text stringlengths 1 22.8M |
|---|
Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden is a fjord located in King Frederick VIII Land, in Northeast Greenland National Park of northeastern Greenland. It is located at latitude 79° N (hence the name, which in Danish means "the fjord of seventy-nine") between Lambert Land and Hovgaard Island. The fjord was named by the Denmark expedition in April 1907. The uninhabited Tobias Island is located 80 km east of the fjord.
In September 2020, satellite imagery showed that a big chunk of ice shattered into many small pieces from the last remaining ice shelf in Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden.
See also
List of fjords of Greenland
References
Fjords of Greenland |
The chief justice of the Supreme Court of Gibraltar is one of the four judges who make up the supreme court of Gibraltar. Previously the chief justice was appointed by the Governor of Gibraltar on the advice of the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Under the 2006 Constitution the Governor, on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission, makes the appointment on behalf of the Monarch.
As a judge of the Supreme Court, the chief justice is responsible for hearing civil and criminal proceedings, including Family Jurisdiction, Court of Protection, Admiralty Jurisdiction and Ordinary (Chancery) Jurisdiction, as well as appeals from the Magistrates' Court.
History
Notable chief justices include Sir James Cochrane who held the post for over thirty years during the nineteenth century. Notable cases include the resolution of the strange case of the Mary Celeste, a ship found abandoned at sea in 1872.
On 17 September 2007 the Governor announced the suspension of The Hon. Chief Justice Derek Schofield on full pay pending the investigation and resolution of the ongoing conflict between him, Chief Minister Peter Caruana and leading members of the Gibraltar Bar Association stemming from the judicial reforms introduced through Gibraltar's new constitution and the Judicial Services Act. During Schofield's suspension, Additional Judge Anthony Dudley was acting Chief Justice.
On 1 February 2010, The Convent announced that acting on the advice of the Judicial Services Commission, Governor Sir Adrian Johns had on behalf of Queen Elizabeth, formally appointed Anthony Dudley as Chief Justice of Gibraltar. He is the first Gibraltarian judge to be appointed Chief Justice of Gibraltar.
List of chief justices
See also
Court system of Gibraltar
References
External links
Organisation of Justice in Gibraltar
Gibraltar's Constitution & Legal System
Law of Gibraltar |
The women's hammer throw event at the 2015 Military World Games was held on 7 October at the KAFAC Sports Complex.
Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and CISM record were as follows:
Schedule
Medalists
Results
Final
References
hammer throw
2015 in women's athletics |
```javascript
function function_declaration()
// this is a function
{
return 42
}
(function named()
// this is a function
{
return 42
})();
(function ()
// this is a function
{
return 42
})();
/* anonymous declaration */
export default function ()
// this is a function
{
return 42
}
a = {
foo()
// this is a function
{},
bar: function()
// this is a function
{},
}
``` |
Inter-Provincial First Class Tournament (usually referred to as simply the Inter-Provincial Cricket Tournament) was a domestic first-class cricket competition in Sri Lanka, held by Sri Lanka Cricket. It was a part of their Inter-Provincial Cricket program. From 2008 the Inter-Provincial First Class Tournament became the mainstream domestic first class competition in Sri Lanka, with the Premier Trophy being the other, which is played between the clubs in Sri Lanka. The tournament had begun in 1990 as Singer President's Trophy and was played continually for five years, until it was rebooted in 2003. Both Basnahira North and Western Province City, which is now merged into Basnahira North and South, have won the most tournaments, three each.
The tournament hasn't been contested since 2010.
History
Singer President's Trophy
Inter-Provincial Tournament
Teams
Current teams
Former Teams
Winners
Competition placings
Statistics and records
See also
Premier Trophy
References
External links
Cricinfo-provincial archive
Sri Lankan domestic cricket competitions
First-class cricket competitions |
Bubby is a nickname which may refer to:
Bubby Brister (born 1962), American former National Football League quarterback
Bubby Dacer (1934–2000), publicist in the Philippines who was murdered
Bubby Jones (1941–2020), American race car driver and member of the National Sprint Car Hall of Fame
Bubby Gill (born 1984), American football player
Bubby Rossman (born 1992), American Major League Baseball pitcher
Bub or Bubby, one of the main characters in the Bubble Bobble video game series
English masculine given names
Masculine given names
Nicknames |
John McKenna (January 6, 1880 – November 26, 1947) was an Irish-American musician originally from Tents, Tarmon, County Leitrim, midway between Drumkeeran and Drumshanbo. The area is a scenic mountainous area overlooking Lough Allen and the surrounding countryside.
Life and music
As a young man McKenna worked in the Arigna Collieries. He married local nurse Mary Jane Keaveney on 13 September 1909 in Brigid's Church, Drumkeeran. The young couple emigrated to America following their marriage and settled in New York, having arrived on 3 October 1909. The couple went on to have nine children, six of whom survived. John McKenna took up employment with the New York City Fire Department in July 1920, but after the premature death of his wife, McKenna left his employment in 1926 to care for his young family.
McKenna's recording career spanned from 1921 to 1937. He recorded with New Republic, O'Byrne De Witt, Columbia and Decca Records, amongst others. John McKenna was responsible for reintroducing Leitrim tunes such as "Lucky in Love", "The Sailor and the Rock" and the "Happy Days of Youth". His legacy of recordings made him one of the most influential flute players in Irish traditional music – he has influenced De Dannan, Frankie Gavin and Matt Molloy.
John McKenna is buried at Calvary Cemetery, Hawthorne, New York.
A monument to McKenna's music legacy was erected in Tarmon in 1980. Shortly afterwards the John McKenna Music Festival was instituted, which takes place every year in Drumkeeran.
Recordings
In 2014 a "definitive" 2-CD collection of McKenna's recordings, re-mastered by Harry Bradshaw, which includes an illustrated book containing a full account of his life and times, was released by The John McKenna Society.
See also
Irish flute
References
External links
John McKenna Traditional Irish Music Society
Irish male flautists
1947 deaths
1880 births
Musicians from County Leitrim
Irish emigrants to the United States
People from Drumshanbo
20th-century Irish flautists
20th-century Irish male musicians |
```java
/**
* <p>
* <p>
* path_to_url
* <p>
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package com.justwayward.reader.wifitransfer;
import android.util.Log;
import com.justwayward.reader.api.BookApi;
import com.justwayward.reader.bean.BookMixAToc;
import com.justwayward.reader.bean.ChapterRead;
import com.justwayward.reader.manager.CacheManager;
import com.justwayward.reader.utils.FileUtils;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import java.util.TimeZone;
import nl.siegmann.epublib.domain.Book;
import rx.Observer;
public abstract class NanoHTTPD {
/*
* Pseudo-Parameter to use to store the actual query string in the
* parameters map for later re-processing.
*/
public static final String QUERY_STRING_PARAMETER = "NanoHttpd.QUERY_STRING";
/**
* Common mime types for dynamic content
*/
public static final String MIME_PLAINTEXT = "text/plain";
public static final String MIME_HTML = "text/html";
public static final String MIME_DEFAULT_BINARY = "application/octet-stream";
private final String hostname;
private final int myPort;
private ServerSocket myServerSocket;
private Thread myThread;
private TempFileManagerFactory tempFileManagerFactory;
private AsyncRunner asyncRunner;
/**
* Constructs an HTTP server on given port.
*/
public NanoHTTPD(int port) {
this(null, port);
}
public NanoHTTPD(String hostname, int port) {
this.hostname = hostname;
this.myPort = port;
this.tempFileManagerFactory = new DefaultTempFileManagerFactory();
this.asyncRunner = new DefaultAsyncRunner();
}
/**
* Starts the server
* <p/>
* Throws an IOException if the socket is already in use
*/
public void start() throws IOException {
Log.i("NanoHTTPD", "server start");
myServerSocket = new ServerSocket();
myServerSocket.bind((hostname != null) ? new InetSocketAddress(
hostname, myPort) : new InetSocketAddress(myPort));
myThread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
do {
try {
final Socket finalAccept = myServerSocket.accept();
Log.i("NanoHTTPD",
"accept request from "
+ finalAccept.getInetAddress());
InputStream inputStream = finalAccept.getInputStream();
OutputStream outputStream = finalAccept
.getOutputStream();
TempFileManager tempFileManager = tempFileManagerFactory
.create();
final HTTPSession session = new HTTPSession(
tempFileManager, inputStream, outputStream);
asyncRunner.exec(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
session.run();
if (finalAccept != null) {
try {
finalAccept.close();
} catch (IOException ignored) {
}
}
}
});
} catch (IOException e) {
}
} while (!myServerSocket.isClosed());
}
});
myThread.setDaemon(true);
myThread.setName("NanoHttpd Main Listener");
myThread.start();
}
/**
* Stops the server.
*/
public void stop() {
Log.i("NanoHTTPD", "server stop");
try {
myServerSocket.close();
myThread.join();
} catch (IOException ioe) {
ioe.printStackTrace();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void setTempFileManagerFactory(
TempFileManagerFactory tempFileManagerFactory) {
this.tempFileManagerFactory = tempFileManagerFactory;
}
public void setAsyncRunner(AsyncRunner asyncRunner) {
this.asyncRunner = asyncRunner;
}
/**
* Override this to customize the server.
* <p/>
* <p/>
* (By default, this delegates to serveFile() and allows directory listing.)
