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John King was the member of Parliament for Gloucester in the Parliament of 1311 and both the parliaments of 1313.
References
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for Gloucester |
Bruce George Wells (born 4 June 1937) was a rugby union player who represented Australia.
Wells, a fly-half, was born in Orange, New South Wales and claimed 1 international rugby cap for Australia.
References
Australian rugby union players
Australia international rugby union players
1937 births
Living people
Rugby union players from New South Wales
Rugby union fly-halves
People from Orange, New South Wales |
The Hart County Library is a single branch public library serving the population of Hart County, Georgia, United States. It is located in Hartwell at 150 Benson Street. In 2016 the library was named Georgia's Public Library of the Year.
Hart County Library is a member of PINES, a program of the Georgia Public Library Service that covers 53 library systems in 143 counties of Georgia. Any resident in a PINES supported library system has access to the system's 10.6 million book collection. The library is also serviced by GALILEO, a program of the University System of Georgia which stands for "GeorgiA LIbrary LEarning Online". This program offers residents in supported libraries access to over 100 databases indexing thousands of periodicals and scholarly journals. It also boasts over 10,000 journal titles in full text.
History
Founding
In 1938 the first iteration of a county library in Hart County began with the Hartwell Woman's Club appointing a library committee and requesting book donations from each member of the community. Books at this time were housed in the Community Woman's Club House and circulated twice a week by volunteers. By 1939, with the advent of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's Public Works Administration, a paid librarian was hired and the collection was moved to a nearby drugstore with rent paid for by various support groups in the community.
In 1941 the Hart County Courthouse underwent renovations and planned to add an annex to house the county library collection. After the addition, the library moved their collection (at the time composed of 600 volumes) into the newly vacant offices of the Ordinary and Clerk of the Court. Here the library was housed until a fire in 1968 burned down the courthouse, along with many of the books. With a county decision to rebuild the courthouse came a new decree that the library would not be included in the new plans. Without a building to house their books, the Hart County library board decided to temporarily join with neighboring Elbert County to create their own small library system named the War Woman Regional Library System.
Current building
In 1973 the library board completed an application with the Georgia Division of Public Library Services for funding of a new library building. The division matched $150,000 raised by the community, and by 1975 the current 10,000 square foot new building finished construction. By 1987, in need of more space, one final addition was added to the library. This new floor space increased the layout of the library by 5,000 square feet, providing space for book stacks, a meeting room, and storage.
In 2016 the Hart County Library was chosen first among 409 other public libraries in the state of Georgia as the Public Library of the Year.
Library systems in neighboring counties
Athens Regional Library System to the west
Elbert County Public Library to the south
References
External links
PINES catalog
County library systems in Georgia (U.S. state)
Public libraries in Georgia (U.S. state)
Libraries established in 1938
1938 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Hartwell, Georgia
Library buildings completed in 1938 |
Michael or Mike Hastings may refer to:
Michael Hastings (playwright) (1938–2011), British playwright, screenwriter, novelist, and poet
Michael Abney-Hastings, 14th Earl of Loudoun (1942–2012), English-born Australian rice farmer, Scottish aristocrat, and pretender to the ancient Crown of England
Michael Hastings, Baron Hastings of Scarisbrick (born 1958), British peer and television executive
Mike Hastings (ice hockey) (born 1966), American coach
Michael Hastings (journalist) (1980–2013), American journalist, author, contributing editor to Rolling Stone and reporter for BuzzFeed
Michael Hastings (politician) (born 1980), member of Illinois State Senate
Michael Harvey Hastings, British neuroscientist
See also
Hastings (name) |
Priscah Jeptoo (born 26 June 1984) is a Kenyan professional long-distance runner who specialises in the marathon. She has won marathons in New York, Paris, Turin, and London and has a best time of 2:20:14 for the distance. She was the runner-up in the marathon at both the World Championships in Athletics in 2011 and the 2012 London Olympics. She ranks third all-time over the half marathon distance with her best of 66 minutes and 11 seconds (and 65:45 minutes on the Great North Run downhill course).
Career
She began competing at top level competitions in 2008 and made the top ten women at the Saint Silvester Road Race that year. In 2009 she began with two wins in Portugal, at the Douro-Tal Half Marathon and then the Corrida Festas Cidade do Porto 15K race. These preceded a course record-breaking run at the Porto Marathon in November, as she recorded a time of 2:30:40 hours for her debut effort. At the start of the following year she took second place at the Padua Marathon. Jeptoo showed marked improvement at the Turin Marathon in November, at which she outran Fate Tola to win the race in a new best time of 2:27:02 hours.
She returned to Kenya in 2011 and came second at the Discovery Kenya Cross Country behind Priscah Jepleting. She won the Goyang Joongang Half Marathon in March, setting a new personal best of 1:10:26 hours for the distance. Jeptoo had a significant breakthrough at the 2011 Paris Marathon: although she did not expect to win, she successfully held off challenges from Agnes Kiprop and Koren Yal to be the first woman across the line, recording a time of 2:22:55 hours. This knocked off more than four minutes from her previous best and was the second fastest run ever recorded on the course.
She won the silver medal in the 2011 World Championships in Athletics in Daegu, finishing in 2:29:00 and placing second behind countrywoman Edna Kiplagat. Jeptoo was part of a Kenyan sweep of the medals, with Sharon Cherop taking the bronze, making it the first time that a country had taken all the medals in the World Championships marathon. She turned to cross country in November 2011 and came third at the Cross de Atapuerca race then won the Cross de Soria. She ran a new course record at the New Year's Eve Saint Silvester Road Race, beating Wude Ayalew to win the event.
At the start of 2012 she finished second to Joyce Chepkirui at the Discovery Kenya Cross Country. She ran a personal best of 2:20:14 at the 2012 London Marathon, taking third place. This performance gained her a place on the Kenyan Olympic team and she went on to take the silver medal in the Olympic marathon. Her time of 2:23:12 was faster than the previous Olympic record, but five seconds behind the winner Tiki Gelana. After the Olympics she won the Portugal Half Marathon and the end-of-year São Silvestre De Luanda races.
She moved up to third on the half marathon all-time lists with a time of 66:11 minutes at the RAK Half Marathon in February 2013, although the exceptionally fast race saw her finish second behind Lucy Kabuu. She won the 2013 London Marathon in a time of 2:20:15, beating the Olympic champion Tiki Gelana, who fell mid-race. In July she won the Bogotá Half Marathon by a margin of over two minutes. In November 2013, she won the New York City Marathon with a time of 2:25:07.
After dropping out of the 2014 London Marathon with a leg injury, Priscah Jeptoo marked her return from injury with a very fast time at the Seven Hills Run 15 km road-race in Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Her time 46:59 makes her the 4th fastest all-time.
Personal life
Jeptoo met Abel Kirui at a training camp and he invited her to visit the Seventh-day Adventist Church that he was a member of. Jeptoo regularly visited the church and got baptized into the Seventh-day Adventist Church and she also married a fellow member. Jeptoo along with fellow Seventh-day Adventists Abel Kirui and Amos Tirop Matui founded Better Living Marathon.
Achievements
World Marathon Majors results
References
External links
1984 births
Living people
People from Nandi County
Sportspeople from Rift Valley Province
Kenyan female long-distance runners
Kenyan female marathon runners
Olympic athletes for Kenya
Olympic silver medalists for Kenya
Athletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
World Athletics Championships athletes for Kenya
World Athletics Championships medalists
Paris Marathon female winners
London Marathon female winners
New York City Marathon female winners
Olympic silver medalists in athletics (track and field)
Kenyan Seventh-day Adventists
Converts to Adventism |
William de Braose (or William de Briouze), First Lord of Bramber (died 1093/1096) was previously lord of Briouze, Normandy. He was granted lands in England by William the Conqueror soon after he and his followers had invaded and controlled Saxon England.
Norman victor
Braose had been given extensive lands in Sussex by 1073. He became feudal baron of the Rape of Bramber where he built Bramber Castle. Braose was also awarded lands around Wareham and Corfe in Dorset, two manors in Surrey, Southcote in Berkshire and Downton in Wiltshire, and became one of the most powerful of the new feudal barons of the early Norman era.
He continued to bear arms alongside King William in campaigns in England, and Normandy and Maine in France.
He was a pious man and made considerable grants to the Abbey of Saint Florent, in Saumur, and endowed the foundation of priories at Sele near Bramber and at Briouze.
He was soon occupying a new Norman castle at Bramber, guarding the strategically important harbour at Steyning, and began a vigorous boundary dispute and power struggle with the monks of Fécamp Abbey in Normandy, to whom William the Conqueror had granted Steyning, brought to a head by the Domesday Book, completed in 1086.
Land disputes
Braose built a bridge at Bramber and demanded tolls from ships travelling further along the river to the busy port at Steyning. The monks challenged this, and they also disputed Braose's right to bury people in the churchyard of his new church of Saint Nicholas at Bramber, demanding the burial fees for themselves, despite the church's having been built to serve the castle and not the town. The monks then produced forged documents to defend their position and were unhappy with the failure of their claim on Hastings, which was very similar. They claimed the same freedoms and land tenure in Hastings as King Edward had given them at Steyning. On a technicality, King William was bound to uphold all rights and freedoms held by the abbey before King Edward's death, but the monks had already been expelled ten years before that. William wanted to hold Hastings for himself for strategic reasons, and he ignored the problem until 1085, when he confirmed the abbey's claims to Steyning but compensated it for its claims at Hastings with land in the manor of Bury, near Pulborough in Sussex. In 1086 King William called his sons, barons and bishops to court (the last time an English king presided personally, with his full court, to decide a matter of law) to settle the Steyning disputes, which took a full day. The result was that the abbey won over William de Braose, forcing him to curtail his bridge tolls, to give up various encroachments onto the abbey's lands, including a farmed rabbit warren, a park, 18 burgage tenements, a causeway, and a channel used to fill his moat. Braose also had to organise a mass exhumation of all Bramber's dead, the bodies being transferred to the abbey's churchyard of Saint Cuthman's in Steyning.
Progeny
William de Braose was succeeded as Lord of Bramber by his son, Philip de Braose, and started an important Anglo-Norman dynasty (see House of Braose).
Death
William de Braose was present in 1093 at the consecration of a church in Briouze, his manor of origin whence originates his family name, thus he was still alive in that year. However, his son Philip was issuing charters as Lord of Bramber in 1096, indicating that William de Braose died sometime between 1093 and 1096.
References
External links
The Braose website
1096 deaths
Anglo-Normans
Norman warriors
Year of birth unknown
Feudal barons of Bramber
People from Bramber |
Dorian Morris Goldfeld (born January 21, 1947) is an American mathematician working in analytic number theory and automorphic forms at Columbia University.
Professional career
Goldfeld received his B.S. degree in 1967 from Columbia University. His doctoral dissertation, entitled "Some Methods of Averaging in the Analytical Theory of Numbers", was completed under the supervision of Patrick X. Gallagher in 1969, also at Columbia. He has held positions at the University of California at Berkeley (Miller Fellow, 1969–1971), Hebrew University (1971–1972), Tel Aviv University (1972–1973), Institute for Advanced Study (1973–1974), in Italy (1974–1976), at MIT (1976–1982), University of Texas at Austin (1983–1985) and Harvard (1982–1985). Since 1985, he has been a professor at Columbia University.
He is a member of the editorial board of Acta Arithmetica and of The Ramanujan Journal. On January 1, 2018 he became the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Number Theory.
He is a co-founder and board member of Veridify Security, formerly SecureRF, a corporation that has developed the world's first linear-based security solutions.
Goldfeld advised several doctoral students including M. Ram Murty. In 1986, he brought Shou-Wu Zhang to the United States to study at Columbia.
Research interests
Goldfeld's research interests include various topics in number theory. In his thesis, he proved a version of Artin's conjecture on primitive roots on the average without the use of the Riemann Hypothesis.
In 1976, Goldfeld provided an ingredient for the effective solution of Gauss' class number problem for imaginary quadratic fields. Specifically, he proved an effective lower bound for the class number of an imaginary quadratic field assuming the existence of an elliptic curve whose L-function had a zero of order at least 3 at . (Such a curve was found soon after by Gross and Zagier). This effective lower bound then allows the determination of all imaginary fields with a given class number after a finite number of computations.
His work on the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture includes the proof of an estimate for a partial Euler product associated to an elliptic curve, bounds for the
order of the Tate–Shafarevich group.
Together with his collaborators, Dorian Goldfeld has introduced the theory of multiple Dirichlet series, objects that extend the fundamental Dirichlet series in one variable.
He has also made contributions to the understanding of Siegel zeroes, to the ABC conjecture, to modular forms on , and to cryptography (Arithmetica cipher, Anshel–Anshel–Goldfeld key exchange).
Together with his wife, Dr. Iris Anshel, and father-in-law, Dr. Michael Anshel, both mathematicians, Dorian Goldfeld founded the field of braid group cryptography.
Awards and honors
In 1987 he received the Frank Nelson Cole Prize in Number Theory, one of the prizes in Number Theory, for his solution of Gauss' class number problem for imaginary quadratic fields. He has also held the Sloan Fellowship (1977–1979) and in 1985 he received the Vaughan prize. In 1986 he was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Berkeley. In April 2009 he was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
Selected works
References
External links
Dorian Goldfeld's Home Page at Columbia University
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellows of the American Mathematical Society
Number theorists
Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Columbia University faculty
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Academic staff of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Academic staff of Tel Aviv University
Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars
University of Texas at Austin faculty
Harvard University Department of Mathematics faculty
Harvard University faculty
1947 births
Living people
People from Marburg |
Leptodon is a genus of birds of prey. Its two members are similar, with a grey head, black upperparts and white underparts.
Species
They are:
Grey-headed kite is a widespread species, breeding from eastern Mexico and Trinidad south to Peru, Bolivia and northern Argentina. However, white-collared kite is restricted to northeastern Brazil, and is classified as Critically Endangered.
References
A guide to the birds of Costa Rica by Stiles and Skutch
Birds of prey
Bird genera
Higher-level bird taxa restricted to the Neotropics |
Jurij Wertatsch was a politician of the mid 17th century in Slovenia, when the country was under the Holy Roman Empire. He became mayor of Ljubljana in 1650. He was succeeded by Janez Steringer in 1657.
References
Mayors of places in the Holy Roman Empire
Mayors of Ljubljana
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
17th-century Slovenian politicians |
Thistledown may refer to:
The soft feathery material which protects the fruiting part of a thistle
Thistledown (film), a 1938 British musical film
Thistledown (racecourse), a thoroughbred racing track in North Randall, Ohio, near Cleveland
Thistledown, Colorado
Thistledown family, characters in The Dark Elf Trilogy by R. A. Salvatore
Operation Thistledown, a World War II operation in Italy
A fictional starship the novel series The Way by Greg Bear
See also
Thistledome |
Mount Irau () is a high mountain located at the border of Pahang and Perak states, Malaysia. Part of the Titiwangsa Mountains, Irau's summit is 2,110 m (6,920 ft), making it the highest mountain in the Cameron Highlands region, as well as the 15th highest mountain in Malaysia.
Cold and misty mossy forest is the unique characteristic of Irau. One must hike about three hours to reach Irau from the base of the mountain.
It takes around 3-4 hours to reach the peak. Usually hikers will park their car at Cameron Square (Basement 2, Free parking) and they will take 4WD ride to go to the starting point of Irau.
Gallery
See also
Cameron Highlands
List of mountains in Malaysia
Irau |
Naga Salira is the name of the dagger of Prince Surianata, the first king of the Kingdom of Banjar, Indonesia.
The dagger is covered by handle made of gold and diamonds. The legend says that it originated from the tongue of a dragon.
References
Daggers
Individual weapons |
Russell "Barney" Stanley (June 1, 1893 – May 16, 1971) was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Vancouver Millionaires of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) and the Calgary Tigers, Regina Capitals and Edmonton Eskimos of the Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL). He was the second head coach of the Chicago Black Hawks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He won the Stanley Cup with the Millionaires in 1915 and was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1963.
Playing career
Stanley was born in Paisley, Ontario, the son of a dairy farmer. He moved west to Medicine Hat, Alberta at 17 to play hockey before settling in Edmonton. He joined the Edmonton Maritimers in 1911–12, then spent the next three seasons as both a player and coach for the Edmonton Dominions and Albertas, all of the Alberta Senior Hockey League. Stanley turned professional in 1915, joining the Vancouver Millionaires of the PCHA. Stanley scored seven goals in his first five regular season contests with Vancouver, of which his first professional goal, in his first game, was assisted by Cyclone Taylor. He won the Stanley Cup with the Millionaires in 1915 as they defeated the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League for the Canadian championship. Stanley scored four goals in the third and deciding game of the series.
Stanley was a Second Team All-Star with the Millionaires in 1918 and remained with the team until the end of the 1919–20 season. He then fought to regain his amateur status so that he could take on the role of player-coach with the Edmonton Eskimos of Alberta's Big-4 League. He left the Eskimos after one year to join the Calgary Tigers and in 1921 once again turned professional as the Tigers joined the newly formed Western Canada Hockey League. He scored 26 goals in 24 games for the Tigers in 1921–22 and was named a league all-star on right wing. His rights were sold to the Regina Capitals following the season where he served as player-coach and was again named the right wing all-star. After two seasons in Regina, he returned to the Eskimos for two more. As player-coach for the Eskimos, Stanley led the team to the top record in the league in 1925–26.
Following the collapse of the WCHL in 1926, Stanley purchased the Eskimos and brought them into the newly formed Prairie Hockey League. Before the season began, however, he sold the team and joined the Winnipeg Maroons. He purchased an ownership stake in the franchise, and signed on as a defenceman and coach for the American Hockey Association team.
Stanley was hired by the Chicago Black Hawks to be their manager and head coach for the 1927–28 NHL season. He managed the club for only 23 games as the team replaced him following a 4–17–2 start to the season, but not before appearing in one regular season contest as a player with the team. Stanley returned to the AHA, playing his final season of hockey with the Minneapolis Millers before retiring in 1929. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1963.
Personal life
Stanley and his wife Muriel Frances (née Sparling) had four children: son Don and daughters Isobel, Dorothy and Frances. Following the death of his first wife in 1951, Stanley married Margaret (Greta) Muir. He had three brothers and a sister. His son was also a hockey player and was a member of Canada's 1950 World Championship team while his nephew Allan Stanley is also a member of the Hockey Hall of Fame.
Following his arrival in Edmonton, Stanley became involved in the dairy industry. He first joined the Edmonton City Dairy in 1913, and remained with the firm for 11 years while he remained an active hockey player. He purchased a share in a dairy farm in 1924, and joined the Northern Alberta Dairy Pool as an assistant manager in 1929 following the conclusion of his playing career. In 1944 he became the general manager of the pool. He held the position until his retirement in 1961.
Remaining active in hockey, Stanley coached the Edmonton Poolers junior team between 1929 and 1933, with Art Potter as his team's manager. He was a member of the hockey committee of the Edmonton Exhibition Association when the Flyers won the Allan Cup national senior championship in 1948. Stanley also designed one of the sport's first hockey helmets, presented to the NHL's board of governors without interest after Chicago's Dick Irvin suffered a fractured skull during a game. A proponent of youth involvement in sport, Stanley served two years as president of Edmonton's junior baseball league, and was also president of the Edmonton and District Hockey Association into the 1940s.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
Coaching record
See also
List of players who played only one game in the NHL
References
Bibliography
Notes
External links
1893 births
1971 deaths
Calgary Tigers players
Canadian ice hockey coaches
Canadian ice hockey forwards
Chicago Blackhawks coaches
Chicago Blackhawks players
Edmonton Eskimos (ice hockey) players
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Ice hockey player-coaches
People from Bruce County
Regina Capitals players
Stanley Cup champions
Vancouver Millionaires players |
Tomislav Prosen (born 24 December 1943 in Sisak) is a retired Yugoslav football player and manager. He is considered one of the greatest players who played for Slovenian club NK Maribor, where he spent much of his career. Prosen is Maribor's second all-time most capped player with 391 appearances between 1962 and 1979. He played in the 1967–68 Mitropa Cup final for Red Star Belgrade as a guest player.
References
1943 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Sisak
Yugoslav men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
NK Maribor players
Yugoslav First League players
Yugoslav Second League players
Yugoslav expatriate men's footballers
NEC Nijmegen players
Eredivisie players
NK Olimpija Ljubljana (1945–2005) players
Red Star Belgrade footballers
Yugoslav football managers
NK Maribor managers |
Jordan Holt (born 17 March 2000) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Annan Athletic in Scottish League Two
Club career
Carlisle United
Born in Carlisle, Holt joined Carlisle United at a young age and went onto make his first-team debut during their EFL Trophy tie against Fleetwood Town in November 2016, featuring for 28 minutes in the 4–2 victory.
Following his debut campaign, Holt agreed to join Northern Premier League side, Workington on loan in August 2017. Making his debut in that month in a 0–0 draw with Stafford Rangers, Holt went onto impress significantly, featuring thirty-five times for the Reds, scoring twice. Proceeding a six-month contract extension with Carlisle, Holt returned to Workington in August 2018 on a one-month loan.
Career statistics
References
External links
2000 births
Living people
English men's footballers
Footballers from Carlisle, Cumbria
Men's association football midfielders
Northern Premier League players
Carlisle United F.C. players
Workington A.F.C. players |
Aleksandra Petrovna Korukovets (; born October 1, 1976), née Sorokina (), is a Russian former volleyball player. She was a member of the national team that won the silver medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.
References
External links
1976 births
Living people
People from Sovetsky District, Saratov Oblast
Russian women's volleyball players
Olympic volleyball players for Russia
Volleyball players at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for Russia
Olympic medalists in volleyball
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Saratov Oblast |
The Portrait of Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier and his Wife (French: Portrait d'Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier et de sa femme) is a double portrait of the French chemist Antoine Lavoisier and his wife and collaborator Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze, commissioned from the French painter Jacques-Louis David in 1788 by Marie-Anne (who had been taught drawing by David). It is now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.
History
David was paid 7,000 livres for the portrait on 16 December 1788. It was not permitted to be put on public display at the Paris Salon for fear that an image of Lavoisier – a figure connected to the royal court and the Ancien Régime – might provoke anti-aristocratic aggression from viewers.
In 1836, the painting was left by Marie-Anne to her great-niece, and it remained in the collection of the comtesse de Chazelles and her descendants until 1924, when it was bought by John Davison Rockefeller. Rockefeller gave it to the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in 1927, and it was acquired from this institution by the Metropolitan Museum in 1977.
Description
The work is painted in oils on a canvas of 259.7 × 194.6 cm.
It shows the couple in Lavoisier's office, with a wood-panelled floor and walls of false marble with three classical pilasters. In the centre the couple face the viewer, with both their heads in three-quarters profile. Marie-Anne is shown standing, looking at the viewer. Her costume is that in fashion at the end of the 18th century – powdered hair, a white dress with a lace-edged ruffled neckline, and a blue fabric sash. She rests on her husband's shoulder, with her right hand leaning on the table.
Antoine Lavoisier is seated, wearing a black vest, culottes, stockings and buckled shoes, a white shirt with a lace jabot and powdered hair. His face turns towards his wife and he rests his left arm on the table, whilst writing with his right hand using a quill pen. The table is covered with scarlet velvet, many papers, a casket, an inkwell with two more quill pens, a barometer, a gasometer, a water still and a glass bell jar. A large round-bottom flask and a tap are on the floor to the right, by the table. To the table's extreme left is a chair with a large document-case and black cloth on it. The document-case, presumed to correspond to Madame's interest in the art of drawing, emphasizes a left-to-right symmetry in the portrait between M. Lavoisier and objects of science visibly displayed on the right, and Madame with her document case of artistic drawings prominently displayed on the left side of the portrait. Significant also is the depiction by David of the wife in a posture physically above the husband, somewhat atypically by late 18th century conventional standards of depicting a married couple in portraiture.
The painting is signed at the lower left: L DAVID, PARISIIS ANNO, 1788.
Recent research has shown that the depiction of Antoine Laurent Lavoisier and Marie Anne Lavoisier was originally as "wealthy tax collectors and fashionable luxury consumers", and the chemical instruments were added later. Marie Anne initially was depicted wearing a hat called a chapeau a la Tarare, suggesting a date of the summer or late fall of 1787; the red cloth over the table originally covered a gilded table in the neoclassical style, and tally books on a shelf behind the couple (repainted into a plain wall), suggesting David's initial portrait depicted a wealthy aristocratic couple which he later altered into a depiction of scientific partners.
Legacy
The painting is on permanent display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.
See also
List of paintings by Jacques-Louis David
References
External links
Europe in the age of enlightenment and revolution, a catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on this painting (see index)
1788 paintings
Lavoisier
Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Lavoisier |
The Norrporten Ladies Open was a women's professional golf tournament on the Swedish Golf Tour and LET Access Series played between 2011 and 2017 in Sundsvall, Sweden.
The tournament was sponsored by Norrporten AB with seat in Sundsvall, and changed its name after the company was acquired by Castellum AB in 2016.
Winners
^Shortened to 36 holes due to weather
References
External links
LET Access Series events
Swedish Golf Tour (women) events
Golf tournaments in Sweden |
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Dashu () is a town under the administration of Quanjiao County, Anhui, China. , it has two residential communities and 8 villages under its administration.
