
Green Party
Independence Party
International
Industrial Workers of the World
Justice Party
Labour Party
Labour Party (disambiguation)
Socialist Labour Party
Left Party
United Left
Liberal Party
Liberal Democratic Party
National Liberal Party
Radical Liberal Party
Social Liberal Party
Libertarian Party
Moderate Party
Motherland Party
National Party, National Front and National Congress
National Alliance
National Democratic Party and National Democratic Congress
National Liberal Party
New National Party
National Socialist Party
National Unity Party
New Party
New Alliance Party
New Democratic Party
New National Party
People's Party and People's Alliance
Christian People's Party
Conservative People's Party
Democratic People's Party
Liberal People's Party
National People's Party
Republican People's Party
Popular Party and Popular Alliance
National Popular Party
Pirate Party
Progressive Party
Progressive Democratic Party
Radical Party
Radical Democratic Party
Left Radical Party
Red Party
Reform Party
Liberal Reform Party
National Reform Party
Republican Party
National Republican Party
Revolutionary Party
Revolutionary Communist Party
Social Democratic Party
Social Democratic Union
Socialist Party
Democratic Socialist Party
Socialist Labour Party
National Socialist Party
Socialist Workers Party
Unionist Party
Unity Party, United Party
United Left
National Unity Party
United Democratic Party
United Workers' Party
Workers' Party
Socialist Workers' Party
United Workers' Party
Worker-Communist Party
Workers' League
General |
Aleksei Valeryevich Serebryakov (; born 10 July 1976) is a former Russian professional football player.
Club career
He played in the Russian Football National League for FC Sodovik Sterlitamak in 2007.
References
1976 births
Living people
Russian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
FC Olimpia Volgograd players
FC Sodovik Sterlitamak players
FC Sakhalin Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk players
FC Sibiryak Bratsk players |
James Augustine Farrell Jr. (1901 - 1966) founded Farrell Lines with his brother.
Biography
He was born in 1901 to James Augustine Farrell. From his graduation from Yale University in 1924, he was a ship operator and owner. He and his brother and John J. Farrell (businessman) eventually became the founders of a shipping company named Farrell Lines. He died in 1966.
References
1901 births
1978 deaths
20th-century American businesspeople |
Kamogata may refer to:
Kamogata, Okayama, a former town in Asakuchi District, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
Kamogata Station, a railway station in Asakuchi, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
9293 Kamogata, a main-belt asteroid |
John Emmet French (November 22, 1886 – June 10, 1947) was an American professional golfer, who is notable for losing to Gene Sarazen in the 1922 PGA Championship.
French was born in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. French, being a tall man, was a good iron player. He was known for playing entire rounds and matches without ever using a wooden club.
French won three PGA events.
Professional wins
PGA Tour wins
1919 Philadelphia Open Championship
1924 Pennsylvania Open Championship, Ohio Open
Other wins
Note: This list may be incomplete
1926 Philadelphia Open Championship
Results in major championships
NYF = Tournament not yet founded
NT = No tournament
DNP = Did not play
WD = Withdrew
R32, R16, QF, SF = Round in which player lost in PGA Championship match play
"T" indicates a tie for a place
Yellow background for top-10
Summary
Most consecutive cuts made – 19 (1915 U.S. Open – 1929 U.S. Open)
Longest streak of top-10s – 2 (twice)
References
American male golfers
PGA Tour golfers
Golfers from Pennsylvania
People from Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
1886 births
1947 deaths |
The Big Game is an Australian television game show which aired in 1966 on Melbourne station GTV-9. Tony Charlton was host. The series featured members of VFL teams answering general knowledge questions. Aired at 7:00PM on Thursdays. Aired against Green Acres on HSV-7, news on ABV-2, and Hogan's Heroes on ATV-0.
Archival status of the series is not known.
References
External links
The Big Game on IMDb
1966 Australian television series debuts
1966 Australian television series endings
1960s Australian game shows
Black-and-white Australian television shows
English-language television shows |
Borbacha is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.
Species
Borbacha altipardaria Holloway, 1982
Borbacha bipardaria Holloway, 1982
Borbacha euchrysa (Lower, 1894)
Borbacha monopardaria Holloway, 1982
Borbacha pardalis (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)
Borbacha pardaria (Guenée, 1857)
Borbacha punctipardaria Holloway, 1982
References
Borbacha at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Baptini |
Sazağası is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Haymana, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 112 (2022).
The village is populated by the Kurdish Şêxbizin tribe.
References
Neighbourhoods in Haymana District
Kurdish settlements in Ankara Province |
Boardman v Phipps [1966] UKHL 2 is a landmark English trusts law case concerning the duty of loyalty and the duty to avoid conflicts of interest.
Facts
Mr Tom Boardman was the solicitor of a family trust. The trust assets include a 27% holding in a company (a textile company with factories in Coventry, Nuneaton and in Australia through a subsidiary). Boardman was concerned about the accounts of the company, and thought that to protect the trust a majority shareholding is required. He and a beneficiary, Tom Phipps, went to a shareholders' general meeting of the company. They realised together that they could turn the company around. They suggested to a trustee (Mr Fox) that it would be desirable to acquire a majority shareholding, but Fox said it was completely out of the question for the trustees to do so. With the knowledge of the trustees, Boardman and Phipps decided to purchase the shares themselves. They bought a majority stake. But they did not obtain the fully informed consent of all the beneficiaries. By capitalizing some of the assets, the company made a distribution of capital without reducing the values of the shares. The trust benefited by this distribution £47,000, while Boardman and Phipps made £75,000. But then John Phipps, another beneficiary, sued for their profits, alleging a conflict of interest.
Judgment
High Court
Wilberforce J held that Boardman was liable to pay for his breach of the duty of loyalty by not accounting to the company for that amount of money, but that he could be paid for his services.
Court of Appeal
Lord Denning MR, Russell LJ and Pearson LJ upheld Wilberforce J's decision and held that Boardman and Phipps had breached his duty of loyalty, which arose as they had become self-appointed agents representing the trust, by putting themselves in a conflict of interest. They were therefore liable for the profits earned. However, they would be able to retain a generous remuneration for the services he performed. On this, Lord Denning MR said (at 1021)
House of Lords
The majority of the House of Lords (Lords Cohen, Guest and Hodson) held that there was a possibility of a conflict of interest, because the solicitor and beneficiary might have come to Boardman for advice as to the purchases of the shares. They owed fiduciary duties (to avoid any possibility of a conflict of interest) because they were negotiating over use of the trust's shares. The majority disagreed about the nature and relevance of information used by Boardman and Phipps. Lord Cohen said the information is not truly property and it does not necessarily follow that, because an agent acquired information and opportunity while acting in a fiduciary capacity, he is accountable. His liability to account depends on the facts. His Lordship regarded Boardman to be liable because he acquired the information in the course of the fiduciary relationship and because of the fiduciary relationship. The other two members of the majority, Lord Hodson and Lord Guest, opined that information can constitute property in appropriate circumstances and in the current case, the confidential information acquired can be properly regarded as property of the trust. Therefore, Boardman was speculating with trust property and should be liable. The majority agreed unanimously that liability to account for the profits made by virtue of a fiduciary relationship is strict and does not depend on fraud or absence of bona fides, and so Phipps and Boardman would have to account for their profits. However, they were generously remunerated for their services to the trust.
Lord Upjohn dissented, and held that Phipps and Boardman should not be liable because a reasonable man would not have thought there was any real sensible possibility of a conflict of interest. This is because there is no possibility the trustee would seek Boardman's advice to purchase the shares and at any rate Boardman could have declined to act if given such request.
His Lordship distinguished Regal (Hastings) v Gulliver by restricting Regal Hastings to circumstances concerned with property of which the principals were contemplating a purchase. In the present case, as the purchase of the shares was entirely out of the question, Regal Hastings was said to be inapplicable.
Lord Upjohn also agreed with Lord Cohen that information is not property at all, although equity will restrain its transmission if it has been acquired by a breach of confidence. He said unequivocally that knowledge learnt by a trustee in the course of his duties is not property of the trust and may be used for his own benefit unless it is confidential information which is given to him (i) in circumstances which, regardless of his position as a trustee, would make it a breach of confidence to communicate it to anyone or (ii) in a fiduciary capacity.
See also
English trusts law
Corporate law
Business judgment rule
UK case law
Keech v Sandford (1724) 2 Sel Cas Ch 16
Whelpdale v Cookson (1747) 1 Ves Sen 9
Regal (Hastings) Ltd v Gulliver [1967] 2 AC 134n
Industrial Development Consultants v Cooley [1972] 1 WLR 443
Bhullar v Bhullar [2003] 2 BCLC 241
Notes
English trusts case law
Lord Denning cases
Lord Wilberforce cases
1966 in United Kingdom case law
House of Lords cases |
Otto Heinrich Wiener (15 June 1862 – 18 January 1927) was a German physicist.
Life and work
Otto Wiener was a son of Christian Wiener and Pauline Hausrath. Orphan of mother at the age of 3, he married Lina Fenner at 32.
He was a pupil of August Kundt at the University of Strasbourg, where he received his doctorate in 1887 with a thesis on the phase change of light upon reflection, and methods to determine the thickness of thin films.
Wiener is known for the experimental proof of standing light waves. In 1890 he succeeded in determining the wavelength of light.
He was professor at the University of Giessen from 1895.
In 1899 he became professor at the Physics Institute of the University of Leipzig, where he succeeded Gustav Wiedemann. Together with Theodor des Coudres, he built an excellent physical institute there, and appointed Peter Debye and Gregor Wentzel.
In his academic inaugural lecture at Leipzig of 1900 on The Extension of our Senses, he presented the theory of physical education in the context of evolutionary theory. He took up Heinrich Hertz's theory that separates internal images —a conceptualization of reality— from descriptions of experiment(Principles of Mechanics, 1894). It was the dawn of media technology. Wiener added to Hertz's work, and theorized cinematography as an extension of our senses (1900).
The Standing Lightwaves Experiment
Otto Wiener's fame is mostly due to the experiment where he visualized light waves in steady conditions. Although it could be considered equivalent to Hertz's detection of radio waves, their intent differed. Hertz aimed at validating Maxwell's theory, while Wiener's purpose was to determine the plane of vibration of light waves, as they were conceived in mechanical theory. Note that both scientists, like most of their contemporaries, assumed the existence of aether. With the rise of quantum mechanics, the concept of luminous field changed dramatically. Nowadays, quantum optics replaced the problem of visualizing light waves with that of simultaneously measuring their phase and amplitude.
Experimental setup
The light was obtained from a carbon arc light, entering the darkroom through a slit. Then it was filtered through a prism, discarding most of the red side of the spectrum. An achromatic lens focused an 8mm-wide, slightly converging light beam. 220mm after the lens, the light hit a polished silver mirror perpendicularly. Monochromatic light would result in a uniform wavelength, hence a regular standing waves pattern, parallel to the mirror's surface. Wiener's orthochromatic film was transparently thin, about 20 nm, measured by interference, which is much less than the wavelength (the sodium doublet is at about 589 nm). It was laid on the mirror, over an equally thin slice of gel. That way, by applying pressure on one side of the film only, Wiener could slightly tilt it so as to make it traverse several standing waves. The standing waves were revealed by exposing the film for 20~35 minutes, after development and printing.
Drude's critique
Wiener added benzene to the wedge after having been criticized for not considering the possibility of having photographed thin-film interference fringes rather than standing waves. His interpretation validated Fresnel's interpretation rather than Neumann's. Paul Drude criticized Wiener for this. With Nernst, he repeated Wiener's experiment using a fluorescent film as detector, in order to prove that the effect was due to electric fields.
Relationship with interferential photography
A photographic experiment for validating Fresnel's theory had already been suggested by Wilhelm Zenker (1829-1899), after a call by the French Academy of Sciences in 1865. Zenker's proposal didn't delve into the thickness of the film, though. By exposing a thicker film, to be observed by reflection rather than by transparency, Gabriel Lippmann discovered interferential color photography, which he was awarded the Nobel prize for. Wiener contributed to Lippmann's theory thereafter.
Further repetitions of the experiment
Repetition of the experiment under different conditions was carried out by Leistner, a Wiener's student, to better characterize the radiation. Leistner modified a Mach–Zehnder interferometer so as to insert the film between the mirrors. Another repetition was the thesis of Ernst Schult, commissioned by Nernst and Max von Laue for comparing light intensity with the energy as measured with a micropyrometer, along the verification of the energy quantization hypothesis with respect to the simple wave theory. A further notable repetition, aimed at evaluating the dependence of a cesium film's photoelectric emission upon illumination conditions. Ives and Fry controlled bands formation using a thicker film to be dissected upon development. More recent repetitions avail of laser technology.
Bibliography
Die Erweiterung unserer Sinne, Academic inaugural lecture held on 19 May 1900. Leipzig 1900th, Leipzig 1900.
Der Zusammenhang zwischen den Angaben der Reflexionsbeobachtungen an Metallen und ihrer optischen Konstanten, Teubner 1908.
Über Farbenphotographie und verwandte naturwissenschaftliche Fragen, Paper presented at the 80th Scientific Congress at Cologne on the Rhine in the general meeting of the two main groups on 24 September 1908, in: Verh. der Ges. Dt. Naturforscher und Ärzte. 80. Vers. zu Köln. Tl. 1. Vogel, Leipzig 1909.
Vogelflug, Luftfahrt und Zukunft, mit einem Anhang über Krieg und Völkerfriede. Barth, Leipzig 1911.
Die Theorie des Mischkörpers für das Feld der stationären Strömung. 1. Abhandlung: Die Mittelwertsätze für Kraft, Polarisation und Energie. Transactions of the mathematical-physical class of the Royal Saxon Society of Sciences, Volume 32, No. 6, Leipzig 1912.
Physik und Kulturentwicklung durch technische und wissenschaftliche Erweiterung der menschlichen Naturanlagen, Leipzig, Berlin 1919.
Fliegerkraftlehre, Hirzel, Leipzig 1920. (Works on aeronautical problems, introduction to aviation and aerodynamics for aspiring pilots.)
Das Grundgesetz der Natur und die Erhaltung der absoluten Geschwindigkeit im Äther, Transactions of the Saxon Academy of Sciences, Mathematics and Physical Class IV, Teubner, Leipzig 1921.
Schwingungen elastischer Art im kräftefreien Strömungsäther, in: Phys. Zeitschrift, vol. 25, 1924, pp. 552–559.
Weiten, Zeiten, Geschwindigkeiten. Ein Gespräch über grundlegende naturwissenschaftliche Fragen, Düsseldorf 1925.
Natur und Mensch. Die Naturwissenschaften und ihre Anwendungen. 4 vols. Edited by CW Schmidt Edit. by HH Kritzinger, CW Schmidt, Otto Wiener, Hugo Kauffmann, K. Keilhack, G. Kraitschek, F. Cappeller, C. Schäffer including de Gruyter, Berlin 1926–1931.