*
* @param uri Percent-decoded URI without parameters, for example
* "/index.cgi"
* @param method "GET", "POST" etc.
* @param parms Parsed, percent decoded parameters from URI and, in case of
* POST, data.
* @param header Header entries, percent decoded
* @return HTTP response, see class Response for details
*/
public abstract Response serve(String uri, Method method,
Map<String, String> header, Map<String, String> parms,
Map<String, String> files);
/**
* Decodes the percent encoding scheme. <br/>
* For example: "an+example%20string" -> "an example string"
*/
protected String decodePercent(String str) throws InterruptedException {
try {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
char c = str.charAt(i);
switch (c) {
case '+':
sb.append(' ');
break;
case '%':
sb.append((char) Integer.parseInt(
str.substring(i + 1, i + 3), 16));
i += 2;
break;
default:
sb.append(c);
break;
}
}
return sb.toString();
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new InterruptedException();
}
}
protected Map<String, List<String>> decodeParameters(
Map<String, String> parms) {
return this.decodeParameters(parms.get(QUERY_STRING_PARAMETER));
}
protected Map<String, List<String>> decodeParameters(String queryString) {
Map<String, List<String>> parms = new HashMap<String, List<String>>();
if (queryString != null) {
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(queryString, "&");
while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
String e = st.nextToken();
int sep = e.indexOf('=');
try {
String propertyName = (sep >= 0) ? decodePercent(
e.substring(0, sep)).trim() : decodePercent(e)
.trim();
if (!parms.containsKey(propertyName)) {
parms.put(propertyName, new ArrayList<String>());
}
String propertyValue = (sep >= 0) ? decodePercent(e
.substring(sep + 1)) : null;
if (propertyValue != null) {
parms.get(propertyName).add(propertyValue);
}
} catch (InterruptedException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return parms;
}
public enum Method {
GET, PUT, POST, DELETE;
static Method lookup(String method) {
for (Method m : Method.values()) {
if (m.toString().equalsIgnoreCase(method)) {
return m;
}
}
return null;
}
}
public interface AsyncRunner {
void exec(Runnable code);
}
public interface TempFileManagerFactory {
TempFileManager create();
}
public interface TempFileManager {
TempFile createTempFile() throws Exception;
void clear();
}
public interface TempFile {
OutputStream open() throws Exception;
void delete() throws Exception;
String getName();
}
/**
* HTTP response. Return one of these from serve().
*/
public static class Response {
private String bookId;
private BookMixAToc.mixToc bookMix;
private BookApi bookApi;
/**
* HTTP status code after processing, e.g. "200 OK", HTTP_OK
*/
public Status status;
/**
* MIME type of content, e.g. "text/html"
*/
public String mimeType;
/**
* Data of the response, may be null.
*/
public InputStream data;
/**
* Headers for the HTTP response. Use addHeader() to add lines.
*/
public Map<String, String> header = new HashMap<String, String>();
/**
* Default constructor: response = HTTP_OK, mime = MIME_HTML and your
* supplied message
*/
public Response(String msg) {
this(Status.OK, MIME_HTML, msg);
}
/**
* start Chapters index
*/
public int start;
/**
* Basic constructor.
*/
public Response(Status status, String mimeType, InputStream data) {
this.status = status;
this.mimeType = mimeType;
this.data = data;
}
/**
* Convenience method that makes an InputStream out of given text.
*/
public Response(Status status, String mimeType, String txt) {
this.status = status;
this.mimeType = mimeType;
try {
this.data = new ByteArrayInputStream(txt.getBytes("UTF-8"));
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException uee) {
uee.printStackTrace();
}
}
public Response(Status status, String mimeType, String bookId, BookMixAToc.mixToc bookMix, BookApi bookApi, int start) {
this.status = status;
this.mimeType = mimeType;
this.bookId = bookId;
this.bookMix = bookMix;
this.bookApi = bookApi;
this.start = start;
}
public static void error(OutputStream outputStream, Status error,
String message) {
new Response(error, MIME_PLAINTEXT, message).send(outputStream);
}
/**
* Adds given line to the header.
*/
public void addHeader(String name, String value) {
header.put(name, value);
}
/**
* Sends given response to the socket.
*/
private void send(OutputStream outputStream) {
String mime = mimeType;
SimpleDateFormat gmtFrmt = new SimpleDateFormat(
"E, d MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss 'GMT'", Locale.US);
gmtFrmt.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT"));
try {
if (status == null) {
throw new Error("sendResponse(): Status can't be null.");
}
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(outputStream);
pw.print("HTTP/1.0 " + status.getDescription() + " \r\n");
if (mime != null) {
pw.print("Content-Type: " + mime + "\r\n");
}
if (header == null || header.get("Date") == null) {
pw.print("Date: " + gmtFrmt.format(new Date()) + "\r\n");
}
if (header != null) {
for (String key : header.keySet()) {
String value = header.get(key);
pw.print(key + ": " + value + "\r\n");
}
}
pw.print("\r\n");
pw.flush();
sendInputData(outputStream, data);
//
witBook(pw, outputStream);
outputStream.flush();
outputStream.close();
if (data != null)
data.close();
} catch (IOException ioe) {
// Couldn't write? No can do.
ioe.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void witBook(final PrintWriter pw, OutputStream outputStream) {
if (this.bookMix == null) {
return;
}
final List<BookMixAToc.mixToc.Chapters> list = this.bookMix.chapters;
for (int i = start; i < list.size(); i++) {
final BookMixAToc.mixToc.Chapters character = list.get(i);
final String title = character.title;
File fileIndex = CacheManager.getInstance().getChapterFile(this.bookId, i + 1);
if (fileIndex != null) {
FileInputStream fis = null;
try {
fis = new FileInputStream(fileIndex);
pw.print("\r\n");
pw.print(title);
pw.print("\r\n");
pw.flush();
sendInputData(outputStream, fis);
outputStream.flush();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (fis != null) {
try {
fis.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
} else {
// 350ms
try {
Thread.sleep(350);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Log.i("tag_", "onload: " + character.link);
//
final int finalI = i;
bookApi.getChapterRead(character.link).subscribe(new Observer<ChapterRead>() {
@Override
public void onCompleted() {
// call(integer, observer);
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
}
@Override
public void onNext(ChapterRead chapterRead) {
Log.i("tag_", "onload end: chapterRead -> " + title);
pw.print("\r\n");
pw.print(title);
pw.print("\r\n");
pw.print(chapterRead.chapter.body);
pw.flush();
//
CacheManager.getInstance().saveChapterFile(Response.this.bookId, finalI, chapterRead.chapter);
}
});
}
}
}
// public String getTitle(File file ,int i ,BookMixAToc.mixToc mixToc){
// if(mixToc != null && mixToc.chapters != null && i < mixToc.chapters.size() ){
// return mixToc.chapters.get(i).title;
// }else{
// return "" + FileUtils.getFileNameNotType(file) + "";
// }
//
// }
private void sendInputData(OutputStream outputStream, InputStream data) throws IOException {
if (data != null) {
int pending = data.available(); // This is to support
// partial sends, see
// serveFile()
int BUFFER_SIZE = 16 * 1024;
byte[] buff = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
while (pending > 0) {
int read = data.read(buff, 0,
((pending > BUFFER_SIZE) ? BUFFER_SIZE
: pending));
if (read <= 0) {
break;
}
outputStream.write(buff, 0, read);
pending -= read;
}
}
}
/**
* Some HTTP response status codes
*/
public enum Status {
OK(200, "OK"), CREATED(201, "Created"), NO_CONTENT(204,
"No Content"), PARTIAL_CONTENT(206, "Partial Content"), REDIRECT(
301, "Moved Permanently"), NOT_MODIFIED(304, "Not Modified"), BAD_REQUEST(
400, "Bad Request"), UNAUTHORIZED(401, "Unauthorized"), FORBIDDEN(
403, "Forbidden"), NOT_FOUND(404, "Not Found"), RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE(
416, "Requested Range Not Satisfiable"), INTERNAL_ERROR(
500, "Internal Server Error");
private int requestStatus;
private String descr;
Status(int requestStatus, String descr) {
this.requestStatus = requestStatus;
this.descr = descr;
}
public int getRequestStatus() {
return this.requestStatus;
}
public String getDescription() {
return "" + this.requestStatus + " " + descr;
}
}
}
public static class DefaultTempFile implements TempFile {
private File file;
private OutputStream fstream;
public DefaultTempFile(String tempdir) throws IOException {
file = File.createTempFile("NanoHTTPD-", "", new File(tempdir));
fstream = new FileOutputStream(file);
}
@Override
public OutputStream open() throws Exception {
return fstream;
}
@Override
public void delete() throws Exception {
file.delete();
}
@Override
public String getName() {
return file.getAbsolutePath();
}
}
/**
* Handles one session, i.e. parses the HTTP request and returns the
* response.
*/
protected class HTTPSession implements Runnable {
public static final int BUFSIZE = 8192;
private final TempFileManager tempFileManager;
private InputStream inputStream;
private OutputStream outputStream;
public HTTPSession(TempFileManager tempFileManager,
InputStream inputStream, OutputStream outputStream) {
this.tempFileManager = tempFileManager;
this.inputStream = inputStream;
this.outputStream = outputStream;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
if (inputStream == null) {
return;
}
// Read the first 8192 bytes.