References
Township-level divisions of Anhui
Quanjiao County |
Northwick Park Hospital (NWPH) is a major National Health Service hospital situated in the town of Harrow, North West London, managed by the London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust. It is located off Watford Road in the London Borough of Brent; closely bordering the London Borough of Harrow.
History
The hospital was commissioned by the North West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board in the late 1960s, designed by the British architect John Weeks and built by Trollope & Colls. The design of the hospital was largely inspired by British obsolescence studies, in which a loose-jointed medical complex was created with flexibility to withstand obsolescence's unpredictable effects. With only a fixed internal street system, the architects referred to the hospital as "an indeterminate architecture" with "no final plan" – free to grow and change over time. It was opened by the Queen on 10 October 1970. It takes its name from Northwick Park, which is next to it.
In 1994, St Mark's Hospital, previously located 10 miles away in central London, moved into a wing of the hospital formerly occupied by the Medical Research Council.
In 1997, the hospital returned the worst figures for operations cancelled in the UK. The closure of Edgware General Hospital earlier that year was cited by some as a reason.
In 2005, the hospital's maternity department was named as having one of the highest death rates in the United Kingdom. During the period April 2002 to March 2004, the maternal death rate for the maternity unit was 74.2 per 100,000, 6.5 times the national average of 11.4 per 100,000, as reported by Cemach (Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health). A range of "special measures" designed to improve maternity services and public confidence in the services was agreed with the Trust and these were all complied with within a year, but as of 2016 the Trust's maternity and gynaecology services were rated as "requires improvement" by the Care Quality Commission.
A 2016 Care Quality Commission report rated Northwick Park Hospital as "requires improvement" overall, with only one out of eight assessment areas attaining a better rating. The report highlighted a number of concerns found during inspection visits, including that surgical staff were not always reporting incidents, patients experienced long waits, compliance with safeguarding training was poor, examples of poor infection control practice, a poor environment on the stroke wards, and that nutrition and hydration was poorly managed. The Commission subsequently issued the Trust with a Section 29 (A) warning notice.
Facilities
The hospital provides a full range of services including paediatrics, maxillofacial, orthopaedics, neurology, cardiology, elderly care medicine and a regional rehabilitation unit for patients with additional ongoing acute medical needs.
St Mark's Hospital, a national centre of gastrointestinal medicine, is based at the same site, as is the British Olympic Association's Olympic Medical Institute.
Local charity Radio Harrow is based within the hospital and has provided a patient visiting and broadcasting service since 1971.
Northwick Park is one of the few hospitals in England to have a paternoster lift transport system. Despite being out of use for several years, it was brought back into service during 2020.
Research
Medical research has been conducted at Northwick Park Hospital since its founding. In 1994, some research programs were formalized into an independent charity, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research (NPIMR), which now operates under the brand name of The Griffin Institute. The institute, founded by Colin Green, does translational research.
TGN incident
On 13 March 2006, six men in a clinical trial at the independent Parexel drug trial unit (which is not run by London North West Healthcare NHS Trust) became severely unwell following administration of theralizumab during a first-in-human clinical trial. They were transferred to the intensive therapy unit at Northwick Park. Affected patients developed multi-organ failure and required intensive medical support by the critical care team at Northwick Park, led by Dr Ganesh Suntharalingam.
Notable staff and patients
Simon Le Bon worked as a theatre porter at Northwick Park Hospital before becoming the lead singer for Duran Duran.
"Jeeves", the UK's first ever robot nurse, worked at the hospital for six months in 1996-1997 until it "failed" its probation period.
General Augusto Pinochet was a patient at Northwick Park Hospital in January 2000 while fighting extradition for murder and torture.
In popular culture
Northwick Park is the setting for the Channel 4 British sitcom Green Wing.
The hospital features in the seventh series of ITV's Prime Suspect.
In the 1976 film The Omen, the external scene when Katherine's body falls from a window and crashes into a parked ambulance was filmed at Northwick Park Hospital.
In episode 6, series 1 of Fawlty Towers ("The Germans"), Sybil Fawlty is in Northwick Park Hospital for ingrown toenail surgery. Basil later joins her after he gets concussion during the fire drill.
Northwick Park Hospital features in the ITV2 reality show Emergency Nurses, which started airing in June 2022.
See also
Healthcare in London
List of hospitals in England
Mount Vernon Hospital
Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital
References
External links
London North West Healthcare NHS Trust
Northwick Park Hospital General Information
Report of Healthcare Commission concerning maternity deaths in Northwick Park Hospital
Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Brent
Health in the London Borough of Brent
Hospital buildings completed in 1970
NHS hospitals in London |
Prosopis cineraria, also known as ghaf, is a species of flowering tree in the pea family, Fabaceae. It is native to arid portions of Western Asia and the Indian Subcontinent, including Afghanistan, Bahrain, Iran, India, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Its leaves are bipinnate. It can survive extreme drought. It is an established introduced species in parts of Southeast Asia, including Indonesia.
The ʿGhaf is the national tree of the United Arab Emirates. Through the Give a Ghaf campaign its citizens are urged to plant it in their gardens to combat desertification and to preserve their country's heritage. The desert village of Nazwa in the UAE is home to the Al Ghaf Conservation Reserve.
Prosopis cineraria is also the state tree of Rajasthan (where it is known as Khejri), Western Uttar Pradesh (where it is known as Chhonkara) and Telangana (where it is known as Jammi ) in India. A large and well-known example of the species is the Tree of Life in Bahrain – approximately 400 years old and growing in a desert devoid of any obvious sources of water.
In 1730 AD, the village of Khejarli near Jodhpur in Rajasthan was the scene of a violent environmental confrontation. Amrita Devi and her three young daughters gave their lives in an attempt to protect some Khejri trees which Maharaja Abhay Singh had ordered cut to make way for his new palace. This led to widespread defiance in which 363 people were killed trying to save the trees. In the 1970s, the memory of this sacrifice led to the start of the Chipko movement.
Description
P. cineraria is a small tree, ranging in height from . The leaves are bipinnate, with seven to fourteen leaflets on each of one to three pinnae. Branches are thorned along the internodes. Flowers are small and creamy-yellow and followed by seeds in pods. The tree is found in extremely arid conditions, with rainfall as low as annually; but is indicative of the presence of a deep water table. As with some other Prosopis spp., P. cineraria has demonstrated a tolerance of highly alkaline and saline environments.
The tree should not be confused with the similar-looking Chinese lantern tree, Dichrostachys cinerea. They can be told apart by the flowers. While the Chinese lantern tree has bicolored pink-yellow flowers, the true Shami tree has yellow-colored bristled flowers only, like most other mesquites.
Religious significance
This tree is highly revered among Hindus and worshipped as part of Dusshera festival. This tree takes importance during the tenth day of the Dasara Festival when it is celebrated in various parts of India. Historically, among the Rajputs, the ranas – who were the high priest and the king – used to conduct the worship and then to liberate a jay which was the sacred bird of Lord Rama. In the Deccan, as part of the tenth-day ritual of Dussahera, the marathas used to shoot arrows onto the crown of the tree and gather the falling leaves into their turbans.
The tree is known by different names across the western and northern regions of India, e.g. Shami in Madhya Pradesh, Maharastra & Uttar Pradesh, Jammi in Telangana & Andhra Pradesh, Khijro in Gujarat, Khejri in Rajasthan, Janti in Haryana, and Jand in the Punjab.
In Karnataka, Acacia ferruginea has also been locally referred to as Banni mara instead of the accepted Khejri tree, and accepted as the tree where the Pandavas hid their weapons during exile. There are also some unconfirmed references which consider Acacia ferruginea as the tree which is revered and worshipped on Vijay Dashami day. However, according to historical references, Prosopis cineraria is the tree which is known as the Banni mara and is also the tree which holds a special place in the Mysore Dasara where its worshipped on the Vijay-dashami day.
In the Mahabharata, the Pandavas spent their thirteenth year of exile in disguise in the kingdom of Virata. Before going to Virata, they hung their celestial weapons in this tree for safekeeping for a year. When they returned after a year, they found their weapons safe in the branches of the Shami tree. Before taking the weapons, they worshipped the tree and thanked it for keeping their weapons safe.
Culinary uses
In Thar desert the Singhri or Sangri pods growing on Prosopis cineraria is used in various types of Bhaaji and Kadhi. Singhri is one of the traditional cuisines of the Thar Desert
Medical use
Extract from unripe fruit pods of the plant was shown to ameliorate artificially-induced damage to testes in an animal model.
Leaves of this tree can ameliorate mouth ulcers. Chewing its leaves for a few minutes and letting the juice of the leaves in the mouth, remedies the ulcers. The swelling comes down significantly. Afterward, spit the juice out and brush your teeth.
References
External links
The wonders of the ‘wonder tree’, Tribune India
Meet the Ghaf Tree
cineraria
Drought-tolerant trees
Flora of the Arabian Peninsula
Flora of the Indian subcontinent
Flora of Western Asia
Plants described in 1914
Symbols of Rajasthan |
```c
/* xmtx.c -- mutex support for VC++ */
#include "xmtx.h"
#include <awint.h>
#if !_MULTI_THREAD
#else /* !_MULTI_THREAD */
/* Win32 critical sections are recursive */
void __CLRCALL_PURE_OR_CDECL _Mtxinit(_Rmtx *_Mtx)
{ /* initialize mutex */
__crtInitializeCriticalSectionEx(_Mtx, 4000, 0);
}
void __CLRCALL_PURE_OR_CDECL _Mtxdst(_Rmtx *_Mtx)
{ /* delete mutex */
DeleteCriticalSection(_Mtx);
}
_RELIABILITY_CONTRACT
void __CLRCALL_PURE_OR_CDECL _Mtxlock(_Rmtx *_Mtx)
{ /* lock mutex */
#ifdef _M_CEE
System::Threading::Thread::BeginThreadAffinity();
#endif /* _M_CEE */
EnterCriticalSection(_Mtx);
}
_RELIABILITY_CONTRACT
void __CLRCALL_PURE_OR_CDECL _Mtxunlock(_Rmtx *_Mtx)
{ /* unlock mutex */
LeaveCriticalSection(_Mtx);
#ifdef _M_CEE
System::Threading::Thread::EndThreadAffinity();
#endif /* _M_CEE */
}
#endif /* !_MULTI_THREAD */
/*
* Consult your license regarding permissions and restrictions.
V6.50:0009 */
``` |
Cerberus Shoal was a United States rock band formed in 1994 in Boston but largely based in Portland, Maine. They split up in the mid-2000s with some members going on to form Big Blood and Fire on Fire.
History
The band's initial line-up was Caleb Mulkerin (guitar), Josh Ogden (guitar), Chriss Sutherland (bass guitar, vocals), and Tom Rogers (drums). They took their name from an old book of poems that students at Brown University had written in 1893. This name indirectly references an underwater feature in the Block Island Sound.
After their first, self-titled release in 1995, Kristen Hedges replaced Ogden on guitar and vocals, and David Mulder was added on keyboards and percussion. The new line-up released two Lighthouse in Athens EPs in 1996 and the album ...and Farewell to Hightide in 1997, now having abandoned their earlier punk/psychedelic rock style for a more progressive rock sound that was described as "soundtrack-rock", and "quite simple [arrangements], featuring subtle percussion, occasional horns, and layers of guitars and keyboards".
Hedges left in late 1997, and Mulder left the following year. Thomas Kovacevic then joined on guitar, quena, oud, zamponas and vocals, Eric Laperna on percussion and vocals and Tim Harbeson on keyboards, accordion, flute, shakuhachi and trumpet, all three concurrently of the band Tarpigh. Their 1998 album Elements of Structure/Permanence comprised two long tracks originally intended as soundtracks to short films by Tim Folland, and improvised and recorded while watching the films. Homb was released in 1999, showing another stylistic shift towards more atmospheric music, drawing comparisons with early Pink Floyd, Popol Vuh, and Godspeed You! Black Emperor. This continued through Crash My Moon Yacht in 2000 (on which they introduced East European instrumentation), and Mr. Boy Dog in 2002.
Their 2003 album Chaiming the Knoblessone incorporated influences from around the world and has been described as "a slithering, buzzing cacophony of avant-garde folk insanity", and as "a surreal head trip". The band's latest album is 2005's The Land We All Believe In, described by one reviewer as "a magnanimous, comic investigation into realities both political and otherwise", and as sounding "like a wagonload of circus performers being trampled by an endless stream of rhinos, with horns, accordions and banjos squeaking at random and Eastern European blood running thick on the ground" by another.
The band split up in the mid-2000s with Sutherland and other members resurfacing as acoustic group Fire on Fire, Sutherland also performing solo.
Discography
Albums
Cerberus Shoal (mini-LP) (1995), Stella White
...and Farewell to Hightide (1997), Tree
Elements of Structure/Permanence (1998), A.I.P.
Homb (1999), Temporary Residence
Crash My Moon Yacht (2000), Pandemonium
Mr. Boy Dog (2002), Temporary Residence
Chaiming the Knoblessone (2003), North East Indie
Bastion of Itchy Preeves (2004), North East Indie
Cerberus Shoal (2004), North East Indie
The Land We All Believe In (2005), North East Indie
An Ongoing DING (2010), iscollagecollective
Singles, EPs
Lighthouse in Athens Part One EP (1996), Tree
Lighthouse in Athens Part Two EP (1996), Tree
"Breathing Machine" (1997)
"Garden Fly, Drip Eye" (2001), North East Indie
Travels in Constants vol. 10 EP (2001), Temporary Residence
Split releases
The Whys and the Hows of Herman Düne & Cerberus Shoal (2002), North East Indie - split with Herman Düne
The Ducks and Drakes of... (2003), North Eastern Digital - split with Guapo
The Vim and Vigour of Alvarius B and Cerberus Shoal (2003), North East Indie - split with Alvarius B
The Life and Times Of... (2004), North Eastern Digital - split with Magic Carpathians
References
Musical groups from Boston
Musical groups established in 1994
Musical groups disestablished in the 2000s
American experimental rock groups
Musical groups from Portland, Maine
Musical groups from Maine
Rock music groups from Maine
1994 establishments in Massachusetts
Temporary Residence Limited artists |
Andreas Linger (born 31 May 1981 in Hall in Tirol) is an Austrian former luger who competed internationally since 2000. He and his younger brother Wolfgang began luging at a very young age, and did their first doubles run when they were 14. Linger has won five medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with three golds (Men's doubles: 2003, 2011 and 2012) and two bronzes (Mixed team: 2003 and men's doubles: 2013). He also earned seven medals at the FIL European Luge Championships with a gold (Men's doubles: 2010), three silvers (Men's doubles: 2008, Mixed team: 2008, 2010), and three bronzes (Men's doubles: 2004 and 2014, Mixed team: 2004). The Lingers were overall Luge World Cup men's doubles champions in 2011-12 and scored 15 World Cup race victories. They were two time Olympic champions in the men's doubles event at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy and the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. They won in 2006 despite Wolfgang having broken his leg in a luge crash the previous year. In 2010, they successfully defended their gold medal against another team of brothers, Andris and Juris Šics of Latvia.
Athletic career
Introduction to luge
Andreas competed in a number of sports as a child, including skiing and soccer. He was ten years old when he tried an artificial Iuge track for the first time, on a track that had been used for Olympic events in 1964 and 1976. His brother was one of the few other members of their local luge club who tried it. Even at that young age, Andreas did not think of Iuge as being a particularly dangerous sport. Five years later, when they were both 14, they were allowed to try doubles Iuge for the first time. Despite competing as individuals or in mixed doubles in some events, the Wolfgang and Andreas have seen their most significant success as a doubles team.
2002–2004
The Linger brothers placed 8th in the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah. Their runs were relatively consistent, at 43.330 seconds and 43.354 seconds, but they would still trail their countrymen Tobias and Markus Schiegl. By the following, season, however, the Lingers challenged the Schiegls as the best doubles luge team in Austria, beating the latter at the inaugural Krombacher Challenge Cup and setting a course record there.
2006 Winter Olympics
Linger's brother Wolfgang was injured when he and his brother crashed in an Olympic test run in 2005, breaking the ankle and fibula in Wolfgang's left leg. Only a year after the crash, Linger and his brother competed in their second Winter Olympics, the 2006 Games in Turin, Italy. The doubles competition there saw crashes by three different teams, one of which resulted in a Ukrainian competitor being taken to a hospital in an ambulance. As a result, the event was described in the media as being 'plagued' by crashes. The Lingers managed to win the gold medal, defeating defending 2002 champions André Florschütz and Torsten Wustlich of Germany.
2010 Winter Olympics
The Linger brothers entered the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada defending their 2006 gold medal and as strong favorites to be medal contenders. Controversy surrounded the luge competitions at the 2010 Games following the death of Georgian luger Nodar Kumaritashvili in a crash during a training run prior to the opening of the Games. After Kumaritashvili's death, changes were made in the ice profile of the turn where he crashed, padding was added to support columns like the one he hit, and the start of the doubles competition was moved up to what had previously been the junior start. This meant that competitors only had six training runs on the altered course in which to develop an entirely new strategy for their runs. After the first run, the Linger brothers led their closest competitors, brothers Andris and Juris Šics of Latvia, by a razor-thin margin of .088 seconds. However, they expanded their lead in the second run, winning the gold medal by a cumulative .264 seconds. Their victory prevented the German team at the Games from sweeping all three luge medals, as German competitors had previously won both the men's and women's singles events. Linger told reporters after the victory that it had been more difficult than the medal in Turin four years earlier, given the pressure of being defending champions and the favorite to win.
2014 Winter Olympics
The Linger brothers were unable to make it a hat-trick of golds at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, finishing second to the German duo of Tobias Wendl and Tobias Arlt, whose lead of .522 seconds over the Lingers was the largest winning margin in the history of the Olympic doubles competition. However the silver medal made them the second most successful pairing in Olympic doubles luge, behind Stefan Krauße and Jan Behrendt. Less than six weeks later the Linger brothers announced their retirement from the sport.
Personal life
Linger lives in Absam, Austria, and serves in the Austrian army.
References
External links
1981 births
Living people
Austrian male lugers
Lugers at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Lugers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Lugers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Lugers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Olympic lugers for Austria
Olympic gold medalists for Austria
Olympic silver medalists for Austria
Olympic medalists in luge
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics
People from Hall in Tirol
Sportspeople from Tyrol (state) |
Flying Fox Neemrana is an Indian zipwire, dubbed India's first Zip Tour. The Zip Tour is located at Neemrana Fort Palace, in the village of Neemrana, India south-west of New Delhi. The Zip Tour is situated on an outcrop of the Aravali hill range.
Flying Fox Neemrana was inaugurated on 18 January 2009 by Sri Banerjee, Secretary of Tourism, Government of India and Sir Richard Stagg KCMG, British High Commissioner to India.
Location
The Zip Tour is located in Neemrana, with views of Neemrana Fort Palace, the Aravali hills and the surrounding countryside of Rajasthan.
Lines
There are five lines at the location, navigated in a 2-3 hour tour.
References
External links
http://www.flyingfox.asia/
Tourist attractions in Alwar district
Adventure tourism in India
Zip lines
Neemrana |
Toni Tiente Tiente (born 25 October 1997) is a Cameroonian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Atlanta United 2 in MLS Next Pro.
Career
Early career
Born in Cameroon, but raised in Paris, France, Tiente was part of the Paris FC academy team, appearing on the bench for the club's reserve team in the Championnat National 3 on two occasions in 2015.
In 2017, Tiente moved to the United States to play college soccer at Georgia Gwinnett College. In four seasons with the Grizzlies, Tiente made 70 appearances, scoring 21 goals and tallying 25 assists. He was also a 2020 NAIA and United Soccer Coaches All-America first team selection, set the program's single-season record with 11 assists during 2018 season, won two Association of Independent Institutions titles and helped the Grizzlies reach the Round of 16 at the NAIA national tournament in 2018 and 2019.
While at college, Tiente also appeared for NPSL side Georgia Revolution, where he made 23 appearances and scored three goals across 2018 and 2019. In 2019, he was named to the NPSL Region XI for the South Region.
Senior career
In 2022, Tiente played with UPSL side Kalonji Pro-Profile, before signing a short-term deal with USL Championship club Atlanta United 2 on 24 June 2022. On 19 July 2022, Atlanta made Tiente's move permanent.
International career
In 2014, Tiente was called up to the Cameroon under-20 side for the first time.
References
External links
Gwinnett College profile
Atlanta United profile
1997 births
Living people
Cameroonian expatriate men's footballers
Cameroonian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Cameroonian men's footballers
Cameroon men's youth international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Atlanta United 2 players
Footballers from Paris
National Premier Soccer League players
Paris FC players
USL Championship players
United Premier Soccer League players
Georgia Gwinnett Grizzlies men's soccer players
MLS Next Pro players |
Musa Agha al-Hasi was an Ottoman commander of Arab irregulars in the Galilee under governors Sulayman Pasha al-Adil and Abdullah Pasha.
Biography
Musa Agha came from Faiyum in Upper Egypt. He hailed from the Bedouin Hanadi tribe. When the Ottoman commander Jezzar Pasha stayed in Egypt in the late 18th century, he developed a close association with the Ainawiyeh tribe of the Damanhur region near the Nile Delta. On Jezzar's return to Palestine to end the autonomous rule of Zahir al-Umar and his sons on behalf of the Sublime Porte, he took with him a contingent of Ainawiyeh tribesmen and gave them the honorary name of 'Arab al-Hawwara, which was meant to associate them with the well-known, but unrelated, Upper Egyptian tribe, who were "distinguished ... in bravery, horsemanship and equipments", according to Macalister and Masterman.
Following his death in 1804, Jezzar, who had become the Acre-based governor of Sidon Eyalet, was succeeded by Suleiman Pasha al-Adil. In 1811, Musa moved to Gaza in Palestine. Musa sought to enjoy the favor Suleiman and his predecessor gave to the Hawwara tribesmen and requested military service. Suleiman made him a commander of the Hawwara horsemen and his successor Abdullah Pasha promoted Musa to be in charge of an even larger Hawwara contingent. Along with his co-commander, Ali Abu Zayd Agha, Musa was in charge of 400 horsemen. According to the Macalister and Masterman, Musa "was famed for his bravery and generosity."
According to Macalister and Masterman, Musa died during Abdullah Pasha's siege of Sanur. However, according to historian Alexander Schölch, he died in Gaza in 1830. Musa left three sons, Ali, Aqil, and Salih. Aqil succeeded his father as the Hawwara's commander.
References
Bibliography
1830 deaths
19th-century Egyptian people
19th-century Ottoman military personnel
Arab people from Ottoman Palestine
People from Faiyum
People from Gaza City |
```objective-c
/*
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY APPLE COMPUTER, INC. ``AS IS'' AND ANY
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
* PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL APPLE COMPUTER, INC. OR
* CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
* EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
* PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
* PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
* OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#ifndef VTTRegionList_h
#define VTTRegionList_h
#include "bindings/core/v8/ScriptWrappable.h"
#include "core/html/track/vtt/VTTRegion.h"
#include "wtf/PassRefPtr.h"
#include "wtf/RefCounted.h"
#include "wtf/Vector.h"
namespace blink {
class VTTRegionList final : public RefCountedWillBeGarbageCollected<VTTRegionList>, public ScriptWrappable {
DEFINE_WRAPPERTYPEINFO();
public:
static PassRefPtrWillBeRawPtr<VTTRegionList> create()
{
return adoptRefWillBeNoop(new VTTRegionList());
}
unsigned long length() const;
VTTRegion* item(unsigned index) const;
VTTRegion* getRegionById(const String&) const;
void add(PassRefPtrWillBeRawPtr<VTTRegion>);
bool remove(VTTRegion*);
DECLARE_TRACE();
private:
VTTRegionList();
WillBeHeapVector<RefPtrWillBeMember<VTTRegion>> m_list;
};
} // namespace blink
#endif // VTTRegionList_h
``` |
The gotuvadyam is a 20 or 21-string fretless lute-style veena in Carnatic music from around the late 19th and early 20th centuries, named by Sakha Rama Rao from Tiruvidaimarudur, who was responsible for bringing it back to the concert scene.
It is also known as chitravina (), chitra veena, chitraveena, chitra vina, hanumad vina and mahanataka vina.
Today it is played mainly in South India, though its origins can be traced back to Bharata's Natya Shastra (200 BCE-200 CE), where it is mentioned as a seven string fretless instrument. Sarangadeva (1210–47) also made a similar reference to the chitravina in his work, Sangita Ratnakara.
Recent history
As a chitravina it was popularised in South India by Sakha Rama Rao before his disciple Gotuvadyam Narayana Iyengar (1903 - 1959), who was a palace musician of the erstwhile States of Travancore and Mysore took it to great heights. Iyengar's son, Chitravina Narasimhan (b. 1941) was instrumental in spreading his father's stringing and tuning methods as well as playing style.
Construction and tuning
Since its first reference in the Natya Shastra, The chitravina has undergone numerous developments and is today shaped like the South Indian veena.
There are six main strings used for melody that pass over the top of the instrument, three drone strings and 11 or 12 sympathetic strings running parallel to and below the main strings. Among the more prominent solo instruments in Carnatic music, it is also seen in collaborative world music concerts and north-south Indian jugalbandis.