Zur Theorie des Strömungsäthers. In: Phys. Zeitschrift, vol. 26. 1928, S. 73–78.
References
External links
Classic Science Paper: Otto Wiener’s experiment (1890), Skulls in the Stars
1862 births
1927 deaths
19th-century German physicists
Academic staff of the University of Giessen
Academic staff of Leipzig University
20th-century German physicists
People from the Grand Duchy of Baden |
This is the progression of world record improvements of the 400 metres M85 division of Masters athletics.
Key
References
Masters Athletics 400 m list
Masters athletics world record progressions |
Trena Mary Cox (1895–1980) was an English stained glass artist.
She was born Emma Trina Cox on 3 March 1895, in the Lower Bebington Urban District (i.e. not Bebbington), on the Wirral Peninsula and grew up around Birkenhead. She trained at the Laird School of Art. In 1924 she moved to Chester and set up her studio in Victoria Road Chester, Cheshire, either adjacent to, or within, the Kaleyard works of Williams, Gamon & Co., with whom she remained associated until the Second World War. In about 1945, Trena Cox moved to 96 Watergate Street, Chester, which remained her home and, at least later, her studio, until she retired in 1972 (at the age of 77) and died, on 11 February 1980 (not in 1977, as frequently quoted). Most of her works are in churches in the old counties of Cheshire and Lancashire. She was a fellow of the British Society of Master Glass Painters. The authors of the Buildings of England series comment that "her windows are usually small, her figures modest, often with small-scale detail in the quarries" (small pieces of square or diamond-shaped glass set diagonally).
Until the publication of Jones (2012), there was very little coherent information available about the life of Trena Cox and errors in some earlier references, concerning, for example, the year of her death, have unfortunately been perpetuated by later authors.
Selected works
Notes
References
Citations
Sources
1895 births
1980 deaths
20th-century English women artists
British stained glass artists and manufacturers
People from the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral |
The Vinchurkar family is a prominent Maratha family of Nobles, Sardars, Patil, Jagirdars, Mankaris of Vinchur during Maratha Empire, East India Company and British Raj times.
History
Under Maratha Empire
The Vinchurkar family rose to importance in the middle of the eighteenth century when Vithal Shivdev Vinchurkar was at its head, he distinguished himself at the siege of Ahmadabad in 1755, and accompanied the Maratha army in the fatal expedition which ended in the defeat of Panipat. The Vinchurkars hail from Vinchur village of Maratha Empire (now part of Maharashtra). However Nasik district was the home of the well-known Sardar Vinchurkar family. The Vinchurkars held forty five villages in Nasik as well as elsewhere in Maratha Empire of which Yeola was one.
The Vinchurkar family also played a crucial role in the Third Battle of Panipat which took place on 14 January 1761, Where the army of Marathas fought Afghan invader Ahmad Shah Durrani.
Vitthal Narsingh Vinchurkar was the Sardar of Peshwa and one of the grandees of Maratha Empire who continued to be loyal to Peshwa almost to the bitter end. The Vinchurkars have their land of and in Khandesh.
Under East India Company
After the defeat of Bajirao II by Yashwantrao Holkar at the Battle of Poona, Bajirao II fled to British protection, and in December 1802, concluded the Treaty of Bassein with the British East India Company, ceding territory for the maintenance of a subsidiary force and agreeing to treaty with no other power. This provoked the Second Anglo-Maratha War that began the breakup of the Maratha confederacy. Holkar appointed Amrutrao as the Peshwa and went to Indore on 13 March 1803.
When Bajirao II surrendered to John Malcolm, Vitthal Narsing Vinchurkar was present. He tendered his submission to Sir John Malcolm when his master the Peshwa accepted the Malcolm's terms.
Sir John Malcolm believed that Narsing Vinchurkar was to a large extent responsible for influencing Bajirao II for accepting the Malcolm's terms. According to these terms jagir of Vinchurkars was restored to them by the British.
The British reinstated Bajirao II as the Peshwa at Pune on 13 May 1803. During his second reign of Bajirao II began the Third Anglo-Maratha War. After the defeat at the Battle of Koregaon in January 1818, The British took over his dominion and made the Maratha King Pratap Singh of Satara declare in favour of the British. This ended the Peshwa's legal position as head of the Maratha confederacy.
Under British Raj
The Vinchurkars are classified as first class Sardars under British Raj. One of the member of Vinchurkar family,
Sardar Madhavrao Vithal Vinchurkar along with Jugannath Sunkarset, and Rushtomji Jamshesji were appointed to the Council of the Governor of Bombay. Sardar Raghunathrao Vitthal Vinchurkar was the Jagirdar of Vinchur. He was awarded the title Umdut-ul-Mulk by the British Raj. Raghunathrao Vinchurkar was also awarded the medal Order of the Star of India (C.S.I) by the British for his excellence in the service. Sardar Krishnarao Vitthal Vinchurkar was appointed as Sub-Judge as 1st Class under 2nd Grade for Satara by the British Raj.
Note:The names mentioned above Sardar Bahadur Raghunathrao Vitthal Vinchurkar, Sardar Krishnarao Vitthal Vinchurkar and Sardar Madhavrao Vitthal Vinchurkar are the sons of Sardar Bahadur Vitthalrao Vinchurkar.
Family tree
The family tree of Vinchurkar family is collected from the book Brief story of the Vinchoorkar family by S. R. Vinchoorkar.
First generation
Vitthal Shivdev – founder of Vinchurkar family
Second generation
Shivaji Vitthal
Narsinghrao
Malharrao
Bajirao
Khanderao
Third generation
Narsing Khanderao – son of Khanderao
Fourth generation
Vitthalrao – Son of Narsing Khanderao
Fifth generation
Vitthalrao married and had three sons
Raghunathrao
Krishnarao
Madhavrao
References
External links
History of Pune
Indian families
Hindu families
People from the Maratha Empire
Indian Hindus |
```java
/*
*
* This program and the accompanying materials are made
* which is available at path_to_url
*
*/
package org.eclipse.milo.opcua.sdk.server.identity;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
import org.eclipse.milo.opcua.sdk.server.Session;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
public class X509IdentityValidator extends AbstractX509IdentityValidator {
private final Predicate<X509Certificate> predicate;
public X509IdentityValidator(Predicate<X509Certificate> predicate) {
this.predicate = predicate;
}
@Nullable
@Override
protected Object authenticateIdentityCertificate(Session session, X509Certificate identityCertificate) {
if (predicate.test(identityCertificate)) {
return identityCertificate;
} else {
return null;
}
}
}
``` |
Dimitrios Dimitriou (, sometimes spelled Dimitrija Demeter or Dimitrije Demeter; 21 July 1811 – 24 June 1872) was a Greek Croatian poet, dramatist, short story writer and literary critic. One of the most learned people of his time, he played a major role in the movement for the national awakening of the Croatian nation (then under Austro-Hungarian rule) as part of what he and his close friend and colleague Ljudevit Gaj called the Illyrian people by imposing the Croatian language in the local literacy and with the creation of the Croatian National Theatre in Zagreb. His political activism for a Croatian national revival dealt through his participation in many patriotic pamphlets, most notably the Narodne novine and Hrvatski Sokol among many others.
Biography
He was born in a wealthy merchant family of Greek origin. His parents Theodoros () and Afrati () came to Austria-Hungary at 1790 from the city of Siatista, then under Ottoman rule. He studied philosophy in Graz and medicine in Vienna and Padua. He earned his doctoral degree in Padua with thesis under the title De Meningitide. During his studies he practiced his literary work and after his return to Croatia he joined the Illyrian movement. At first he worked as a physician and from 1841 his main preoccupation was literary work.
Demeter began his literary career writing Greek poetry from a very early age. He wrote his first drama "Βιργινία" (Virginia) at the age of 16 (also in the Greek language). In his most known drama Teuta, which functioned as the first national drama of the Croats, he advocates the idea about Illyrian origin of all South Slavs. He also wrote short stories, feuilletons, literary critics, librettos for Vatroslav Lisinski opera's Ljubav i zloba and Porin and for his dramas Dramatička pokušenja I. (1834) and Dramatička pokušenja II. (1844). In his texts he tried to join the tradition of the old Croatian literature with tendentions in European drama. He mostly used historical subjects to express his patriotic aspirations and to speak out about the current social situation in society. His role in organizing the cultural life in Zagreb and Croatia was of extreme significance. He was also editor or various almanacs of patriotic orientation: Iskra, Südslavische Zeitung, Danica ilirska, Narodne novine and Hrvatski Sokol.
One of his most known works is his early Romantic poem Grobnik field (near Rijeka) written in 1842 for the 600th anniversary of the Battle of Grobnik field where according to legend Croats defeated the invading Tatars. This works shows it was written by an extremely talented writer, although it was only his literary debut. In it two main motives interweave: the motive of countryside and the motive of patriotism. Also inspired by Byron the concept of worldwide pain appears. Demeter used 10-syllable verse and 12-syllable verse to avoid monotonous routine of traditional folk songs while emphasizing characterization and strong characters of the main heroes and their passion. Instead of narrative epic tendency he gives to his poems a strong dramatic characteristics which reminds us Byron's literary work.
Demeter's main spiritual vision emphasizes on the general problems of humanity styling on the battle between good and evil where at the end the good always prevails. This type of Demeter's poems in many of his works, both by verse and rhyme, announces the most important literary work in Croatian literature of the time: the epic poem The Death of Smail-aga Čengić written by Ivan Mažuranić in 1845. Among Demeter's poems a special place also takes his Pjesma Hrvata (Song of the Croats) which is an 8-syllable verse most known by its starting verse "Prosto zrakom ptica leti".
Dimitrija Demeter was also one of the founders of the Croatian National Theatre (Hrvatsko Narodno Kazalište - HNK). When the Croatian Parliament founded the permanent theatre, Demeter was appointed as both its manager and its dramatist. 35 years after his death, in 1907, Demeter's award for drama was established which stood until nowadays.
Demeter died in Zagreb on 24 June 1872 and since he was a Greek-Orthodox he was originally buried at the Eastern Orthodox cemetery in Pantovčak neighborhood. Upon the closure of most old cemeteries in Zagreb in the 1870s and the designation of Mirogoj Cemetery as the primary municipal cemetery, his remains were moved to Mirogoj several years later, where they are still kept today. His bust decorates the yard of Croatian National Theatre in Zagreb.
See also
Vienna Literary Agreement
Petar Preradović
Vladan Desnica
Lavoslav Vukelić
References
1811 births
1872 deaths
Writers from Zagreb
Croatian people of Greek descent
Croatian dramatists and playwrights
Croatian male poets
People of the Illyrian movement
Burials at Mirogoj Cemetery
Opera librettists
19th-century Croatian poets
19th-century dramatists and playwrights
19th-century male writers |
Hádoc is a documentary film festival held in Leira, Portugal. Founded in 2012, the film festival is produced by the Leira Cultural Association ecO to promote documentary cinema and create a space for debate and reflection. For celebrating the ten years of the festival, seven films were projected in the Theater Miguel Franco.
See also
List of Documentary Film Festivals
External links
ecO Associaçao
Hádoc Official Website
References
Film festivals in Portugal
Documentary film festivals in Portugal |
The 1st Army Corps () was first formed before World War I. During World War II it fought in the Campaign for France in 1940, on the Mediterranean islands of Corsica and Elba in 1943 - 1944 and in the campaigns to liberate France in 1944 and invade Germany in 1945.
World War I
The Corps saw service throughout the entirety of World War I. During the Battles of St. Quentin and Guise, the 1st Corps forced Karl von Bülow's German Second Army into retreat in what historian Stuart Robson called "the last old-style Napoleonic infantry charge in history." This forced Alexander von Kluck to divert his First Army as a reinforcement, preventing the Imperial German Army from encircling Paris and overrunning France under the Schlieffen Plan.
The Corps participated in the Battle of Passchendaele as part of the French First Army. At the time, the Corps comprised the 1st, 2nd, 51st and 162nd Infantry Divisions. Its troops came from the 1st military region of the Metropolitan Army, which covered the départements of Nord & Pas-de-Calais.
Commanders in WW I
20 November 1913 : général Franchet d'Espérey
3 September 1914 : Général Deligny
25 February 1915 : général Guillaumat
17 December 1916 : Général de Riols de Fonclare
25 January 1917 : Général Muteau
19 April 1917 : Général Lacapelle
11 February 1919 : Général Nollet
World War II
1940 Campaign
1st Army Corps was constituted on August 27, 1939, in Lille under the command of Major General Sciard as part of the French mobilization for war. Initially assigned as part of the French First Army, the corps was transferred to the French Seventh Army and moved to coastal regions near Calais and Dunkerque by mid-November 1939. On May 10, 1940, the Corps commanded the 25th Motorised Infantry Division (25e DIM) in addition to its organic units.
With the German invasion violating the neutrality of Belgium and the Netherlands on May 10, 1940, the 1st Army Corps moved into Belgium with the goal of gaining contact with the Dutch Army. This was achieved on May 12 near Breda, but the general failure of the Allies to hold the German advance mandated early retreats so that the 1st Army Corps would not be cut off. Breda fell to the Germans on May 13 and the corps conducted a fighting withdrawal through Dorp and Wuustwezel to the fortified zone of Antwerp, Belgium. During May 15–17, the corps defended the Scheldt Estuary with the 60th and 21st Infantry Divisions (60e DI and 21e DI), but was ordered to retreat back into France on May 18.
The period from May 19–26 saw the corps falling back to the line of the river Somme, where the French Army intended to make a major stand. Because of German advances, the 1st Army Corps had to deploy its divisional reconnaissance units to cover positions on the river that the slower-moving infantry divisions (4th Colonial Infantry Division - 4e DIC, 7th North African Infantry Division - 7e DINA, and the 19e DI) could then occupy. This required combat with the Germans, but the corps reached positions near Le Hamel, Aubigny, and along the road between Amiens and Saint-Quentin. During May 24–25, troops of the corps seized and lost Aubigny twice. The Germans, however, had held onto a large bridgehead at Peronne. The Germans broke out of this bridgehead on June 5, 1940, and continued their advance into the heart of France. A counterattack by armored elements of the corps on June 6 was halted by the Germans.
From June 9, the corps was involved in a succession of withdrawals that were meant to form lines of defense along the rivers Avre, Oise, Nonette, Seine, and Loire. The crossing of the Oise River was made under German air attack, some bridges were destroyed by the Luftwaffe, and portions of the corps' infantry had to surrender north of the Oise.
After the Germans crossed the Loire on June 18, the 19e DI of the corps was largely destroyed near La Ferté. This was followed by capture of the bulk of the infantry of the 29th (29e DI) and 47th Infantry Divisions (47e DI) on June 19 near Lamotte-Beuvron. The final week of the campaign was a constant retreat for the remnants of the corps, with elements crossing the river Dordogne near Bergerac on June 24, 1940. The following day, an armistice was declared and the corps assembled in the region of Miallet and Thiviers.
On July 1, Brigadier General Trancart assumed command of the corps. The 1st Army Corps was demobilized on July 10, 1940.