// The full header should fit in here.
// Apache's default header limit is 8KB.
// Do NOT assume that a single read will get the entire header
// at once!
byte[] buf = new byte[BUFSIZE];
int splitbyte = 0;
int rlen = 0;
{
int read = inputStream.read(buf, 0, BUFSIZE);
while (read > 0) {
rlen += read;
splitbyte = findHeaderEnd(buf, rlen);
if (splitbyte > 0)
break;
read = inputStream.read(buf, rlen, BUFSIZE - rlen);
}
}
// Create a BufferedReader for parsing the header.
BufferedReader hin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
new ByteArrayInputStream(buf, 0, rlen)));
Map<String, String> pre = new HashMap<String, String>();
Map<String, String> parms = new HashMap<String, String>();
Map<String, String> header = new HashMap<String, String>();
Map<String, String> files = new HashMap<String, String>();
// Decode the header into parms and header java properties
decodeHeader(hin, pre, parms, header);
Method method = Method.lookup(pre.get("method"));
if (method == null) {
Response.error(outputStream, Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST,
"BAD REQUEST: Syntax error.");
throw new InterruptedException();
}
String uri = pre.get("uri");
long size = extractContentLength(header);
// Write the part of body already read to ByteArrayOutputStream
// f
RandomAccessFile f = getTmpBucket();
if (splitbyte < rlen) {
f.write(buf, splitbyte, rlen - splitbyte);
}
// While Firefox sends on the first read all the data fitting
// our buffer, Chrome and Opera send only the headers even if
// there is data for the body. We do some magic here to find
// out whether we have already consumed part of body, if we
// have reached the end of the data to be sent or we should
// expect the first byte of the body at the next read.
if (splitbyte < rlen) {
size -= rlen - splitbyte + 1;
} else if (splitbyte == 0 || size == 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFl) {
size = 0;
}
// Now read all the body and write it to f
buf = new byte[512];
while (rlen >= 0 && size > 0) {
rlen = inputStream.read(buf, 0, 512);
size -= rlen;
if (rlen > 0) {
f.write(buf, 0, rlen);
}
}
// Get the raw body as a byte []
ByteBuffer fbuf = f.getChannel().map(
FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, f.length());
f.seek(0);
// Create a BufferedReader for easily reading it as string.
InputStream bin = new FileInputStream(f.getFD());
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
bin));
// If the method is POST, there may be parameters
// in data section, too, read it:
if (Method.POST.equals(method)) {
String contentType = "";
String contentTypeHeader = header.get("content-type");
StringTokenizer st = null;
if (contentTypeHeader != null) {
st = new StringTokenizer(contentTypeHeader, ",; ");
if (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
contentType = st.nextToken();
}
}
if ("multipart/form-data".equalsIgnoreCase(contentType)) {
// Handle multipart/form-data
if (!st.hasMoreTokens()) {
Response.error(
outputStream,
Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST,
"BAD REQUEST: Content type is multipart/form-data but boundary missing. Usage: GET /example/file.html");
throw new InterruptedException();
}
String boundaryStartString = "boundary=";
int boundaryContentStart = contentTypeHeader
.indexOf(boundaryStartString)
+ boundaryStartString.length();
String boundary = contentTypeHeader.substring(
boundaryContentStart,
contentTypeHeader.length());
if (boundary.startsWith("\"")
&& boundary.startsWith("\"")) {
boundary = boundary.substring(1,
boundary.length() - 1);
}
decodeMultipartData(boundary, fbuf, in, parms, files);
} else {
// Handle application/x-www-form-urlencoded
String postLine = "";
char pbuf[] = new char[512];
int read = in.read(pbuf);
while (read >= 0 && !postLine.endsWith("\r\n")) {
postLine += String.valueOf(pbuf, 0, read);
read = in.read(pbuf);
}
postLine = postLine.trim();
decodeParms(postLine, parms);
}
}
if (Method.PUT.equals(method))
files.put("content", saveTmpFile(fbuf, 0, fbuf.limit()));
// Ok, now do the serve()
Response r = serve(uri, method, header, parms, files);
if (r == null) {
Response.error(outputStream,
Response.Status.INTERNAL_ERROR,
"SERVER INTERNAL ERROR: Serve() returned a null response.");
throw new InterruptedException();
} else {
r.send(outputStream);
}
in.close();
inputStream.close();
} catch (IOException ioe) {
try {
Response.error(
outputStream,
Response.Status.INTERNAL_ERROR,
"SERVER INTERNAL ERROR: IOException: "
+ ioe.getMessage());
throw new InterruptedException();
} catch (Throwable ignored) {
ignored.printStackTrace();
}
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
// Thrown by sendError, ignore and exit the thread.
ie.printStackTrace();
} finally {
tempFileManager.clear();
}
}
private long extractContentLength(Map<String, String> header) {
long size = 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFl;
String contentLength = header.get("content-length");
if (contentLength != null) {
try {
size = Integer.parseInt(contentLength);
} catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
return size;
}
/**
* Decodes the sent headers and loads the data into Key/value pairs
*/
private void decodeHeader(BufferedReader in, Map<String, String> pre,
Map<String, String> parms, Map<String, String> header)
throws InterruptedException {
try {
// Read the request line
String inLine = in.readLine();
if (inLine == null) {
return;
}
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(inLine);
if (!st.hasMoreTokens()) {
Response.error(outputStream, Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST,
"BAD REQUEST: Syntax error. Usage: GET /example/file.html");
throw new InterruptedException();
}
pre.put("method", st.nextToken());
if (!st.hasMoreTokens()) {
Response.error(outputStream, Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST,
"BAD REQUEST: Missing URI. Usage: GET /example/file.html");
throw new InterruptedException();
}
String uri = st.nextToken();
// Decode parameters from the URI
int qmi = uri.indexOf('?');
if (qmi >= 0) {
decodeParms(uri.substring(qmi + 1), parms);
uri = decodePercent(uri.substring(0, qmi));
} else {
uri = decodePercent(uri);
}
// If there's another token, it's protocol version,
// followed by HTTP headers. Ignore version but parse headers.
// NOTE: this now forces header names lowercase since they are
// case insensitive and vary by client.
if (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
String line = in.readLine();
while (line != null && line.trim().length() > 0) {
int p = line.indexOf(':');
if (p >= 0)
header.put(line.substring(0, p).trim()
.toLowerCase(), line.substring(p + 1)
.trim());
line = in.readLine();
}
}
pre.put("uri", uri);
} catch (IOException ioe) {
Response.error(
outputStream,
Response.Status.INTERNAL_ERROR,
"SERVER INTERNAL ERROR: IOException: "
+ ioe.getMessage());
throw new InterruptedException();
}
}
/**
* Decodes the Multipart Body data and put it into Key/Value pairs.
*/
private void decodeMultipartData(String boundary, ByteBuffer fbuf,
BufferedReader in, Map<String, String> parms,
Map<String, String> files) throws InterruptedException {
try {
int[] bpositions = getBoundaryPositions(fbuf,
boundary.getBytes());
int boundarycount = 1;
String mpline = in.readLine();
while (mpline != null) {
if (!mpline.contains(boundary)) {
Response.error(
outputStream,
Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST,
"BAD REQUEST: Content type is multipart/form-data but next chunk does not start with boundary. Usage: GET /example/file.html");
throw new InterruptedException();
}
boundarycount++;
Map<String, String> item = new HashMap<String, String>();
mpline = in.readLine();
while (mpline != null && mpline.trim().length() > 0) {
int p = mpline.indexOf(':');
if (p != -1) {
item.put(mpline.substring(0, p).trim()
.toLowerCase(), mpline.substring(p + 1)
.trim());
}
mpline = in.readLine();
}
if (mpline != null) {
String contentDisposition = item
.get("content-disposition");
if (contentDisposition == null) {
Response.error(
outputStream,
Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST,
"BAD REQUEST: Content type is multipart/form-data but no content-disposition info found. Usage: GET /example/file.html");
throw new InterruptedException();
}
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(contentDisposition, "; ");
Map<String, String> disposition = new HashMap<>();
while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
String token = st.nextToken();
int p = token.indexOf('=');
if (p != -1) {
disposition.put(token.substring(0, p).trim()
.toLowerCase(), token.substring(p + 1)
.trim());
}
}
String pname = disposition.get("name");
pname = pname.substring(1, pname.length() - 1);
String value = "";
if (item.get("content-type") == null) {
while (mpline != null && !mpline.contains(boundary)) {
mpline = in.readLine();
if (mpline != null) {
int d = mpline.indexOf(boundary);
if (d == -1) {
value += mpline;
} else {
value += mpline.substring(0, d - 2);
}
}
}
} else {
if (boundarycount > bpositions.length) {
Response.error(outputStream,
Response.Status.INTERNAL_ERROR,
"Error processing request");
throw new InterruptedException();
}
int offset = stripMultipartHeaders(fbuf,
bpositions[boundarycount - 2]);
String path = saveTmpFile(fbuf, offset,
bpositions[boundarycount - 1] - offset - 4);
files.put(pname, path);
value = disposition.get("filename");
value = value.substring(1, value.length() - 1);
do {
mpline = in.readLine();
} while (mpline != null
&& !mpline.contains(boundary));
}
parms.put(pname, value);
}
}
} catch (IOException ioe) {
Response.error(
outputStream,
Response.Status.INTERNAL_ERROR,
"SERVER INTERNAL ERROR: IOException: "
+ ioe.getMessage());
throw new InterruptedException();
}
}
/**
* Find byte index separating header from body. It must be the last byte
* of the first two sequential new lines.