The chitravina is generally tuned to G sharp (5 and 1/2) and played with a slide like a Hawaiian steel guitar and the north Indian vichitra veena. The approach to tuning is similar to the sitar in the context of the 11-12 sympathetic resonance strings (from the low Pa to high Sa), similar to the Saraswati veena in the context of the three drone (tala) strings (Sa-Pa-Sa), but is unique in terms of the top-layer main playing six strings, which are configured as 3 tonic strings (sa), 2 fifth strings (pa) and 1 base tonic string (sa). The 3 and 2 include an octave string which gives the instrument a unique tone.
The fretless nature of the instrument, Narayana Iyengar's stringing methods have made its tone 'reminiscent of the human voice.'
Playing technique
The index and middle fingers of the right hand are usually used with plectra to pluck the metal melody strings while a cylindrical block made out of hardwood (often ebony), buffalo horn, glass, steel, or teflon held by the left hand is used to slide along the strings to vary the pitch.
Contemporary use
Narayana Iyengar's grandson Chitravina N. Ravikiran (b. 1967) plays the instrument and is the inventor of a variant, the navachitravina (which is typically tuned to B or C).
Other exponents of the instrument include Budaloor Krishnamurthy Shastri (1894 - 1978), A Narayana Iyer, Mannargudi Savithri Ammal, Allam Koteeshwara Rao (1933 -), M V Varahaswami, Allam Durgaprasad, Chitravina P Ganesh (b. 1976), Madhavachar, Kiranavali (Chitravina), Shashikiran, Gayatri Kassabaum, Lalitha Krishna, Vishaal Sapuram and Bhargavi Balasubramanian, Anahita Ravindran, Apoorva Ravindran. Seetha Doraiswamy, known more as a jala tarangam exponent, used to play the Balakokila, a smaller version of the chitravina.
See also
References
Natya Shastra, Bharata (2nd century BC-2nd century AD)
Sangita Ratnakara, Sarangadeva
Chitravina N Ravikiran website
Journals of The Music Academy, Madras
South Indian Music, Prof Sambamurthy
External links
Chitravina page from N. Ravikiran site
Carnatic music instruments
String instruments with sympathetic strings |
Babylon by Bus is a live album released by Bob Marley and the Wailers in 1978. The tracks on this album are considered, with two exceptions, to be from the Pavillon de Paris concerts over 3 nights, 25–27 June 1978, during the Kaya Tour, though there are discrepancies in the track listing.
Like the 1973 album Catch a Fire, the first release had something of a novelty cover. The windows of the bus on the front cover were cut out, revealing part of the inner sleeve. As this was a double album, the listener had a choice of four different scenes to view through the windows.
Set list
"Heathen", "Lively Up Yourself" and "Concrete Jungle" were not as common as the rest of the album on the tour, with 2 of the 3 more than likely played on any given night, but not always, and were only ever all played on the same night twice: at the Pinecrest Country Club in Shelton, Connecticut, 14 June and the Music Inn in Lenox, Massachusetts 18 June, which was one of the longest shows ever played by the band with 22 songs, but none were played at the Paris concerts. "Rebel Music", "Positive Vibration", "Jamming", "Exodus", "War / No More Trouble" and "Punky Reggae Party" were nearly always played at some point of each concert, though were mixed up some times with other songs like "Get Up, Stand Up", which does not appear on this album. The song "Is This Love" was also not common on this tour, though was played in Paris. The track "Kinky Reggae" was not played on the Kaya tour and in fact had not been played since the 1976 Rastaman Vibration tour, so it is unclear which concert this version is from.
Track listing
Original album (1978)
The Definitive Remasters edition (2001)
Personnel
Musicians
Bob Marley – lead vocals, rhythm guitar
Carlton Barrett – drums
Aston "Family Man" Barrett – bass
Tyrone "Organ D" Downie – keyboards
Junior Marvin – lead guitar
Alvin "Seeco" Patterson – percussion
Al Anderson – lead guitar
Earl "Wire" Lindo – keyboards
Rita Marley – backing vocals
Marcia Griffiths – backing vocals
Judy Mowatt – backing vocals
Production
Bob Marley and the Wailers – producer
Chris Blackwell – producer
Jack Nuber – engineering mixer
Neville Garrick – graphic art
Barry Diament, Rob Fraboni remastering audio engineer
Ted Jensen – mastering engineer
Charts
Certifications
References
Bob Marley and the Wailers live albums
1978 live albums
Albums produced by Chris Blackwell
Island Records live albums
Tuff Gong albums |
Andrzej Tadeusz Gąsienica-Mąkowski (born February 15, 1952 in Zakopane) is a Polish Goral politician and poet who led the Nonpartisan Bloc for Support of Reforms in 1993. He led the party in the 1993 Polish parliamentary election where the party won 16 seats. He also served as mayor of Tatra country.
He graduated from the Cracow University of Technology Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, he went on to work as a teacher. He was a member of parliament of a term from the list of the Gorals and the second term from the list BBWR. He was reelection in the parliamentary elections in 1997 (received 12 918 votes). Since 1998, he has continued as a councilor, and later governor of the Tatra County, re-elected to both of these offices in 2006 and 2010. In 1996–2002 he headed the Union of the Highlanders. He is the leader of a local group Unity of Tatra. He joined the Christian Movement for Self-Government, he served as deputy chief of the council.
References
People from Zakopane
Jagiellonian University alumni
Polish schoolteachers
1952 births
Living people
Members of the Polish Sejm 1993–1997
Polish Gorals |
Ancistrus clementinae is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Pozuelos River basin, which is part of the Guayas River drainage in Ecuador. The species reaches 10.2 cm (4 inches) SL.
References
clementinae
Fish described in 1937
Fish of Ecuador |
Steve Livingston is an American politician. A Republican, he has served as a member of the Alabama State Senate from the 8th District since January 2015.
In May 2019, he voted to make abortion a crime at any stage in a pregnancy, with no exemptions for cases of rape or incest.
References
External links
Biography at Alabama Legislature
Living people
Republican Party Alabama state senators
21st-century American politicians
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Fathallah Abd Al-Latif Al-Zani is a Libyan politician who has served as acting Minister of Foreign Affairs since August 2023. He had previously served as youth minister since 2021.
He addressed the General debate of the seventy-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly in September 2023.
References
See also
List of current foreign ministers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Foreign ministers of Libya
Youth ministers of Libya |
James Francis Moroney (December 4, 1883 – February 26, 1929) was an American professional baseball player. His professional career spanned from 1904 to 1914, making 25 appearances and throwing 92.2 innings in the majors. These included stints with the Boston Beaneaters, Philadelphia Phillies and Chicago Cubs.
Sources
1883 births
1929 deaths
Major League Baseball pitchers
Boston Beaneaters players
Chicago Cubs players
Philadelphia Phillies players
Baseball players from Boston
Lowell Tigers players
Oswego (minor league baseball) players
Lawrence Colts players
Rochester Bronchos players
Baltimore Orioles (International League) players
Providence Grays (minor league) players
Utica Utes players
Scranton Miners players
Wilkes-Barre Barons (baseball) players
Baseball players from Philadelphia |
The Lorquin Entomological Society is a century-old association of professional and amateur entomologists, biologists and naturalists that meet regularly to study and promote entomology and natural history, especially about wildlife in and near Southern California.
History
The Lorquin Natural History Club was started in June 1913 by Fordyce Grinnell Jr. A constitution committee was formed in July, and a constitution adopted at the August meeting. It was named after French entomologist Pierre Joseph Michel Lorquin, who collected specimens in California during the California Gold Rush. Early members included not only entomologists like Grinnell, but herpetologists, botanists, an ornithologist, a conchologist, a geologist, and seismologist Charles F. Richter, whose specialty at the time was astronomy. Monthly meetings were held in private homes.
The group was renamed the Lorquin Entomological Club in 1917 and its meetings moved to the Los Angeles Public Library. In 1919 the club began meeting in the Southwest Museum in Highland Park. Early club activities included field trips into the hills and canyons beyond the termini of the Red Cars of the Pacific Electric and the Yellow Cars of the Los Angeles Railway. It was an era when a butterfly collector could net over 500 in a single day and take over 100 species in the Los Angeles area. The club held their first Butterfly Show February 24–26, 1921, at the Southwest Museum. Among other things it featured a lecture on butterfly hunting, illustrated by stereopticon slides, by museum director John Adams Comstock.
The Butterfly Show became an annual, month-long event, sponsored by the Museum of History, Science, and Art. In 1926, the Southwest Museum narrowed its scope. Natural history exhibits and specimens were transferred to the Museum of History, Science, and Art. In January 1927, the club moved its meetings there as well, and changed its name to the Lorquin Entomological Society. Comstock, who had been director of the Southwest Museum from 1921 to 1926, published his landmark Butterflies of California in 1927. Early in 1928 he became Acting Director of the Museum of History, Science, and Art. He served several terms as president of the society. Under his influence, and that of his colleague Charles Montagu Dammers, the society's emphasis evolved from collecting to life history studies. Members in the late 1920s and early 1930s included biologists John Shrader Garth, Jeane Daniel Gunder, Lloyd M. Martin, and Don Meadows.
In 1929, the society decided that California should name a state insect. They prepared ballots listing three butterfly candidates and sent them to entomologists throughout the state. The nominees were the Lorquin's admiral (Limenitis lorquini), the California sister (Heterochroa californica), and the California dog head or Flying pansy (Zerene eurydice). The California dog head won handily, with 77 votes out of 88 cast. The state legislature took note, and the Bureau of Entomology in the California Department of Agriculture began to use a likeness of the California dog head, labeled "California State Insect" on its documents. No further action took place, however, until 1972, when Assemblyman Kenneth L. Maddy introduced Assembly Bill No. 1843 to make what was by then known as the California dogface the official state insect. Governor Ronald Reagan signed the bill into law on July 28, 1972, making California the first in the nation to have a state insect.
In 1986, Steven R. Kutcher, a member of the society, organized the first annual Insect Fair at the Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden. It featured exhibits by the society and others, demonstrations, and lectures. When the fair outgrew the Arboretum, it was moved in 1989 to the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (the erstwhile Museum of History, Science, and Art). Eventually the Natural History Museum took over organizing the fair and has done so since. What is now known as Bug Fair, and bills itself as "the biggest bug festival in North America", draws 20,000 visitors to its interactive exhibits, vendor tables, and insect menus.
The society has counted as members many academics, authors, and museum curators in the field of entomology, such as brothers John F. and Thomas C. Emmel, Cristopher Henne, Charles L. Hogue and son James N. 'Jim' Hogue, Noel McFarland, and Rudolf H. T. Mattioni. Members are active in research, environmental protection, habitat restoration, species surveys, entomological outreach, and natural history education. As of 2013, membership stood at just over 100. Regular meetings with speakers are held on the fourth Friday of every month, at BioQuip (a biological supply house in Rancho Dominguez) since remodeling ousted the society from the Natural History Museum in 2009.
Publications
The club published eighteen monthly issues of Lorquinia between August 1916 and January 1919. They contained botanical and entomological papers and notes. Since about 1955, it has published a newsletter (10 issues per year), most recently called NetWork. In 1999, it published a book by Robert Lee Allen, Stalking the wild arthropod: The Lorquin Entomological Society's guide to photographing arthropods.
References
Further reading
External links
Lorquin Entomological Society (Facebook)
Entomological societies
Scientific organizations established in 1913
Zoology organizations based in the United States
1913 establishments in California
Organizations based in Los Angeles |
Richard John Tait (January 17, 1964 – July 25, 2022) was a Scottish-born American board game creator.
Biography
Born in Scotland, Tait attended Heriot-Watt University, where he studied computer science. Later, he moved to the United States and joined Tuck School of Business for his master's degree.
After his graduation from Tuck School, he joined Microsoft as a software developer. During his tenure, he hired Satya Nadella, the current CEO of Microsoft. He left Microsoft in 1997.
In 1998, Tait co-created a board game, Cranium.
Tait died from complications of COVID-19 on July 25, 2022, at his home in Bainbridge Island, Washington. He was 58.
References
1964 births
2022 deaths
Scottish emigrants to the United States
Board game designers
Alumni of Heriot-Watt University
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Washington (state) |
Bertrand Nompar de Caumont, marquis de La Force (1 August 1724 – 22 January 1773) was a French nobleman, the son of Jean François de Caumont (1694 – 1755) and Jeanne de Maury (died 1770). He was a knight, and held the titles of seigneur de Beauvilla then marquis de La Force, Caumont and Taillebourg, comte de Mussidan and baron de Castelnau-Les-Milandes. In the royal household he was appointed as Garde du Corps du Roi and Gentilhomme de la Chambre.
Marriage and issue
He married 5 June 1757 Adélaïde Luce de Galard de Brassac, (1739 – 1829), granddaughter of Armand-Nompar II de Caumont, duc de la Force. The couple had four sons and eight daughters:
Anne Jacobe, (19 August 1758 – ), married François Marie Armand, marquis Piovera
Jacques Armand, marquis de La Force, (1759–1762)
Catherine, (c. 1760 – ), married Gilbert de Gironde Comte de Pille
Alexandre Nompar,(1764 – 1765)
Renée Philiberte, (c. 1765 – )
Anne Philiberte, (1766 – 1777)
Louis Joseph Nompar, married 11 May 1784, Sophie Pauline d'Ossun (1772 – )
François Pierre Bertrand, (29 November 1772 – 28 March 1854), comte then marquis de Caumont La force
Josephine Louise, married in 1779, comte de Béthune
Marie, married 8 March 1781, Anne Louis François, Marquis de Lordat, comte de Bram
Catherine, married 1 August 1784, Hippolyte César de Moretoul
Louise Josephine, (1769 – ), married Marc Antoine Alexandre Dieudonné Edmond, comte de Mesnard
He died 22 January 1773 in Versailles. His widow, Adelaide de Galard, died in October 1829
Footnotes
Sources
External links
Bertrand Nompar de Caumont Family tree
Seigneurs de Caumont-La Force Lineage of the lords of Caumont and Dukes of La Force
1724 births
1773 deaths
Marquesses of La Force
French marquesses
Barons of France |
Andrea Soncin (born 5 September 1978) is an Italian football coach and former player who is currently in charge of the Italian women's national team.
Football career
Soncin started his professional career at Solbiatese of Serie C2. He then played for Venezia youth team and then loaned back to Solbiatese for a season, and then for Vigevano in Serie D.
He then moved to Perugia of Serie A but left for Sambenedettese of Serie C1 after two months.
In the 2003–04 season, he first played for Fiorentina at Serie B then for Pistoiese at Serie C1. He was loaned to Lanciano of Serie C1 in the summer of 2004. He enjoyed his best season in a professional league with them, scoring 21 goals.
Atalanta
On 21 July 2005, Serie B recently relegated Atalanta signed Soncin. He made 31 league games in his first full Serie B season, and saw he followed Atalanta returned to Serie A.
On 17 September 2006, he made his Serie A debut in a league game against Catania. He just managed to play for Atalanta eight times that season, scoring once against Triestina in a Coppa Italia game.
Ascoli
On 27 January 2007, he was on loan to Ascoli to help the club avoid relegation.
He scored six goals for the club, just one goal behind the team's top scorer Saša Bjelanović, who played ten more games than Soncin.
At the end of season, Ascoli finished 19th, fail to avoid relegation.
Padova
He signed a 2+1 contract with Padova in August 2009. Soncin left Padova at the end of season.
Grosseto
Return to Ascoli
Avellino
On 13 August 2013 he was signed by Avellino.
Pavia
On 17 July 2014 he was signed by A.C. Pavia.
AlbinoLeffe (loan)
On 31 August 2015 Soncin was signed by AlbinoLeffe, on loan from Pavia.
Montebelluna
On 24 October 2016 Soncin was signed by Serie D club Montebelluna.
Coaching career
On 27 April 2022, he was appointed caretaker of Venezia for the final five games of the club's 2021–22 Serie A campaign. He failed to escape the club from relegation and was not offered the permanent job as a consequence, thus moving back to his previous role as youth coach.
On 1 November 2022, following the dismissal of Ivan Javorčić as head coach, Soncin was again appointed interim head coach. He guided the club for a single game, a 0–1 defeat to Como, before being replaced by new permanent head coach Paolo Vanoli on 7 November 2022.
On 8 September 2023, Soncin was unveiled as the new head coach of the Italian women's national team, with Viviana Schiavi as his assistant.
Managerial statistics
Honours
Atalanta
Serie B: 2005–06
References
External links
aic.football.it
Italian men's footballers
Venezia FC players
ACF Fiorentina players
SS Virtus Lanciano 1924 players
Atalanta BC players
US Pistoiese 1921 players
AC Perugia Calcio players
Ascoli Calcio 1898 FC players
Calcio Padova players
US Grosseto 1912 players
US Avellino 1912 players
ASD SolbiaSommese Calcio players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie C players
Serie D players
Men's association football forwards
People from Vigevano
1978 births
Living people
Vigevano Calcio players
Footballers from the Province of Pavia
Italian football managers
Venezia FC managers
Serie A managers
Italy women's national football team managers |
Louisiana's 22nd State Senate district is one of 39 districts in the Louisiana State Senate. It has been represented by Republican Fred Mills since 2011.
Geography
District 22 covers parts of Iberia, Lafayette, St. Landry, and St. Martin Parishes to the east of the city of Lafayette, including some or all of New Iberia, St. Martinville, Breaux Bridge, Port Barre, and Broussard.
The district overlaps with Louisiana's 3rd and 5th congressional districts, and with 38th, 46th, 48th, 49th, and 96th districts of the Louisiana House of Representatives.
Recent election results
Louisiana uses a jungle primary system. If no candidate receives 50% in the first round of voting, when all candidates appear on the same ballot regardless of party, the top-two finishers advance to a runoff election.
2019
2015
2011
Federal and statewide results in District 22
References
Louisiana State Senate districts
Iberia Parish, Louisiana
Lafayette Parish, Louisiana
St. Landry Parish, Louisiana
St. Martin Parish, Louisiana |
Devizes railway station was the railway station serving Devizes in Wiltshire, England between 1857 and 1966. The station was on the Devizes branch line, between Pans Lane Halt and Bromham & Rowde.
Early plans
The idea of having a railway station in Devizes was first conceived in 1830 before the Great Western Railway (GWR) had begun to construct their main lines. Devizes was regularly considered by the GWR as a main stop on its London to Bristol Line but lost out to Swindon due to its smaller population and lower growth rate. A station in Devizes was needed to support industry and agriculture in the town, as its only transport route was the Kennet and Avon Canal, opened in 1810.
A branch to Devizes was included in plans for the Wilts, Somerset and Weymouth Railway, authorised by Parliament in 1845, but that company was sold to the GWR in 1850.
West from Devizes
In 1854 the GWR finally began to build from near on the former WS&WR line eastward to Devizes, completing the branch in 1857.
Devizes station opened on 1 July 1857. After starting with seven trains a day, services were reduced to four a day, most probably due to overinflated claims of traffic before the line was built.
East from Devizes
In 1862, the GWR extended its Reading-Hungerford line westward via to Devizes, reaching the station through a tunnel under Devizes Castle. This began the busiest period for the station, with trains running from London through Devizes to either Bath and Bristol or the West Country.
Traffic on the line reduced from 1900 after the GWR opened the Stert and Westbury Railway between Patney and Chirton and Westbury, which by-passed the steep gradients of Devizes and provided a faster route from London.
Closure
The Devizes line and all its stations were closed in 1966 under the Beeching Axe; the track was taken up and the station buildings were later demolished.
Today there is little trace of a railway station in Devizes. The road bridge over the old Pans Lane Halt station and the footbridge at Devizes remain. The tunnel built under Devizes Castle has been bricked up at one end and is a commercial property at the other end (a shooting range as of 2011). In place of the station, there is now a public car park and a new property development, both on Station Road.
Future plans
In 2018, proposals were made for a station at Clock Inn Park, Lydeway, southeast of Devizes where the Reading–Taunton line is crossed by the A342 road. In 2020 the project, referred to by some as Devizes Gateway, received funding from the Department for Transport for a feasibility study. In early 2023, Network Rail continued to work on a more detailed study with assistance from Wiltshire Council and Devizes Development Partnership.
References
Disused railway stations in Wiltshire
Former Great Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1857
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1966
Beeching closures in England
Devizes
1857 establishments in England |
VoNR or 'Voice over New Radio' (also referred to as Voice over 5G or Vo5G) is a 5G high-speed wireless communication standard for mobile phones and data terminals, including Internet of things (IoT) devices and wearables. VoNR fully utilizes the 5G Standalone (SA) core and can have better voice quality than its predecessor Voice over Long Term Evolution (VoLTE). Call setup time is faster than VoLTE due to the inherent lower latency of 5G NR. 5G VoNR removes the LTE anchor allowing the voice call to stay on a 5G network.
VoNR calls are usually charged at the same rate as other calls.
To be able to make a VoNR call, the device, its firmware, and the mobile telephone provider must all support the service in the area, and be able to work together.
See also
Voice over LTE
Video over NR (ViNR)
IMT-2020 – the International Telecommunication Union standards
List of 5G NR networks
References
What is 5G VoNR?
Standalone 5G vs. Non-Standalone 5G
5G | ShareTechnote
5G (telecommunication)
Mobile technology
Telecommunications-related introductions in 2021
Voice over IP |
The American Fund for Public Service, commonly known as the Garland Fund, was a philanthropic organization established in 1922 by Charles Garland. The fund, administered by a group of trustees headed by Roger Baldwin of the American Civil Liberties Union, ultimately disbursed some $2 Million to a variety of radical and left wing institutions, including the Federated Press labor news service, the Vanguard Press publishing house, The New Masses magazine, The World Tomorrow magazine, and to the legal defense fund associated with the 1926 Passaic Textile Strike, as well as a host of similar projects. The fund was terminated in 1941.
Institutional history
Establishment of the fund
In 1920, Charles Garland informed the executor of his father's estate that he would refuse to accept a $1 Million inheritance from the estate of his deceased father. Garland explained to a reporter at the time that he would not accept money from "a system which starves thousands while hundreds are stuffed" and which "leaves a sick woman helpless and offers its services to a healthy man." Garland indicated to this reporter that he was not refusing to accept these funds because of socialist beliefs, but rather because as part of his study of the teachings of Jesus Christ and the works of Leo Tolstoy and H.G. Wells, he had come to the earnest belief that the money "is not mine."
Hearing of the young man's decision to refuse his inheritance and his rationale, the socialist author Upton Sinclair urged Garland to accept the money not for his personal gain, but rather to put it to a higher use. Sinclair suggested making $100,000 donations to a set of specific organizations seeking to change the economic and social system of which Garland disapproved. These organizations favored by Sinclair included The Liberator magazine, the socialist daily newspaper The New York Call, the communist daily newspaper The Daily Worker, the Federated Press news service, the Intercollegiate Socialist Society, the American Civil Liberties Union, the American Union Against Militarism, and the magazine edited by 1916 Socialist Party Presidential candidate Allan L. Benson, Reconstruction. While Garland did not immediately take action upon this suggestion, it seems as though the idea of accepting the inheritance in the name of establishing a radical philanthropic organization derives from this time.
In 1921, Garland was approached by Roger Baldwin, head of the American Civil Liberties Union, probably through ACLU attorney Walter Nelles, a law partner of Swinburne Hale, who had recently married Garland's widowed mother. Baldwin convinced Garland to accept his father's inheritance and to establish with it a "national trust fund" which would aid efforts to expand "individual liberty and the power of voluntary associations."
On July 5, 1921, the American Fund for Public Service was formally incorporated by Lewis Gannett of the New York World, Robert Morss Lovett of the University of Chicago, and Roger Baldwin. In July 1922, it was formally announced that Garland would use $800,000 of his inheritance to endow the fund. The money behind the fund was held in the form of securities at the First National Bank of New York. In preparation for the task of distributing the funds, Roger Baldwin reached out to the Rockefeller, Carnegie, and Russell Sage foundations to determine how those philanthropies handled grant requests.
The board of directors included Roger Baldwin, H. H. Broach, Robert W. Dunn, Morris L. Ernst, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, William Z. Foster, Lewis Gannett, Benjamin Gitlow, Clinton S. Golden, James Weldon Johnson, Freda Kirchwey, Clarina Michelson, Robert Morss Lovett, Scott Nearing, and Norman M. Thomas.
According to the James Weldon Johnsons's autobiography:
While the board of directors in charge of distributing grants from the Garland Fund exhibited great cooperation during its initial phase, gradually the fratricidal hostility which characterized American radical politics in the 1920s made its way into the board's discussions. The board seemed to split between a Communist left and Socialist right wings, with a small number of centrists tipping the balance.
After the successful establishment of the fund, Garland "took up a farmer's life."
Notable contributions by the fund
From an early date the Garland Fund's board of directors determined not to give money directly to political parties, instead targeting funds to groups or institutions engaged in original groundbreaking efforts on behalf of the working class or oppressed minority groups. Some of the institutions receiving significant financial injections included the Rand School of Social Science, Brookwood Labor College, the Furrier's Union, and the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union.
At end of the 1920s, the Garland Fund earmarked a fund for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, to finance "a large-scale, wide-spread, dramatic campaign to give the Southern Negro his constitutional rights, his political and civil equality, and therewith a self-consciousness and self-respect which would inevitably tend to effect a revolution in the economic life of the country. . ." The lawyer Nathan Ross Margold was retained by the NAACP to lead the legal drive based on these. He produced the Margold Report, outlining a different strategy for a legal drive funded by the Garland Fund. Based on this strategy, he argued Nixon v. Condon in front of the Supreme Court and won, overturning a Texas state strategy to exclude blacks from voting in national primaries. The Texas Democratic party was quick to adjust, however, finding a new way to circumvent the law, demonstrating the weakness of Margold's strategy. After granting almost $20,000 of the $100,000 initially earmarked for the NAACP, the fund ended its support - the stock-market crash had demolished much of the fund's resources.