Corsica 1943
The 1st Army Corps was reconstituted on August 16, 1943, in Ain-Taya, French Algeria. Now commanded by Lieutenant General Martin the primary combat units of the corps were provided American equipment and weapons as part of the rearmament of the French Army of Africa.
During the Allied invasion of Italy the 1st Army Corps, comprising Headquarters, 4th Moroccan Mountain Division (4e DMM), the 1st Regiment of Moroccan Tirailleurs (1er RTM), the 4th Regiment of Moroccan Spahis (4e RSM) (light tank), the 2nd Group of Moroccan Tabors (2e GTM), the Commandos de Choc battalion and the 3rd Battalion, 69th Mountain Artillery Regiment (69e RAM), landed on Fascist-occupied Corsica in the same month. To the south, the German 90. Panzergrenadier-Division and the Reichsführer-SS assault infantry brigade were evacuating Sardinia and landing on the southern coast of Corsica. Wishing to cut off the German troops, and informed on September 10, 1943, that the Royal Italian Army troops on Corsica were willing to fight on the side of the Allies, the French launched Operation Vésuve and landed elements of the 1st Army Corps at Ajaccio on September 13, meeting Corsican partisans who also wanted enemy troops off the island.
German General Fridolin von Senger und Etterlin hoped to obtain reinforcements with which to hold the island. After the Germans began disarming Italian soldiers, General Magli of the Italian Army ordered Italian forces to consider the Germans as an enemy rather than as allies. Thereafter, Italian units on the island cooperated with the French forces. Surprising the Italian Friuli Division in the northern port of Bastia on the night of September 13, 1943, the SS troops took 2,000 Italian prisoners and secured the port from which the Germans could evacuate their forces. Although supported by the Royal Navy, the French were unable to land forces quickly enough on Corsica to prevent the bulk of the German troops from reaching their exit ports on the east coast of the island. The final combat took place around Bastia, with the island secured by French forces on October 4, 1943. The bulk of the German forces, however, had made good their escape. The Germans took 700 casualties and lost 350 men to POW camps. The Italians lost 800 men in the fighting (mostly Friuli Division troops), and the French had 75 killed, 12 missing, and 239 wounded. From October 1943 until May 1944, the 1st Army Corps defended Corsica, conducted training, and moved units between Corsica and North Africa. On April 18, 1944, the 1st Army Corps was subordinated to General de Lattre's Armée B.
Elba 1944
Following the liberation of Corsica, the French proposed to invade the island of Elba, possession of which would allow the Allies to dominate by gunfire ships in the Piombino Channel and vehicles on the coastal road of the Italian Peninsula, both transportation arteries essential to the supply of German Wehrmacht forces in western Italy. Initially, the proposal was denied by General Eisenhower, who considered it a dispersal of resources while the planning for the Anzio landings was underway. After British General Sir Henry Maitland Wilson took over the Mediterranean Theater, however, attitudes at Allied headquarters changed and the operation was approved. By this time, though, the Germans had strongly fortified Elba, an island dominated by rugged terrain in any case, making the assault considerably more difficult.
At 0400 hours on June 17, 1944, the 1st Army Corps assaulted Elba in Operation Brassard. French forces comprised the 9th Colonial Infantry Division (9e DIC), two battalions of French commandos (Commandos d'Afrique and Commandos de Choc), a battalion and supplementary battery of the Colonial Artillery Regiment of Morocco (R.A.C.M.) and the 2nd Group of Moroccan Tabors (2e GTM), in addition to 48 men from "A" and "O" commandos of the Royal Navy. French Choc (lightly armed fighters who had the mission of operating behind enemy lines) units landed at multiple points before the main landing force and neutralized coastal artillery batteries. Landing in the Gulf of Campo on the south coast, the French initially ran into difficulties because of the German fortifications and extremely rugged terrain that ringed the landing area. Falling back on an alternate plan, the landing beach was shifted to the east, near Nercio, and here the troops of the 9th Colonial Infantry Division seized a viable beachhead. Within two hours, French commandos reached the crest of the 400-meter Monte Tambone Ridge overlooking the landing areas. The RN commandos boarded and seized the German Flak ship Köln and also landed to guide in other troops headed for the beaches, but a massive blast from a German demolition charge killed 38 of their men. Portoferraio was taken by the 9th Division on June 18 and the island was largely secured by the following day. Fighting in the hills between the Germans and the Senegalese colonial infantry was vicious, with the Senegalese employing flamethrowers to clear entrenched German troops.
The Germans defended Elba with two infantry battalions, fortified coastal areas, and several coastal artillery batteries totaling some 60 guns of medium and heavy caliber. In the fighting, the French seized the island, killing 500 German and Italian defenders, and taking 1,995 of them prisoner. French losses were 252 killed and missing, and 635 men wounded in action, while the British lost 38 of their 48 commandos, with nine others wounded by the blast of the demolition charge.
France 1944
Following the successful Operation Dragoon landings in southern France, the headquarters of the 1st Army Corps was assembled at Aix, France on September 1, 1944, to command troops as a subordinate corps of the French First Army. 1st Army Corps was now under the command of Lieutenant General Émile Béthouart, a veteran of the 1940 campaign in Norway and an officer who had actively assisted the Allied landings in French North Africa in November 1942. For the remainder of the war in Europe, many French divisions would be subordinated to 1st Army Corps, but the divisions that spent the most time with the corps were the 2nd Moroccan Infantry Division (2e DIM), the 9th Colonial Infantry Division (9e DIC), the 4th Moroccan Mountain Division (4e DMM), and the 1st Armoured Division (1re DB).
1st Army Corps drove north along the east bank of the river Rhône, but the push lacked strength as the 4e DMM was still deploying to France (and would be further engaged securing the alpine frontier with Italy for several months) and the 1re DB was still assembling in southern France. In mid-September, the corps secured the Lomont Mountains, a range about long running from the river Doubs to the Swiss border. German resistance was spotty in September, but rapidly coalesced in front of the Belfort Gap, a corridor of relatively flat terrain that lies between the Vosges and Jura mountains on the Swiss frontier, and a gateway to the river Rhine. Operating with one division and experiencing the same logistics problems as other Allied units in Europe, the advance of the 1st Army Corps was slowed in front of the Belfort Gap by the German 11. Panzer-Division.
Compounding the distance that supplies had to travel from the ports in southern France were the north–south railway lines with destroyed bridges and sections of track. Early October 1944 also saw the unseasonably early arrival of cold and wet weather more characteristic of November. All of these factors served to force a halt to the 1st Army Corps' advance in October while the corps improved its supply situations and resolved manpower issues caused by the French high command's decision to rotate the Senegalese troops to the south and replace them with French Forces of the Interior manpower. The supply situation had improved by early November, coinciding with orders from General Eisenhower, now in charge of all Allied forces in northwestern Europe, directing a general offensive all along the Western Front.
Believing that the relative inactivity of 1st Army Corps meant the corps was digging in for the winter, the Germans reduced their forces in the Belfort Gap to a single, not-at-full strength infantry division. The 1st Army Corps launched their attack to force the Belfort Gap on November 13, 1944. By a stroke of fate, the French attack caught the German division commander near the front lines, who perished under a hail of Moroccan gunfire. The same attack narrowly missed capturing the commander of the German IV. Luftwaffen-Feldkorps. Although desperate German troops formed islands of resistance, most notably at the fortified city of Belfort, troops of the 2e DIM, 9e DIC, and the 1re DB pushed through gaps in the German lines, disrupting their defense and keeping the battle mobile. French tanks moved through the Belfort Gap and reached the Rhine at Huningue on November 19.
The battle cut off the German 308. Grenadier-Regiment on November 24, forcing the German troops to either surrender or intern themselves in Switzerland. On November 25, 1st Army Corps units liberated both Mulhouse (taken by a surprise armored drive) and Belfort (taken by assault of the 2e DIM). Realizing the German defense had been too static for their own good, General De Lattre (commander of the French First Army) directed both corps of his army to close on Burnhaupt in order to encircle the German LXIII. Armeekorps (the former IV. Luftwaffe Korps). This maneuver succeeded on November 28, 1944, and resulted in the capture of over 10,000 German troops, crippling the LXIII. Armeekorps. French losses, however, had also been significant, and plans to immediately clear the Alsatian Plain of German forces had to be shelved while both sides gathered strength for the next battles.
The November offensives of the French First Army and the U.S. Seventh Army had collapsed the German presence in Alsace to a roughly circular pocket around the town of Colmar on the Alsatian Plain. This Colmar Pocket contained the German 19. Armee. As the southernmost corps of Allied forces in northwestern Europe, the French 1st Army Corps now faced the Rhine at Huningue and held Mulhouse and the southern boundary of the Colmar Pocket. A French offensive in mid-December designed to collapse the Colmar Pocket failed for lack of offensive power and the requirement to cover more of the Allied front line as U.S. units were shifted north in response to the Ardennes Offensive. On January 1, 1945, the Germans launched Operation Nordwind, an offensive with the goal of recapturing Alsace. After the U.S. Seventh and French First Armies had held and turned back this offensive, the Allies were ready to reduce the Colmar Pocket once and for all.
The 1st Army Corps led the attack against the Colmar Pocket on January 20, 1945. Fighting in woodlands and dense urban areas, the 1st Army Corps' attack stalled after the first day, meeting a German defense in depth and attracting German 19. Armee reinforcements. By the end of the month, however, other attacks by U.S. and French forces against the Colmar Pocket had forced the Germans to redistribute their troops, and an early February attack by the 1st Army Corps moved north through weak German resistance, reaching the bridge over the Rhine at Chalampé and making contact with the U.S. XXI Corps at Rouffach, south of Colmar. The final German forces in the 1st Army Corps' area retreated over the Rhine into Baden on February 9, 1945. Thereafter, the thrust of the Allied offensive moved to the north, and the 1st Army Corps was assigned the defense of the Rhine from the area south of Strasbourg to the Swiss frontier until mid-April 1945.
Germany 1945
On April 15, 1st Army Corps was given the mission of crossing the Rhine, traversing the Black Forest, and sweeping South Baden of German Army troops. The 4e DMM drove directly on Freudenstadt, an important Black Forest road junction, capturing it on April 17, 1945. The 9e DIC, crossing the Rhine north of Karlsruhe, raced south along the east bank of the Rhine and then swung east, paralleling the course of the Swiss frontier. From Freudenstadt, the 4e DMM turned south and met the 9e DIC near Döggingen on April 29, cutting off the German XVIII. SS-Armeekorps in the Black Forest. Frantic attempts at escape by the encircled German troops came to naught among French roadblocks and the formidable terrain of the forest, and they were left no options save death or surrender.
From Freudenstadt, elements of the 1re DB pushed east and south, capturing Ulm on April 24, and then pushed south again with elements of the 2e DIM into the Alps, crossing into Austria and marching into Sankt-Anton on May 7, 1945. Elements of the 5e DB and the 4e DMM drove southeast along the north shore of Lake Constance, capturing Bregenz and then turning east toward Sankt-Anton. The following day was VE Day, ending Allied military operations in Europe.
During the course of its operations in France and Germany in 1944 - 1945, the 1st Army Corps lost 3,518 men killed, 13,339 wounded, and 1,449 missing, for a total of 18,306 casualties. Although not all casualties inflicted on the Germans by 1st Army Corps are known, the corps is credited with taking 101,556 Germans prisoner during the campaigns to liberate France and invade Germany.
Commanders in WW II
2 September 1939 - 2 July 1940 : Général Sciard
2–10 July 1940 : Général Trancart
.
30 August 1943 - 10 August 1944 : Général Martin
10 August 1944 - 8 July 1945 : Général Béthouart
1 September 1945 - 6 June 1946 : Général Sevez
Postwar
After VE Day, the 1st Army Corps occupied Baden along with parts of Württemberg and Austria as the French occupation zone in Germany, with corps headquarters initially in Ravensburg. On July 16, 1945, the 1st Army Corps was renamed "Army Corps of the South" (). General Béthouart became the commander of French forces in Austria and the High Commissioner for France in Austria until 1950. 1st Army Corps was inactivated on April 30, 1946.
It was reformed later during the Cold War, with corps headquarters being at Nancy in 1970. In 1977, the corps was fused with the 6th Military Region, and the artillery commandant took up quarters in the Chateau of Mercy (Ars-Laquenexy). Genérals Faverdin, Bonmati, D'HULST, BARASCUD, MARTINIE and DELISSNYDER succeeded him there. However, by 1984 the corps headquarters and military region HQ had been split again.
From circa 1965 to 1978 it included the 8th Division (with 4th and 14th Brigades) until the 8th Division, later the 8th Armoured Division, was disestablished in the small divisions reorganisation of the late 1970s.
In 1989 it had its HQ at Metz with the 1st Armoured Division at Trier (Germany), the 7th Armoured Division at Besançon, 12th Light Armoured Division at Saumur, and the 14th Light Armoured Division at Montpellier. The headquarters staff of the 12e Division légère blindée was to be mobilized in time of war from the Armoured and Cavalry Branch Training School headquarters in Saumur.
The corps was again disbanded in 1990, seemingly on 1 July 1990.
References
Citations
Sources
L'Armée de la Victoire (Four volumes). Paul Gaugac. , Paris: Charles Lavauzelle, 1985.
Guerre 1939 - 1945. Les Grandes Unités Françaises (Volumes I, IV, V-I, and V-III). Armée de Terre, Service Historique. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1976.
The History of the French First Army. Jean de Lattre de Tassigny. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd, 1952.
History of the Great War - Military Operations: France and Belgium, 1917, Volume II. J. E. Edmonds, 1948
Riviera to the Rhine (U.S. Army in World War II Series). Jeffrey J. Clarke and Robert Ross Smith. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1993.
Biographical data for World War II Generals
001
Military units and formations established in 1939
Military units and formations disestablished in 1990
1939 establishments in France
Corps of France |
Mirah (formerly Duby) has been a programming language based on Ruby language syntax, local type inference, hybrid static–dynamic type system, and a pluggable compiler toolchain. Mirah was created by Charles Oliver Nutter to be "a 'Ruby-like' language, probably a subset of Ruby syntax, that [could] compile to solid, fast, idiomatic JVM bytecode." The word refers to the gemstone ruby in the Javanese language, a play on the concept of Ruby in Java.
History
To foster more participation in the JRuby project from Ruby community members, Nutter began to explore the possibility of presenting Ruby syntax, but with a static type model and direct-to-native compiling. In this context, "native" meant mainly the Java virtual machine (JVM), but Mirah has been designed around the possibility of having alternative backends for other object-oriented runtimes like the Common Language Runtime (CLR) of the .NET Framework. The language needed to look and feel like Ruby, and to introduce no new library dependencies into JRuby (which precludes most other JVM languages) and to suffer no performance penalty (which precludes writing in Ruby).
Early versions of Mirah (then Duby) focused mostly on mathematical performance, where dynamic programming languages often pay the highest cost. Since then it has evolved into a full JVM language, with several users and real-world applications using it for core components.