*/
private int findHeaderEnd(final byte[] buf, int rlen) {
int splitbyte = 0;
while (splitbyte + 3 < rlen) {
if (buf[splitbyte] == '\r' && buf[splitbyte + 1] == '\n'
&& buf[splitbyte + 2] == '\r'
&& buf[splitbyte + 3] == '\n') {
return splitbyte + 4;
}
splitbyte++;
}
return 0;
}
/**
* Find the byte positions where multipart boundaries start.
*/
public int[] getBoundaryPositions(ByteBuffer b, byte[] boundary) {
int matchcount = 0;
int matchbyte = -1;
List<Integer> matchbytes = new ArrayList<Integer>();
for (int i = 0; i < b.limit(); i++) {
if (b.get(i) == boundary[matchcount]) {
if (matchcount == 0)
matchbyte = i;
matchcount++;
if (matchcount == boundary.length) {
matchbytes.add(matchbyte);
matchcount = 0;
matchbyte = -1;
}
} else {
i -= matchcount;
matchcount = 0;
matchbyte = -1;
}
}
int[] ret = new int[matchbytes.size()];
for (int i = 0; i < ret.length; i++) {
ret[i] = matchbytes.get(i);
}
return ret;
}
/**
* Retrieves the content of a sent file and saves it to a temporary
* file. The full path to the saved file is returned.
*/
private String saveTmpFile(ByteBuffer b, int offset, int len) {
String path = "";
if (len > 0) {
try {
TempFile tempFile = tempFileManager.createTempFile();
ByteBuffer src = b.duplicate();
FileChannel dest = new FileOutputStream(tempFile.getName())
.getChannel();
src.position(offset).limit(offset + len);
dest.write(src.slice());
path = tempFile.getName();
} catch (Exception e) { // Catch exception if any
System.err.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
return path;
}
private RandomAccessFile getTmpBucket() throws IOException {
try {
TempFile tempFile = tempFileManager.createTempFile();
return new RandomAccessFile(tempFile.getName(), "rw");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
return null;
}
/**
* It returns the offset separating multipart file headers from the
* file's data.
*/
private int stripMultipartHeaders(ByteBuffer b, int offset) {
int i;
for (i = offset; i < b.limit(); i++) {
if (b.get(i) == '\r' && b.get(++i) == '\n'
&& b.get(++i) == '\r' && b.get(++i) == '\n') {
break;
}
}
return i + 1;
}
/**
* Decodes parameters in percent-encoded URI-format ( e.g.
* "name=Jack%20Daniels&pass=Single%20Malt" ) and adds them to given
* Map. NOTE: this doesn't support multiple identical keys due to the
* simplicity of Map.
*/
private void decodeParms(String parms, Map<String, String> p)
throws InterruptedException {
if (parms == null) {
p.put(QUERY_STRING_PARAMETER, "");
return;
}
p.put(QUERY_STRING_PARAMETER, parms);
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(parms, "&");
try {
while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
String e = st.nextToken();
int sep = e.indexOf('=');
if (sep >= 0) {
p.put(decodePercent(e.substring(0, sep)).trim(),
decodePercent(e.substring(sep + 1)));
} else {
p.put(decodePercent(e).trim(), "");
}
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
Response.error(outputStream, Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST,
"BAD REQUEST: Bad percent-encoding.");
}
}
}
private class DefaultTempFileManagerFactory implements
TempFileManagerFactory {
@Override
public TempFileManager create() {
return new DefaultTempFileManager();
}
}
public static class DefaultTempFileManager implements TempFileManager {
private final String tmpdir;
private final List<TempFile> tempFiles;
public DefaultTempFileManager() {
tmpdir = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir");
tempFiles = new ArrayList<TempFile>();
}
@Override
public TempFile createTempFile() throws Exception {
DefaultTempFile tempFile = new DefaultTempFile(tmpdir);
tempFiles.add(tempFile);
return tempFile;
}
@Override
public void clear() {
for (TempFile file : tempFiles) {
try {
file.delete();
} catch (Exception ignored) {
}
}
tempFiles.clear();
}
}
private class DefaultAsyncRunner implements AsyncRunner {
private long requestCount;
@Override
public void exec(Runnable code) {
++requestCount;
Thread t = new Thread(code);
t.setDaemon(true);
t.setName("NanoHttpd Request Processor (#" + requestCount + ")");
t.start();
}
}
}
``` |
Fourchambault is a railway station in Fourchambault, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France. The station is located on the Moret-Lyon railway. The station is served by Intercités (long distance) and TER (local) services operated by SNCF.
Train services
The station is served by intercity and regional trains towards Cosne-sur-Loire, Nevers and Paris.
References
Railway stations in Nièvre |
Colleen Wolstenholme (born 31 May 1963 in Antigonish, Nova Scotia) is a Canadian artist. Wolstenholme is best known for her sculptures of oversized pharmaceutical drugs.
Her work is included in the collections of the National Gallery of Canada and the Art Gallery of Nova Scotia. Her public artwork Buspar Column, located near the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, is in the collection of the city of Montreal.
References
External links
1963 births
Living people
Artists from Nova Scotia
Canadian women sculptors
People from Antigonish, Nova Scotia
21st-century Canadian sculptors
21st-century Canadian women artists |
Gavar (also known as Gawar, Gouwar, Gauar, Rtchi, Kortchi, Ma-Gavar) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Cameroon in the Far North Region.
Gavar is spoken most of Gavar canton, through which the Mayo-Gawar River flows, and in Gadala in the southeast of Mokolo commune (Mayo-Tsanaga Department, Far North Region).
Notes
Biu-Mandara languages
Languages of Cameroon |
Jorge Vidal Valdez Chamorro (born 26 May 1994) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Argentine Primera División side Patronato.
Career
Club
Valdez Chamorro had youth spells with Las Lomas de Guernica and Lanús. He began his senior career with Argentine Primera División side Lanús in 2013. His professional debut came on 20 May in a goalless tie with Tigre, which was one of two games during 2012–13. In 2013–14, Valdez Chamorro scored the first two goals of his career after scoring twice in a 1–4 win over San Lorenzo on 12 April 2014. In his first four seasons with Lanús, he scored three goals in forty-two appearances in all competitions. In February 2016, Valdez Chamorro joined Primera División team Gimnasia y Esgrima on loan.
He remained with Gimnasia y Esgrima for two campaigns but made just four appearances. Valdez Chamorro returned to Lanús in June 2017, prior to joining Nueva Chicago of Primera B Nacional on loan on 6 January 2018. He made his debut for Nueva Chicago on 3 February during a win against Deportivo Riestra.
International
Oscar Garré selected Valdez Chamorro for his 2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup squad, he subsequently made his debut for the Argentina U17s on 21 June 2011 in a victory versus Jamaica.
Career statistics
.
References
External links
1994 births
Living people
Argentine men's footballers
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
People from San Vicente Partido
Argentina men's youth international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Argentine Primera División players
Primera Nacional players
Club Atlético Lanús footballers
Club de Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata footballers
Club Atlético Nueva Chicago footballers
Club Atlético Atlanta footballers
Club Guaraní players
Club Atlético Patronato footballers
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Paraguay
Expatriate men's footballers in Paraguay
Footballers from Buenos Aires Province
Argentine sportspeople of Paraguayan descent |
was a town located in Aira District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. It is located north of the city of Kagoshima. Kajiki is located on the northern part of the bay. Kagoshima Airport is to the north.
As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 23,364 and the density of 491.87 persons per km2. The total area was 47.50 km2.
On March 23, 2010, Kajiki, along with the towns of Aira (former) and Kamō (all from Aira District), was merged to create the city of Aira. Aira District will be left with one municipality.
It is accessed with the Kyūshū Expressway at Interchange 25-1 along with the Junction and access with another freeway linking to and in the east. The interchange was opened on December 13, 1973, and extended north to Mizobe-Kagoshima Airport on November 29, 1976. On March 25, 1992, a section was opened which became the East Kyūshū Expressway on December 19, 2001, when the expressway became connected.
Kajiki has elementary schools, middle schools, high schools including Kajiki High School (Kajiki Kōkō), one of the top 5 academic schools of Kagoshima. Kajiki's main station is Kajiki train station, with a view of Sakurajima. There is also a post office, parks and banks. A river runs slightly west of Kajiki. In the spring time, the park that runs along the river is a popular place for locals to enjoy Hanami (flower watching) BBQs.
Kajiki is well known, in Kagoshima prefecture and even some places outside of Kagoshima, for its Kajiki manju. Kajiki manju is rice dough filled with sweet red bean paste (anko).
Two interesting points to see in Kajiki are Ryumon Falls and a preserved section of a path Saigō Takamori and his men used to walk to Tokyo from Kagoshima. This path has been used in NHK TV programs.
Kajiki is located on a small valley and a plain. The mountains dominate the north and west.
References
External links
Aira City official website
Dissolved municipalities of Kagoshima Prefecture |
is a former Japanese football player.