Termination of the fund
On June 18, 1941, the board of directors of the American Fund for Public Service announced that it had voted to terminate the fund, returning its "few remaining assets" to Charles Garland. Garland was assigned $24,626.18 in outstanding loans, as well as the organization's final cash balance of $1,619.13. Over the course of its 19-year existence, the Garland fund had contributed nearly $2 Million to almost 100 enterprises.
Beneficiaries and clients of the fund
American Civil Liberties Union
Brookwood Labor College
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
Commonwealth College
Daily Worker
Equity Printing Co.
Furrier's Union
Hamburg America Line
Industrial Workers of the World
Labor News Reel Service
Manumit School
Minneapolis Daily Star
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
The New Masses
New York Call Printing Co.
Novy Mir
Oklahoma Leader
Polish People’s Publishing Company
Rand School of Social Science
Russian Reconstruction Farms
Seattle Union Record
Summer School for Women Workers
United Mine Workers of America
Urban League
Vanguard Press
Women's Trade Union League
References
Further reading
External links
American Fund for Public Service records, 1922-1941. New York Public Library. Catalog and finder's aid for 59 boxes and 39 reels of microfilm containing records and correspondence.
Post on Philanthropic Words about Samson's book American Fund for Public Service
Organizations established in 1922
Political and economic research foundations in the United States
Organizations disestablished in 1941 |
Abeel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
David Abeel (1804–1846), American Christian missionary
Gustavus Abeel (1801–1887), American Christian pastor, missionary and writer
Johannes Abeel (1667–1711), American merchant and public official
Cornplanter (c. 1752–1836), a Seneca chief and descendant of Johannes Abeel who was also known as John Abeel III.
See also
Abiel |
Ushi Island (Russian: Остров Уши) is an islet in the Eugénie Archipelago within the Peter the Great Gulf of the Sea of Japan. It is administratively part of the city of Vladivostok in Primorsky Krai, Russia. The uninhabited island is located north-west of Russky Island, in the Amur Bay section of the gulf along the southern coast of Primorsky Krai. The area of Ushi island is , with dimensions of about , and its highest point is . It is almost devoid of vegetation, and consists of two rocks which connected narrow and low isthmus. There are shoals near the island. It is a popular spot for fish and birds alike. Owing to its size however, only a limited number of birds can roost on the island.
References
Islands of the Russian Far East
Islands of the Sea of Japan
Uninhabited islands of Russia
Islands of Vladivostok
Islands of Primorsky Krai |
Alverca do Ribatejo e Sobralinho is a civil parish in the municipality of Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Alverca do Ribatejo and Sobralinho. The population in 2011 was 36,120, in an area of 23.92 km2.
References
Freguesias of Vila Franca de Xira |
Barry Douglas Adam (born 1952 in Yorkton, Saskatchewan) is Distinguished University Professor Emeritus of Sociology at the University of Windsor and from 2008 to 2019, Senior Scientist at the Ontario HIV Treatment Network in Toronto. Educated at Simon Fraser University (BAHon 1972) and the University of Toronto (PhD 1977), he is the author of: The Survival of Domination, The Rise of a Gay and Lesbian Movement (1978, revised 1995), and with Alan Sears, Experiencing HIV. He later co-edited The Global Emergence of Gay and Lesbian Politics (1999). He has an extensive research record on the dynamics of domination and empowerment, LGBT studies, HIV prevention, and issues of living with HIV and AIDS, and was a co-founder of the AIDS Committee of Windsor, Ontario.
Recent work has been grounded in community-based research projects to better discern the social networks at the leading edges of the HIV epidemic, to identify the discursive strands and reasoning processes circulating among vulnerable populations, and to work toward health system reform to better coordinate mental health, addictions, and primary care resources to address syndemic conditions and better use new prevention technologies. The theoretical underpinnings of this work have appeared in such papers as: “Domination, resistance, and subjectivity” in The Blackwell Companion to Social Inequalities (2005), “Epistemic fault lines in biomedical and social approaches to HIV prevention,” in the Journal of the International AIDS Society (2011), and “Neoliberalism, masculinity, and HIV risk” published in Sexuality Research and Social Policy (2016).
In 2006, he received a Career Scientist Award in Risk, Culture and Sexuality from the Ontario HIV Treatment Network and in 2007, the Simon-Gagnon Award for a distinguished career in the study of sexualities, presented by the Sociology of Sexualities Section of the American Sociological Association. In 2012, he received the Community Partners Award of the Ontario AIDS Network, in 2013 the Queen's Diamond Jubilee Medal, in 2015 the Career Award for outstanding contributions to the Sociology of HIV/AIDS, presented by the Sociologists AIDS Network of the American Sociological Association, and in 2017 the Anselm Strauss award from the U.S. National Council on Family Relations for an article published in the Journal of Marriage and the Family.
References
External links
University of Windsor profile
1952 births
Canadian sociologists
Medical sociologists
Canadian LGBT rights activists
Living people
Gay academics
Canadian gay writers
People from Yorkton
Academic staff of University of Windsor
Writers from Saskatchewan
21st-century Canadian LGBT people
Canadian LGBT academics |
Erandol is a town and a taluka in Jalgaon district in the Indian state of Maharashtra state. It is situated on the banks of the Anjani River.
Folklore
Erandol was known as "Ek Chakra Nagari" in the time of the Pandavas. Later, the town's name was Arunawati.
Geography
Erandol is situated in the Tapi valley of the Deccan Plateau, between the Satpura and Ajanta hills. Anjani River passes through the town, and Anjani Dam lies nearby.
Erandol shares borders with the talukas of Dharangaon, Pachora, Bhadgaon, and Parola.
Demographics
Erandol has population of 31,071, of which 16,000 are males while 15,071 are females across 6,235 households, as per the 2011 Census. The population of children aged 0–6 is 3,916, or 12.60% of the population. The female sex ratio is 942 against the state average of 929. The literacy rate of Erandol is 76.67%, lower than the state average of 82.34%, with male literacy at 81.93% and female literacy at 71.13%.
Administration
Erandol Municipal Council supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage. It is authorized to build roads and impose taxes on properties under its jurisdiction.
Transport
National Highway 6, which connects Mumbai, Surat and Nagpur, Kolkata links Erandol with Dhule to the west, and Jalgaon to the east. Erandol has its own MSRTC bus depot and bus stand too. There are daily bus services available from Erandol to many cities of Maharashtra and also neighboring States like Madhya Pradesh (Indore, Burhanpur, Khargone, Khandwa, Barwani) and Gujarat (Surat, Vadodara, Ahmedabad, Valsad, Vyara).
The nearest railway station is Dharangaon on the Bhusawal - Surat Line, about 12 km away, and Mhasawad on the Mumbai - Bhusawal Line, about 14 km away, Jalgaon is approx 30 km from Erandol which is a junction station of Bhusawal, Surat, Mumbai, line.
Nearest airports are Jalgaon 30 km, Aurangabad 160 km, Nashik 200 km.
Climate
References
Cities and towns in Jalgaon district
Talukas in Maharashtra |
Oreocarya roosiorum is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae known by the common name bristlecone cryptantha.
It is endemic to Inyo County, California, where it is known from only a few occurrences in the northern Inyo Mountains.
It is a small, mat-forming perennial herb just a few centimeters high which grows from a woody caudex rooted in rocky soils. The leaves are up to about a centimeter long, oval to spoon-shaped, and hairy to bristly. The inflorescence is a dense cluster of tiny white flowers with five-lobed white corollas with yellow appendages.
References
External links
Jepson Manual Treatment - Cryptantha roosiorum
USDA Plants Profile: Cryptantha roosiorum
CalPhotos Photo Gallery
roosiorum
Endemic flora of California
Plants described in 1955 |
Wakka-us Kamuy (Ainu ワッカウシカムイ) is the Ainu kamuy (goddess) of fresh water. She is also known as Petorush Mat (Watering-place Woman).
Depiction
Wakka-us Kamuy is portrayed as a long-haired woman who is a skilled dancer and singer.
Mythology
In Ainu mythology, Wakka-us Kamuy is a benevolent goddess who oversees the river valleys around which Ainu communities centered and is responsible for all fresh water. She is sympathetic to humanity, and is sometimes petitioned to intercede with other kamuy on their behalf.
One such myth tells how Wakka-us Kamuy ended a famine that had broken out. Petitioned by Okikurmi, the culture hero and sorcerer, she invites the kamuy of the rapids, the kamuy of fish, the kamuy of game, the goddess of the hunt Hasinaw-uk Kamuy, and the overseer of the land Kotan-kor Kamuy to a feast. She dances and sings, entertaining them, and in the course of the evening brings up the humans' plight. The fish kamuy informs her that the humans were not killing fish in the proper ritual manner, so he has locked the salmon in his storehouse; the game kamuy says the same of the deer. Kotan-kor Kamuy is angry as well, because the humans have not made offerings to him. Wakka-us Kamuy and the sympathetic Hasinaw-uk Kamuy, while continuing to dance, send their souls to the storehouses and let the deer and salmon loose; in order to avoid making a scene, the other kamuy had no choice but to continue the feast. Afterward, Wakka-us Kamuy sends a dream to Okikurmi, telling him what had happened and why, and warning him to see that the rituals were carried out in proper fashion.
References
Ashkenazy, Michael. Handbook of Japanese Mythology. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio, 2003.
Etter, Carl. Ainu Folklore: Traditions and Culture of the Vanishing Aborigines of Japan. Chicago: Wilcox and Follett, 1949.
Munro, Neil Gordon. Ainu Creed and Cult. New York: Columbia University Press, 1995.
Ainu kamuy
Water goddesses |
Asu (, also romanized as Āsū and Asow’; also known as Asa) is a village in Alqurat Rural District, in the Central District of Birjand County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 791, in 184 families.
References
Populated places in Birjand County |
Sir Paul Gavrilovitch Vinogradoff (; 18 November 1854 (O.S.)19 December 1925) was a Russian and British historian and medievalist.
Early life
Vinogradoff was born in Kostroma and was educated at the local gymnasium and Moscow University, where he studied history under Vasily Klyuchevsky. After graduating in 1875, he obtained a scholarship to continue his studies in Berlin, where he studied under Theodor Mommsen and Heinrich Brunner.
Career
Vinogradoff became professor of history at the University of Moscow, but his zeal for the spread of education brought him into conflict with the authorities, and consequently he was obliged to leave Russia. Having settled in England, Vinogradoff brought a powerful and original mind to bear upon the social and economic conditions of early England, a subject which he had already begun to study in Moscow.
Vinogradoff visited Britain for the first time in 1883, working on records in the Public Records Office and meeting leading English scholars such as Sir Henry Maine and Sir Frederick Pollock. He also met Frederic William Maitland, who was heavily influenced by their meeting.
Vinogradoff was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1897.
In 1903 he was elected to the position of Corpus Professor of Jurisprudence at the University of Oxford, and held this position until he died in 1925. He was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1905. He received honorary degrees from the principal universities (including D.C.L. from the University of Oxford in October 1902, in connection with the tercentenary of the Bodleian Library.), was made a member of several foreign academies and was appointed honorary professor of history at Moscow.
Upon the death of Maitland, Vinogradoff became the literary director of the Selden Society with Sir Frederick Pollock, a position he held until 1920. During World War I he gave valuable assistance to the British Foreign Office in connection with Russian affairs. Vinogradoff was knighted in 1917, and he and his children were naturalized as British subjects in 1918.
In 1925, Vinogradoff traveled to Paris to receive an honorary degree; while in Paris, he developed pneumonia and died there on 19 December.
Books
According to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, published in 1911, Vinogradoff's Villainage in England (1892) was "perhaps the most important book written on the peasantry of the feudal age and the village community in England; it can only be compared for value with FW Maitland's Domesday Book and Beyond. In masterly fashion Vinogradoff here shows that the villein of Norman times was the direct descendant of the Anglo-Saxon freeman, and that the typical Anglo-Saxon settlement was a free community, not a manor, the position of the freeman having steadily deteriorated in the centuries just around the Norman Conquest. The status of the villein and the conditions of the manor in the 12th and 13th centuries are set forth with a legal precision and a wealth of detail which shows its author, not only as a very capable historian, but also as a brilliant and learned jurist."
The article considered that almost equally valuable was Vinogradoff's essay on “Folkland” in vol. viii. of the English Historical Review (1893), which proved for the first time the real nature of this kind of land. Vinogradoff followed up his Villainage in England with The Growth of the Manor (1905) and English Society in the Eleventh Century (1908), works on the lines of his earlier book.
In Outlines in Historical Jurisprudence (1920–22), Vinogradoff traces the development of basic themes of jurisprudence, including marriage, property, and succession, in six different types of society: the totemistic, the tribal, the ancient city state, the medieval system of feudalism and canon law, and modern industrial society.
Works
The Origins of Feudal Relations in Lombard Italy, 1880.
Villainage in England, Clarendon Press, [publ. 1887; trans. to English 1892].
The Teaching of Sir Henry Maine: An Inaugural Lecture, Henry Frowde, 1904.
The Growth of the Manor, George Allen & Company, 1911 [1st Pub. 1905].
English Society in the Eleventh Century, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908.
Roman Law in Medieval Europe, Harper & Brothers, 1909.
Essays in Legal History Read Before the International Congress of Historical Studies, held in London in 1913, Oxford University Press, 1913.
Common-sense in Law, H. Holt and Company, 1914.
Self-government in Russia, Constable, 1915.
Outlines in Historical Jurisprudence (Introduction and Tribal Law), Oxford University Press, 1920.
Outlines in Historical Jurisprudence (The Jurisprudence of the Greek City), Oxford University Press, 1922.
The Collected Papers of Paul Vinogradoff, 2 Vol., Oxford, The Clarendon Press, 1928.
Other
"The Reforming Work of Tzar Alexander II." In Kirkpatrick, F. A., Lectures on the History of the Nineteenth Century, Cambridge University Press, 1902.
"Social and Economic Conditions of the Roman Empire in the Fourth Century." In Gwatkin, H. M. The Cambridge Medieval History, Vol. I, The MacMillan Company, 1911.
"Foundations of Society (Origins of Feudalism)." In Gwatkin, H. H. The Cambridge Medieval History, Vol. II, The MacMillan Company, 1913.
"Russian Culture." In Bingham, Alfred. Handbook of the European War, Vol. II, H. W. Wilson Company, 1914.
"Russia: The Psychology of a Nation," Oxford Pamphlets, Oxford University Press, 1914.
The Russian Problem, George H. Doran Co., 1914.
"The Task of Russia." In Stephens, Winifred. The Soul of Russia, Macmillan & Co., 1916.
"Magna Carta, C. 39. Nullus Liber Homo, etc." In Malden, Henry Elliot. Magna Carta Commemoration Essays, Royal Historical Society, 1917.
"The Situation in Russia." In The Reconstruction of Russia, Oxford University Press, 1919.
"Introduction." In Hübner, Rudolf. A History of Germanic Private Law, Little, Brown & Company, 1918.
"The Work of Rome." In Marvin, F. S. The Evolution of Peace, Oxford University Press, 1921.
As editor
Oxford Studies in Social and Legal History, Vol. IV, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1914.
Articles
"The Customs of Ragusa," The Law Quarterly Review, Vol. XXI, 1905.
"Magna Carta," The Law Quarterly Review, Vol. XXI, 1905.
"A Constitutional History of Hungary," The Law Quarterly Review, Vol. XXI, 1905.
"Transfer of Land in Old English Law," The Harvard Law Review, Vol. 20, No. 7, May, 1907.
"Aristotle on Legal Redress," Columbia Law Review, Vol. 8, No. 7, Nov., 1908.
"The Crisis of Modern Jurisprudence," The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 29, No. 3, Jan., 1920.
"The Meaning of Legal History," Columbia Law Review, Vol. 22, No. 8, Dec., 1922.
Notes
References
Further reading
H. A. L. Fisher, 'Paul Vinogradoff: A Memoir', in The Collected Papers of Paul Vinogradoff, I (Oxford, 1928), 3-74.
External links
Paul Govrilovitch (sic) Vinogradoff: at McMaster University Archive for the History of Economic Thought
Historians from the Russian Empire
Medievalists from the Russian Empire
Full members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1917–1925)
Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
1854 births
1925 deaths
Anglo-Saxon studies scholars
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United Kingdom
Professors of Jurisprudence (University of Oxford)
Knights Bachelor
Fellows of the British Academy
20th-century British historians
Legal historians
British medievalists
Members of the American Antiquarian Society
Professorships at the Imperial Moscow University
Deaths from pneumonia in France
Imperial Moscow University alumni |
Munsirhat railway station is a halt railway station on Santragachi–Amta branch line of South Eastern Railway section of the Kharagpur railway division. It is situated at Shankarhati, Munsirhat in Howrah district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
History
Howrah to Amta narrow-gauge track was built in 1897 in British India. This route was the part of the Martin's Light Railways which was closed in 1971. Howrah–Amta new broad-gauge line, including the Bargachia–Champadanga branch line was re constructed and opened in 2002–2004.
References
Railway stations in Howrah district
Kharagpur railway division
Kolkata Suburban Railway stations
Railway stations in India opened in 1897 |
Trichotillomania (TTM), also known as hair-pulling disorder or compulsive hair pulling, is a mental disorder characterized by a long-term urge that results in the pulling out of one's own hair. A brief positive feeling may occur as hair is removed. Efforts to stop pulling hair typically fail. Hair removal may occur anywhere; however, the head and around the eyes are most common. The hair pulling is to such a degree that it results in distress and hair loss can be seen.
As of 2023, the specific cause or causes of trichotillomania are unclear; Trichotillomania is probably due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The disorder may run in families. It occurs more commonly in those with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Episodes of pulling may be triggered by anxiety. People usually acknowledge that they pull their hair, and broken hairs may be seen on examination. Other conditions that may present similarly include body dysmorphic disorder; however, in that condition people remove hair to try to improve what they see as a problem in how they look.
Treatment is typically with cognitive behavioral therapy. The medication clomipramine may also be helpful, as will keeping fingernails clipped. Trichotillomania is estimated to affect one to four percent of people. Trichotillomania most commonly begins in childhood or adolescence. Women are affected about 10 times more often than men. The name was created by François Henri Hallopeau in 1889, from the Greek ; (meaning 'hair'), along with ; (meaning 'to pull'), and ; mania (meaning 'madness').
Signs and symptoms
Trichotillomania is usually confined to one or two sites, but can involve multiple sites. The scalp is the most common pulling site, followed by the eyebrows, eyelashes, face, arms, and legs. Some less common areas include the pubic area, underarms, beard, and chest. The classic presentation is the "Friar Tuck" form of vertex and crown alopecia. Children are less likely to pull from areas other than the scalp.
People with trichotillomania often pull only one hair at a time and these hair-pulling episodes can last for hours at a time. Some individuals may experience more satisfaction after pulling an anagen phase hair with the gel-like inner root sheath still surrounding the base of the hair. Trichotillomania can go into remission-like states where the individual may not experience the urge to "pull" for days, weeks, months, or even years.
Individuals with trichotillomania exhibit hair of differing lengths; some are broken hairs with blunt ends, some new growth with tapered ends, some broken mid-shaft, or some uneven stubble. Scaling on the scalp is not present, overall hair density is normal, and a hair pull test is negative (the hair does not pull out easily). Hair is often pulled out leaving an unusual shape. Individuals with trichotillomania may be secretive or shameful of the hair pulling behavior.
An additional psychological effect can be low self-esteem, often associated with being shunned by peers and the fear of socializing, due to appearance and negative attention they may receive. Some people with trichotillomania wear hats, wigs, false eyelashes, eyebrow pencil, or style their hair in an effort to avoid such attention. There seems to be a strong stress-related component. In low-stress environments, some exhibit no symptoms (known as "pulling") whatsoever. This "pulling" often resumes upon leaving this environment. Some individuals with trichotillomania may feel they are the only person with this problem due to low rates of reporting.
For some people, trichotillomania is a mild problem, merely a frustration. But for many, embarrassment about hair pulling causes isolation and results in a great deal of emotional distress, placing them at risk for a co-occurring psychiatric disorder, such as a mood or anxiety disorder. Hair pulling can lead to tension and strained relationships with family members and friends. Family members may need professional help in coping with this problem.
Other medical complications include infection, permanent loss of hair, repetitive stress injury, carpal tunnel syndrome, and gastrointestinal obstruction as a result of trichophagia. In trichophagia, people with trichotillomania also ingest the hair that they pull; in extreme (and rare) cases this can lead to a hair ball (trichobezoar). Rapunzel syndrome, an extreme form of trichobezoar in which the "tail" of the hair ball extends into the intestines, can be fatal if misdiagnosed.
Environment is a large factor which affects hair pulling. Sedentary activities such as being in a relaxed environment are conducive to hair pulling. A common example of a sedentary activity promoting hair pulling is lying in a bed while trying to rest or fall asleep. An extreme example of automatic trichotillomania is found when some patients have been observed to pull their hair out while asleep. This is called sleep-isolated trichotillomania.
Causes
Anxiety, depression and obsessive–compulsive disorder are more frequently encountered in people with trichotillomania. Trichotillomania has a high overlap with post traumatic stress disorder, and some cases of trichotillomania may be triggered by stress. Another school of thought emphasizes hair pulling as addictive or negatively reinforcing, as it is associated with rising tension beforehand and relief afterward. A neurocognitive model — the notion that the basal ganglia play a role in habit formation and that the frontal lobes are critical for normally suppressing or inhibiting such habits — sees trichotillomania as a habit disorder.
In several MRI studies, it has been found that people with trichotillomania have more gray matter on average than those who do not have the disorder. One study found that individuals with trichotillomania have decreased cerebellar volume on average, which suggests some differences between OCD and trichotillomania. An fMRI study reported decreased activation in the basal ganglia, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex in people with trichotillomania. Abnormalities in the caudate nucleus are noted in OCD, but there is no evidence to support that these abnormalities can also be linked to trichotillomania.
It is likely that a combination of multiple genes confers vulnerability to trichotillomania. Mutations in the SLITRK1, 5HT2A, and SAPAP3 genes have been associated with trichotillomania. In addition, HOXB8 knockout mice display pathological grooming behavior similar to trichotillomania, although associations between trichotillomania and the HOXB8 gene have not been demonstrated in humans.
Diagnosis
Patients may be ashamed or actively attempt to disguise their symptoms. This can make diagnosis difficult as symptoms are not always immediately obvious, or have been deliberately hidden to avoid disclosure. If the patient admits to hair pulling, diagnosis is not difficult; if patients deny hair pulling, a differential diagnosis must be pursued. The differential diagnosis will include evaluation for alopecia areata, iron deficiency, hypothyroidism, tinea capitis, traction alopecia, alopecia mucinosa, thallium poisoning, and loose anagen syndrome. In trichotillomania, a hair pull test is negative.
A biopsy can be performed and may be helpful; it reveals traumatized hair follicles with perifollicular hemorrhage, fragmented hair in the dermis, empty follicles, and deformed hair shafts. Multiple catagen hairs are typically seen. An alternative technique to biopsy, particularly for children, is to shave a part of the involved area and observe for regrowth of normal hairs.
Diagnostic criteria from the DSM-5 provides the following criteria for trichotillomania:
Criterion A: Recurrent pulling of hair that must result in loss of hair.
Criterion B: There must be evidence that the person has attempted to stop hair-pulled behavior.
Criterion C: General medical conditions and other disorders that may results in hair pulling must first be ruled out, and TTM can only be diagnosed if the behavior is not in response to another disorder. Examples include delusions, or body dysmorphic disorders.
Classification
Trichotillomania is defined as a self-induced and recurrent loss of hair. It includes the criterion of an increasing sense of tension before pulling the hair and gratification or relief when pulling the hair. However, some people with trichotillomania do not endorse the inclusion of "rising tension and subsequent pleasure, gratification, or relief" as part of the criteria because many individuals with trichotillomania may not realize they are pulling their hair, and patients presenting for diagnosis may deny the criteria for tension prior to hair pulling or a sense of gratification after hair is pulled.
Trichotillomania may lie on the obsessive-compulsive spectrum, also encompassing obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), nail biting (onychophagia) and skin picking (dermatillomania), tic disorders and eating disorders. These conditions may share clinical features, genetic contributions, and possibly treatment response; however, differences between trichotillomania and OCD are present in symptoms, neural function and cognitive profile. In the sense that it is associated with irresistible urges to perform unwanted repetitive behavior, trichotillomania is akin to some of these conditions, and rates of trichotillomania among relatives of OCD patients is higher than expected by chance. However, differences between the disorder and OCD have been noted, including: differing peak ages at onset, rates of comorbidity, gender differences, and neural dysfunction and cognitive profile. When it occurs in early childhood, it can be regarded as a distinct clinical entity.
Because trichotillomania can be present in multiple age groups, it is helpful in terms of prognosis and treatment to approach three distinct subgroups by age: preschool age children, preadolescents to young adults, and adults.
In preschool age children, trichotillomania is considered benign. For these children, hair-pulling is considered either a means of exploration or something done subconsciously, similar to nail-biting and thumb-sucking, and almost never continues into further ages.