Design
Mirah is mostly a pluggable compiler toolchain. The main elements of the chain are:
A parser, based on JRuby's parser, that emits a Ruby abstract syntax tree (AST)
A transformer that converts the Ruby AST into a Mirah AST
A type inferrer that decorates the Mirah AST with appropriate typing information for the target backend
A backend code generator
Of these phases, only the last two need specific knowledge of the eventual target platform. This makes Mirah suitable for many backends, and also makes it possible to write language plug-ins for Mirah's transformation phase that will apply to all supported backends equally.
For simple pieces of code and the JVM bytecode backend, the Mirah compiler emits nearly the same instructions as standard javac compilers.
No runtime library
Because Mirah is just a compiler, it ships no standard library. The intent is that Mirah users will choose what libraries they want to use, perhaps write plugins for the Mirah compiler to support them, and the compiler will do the rest. This is an explicit design goal, avoid introducing a requirement on any new external library. The standard library for Mirah, then, is whatever the standard library for the current backend is, and emphasis is placed on writing compiler plugins rather than libraries to extend and enhance the language.
Type system
Mirah does not impose a specific type system on users, instead relying on whatever the target backend provides. On the JVM, the type system is largely Java's type system, and type declarations refer to JVM classes, primitives, and interfaces.
Mirah is primarily a statically-typed language, but support is in development to allow dynamic typing also. The mechanism is similar to that provided in C# 4, with a special dynamic type indicating all dispatches against that variable's value should be done dynamically. Dynamic type support is currently planned only for Java 7 and higher, using the new invokedynamic bytecode.
Syntax
The syntax of Mirah is largely the same as the syntax of Ruby, but with a few modifications to support static typing:
Method parameters usually need to have their types declared:def foo(a:String, b:int)
Because several transformations occur in the Mirah compiler toolchain, some strings that are valid identifiers in Ruby are treated as keywords in Mirah, such as the word interface used to specify a JVM-style interface.
Outside of these differences, Mirah code generally looks like Ruby code:
def fib(a:int)
if a < 2
a
else
fib(a - 1) + fib(a - 2)
end
end
Status
, Mirah is under development, but some developers are using Mirah for production applications of limited scope.
Frameworks
Dubious
Dubious is a project for running Mirah on Google App Engine. It provides a way to build apps in Mirah, with conventions familiar to developers using Ruby on Rails and Sinatra. Since everything is compiled ahead-of-time, Mirah applications have none of the initializing costs associated with JRuby. Dubious supports ERuby (ERb) and has a simple datastore adapter that uses a syntax similar to Datamapper.
See also
List of JVM languages
References
External links
Introduction to Mirah by Charles Nutter - Dr. Dobb's, March 25, 2011
Breaking the Rules - Making Java Fun with Mirah - Roja Buck, Mar 20, 2011
A Blend of Java and Ruby - The Mirah Language - InfoQ, July 27, 2010
Mirah brings Ruby niceties to Java - InfoWorld. July 23, 2010
"Mirah: Taking Performance to the Next Level with Java's Ruby" - O'Reilly Media, July, 2010
Introducing Duby, Ryan Brown
"Ruby Mutants Presentation", Railsconf 2009
Dubious framework
Video presentation: JRuby, Duby, and Surinx: Building a Better Ruby
Video Lightning talk: Rails Underground 2009 - Charles Nutter on Charles Nutter - Duby and Juby Languages
What does Mirah offer over JRuby, Groovy and Scala?
JVM programming languages
Scripting languages
Object-oriented programming languages
Java programming language family
Software using the Apache license
Programming languages created in 2008 |
The 1905 Snyder, Oklahoma, tornado was a powerful tornado that struck the town of Snyder, Oklahoma, in Kiowa County on Wednesday, May 10, 1905. The event was one of the worst natural disasters ever to hit the state of Oklahoma. The cyclone killed 97 people, making it the second most deadly tornado in Oklahoma history. The tornado was part of a larger, multiple-day tornado outbreak that hit several states across the Midwestern United States, including Kansas, Oklahoma, and Missouri.
Meteorological synopsis
The tornado was caused by a strong low pressure system that developed across the Rocky Mountains, near Denver, Colorado. Another storm was also located across Wyoming on May 9. Tornadoes formed on that day across several Plains states including Missouri, Oklahoma, and Kansas. The Colorado storm system then moved toward the Central and Southern Plains on the next day and affected areas slightly to the east of the area affected on May 9. A new trough of low pressure developed in the vicinity of the southern storm. It later moved across the Oklahoma and Texas Panhandles.
As happened on numerous other occasions, such storms produced a large moist and warm flow from the Gulf of Mexico as well as much instability in the atmosphere. Being in May, storm systems produced large contrasts of temperatures, which added more ingredients for the development of powerful thunderstorms with possible damaging tornadoes. Such was the case on May 10, 1905.
Snyder tornado
Prior to the Snyder tornado, a first tornado developed at 6:45 PM CST near Carmel in Greer County, which is about one hour northwest of Wichita Falls, Texas. This tornado killed at least 10 people. Numerous homes, farmsteads and a school house sustained heavy damage or were destroyed. The tornado lifted near Lock (in Jackson County). A second and more destructive tornado touched down just after 8:00 PM CST near the Kiowa/Greer County line and merged with the remnants of the first cyclone. It also proceeded northeast across the Red River Valley and Otter Creek region. At around 8:45 PM CST (after dark), it struck the town of Snyder, killing 97 people. Structures in the western and northern part of the town were completely demolished, with some homes being swept away. One hundred homes were leveled and 150 were badly damaged. The tornado lifted northeast of Snyder shortly after 9:00 PM CST. Another tornado from a different supercell, which previously killed two in Elk City in Beckham County, killed three more in Quinlan, Oklahoma, which is about two hours northeast of Snyder.
Aftermath
In 1905, only telephones and telegraphs existed which made recovery efforts difficult, especially since both methods of communications were knocked out by the tornado. People had to walk to surrounding regions in order to get help and assistance. In the coming days, several neighboring towns across southern and central Oklahoma assisted in the recovery efforts, with doctors being assigned and many supplies shipped in by trains towards the devastated region. One of the doctors to respond to the area was Doctor George Fowler Border, of Mangum, Oklahoma, founder of the first hospital in the region.
Records and similar events
The Fujita scale was not established at that time, but due to the heavy damage, the tornado has been retroactively rated F5. In recorded history, the tornado was one of the deadliest in the state of Oklahoma. At the time the event occurred, it was the second deadliest F5 tornado ever, being surpassed by the 1899 New Richmond tornado which killed 117 (and still stands as the deadliest in Wisconsin history and 9th overall in the United States). The Snyder tornado was the deadliest in Oklahoma history until it was surpassed by the Woodward County tornado on April 9, 1947, which killed at least 181. It still stands today as the 2nd deadliest tornado ever in the state.
Another tornado, rated F4, was recorded in the immediate area on May 1, 1954. The tornado, which originated from North Texas, did not cause any fatalities in the Snyder area.
Other similar outbreaks, which had the same meteorological dynamics, include the 1955 Great Plains tornado outbreak - which killed 102 including 80 in Udall, Kansas, the 1979 Red River Valley tornado outbreak - which killed at least 54, including 42 in Wichita Falls, the Andover tornado outbreak - which killed 21, including 4 in Wichita and 13 in Andover, Kansas, the 1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak in 1999 - which killed 48 in and around Oklahoma City, Wichita and southern Tennessee, and the Greensburg, Kansas, outbreak in May 2007 - which killed 14, including 10 in Greensburg, Kansas. This last tornado was the first EF5 tornado under the new Enhanced Fujita scale, that started in the USA on February 1, 2007.
See also
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
List of F5 tornadoes
Snyder, Oklahoma
References
External links
NWS Norman, Oklahoma, page on the Snyder tornado
F5 tornadoes
20th-century tornadoes
1905 meteorology
Tornadoes in Oklahoma
Snyder, Oklahoma Tornado, 1905
1905 natural disasters in the United States
May 1905 events
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/99315021/ The Magnum Star newspaper, Magnum, Oklahoma. 18 May 1905, page 4 list 117 as dead, and that the national guard was called out to bury the dead. |
The Nancy Kissel murder case (officially called the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region v Nancy Ann Kissel) was a highly publicised criminal trial held in the High Court of Hong Kong, where American expatriate Nancy Ann Kissel (née Keeshin) was convicted of the murder of her husband, 40-year-old investment banker Robert Peter Kissel, in their apartment on 2 November 2003. It was arguably the highest profile criminal case involving an expatriate in Hong Kong's history, and was closely covered in the media.
Kissel was convicted of murder in 2005 and received a mandatory life sentence. The Court of Final Appeal overturned the conviction in February 2010, citing legal errors, and ordered a retrial. At the conclusion of the retrial on 25 March 2011, Kissel was again found guilty of her husband's murder and sentenced to life in prison. She is serving her sentence at Tai Lam Centre for Women.
Coincidentally Robert Kissel's brother, Andrew, a former American real estate developer, was murdered on 3 April 2006 in Greenwich, Connecticut, United States.
Murder
On a return trip to the U.S. in mid-2003, Nancy Kissel met and had an affair with Michael Del Priore, a twice-married electrical repairman who had rewired the Kissel home in Vermont. Robert Kissel became suspicious of his wife's infidelity and had hired a private detective, Frank Shea, to spy on her. Robert also secretly installed the spyware eBlaster on Nancy's computer. Nancy claimed that her husband had initiated proceedings for divorce and securing custody of their children.
Nancy drugged Robert by having their six-year-old daughter give him a strawberry milkshake laced with a cocktail of sedatives. When the drugs had taken effect and the children were out of the apartment, Nancy bludgeoned her husband to death. She then rolled up his body in a carpet and had it placed in their storeroom in the Parkview apartment complex.
After her arrest, Nancy admitted to killing Robert in self-defense, claiming that she was the victim of domestic violence including repeated acts of rape and sodomy over a five-year period. She further claimed that Robert habitually abused alcohol and cocaine.
The trial began in June 2005 at the High Court, with the prosecution alleging that Nancy murdered her husband; she pleaded not guilty. Nancy admitted under cross-examination that she had bludgeoned her husband to death, but maintained that she was defending herself and further claimed memory loss, testifying she had no knowledge of how she inflicted five head wounds with a heavy metal sculpture.
Nancy admitted to using Stilnox, one of the sedatives found in her husband's body, to doctor a bottle of malt whisky when they were living in Vermont in the hope that it would make her husband less aggressive toward their children, but testified it had had no effect on him. Regardless of that, Nancy admitted to trying the same thing in Hong Kong, but testified that when she saw the sediment it left at the bottom of the bottle, she poured out the drugged liquor, bought a new bottle and used it to partially fill up the old one, and then "never thought about it again". The Kissels' neighbor, Andrew Tanzer, testified he had become drowsy and then unconscious after sampling the milkshake. Nancy admitted making it for one of her children and a visiting child, but denied drugging it, stating she would never harm her children or anyone else's.
Trial and verdict
The case against Nancy Kissel was brought before Justice Michael Lunn. At the end of the trial, lasting 65 days, on 1 September 2005 the jury of five men and two women unanimously decided on her guilt after eight hours of deliberation. She was sentenced to life in prison.
Kissel appealed her conviction in April 2008. That petition was rejected. She then lodged an appeal with the Court of Final Appeal on 12 January 2010. The case was heard before a five-judge panel led by then-Chief Justice Andrew Li on 21 January. The defense argued that the prosecution had improperly used evidence, including hearsay, and that the original jury instructions were problematic. On 11 February 2010, the Court of Final Appeal quashed the conviction and ordered a retrial, citing prosecution use of inadmissible evidence. Kissel was permitted to seek bail, but ultimately chose not to apply.
Second indictment
Kissel was re-indicted on a single count of murder on 2 March 2010, with the retrial due to start on 10 January 2011.
According to the defense, Robert told his wife on the night of 2 November 2003, that he was filing for divorce and that she was unfit to care for their children. The defense also alleged she had long suffered from physical and sexual abuse. Nancy pleaded not guilty to murder, but guilty to manslaughter on the basis of diminished responsibility and provocation. She admitted to having an extramarital relationship with a TV repairman, and the prosecution alleged that she planned to run away with her lover in the U.S. after her husband's death, and that she stood to inherit her husband's estate worth US$18 million.
On 25 March 2011, after hearing evidence from over 50 prosecution and defense witnesses over ten weeks, the jury of seven women and two men unanimously found Kissel guilty as charged. She was sentenced to life imprisonment.
On 24 April 2014, the Court of Final Appeal refused to allow an appeal against the verdict of her 2011 retrial, rejecting the arguments of Kissel's lawyer, Edward Fitzgerald, that the prosecution was wrong to tell the retrial's jury that his client was not suffering any psychiatric illness and that the trial judge had erred in directing the jury.
"We are not persuaded that the two grounds submitted by the applicant are arguable," Justice Roberto Ribeiro said. He said that he and the court's two other judges, Justice Robert Tang Ching and Justice Joseph Fok, would hand down the reason for their decision later.
Media
In 2003 the murder of Kissel was the subject of a non-fiction book by Joe McGinniss, Never Enough. It was also dramatized in the 2008 Lifetime television film The Two Mr. Kissels, with Robin Tunney playing Nancy Kissel and Anson Mount playing her husband Robert.
References
External links
The Standard : Complete coverage of the Kissel murder trial
Blood And Money: '48 Hours' Looks At The Killing Of Two Brothers Thousands Of Miles Apart
Never Enough by Joe McGinnis
Information on the case from HKLII
Summary of Judgment Nancy Ann Kissel ( Applicant) v The Long-Term Prison Sentences Review Board (Respondent) CACV 230/2018; [2020] HKCA 490 - Chinese version
2003 crimes in Hong Kong
American people murdered abroad
Deaths by beating
2003 murders in China
Murder in Hong Kong
Trials in Hong Kong
Deaths by person in Asia
People murdered in Hong Kong
Mariticides
2000s murders in Hong Kong |
Lex Medlin (born March 30, 1969) is an American actor. He has appeared in a wide variety of television commercials and sitcoms. He starred in the 2006 Fox TV sitcom Happy Hour. He recently starred as a judge and love interest of the main character on the Lifetime series Drop Dead Diva.
Early life, education and family
Medlin was born in Arizona.
He attended the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, Pasadena, California (1990–1991).
Career
Medlin began his career appearing in local and Spanish-market ads for which he achieved some acclaim. He has appeared in numerous television commercials, for companies like Dockers, Gardetto's, Gateway Computers, Geico Direct, Kia Spectra, Selsun Blue, Time Warner Cable, State Farm, T-Mobile, Solarcity, and Twix.
After numerous television guest appearances and small film roles, also appearing as a guest star in season 6 of Friends, he landed a recurring role in the UPN sitcom Rock Me Baby (2003–04), appearing in 10 episodes of that program's single-season run. He was a main cast member of the short-lived Fox sitcom Happy Hour in 2006. In 2011, he began a recurring role as Judge Owen French on the Lifetime legal drama/fantasy series Drop Dead Diva, and became a main cast member for that show's fourth season (2012).