Club statistics
References
External links
J. League
1985 births
Living people
Association football people from Tokushima Prefecture
Japanese men's footballers
J2 League players
Japan Football League players
Ehime FC players
Tokushima Vortis players
Kamatamare Sanuki players
Mitsubishi Mizushima FC players
Reilac Shiga FC players
Men's association football defenders |
John H. Merida (May 1879 – May 13, 1911), nicknamed "Snowball", was an American Negro league catcher and second baseman between 1907 and 1911.
A native of Spiceland, Indiana, Merida suited up for the Spiceland Academy (a local high school) until 1903. He was the only African American on the team during his tenure. He played semiprofessionally around East Central Indiana through 1906 (even catching former major leaguer Jot Goar on multiple occasions). A lone exception during this time was a stint Merida spent playing for Black baseball legend Bud Fowler's Cincinnati Black Tourists in 1905.
He made his Negro leagues debut in 1907 with the Indianapolis ABCs. He played three seasons with the ABCs. He was named captain and on-field manager for the ABCs during their 1908 season.
After a stint with the Minneapolis Keystones in 1910, Merida finished his career in 1911 with the Kansas City Royal Giants. Merida died in Kansas City, Missouri in 1911 at age 32.
References
External links
and Seamheads
1879 births
1911 deaths
Indianapolis ABCs players
Minneapolis Keystones players
20th-century African-American people
Kansas City Royal Giants players |
Harnampura is a village located in the Ludhiana West tehsil, of Ludhiana district, Punjab.
Administration
The village is administrated by a Sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per constitution of India and Panchayati raj (India).
Villages in Ludhiana West Tehsil
Air travel connectivity
The closest airport to the village is Sahnewal Airport.
External links
Villages in Ludhiana West Tehsil
References
Villages in Ludhiana West tehsil |
Chiang Ssu-chien (; 1814–1894) is the grandfather of former Republic of China President Chiang Kai-shek.
Chiang Ssu-chien was born during the Qing Dynasty in 1814 to Chiang Chi-tseng (蔣祈增). His early years were spent as a farmer and later years were spent in Xikou, Fenghua in Zhejiang Province in a village named Jinxi (錦溪村) managing the Yutai salt store as well as making and selling wine. His business became more successful later on and improved the Chiang families social status. Chiang Ssu-chien raised two children. His eldest son was named Chiang Chao-hai (蔣肇海) and the second son called Chiang Chao-tsung (蔣肇聰) who was Chiang Kai-shek's father. Chiang Ssu-chien died in 1894.
References
Businesspeople from Ningbo
Chiang Kai-shek family
1894 deaths
1814 births
Qing dynasty people
19th-century Chinese businesspeople |
Tomáš Bureš (born 27 September 1978, in Prostějov) is a Czech former football goalkeeper.
Career
Bureš started his career with LeRK Prostějov.
References
External links
Guardian Football
1978 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Prostějov
Footballers from the Olomouc Region
Czech men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Czech First League players
SK Sigma Olomouc players
1. FK Drnovice players
FC Zbrojovka Brno players
1. SK Prostějov players |
```shell
Let's play the blame game
Locate a commit by its hash
Specify a range of commits using double dot syntax
Interactive staging
Interactively stage patches
``` |
Duża Wólka () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grębocice, within Polkowice County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
It lies approximately south-west of Grębocice, north-east of Polkowice, and north-west of the regional capital Wrocław.
Notable residents
Martha Remmert (1853–1941), German classical pianist, music educator, conductor and music writer
References
Villages in Polkowice County |
Jessamy (1967) is a children's book by Barbara Sleigh, author of the Carbonel series. It sheds light on English life and childhood in the First World War, through a good-natured pre-adolescent female character, presented in detail, and a realistically written time-slip narrative.
The setting
The story is about an orphaned girl called Jessamy, whose unstated age is about nine to eleven. She lives with one aunt during school term and another during school holidays. Both aunts are superficially affectionate, but neither pays heed to her as a person. The book begins with her arrival unaccompanied by train, to find that her "holiday" aunt's uncongenial children have caught whooping cough. Jessamy has to be farmed out for the summer to Miss Brindle, the childless caretaker of an empty Victorian mansion: Posset Place.
Jessamy is taken aback by the old Miss Brindle, who in turn is wary of children: "I daresay you won't mind being treated like a grown-up person. I don't know any other way," she is told (p. 14). Once Jessamy has reassured her – "I'll try not to be a menace" (p. 13) – she is allowed to explore the house and comes across a schoolroom. She opens a large empty cupboard and sees three sets of old pencil marks on the door showing the heights of four children, one of them, appearing only in the first set, named Jessamy, like her. She is exhausted that night and goes to bed, only to be woken by moonlight shining through her window. She puts on a dressing gown and steals back to the schoolroom with an electric torch. "Her bare feet seemed to take charge of her, almost as if they knew the way themselves" (p. 25).
This time she finds clothes hanging in the cupboard and only the first set of pencil marks on the door. Beside them is a date: "July 23rd, 1914" (p. 25), precisely 52 years before, and two weeks before Britain declares war on Germany. A drip of hot wax on her hand signals that her torch has turned itself into a candle.
The time slip
Sleigh takes great care with the join between the two narratives.
Jessamy herself is puzzled: "'This is a dream, it must be!' she said. 'I'm sound asleep in the camp bed really.'" (p. 26) Jessamy had been reading Francis Hodgson Burnett's The Secret Garden (1911) on the train (p. 7), and there is something secret about the way the holiday aunt and Jessamy step from a modern street into the walled garden round a house that Jessamy feels looks "half like a church, and half like a castle with those battlements and stained glass windows and things". (p. 14)
Back in time, Jessamy finds she fell from a tree the previous day and should be recovering in bed from concussion. She is thought to have suffered some memory loss, which happily accounts for some of her uneasy questions. She is discovered by a parlour maid, Matchett, who is up and in street clothes suspiciously late, and asks crossly what she was doing in the cupboard, "'I don't quite remember,' Jessamy heard herself say slowly. 'I think I was looking for something.'" (p. 28)
Readers are also helped over the time slip by the dazzling improvement it brings in Jessamy's life. In the present, she is a brave, well-meaning and intelligent enough girl, but isolated and deprived of love and companionship, not to mention adventure, and wishing she could go to boarding school. In her 1914 state, most of those deficiencies are met. She finds an aunt, the cook-housekeeper Mrs Rumbold, who loves her dearly, takes her in hand and gives her things to do. She gains a true companion in the younger boy Kitto and an untrue one in his ill-disposed sister Fanny. Most of all, she can bridge two societies: below stairs with the staff, and above stairs in the schoolroom with the children of the family, who are orphaned like herself, and being raised by an older sister and a rich grandfather, who owns a pharmaceutical factory (hence Posset Place for the house).
The duality in the story continues, with Jessamy turning over in her present-day mind what is happening to her in a different life: "Quite suddenly Jessamy realised that she was very hungry. The faint rumble of her inside was reassuring. It belonged to the Jessamy of both worlds." (p. 37)
The theft
Against this new-found love, companionship, and contentment, Sleigh sets about outlining Jessamy's new worth. The grandfather Mr Parkinson, owner of Posset Place, takes Jessamy, his grandson Kitto and the groom William Stubbins to an auction, where he buys a medieval book of hours for the large sum of £300. The eldest boy Harry, everybody's favourite, then returns from Oxford, set upon joining the army instead of completing his final year, and burdened by debts. After a dreadful row and Harry's departure in the night, the book of hours is found to be missing. Mr Parkinson assumes Harry has stolen it, but Jessamy, Kitto and others are appalled by the charge. Not so, apparently, the parlour maid Matchett or her lover, William the groom.
Trust is a recurrent theme in the book. On arrival in the earlier Posset Place, Jessamy promises Matchett, who is up late at night, not to betray her love affair. Soon after, Fanny grudgingly thanks her for not revealing that her fall from the mulberry tree came about because Fanny pushed her. Now she sets about helping Fanny again, for Fanny has borrowed her elder sister's mother-of-pearl penknife without asking, and left it in the tree house at the time of Jessamy's fall. Disobeying Mr Parkinson's orders to the children never to climb the tree again, Jessamy goes up to retrieve the knife, but is caught in the act. Again there is a row, and it looks as if Jessamy's escapade may cost Mrs Rumbold her job on the domestic staff. But Jessamy manages to slip the penknife to Kitto, and the danger to Mrs Rumbold passes when Fanny comes clean about why Jessamy has been up the forbidden tree. Returning to the schoolroom later, Jessamy goes to the cupboard to see if Fanny's hat is there and she has returned from a walk. The door of the cupboard shuts behind Jessamy and she finds herself back in the present, again wearing her dressing gown and holding not a candle, but her torch.
The aftermath
Back in the present, Jessamy has a second fall when the paper boy, Billy, opens the gate suddenly and knocks her over. But some of the improvement Jessamy has found in her 1914 life is matched in the present. She befriends Billy and tells him her story, as if she were just making it up. She becomes fond of Miss Brindle, the caretaker, and helps her in the house. She enjoys a seaside holiday with her aunt, despite the petulance of her cousins. But examining the second set of dated marks in the cupboard, from 1915, convinces Jessamy that if she is ever to get back to the other Posset Place, it will have to be on August 14. She succeeds, picks up the strands, and becomes skilled at soothing Billy, the baby boy of Matchett, by then Mrs Stubbins with a husband away in the army. One day Jessamy and Kitto take along the baby in his pram when they go to deliver some magazines to a military hospital. There in a ward Jessamy finds Harry, lying in bed with his arm amputated.