The most common age of onset of trichotillomania is between ages 9 and 13. In this age range, trichotillomania is usually chronic, and continues into adulthood. Trichotillomania that begins in adulthood most commonly arises from underlying psychiatric causes.
Trichotillomania is often not a focused act, but rather hair pulling occurs in a "trance-like" state; hence, trichotillomania is subdivided into "automatic" versus "focused" hair pulling. Children are more often in the automatic, or unconscious, subtype and may not consciously remember pulling their hair. Other individuals may have focused, or conscious, rituals associated with hair pulling, including seeking specific types of hairs to pull, pulling until the hair feels "just right", or pulling in response to a specific sensation. Knowledge of the subtype is helpful in determining treatment strategies.
Treatment
Treatment is based on a person's age. Most pre-school age children outgrow the condition if it is managed conservatively. In young adults, establishing the diagnosis and raising awareness of the condition is an important reassurance for the family and patient. Non-pharmacological interventions, including behavior modification programs, may be considered; referrals to psychologists or psychiatrists may be considered when other interventions fail. When trichotillomania begins in adulthood, it is often associated with other mental disorders, and referral to a psychologist or psychiatrist for evaluation or treatment is considered best. The hair pulling may resolve when other conditions are treated.
Psychotherapy
Habit reversal training (HRT) has the highest rate of success in treating trichotillomania. HRT has also been shown to be a successful adjunct to medication as a way to treat trichotillomania. With HRT, the individual is trained to learn to recognize their impulse to pull and also teach them to redirect this impulse. In comparisons of behavioral versus pharmacologic treatment, cognitive behavioral therapy (including HRT) have shown significant improvement over medication alone. It has also proven effective in treating children. Biofeedback, cognitive-behavioral methods, and hypnosis may improve symptoms. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is also demonstrating promise in trichotillomania treatment. A systematic review from 2012 found tentative evidence for "movement decoupling".
Medication
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved any medications for trichotillomania treatment.
However, some medications have been used to treat trichotillomania, with mixed results. Treatment with clomipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, was shown in a small double-blind study to improve symptoms, but results of other studies on clomipramine for treating trichotillomania have been inconsistent. Naltrexone may be a viable treatment. Fluoxetine and other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have limited usefulness in treating trichotillomania, and can often have significant side effects. Behavioral therapy has proven more effective when compared to fluoxetine. There is little research on the effectiveness of behavioral therapy combined with medication and robust evidence from high-quality studies is lacking. Acetylcysteine treatment stemmed from an understanding of glutamate's role in regulation of impulse control.
Different medications, depending on the individual, may increase hair pulling.
Devices
Technology can be used to augment habit reversal training or behavioral therapy. Several mobile apps exist to help log behavior and focus on treatment strategies. There are also wearable devices that track the position of a user's hands. They produce sound or vibrating notifications so that users can track rates of these events over time.
Prognosis
When it occurs in early childhood (before five years of age), the condition is typically self-limiting and intervention is not required. In adults, the onset of trichotillomania may be secondary to underlying psychiatric disturbances, and symptoms are generally more long-term.
Secondary infections may occur due to picking and scratching, but other complications are rare. Individuals with trichotillomania often find that support groups are helpful in living with and overcoming the disorder.
Epidemiology
Although no broad-based population epidemiologic studies had been conducted as of 2009, the lifetime prevalence of trichotillomania is estimated to be between 0.6% and 4.0% of the overall population. With a 1% prevalence rate, 2.5 million people in the U.S. may have trichotillomania at some time during their lifetimes.
Trichotillomania is diagnosed in all age groups; onset is more common during preadolescence and young adulthood, with mean age of onset between 9 and 13 years of age, and a notable peak at 12–13. Among preschool children the genders are equally represented; there appears to be a female predominance among preadolescents to young adults, with between 70% and 93% of patients being female. Among adults, females typically outnumber males by 3 to 1.
"Automatic" pulling occurs in approximately three-quarters of adult patients with trichotillomania.
History
Hair pulling was first mentioned by Aristotle in the fourth century B.C., was first described in modern literature in 1885, and the term trichotillomania was coined by the French dermatologist François Henri Hallopeau in 1889.
In 1987, trichotillomania was recognized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association, third edition-revised (DSM-III-R).
Society and culture
Support groups and internet sites can provide recommended educational material and help persons with trichotillomania in maintaining a positive attitude and overcoming the fear of being alone with the disorder.
Media
A documentary film exploring trichotillomania, Bad Hair Life, was the 2003 winner of the International Health & Medical Media Award for best film in psychiatry and the winner of the 2004 Superfest Film Festival Merit Award.
Trichster is a 2016 documentary that follows seven individuals living with trichotillomania, as they navigate the complicated emotions surrounding the disorder, and the effect it has on their daily lives.
Fiction
The trichotillomania of a prominent character is a key plot element in the 1999 novel Whatever Love Means by David Baddiel.
Ashley Barret, a character portrayed by Colby Minifie in the superhero fiction series The Boys, is shown suffering from it.
Music
On the 2017 album, 20s a Difficult Age by Marcus Orelias, there is a song called "Trichotillomania".
See also
Feather-plucking
Noncicatricial alopecia
Psychogenic alopecia, a form of baldness that is caused by excessive grooming in cats
Self-harm
References
Body-focused repetitive behavior
Conditions of the skin appendages
Hair diseases
Hair removal
Human hair
Mania
Neurocutaneous conditions
Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate
Wikipedia neurology articles ready to translate |
Gloud Wilson McLelan (April 18, 1796–April 6, 1858) was a businessman and politician in Nova Scotia. He represented Londonderry Township from 1836 to 1847 and Colchester County from 1851 to 1858 in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly.
He was born in Great Village, Nova Scotia, the son of David McLelan and Mary Durling, and, after very little formal education, he entered business as a merchant and shipper. McLelan married Martha Spencer in 1822. He died in office in Halifax.
His son Archibald succeeded him in the assembly and went on to serve in the Canadian House of Commons and Senate.
References
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
1796 births
1858 deaths
Nova Scotia pre-Confederation MLAs |
Robert "Bob" Keen is a British film director.
Career
He has directed eight films, including The Lost World, but he has also written screenplays, as well as working on special, visual and make-up effects.
Keen directed the 1995 Canadian made-for-TV movie To Catch a Yeti. The plot involves Hank the Yeti makes friends with an American family (including the young girl) and trying to outwit two hunters, one of them named Big Jake played by Meat Loaf, hired by a New York businessman for his spoiled son. It aired on The Disney Channel January 12, 1995. RiffTrax parodied the film on May 1, 2015.
Accolades
He has been nominated for six Saturn Awards, all for best make-up, including for his work on Hellraiser and Candyman.
References
External links
To Catch a Yeti on IMDb
RiffTrax treatment of To Catch a Yeti on official YouTube channel
British film directors
Living people
British male screenwriters
1960 births
Visual effects artists
Special effects people
Place of birth missing (living people) |
Vagina Witchcraft is a Canadian heavy metal band from Winnipeg, Manitoba. They are most noted for their self-titled debut album, which was released in 2020 and longlisted for the 2021 Polaris Music Prize.
The band consists of vocalist Kayla Fernandes, guitarist Dylan Sellar, bassist Seppel Saünlust and drummer Julien Riel. They were formed in 2018 after Fernandes was brought on stage to perform a song with Cancer Bats at the Manitoba Metalfest, leading to an invitation from Cancer Bats drummer Mike Peters to perform at another show with his side project AGAPITO.
In addition to their Polaris nod, the band also won a Western Canadian Music Award for Metal & Hard Music Artist of the Year in May 2021.
References
Canadian heavy metal musical groups
Musical groups from Winnipeg
Musical groups established in 2018
2018 establishments in Canada |
Peter Deimböck (born 24 April 1942) is a former Austrian cyclist. He competed in the team time trial and team pursuit events at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He was born in Vienna, his profession is a baker.
References
External links
1942 births
Living people
Austrian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Austria
Cyclists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Cyclists from Vienna |
Mrgan () is a village in the municipality of Banovići, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Demographics
According to the 2013 census, its population was 356.
References
Populated places in Banovići |
This article provides information on candidates who stood for the 1940 Australian federal election. The election was held on 21 September 1940.
Earlier in 1940, the Lang Labor supporters had again broken away from the federal Australian Labor Party. Seats held by the defectors are designated as Labor seats.
By-elections, appointments and defections
By-elections and appointments
On 12 July 1938, Jim Sheehan (Labor) was appointed a Victorian Senator to replace John Barnes (Labor).
On 10 December 1938, Sydney McHugh (Labor) was elected to succeed Charles Hawker (UAP) as the member for Wakefield.
On 20 May 1939, William Conelan (Labor) was elected to succeed Frank Baker (Labor) as the member for Griffith.
On 27 May 1939, Lancelot Spurr (Labor) was elected to succeed Joseph Lyons (UAP) as the member for Wilmot.
On 2 March 1940, John Dedman (Labor) was elected to succeed Richard Casey (UAP) as the member for Corio.
On 13 August 1940, three UAP cabinet ministers, Geoffrey Street (Corangamite), James Fairbairn (Flinders) and Sir Henry Gullett (Henty), were killed in the Canberra air disaster. No by-elections were held due to the proximity of the election.
Defections
In 1937, Country Party MP John McEwen (Indi) was expelled from the state-based party for accepting a ministry in the Lyons-Page government. In response, following the party conference in 1938, Thomas Paterson (Gippsland) led over a hundred McEwen supporters out of the state United Country Party to form the breakaway Liberal Country Party, loyal to the Page-led federal party. The Country Party's other Victorian MP, George Rankin (Bendigo), remained with the UCP.
In 1938, Independent UAP MP Percy Spender (Warringah) joined the United Australia Party.
In 1940, supporters of New South Wales Premier Jack Lang again broke away from the federal Labor Party, this time calling themselves the Australian Labor Party (Non-Communist). Its federal members were Senator Stan Amour (New South Wales), Senator John Armstrong (New South Wales), Jack Beasley (West Sydney), Joe Gander (Reid), Dan Mulcahy (Lang), Sol Rosevear (Dalley) and Tom Sheehan (Cook).
Retiring Members and Senators
Labor
William Maloney MP (Melbourne, Vic)
United Australia
Senator Charles Grant (Tas)
Country
James Hunter MP (Maranoa, Qld)
House of Representatives
Sitting members at the time of the election are shown in bold text. Successful candidates are highlighted in the relevant colour. Where there is possible confusion, an asterisk (*) is also used.
New South Wales
Northern Territory
Queensland
South Australia
Tasmania
Victoria
Western Australia
Senate
Sitting Senators are shown in bold text. Tickets that elected at least one Senator are highlighted in the relevant colour. Successful candidates are identified by an asterisk (*).
New South Wales
Three seats were up for election. The United Australia Party-Country Party Coalition was defending two seats. The Labor Party was defending one seat. Labor Senators Stan Amour, John Armstrong and Tom Arthur were not up for re-election.
Queensland
Three seats were up for election. The United Australia Party-Country Party Coalition was defending three seats. Labor Senators Gordon Brown, Joe Collings and Ben Courtice were not up for re-election.
South Australia
Three seats were up for election. The United Australia Party was defending three seats. United Australia Party Senators Philip McBride, Alexander McLachlan and Keith Wilson were not up for re-election.
Tasmania
Three seats were up for election. The United Australia Party was defending three seats. Labor Senators Bill Aylett, Richard Darcey and Charles Lamp were not up for re-election.
Victoria
Four seats were up for election. One of these was a short-term vacancy caused by Labor Senator-elect John Barnes's death; this had been filled in the interim by Labor's Jim Sheehan. The United Australia Party-Country Party Coalition was defending three seats. The Labor Party was defending one seat. Labor Senators Don Cameron and Richard Keane were not up for re-election.
Western Australia
Three seats were up for election. The United Australia Party-Country Party Coalition was defending three seats. Labor Senators Robert Clothier, James Cunningham and James Fraser were not up for re-election.
See also
1940 Australian federal election
Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 1937–1940
Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 1940–1943
Members of the Australian Senate, 1941–1944
Members of the Australian Senate, 1938–1941
List of political parties in Australia
References
Adam Carr's Election Archive - House of Representatives 1940
Adam Carr's Election Archive - Senate 1940
1940 in Australia
Candidates for Australian federal elections |
Mocta Douz is a town and commune in Mascara Province, Algeria. Mocta Douz is the site of the terminus of the Mocta Douz-Beni Saf gas pipeline.
References
Communes of Mascara Province |
Zieleniec Mały () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wielbark, within Szczytno County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Wielbark, south-east of Szczytno, and south-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
The village has a population of 30.
References
Villages in Szczytno County |
Parliamentary elections were held in Armenia on 20 May 1990, although further rounds were held on 3 June and 15 July due to low turnouts invalidating earlier results. By 21 July, 64 seats were still unfilled, with 16 still unfilled in February the following year. The result was a victory for the Communist Party of Armenia, which won 136 of the 259 seats. The remaining candidates were all officially independents, but almost all were members of the Pan-Armenian National Movement. Overall voter turnout was 60%.
Results
References
1990 in Armenia
Armenia
1990s in Armenian politics
Election and referendum articles with incomplete results
May 1990 events in Europe
Parliamentary elections in Armenia |
Air Supply is a British-Australian soft rock duo formed in Melbourne in 1975. They have released 17 studio albums, 13 compilation albums, 4 live albums and 27 singles.
Albums
Studio albums
Live albums
Compilation albums
Video albums
Singles
1976-1983
1984-2015
Music videos
See also
References
External links
Air Supply archived from the original on 22 October 2013 at Australian Rock Database. Retrieved 2 March 2014
Albums by Air Supply at Rate Your Music
Discography
Pop music group discographies
Rock music group discographies
Discographies of Australian artists |
All Saints Street (), alternately known as All Saints Street: 1031 and 1031 All Saints Street, is a Chinese webcomic written and illustrated by the artist Lingzi. The slice of life series follows a group of mythological beings who share an apartment in modern China. All Saints Street has been published on Bilibili since 2016, and was adapted into a donghua web series by Tencent Video. The first two seasons were released in 2020 with a third in 2022, and a fourth season set to air in 2023. The donghua was internationally released by Crunchyroll in November 2022 with a Japanese-language dub.
Synopsis
The series is set in a fictionalized version of Earth where humans, deities, and demons co-exist peacefully. Neil "Nini" Bowman, a demon who is fascinated by humans, runs away from home to live in the human world. Despite his desire to integrate himself with humans, he ultimately finds himself sharing an apartment with other mythological beings.
Characters
Neil "Nini" Bowman
Voiced by: Haiquing Xia (Chinese), Daiki Yamashita (Japanese)
A demon who moves from Hell to live in the human world.
Ira Blood
Voiced by: Xin Teng (Chinese), Jun Fukuyama (Japanese)
Neil's roommate. A vampire from an aristocratic family who ran away from home, and now lives as an unkempt slacker.
Lynn Angel
Voiced by: Xianghai Hao (Chinese), Kaito Ishikawa (Japanese)
Neil's landlord. An angel with a stern but kind demeanor.
Vladimir Elliot Kirilenko
Voiced by: Yanzhe Du (Chinese), Tomoaki Maeno (Japanese)
A werewolf who becomes Neil's roommate after being sent by the World Werewolf Association to monitor him. Because of his long name, he is nicknamed Damao ( "long hair") by his roommates.
Abu
Voiced by: Xianghai Hao (seasons 1-2), Peng Sun (season 3) (Chinese), Shun Horie (Japanese)
Neil's roommate. A mummy who never speaks, and is typically only seen in the background.
Lily Angel
Voiced by: Yanyan Xi (Chinese), Marika Kono (Japanese)
Lynn's younger sister, whom Neil develops a crush on.
Nick Hoult
Voiced by: Zhang Zhen (Chinese), Yuichi Nakamura (Japanese)
Neil's older half-brother.
Evan Angel
Voiced by: Yang Xinran (Chinese), Kensho Ono (Japanese)
Lily's close friend, whom Neil is jealous of.
Luis Bite
Voiced by: Hu Lian (Chinese), Ryōhei Kimura (Japanese)
Neil's roommate. An American zombie and aspiring actor.
Momo
Voiced by: Hei Te (Chinese), Miyuki Sawashiro (Japanese)
An alcoholic Nekomata and former J-pop idol who lives next door.
Crystal
Voiced by: Zhifou Liu (Chinese)
Momo and Nick's friend. A Swedish unicorn now working as an exorcist.
Episodes
Series overview
Season 1 (2020)
Season 2 (2020)
Season 3 (2022)
Media
All Saints Street was originally published as a webcomic on the video sharing website Bilibili, where it has been serialized since 2016. In 2020, the series was adapted into an animated web series produced by Tencent Video and FENZ animation (Numerator), and animated by Hanmu Chunhua (HMCH). Season 1 aired from April to May 2020, and Season 2 aired October to December of the same year. Season 3 aired from January to April 2022, and a Season 4 was announced in December 2022 with a release date of 2023.
A Japanese-language dubbed version of the series was announced in March 2022 and premiered November 13, 2022. The main cast was announced in July 2022. In addition, the Japanese release included a Japanese version of the opening theme performed by CeVIO AI, and an original ending theme titled "mawari mawaru" (まわりまわる) performed by Sasanomaly. It is being simulcast on Crunchyroll, and distributed by Aniplex of America in the United States. The series will receive a DVD and Blu-ray release from February to April 2023.
Reception
, the series has exceeded 200 million views on Tencent Video.
Notes
a.All English titles are taken from Crunchyroll.
References
External links
All Saints Street (comic) at Bilibili
All Saints Street (cartoon) at Tencent Video
All Saints Street (cartoon) at Crunchyroll
Official donghua website (in Japanese)
Official donghua website (in English)
2016 webcomic debuts
Short form webcomics
2020 web series debuts
2020 Chinese television series debuts
Anime-influenced animation
Chinese webcomics
Chinese web series
Tencent original programming
Chinese animated television series
Television shows based on webcomics |
Károly Nemes-Nótás (28 October 1911 – 4 August 1982) was a Hungarian cyclist. He competed in the individual and team road race events at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1911 births
1982 deaths
Hungarian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Hungary
Cyclists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Cyclists from Budapest |
This is a list of all the United States Supreme Court cases from volume 518 of the United States Reports:
External links
1996 in United States case law |
The Volkswagen EA489 Basistransporter is a small front-wheel drive platform truck with a front-mounted Volkswagen air-cooled engine. Created by Volkswagen AG, it is about the size of a modern-day Volkswagen Polo and is perhaps one of the rarest Volkswagens in the world because it was never sold in a developed market.
History
It was built between 1976 and 1978, with only 2,600 units produced in completely knocked down kits in Hanover, Germany; and 3,600 units were produced in Puebla, Mexico, between 1977 and 1979 for the Mexican market where it was known as the Hormiga. The car was developed to compete with recent very basic utility vehicles developed by Ford and GM specifically for sale in East Asia, with the intent of opening new markets there and in Africa.
In Finland a truck called the Teijo, closely related to the EA-489, was built by the Wihuri Group from 1975 until 1976. About 200 were made, with some sent to Africa as foreign aid.
It was evaluated for production in the following countries: Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Pakistan, Indonesia, Turkey and Mexico. It was built and sold in Turkey as the EA489, in the Philippines as the Trakbayan ("Country Truck" in Filipino), in Indonesia as the Mitra ("Partner"), and in Mexico as the Hormiga ("Ant" in Spanish).
The Indonesian Mitra, built by P.T. Garuda Mataram Motor Company in Jakarta, featured the cowl of a Volkswagen Type 2 (T2b). A number of bodystyles, ranging from a naked cowl to an ambulance, were available. The Mitra's T2b body featured a front-mounted grille, and the pickup variations featured a bed more distinctly separated than the beds of its T2 cousins. A top speed was promised.
In the Philippines, the Trakbayan was built by DMG Inc. It had variations like the low-side and high-side pickups, van, and jeepney.
Specifications
Chassis: simple ladder frame
Engine configuration: air-cooled flat four-cylinder 'boxer', overhead valve (OHV) with pushrods
Engine displacement:
Motive DIN power: at 4,000 revolutions per minute,
Powertrain layout: front-mounted engine (under the cab), front-wheel drive
Suspension
Front – independent, longitudinal torsion bars and wishbones
Rear – rigid unpowered solid axle with leaf springs
Roadwheels: 4.5J × 14-inch
Maximum speed:
Payload:
Italics indicate Mexican-specified Hormiga
References
Basistransporter
Cars powered by boxer engines
Kit vehicles
Commercial vehicles
Light trucks |
Johann "Hans" Mock (9 December 1906 in Vienna – 22 May 1982) was an Austrian football midfielder.
He earned 12 caps for the Austria national football team. After the annexation of Austria by Germany, he earned 5 caps for the Germany national football team, and participated in the 1938 FIFA World Cup.
Career
FC Nicholson (1924–1927)
FK Austria Wien (1927–1942)
External links
Official website
RSSSF archive of results 1902–2003
References
1906 births
1982 deaths
Footballers from Vienna
Men's association football midfielders
Austrian men's footballers
Austria men's international footballers
German men's footballers
Germany men's international footballers
FK Austria Wien players
1938 FIFA World Cup players
Dual men's international footballers |
"Bad Bitch" (edited as "Bad B*tch") is a song by hip hop recording artist French Montana, featuring vocals from American R&B singer Jeremih. It was released on December 15, 2014, as a standalone single.
Music video
The music video for "Bad Bitch" was directed by Eif Rivera and released on February 23, 2015. It features cameo appearances by Travi$ Scott, Lil Durk and DJ Khaled.
Remix
The official remix features French Montana and Jeremih along with additional rap verses from Rick Ross and Fabolous.
Track listing
Digital single
Charts
References
2014 songs
2014 singles
French Montana songs
Jeremih songs
Bad Boy Records singles
Interscope Records singles
Songs written by Jeremih
Songs written by French Montana |
Richard Timothy Smith (born 25 March 1942), known professionally as Richard O'Brien, is a British-New Zealand actor, writer, musician, and television presenter. He wrote the musical stage show The Rocky Horror Show in 1973, which has remained in continuous production. He also co-wrote the screenplay along with director Jim Sharman for the film adaptation, The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975), and appeared on-screen as Riff Raff. The film has received a large cult following and became the longest-running theatrical release in film history. O'Brien co-wrote the musical Shock Treatment (1981) and appeared in the film as Dr. Cosmo McKinley.
O'Brien presented four series of the television game show The Crystal Maze (1990–1993) for Channel 4. He played the voice role of Lawrence Fletcher in the Disney Channel animated series Phineas and Ferb (2007–2015), as well as its two films (2011 and 2020). His other acting credits include Flash Gordon (1980), Robin of Sherwood (1985), Dark City (1998), Ever After (1998), Dungeons & Dragons (2000), and Elvira's Haunted Hills (2001).
After a long and successful career based in the United Kingdom, O'Brien gained dual citizenship with New Zealand in 2011, where he resided in Tauranga. O'Brien identifies himself as third gender and uses he/him pronouns.
Early life
O'Brien was born Richard Timothy Smith in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire. He emigrated with his family to Tauranga, New Zealand, at the age of 10, where his accountant father had purchased a sheep farm. He went to Tauranga Boys' College. He returned to England in 1964, after having learned how to ride horses (a skill which provided him with his break into the film industry as a stuntman in Carry On Cowboy) and developing a keen interest in comic books and horror films. He launched his acting career using his mother's maiden name, as there was already an actor named Richard Smith.
He says that his upbringing in New Zealand "instilled him with egalitarian ideals that helped him transcend British class restrictions".
Career
To improve his acting skills, O'Brien took method acting classes, and then joined several stage productions as an actor. In 1970, he went into the touring production of Hair for nine months, and spent another nine months in the London production. In the summer of 1972, he met director Jim Sharman who cast him as an Apostle and Leper in the London production of Jesus Christ Superstar. Sharman then cast O'Brien as Willie, the alien in his March 1973 production of Sam Shepard's The Unseen Hand at the Royal Court Theatre Upstairs.
Sharman also helped make O'Brien's draft of a gothic-themed, schlock-horror comic-book fantasy romp into a reality. Sharman suggested changing the working title from They Came from Denton High, and The Rocky Horror Show opened at the Theatre Upstairs in June 1973. Within weeks it had become a box-office hit, moving from the Royal Court to the Classic Cinema, a cinema up for demolition on the King's Road, then to the King's Road Theatre (formerly a cinema known as the Essoldo) and eventually into the West End at the Comedy Theatre.
After seeing the second night's performance of The Rocky Horror Show in the Theatre Upstairs, Jonathan King produced the original cast soundtrack in just over 48 hours during an off-stage weekend, and rushed it out on his UK Records label. He also became a 20% backer with producer Michael White, who put up the remaining 80%.
During this period, O'Brien and his wife Kimi Wong recorded and released pop singles under the name Kimi and Ritz.
Later career
O'Brien continued writing musicals with arranger Richard Hartley, including: T. Zee (1976), Disaster (1978), The Stripper (1982 – based on the Carter Brown novel and produced in Australia), and Top People (1984). O'Brien and Hartley also provided three songs for the film The Return of Captain Invincible (1983), starring Alan Arkin. O'Brien wrote his one-man revue Disgracefully Yours (1985) singing as Mephistopheles Smith.