He and his wife Lori appeared together on an episode of the Food Network show Party Starters in 2003. In the episode, their ranch house in the San Fernando Valley was transformed in tropical style for a housewarming.
Personal life
Medlin and his wife Lori have two children together. He has a third grown child from a previous relationship.
Filmography
Movie
The Little Rascals Save the Day (2014)
The Notorious #9 (2010)
The Hot Sand (2005)
Film Club (2000)
Going All the Way (1997) (scenes deleted)
Television
Raven's Home (2022)
CSI Vegas (2021)
Grey's Anatomy (2021)
B Positive (2020)
All Rise (2020)
Shameless (2018)
9-1-1 (2018)
Jane the Virgin (2016)
Criminal Minds (2015)
Modern Family (2013)
The Mentalist (2013)
Drop Dead Diva (2011–2014)
Hot in Cleveland (2011)
CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (2010)
Supernatural (2010)
Southland (2009–2010)
It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (2009)
Men of a Certain Age (2009)
Monk (2009)
Mental (2009)
The Closer (2009)
Happy Hour (2006)
Married to the Kellys (2004)
Rock Me Baby (2003–2004)
Still Standing (2002–2004)
Bad Haircut (2001)
Jack & Jill (2001)
Titus (2001)
Charmed (1999) (Season 2 Episode 5: She's a Man, Baby She's a Man - Smith)
Friends (1999) (Season 6, Episode 10)
One World (1998)
Team Knight Rider (1998)
Silk Stalkings (1996)
Beverly Hills, 90210 (1993)
References
External links
1969 births
Living people
American male film actors
American male television actors
Place of birth missing (living people)
Male actors from Arizona
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
American Academy of Dramatic Arts alumni |
The Roman Catholic Diocese of San Carlos de Bariloche is based in the city of San Carlos de Bariloche, usually referred to as Bariloche, in the province of Río Negro, Argentina. The diocese is a suffragan of the province of Bahia Blanca. The city is located in the foothills of the Andes.
Ordinaries
(1993–2000), appointed Bishop of Avellaneda
Fernando Carlos Maletti (2001–2013), appointed Bishop of Merlo-Moreno
(2013–2022), appointed Bishop of Merlo-Moreno
References
http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dscdb.html
Bariloche
San Carlos de Bariloche
San Carlos de Bariloche
San Carlos de Bariloche
San Carlos de Bariloche |
Prohepialus is an extinct genus of insect of uncertain phylogenetic placement. It was originally identified as a moth in the family Hepialidae; however, Simonsen, Wagner & Heikkilä (2019) considered it more likely to be a symphytan wasp. It contains only one species, Prohepialus incertus, which was described from a Thanetian crater lake diatomite (Paleocene) in Menat (Puy-de-Dôme), France. A second specimen is known from the Bembridge Marls (Eocene) in the United Kingdom.
References
Fossil Lepidoptera
Fossil taxa described in 1940
†
Paleocene life
Eocene insects
Prehistoric insects of Europe
† |
People from the United States of America are known as and refer to themselves as Americans. Different languages use different terms for citizens of the United States. All forms of English refer to US citizens as Americans, a term deriving from the United States of America, the country's official name. In the English context, it came to refer to inhabitants of British America, and then the United States. There is some linguistic ambiguity over this use due to the other senses of the word American, which can also refer to people from the Americas in general. Other languages, including French, Japanese, and Russian, use cognates of American to refer to people from the United States, while others, particularly Spanish and Portuguese, primarily use terms derived from United States or North America. There are various other local and colloquial names for Americans. The name America came from the Italian navigator Amerigo Vespucci.
Development of the term American
Amerigo Vespucci first demonstrated that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern outskirts as conjectured by Christopher Columbus, but instead constituted an entirely separate landmass hitherto unknown to the peoples of the Old World. Martin Waldseemüller coined the term America (in honor of Vespucci) in a 1507 world map.
First uses of the adjective American referenced European settlements in the New World. Americans referred to the indigenous peoples of the Americas and subsequently to European settlers and their descendants. English use of the term American for people of European descent dates to the 17th century, with the earliest recorded appearance being in Thomas Gage's The English-American: A New Survey of the West Indies in 1648. In English, American came to be applied especially to people in British America and thus its use as a demonym for the United States derives by extension.
The United States Declaration of Independence of 1776 refers to "the thirteen States of America", making the first formal use of the country name, which was officially adopted in 1777 by the nation's first governing constitution, the Articles of Confederation. The Federalist Papers of 1787–1788, written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison to advocate the ratification of the United States Constitution, use the word American in both its original Pan-American sense, but also in its United States sense: Federalist Paper 24 refers to the "American possessions" of Britain and Spain (i.e. land outside of the United States) while Federalist Papers 51 and 70 refer to the United States as "the American republic". People from the United States increasingly referred to themselves as Americans through the end of the 18th century and the 1795 Treaty of Peace and Amity with the Barbary States refers to "American Citizens" while George Washington spoke to his people of "[t]he name of American, which belongs to you in your national capacity" in his 1796 farewell address. Eventually, this usage spread through other English-speaking countries and the unqualified noun American in all forms of the English language now chiefly refers to natives or citizens of the United States, though other senses are generally specified with a qualifier such as Latin American or North American.
International use
International speakers of English generally refer to people from the United States as Americans while equivalent translations of American are used in many other languages, namely Italian (), Dutch (), Afrikaans (), Japanese (, rōmaji: amerika-jin), Filipino (), Hebrew ( or ), Arabic (), Russian () and Hindi (अमरीकी transliteration: Amreeki).
In French, is used in an official and colloquial way. , derived from (United States), while much rarer, is occasionally used, including by some scholars.
In Portuguese, both the terms and (United Statesian) are frequently used.
In Italian, both and are used, although the former is more common.
In German, the designation and its adjective form are sometimes used, though (adjective: ) is more common in scientific, official, journalistic, and colloquial parlance. The style manual of the , a leading German-language newspaper, dismisses the term US-amerikanisch as both "unnecessary" and "artificial" and recommends replacing it with . The respective guidelines of the foreign ministries of Austria, Germany, and Switzerland all dictate for official usage. Ami is common in colloquial speech.
In Spanish, the (), published by the Royal Spanish Academy and the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language, recommends the genderless term (literally United Statesian), because also refers to all the inhabitants of the continents of North and South America, or can be used to refer to Hispanic Americans. and are also common.
In Latin American Spanish colloquial speech, Americans may be referred to as (likely originating from griego, meaning Greek), but the word usually carries a disparaging connotation; in Spain and Argentina, a more common word with a similar meaning to is (from the English Yankee).
In Portuguese, the terms used varies by country. In European Portuguese, is mostly used in colloquial speech, but the term usually used in the press is . In Brazilian Portuguese, the everyday term is usually or and is the preferred form in academia.
In Chinese, there are distinct words for American in the continental sense and American in the national sense. The United States of America is called (Pinyin: měiguó; Jyutping: mei5 gwok3) while the continents of the Americas are called (Pinyin: měizhōu; Jyutping: mei5 zau1). There are separate demonyms derived from each word and a United States citizen is referred to as (Pinyin: měiguó rén; Jyutping: mei5 gwok3 yan4).
In the constructed language Esperanto, , similar to , is the standard term for an American. The United States itself is called , similar to Usonia. Only in formal contexts is the United States referred to by the long-form official name or (United States of North America). L. L. Zamenhof, the inventor of Esperanto, used the terms as early as 1910.
Alternative terms
The only officially and commonly used alternative for referring to the people of the United States in English is to refer to them as citizens of that country. Another alternative is US-American, also spelled US American.
Several single-word English alternatives for American have been suggested over time, especially Usonian, popularized by architect Frank Lloyd Wright, and the nonce term United-Statesian.
Writer H. L. Mencken collected a number of proposals from between 1789 and 1939, finding terms including Columbian, Columbard, Fredonian, Frede, Unisian, United Statesian, Colonican, Appalacian, Usian, Washingtonian, Usonian, Uessian, U-S-ian, Uesican, and United Stater. Names for broader categories include terms such as Western Hemispherian, New Worlder, and North Atlantican.
Nevertheless, no alternative to "American" is common in English.
Yankee
Yankee (or Yank) is a colloquial term for Americans in English; cognates can be found in other languages. Within the United States, Yankee usually refers to people specifically from New England or the Northern United States, though it has been applied to Americans in general since the 18th century, especially by the British. The earliest recorded use in this context is in a 1784 letter by Horatio Nelson.
The cockney rhyming slang and Australian derogatory slang term septic (and in the Australian case, seppo) derive from rhyming "yank" with "septic tank".
See also
List of demonyms for US states and territories
References
Notes
Bibliography
American culture
Ethnonyms
Political terminology |
Paul James Crowe (October 23, 1924 – December 13, 1989) was an American football player who played at the halfback and defensive back positions. He played college football for Saint Mary's military football for the 1944 Saint Mary's Pre-Flight Air Devils football team, and professional football for the San Francisco 49ers, Los Angeles Dons, and New York Yanks.
Early years
Crowe was born in 1924 in Chino, California. He attended and played football at Chino High School. He starred in football, basketball, and track from 1939 to 1942.
Military and college football
Crowe served in the United States Army beginning in 1942. After the war, he played college football for the Saint Mary's Gaels from 1945 to 1947. He also played for the Saint' Mary's basketball team.
Professional football
Crowe played professional football in the All-America Football Conference for the San Francisco 49ers during their 1948 season and for the 49ers and Los Angeles Dons during their 1949 seasons. He also played in the National Football League (NFL) for the 1951 New York Yanks. He appeared in a total of 32 AAFC and NFL games.
Family and later years
After retiring from football, Crowe became a general contractor. He also served on the Feather River Recreation and Park District Board of Directors. Crowe died in 1989 at age 65 in Butte County, California.
References
1924 births
1989 deaths
San Francisco 49ers (AAFC) players
Players of American football from San Bernardino County, California
Los Angeles Dons players
New York Yanks players
Saint Mary's Gaels football players
People from Chino, California
American football halfbacks
United States Army personnel of World War II
Saint Mary's Gaels men's basketball players
San Francisco 49ers players |
Rutajärvi may refer to:
Rutajärvi (Leivonmäki), a lake in Finland
Rutajärvi (Urjala), a lake in Finland |
Call2 is an international callback provider, founded in 1997 in the United Kingdom by Peter Farrer and merged by Andrew Try in 1999 to form Comxo Trading Ltd. Their offices are located just outside London, England.
Call2 offers a unique way of initiating long distance and international calls. The system works by receiving a request for a call from the user, via Internet, Phone or SMS, and initiating a callback. This callback dials both the user's number and the person they wish to call, and connects the two calls together. This functionality allows users to avoid the high international call costs imposed by some telephone providers, and even reduce roaming costs. Call2 differs from many other online international call services in that the calls are routed over PSTN lines, not VoIP, and require no additional software or hardware, such as headsets.
History
1997 - Call2 founded by Peter Farrer.
1999 - Merged with Procall and Latitude to form Comxo Trading Ltd.
2004 - Call2 API launched, allowing integration with 3rd party software.
2005 - Call2 affiliate scheme launched.
2006 - Call2 customer services awarded European (Small) Call Centre of the Year
September 2009 - Call2 Corporate portal launched, with advanced administration and billing tools.
2009 to 2010 - Call2 customer services awarded a gold certificate by the Genesis Group
2010 - Call2 customer services awarded platinum certificate by the Genesis Group
June 2010 - Call2 launches their Microsoft Outlook dialer.
July 2010 - Call2 launches their iPhone app.
October 2010 - Call2 launches the Desktop Dialler - for Windows, Apple and Linux platforms
March 2011 - Call2 launches their BlackBerry app
December 2011 - Call2 selected as "App of the Day" by Mobile Entertainment
January 2012 - Call2 launches their Android App
References
British websites
Telephony
1997 establishments in England
Technology companies based in London
British companies established in 1997 |
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Obtain
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Alice Ming Wai Jim is an art historian, curator and Professor at Concordia University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, as well as an Adjunct Professor in Graduate Studies at OCAD University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. She focuses her research on diasporic art in Canada, contemporary Asian art and contemporary Asian Canadian art, particularly on the relationships between remix culture and place identity. She currently holds the Concordia University Research Chair in Ethnocultural Art History (2017–2022).
Jim was the Research Fellow at the Centre of Asian Studies and the Centre for the Study of Globalization and Cultures at the University of Hong Kong. She was also the curator at Centre A: Vancouver International Centre for Contemporary Asian in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, from 2003 until 2006.
Jim is the founding co-editor of the Journal of Asian Diasporic Visual Cultures and the Americas (ADVA) with Alexandra Chang published by Brill (Leiden, NL) in association withGail and Stephen A. Jarislowsky Institute for Studies in Canadian Art (Concordia University) and the Asian/Pacific/American Institute (New York University). She is a board member of CAA (The College Art Association).
Exhibitions and symposiums
In 2014, Jim participated as a co-organizer for "Performing Asian/Americas: Converging Movements," for the ninth Encuentro of The Hemispheric Institute of Performance and Politics, Montreal, and as a co-director of the workshop "Contemporary Art and the Inter-Asian Imaginary" for Inter-Asian Connections IV, Istanbul. In 2013 she curated "Yam Lau: A World is a Model of the World" at the Darling Foundry, Montreal. In 2019, Jim as a visiting professor for Summer Institute 2019: Future Commons at Tai Kwun Contemporary in Hong Kong as well as a co-chair for the Artistic Committee (Exhibition) for ISEA2020 Montreal: Why Sentience? (International Symposium on Electronic Art).
Publications
The scope of her published writing work also have taken the form of essays, exhibition catalogues and anthologies. Other texts include "The Maraya Project: Research-Creation, Inter-reference and the Worlding of Asian Cities" in the journal Third Text, Volume 28, 2014, "RoCH Redux" in Yishu, Journal of Contemporary Chinese Art, "Mediating Place-Identity: Notes on Mathias Woo's A Very Good City" in Precarious Visualities: New Perspectives on Identification in Contemporary Art and Visual Culture, 2008, "Let Your Fingers Do the Walking: Rereading Ho Tam's The Yellow Pages''' in Reel Asian: Asian Canada on Screen, and "Articulating Spaces of Representation, Contemporary Black Women Artists in Canada" in Racism, Eh? A Critical Inter-Disciplinary Anthology of Race and Racism in Canada, 2004
Research Interests
As an art historian and curator, Jim's work has helped to amplify new discourses throughout the fields of ethnocultural and global art histories, critical race theory, media arts, and curatorial studies. With a focus in primarily contemporary Asian Canadian and Black Canadian artists, Jim has curated exhibitions with over fifty artists, and has also been involved in organizing a number of scholarly events and arts community organizing on these topics.