It is soon clear to Jessamy and Kitto that Harry does not even know the theft of the book of hours has occurred. They engineer a reconciliation between him and his grandfather, but the book remains unfound. The children's suspicions fall on the Stubbinses. Jessamy corners Mrs Stubbins into admitting, under a vow of secrecy, that her husband stole it, but she does not know where he hid it, and he is away at the war. The note he has written giving its whereabouts is with his will, in an envelope which Mrs Stubbins has promised not to open unless her husband should be killed. Jessamy, however, finds the envelope tucked down the side of the pram, opens it and takes out the note. She is seen doing so by Mrs Stubbins, who chases her, so that she is unable to read it. She manages to crumple the note and tuck it into the mouth of a tiger hearth rug in the drawing room, but Mrs Stubbins chases her up to the schoolroom, where Jessamy hides in the cupboard – and promptly returned to the present.
Back in the present a second time, it emerges that the paper boy Billy is the grandson of Stubbins the groom, who after all died in the war. Furthermore, it emerges from remarks made by her holiday aunt that Jessamy's forebear, whose name was Jessamy too, lived as a child at Posset Place with an aunt who was on the staff. There is one more set of marks in the cupboard, dated September 10, 1916, but Jessamy, to her sorrow, fails to slip back in time on that day. Later, Billy and Jessamy fix a swing to an old bough of the mulberry tree, which breaks off, revealing the book of hours hidden in a crack, just where the tree house used to be. It is damp and discoloured, but Miss Brindle shows it to the house agent, who shows it to the present owner of Posset Place. He is delighted to have it, for when the present-day Jessamy visits him at his request, he turns out to be the now aged Kitto. Dramatic irony appears. "'You must forgive me, my dear,' he said, 'I'm afraid I may have been talking nonsense.... I almost thought I was talking to the other Jessamy, the one I used to know. You were so like her in the half dark.'" (p. 157) Not long after, Kitto writes to Jessamy offering to pay for her to go to boarding school, as she so much wants to do. (p. 159)
Reception
Kirkus Reviews considered the story to be "tellingly told", noting that it had "so much of the intrigue and fantasy that a young girl loves to daydream over."
Jessamy appeared simultaneously in 1967 in the UK (London: Collins) and the United States (Indianapolis: Bobbs Merrill). The novel was translated into Swedish under the same title in 1968, by Stina Hergin, younger sister of the children's author Astrid Lindgren. A German translation entitled Der Spuk im alten Schrank (The spook – or mischief – in the old cupboard), by Marie-Louise Dumont and illustrated by Sita Jucker, also appeared in 1968.
See also
Barbara Sleigh
Carbonel series
Carbonel: The King of the Cats
No One Must Know
The Snowball
References
External links
Jessamy is available to borrow online at the Open Library
British children's novels
1967 British novels
1967 science fiction novels
Novels about time travel
Children's fantasy novels
Novels about orphans
Novels set during World War I
1967 children's books
Novels by Barbara Sleigh
William Collins, Sons books
Children's books about time travel
Children's books set during World War I
Children's books set in England |
The Palladian villas of the Veneto are villas designed by Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio, all of whose buildings were erected in the Veneto, the mainland region of north-eastern Italy then under the political control of the Venetian Republic. Most villas are listed by UNESCO as part of a World Heritage Site named City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto.
The term villa was used to describe a country house. Often rich families in the Veneto also had a house in town called palazzo. In most cases the owners named their palazzi and ville with the family surname, hence there is both a Palazzo Chiericati in Vicenza and a Villa Chiericati in the countryside, similarly there is a Ca' Foscari in Venice and a Villa Foscari in the countryside. Somewhat confusingly, there are multiple Villa Pisani, including two by Palladio.
UNESCO inscribed the site on the World Heritage List in 1994. At first the site was called "Vicenza, City of Palladio" and only buildings in the immediate area of Vicenza were included. Various types of buildings were represented in the original site, which included the Teatro Olimpico, some palazzi and a few villas. Because most of Palladio's surviving villas lay outside the site, in 1996 the site was expanded, hence the newer name "City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto". This name reflects the fact that it includes villas designed by Palladio throughout the Veneto.
Villa architecture
By 1550, Palladio had produced a group of villas, whose scale and decoration can be seen as closely matching the wealth and social standing of the owners: the powerful and very rich Pisani family, bankers and Venetian patricians, had huge vaults and a loggia façade realised with stone piers and rusticated Doric pilasters; in his villa at Bertesina, the (briefly) wealthy minor noble and salt-tax farmer Taddeo Gazzotti had pilasters executed in brick, though the capitals and bases were carved in stone; Biagio Saraceno at Villa Saraceno had a loggia with three arched bays, but without any architectural order. In the Villa Saraceno as in the Villa Pojana, Palladio gave presence and dignity to an exterior simply by the placing and orchestration of windows, pediments, and loggia arcades. His less wealthy patrons must have appreciated the possibility of being able to enjoy impressive buildings without having to spend much on stone and stone carving.
Palladio's reputation initially, and after his death, has been founded on his skill as a designer of villas. Considerable damage had been done to houses, barns, and rural infrastructures during the War of the League of Cambrai (1509–1517). Recovery of former levels of prosperity in the countryside was probably slow, and it was only in the 1540s, with the growth of the urban market for foodstuffs and determination at government level to free Venice and the Veneto from dependence on imported grain, above all grain coming from the always threatening Ottoman Empire, that a massive investment in agriculture and the structures necessary for agricultural production gathers pace. Landowners for decades had been steadily under stable Venetian rule, been buying up small holdings, and consolidating their estates not only by purchase, but by swaps of substantial properties with the other landowners. Investment in irrigation and land reclamation through drainage further increased the income of wealthy landowners.
Palladio's villas (that is, the houses of estate owners) met a need for a new type of country residence. His designs implicitly recognise that it was not necessary to have a great palace in the countryside, modeled directly on city palaces, as many late fifteenth-century villas (like the huge Palazzo Porto Colleoni Thiene, also called a "Villa") in fact are. Something smaller, often with only one main living floor was adequate as a centre for controlling the productive activity from which much of the owner's income probably derived and for impressing tenants and neighbours as well as entertaining important guests.
These residences, though sometimes smaller than earlier villas, were just as effective for establishing a social and political presence in the countryside, and for relaxing, hunting, and getting away from the city, which was always potentially unhealthy. Façades, dominated by pediments usually decorated with the owner's coat of arms, advertised a powerful presence across a largely flat territory, and to be seen did not need to be as high as the owner's city palace. Their loggie offered a pleasant place to eat, or talk, or perform music in the shade, activities which one can see celebrated in villa decoration, for instance in the Villa Caldogno. In their interior, Palladio distributed functions both vertically and horizontally. Kitchens, store-rooms, laundries and cellars were in the low ground floor; the ample space under the roof was used to store the most valuable product of the estate, grain, which incidentally also served to insulate the living rooms below. On the main living floor, used by family and their guests, the more public rooms (loggia, sala) were on the central axis, while left and right were symmetrical suites of rooms, going from large rectangular chambers, via square middling sized rooms, to small rectangular ones, sometimes used by the owner as studies or offices for administering the estate.
The owner's house was often not the only building for which Palladio was responsible. Villas, despite their unfortified appearance and their open loggie were still direct descendants of castles, and were surrounded by a walled enclosure, which gave them some necessary protection from bandits and marauders. The enclosure (cortivo) contained barns, dovecote towers, bread ovens, chicken sheds, stables, accommodation for factors and domestic servants, places to make cheese, press grapes, etc.
Already in the 15th century it was usual to create a court with a well in front of the house, separated from the farmyard with its barns, animals, and threshing-floor. Gardens, vegetable and herb gardens, fish ponds, and almost invariably a large orchard (brolo) all were clustered around, or located inside the main courtyard.
Palladio in his designs sought to co-ordinate all these varied elements, which in earlier complexes had usually found their place not on the basis of considerations of symmetry, vista, and architectural hierarchy, but of the shape of the available area, usually defined by roads and water courses. Orientation was also important: Palladio states in I quattro libri dell'architettura that barns should face south so as to keep the hay dry, thus preventing it from fermenting and burning.
Palladio found inspiration in large antique complexes which either resembled country houses surrounded by their outbuildings or which he actually considered residential layouts – an example is the temple of Hercules Victor at Tivoli, which he had surveyed. It is clear, for instance, that the curving barns which flank the majestic façade of the Villa Badoer were suggested by what was visible of the Forum of Augustus. In his book, Palladio usually shows villa layouts as symmetrical: he would have known however that often, unless the barns to the left and right of the house faced south, as at the Villa Barbaro at Maser, the complex would not have been built symmetrically. An example is the Villa Pojana, where the large barn, with fine Doric capitals, was certainly designed by Palladio. It faces south, and is not balanced by a similar element on the other side of the house.
List
The World Heritage site includes the following villas:
Others
Other villas designed by Palladio but actually not included in the World Heritage list:
In the Quattro libri (1570), Palladio published other projects of villas, but unrealized. Among them Villa Mocenigo a Marocco (now in Mogliano Veneto) and Villa Mocenigo alla Brenta.