O'Brien has appeared in Jubilee (1977), Flash Gordon (1980), Dark City (1998), Ever After (1998) and Dungeons & Dragons (2000), among others. Additionally he guest starred in five episodes in the third series of the HTV dramatisation of Robin of Sherwood, as the corrupt druid Gulnar. A music CD of the songs from Disgracefully Yours entitled Absolute O'Brien was released in 1998.
He became the presenter of UK Channel 4's game show The Crystal Maze in 1990, specialising in sardonic put-downs, occasional eccentricities and playing his harmonica at random intervals. The show ran from 1990 to 1995, with O'Brien presenting the first four series. It was regularly Channel 4's highest-rated programme, reaching a peak of 7 million viewers for the 1993 Christmas special. O'Brien left The Crystal Maze in 1993 after the fourth series; the show was then taken over by Edward Tudor-Pole. After two series without O'Brien, the show was cancelled.
In other roles, O'Brien has conceptualised and played the role of the Child Catcher in the West End theatre production of Chitty Chitty Bang Bang. He also occasionally performs cabaret-style music and comedy on stages around the world, singing songs from Rocky Horror among others. In 1995, he performed a select number of shows as the devilish charmer Mephistopheles Smith in a musical/comedy show he wrote entitled Disgracefully Yours, to which he later gave permission to be adapted into a musical, first by Eubank Productions for the Kansas City Fringe Fest in 2006, and more recently by Janus Theatre Company for the Edinburgh Fringe 2007, simply entitled Mephistopheles Smith. In late 2005, he appeared (as the spirit of the mirror) in the pantomime version of Snow White, which played at the Milton Keynes Theatre. In the summer of 2006, he played the Child Catcher in the Queen's 80th birthday celebrations at Buckingham Palace.
O'Brien performed in Thank-You for the Music, a 90-minute ABBA documentary for ITV, directed by Martin Koch, who previously directed the musical Mamma Mia! The documentary included a remake of the mini musical '"The Girl with the Golden Hair" which ABBA performed during their 1977 world tour and featured on ABBA: The Album (also 1977). The musical was performed at the Prince of Wales Theatre and featured O'Brien, Liz McClarnon and the Dynamos. He also hosted the 1993 Brit Awards.
A patron of the Five Stars Scanner Appeal, which benefits the Royal Manchester Children's Hospital. From 2001 to 2006 he hosted the annual Transfandango, gala gathering of Dearhearts and Trans 'n' Gentle People to raise money for the hospital. This has since been superseded by Richard O'Brien's Halloween Party.
A script for another rumoured sequel entitled Revenge of the Old Queen of Rocky Horror, has been circulated on the web and reproduced on various fan sites, although it has been officially denied as O'Brien's work by his representatives. While he has worked on a screenplay by that title, it was never publicly released. He wrote the lyrics for The Stripper (based on the book by Carter Brown), a musical which had its British premiere at the Queen's Theatre, Hornchurch (London) on 28 August 2009.
In 2004, members of the Hamilton City Council in New Zealand honoured O'Brien's contribution to the arts with a statue of Riff Raff, the character he played in The Rocky Horror Show, on the site of the former Embassy Cinema.
In September 2007, he reprised his role as the Child Catcher for the final two weeks of the five year British run of Chitty Chitty Bang Bang. He then played the role in its Singapore engagement for the month of November, extended to 9 December. Also in December, he visited Hamilton, New Zealand for An Evening With Richard O'Brien, with presenter Mark Sainsbury and director Fiona Jackson.
In December 2008, O'Brien donated his original script Pig in Boots to the Wireless Theatre Company, who converted it into an audio pantomime. The show was recorded live at the Headliners Comedy Club in front of a studio audience with live FX and music. The production was opened by an original interview with O'Brien. In October 2012, O'Brien judged "Stage Fright" with the Wireless Theatre Company as part of the London Horror Festival and performed an acoustic set of Rocky Horror songs.
In March 2012, he gave a performance of song and autobiographical stories, It's Party Time with Richard O'Brien at the Hamilton Founders Theatre to celebrate his 70th birthday. In June 2012, he returned to Hamilton, New Zealand, to appear on stage as Fagin with the Hamilton Operatic Society's production of Oliver! at the Founders Theatre.
O'Brien appeared in 2015 in The Rocky Horror Show in the West End in a limited 11-performance run.
In September 2016 O'Brien opened the second stage Embassy Park in Hamilton together with Mayor Julie Hardaker. In October 2016, he appeared as the Crystal Maze Computer in a one-off Celebrity Crystal Maze episode for the charity 'Stand Up To Cancer' on Channel 4.
Personal life
In a 2009 interview, O'Brien spoke about an ongoing struggle to reconcile cultural gender roles and described himself as transgender or "of a third gender". O'Brien stated, "There is a continuum between male and female. Some are hard-wired one way or another, I'm in between." He expounded on this in a 2013 interview where he talked about using oestrogen for the previous decade, and that he views himself as 70% male and 30% female. In 2017, O'Brien caused controversy when he said that he supported the statements of Germaine Greer and Barry Humphries that transgender women are not real women. He offered his sympathy to the trans community. In a 2020 interview with The Guardian, O'Brien was reported as stating: "I think anybody who decides to take the huge step with a sex change deserves encouragement and a thumbs-up. As long as they're happy and fulfilled, I applaud them to my very last day. But you can't ever become a natural woman".
In June 2010, the media reported that O'Brien had been denied New Zealand citizenship owing to his being too old under the country's immigration criteria. He commented, "They build a statue of me and celebrate me as a New Zealander, but I have to go on my knees and do all sorts of things, and I'm probably too old." O'Brien's application appeared to garner public support and the decision was later overturned on appeal. In August 2010, New Zealand's Dominion Post reported that O'Brien would be allowed residency and possibly citizenship as an "exceptional" case. According to the Waikato Times, he was officially registered as a New Zealand citizen on 14 December 2011.
On 16 August 2010, he appeared on an episode of Celebrity Cash in the Attic, where he donated the takings from his sale of memorabilia to the Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester.
O'Brien has been married three times and has three children. He and actress Kimi Wong were married on 4 December 1971 and had a son Linus in May 1972. He has a son and daughter from his second marriage to designer Jane Moss.
On 7 July 2012, aged 70, he proposed to Sabrina Graf, aged 35, a native of Germany, whom he had been dating for three years. They married on 6 April 2013 at their home in Katikati, Bay of Plenty.
Filmography
Film
Television
Video games
Theatre
Discography
Singles
"Merry Christmas Baby" (Kimi and Ritz) (1973)
"Eddie" (Richard O'Brien) (1973)
"Merry Christmas Baby (DJ version)" (Kimi and Ritz) – Epic Records (1974)
"I was in love with Danny (but the crowd was in love with Dean)" (Kimi and Ritz) (1974)
"Pseud's Corner" (Richard O'Brien) (1975)
"Liebesträume" (Franz Liszt/Richard O'Brien) (performed by Kimi and Ritz) (1975)
"There's a Light" (Kimi and Ritz) (1975)
Albums
Absolute O'brien (1999) (Oglio Records)
Soundtracks and cast recordings
The Rocky Horror Show (Original London cast) (1973)
The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975)
Shock Treatment (1981)
Awards and nominations
Awards
1998: Berlin International Film Festival Award - Special Teddy (for The Rocky Horror Picture Show)
2000: Gaylactic Spectrum Award (for The Rocky Horror Picture Show)
Nominations
1974: Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album (for The Rocky Horror Show)
1999: Fangoria Chainsaw Award - Best Supporting Actor (for Dark City)
2001: Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical (for The Rocky Horror Show)
References
External links
Richard O'Brien at RockyMusic.org
RiffRaffStatue.org, for the tribute statue in Hamilton, New Zealand
Pig In Boots, Richard O'Brien's Pig in Boots – Audio Pantomime produced by The Wireless Theatre Company
1942 births
Living people
British non-binary actors
English emigrants to New Zealand
English LGBT actors
English LGBT singers
English LGBT writers
English LGBT composers
English male film actors
English male television actors
English male voice actors
English television presenters
English non-binary people
Male actors from Gloucestershire
Male-to-female cross-dressers
Musicians from Gloucestershire
Naturalised citizens of New Zealand
New Zealand non-binary people
Non-binary singers
Non-binary composers
British non-binary writers
Actors from Cheltenham
Writers from Cheltenham
British non-binary musicians |
Michael Bullen (born 20 May 1937) is a British equestrian. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics and the 1964 Summer Olympics.
References
1937 births
Living people
British male equestrians
Olympic equestrians for Great Britain
Equestrians at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Equestrians at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Devon |
Melrose Family Fashions is a chain of clothing stores in the Southwestern United States operated by United Fashions of Texas Ltd.
Melrose was started in 1976 with one store in McAllen, Texas, by the Bar-Yadin family, immigrants from Israel.
This single store specialized in fashion for "Juniors", but grew over the years into a chain that included a Plus size department as well as a Contemporary Misses department.
There are over one hundred stores throughout Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada and California. In recent years Melrose has added departments for men and kids fashions, electronics, home goods and expanded cosmetics departments.
References
External links
melrosestore.com
1976 establishments in Texas
Companies based in Texas |
Montépilloy () is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.
See also
Communes of the Oise department
References
Communes of Oise |
Shi Zongyuan (; July 1946; Baoding, Hebei – March 28, 2013; Beijing), ethnic Hui, was a politician of the People's Republic of China, and former secretary of CPC Guizhou committee and chairman of Guizhou people's congress.
Biography
Shi was studying during four years (1964–1968) in the Northwest University for Nationalities. After his graduation from the department of politics, he started working in October 1968, and joined the Communist Party of China in May 1979. He had served during ten years (1969–1979) in various posts in Hezheng County of Gansu Province before eventually becoming the mayor of Hezheng. From July 1984 to November 1986, he served as vice mayor of Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu. From September 1985 to January 1986, he studied at CPC Central Party School. In November 1986, he became vice secretary of CPC Linxia committee, and was elevated to secretary in April 1988. He was appointed as director of propaganda department and a standing committee member of CPC Gansu committee. From September to November 1997, he again studied at Central Party School. In August 1998, Shi was transferred to Jilin Province and served as a standing committee member of CPC Jilin committee. He became the head of propaganda department of Jilin in October 1998. He was elevated to vice secretary of CPC Jilin committee in May 2000. In September 2000, he was appointed as director and Party chief of General Administration of Press and Publication of the People's Republic of China and the director of National Copyright Administration of the People's Republic of China. In December 2005, he became the secretary of CPC Guizhou committee, and since January 2006, Shi has served as Party chief of Guizhou and the chairman of Guizhou people's congress.
Shi was an alternate member of 14th and 15th Central Committees of Communist Party of China (1992-2002), and a full member of 16th and 17th Central Committees (2002-2012).
References
1946 births
2013 deaths
Politicians from Baoding
People's Republic of China politicians from Hebei
Hui people
Political office-holders in Guizhou
Chinese Communist Party politicians from Hebei |
Eflani District is a district of the Karabük Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town of Eflani. Its area is 674 km2, and its population is 8,352 (2022).
Composition
There is one municipality in Eflani District:
Eflani
There are 54 villages in Eflani District:
Abakolu
Aday
Afşar
Akçakese
Akören
Alaçat
Alpagut
Bağlıca
Bakırcılar
Başiğdir
Bedil
Bostancı
Bostancılar
Çalköy
Çamyurt
Çavuşlu
Çemçi
Çengeller
Çörekli
Çukurgelik
Çukurören
Demirli
Emirler
Esencik
Gelicek
Gökgöz
Göller
Güngören
Günlüce
Hacıağaç
Hacışaban
Halkevleri
Karacapınar
Karataş
Karlı
Kavak
Kıran
Kocacık
Koltucak
Kutluören
Müftüler
Mülayim
Osmanlar
Ovaçalış
Ovaşeyhler
Paşabey
Pınarözü
Saçak
Saraycık
Seferler
Şenyurt
Soğucak
Ulugeçit
Yağlıca
References
Districts of Karabük Province |
The 2000 African Men's Handball Championship was the 14th edition of the African Men's Handball Championship, held in Algiers, Algeria, from 22 April to 1 May 2000. It acted as the African qualifying tournament for the 2001 World Championship in France.
Egypt finished first in the round robin tournament and wins its third African title. Algeria finished second and Tunisia third.
Qualified teams
Venues
Hacène Harcha Arena, Algiers
Omnisports Arena, Djasr Kasentina (Algiers)
Standings
Matches
All times are local (UTC+1).
References
African handball championships
Handball
A
Handball
Handball in Algeria
20th century in Algiers
April 2000 sports events in Africa
May 2000 sports events in Africa |
Mandala Airlines Flight 091 (RI091/MDL091) was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Medan to Jakarta, operated by Mandala Airlines with a Boeing 737-200Adv. On September 5, 2005 at 10:15 a.m. WIB (UTC+7), the aircraft stalled and crashed into a heavily populated residential area seconds after taking off from Polonia International Airport. Of the 117 passengers and crews on board, only 17 survived. An additional 49 civilians on the ground were killed.
The crash of Flight 091 was a shock to North Sumatrans as the leader of North Sumatra province, Governor Rizal Nurdin, and his predecessor Raja Inal Siregar, were among the passengers and both were killed in the crash. There were 149 fatalities, making it the deadliest aviation accident involving a Boeing 737-200. It was the second deadliest airliner accident in Indonesia after Garuda Indonesia Flight 152, but is now the fourth-deadliest after being surpassed by the crashes of Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501 and Lion Air Flight 610.
The Indonesian National Transportation Safety Committee (NTSC) concluded that the crash was caused by the actions of the flight crew, in that they did not configure the aircraft properly for take-off. The retracted flaps and slats resulted in the aircraft being unable to fly due to insufficient lift. The aircraft take-off warning was not heard and investigators stated that it was possible the pilots did not receive a warning about the improper configuration, and were therefore unaware of their erroneous actions.
Aircraft
The aircraft was a Boeing 737-230 Adv with registration PK-RIM. Built in 1981, it was initially delivered to Lufthansa and was registered as D-ABHK. The aircraft was given the name "Bayreuth." It was acquired by Mandala Airlines in October 1994. The aircraft was 24 years old at the time of the accident and had a Certificate of Airworthiness valid until November 2005.
Passengers and crews
The aircraft was carrying 112 passengers and 5 crew members, consisting of 2 flight crew and 3 cabin crew. In total there were 114 adults and 3 children on board. The majority of those on board were Indonesians; however there were also foreigners on the aircraft. The Chinese embassy in Jakarta confirmed that there were 2 Chinese citizens from Fujian on board Flight 091. Official also confirmed the presence of a 3-year-old Japanese child on board Flight 091, who was killed in the crash. A 17-month old girl and her mother were among the survivors.
Among the passengers were the incumbent governor of North Sumatra, Rizal Nurdin, and his immediate predecessor, Raja Inal Siregar. Nurdin was flying with his daughter to attend a national Indonesian governors meeting with then-President of Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. A member of the Indonesia Regional Representative Council (DPD), Abdul Halim, was also on board the flight.
The captain, 34-year-old Askar Timur, had 7,552 flight hours, including 7,302 hours on the Boeing 737. The first officer, 31-year-old Daufir Efendi. had 2,353 total flight hours, with 685 of them on the Boeing 737. The cabin crews were Dewi Setiasih (24), Novi Maulana Sofa (22) and Agnes Retnaning Lestari (31).
Flight
Flight 091 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Polonia International Airport (now Soewondo Air Force Base) in Medan, the largest city in Sumatra, to Soekarno-Hatta International Airport in the Indonesian capital Jakarta. Flight 091 was the second trip of the day for the aircraft, which had earlier flown from Jakarta to Medan with the same flight crew.
The aircraft was pushed back at 09:52 a.m. and start-up clearance was given immediately after. It then taxied out onto Runway 23 and was cleared to take off at 10:03 a.m. with an altitude of .
Accident
Flight crews then added thrust and the aircraft began rolling on the runway. As it was rolling, passengers noted that the aircraft took longer than usual to take off from the airport, even though the aircraft was already in a nose up position. The aircraft briefly took off, then veered to the left and to the right, stalled and then the tail impacted the runway. It briefly lifted off for the second time before crashing again onto the runway. As the tail struck the runway, it left marks on Runway 23.
The aircraft then struck several approach lights located at the end of the runway before traveling across grass, crossing a small river and finally crashing onto the crowded Djamin Ginting road. Onlookers and motorists on the road panicked as the aircraft came towards them. The left wing struck a building and the aircraft exploded into flames. It broke into three parts. Passengers on the aft fuselage stated that the front part of the aircraft was obliterated as the aircraft exploded. It continued to slide onto the road, hitting multiple cars, bikes, powerlines and streetlamps and destroying several shops and houses. Several unnoticing drivers got their vehicles flipped by the sliding aircraft and subsequently burst into flames. The aft fuselage then came to rest in the middle of the road.
Immediate aftermath
As the aircraft's of fuel ignited, it caused a massive fire in the area. Multiple houses and shops nearby caught fire, trapping residents and shoppers. The situation was chaotic and was filled with screams of residents who were searching for their relatives and families in the neighborhood, while dozens of people were seen running with their clothes alight. In the Polonia airport control tower, air traffic controllers immediately closed the airport and notified the airport's fire brigade about the crash. However, when fire crews arrived at the end of Runway 23, they realized that the crash site was outside the airport perimeter and that there was no access to the accident site.
Locals immediately assisted the search and rescue operation. Medan's firefighting units and ambulances were immediately dispatched onto the scene. As rescuers had not arrived at the crash site, multiple victims had already been transported with private cars and public minibuses. Rescuers were quickly overwhelmed by the number of victims and the number of onlookers at the crash site. As there was no coordination among the rescue team, the evacuation was severely hampered. The chaotic situation and crowded condition of the crash site rendered the evacuation process to be difficult.
Survivors escaped from the burning aircraft through a gaping hole at the front part of the remaining aft fuselage. As the fire on the aircraft intensified, residents noticed that one of the pilots was still alive. They then tried to extricate him from his seat. However, as they were unfamiliar with the seat's harness, they were unable to get him out. An explosion suddenly struck the cockpit, causing the rescuers to run away.
To ease the evacuation process, residents had to line up the bodies that they had found earlier. Indonesian Army personnel were deployed to assist the search and rescue operation. Rain then started to fall around noon, effectively dousing the flames in the area. According to residents who had tried to save the pilot, the pilot’s seat was completely burnt and his body was nowhere to be found. By this time, more than 50 bodies had been recovered. They were taken to various hospitals across Medan, mainly Adam Malik Hospital. Officials also used the hall of Polonia International Airport to store victims pending identification.
On the night of September 5, the Indonesian Minister of Transportation Hatta Rajasa announced the death toll from the crash. A total of 149 people had been killed, of whom 49 were civilians on the ground. 17 passengers survived the accident, with 100 of those on board (including all five crew members) known to have died. Two of the survivors, a mother and her 17-month-old child, were unharmed in the crash. Most of the survivors were seated at the aft fuselage. A passenger told Indonesian news channel MetroTV from hospital that he and five other people seated in the back of the plane in Row 20 had all survived. "There was the sound of an explosion in the front and there was fire and then the aircraft fell," he said. The survivor said he escaped the blazing wreck by jumping through the torn fuselage and fleeing on foot as four large explosions erupted behind him. Officials reported that at least 16 houses and 32 vehicles had been destroyed by the crash of Flight 091.
Rizal Nurdin, the Governor of North Sumatra, former governor Raja Inal Siregar, his immediate predecessor, and Senator Abdul Halim Harahap, a member of the Regional Representative Council, were among the dead.
Response
In response to the death of Senator Abdul Halim, the Indonesian Regional Representative Council declared 3 days of mourning. The Indonesian flag in the building of the People's Consultative Assembly was flown at half-mast. To honor the victims of the crash, a minute's silence was observed by the Indonesian House of Representatives. The North Sumatra provincial government also declared 3 days of mourning and ordered flags to be flown at half-mast throughout the province. Meanwhile, Indonesian President Soesilo Bambang Yudhoyono immediately asked the Indonesian Ministry of Transportation to investigate the crash. He postponed the national Indonesian governors meeting in Jakarta and decided to visit the crash site. He later attended the funeral of North Sumatran Governor Rizal Nurdin.
Members of the 5th Commission of the Indonesian People's Representative Council, responsible for transportation in Indonesia, announced it would summon the then-Indonesian Minister of Transportation Hatta Rajasa and representatives from Mandala Airlines in response to the crash. Speaker of the 5th Commission, Sofyan Mille, also asked the Indonesian government to regulate low-cost carriers in Indonesia in order to prevent "cost-cutting".
In the following days, the Indonesian Ministry of Transportation conducted a "special check" on multiple Boeing 737-200s from various domestic airliners at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport. The check resulted in the grounding of four Boeing 737-200s as officials reported several maintenance issues with the aircraft. The aircraft were grounded indefinitely until the operators resolved the issues.
The Indonesian Ministry of Home Affairs appointed then-deputy governor of North Sumatra Rudolf Pardede as the acting governor of North Sumatra. This decision, however, was met with opposition from members of several parties due to alleged falsified academic certificate. Party members even threatened to walk out from every meetings attended by Pardede in the future. North Sumatran students also held a demonstration to protest the decision. This sparked a political crisis in North Sumatra which lasted until the next year. Pardede was subsequently inaugurated as the governor of North Sumatra in March 2006.
Mandala Airlines stated that they would fly relatives of the victims to Medan using two aircraft from their fleet. They later stated that a 7-day tahlil would be held at the airlines' main headquarters in Jakarta. Indonesian state-owned insurance company, Jasa Raharja, announced that relatives of each person killed in the accident would receive 50 million rupiah compensation and those who were injured would receive 25 million rupiah. Vice President Jusuf Kalla reassured families that each victims would be compensated by the state.
One day after the crash, officials stated that they had not been able to identify 60 dead bodies and that a mass grave would be dug. The mass grave was dug at the same location where victims of Garuda Indonesia Flight 152 and 1979 Garuda Fokker F28 crash were buried. The mass funeral was held on 7 September and the procession was led by Abdillah, the mayor of Medan.
Investigation
The investigation was carried out by the Indonesian National Transportation Safety Committee (NTSC), with assistance from the United States National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and representatives from Boeing as the manufacturer of the aircraft. The NTSC had also requested the Australian and the Thai authorities for a readout on the black boxes. According to a member of the NTSC, Rita Wijaya, the investigation could take up to one year. She promised that the final report on the crash would be made public.
Both flight recorders were recovered immediately after the crash and were sent to the United States for a read out by the NTSB. Even though both recorders were found in good condition, NTSC noted that there was a malfunction on the cockpit area microphone (CAM). As such, investigators could not determine the actual situation inside the cockpit due to the poor quality of the cockpit voice recorder.
According to investigators, since Flight 091 had difficulties in taking-off, investigators decided to investigate three main possible causes; the weight and balance of the aircraft, the condition of the engines, and the configuration of the flaps and slats.
Cargo overload
Two days after the crash of Flight 091, the then-head of the Indonesian National Transportation Safety Committee, Setio Rahardjo, stated that the aircraft was carrying 2 tonnes of durians, out of the of cargo on board Flight 091. The actual take-off weight of Flight 091 was , just less of the Boeing 737-230Adv's maximum take-off weight of . There was speculation that the massive amount of durians on board had caused the aircraft to crash. The director of Mandala Airlines, Asril Tanjung, denied that the aircraft was carrying durians on board, adding that such number of durians could only be transported by multiple trucks. However, this contradicted statements from multiple witnesses who claimed that there were dozens of durians lying around the crash site. Tanjung later admitted that the aircraft did carry 2 tons of durians. During a public hearing in the Indonesian People's Representative Council, members of parliament questioned the Indonesian Minister of Transportation, Hatta Rajasa, on the presence of durians on board. Hatta decided not to comment on the matter, opting to remind the public and the media to not speculate on the cause of the crash.
Calculations made by investigators later concluded that the center of gravity had not shifted and that the aircraft was stable for take-off. While the take-off weight was 3 kg less than what the pilot had requested (), it was less than the maximum take-off weight for this particular condition. As such, the aircraft's weight was not a factor in the crash.
The rumors that durians had caused the crash of Flight 091, however, persists until today.
Engine failure
In the aftermath of the crash, several news media speculated that the crash had been caused by a malfunctioning engine, stating that a “pen clip” on one of the aircraft’s engines had failed and ultimately caused an engine failure. There were also reports that one of its engines had fallen onto the runway. NTSC expressed their disappointment over these reports and asked the public and the media not to issue unconfirmed information on the possible causes of the crash as the investigation was still ongoing.
Data obtained from NTSC, however, confirmed that the aircraft had previously experienced engine failure. On 29 January 2003, while rolling to take off from Achmad Yani International Airport in Semarang, the left engine caught fire. The tower tried to inform the crew of the situation, but the pilots were busy, and so they did not respond. After the aircraft was airborne, the tower repeated the information and the pilots answered, explaining that the No. 1 engine had failed. The pilot said that they would make a right turn to base. The aircraft landed safely. After inspection, it was found that the No. 1 engine was covered by animal wool.
Inspection of the aircraft’s wreckage did not indicate any sort of engine failure on board Flight 091. Both engines were being operated at high power setting during impact and no sign of overheating was observed. Both engines operated at normal performance. Thus, engine failure was not a factor in the crash.