Selected curated exhibitions
"All Aboard the Redress Express." Alice Ming Wai Jim. Catalogue accompanying Redress Express: Chinese Restaurants and the Head Tax Issue in Contemporary Art exhibition. Vancouver: Vancouver Centre for Contemporary Asian Art (Centre A), 2007. 1-5
Exhibition catalogues
Primary essay contributor. “When Worlds Meet: Howie Tsui’s Retainers of Anarchy.” Howie Tsui. Vancouver: Vancouver Art Gallery; Victoria, BC: Art Gallery of Greater Victoria, 2017. 10–31.
Curatorial essay contributor. “Yam Lau (Toronto): A World is a Model of a World.” Montreal: Darling Foundry, 2013. French trans.
“Faciality, Trauma and Ambivalence in Performance Art: Insoon Ha’s Monology.” Reprint. Ed. Sally Frater. Hamilton, ON: The Print Studio, 2013.
“Introduction.” 14 Asias: Perspectives on Contemporary Art. Ed. Alice Ming Wai Jim, Taralyn Boyden, Jessica Carroll, Katerina Lagassé, and Charles P.T. Leonard with contributing editors Anaïs McNicoll-Castro Lopes, Alannah Clamp, Béatrice Cloutier-Trépanier, Andromachi Gagas, Charlotte Jacob-Maguire, Allison Smith and Eliana Stratica Mihail / with essays by Taralyn Boyden, Anaïs Castro, Alannah Clamp, Béatrice Cloutier-Trépanier, Madeline Coleman, Andromachi Gagas, Charlotte Jacob-Maguire, Katerina Lagassé, Charles P.T. Leonard, Allison Smith and Eliana Stratica Mihail. Montreal: Department of Art History, Concordia University, 2011. 9-11.
"Rearranging Desires: Curating the 'Other' Within." Rearranging Desires. Montreal: The Gail and Stephen A. Jarislowsky Institute for Studies in Canadian Art; Faculty of Fine Arts Gallery, 2008. 1-8. Editor and essay contributor.
"All Aboard the Redress Express." Redress Express. Ed. Alice Ming Wai Jim. Catalogue accompanying Redress Express: Chinese Restaurants and the Head Tax Issue in Contemporary Art exhibition. Vancouver: Vancouver Centre for Contemporary Asian Art (Centre A), 2007. 1-5.
"Playing Devil's Advocate." Amy Cheung: Devil's Advocate. Nürnberg: Verlag für moderne Kunst Nürnberg, 2007. 8-13. Editor and essay contributor (artist book). Excerpts published simultaneously as: (1) "Amy Cheung: Playing Devil's Advocate." Star Fairy: Hong Kong in Venice. Ed. Norman J. Ford. Hong Kong Arts Development Council; 52nd Venice Biennale, 2007. 19-34. English & trans. Chinese and Italian. (2) "Amy Cheung: Sirens for Hong Kong." Reversing Horizons: Artist Reflections of the Hong Kong Handover 10th Anniversary. Shanghai: Shanghai Museum of Contemporary Art, 2007. English & trans. Chinese.
"Shifting Space." Gu Xiong, Ben Reeves and Patrick Mahon: Shifting Space. Chonqing: Museum of Sichuan Fine Arts Institute, 2005. 6pp, English & trans. Chinese.
"Ramona Ramlochand: White Desert." Le Mois de la photo 2005. Ed. Martha Langford. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2005. 53-56.
"Neighbourhood." Neighbourhood. Ed. Alice Ming Wai Jim and Portia Priegert. Vancouver: Vancouver International Centre for Contemporary Asian Art, 2005.
"Afterword: Kim Huynh, Inflected Signs." Charlie Don't Surf: 4 Vietnamese American Artists. Ed. Alice Ming Wai Jim and Viet Le. Vancouver: Vancouver International Centre for Contemporary Asian Art, 2005. 43-47.
Editor and essay contributor. "A Discourse of Fear." Samina Mansuri: DARR: 37 Conversations.Vancouver: Vancouver International Centre for Contemporary Asian Art, 2004. 2-4. Essay published online as part of The New Republics Digital Archive (2008).
Para/Site: Open Work. Ed. David Ho Yeung Chan and Alice Ming Wai Jim. Hong Kong: Para/Site Art Space; Vancouver: Vancouver International Centre for Contemporary Asian Art, 2004.Para/Site: Open Work "Chez Soi." Mei-Kuei Feu: Zone flottante. Ed. Alice Ming Wai Jim. Vancouver: Vancouver International Centre for Contemporary Asian Art, 2004. 4-6.
"Informal Residency" and "In Conversation with Gailan Ngan." Gailan Ngan: Informal Residency. Ed. Alice Ming Wai Jim. Vancouver: Vancouver International Centre for Contemporary Asian Art, 2004.
"A 'Walking Knowledge' of the City and Other Considerations: Works by Sara Wong." Moving Violations: An Exhibition of the Urban and the Image. Ed. Pamela Kember. Hong Kong: Art Asia Archive, 2002. 12-14, 15-17, English & trans. Chinese.
"Recycling Cinema and other works by Ellen Pau." Venice Hong Kong: Magic at Street Level. Ed. Johnson Chang. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Arts Development Council; 49th Venice Biennale, 2001. 42-51. English & trans. Chinese and Italian.
"Dialogue and Difference." Traversals.'' Ed. Norman Jackson Ford and Alice Ming Wai Jim. Hong Kong: Map Book Publishers, 2001. 15-22.
Awards
Jim was awarded the Distinguished Teaching Award from the Faculty of Fine Arts through the nominations of Concordia's Graduate and Undergraduate students in the category of Emerging Teacher and the Christopher Jackson Teaching Award from the Department of Art History in 2016. She was also awarded the Artexte Prize for Research in Contemporary Art, the second recipient of the prize since its inception in 2012. In November 2019, Jim will be elected to the Royal Society of Canada's College of New Scholars for her contributions in the field of arts and humanities.
References
External links
Official website
Canadian people of Chinese descent
Academic staff of Concordia University
Canadian art curators
Living people
1970 births
Canadian women academics
Women art historians
Canadian women curators |
United Nations Security Council resolution 1268, adopted unanimously on 15 October 1999, after reaffirming Resolution 696 (1991) and all subsequent resolutions on Angola, particularly resolutions 1229 (1999) and 1237 (1999), the council established the United Nations Office in Angola (UNOA) to liaise with political, military, police and other civilian authorities.
The security council reaffirmed that the present situation in Angola was caused by the failure of UNITA under the leadership of Jonas Savimbi to comply with its obligations under the Accordos de Paz, Lusaka Protocol and relevant Security Council resolutions. National reconciliation and lasting peace could only be achieved through the implementation of the aforementioned agreements and the continued presence of the United Nations in Angola was necessary.
UNOA would be established for an initial period of six months until 15 April 2000 staffed with 30 personnel and support staff necessary to liaise with political, military, police and other civilian authorities in Angola to explore measures to restore peace, promote human rights and provide humanitarian assistance. The Angolan government and the Secretary-General Kofi Annan were called upon to conclude a Status of Forces Agreement and the latter requested to report every three months with recommendations on the peace process and other developments.
See also
Angolan Civil War
List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1201 to 1300 (1998–2000)
References
External links
Text of the Resolution at undocs.org
1268
1999 in Angola
1268
October 1999 events |
Francesco Teldi was a Venetian trader and ambassador who negotiated with the Egyptian Mamluks in the early 16th century for joint action against the expansion of the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean, during the Portuguese-Mamluk War.
In 1504, the Venetians, who shared common interests with the Mamluks in the spice trade and desired to eliminate the Portuguese challenge if possible, sent Francesco Teldi, posing as a jewel buyer, as envoy to Cairo. Francesco Teldi tried to find a level of cooperation between the two realms, encouraging the Mamluks to block Portuguese navigations. The Venetians claimed they could not intervene directly, and encouraged the Mamluk Sultan Qansuh al-Ghuri to take action by getting into contact with Indian rulers of Kingdom of Cochin and Kingdom of Cannanore to entice them not to trade with the Portuguese, and the King of Calicut and Sultan of Cambay to fight against them. Some sort of alliance was thus concluded between the Venetians and the Mamluks against the Portuguese.
Francesco Teldi was apparently the owner of a unique painting of Cairo, which may have inspired a painting of Cairo by Gentile Bellini in 1493.
Notes
Teldi
Republic of Venice diplomats |
Patrick Antony Chinamasa (born 25 January 1947) is a Zimbabwean politician who served in the government of Zimbabwe as the minister of various cabinet ministries. Previously he served as the Minister of Finance and Investment Promotion and the Minister of Justice, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs.
On 9 October 2017, he was appointed as Minister of the newly created Ministry of Cyber Security, Threat Detection and Mitigation. On 27 November 2017, Emmerson Mnangagwa, who succeeded Robert Mugabe as President of Zimbabwe following the 2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état, appointed Chinamasa as the nation's acting Finance Minister. He was substantively returned to his portfolio as Minister of Finance and Economic Development in Mnangagwa's first cabinet on 30 November 2017.
Political career
A leading member of the ruling ZANU–PF party, Chinamasa became first deputy Agriculture Minister, and then Attorney General of Zimbabwe; he also has held the role of Leader of the Zimbabwean Parliament.
Following his appointment, many Zimbabwean judges resigned, complaining of political pressure. On 9 February 2001 after Chief Justice Anthony Gubbay took early retirement at his suggestion, Chinamasa held meetings with senior Justices Ahmed Ebrahim and Nicholas McNally (the last white justice on the Zimbabwean Court), and told them for their own safety to leave.
In 2002, following what Chinamasa considered lenient conviction of three American citizens caught and convicted of smuggling arms in an aircraft, Zimbabwean High Court judge Fergus Blackie brought successful charges against Chinamasa for a conviction of "scandalising the court." Chinamasa had Blackie immediately arrested on charges of "corruption," on the grounds of having decided the case of a white woman improperly (on the basis of an alleged adulterous relationship and racist bias), and without the support of the other judge that was sitting with him on the matter. After the case closed, Chinamasa declared various NGO's illegal, including leading Human Rights organisation the Amani Trust which provides support to victims of torture; and was reportedly accused of working with the British government to unseat President Robert Mugabe and destabilise the nation.
In 2003, Chinamasa was placed on European Union and United States sanctions lists.
On 17 December 2004, Chinamasa, who had been the Secretary for Legal Affairs of ZANU PF, was removed from the party's Politburo. In 2005, Chinamasa was ejected from his post as Justice Minister; however, six months later he was returned to the post.
In September 2006, Chinamasa was cleared by a judge of trying to pervert the course of justice. Chinamasa was accused of trying to stop a prosecution witness, James Kaunye, from testifying in a case against the Minister of State for National Security, Didymus Mutasa, who had been accused of inciting public violence.
He is among a host of individuals not allowed to travel to the USA because the USA government feels he has worked to undermine democracy in Zimbabwe.
Chinamasa and Labour Minister Nicholas Goche met with Tendai Biti (MDC-T) and Welshman Ncube (MDC-M), Secretaries General of their respective Movement for Democratic Change factions, in Pretoria, South Africa on 16 June 2007. South African President Thabo Mbeki, appointed by the Southern African Development Community, presided over the negotiations which sought to end economic sanctions on Zimbabwe.
Chinamasa was nominated as ZANU–PF's candidate for the House of Assembly seat from Makoni Central in the March 2008 parliamentary election, but he was defeated. Chinamasa received 4 050 votes against 7,060 for John Nyamande of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC).
Within ZANU-PF, Chinamasa has been seen as an ally of Emmerson Mnangagwa since 2004. As of 2008, Chinamasa is the Chairman of ZANU PF's Information and Publicity Sub-Committee, and in that capacity he acted as spokesman for ZANU PF in the period following the 2008 presidential and parliamentary election. In this respect, he was viewed as taking over the roles of Minister of Information and Publicity Sikhanyiso Ndlovu and ZANU–PF Secretary for Information and Publicity Nathan Shamuyarira.
Along with Goche, Chinamasa was one of the negotiators sent by ZANU–PF to the talks between political parties that began in Pretoria on 10 July 2008, following Mugabe's disputed re-election.
Chinamasa was appointed to the Senate by Mugabe on 25 August 2008. On 7 January 2009, The Herald reported that Chinamasa had been appointed as Acting Minister of Finance following the dismissal of Samuel Mumbengegwi, who no longer held a seat in Parliament. In this position, Chinamasa took a historic step in the ongoing hyperinflation crisis in Zimbabwe, announcing that all Zimbabweans would be allowed to conduct business in any currency as of the end of January 2009.
When the ZANU-PF–MDC national unity government was sworn in on 13 February 2009, Chinamasa was retained as Minister of Justice.
Following Mugabe's victory in the July 2013 presidential election, he moved Chinamasa to the post of Minister of Finance on 10 September 2013.
Later, Patrick Chinamasa was moved to a newly created ministry of Cyber Security in 2017. The Ministry of Cyber Security, Threat Detection and Mitigation was announced and initiated by President Robert Mugabe in October 2017 to address the challenges of new generation of technologies. Patrick was reassigned to the role of Minister of Cyber Security, Threat Detection and Mitigation where he led efforts to ensure cybersecurity through various end points.
In 2017, when Zimbabwe's new president Emmerson Mnangagwa took over, he named Patrick Chinamasa as the acting Finance Minister until the appointment of a new cabinet and minister.
Farms
In February 2003, Chinamasa sent the police to arrest Peter Baker, a white farmer who had refused to vacate his farm, Rocklands, in favour of the Minister, after successfully challenging its seizure in court. Eight months after the seizure, the farm's water supply has been squandered, undermining its future productivity and that of the neighbouring farms.
In September 2003, white farmer Richard Yates was evicted from his 800-hectare tobacco farm Tsukumai Farm at Headlands, located east of Harare. Although Chinamasa paid some compensation, Yates is still awaiting final payment and said that he considers the farm his in an interview with the Daily Telegraph. The following year his wife Monica won the Zimbabwean Tobacco grower of the year award, together with a Z$24million prize and trophy as the 2004/2005 top grower at a ceremony in Harare on 29 July. British MP Kate Hoey, who made a fact-finding visit to Zimbabwe earlier in the year, said the award was shocking: "It is like someone stealing a race horse and winning the Grand National." As a result, London based British American Tobacco came under pressure to stop its Zimbabwean associate company sponsoring the award, which it did the following year.
Personal life
Chinamasa is married to Monica Chinamasa.
His children include:
Chengetai – although banned from travelling into the United States, he gained entry using his mother's maiden surname. He claimed his home location as Worcester, Massachusetts, where he studied and also worked for Keller Williams. He died in November 2007.
Gamuchirai - born 11 November 1991.
References
Living people
1947 births
Finance Ministers of Zimbabwe
Attorneys-General of Zimbabwe
Members of the Senate of Zimbabwe
ZANU–PF politicians
Government ministers of Zimbabwe |
Alan Judd (born 1946) is a pseudonym used by Alan Edwin Petty. Born in 1946, he is a former soldier and diplomat who now works as a security analyst and writer in the United Kingdom. He writes both books and articles, regularly contributing to a number of publications, including The Daily Telegraph, the Spectator and The Oldie. His books include both fiction and non-fiction titles, with his novels often drawing on his military background.