See also
Palladian architecture
References
External links
Palladio Museum
Architectural Reference drawings of The Villas of Palladio
Villas in Veneto
Tourist attractions in Veneto
World Heritage Sites in Italy
it:Ville palladiane |
Aleksandar or Saša Petrović may refer to:
Basketball
Aleksandar Petrović (basketball, born February 1959), Croatian professional basketball coach and former player
Aleksandar Petrović (basketball, born October 1959) (1959–2014), Serbian professional basketball coach
Aleksandar Petrović (basketball, born 1972), Macedonian professional basketball coach
Aleksandar Petrović (basketball, born 1987), Serbian professional basketball player
Football
Aleksandar Petrović (footballer, born 1914) (1914–1987), former Serbian football player and manager
Aleksandar Petrović (footballer, born 1983), Serbian professional football for Concordia Chiajna in Romanian Liga I
Aleksandar Petrović (footballer, born 1985), Serbian footballer for Serbian SuperLiga club FK Rad Belgrade
Aleksandar R. Petrović (born 1985), Serbian footballer in Serbian SuperLiga club FK Metalac Gornji Milanovac
Saša Petrović (footballer) (born 1966), Montenegrin football manager and former goalkeeper
Other
Aleksandar Petrović (film director) (1929–1994), Serbian film director
Aleksandar Petrović (musician), a member of the Orthodox Celts
Aleksandar Petrović (priest) (1917–1944), Serbian Righteous Among the Nations
Saša Petrović (actor) (1962–2023), Bosnian actor
Alex Petrovic (born 1992), Canadian ice-hockey player
See also
Aleksandro Petrović (born 1988), Bosnian/German footballer |
Stephen Schlossberg (May 18, 1921 – December 10, 2011) was a union organizer who later became General Counsel of the United Auto Workers and served as Undersecretary for Labor-Management Relations under Secretary of Labor Bill Brock during the Reagan administration.
Background
Stephen Isaac Schlossberg was born on May 18, 1921, in Roanoke, Virginia. His father was a Jewish emigrant from Russia. He graduated from high school in 1938. He started college at the University of Virginia, but dropped out to enlist in the U.S. Army the day after the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941. After World War II and a stint working in his family's retail business, he became an organizer for the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union. He went back to college after four years' organizing work and got his undergraduate degree from Virginia in 1955, followed by a law degree in 1957.
After working in a labor law firm in Washington, D.C., he went to work for the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service in 1961, and spent much time on the labor dispute that became the 1962–63 New York City newspaper strike.
He joined the United Auto Workers as counsel in 1963, and served as General Counsel until 1982, working under UAW Presidents Walter Reuther, Leonard Woodcock, and Douglas A. Fraser. By the early 1970s, he was also put in charge of the UAW's Washington office.
When named Undersecretary for Labor-Management Relations in 1985, he drew criticism from conservatives because of his union ties, although Secretary of Labor Brock saw Schlossberg as a good candidate for communicating with labor. His liberal/labor background was not hidden, however, as he hung photos for Woody Guthrie, Joe Hill, and George Meany in his office. In 1987, he left to become the Washington director of the United Nations' International Labour Organization.
Schlossberg died of congestive heart failure at his home in Sarasota, Florida on December 10, 2011.
Personal
In June 1963, he married Nancy Kamin, with whom he had two children, a son and a daughter.
References
People from Roanoke, Virginia
1921 births
2011 deaths
United Auto Workers people
University of Virginia School of Law alumni
University of Virginia alumni |
Tweedieia is a genus of crabs in the family Xanthidae, containing the following species:
Tweedieia brevidactyla Dai & Yang, 1998
Tweedieia laysani (Rathbun, 1906)
Tweedieia odhneri (Gordon, 1934)
References
Xanthoidea |
```css
Change the style of the decoration with `text-decoration-style`
A great font resource: Google Font API
Underline feature on HTML elements
`letter-spacing` property
Page breaks for printing
``` |
Cornelius Schwehr (born 23 December 1953) in Freiburg im Breisgau is a German composer.
Career
From 1971 to 1975 he took composition lessons with Walter Heck in Freiburg. This was followed by studies from 1975 to 1981 in music theory with Peter Förtig, composition with Klaus Huber and guitar at the Hochschule für Musik Freiburg. From 1981 to 1983 he studied composition with Helmut Lachenmann at the State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart. From 1981 to 1995 he was a lecturer in Freiburg, Karlsruhe and at the Zurich University of the Arts. He was a scholarship holder of the Heinrich Strobel Foundation and the . Since 1995, he has been a professor of composition, music theory, and the writing of films scores at the Freiburg Musikhochschule. Over his career, he has composed many musical works for different settings and instruments.
On behalf of ZDF/ARTE, he composed a new film score for the silent film Der müde Tod by Fritz Lang, which premiered in 2016 and was broadcast on ARTE.
Since 2009 he has been a member of the Academy of Arts, Berlin.
Awards
FilmArtFestival Mecklenburg-Pomerania: Best music and sound design for Age of Cannibals.
References
External links
Website von Cornelius Schwehr
The Cabinet Of Dr Caligari (1920) [Cornelius Schwehr chamber acoustic score (YouTube
1953 births
Living people
20th-century classical composers
German composers
German opera composers
German film score composers
Academic staff of the Zurich University of the Arts
Academic staff of the Hochschule für Musik Freiburg
Members of the Academy of Arts, Berlin |
Professor Lynda (Lyn) Dent Beazley (born 1944) is a neuroscientist and educator based in Perth, Western Australia. She is currently an Honorary Distinguished Fellow at the Institute of Advanced Studies at the University of Western Australia, and the Sir Walter Murdoch Distinguished Professor of Science at Murdoch University.
Among other awards, she has been named an Officer of the Order of Australia for her contributions to medical science a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering and Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science.
Education
Beazley studied zoology at the University of Oxford before completing a PhD at the University of Edinburgh on the development of vision and its recovery after injury.
Career
She set up her research group as a National Health and Medical Research Council research fellow at the University of Western Australia in 1976, which she held until 1994 when she was appointed professor. Research stemming from a collaboration with Professor John Newnham led to changes in clinical practice around administration of corticosteroids to women at risk of pre-term delivery with prematurely mature fetal lungs, improving respiratory function in pre-term infants.
Beazley was Western Australia's Chief Scientist from 2006 to 2013, advising the State Government on science, innovation, and technology. Her work included setting up a nationwide hotline for laboratory technicians in schools, working for healthier waterways across the state by establishing Dolphin Watch, and she was successful in securing Western Australia as the host of the low frequency part of the telescope of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA-low) at the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory in Western Australia. She was a Mission Leader for the Australia Israel Chamber of Commerce (WA) mission to Israel in 2008.
Beazley is also known as an educator and education advocate, spanning lecturing at university level, and working to encourage school child engagement in science, and is a Fellow of the Australian College of Educators.
Beazley is a current or former board member of the Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, the Western Australian Art Gallery Foundation, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, and the Ear Sciences Institute of Australia. She is a patron of the Reflections Through Reality Foundation, the Western Australian Naturalists' Club, and Vice-Patron of the Western Australia Royal Society. She is a current or former Advisory Board member for Monash Vision Group for Bionic Vision, and the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function. Beazley is also a member of the Technology and Industry Advisory Council of the Western Australian Government. She was a Trustee of the Western Australian Museum from 1999 to 2006. She helped establish the Brightwater Lyn Beazley Scholarship for research into acquired brain injury rehabilitation.
Recognition and awards
In 2009, a new species of sponge discovered in the Perth Canyon off Rottnest Island was named Manihinea lynbeazleyae after Beazley.
2009 Awarded Officer of the Order of Australia for her services to medical science
2009 Fellow of Australian Academy of Technology & Engineering
2011 Western Australian Women's Hall of Fame
2012 Governor's Award for Giving
2013 Inducted into WA Science Hall of Fame
2015 WA Australian of the Year
2015 RiAus Honorary Bragg Membership
2014 Paul Harris Fellow of Rotary International
2018 Honorary Doctor of Science ANU
2019 Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science
References
1944 births
Living people
Australian neuroscientists
Australian women neuroscientists
Officers of the Order of Australia
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science |
SM U-42 was a submarine ordered for construction by the Imperial German Navy. The vessel was designed by the naval engineer Cesare Laurenti, and laid down on 18 August 1913 in Italy at Società FIAT-San Giorgio, Muggiano, La Spezia. It served as the basis for the design of the s. The vessel was confiscated by the Italian government after entering the World War I. The vessel was renamed Balilla and served with the Royal Italian Navy (Regia Marina) until sunk in a battle on 14 July 1916 with two torpedo boats.
Construction and career
Ordered by the Imperial German Navy as the U-42, the submarine was confiscated by the Italian government on 8 August 1915 after entering war with Austria-Hungary during World War I. The submarine was then completed and Commissioned as Balilla by the Regia Marina. After completion of trials, the Balilla was added to the 4th Squadriglia at Brindisi in February 1916, where it was tasked with guarding the coast against enemy forces as well as short-range ambush missions against enemy vessels. On 14 July 1916 she was attacked by two s, the Hydra and Skorpion. After a lengthy surface battle, Balilla was sunk by gunfire with all hands lost.