Retracted flaps and slats
During the field investigation, the NTSC managed to recover six out of eight flapjack screws, and all of them were in the retracted position. The team also discovered a piece of the slats. The piece revealed that the slats were in the retracted position. They concluded that both flaps and slats on Flight 091 had not been extended.
Investigators stated that there were three possible reasons for the retracted position of the flaps; flap asymmetry, flap system failure, or flight crew error.
Findings on the wreckage concluded that all 6 flapjack screws were in the exact same position. All of the screws, which originated from the left and right flap, were in zero position (retracted). Therefore, flap asymmetry was ruled out as the reason for the retracted flaps and slats.
The investigation then shifted to a failure of the flap system. Examination of the wreckage could not identify faults that could affect the flap actuator and flap position indicator system. Only limited single faults were identified that could affect the systems simultaneously. Maintenance records from the last six months also did not indicate any abnormalities on the flap actuator and flap position indicator system. Thus, investigators concluded that failure of the flap system was unlikely.
Flight crew error became the main suspect in the investigation. If the flaps and slats had not been extended, then the take-off configuration warning should have warned the crews about the improper setting. Due to the poor quality of the CVR, investigators could not determine whether the warning had sounded or not during the flight. The aircraft maintenance records showed that the take-off warning horn had been checked and maintained in accordance with the proper procedure and that there were no complaints about the take-off warning system. However, there was a possibility that the warning had not sounded, causing the crew to fail to notice the improper configuration.
Regardless of the aural warning, the crews should have noticed that the flaps and slats were in retracted condition. The flight checklist provided clues for the pilots on whether the flaps and slats had been extended or not. If the flaps and slats had been set in the retracted position, then they would have not seen an illuminated green light and the flap indicator would have indicated a retracted (zero) position. Also, since Flight 091 was asked to hold for 3 minutes prior to its take-off, the flight crews had sufficient time to conduct the flight checklist.
Conclusion
The official final report on the accident was published by the National Transportation Safety Committee (NTSC) of Indonesia on 1 January 2009. According to the report, the probable causes of the accident were the following:
The aircraft took off with an improper take-off configuration, namely with retracted flaps and slats causing the aircraft failed to lift off.
Improper checklist procedure execution had led to failure to identify the flap in retract position.
The aircraft's Take-off warning system horn was not heard on the CAM channel of the CVR. It is possible that the take-off configuration warning was not sounding.
The report also criticised the lack of coordination among the rescuers, which possibly could have caused the deaths of people who had survived the crash earlier as rescuers did not arrive in time. For example, during the crash of Flight 091, the airport fire brigade decided to dispatch a limited number of fire fighting units to the crash site after considering that the crash was located outside of the airport area. The other firefighting units were told to remain in place, despite the fact that the airport had been closed. Additional lack of infrastructure led to confusion among the rescuers to locate the crash site, thus hampering the search and rescue effort.
NTSC issued several recommendations to Mandala Airlines and the Indonesian Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA). One of these was a request for the DGCA to mandate airports in Indonesia to conduct a real-time exercise of their Airport Emergency Plan at least once a year.
Legacy
Prior to the crash of Mandala Airlines Flight 091, members of the National Transportation Safety Committee worked voluntarily, receiving no salary from the Indonesian government. After the crash, members of NTSC were paid according to a pre-determined salary.
To honor the death of the North Sumatran Governor, Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono posthumously awarded Nurdin with Bintang Mahaputra, the second highest honor in Indonesia. The newly-built North Sumatran Government Archive and Library was named after Nurdin by North Sumatran governor for the 2016 - 2018 period, Tengku Erry Nuradi.
See also
List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft
List of aircraft accidents and incidents resulting in at least 50 fatalities
Similar accidents
British European Airways Flight 548
Delta Air Lines Flight 1141
LAPA Flight 3142
Lufthansa Flight 540
Northwest Airlines Flight 255
Spanair Flight 5022
Notes
References
External links
Final Report (Archive) – National Transportation Safety Committee
Accident description on planecrashinfo
Photograph of the wreckage PK-RIM. From Airliners.net. Retrieved 2010-01-23.
Additional photograph of the crash site. From Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives. Retrieved 2021-11-17
Videos
Aftermath of the crash in residential suburb from Associated Press
Rescue operation at the crash site on YouTube
President visits crash site from Associated Press
Mass funeral for the victims from Associated Press
Families of the victims from Trans Media
2005 disasters in Asia
Aviation accidents and incidents in 2005
Aviation accidents and incidents in Indonesia
2005 in Indonesia
Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 737 Original
091
Medan
September 2005 events in Asia |
Space Chimps is a 2008 computer-animated comic science fiction film directed by Kirk DeMicco (in his directional debut), who wrote the screenplay with Rob Moreland. It features the voices of Andy Samberg, Cheryl Hines, Jeff Daniels, Patrick Warburton, Kristin Chenoweth, Kenan Thompson, Zack Shada, Carlos Alazraqui, Omid Abtahi, Patrick Breen, Jane Lynch, Kath Soucie, and Stanley Tucci.
The film follows three chimpanzees who go into space to an alien planet. 20th Century Fox theatrically released the film on July 18, 2008, and received mostly negative reviews by critics. The film grossed $64.8 million on a $37 million budget. It received an Artios Award nomination for Outstanding Achievement in Casting – Animation Feature. A video game based on the film was also released in July 2008.
A direct-to-video sequel, entitled Space Chimps 2: Zartog Strikes Back, was released in October 2010.
Plot
In outer space, an uncrewed, intelligent life-searching NASA space probe, Infinity, is dragged into an intergalactic wormhole and crash-lands on the other side of the galaxy. It lands on the Earth-like alien planet named Malgor, populated by colorful alien beings. Zartog (Jeff Daniels), an evil-minded inhabitant, accidentally discovers how to take manual control of the onboard machinery and uses it to enslave the population. Faced with the possible extinction of Infinity and their budget, the scientists hire multiple chimpanzees as astronauts to regain contact with the probe and retrieve it: technical genius Comet (Zack Shada), lieutenant Luna (Cheryl Hines) and commander Titan (Patrick Warburton). For media attention, the Senator (Stanley Tucci) adds to the team Ham III (Andy Samberg), grandson of Ham, the first chimpanzee in space, who works as a cannonball at a circus. Ham III is uninterested in the mission, but he (along with the other space chimps (except Comet)) is launched into space despite his best efforts to escape the scientist's training facility.
Ham, Luna and Titan enter the wormhole, where the latter two pass out from the pressure, leaving Ham with the task of getting the ship out and landing it. The ship and Titan are taken by Zartog's henchmen, and Titan teaches Zartog about the probe's features. Ham and Luna journey to Zartog's palace. Ham reveals that he believes Space Chimps is a joke which makes Luna angry at him. They receive guidance from inhabitant Kilowatt (Kristin Chenoweth). They go into a valley of the aliens' food where they meet some globhoppers, and then they go into the cave of the Flesh-Devouring Beast where Kilowatt sacrifices themselves by getting eaten by the monster so Ham and Luna bypass it, They then go inside the Dark Cloud of Id in which they fall out of. Once at the palace, they rescue Titan and plan to leave. However, Ham, Luna and Titan alter their course of action after noticing Zartog torturing the inhabitants who are being frozen in a pool of freznar, feeling they owe it to Kilowatt to rescue the planet.
Zartog then attacks the chimpanzees with the probe. Just as they are about to get destroyed, Titan tricks Zartog into what he thought could have him dominate the universe, triggering an ejection mechanism in the probe, which in turn leads to his defeat by falling into the freznar. The chimps then discover that Kilowatt has survived, and they make contact with Comet and Houston (Carlos Alazraqui), a friend of Ham's grandfather, back on Earth through a walkie-talkie. Since the ship they boarded is not on Malgor as the chimpanzees jumped out during its launch, Comet, Luna, and Titan use a different method to exit the planet. They redesign the probe, with help from the planet's inhabitants, and use an erupting volcano to thrust it off the planet's gravity.
The chimpanzees go into space, and just as they are about to re-enter the wormhole, Titan hands the controls over to Ham, the one who can withstand the pressure and thus pilot the ship. Ham, although initially skeptical, is motivated by a mental conversation with his grandfather's spirit; he maneuvers the ship back to Earth and lands it with Luna's help, and the Senator, under pressure from the press, decides to dramatically increase the space program's funding. The scientists celebrate the chimpanzee' return.
Cast
Andy Samberg as Ham III, Ham I's grandson and a circus chimpanzee who loves cannon acts and crashing.
Cheryl Hines as Luna, Titan's lieutenant who is fearless and intelligent and Ham’s love interest.
Patrick Warburton as Titan, the flamboyant commander of the expedition. He has a great love of chimpanzee puns.
Jeff Daniels as Zartog, an alien tyrant who enslaves the planet Malgor.
Kristin Chenoweth as Kilowalawhizasahooza (Kilowatt for short), a young alien who befriends Ham and Luna.
Kenan Thompson as The Ringmaster, the owner of a circus where Ham III works.
Zack Shada as Comet, a technical genius chimp.
Carlos Alazraqui as Houston, a friend of Ham's grandfather. and Piddles the Clown.
Omid Abtahi as Dr. Jagu
Patrick Breen as Dr. Bob
Jane Lynch as Dr. Poole
Kath Soucie as Dr. Smothers
Stanley Tucci as The Senator
Wally Wingert as Splork, Infinity Probe, and Pappy Ham
Tom Kenny as Newsreel
Jason Harris as Guard
Production
In 2002, Kirk DeMicco conceived a film premise of anthropomorphic chimpanzees on a spaceship from viewing The Right Stuff (1983), a fictional depiction of the Mercury Seven program. It included the line, "Does a monkey know he's sitting on top of a rocket that might explode?" which made him wonder what happened if the monkey knew. Shortly after the lightbulb moment, he saw the famous space chimpanzee Ham on the cover of a 1961 issue of Life magazine; the chimpanzee's smug expression gave him the idea of a self-centered protagonist going on a dangerous space mission. Using the Life magazine issue with him, DeMicco pitched his ideas to John H. Williams, comparing the plot to that of Tommy Boy (1995). Williams was instantly hooked and began working with him from there. They later decided on "a great sci-fi adventure" for children that was also a mocking of science fiction media in the same way the Shrek films, which Williams also produced, parodied fairy tales. De Micco wanted the planet to have the vibe of the Mos Eisley cantina of the Star Wars series.
The project and its name, Space Chimps, were first publicized in a Variety article on June 7, 2004, announcing it was next in Vanguard's production line after Valiant (2005). The film was produced in two years by Williams' Vanguard Animation studio with a team of around 170, a $37 million budget, and DeMicco as director. For the film, a new pipeline was created, as well as a studio constructed in Vancouver. Chris Bacon was chosen as composer, who was recommended to DeMicco by James Newton Howard. The limited budget meant creative choices had to be made for the music to sound interesting; according to DeMicco, beds were occasionally used alongside the orchestra, and the Blue Man Group played PVC pipes.
Release
On April 11, 2006, 20th Century Fox signed a deal with Vanguard minority owner IDT Entertainment to distribute four films, the second in line being Space Chimps.
Space Chimps was originally set to be released on May 2, 2008, but on December 19, 2007, the movie's release date was changed to July 18, 2008. This was mainly because of the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike.
Reception
Critical response
Rotten Tomatoes reported that 33% of professional critics gave positive reviews based on 92 reviews. The consensus states: "Space Chimps cheap animation and overabundance of monkey puns feels especially dated in a post WALL-E world." On Metacritic, the film holds a 36/100 based on 18 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.
Roger Ebert gave a positive review of three stars and said in his review that "Space Chimps is delightful from beginning to end." The New York Times said that Space Chimps was "hilarious". Lael Loewenstein of Variety called it "fairly fatuous but enjoyably slim family entertainment".
Box office
The film has grossed $30.1 million in the United States, and $34.7 million in other countries, totalling $64.8 million worldwide. The film was released in the United Kingdom on August 1, 2008, and opened on #7, grossing £563,543.
On its opening weekend, Space Chimps was number seven with a gross of $7.1 million in 2,511 theatres, with an $2,860 average; it was a poor opening for the film, debuting on (at the time) the highest-grossing box office weekend ever in the United States.
Awards
Home media
20th Century Fox Home Entertainment released Space Chimps on DVD and Blu Ray on November 25, 2008.
Video game
A video game based on the film was released in July 2008, published by Brash Entertainment and developed by Redtribe, Wicked Witch Software and WayForward Technologies.
Sequel
The sequel was released in May 2010 to cinemas in the United Kingdom, and premiered direct to video in October 2010 in the United States. It was universally panned by critics, and grossed just over $4 million during its theatrical run.
See also
Space Chimps 2: Zartog Strikes Back
Space Chimps (video game)
References
External links
2008 films
2008 computer-animated films
2000s adventure comedy films
2000s science fiction comedy films
2000s American animated films
Animated films about apes
American adventure comedy films
American children's animated space adventure films
American children's animated comic science fiction films
British adventure comedy films
British science fiction comedy films
British children's films
Canadian adventure comedy films
Canadian animated science fiction films
Canadian children's animated films
Canadian science fiction comedy films
2000s children's adventure films
Films produced by Barry Sonnenfeld
Films produced by John H. Williams
Animated films set on fictional planets
Animated films about animals
Animals in space
20th Century Fox animated films
20th Century Fox films
20th Century Studios franchises
Vanguard Animation
2000s children's films
2000s children's animated films
2008 directorial debut films
2008 comedy films
2000s English-language films
2000s Canadian films
2000s British films
2000s American films
The Weinstein Company animated films
Canadian animated comedy films |
Wing Commander Allan Runciman Brown was an Australian World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories. During World War II, he was a Wing Commander for the Royal Australian Air Force.
He was born on 24 April 1895, and in civilian life, Brown was a draper in Launceston, Australia.
Brown originally served as an artillery officer, before becoming a pilot. He was assigned to No. 68 Squadron RFC/1 Squadron AFC in Egypt. There he was teamed with Lieutenant Garfield Finlay as his observer/gunner on Bristol F2b Fighters; Brown's gunner for four of his five triumphs was Finlay. Brown's modus operandi was to force enemy planes into landing, and then destroy them on the ground with bombs and bullets. He scored his first win on 3 May 1918 near Suweilah, and his last one on 22 August 1918 at Ramleh. He also carried out successful ground attacks on cavalry and anti-aircraft guns.
Honours and awards
Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC):
Notes
References
1895 births
1964 deaths
Royal Flying Corps officers
Royal Australian Air Force officers
Australian World War I flying aces
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)
Royal Air Force officers
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Air Force personnel of World War I
Royal Australian Air Force personnel of World War II |
The Pennyworth was a freighter, built in Scotland in 1916.
She was the first freighter to carry cargo to Canada's newly opened deepwater port on the Arctic Ocean, at Churchill, Manitoba.
She arrived on August 17, 1932, carrying a mixed cargo of liquor, china and glass tableware, binding twine, and lubricating oil, as well as a few passengers. She was the first freighter to arrive again in 1933, on August 13, 1933.
References
External links
Cargo ships of the United Kingdom
Ships built in Scotland
1916 ships |
Thomas Trenchard (1640 – 20 November 1671) was an English politician who served as Member of Parliament for Poole in Dorset from 1670 to 1671.
Family
His younger brothers were fellow MPs John Trenchard and Henry Trenchard.
Life
He was elected to Parliament in the 1670 general election.
Death
He died on 20 November 1671, and was buried at Charminster.
References
1640 births
1671 deaths
English MPs 1661–1679
People from Poole
People from Purbeck District |
Out of the Blue is a 1947 American screwball comedy film based on the short story by Vera Caspary who also co-wrote the screenplay. It stars George Brent, Virginia Mayo, Turhan Bey, Ann Dvorak and Carole Landis. It was directed by Leigh Jason.
Plot
Arthur Earthleigh (George Brent) lives in an apartment in Greenwich Village where he is dominated by his wife Mae (Carole Landis) and annoyed by Rabelais, the German Shepherd owned by his neighbour, artist and swinging bachelor David (Turhan Bey). David has a constant parade of attractive women visiting his apartment to pose for him. He currently is being visited by Deborah (Virginia Mayo) who wants David's champion Rabelais to breed with her dog.
When his wife goes off to visit her sister, Arthur visits a bar where he's picked up by interior decorator Olive (Ann Dvorak) who comes home with him. Olive has a taste for brandy that she insists alleviates her heart condition but makes her tipsy. Arthur orders the reluctant Olive to leave, but Olive enters the guest room unbeknownst to Arthur. Waking up the next day Arthur discovers Olive has not only spent the night but redecorated the room. In attempting to get her to leave he knocks Olive down to the floor where he thinks she has died.
The film has Olive's 'body' moved about by David who uses Arthur's fear of having killed Olive to blackmail him into changing his mind about having a court order ordering David to get rid of his dog. Meanwhile, a serial killer is stalking the Village with two elderly snoopers (Elizabeth Patterson and Julia Dean) believing Olive is his victim. Adding to Arthur's troubles is his wife returning.
Cast
George Brent as Arthur Earthleigh
Virginia Mayo as Deborah Tyler
Turhan Bey as David Gelleo
Ann Dvorak as Olive Jensen
Carole Landis as Mae Earthleigh
Elizabeth Patterson as Miss Spring
Julia Dean as Miss Ritchie
Richard Lane as Detective Noonan
Charles Smith as Elevator Boy (as Charlie Smith)
Paul Harvey as Holliston
Alton E. Horton as Detective Dombry
Hadda Brooks as Singer
Flame as Rabelais
Production
Mystery writer Vera Caspary's had a percentage deal with Eagle-Lion Films. She also wrote the screenplay for her Bedelia in England the previous year which was also produced by her future husband Isadore Goldsmith. Her original short story for Out of the Blue appeared in Today's Woman magazine in September 1947.
Hadda Brooks sings the title song in a nightclub.
References
External links
1947 films
American black-and-white films
American comedy films
Eagle-Lion Films films
Films set in New York City
1947 comedy films
Films directed by Leigh Jason
Films scored by Carmen Dragon
Films based on works by Vera Caspary
1940s English-language films
1940s American films |
Origny-le-Butin () is a former commune in the Orne department in north-western France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Belforêt-en-Perche. Its population was 92 in 2019.
The area was studied in the form of a microhistory by the French historian Alain Corbin in his book The Life of an Unknown (2001).
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Orignylebutin |
Henry E. Murphy Beck, (also called Henry E. M. Beck, born June 6, 1986) is an American lawyer and Democratic politician from Waterville, Maine. He has served as Maine State Treasurer since 2019.
Biography
Beck graduated from Waterville High School and from Colby College. He served on the Waterville City Council.
Beck served in the Maine House of Representatives representing District 110 from December 2008 until December 2016. In 2011 he was appointed to serve on the Commission to Apportion Maine's Congressional Districts. He served as the Chair of Joint Standing Committee on Insurance and Financial Services.
He was term-limited in 2016, running instead for the Maine State Senate. He lost to the incumbent, Republican Scott Cyrway. He was succeeded in the House by fellow Democrat Colleen Madigan, whom Cyrway had unseated from the Senate two years before.
A former Democratic lawmaker, Beck was elected Maine State Treasurer on December 6, 2018, after the Democrats reclaimed both houses of the Maine Legislature. He defeated incumbent Treasurer Terry Hayes, an independent backed by the Republicans. He assumed office on January 2, 2019.
During the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Beck endorsed former South Bend, Indiana mayor Pete Buttigieg.
References
External links
Official website
1986 births
Colby College alumni
Living people
Maine city council members
Maine lawyers
Democratic Party members of the Maine House of Representatives
Politicians from Waterville, Maine
State treasurers of Maine |
Ember Reichgott Junge (born August 22, 1953) is an attorney, radio personality, and former state senator from Minnesota, representing New Hope and surrounding communities. A Democrat, she was elected to the Senate at age 29 and served for 18 years. Junge served as majority whip from 1991 to 1994, and as assistant majority leader from 1995 to 2000. She authored the first charter school law in the United States.
In 1998, Junge ran for Minnesota Attorney General in the DFL primary, losing to Mike Hatch, who went on to be elected in November. She served as the Minnesota chair of Joe Lieberman's 2004 presidential campaign. In 2006, she ran for Congress in the 5th Congressional district. In the contest to replace retiring incumbent Martin Olav Sabo, she placed third in the DFL primary, trailing Keith Ellison, the endorsed candidate, and former Sabo aide Mike Erlandson.
Junge is a frequent analyst on local Twin Cities political/public affairs programs, including KSTP-TV's At Issue with Tom Hauser and Almanac on Twin Cities Public Television.
Junge also pursues activities outside politics; she has appeared on stage at the Lakeshore Players Community Theater in White Bear Lake, Minnesota.
Junge is the Chief Advancement Officer for Lutheran Social Service of Minnesota.
References
External links
Minnesota Public Radio Profile
Lutheran Social Services of Minnesota: Ember Reichgott Junge
Living people
1953 births
Democratic Party Minnesota state senators
People from New Hope, Minnesota
Women state legislators in Minnesota
American women lawyers
Place of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women |
The Shasta Cascade League is a high school sports league based in Northern California. It serves schools in Modoc, Shasta, Siskiyou, and Trinity Counties, and its athletic teams are members of the Northern Section of the California Interscholastic Federation.
Current league teams
Etna High School (Lions)
Fall River High School, McArthur (Bulldogs)
Modoc High School, Alturas (Braves)
Mt. Shasta High School (Bears)
Trinity High School, Weaverville (Wolves)
Weed High School (Cougars)
Former league teams
Bishop Quinn High School, Palo Cedro (Lions)
Hayfork High School (Timberjacks)
Tulelake High School (Honkers)
Burney High School (Raiders)
External links
Northern Section CIF website
CIF Northern section |
George Druxman (December 4, 1929 – July 2, 1999) was a Canadian football player who played for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers. He won the Grey Cup with Winnipeg in 1958, 1959, 1961 and 1962. He played college football at the University of Portland. After his football career he was a hotelier. Druxman died in 1999.
References
1929 births
1999 deaths
Winnipeg Blue Bombers players
Portland Pilots football players
Canadian football people from Winnipeg
Players of Canadian football from Manitoba |
The mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) is one of the two subspecies of the eastern gorilla. It is listed as endangered by the IUCN as of 2018.
There are two populations: One is found in the Virunga volcanic mountains of Central/East Africa, within three National Parks: Mgahinga, in southwest Uganda; Volcanoes, in northwest Rwanda; and Virunga, in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
The other population is found in Uganda's Bwindi Impenetrable National Park. Some primatologists speculate the Bwindi population is a separate subspecies, though no description has been finalized. As of June 2018, there were more than 1,000 individuals.
Evolution, taxonomy, and classification
Mountain gorillas are descendants of ancestral monkeys and apes found in Africa and Arabia during the start of the Oligocene epoch (34–24 million years ago). The fossil record provides evidence of the hominoid primates (apes) found in East Africa approximately 22–32 million years ago. The fossil record of the area where mountain gorillas live is particularly poor and so its evolutionary history is not clear.
It was about 8.8 to 12 million years ago that the group of primates who were to evolve into gorillas split from their common ancestor with humans and chimps; this is when the genus Gorilla emerged. Mountain gorillas have been isolated from eastern lowland gorillas for approximately 10,000 years and these two taxa separated from their western counterparts approximately 1.2 to 3 million years ago. The genus was first referenced as Troglodytes in 1847, but renamed to Gorilla in 1852. It was not until 1967 that the taxonomist Colin Groves proposed that all gorillas be regarded as one species (Gorilla gorilla) with three subspecies Gorilla gorilla gorilla (western lowland gorilla), Gorilla gorilla graueri (lowland gorillas found west of the Virungas) and Gorilla gorilla beringei (mountain gorillas, including Gorilla beringei, found in the Virungas and Bwindi). In 2003, after a review, they were divided into two species (Gorilla gorilla and Gorilla beringei) by The World Conservation Union (IUCN). There is now agreement that there are two species, each with two subspecies.
Characteristics
The fur of the mountain gorilla, often thicker and longer than that of other gorilla species, enables them to live in colder temperatures. Gorillas can be identified by nose prints unique to each individual
Males reach a standing height of , a girth of , an arm span of and a weight of . Females are smaller with a weight of .
This subspecies is smaller than the eastern lowland gorilla, the other subspecies of eastern gorilla. Adult males have more pronounced bony crests on the top and back of their skulls, giving their heads a more conical shape. These crests anchor the powerful temporalis muscles, which attach to the lower jaw (mandible). Adult females also have these crests, but they are less pronounced. Like all gorillas, they feature dark brown eyes framed by a black ring around the iris. Adult males are called silverbacks because a saddle of gray or silver-colored hair develops on their backs with age. The hair on their backs is shorter than on most other body parts, and their arm hair is especially long. Fully erect males can reach in height, with an arm span of and weigh . The tallest silverback recorded was tall with an arm span of , a chest of , and a weight of , shot in Alimbongo, northern Kivu in May 1938. There is an unconfirmed record of another individual, shot in 1932, that was and weighed . The heaviest silverback recorded was a tall specimen shot in Ambam, Cameroon.
The mountain gorilla is primarily terrestrial and quadrupedal. However, it will climb into fruiting trees if the branches can carry its weight. Like all great apes other than humans, its arms are longer than its legs. It moves by knuckle-walking, supporting its weight on the backs of its curved fingers rather than its palms.