Fiction Titles
Charles Thoroughgood novels:
A Breed of Heroes (1981 - adapted by Charles Wood as a BBC television film in 1996)
Legacy (2001)
Uncommon Enemy (2012)
Inside Enemy (2014)
Deep Blue (2017)
Accidental Agent (2019)
Queen and Country (2022)
Other novels:
Short of Glory (1984)
The Noonday Devil (1987)
Tango (1989)
The Devil's Own Work (1991)
The Kaiser's Last Kiss (2003)
Dancing with Eva (2006)
Slipstream (2015)
Shakespeare's Sword (2018)
A Fine Madness (2021)
Non fiction Titles
Ford Madox Ford (1990)
First World War Poets (Character Sketches) (1997)
The Quest for C: Mansfield Cumming And the Founding of the Secret Service (1999)
Awards
A Breed of Heroes won the 1981 Winifred Holtby Memorial Prize and was shortlisted and became runner-up in the 1981 Booker Prize.
In 1991, he won the Guardian Fiction Award for his book The Devil's Own Work.
References
External links
A Brief Biography
David Higham Associates
1946 births
20th-century English novelists
21st-century English novelists
English biographers
Living people
Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature
English male novelists
20th-century English male writers
21st-century English male writers
English male non-fiction writers
Male biographers |
The 1st New Zealand Army Tank Brigade was an armoured unit of the New Zealand Army during World War II. The brigade was formed in New Zealand during 1941 to provide the 2nd New Zealand Division with armoured support in North Africa. The outbreak of the Pacific War led to it being retained in New Zealand. The 1st Army Tank Brigade was disbanded in 1942, with most of its personnel being used to establish the 4th New Zealand Armoured Brigade in Egypt.
History
The commander of the Second New Zealand Expeditionary Force, Major-General Bernard Freyberg, proposed to the New Zealand Government in October 1940 that an armoured brigade be formed to reinforce the 2nd New Zealand Division. The New Zealand Government rapidly agreed to this in principle. However, the British Government considered that it would be premature to establish such a formation, and it should be regarded as a long-term goal for New Zealand given shortages of tanks and the time needed to train armoured vehicle crews. After further consideration, the New Zealand Cabinet formally approved the establishment of an army tank brigade on 31 July 1941.
The 1st New Zealand Army Tank Brigade was formed at Waiouru Military Camp on 16 October 1941. At this time, it was intended for the brigade to undertake training in New Zealand before departing for the Middle East in March 1942. The first tanks for the brigade, 30 Valentine tanks, arrived in New Zealand during October 1941. Brigadier Graham Beresford Parkinson was selected as the brigade's commander, and arrived in New Zealand during November 1941 after returning from Egypt.
At the time of the outbreak of the Pacific War in December 1941, the full complement of tanks for the brigade still hadn't arrived in New Zealand. Those that had arrived sufficed to allow training to begin, but were inadequate in number to equip the brigade's three tank battalions. The threat of invasion led the tanks to be concentrated in a special battalion. The remainder of the brigade was organised as an infantry brigade with three battalions and practised countering Japanese landings. Parkinson commanded the 7th Brigade from December 1941 to April 1942, when he returned to the tank brigade. In March 1942 it was decided to retain the brigade in New Zealand until at least July that year.
In early 1942 the 3rd Tank Battalion began training with the available tanks. When further tanks arrived they were assigned to the 1st and 2nd Tank Battalions. By August 1942 there were 120 Valentine tanks and 24 M3 Stuarts in New Zealand.
In August 1942 Freyberg requested that the 1st New Zealand Army Tank Brigade be transferred to the Middle East. In his message to the New Zealand Government, he noted that the 2nd New Zealand Division had suffered heavy casualties from German and Italian tanks and "we have felt keenly the lack of our own armoured component". After further consideration, it was decided instead to use the brigade's personnel to convert the 2nd New Zealand Division's 4th Infantry Brigade to the 4th New Zealand Armoured Brigade. This was approved by the New Zealand Government in early September, with the 3rd Tank Battalion being selected as the first unit to be dispatched to the Middle East for that purpose. The 3rd Tank Battalion departed New Zealand on 12 December 1942 and was disbanded upon its arrival in the Middle East so that its members could be posted to the 4th New Zealand Armoured Brigade's constituent formations.
Following the decision to use it to reinforce the 4th New Zealand Armoured Brigade, the 1st New Zealand Army Tank Brigade was disbanded in late 1942. The 1st Tank Battalion was used for home defence purposes until it was disbanded in June 1943, with most of its personnel being posted to the Middle East. The 270-man strong 3rd Division Tank Squadron was formed from the 2nd Tank Battalion, and served in the Pacific with the 3rd New Zealand Division. Most of the 2nd Tank Battalion's other personnel were sent to the Middle East.
See also
Tanks of New Zealand
References
Citations
Works consulted
Brigades of New Zealand in World War II
Armoured brigades in World War II
Military units and formations established in 1941
Military units and formations disestablished in 1942 |
Pollia crispata is a perennial herb found in rainforest or rainforest margins in eastern Australia. The specific epithet crispata is derived from Latin, meaning "wavy". Found from near Nowra in New South Wales to tropical Queensland.
It is one of the many plants first described by Robert Brown with the type known as "(J.) v.v." Published in his Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen in 1810, the plant was later moved by the systematic botanist George Bentham into the genus Pollia.
References
Commelinaceae
Flora of New South Wales
Flora of Queensland |
```xml
/**
*/
import type { Node } from '@nextcloud/files'
import Vue from 'vue'
import SetCustomReminderModal from '../components/SetCustomReminderModal.vue'
const View = Vue.extend(SetCustomReminderModal)
const mount = document.createElement('div')
mount.id = 'set-custom-reminder-modal'
document.body.appendChild(mount)
// Create a new Vue instance and mount it to our modal container
const CustomReminderModal = new View({
name: 'SetCustomReminderModal',
el: mount,
})
export const pickCustomDate = (node: Node): Promise<void> => {
CustomReminderModal.open(node)
// Wait for the modal to close
return new Promise((resolve) => {
CustomReminderModal.$once('close', resolve)
})
}
``` |
Roger Grillo is a former American ice hockey player and coach who is currently a regional manager for USA Hockey. A 10th round pick of the Vancouver Canucks in 1983, Grillo played for Maine for three seasons before starting a coaching career. After stints with Norwich and Vermont as an assistant Grillo became the head coach at Brown in 1997. Over twelve seasons Grillo had a moderate amount of success, producing three winning seasons, before accepting an offer from USA Hockey to become Regional Manager, American Development Model, a job he currently occupies.
Head coaching record
References
External links
1964 births
American ice hockey coaches
American men's ice hockey defensemen
Vermont Catamounts men's ice hockey coaches
Brown Bears men's ice hockey coaches
Ice hockey coaches from Minnesota
Living people
Maine Black Bears men's ice hockey players
People from Apple Valley, Minnesota
Ice hockey people from Dakota County, Minnesota
Vancouver Canucks draft picks
Ice hockey players from Minnesota |
Bachelor Party Vegas is a 2006 American direct-to-video comedy film written and directed by Eric Bernt in his directorial debut. It stars Kal Penn, Jonathan Bennett, Charlie Spiller, Diora Baird and Donald Faison. It was released by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment in the United States on April 25, 2006. In Australia and the UK, it was released under the title Vegas Baby.
Plot
Z-Bob, Ash, Eli and Johnny are a group of four guys who take their soon-to-be married best friend Nathan on a memorable trip to Las Vegas. In order to properly bid farewell to their best friend's life as a single man, they must send him out in style with an extravagant bachelor party in Sin City.
Limousines, paint ball, strippers, sex toys, alcohol, debauchery and gambling are on the agenda until they discover that Mr. Kidd, their bachelor party planner, is a bank robber planning to heist the casino, setting off a chain of events that turns their night into a living hell. Running away from the police, the casino security, and murderous Hell's Angels, the five friends are falsely accused of robbing a casino, stalked by a porn star's prize-fighter boyfriend, mugged by a female Elvis impersonator, arrested, thrown in jail, and survive many other misadventures, until finally, it seems that their own deaths are in the cards.
Cast
Kal Penn as "Z-Bob"
Jonathan Bennett as Nathan
Donald Faison as Ash
Charlie Talbert as Johnny C. MacElroy
Aaron Himelstein as Eli
Vincent Pastore as Carmine / Mr. Kidd
Chuck Liddell as himself
Marisa Petroro as The Showgirl
Lin Shaye as Cassandra
Graham Beckel as Officer Stone
Diane Klimaszewski as Chrissy
Elaine Klimaszewski as Missy
Brent Briscoe as Mel "Big Gut Mel"
Jaime Pressly as herself
Daniel Stern as Harry Hard
Diora Baird as Penelope
Lindsay Hollister as Bachelorette
Lester "Rasta" Speight as "Gold Tooth"
Steve Hytner as Airport Security
Andrew Bryniarski as Security Beast
David Z. Chesnoff as UFC Biker #1
Mayor Oscar Goodman as himself
Tamara Whelan as Candy Juggs
Sophia Rossi as Porn Star
Kathy Griffin as She-Elvis (uncredited cameo)
References
External links
2006 films
2006 comedy films
2006 directorial debut films
2006 direct-to-video films
2000s adventure comedy films
American adventure comedy films
Direct-to-video adventure films
Direct-to-video comedy films
Films set in the Las Vegas Valley
Sony Pictures direct-to-video films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films |
Crazy Rhythms is the debut studio album by American rock band the Feelies. It was released in the United Kingdom on February 29, 1980, and in the United States in April 1980, through British record label Stiff. Its fusion of post-punk and jangle pop was influential on the forthcoming alternative rock genre, with R.E.M., among others, citing the album as an influence. Although it was not commercially successful initially, it has remained critically lauded in the decades since its release.
Background
On the album, band member Glenn Mercer has said "The sound we were after was a reaction against the punk scene [...] Being a little older, we felt it had all been done before. We wanted the guitars to be cleaner, and we started experimenting with a lot of percussion."
Release history
The first release on CD was in Germany and the United States in 1986. A&M Records released the album on CD in 1990 with a bonus track, a cover of The Rolling Stones' "Paint It Black". The track was recorded in 1990 without Fier or DeNunzio.
Bar/None Records reissued Crazy Rhythms on September 8, 2009, while Domino Records reissued the album outside of the U.S. and Canada.
Critical reception
Although not a commercial success, Crazy Rhythms was critically acclaimed on release. Paul Du Noyer of NME said that the record was "a very good album. I think it might even be a great one." He observed that the band "sound like Jonathan Richman trying to sound like the Velvet Underground", as well as Talking Heads, but that "somehow the way they are so derivative is part of the Feelies' appeal". Du Noyer described the music as "a kind of cleanly suburban rock'n'roll which is simultaneously intense and simplistic" and that the band seemed like "boys next door" but "they're nothing of the sort". In a five-star review in Sounds, Pete Silverton observed that for him, the album only worked when he listened to it alone, not with company, and that it blended "the drive of Richman's 'Roadrunner' and some of the tense meanderings of Television". He summed up the album as "all light and fun over driving but muted city beats – a little jazz here, a little Latin American there and virtually no rock and roll; most every rhythmic play you can hear on New York radio, topped by cool, calm and collected vocals". David Hepworth, in Smash Hits, wrote that the band "have the power to really draw you into their strange little suburban world." Melody Makers James Truman was less enthused, stating that the band's aim was to achieve a balance of being "intellectual, neurotic cissy" and ironic "Good American", but that at times "Crazy Rhythms pushes too hard to get the balance right and falls uneasily between a send-up and a put-on, a masterpiece and an attractive, disposable novelty". Truman said that the album had "a fussier, more detailed sound than it needed", and concluded, "Conceptualists will love the Feelies ... I just wish they'd come on a little less coy and clever."
Crazy Rhythms was placed at number 17 in The Village Voices annual Pazz & Jop critics' poll, beating out such notable critics' favorites as David Bowie's Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps), Joy Division's Closer, The Rolling Stones's Emotional Rescue and The Specials' debut album.
In their retrospective review, The Guardian called Crazy Rhythms "one of those albums during whose course you hear the most exciting sound in music: things changing." Rolling Stone branded it "a landmark of jangly, guitar-driven avant-pop, and its shimmering sound can still be heard in bands like R.E.M." PopMatters wrote that the album "stands as a wildly inventive and influential record that stands shoulder to shoulder with some of the best music of the American post-punk era. With their very first album, The Feelies managed to speak directly to the zeitgeist of the American independent underground without becoming overexposed or repetitive." Tiny Mix Tapes wrote, "Crazy Rhythms, released in April 1980 amongst a veritable shitstorm of like-minded groups, stands grinning madly at the top of the pile – a shining monument to new wave at its quirky best."
Crazy Rhythms was ranked number 49 in Rolling Stone's list of the 100 best albums of the 1980s, and number 69 on Pitchforks list. In 2020, Rolling Stone included Crazy Rhythms in their "80 Greatest albums of 1980" list.
In September 2009 the album was performed live in its entirety as part of the All Tomorrow's Parties-curated Don't Look Back series.
Track listing
Personnel
Glenn Mercer – lead, rhythm, 12-string and bowed guitars; vocals; keyboards; temple block; shaker; claves; maracas; bell; castanets; reverbed sticks; shoes; drums; coat rack
Bill Million – lead, rhythm, and acoustic guitars; vocals; timbales; sandpaper; claves; can; tom-tom; snare; cowbell; shaker; shoes, temple blocks; tambourine; boxes; and bells
Keith De Nunzio – bass guitar, snare drum, tom-toms, wood block, pipe, bell, and background vocals (except on "Paint It Black")
Anton Fier – drums, tom-toms, pipe, cowbell (except on "Paint It Black")
Brenda Sauter – bass guitar, background vocals on "Paint It Black"
Dave Weckerman – percussion on "Paint It Black"
Stanley Demeski – drums on "Paint It Black"
Influence of cover
The cover to Weezer's first album (1994) has been frequently compared to Crazy Rhythms.
References
External links
The Feelies albums
1980 debut albums
Stiff Records albums
A&M Records albums
Bar/None Records albums
Domino Recording Company albums
Avant-pop albums
New wave albums by American artists |
Skurgwy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rogóźno, within Grudziądz County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately north-west of Rogóźno, north-east of Grudziądz, and north of Toruń.
References
Skurgwy |
Woman's Law is a 1927 American silent drama film directed by Dallas M. Fitzgerald and starring Pat O'Malley, Lillian Rich and Audrey Ferris.
Cast
Pat O'Malley as Trooper Bucky O'Hare
Lillian Rich as Helene
Ernest Wood as Vaughan Neil
John Cossar as John Collon
Harold Miller as Philip Harley
Edward Cecil as Inspetor Steele
Audrey Ferris as Rose La Pierre
Sam Allen as Jules La Pierre
References
Bibliography
Munden, Kenneth White. The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures Produced in the United States, Part 1. University of California Press, 1997.
External links
1927 films
1927 drama films
1920s English-language films
American silent feature films
Silent American drama films
Films directed by Dallas M. Fitzgerald
American black-and-white films
1920s American films |
Eugenio Della Casa (born 1901, date of death unknown) was an Italian water polo player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1901 births
Year of death missing
Italian male water polo players
Olympic water polo players for Italy
Water polo players at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Water polo players from Genoa |
Stony Creek was a railway station on the South Gippsland line in South Gippsland, Victoria. The station was opened during the 1890s and operated until the 1970s. The line was closed in 1991 and turned into the Great Southern Rail Trail.
Disused railway stations in Victoria (state)
Transport in Gippsland (region)
Shire of South Gippsland |
Bin Roye () (English: Without Crying), is a 2016 Pakistani romantic-drama television series, which premiered on Hum TV on 2 October 2016. Bin Roye centers on love as it follows the life of Saba Shafiq who unknown to her cousin Irtaza, deeply loves him but he only thinks of her as a friend. The story then follows Saba's obsession with Irtaza, and his marriage with her sister Saman.
Bin Roye was created and produced by Momina Duraid, co-directed by Shahzad Kashmiri and Haissam Hussain and was written by Farhat Ishtiaq based on her novel of similar name. The series aired on Hum TV as part of a night programming all under Duraid's production company. In 2015, a film adaptation of novel, with the same cast and crew was also released, which went on to become the third-highest-grossing film in Pakistan.
Humayun Saeed, Mahira Khan and Armeena Rana Khan reprised their leading roles from the film adaptation, as Irtaza, Saba Shafiq and Saman Shafiq, respectively. Javed Sheikh, Zeba Bakhtiar, Junaid Khan and Jahanzeb Khan also return to series in recurring roles, while Adnan Malik and Saman Ansari joined for television adaptation.
Synopsis
Saba (Mahira Khan) is madly in love with her best friend and cousin Irtaza (Humayun Saeed). Saba and Irtaza have grown up together, and Irtaza cares a lot for Saba. Saba is an extrovert, who lives life to the fullest, and expects Irtaza to fulfil all her childish demands. Irtaza happily does everything Saba asks for and feels happy seeing her happy.
Irtaza decides to go to America for his higher studies. Saba is unhappy hearing about this and gets angry at Irtaza. Irtaza reasons with Saba and tells her he will return in two years. Irtaza goes to America and, whilst studying there, develops feelings for his cousin Saman (Armeena Khan).
After completing his studies, he returns to Pakistan, and Saba is delighted to see him. Soon Saman's parents die in a plane crash, and Saman comes to Pakistan along with Irtaza to her extended family for emotional support. Saba and Irtaza take care of Saman. Soon Saba learns that Saman is not her cousin but her elder sister and that Saman was adopted by her uncle when she was a baby. This fact brings Saba and Saman closer to each other. Both Saman and Saba start sharing a very close sisterly bond. One day, Saba realises that Saman and Irtaza have feelings for each other. Despite loving her sister, she cannot help but feel jealousy and anger.
Soon after Saba's realisation, Irtaza proposes marriage to Saman. Saba is heartbroken seeing this, but she collects herself and tries her best to be happy for her best friend and sister. Saba happily participates in all wedding rituals. However, Saba loses all patience when she finally sees Saman and Irtaza making their wedding vows. In the heat of the moment, Saba curses Saman.
Saman and Irtiza move to America and soon have a son. Saman dies in an accident, and Saba is guilt-ridden. Saba and Irtiza's families get the duo married. Saba feels guilty and is unable to accept Irtiza as her husband. Irtiza meets with an accident, and Saba confesses her guilt and love for Irtiza. Irtiza consoles Saba and makes her realise that her love has been selfless. Saman's death wasn't Saba's fault. Saba and Irtiza discover their love for each other and decide to give their marriage another chance.
Cast
Main cast
Humayun Saeed as Irtaza Muzaffar
Mahira Khan as Saba Shafiq
Armeena Rana Khan as Saman Shafiq
Recurring cast
Adnan Malik as Aamir
Javed Sheikh as Shafiq (Saba and Saman's father)
Zeba Bakhtiar as Maliha Shafiq (Saba and Saman's mother)
Jahanzeb Khan as Zafar
Junaid Khan as Safir
Azra Mansoor as Saba and Saman's dadi
Annie Zaidi as Talat (Ansar's wife, Maleeha's sister-in-law)
Rashid Khawaja as Ansar (Maleeha's brother)
Huma Nawab as Safeer's mother (young)
Arjumand Azhar as Javed
Shazia Naz as Soniya
Saima Kanwal as Safeer's mother (old)
Sonia Nayyar
Guest cast
Zaheen Tahira as Rehmat Bi
Faiza Hasan as Singer (episode 1)
Adeel Hussain as a dancer in Ballay Ballay song
Saman Ansari as Hira, Aamir's sister (cameo)
Sidra Batool as Shiza (Saba's friend)
Aadi Khan as flower seller (episode 1)
Production
Development
In 2013, it was announced that a drama series is being developed based on Farhat Ishtiaq's novel Bin Roye Ansoo, before the project went into development hell for almost half a year. It was later revealed that Bin Roye will be released as a theatrical film and later on as TV series. Actor Humayun Saeed who played the lead role in film revealed, "Bin Roye is a romantic drama. But it will not just be a film; it will also be turned into a serial to be aired on Hum TV with the same cast."
In July 2015, after the release of film, the drama serial went into production with same cast and crew, with Haissam Hussain replacing Momina Duraid as a co-director with Shahzad Kashmiri. Farhat Ishtiaq wrote the screenplay for series, changing several plot details in contrast to film. In an interview she explained, "Bin Roye the drama has the same cast as in the movie, but things which were not included in movie from the novel will be seen in drama. The shoot is done and most probably will on air somewhere between April and July of this year." This became the Farhat's second consecutive collaboration with Duraid in a year and seventh over all, she recently worked on Diyar-e-Dil (2015) and Udaari (2016), which were the highest-rated and critically acclaimed serials.
In June 2016, it was confirmed that Shiraz Uppal would compose music for series, who also composed three songs for film adaptation. In August 2016, Ishtiaq announced that series would replace, her then running series Udaari and confirmed earlier saying "the play will air this year as the last edits are under process."
Casting
All the cast members from the film reprise their roles, with Humayun Saeed returning in role of Irtaza, Mahira Khan as Saba and Armeena Rana Khan reprise her role as Saman. Initially it was circulated that Fawad Khan and Sanam Baloch has replaced Saeed and Rana in lead roles, before being confirmed by Duraid in August 2016 that no changes has been made in cast. Describing his role differences from film, Humayun said, "there's already a lot of difference between film and TV. In 2 and half hours, we already have to show a very large story in a limited time in a film, but when it comes to television, we personally like the way the story is narrated. Thus, the progression is completely different; you will get to see a lot that you weren't able to see before. You will find a lot more depth in a few characters, plus, a lot more answers to those unanswered questions. Of course, in a series of 20 episodes, a lot changes." While Khan expressed, "It's not really different. Well, there's a whole new track in it which wasn't in the original, so that's new (Laughs)! Saba is the same, I mean, the variation you would see is that you will see a lot more shades to her. Of course, Bin Roye was just 1 hour and 58 minutes, so you will get to see a lot more intricacies in this."
Episodes
Music
The soundtrack of the series is adapted from the film. The original soundtrack of the series is "Bin Roye", that is penned by Shakeel Sohail, and composed and sung by Shiraz Uppal.
Broadcast and release
Bin Roye was originally scheduled to release between April–July 2016, but latter it was announced that it would be released after 2016 Eid-ul-Adha. In August 2016, first trailer for series was released and on 20 September 2016 it was announced that series would on air its pilot episode on 2 October 2016, airing weekly episode on Sundays at 8:00 pm. The show was also released on the iflix app along with some other shows of Hum TV in 2017 but on terminating the contract with app all the episodes were pulled off. In 2019, it was released on Starzplay app. The show is also available on MX Player app and since mid 2020, the show is also streaming on ZEE5.
Critical reception and ratings
Bin Roye received positive reviews with most praising Humayun Saeed's performance. Writing for Dawn News, Sheeba Khan wrote, "Bin Royes TV version fills in plot holes the movie couldn't" and expressed "Humayun Saeed was flawless and his chemistry with Mahira Khan was very evident. He easily fit the typical Farhat Ishtiaq character: kind, really good-looking, and successful. The comfort level and the bond that needed to be shown between Saba and Irtaza was easily visualized, thanks to the directors and actors." Saira Khan of HipInPakistan praised Humayun Saeed's performance, saying "He is the undisputed king of romantic plays. No other actor can play a romantic hero as well as him" and also praised Mahira Khan's performance. Fatima Awan of Reviewit.pk wrote, "The power-packed performances of Humayun Saeed and Mahira Khan proved how much potential this drama had if the story had more substance."
The rating of Bin Roye (blockbuster) made a huge impact in UK. According to BizAsia, the first episode of the series was watched by 65,200 viewers at 20:00 – peaking at 94,300 viewers. The Sunday night slot on the channel is proving a success for the channel after the departure of ‘Udaari’ last week. The drama gained several other high ratings both in Pakistan and U.K. throughout the 17 weeks it aired.
See also
2016 in Pakistani television
List of programs broadcast by Hum TV
References
External links
Official Website
Hum Television
MD Productions
Hum TV original programming
Urdu-language television shows
Pakistani drama television series
Pakistani romantic drama television series
Television series by MD Productions
Television series based on the novels of Farhat Ishtiaq
Television series created by Momina Duraid
Pakistani telenovelas
Pakistani television dramas based on novels
Serial drama television series
2016 Pakistani television series debuts
Television shows set in Lahore
Television series set in Punjab, Pakistan
2017 Pakistani television series endings |
In mathematics, the vertical bundle and the horizontal bundle are vector bundles associated to a smooth fiber bundle. More precisely, given a smooth fiber bundle , the vertical bundle and horizontal bundle are subbundles of the tangent bundle of whose Whitney sum satisfies . This means that, over each point , the fibers and form complementary subspaces of the tangent space . The vertical bundle consists of all vectors that are tangent to the fibers, while the horizontal bundle requires some choice of complementary subbundle.
To make this precise, define the vertical space at to be . That is, the differential (where ) is a linear surjection whose kernel has the same dimension as the fibers of . If we write , then consists of exactly the vectors in which are also tangent to . The name is motivated by low-dimensional examples like the trivial line bundle over a circle, which is sometimes depicted as a vertical cylinder projecting to a horizontal circle. A subspace of is called a horizontal space if is the direct sum of and .
The disjoint union of the vertical spaces VeE for each e in E is the subbundle VE of TE; this is the vertical bundle of E. Likewise, provided the horizontal spaces vary smoothly with e, their disjoint union is a horizontal bundle. The use of the words "the" and "a" here is intentional: each vertical subspace is unique, defined explicitly by . Excluding trivial cases, there are an infinite number of horizontal subspaces at each point. Also note that arbitrary choices of horizontal space at each point will not, in general, form a smooth vector bundle; they must also vary in an appropriately smooth way.
The horizontal bundle is one way to formulate the notion of an Ehresmann connection on a fiber bundle. Thus, for example, if E is a principal G-bundle, then the horizontal bundle is usually required to be G-invariant: such a choice is equivalent to a connection on the principal bundle. This notably occurs when E is the frame bundle associated to some vector bundle, which is a principal bundle.
Formal definition
Let π:E→B be a smooth fiber bundle over a smooth manifold B. The vertical bundle is the kernel VE := ker(dπ) of the tangent map dπ : TE → TB.
Since dπe is surjective at each point e, it yields a regular subbundle of TE. Furthermore, the vertical bundle VE is also integrable.
An Ehresmann connection on E is a choice of a complementary subbundle HE to VE in TE, called the horizontal bundle of the connection. At each point e in E, the two subspaces form a direct sum, such that
TeE = VeE ⊕ HeE.
Example
A simple example of a smooth fiber bundle is a Cartesian product of two manifolds. Consider the bundle B1 := (M × N, pr1) with bundle projection pr1 : M × N → M : (x, y) → x. Applying the definition in the paragraph above to find the vertical bundle, we consider first a point (m,n) in M × N. Then the image of this point under pr1 is m. The preimage of m under this same pr1 is {m} × N, so that T(m,n) ({m} × N) = {m} × TN. The vertical bundle is then VB1 = M × TN, which is a subbundle of T(M ×N). If we take the other projection pr2 : M × N → N : (x, y) → y to define the fiber bundle B2 := (M × N, pr2) then the vertical bundle will be VB2 = TM × N.
In both cases, the product structure gives a natural choice of horizontal bundle, and hence an Ehresmann connection: the horizontal bundle of B1 is the vertical bundle of B2 and vice versa.
Properties
Various important tensors and differential forms from differential geometry take on specific properties on the vertical and horizontal bundles, or even can be defined in terms of them. Some of these are:
A vertical vector field is a vector field that is in the vertical bundle. That is, for each point e of E, one chooses a vector where is the vertical vector space at e.
A differentiable r-form on E is said to be a horizontal form if whenever at least one of the vectors is vertical.
The connection form vanishes on the horizontal bundle, and is non-zero only on the vertical bundle. In this way, the connection form can be used to define the horizontal bundle: The horizontal bundle is the kernel of the connection form.
The solder form or tautological one-form vanishes on the vertical bundle and is non-zero only on the horizontal bundle. By definition, the solder form takes its values entirely in the horizontal bundle.
For the case of a frame bundle, the torsion form vanishes on the vertical bundle, and can be used to define exactly that part that needs to be added to an arbitrary connection to turn it into a Levi-Civita connection, i.e. to make a connection be torsionless. Indeed, if one writes θ for the solder form, then the torsion tensor Θ is given by Θ = D θ (with D the exterior covariant derivative). For any given connection ω, there is a unique one-form σ on TE, called the contorsion tensor, that is vanishing in the vertical bundle, and is such that ω+σ is another connection 1-form that is torsion-free. The resulting one-form ω+σ is nothing other than the Levi-Civita connection. One can take this as a definition: since the torsion is given by , the vanishing of the torsion is equivalent to having , and it is not hard to show that σ must vanish on the vertical bundle, and that σ must be G-invariant on each fibre (more precisely, that σ transforms in the adjoint representation of G). Note that this defines the Levi-Civita connection without making any explicit reference to any metric tensor (although the metric tensor can be understood to be a special case of a solder form, as it establishes a mapping between the tangent and cotangent bundles of the base space, i.e. between the horizontal and vertical subspaces of the frame bundle).
In the case where E is a principal bundle, then the fundamental vector field must necessarily live in the vertical bundle, and vanish in any horizontal bundle.
Notes
References
Differential topology
Fiber bundles
Connection (mathematics) |
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