The mountain gorilla is diurnal, spending most of the day eating, as large quantities of food are needed to sustain its massive bulk. It forages in the early morning, rests during the late morning and around midday, and in the afternoon it forages again before resting at night. Each gorilla builds a nest from surrounding vegetation to sleep in, constructing a new one every evening. Only infants sleep in the same nest as their mothers. They leave their sleeping sites when the sun rises at around 6 am, except when it is cold and overcast; then they often stay longer in their nests.
Distribution and habitat
The mountain gorilla inhabits the Albertine Rift montane cloud forest, including the Virunga Mountains, ranging in elevation from . Most groups live on the slopes of three of the dormant volcanoes: Karisimbi, Mikeno, and Visoke. The vegetation is very dense at the bottom of the mountains, becoming more sparse at higher elevations, and the forests are often cloudy, misty and cold.
Behaviour and ecology
The home range used by one group of gorillas during one year is influenced by availability of food sources and usually includes several vegetation zones. George Schaller identified ten distinct zones, including: bamboo forest at ; Hagenia forest at ; and the giant senecio zone at . The mountain gorilla spends most of its time in Hagenia forest, where galium vines are found year-round. All parts of this vine are consumed: leaves, stems, flowers, and berries. It travels to the bamboo forest during the few months of the year when fresh shoots are available, and it climbs into subalpine regions to eat the soft centers of giant senecio trees.
Diet
The mountain gorilla is primarily a herbivore; the majority of its diet is composed of the leaves, shoots, and stems (85.8%) of 142 plant species. It also feeds on bark (6.9%), roots (3.3%), flowers (2.3%), and fruit (1.7%), as well as small invertebrates. (0.1%). In a year long study in Bwindi Impenetrable Forest adult males ate an average of of food a day, while a females ate .
Social structure
The mountain gorilla is highly social, and lives in relatively stable, cohesive groups held together by long-term bonds between adult males and females. Relationships among females are relatively weak. These groups are nonterritorial; the silverback generally defends his group rather than his territory. In the Virunga mountain gorillas, the average length of tenure for a dominant silverback is 4.7 years.
61% of groups are composed of one adult male and a number of females and 36% contain more than one adult male. The remaining gorillas are either lone males or exclusively male groups, usually made up of one mature male and a few younger males. Group sizes vary from five to thirty, with an average of ten individuals. A typical group contains: one dominant silverback, who is the group's undisputed leader; another subordinate silverback (usually a younger brother, half-brother, or even an adult son of the dominant silverback); one or two blackbacks, who act as sentries; three to four sexually mature females, who have bonded for life to the dominant silverback; and from three to six juveniles and infants.
Most males and approximately 60% of females leave their natal group. Males leave when they are about eleven years old, and often the separation process is slow: they spend more and more time on the edge of the group until they leave altogether. They may travel alone or with an all-male group for two–five years before they can attract females to join them and form a new group. Females typically emigrate when they are about eight years old, either transferring directly to an established group or beginning a new one with a lone male. Females often transfer to a new group several times before they choose to settle down with a certain silverback male.
The dominant silverback generally determines the movements of the group, leading it to appropriate feeding sites throughout the year. He also mediates conflicts within the group and protects it from external threats. When the group is attacked by humans, leopards, or other gorillas, the silverback will protect them, even at the cost of his own life. He is the center of attention during rest sessions, and young gorillas frequently stay close to him and include him in their games. If a mother dies or leaves the group, the silverback is usually the one who looks after her abandoned offspring, even allowing them to sleep in his nest. Young mountain gorillas have been observed searching for and dismantling poachers' snares.
When the silverback dies or is killed by disease, accident, or poachers, the family group may be disrupted. Unless there is an accepted male descendant capable of taking over his position, the group will either split up or adopt an unrelated male. When a new silverback joins the family group, he may kill all of the infants of the dead silverback. Infanticide has not been observed in stable groups.
Analysis of mountain gorilla genomes by whole genome sequencing indicates that a recent decline in their population size has led to extensive inbreeding. As an apparent result, individuals are typically homozygous for 34% of their genome sequence. Furthermore, homozygosity and the expression of deleterious recessive mutations as consequences of inbreeding have likely resulted in the purging of severely deleterious mutations from the population.
Aggression
Although strong and powerful, mountain gorillas are generally gentle and very shy. Severe aggression is rare in stable groups, but when two mountain gorilla groups meet, sometimes the two silverbacks can engage in a fight to the death, using their canines to cause deep, gaping injuries. Conflicts are most often resolved by displays and other threat behaviors that are intended to intimidate without becoming physical.
A ritualized charge display is unique to gorillas. The entire sequence has nine steps: (1) progressively quickening hooting, (2) symbolic feeding, (3) rising bipedally, (4) throwing vegetation, (5) chest-beating with cupped hands, (6) one leg kick, (7) sideways running four-legged, (8) slapping and tearing vegetation, and (9) thumping the ground with palms. Jill Donisthorpe has stated that a male charged at her twice. In both cases, the gorilla turned away when she stood her ground.
Affiliation
The midday rest period is an important time for establishing and reinforcing relationships within the group. Mutual grooming reinforces social bonds, and helps keep hair free from dirt and parasites. It is not so common among gorillas as in other primates, although females groom their offspring regularly.
Young gorillas play often and are more arboreal than the large adults. Playing helps them learn how to communicate and behave within the group. Activities include wrestling, chasing, and somersaults. The silverback and his females tolerate and, if encouraged, even participate.
Vocalization
Twenty-five distinct vocalizations are recognized, many of which are used primarily for group communication within dense vegetation. Sounds classified as grunts and barks are heard most frequently while traveling, and indicate the whereabouts of individual group members. They also may be used during social interactions when discipline is required. Screams and roars signal alarm or warning, and are produced most often by silverbacks. Deep, rumbling belches suggest contentment and are heard frequently during feeding and resting periods. They are the most common form of intragroup communication.
Aversions
Mountain gorillas generally demonstrate aversion to certain reptiles and insects. Infants, whose typical behavior is to chase anything that moves, will go out of their way to avoid chameleons and caterpillars. The gorillas also demonstrate an aversion to water bodies in the environment and will cross streams only if they can do so without getting wet, such as by using fallen logs to cross the stream. They also dislike rain.
Research
In October 1902, Captain Robert von Beringe (1865–1940) shot two large apes during an expedition to establish the boundaries of German East Africa. One of the apes was recovered and sent to the Berlin Zoological Museum, where Professor Paul Matschie (1861–1926) classified the animal as a new form of gorilla and named it Gorilla beringei after the man who shot it. In 1925, Carl Akeley, a hunter from the American Museum of Natural History who wished to study the gorillas, convinced Albert I of Belgium to establish the Albert National Park to protect the animals of the Virunga mountains.
George Schaller began his 20-month observation of the mountain gorillas in 1959, subsequently publishing two books: The Mountain Gorilla and The Year of the Gorilla. Little was known about the life of the mountain gorilla before his research, which described its social organization, life history, and ecology.
Dian Fossey began what would become an 18-year study in 1967. Fossey made new observations, completed the first accurate census, and established active conservation practices, such as anti-poaching patrols. The Digit Fund, which Fossey started, continued her work and was later renamed the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International. The Fund's Karisoke Research Center monitors and protects the mountain gorillas of the Virungas. Close monitoring and research of the Bwindi mountain gorillas began in the 1990s.
Conservation
As of 2018, the mountain gorilla was listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List. Conservation efforts have led to an increase in the overall population of the mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) in the Virungas and at Bwindi. The overall population is now believed to be at more than 1,000 individuals.
In December 2010, the official website of Virunga National Park announced that "the number of mountain gorillas living in the tri-national forested area of which Virunga forms a part, has increased by 26.3% during the last seven years - an average growth rate of 3.7% per annum." The 2010 census estimated that 480 mountain gorillas inhabited the region. The 2003 census had estimated the Virunga gorilla population to be 380 individuals, which represented a 17% increase in the total population since 1989, when there were 320 individuals. The population has almost doubled since its lowest point in 1981, when a census estimated that only 254 gorillas remained.
The 2006 census at Bwindi indicated a population of 340 gorillas, representing a 6% increase in total population size since 2002 and a 12% increase from 320 individuals in 1997. All of those estimates were based on traditional census methods using dung samples collected at night nests. Conversely, genetic analyses of the entire population during the 2006 census indicated there only were approximately 300 individuals in Bwindi. The discrepancy highlights the difficulty in using imprecise census data to estimate population growth.
According to computer modeling of their population dynamics in both Bwindi and the Virungas, groups of gorillas who were habituated for research and ecotourism have higher growth rates than unhabituated gorillas. Habituation means that through repeated, neutral contact with humans, gorillas exhibit normal behavior when people are in proximity. Habituated gorillas are more closely guarded by field staff and they receive veterinary treatment for snares, respiratory disease, and other life-threatening conditions. Nonetheless, researchers recommended that some gorillas remain unhabituated as a bet-hedging strategy against the risk of human pathogens being transmitted throughout the population.
The main international non-governmental organization involved in conservation of mountain gorillas is the International Gorilla Conservation Programme, which was established in 1991 as a joint effort of the African Wildlife Foundation, Fauna & Flora International, and the World Wide Fund for Nature. Conservation requires work at many levels, from local to international, and involves protection and law enforcement as well as research and education.
Dian Fossey broke down conservation efforts into the following three categories:
Active conservation includes frequent patrols in wildlife areas to destroy poacher equipment and weapons, firm and prompt law enforcement, census counts in regions of breeding and ranging concentration, and strong safeguards for the limited habitat the animals occupy.
Theoretical conservation seeks to encourage growth in tourism by improving existing roads that circle the mountains, by renovating the park headquarters and tourist lodging, and by the habituation of gorillas near the park boundaries for tourists to visit and photograph.
Community-based conservation management involves biodiversity protection by, for, and with the local community.
A collaborative management process has had some success in the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park. The forest was designated a national park in 1991; this occurred with little community consultation and the new status prohibited local people from accessing resources within the park as well as reducing economic opportunities. Subsequently, a number of forest fires were deliberately lit and threats were made to the gorillas. To counteract this, three schemes to provide benefits from the existence of forest communities and involving the local community in park management were developed. They included agreements allowing the controlled harvesting of resources in the park, receipt of some revenue from tourism, and establishment of a trust fund partly for community development. Tension between people and the park has thus been reduced and now there is more willingness to take part in gorilla protection. Surveys of community attitudes conducted by CARE show a steadily increasing proportion of people in favour of the park. Moreover, there have been no cases of deliberate burning and the problem of snares in these areas has been reduced.
While community-based conservation bears out individual analysis, there are significant overlaps between active and theoretical conservation and a discussion of the two as halves of a whole seems more constructive. For example, in 2002, Rwanda's national parks went through a restructuring process. The director of the IGCP, Eugène Rutagarama, stated that "They got more rangers on better salaries, more radios, more patrol cars and better training in wildlife conservation. They also built more shelters in the park, from which rangers could protect the gorillas". The funding for these types of improvements usually comes from tourism - in 2008, approximately 20,000 tourists visited gorilla populations in Rwanda, generating around $8 million in revenue for the parks.
According to the Director of UNESCO, Audrey Azoulay, "As we have seen in Rwanda, species conservation succeeds when local communities are placed at the heart of the conservation strategy. Biodiversity protection measures must go hand in hand with measures that meet the needs of these local communities". In Rwanda, it costs $1,500 per person to come and see the gorillas. Under Rwandan law, 10% of this revenue must be returned to the community, which represents around €10 million invested in building schools, roads and drinking water supplies. As Audrey Azoulay explains, in 1980 there were just 250 mountain gorillas, today there are 1,063 - and 80% of them in Rwanda.
In Uganda too, tourism is seen as a "high value activity that generates enough revenue to cover park management costs and contribute to the national budget of the Uganda Wildlife Authority." Furthermore, tourist visits which are conducted by park rangers also allow censuses of gorilla sub-populations to be undertaken concurrently.
In addition to tourism, other measures for conservation of the sub-population can be taken such as ensuring connecting corridors between isolated areas to make movement between them easier and safer.
Threats
The mountain gorilla is threatened by habitat loss and poaching.
Habitat loss
Loss of habitat is one of the most severe threats to gorilla populations. The forests where mountain gorillas live are surrounded by rapidly increasing human settlement. Through shifting (slash-and-burn) agriculture, pastoral expansion, and logging, villages in forest zones cause fragmentation and degradation of habitat. The late 1960s saw the Virunga Conservation Area (VCA) of Rwanda's national park reduced by more than half of its original size to support the cultivation of Pyrethrum. This led to a massive reduction in mountain gorilla population numbers by the mid-1970s. The resulting deforestation confines the gorillas to isolated deserts. Some groups may raid crops for food, creating further animosity and retaliation.
The impact of habitat loss extends beyond the reduction of suitable living space for gorillas. As gorilla groups are increasingly isolated from one another geographically due to human settlements, the genetic diversity of each group is reduced. Some signs of inbreeding are already appearing in younger gorillas, including webbed hands and feet.
Poaching
Mountain gorillas are not usually hunted for bushmeat, but frequently, they are maimed or killed by traps and snares intended for other animals. They have been killed for their heads, hands, and feet, which are sold to collectors. Infants are sold to zoos, researchers, and people who want them as pets. The abduction of infants generally involves the loss of at least one adult, as members of a group will fight to the death to protect their young. The Virunga gorillas are particularly susceptible to animal trafficking for the illegal pet trade. With young gorillas worth from $1,000 to $5,000 on the black market, poachers seeking infant and juvenile specimens will kill and wound other members of the group in the process. Those of the group that survive often disband. One well-documented case is known as the "Taiping 4". In this situation, a Malaysian Zoo received four wild-born infant gorillas from Nigeria at a cost of US$1.6 million using falsified export documents.
Poaching for meat also is particularly threatening in regions of political unrest. Most of the African great apes survive in areas of chronic insecurity, where there is a breakdown of law and order. The killing of mountain gorillas at Bikenge in Virunga National Park in January 2007 was a well-documented case.
Disease
Despite the protection garnered from being located in national parks, the mountain gorilla is also at risk from people of a more well-meaning nature. Groups subjected to regular visits from tourists and locals are at a continued risk of disease cross-transmission (Lilly et al., 2002) – this is in spite of attempts to enforce a rule that humans and gorillas be separated by a distance of seven metres at all times to prevent this.
With a similar genetic makeup to humans and an immune system that has not evolved to cope with human disease, this poses a serious conservation threat. Indeed, according to some researchers, infectious diseases (predominantly respiratory) are responsible for approximately 20% of sudden deaths in mountain gorilla populations.
With the implementation of a successful ecotourism program in which human-gorilla interaction was minimised, during the period of 1989–2000 four sub-populations in Rwanda experienced an increase of 76%. By contrast, seven of the commonly visited sub-populations in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) saw a decline of almost 20% over only four years (1996–2000).
The risk of disease transmission is not limited to those of a human origin; pathogens from domestic animals and livestock through contaminated water are also a concern. Studies have found that waterborne, gastrointestinal parasites such as Cryptosporidium sp., Microsporidia sp., and Giardia sp. are genetically identical when found in livestock, humans, and gorillas, particularly along the border of the Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, Uganda.
War and civil unrest
Rwanda, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo have been politically unstable and beleaguered by war and civil unrest during the last decades. Using simulation modeling, Byers et al. (2003) have suggested that times of war and unrest have negative impacts on the habitat and populations of mountain gorillas. Due to the increase in human encounters, both aggressive and passive, this has resulted in a rise in mortality rates and a decrease in reproductive success.
More direct impacts from conflict can also be seen. Kanyamibwa notes that there were reports that mines were placed along trails in the Volcanoes National Park, and that many gorillas were killed as a result. Pressure from habitat destruction in the form of logging also increased as refugees fled the cities and cut down trees for wood. During the Rwandan genocide, some poaching activity also was linked to the general breakdown of law and order and lack of any ramifications.
See also
Eugène Rutagarama
Small population size
Sumatran orangutan
References
Other sources
African Wildlife Foundation, awf.org
External links
Mountain Gorilla Veterinary Project, a NGO that provides medical care to the gorillas
Conservation Through Public Health, an Ugandan NGO working for mountain gorilla conservation
Official website for Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International
African Wildlife Foundation, mountain gorillas
Gorillas
Mammals of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Mammals of Rwanda
Mammals of Uganda
Virunga Mountains
Critically endangered fauna of Africa
Mammals described in 1903
Taxa named by Paul Matschie |
Kamir, also known as khamir or samir (; Pegon: ) is a round-shaped bread that almost similar to apem or pancake, consists of flour, butter, and egg mixture, sometimes mixed with other fillings ingredients such as banana, tapai, strawberry, pineapple, jackfruit, cheese, and chocolate.
This bread is known in Arab-Javanese community in Indonesia, especially Pemalang Regency, Central Java.
Description
This bread or cake is round-shaped, flat brown and almost resembles to apem or pancake but slightly larger and slender. The size is variative, the largest size up to the size of a dinner plate, while the smallest resemble the size of a small sauce bowl.
See also
Pukis, a similar Indonesian hotcake
Dorayaki, a similar Japanese small pancake
Cuisine of Indonesia
Arab Indonesian cuisine
Javanese cuisine
References
Indonesian breads
Javanese cuisine |
Curfew Breakers is a 1957 American film starring Paul Kelly and Cathy Downs. It was also known as Hooked and Narcotics Squad.
External links
Curfew Breakers at Letterbox DVD
Curefew Breakers at TCMDB
1957 films
American crime action films
1950s English-language films
Films scored by Paul Dunlap
1950s American films |
William Vanzela is a Brazil-born Italian goalkeeper who has been a long term goalkeeper of Baltimore Blast at Major Arena Soccer League. He has also played in Paraná Clube prior to joining the Blast. He was selected to represent Italy in the FIF7 Mundialito 2011 held in Brazil where they won the Championship. He was also awarded the best goalkeeper for 2 consecutive season in FIF7 from 2011-2012 and in 2013 he join Lazio (7v7) club and play in FIF7 World Club Championship.
References
https://www.maslsoccer.com/stats#/player/119670/stats MASL stats]
Longtime Blast Goalkeeper William Vanzela Aims For More Than Championships In Baltimore
to Know Baltimore Blast Goalie William Vanzela
Check out the winners of the best goalkeeper award of the last seasons
About William Vanzela
1985 births
Living people
Italian men's footballers
Baltimore Blast players
Major Arena Soccer League players
Sportspeople from Cascavel
Footballers from Paraná (state)
Brazilian people of Italian descent
Men's association football goalkeepers
Indoor soccer goalkeepers
San Diego Sockers (2009) players |
The Last White Dishwasher is a 2008 mockumentary short film, based on an original concept by Carlos Alazraqui, and written and directed by Claudia Duran. It tells the story of the "last white dishwasher in America." It was featured at the Los Angeles Latino International Film Festival on October 14, 2009.
Plot
Bobby Ray Jacobs (Carlos Alazraqui), a Southern man, is the sole remaining Caucasian dishwasher in America, and is surprisingly famous for it. The dishwasher career is a legacy for his family, starting with his grandfather. The film depicts several interviews with Bobby Ray and many of his friends, including his agent Rudy Valentine (Lombardo Boyer) and his British girlfriend Tamara Swanson (Tara Strong), explaining how he got his job and how he got to be where he is today.
Cast
Carlos Alazraqui as Bobby Ray Jacobs, the title character. He is the last white dishwasher in America.
Lombardo Boyar as Rudy Valentine, Bobby Ray's agent, and the restaurant manager.
Tara Strong as Tamara Swanson, Bobby's girlfriend from London.
Jill Michele Melean as Maria Melendez-Smith, a television reporter.
Cedric Yarbrough as himself. During his red carpet arrival, he shares a story about Bobby Ray, and supports more white dishwashers.
Sean Corvelle as Mr. Williams, the line cook. He does not see what the big deal is about Bobby Ray.
Johnny Sanchez as Yuri, a busboy. He says he wants Bobby Ray to wash the dishes for his daughter's quinceañera.
Sabastian Centina as Jorge, a busboy. He is upset that Yuri did not choose him.
Lauren Santos as Audrey, the waitress. She admires Bobby.
Alexander Bedria as Dr. Skip Singer, Bobby Ray's sports psychologist.
Cha-Cha as Bambi the dog, Tamara's dog.
References
External links
2008 films
American mockumentary films
2008 comedy films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films |
No Never Alone is the debut album by Canadian singer-songwriter Justin Rutledge, released in 2004 on Six Shooter Records.
A remastered "deluxe edition" was released in 2012 on Outside Music. The process of revisiting the album's material in turn inspired his 2013 album Valleyheart, which he described in interviews as a response from his older, more mature and more experienced self to No Never Alone's "young kid who just wrote what he felt".
Track listing
References
2005 albums
Justin Rutledge albums
Six Shooter Records albums |
The Blue Grotto or Blue Cave (Croatian: Modra špilja), is a waterlogged sea cave located in a small bay called Balun (Ball in the local dialect), on the east side of the island of Biševo and about from Komiža, in the Croatian Adriatic. It is situated in the central Dalmatian archipelago, 5 km south-west of the island of Vis. The grotto is one of the best known natural beauty spots on the Adriatic and a popular show cave because of the glowing blue light that appears at certain times of day.
The grotto
First described and painted by Baron Eugen von Ransonet, the cave was originally accessible only by diving as it had one natural entrance below the sea level. Based on his suggestion, an artificial entrance large enough for small boats was built in 1884.
The natural entrance to the cave, located on its southern side, is said to resemble a vault on the ceiling of a grotto. It is through this submarine-like opening on the ceiling of the cave that sunlight gets in and creates an iridescent blue glowing effect all around the cave. As well, a stone bar, connecting two walls of the cave, is clearly visible just below the waterline, both in above-water photographs and in underwater photos.
Depending on the season, the ideal moment to visit the cave is between 11 AM and 12 noon. At this time of day the sunlight reflects through the water coming from the white floor of the cave and bathes the grotto in aquamarine light, while objects in the water appear to be silver. The Blue Grotto (Italian: Grotta Azzurra) on the island of Capri in Italy is also famous for this type of phenomenon.
The cave was formed by the wave action of the sea, as sea water eroded the limestone rock of which the whole island of Biševo is composed. The cave itself is 24 meters long, 10–12 metres deep and up to 15 metres high, while the entrance to it measures 1.5 metres high and 2.5 metres wide.
The cave receives more than 10,000 tourist visits every year, and tourist boats often include a visit to another similar cave on the island, the Zelena špilja (English: The Green Grotto), which is bigger in size and appears to be of an emerald-green tone due to a similar effect.
See also
Biševo
Island of Vis
Show cave
Blue Grotto (Malta)
References
External links
Modra Špilja at Show Caves of the World
Biševo at Dalmacija.net
Blue Cave Bisevo Island Croatia HD - 720p on YouTube
Travel guide for visiting Blue Cave at zentravelcroatia.com
Caves of Croatia
Sea caves
Show caves in Croatia
Grottoes
Landforms of Split-Dalmatia County |
Stan Brett (7 March 1913 – 25 August 1991) was a former Australian rules footballer who played with Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Notes
External links
1913 births
1991 deaths
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Richmond Football Club players |
General Brennan may refer to:
John W. Brennan (fl. 2010s–2020s), U.S. Army major general
Kieran Brennan (born 1957), Irish Army major general
Michael Brennan (Lieutenant-General) (1896–1986), Irish Defence Forces general
See also
John Milton Brannan (1819−1882), Union Army brigadier general |
"Blessings" is a song by American rapper Big Sean from his third studio album Dark Sky Paradise (2015). The song was serviced to urban contemporary radio on January 31, 2015, as the album's third official single. It features Canadian rapper Drake and GOOD Music label boss Kanye West, with production from Vinylz and Allen Ritter. The music video for the song was released on YouTube on March 3, 2015. The single and music video version feature Drake and West, while the album version featured only Drake. The song received two nominations at the 2015 Soul Train Music Awards for Best Collaboration and Hip-Hop Song of the Year
Background
The video of the song was released in greyscale. The original release only contained a feature from Drake, this being the version which appears on Dark Sky Paradise. An extended version featuring an additional verse from Kanye West was released as a single on February 3, 2015. Big Sean makes a reference to the Cartoon Network series Ed, Edd N Eddy in the song when he raps “I’ve lost homies who been with me since Ed, Edd N Eddy”.
Charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
2014 songs
2015 singles
Big Sean songs
Drake (musician) songs
Kanye West songs
Black-and-white music videos
Song recordings produced by Vinylz
Songs written by Big Sean
Songs written by Drake (musician)
Songs written by Kanye West
Songs written by Vinylz
Songs written by Allen Ritter
Song recordings produced by Allen Ritter |
Dick Metz is an American former professional tennis player.
Metz, a native of California, played his junior and senior collegiate seasons at the UCLA Bruins, where he was a member of the 1979 NCAA championship team. A doubles silver medalist at the World University Games, Metz earned All-American honors for the Bruins in 1980. His time at UCLA included a win over future ATP top 10 player Tim Mayotte.
In 1982 he featured in the singles main draw of the Benson and Hedges Open in Auckland and made the final singles qualifying round of the Wimbledon Championships.
Metz was later the tour coach of WTA Tour player Patty Fendick.
References
External links
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American male tennis players
UCLA Bruins men's tennis players
Medalists at the 1979 Summer Universiade
Universiade silver medalists for the United States
Universiade medalists in tennis
Tennis people from California
American tennis coaches |
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