References
World War I submarines of Italy
World War I submarines of Germany
1915 ships
World War I shipwrecks in the Adriatic Sea
Ships built in La Spezia |
Columbia Elementary School District, located in Redding, California, is a school district on Redding's far east side. It is home to one elementary school and one middle school.
Administrative Team
Clayton Ross is the superintendent and also the principal of the elementary school. Ross has been the superintendent since January 2011 and the principal since January 2007.
The middle school principalship is currently Shannon Angstadt.
Columbia Elementary School
Mountain View Middle School
References
External links
Redding, California
School districts in Shasta County, California |
Lucy is an English feminine given name derived from the Latin masculine given name Lucius with the meaning as of light (born at dawn or daylight, maybe also shiny, or of light complexion). Alternative spellings are Luci, Luce, Lucie, Lucia, and Luzia.
The English Lucy surname is taken from the Norman language that was Latin-based and derives from place names in Normandy based on Latin male personal name Lucius. It was transmitted to England after the Norman Conquest in the 11th century (see also De Lucy).
Feminine name variants
Luiseach (Irish)
Lusine, Լուսինե, Լուսինէ (Armenian)
Lučija, Лучија (Serbian)
Lucy, Люси (Bulgarian)
Lutsi, Луци (Macedonian)
Lutsija, Луција (Macedonian)
Liùsaidh (Scottish Gaelic)
Liucija (Lithuanian)
Liucilė (Lithuanian)
Lūcija, Lūsija (Latvian)
Lleucu (Welsh)
Llúcia (Catalan)
Loukia, Λουκία (Greek)
Luca (Hungarian)
Luce (French, Italian)
Lucetta (English)
Lucette (French)
Lúcia (Portuguese)
Lucía (Spanish)
Lucia (Danish, English, Finnish, German, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian, Slovak, Swedish)
Luciana (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish)
Lucie (French, Czech)
Luciella (Italian)
Lucienne (French)
Lucija (Croatian, Slovene)
Lucila (Spanish)
Lucilla (Italian)
Lucille (English, French)
Lucinda (English, Portuguese)
Lucinde (French)
Lucita (Spanish)
Łucja (Polish)
Lucy (English)
Lucyna (Polish)
Luz (Spanish)
Luzi (German)
Luzia (German, Portuguese)
Luzie (German).
Liosibhe (Irish)
Λουκία (Greek)
People (and other primates)
Lucy (Australopithecus) (c. 3,000,000 BCE), fossil also known as AL 288-1
Lucy (chimpanzee), well-known case of a chimpanzee raised as a human
Saint Lucy (283–304), Christian saint and martyr
Lucy Morris Chaffee Alden (1836–1912), American author, educator, hymnwriter
Lucy Alexander (born 1971), English television presenter
Lucy Atkinson (1817–1893), British explorer
Lucille Ball (1911–1989), American actress and comedian remembered for her character "Lucy"
Lucy Barnes (1780–1809), American writer
Lucy Beaumont (born 1983), English comedian
Lucy Boynton (born 1994), English and American actress
Lucy Ann Brooks (1835-1926), English temperance advocate
Lucy Bronze (born 1991), English footballer
Lucy Burns (1879–1966), American suffragist and women's rights advocate
Lucy Wood Butler (1820-1895), American temperance leader
Lucy Collett (born 1989), British glamour model
Lucy DeCoutere (born 1970), actress, best known for playing "Lucy" on the Trailer Park Boys
Lucy Clementina Davies (1795–1879), British writer
Lucy Davis (born 1973), English actress
Lucy Davis (born 1992), American equestrian
Lucy Salisbury Doolittle (1832-1908), American philanthropist
Lucy Durack (born 1982), Australian actress and singer
Lucy Edwards, British disability activist and educator
Lucy Fallon (born 1995), British actress
Lucy Faust, American actress
Lucy Fisher (born 1949), American film producer
Lucy Fleming (born 1947), British actress
Lucy Nettie Fletcher (1886-1918), nurse
Lucy Flores (born 1979), American politician
Lucy Frazer (born 1972), British politician
Lucy Virginia French (1825–1881), American author
Lucy Fry (born 1992), Australian actress
Lucy Furr (born 1975), American professional wrestler
Lucy Greenish (1888 – 1976), a New Zealand architect
Lucy Gunning (born 1964), English filmmaker, installation artist, sculptor, video artist and lecturer
Lucy Hale (born 1989), American actress
Lucy M. Hall (1843–1907), American physician, writer
Lucy Hawking (born 1970), English journalist, novelist, educator, and philanthropist
Lucy Hayes (1831–1889), First Lady of the United States
Lucy Hockings, New Zealand born television presenter on BBC World News
Lucy Hooper (1816–1841), 19th-century American poet
Lucy Hamilton Hooper (1835–1893), American poet, journalist, editor, playwright
Lucy Jones (born 1955), American seismologist
Lucy Lameck (1934–1992), Tanzanian politician
Lucy Stedman Lamson (1857-1926), American business woman, educator
Lucy Larcom (1824–1893), American teacher, poet, author
Lucy de László (1870–1950), Irish musician and socialite
Lucy Lawless (born 1968), New Zealand actress and singer
Lucy Letby (born 1990), English serial killer
Lucy Liu (born 1968), American actress
Lucy A. Mallory (1846–1920), American writer, publisher, newspaper editor, spiritualist
Lucy Martin (born 1990), British professional road and track cyclist
Lucy Mecklenburgh (born 1991), English actress and entrepreneur
Lucy Montgomery (born 1975), British voice actress
Lucy Mvubelo (1920–2000), South African trade unionist
Lucy Parham (born 1966), British concert pianist
Lucy Parsons (1853–1942), American labor organizer, radical socialist and anarchist communist
Lucy Partington (1952–1974), British murder victim
Lucy Pinder (born 1983), English glamour model and actress
Lucy Porter (born 1973), English comedian and actress
Lucy Punch (born 1977), English actress
Lucy Speed (born 1976), English actress
Lucy Qinnuayuak (1915–1982), Inuit Canadian artist
Lucy Simon (1940–2022), American composer for the theatre and of popular songs
Lucy Stone (1818–1893), American activist
Lucy Hobbs Taylor (1833–1910), American dentist and teacher
Lucy Temerlin (1964–1987), a chimpanzee known for her use of American Sign Language
Lucy Torres-Gomez (b.1974), Filipino actress and politician
Lucy Turnbull (born 1958), Australian businesswoman, philanthropist, former local government politician, and former First Lady of Australia
Lucy Verasamy (b. 1980), British weather forecaster
Lucy Hall Washington (1835–1913), American poet, social reformer
Lucy Wheelock (1857–1946), American educator, writer
Lucy Worsley (born 1973), English historian
Fictional characters
Lucy, a character in the webtoon series Adventures of God
Lucy, the Girl from the British-French series 64 Zoo Lane
Lucy, a character in the film K.G.F: Chapter 1
Lucy, a character in the TV series Trailer Park Boys
Lucy, the protagonist of the film Lucy
Lucy, a character in the video game Metal Gear Acid 2
Lucy/Nyu, a character in the manga series Elfen Lied
Eponymous character in the song "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" by the Beatles, said to be based on a drawing of Lucy O'Donnell or the LSD abbreviation
Lucy and the Diamonds, antagonists in the film Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band based around the song
Lucy Carrigan, a main character in the film Across the Universe based loosely around the song
Lucy the Diamond Fairy, a character in the Rainbow Magic book franchise named after the song
Lucy Ashton, the female protagonist of the novel The Bride of Lammermoor
Lucy Barker, a character in the musical Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street
Lucy Beale, a character in the TV series EastEnders
Lucy Camden-Kinkirk, a character in the TV series 7th Heaven
Lucy Carlyle, a character in the novel series Lockwood & Co.
Lucy Coe, a character in the TV series General Hospital
Lucy Cunningham-Schultz, a character in the radio drama Adventures in Odyssey
Lucy Dennison, a character in Richie Tankersley Cusick's books series The Unseen
Lucy Emerson, a character in the film The Lost Boys
Lucy Fernandez, a character in the TV series Degrassi
Lucy Fields, a character in the TV series Grey's Anatomy
Lucy Gray, a character in the novel The Ballad of Songbirds and Snakes
Lucy Harris, a character in the musical Jekyll & Hyde
Lucy Heartfilia, the main female protagonist of the manga series Fairy Tail
Lucy Honeychurch, the protagonist of the novel A Room with a View
Lucy Knight, a character in the TV series ER
Lucy Lane, a character in the Superman comics
Lucy Loud, a character in the TV series The Loud House
Lucy Maria Misora, a character in the visual novel ToHeart2
Lucy Mills, a character in the TV series Once Upon a Time
Lucy Muir, in The Ghost and Mrs. Muir
Lucy Pevensie, a character in the novel series Chronicles of Narnia
Lucy Preston, a character in the TV series Timeless
Lucy Quinn Fabray, a character in the TV series Glee Lucy Ricardo, the star character of the TV series I Love Lucy Lucy Robinson, a character in the TV series Neighbours Lucy Romalotti, a character in the TV series The Young and the Restless Lucy Simian, a character in the animated TV series The Amazing World of Gumball Lucy Snowe, the heroine of the novel Villette Lucy Steel, a character in the manga series JoJo's Bizarre Adventure Lucy Steele, a character in the novel Sense and Sensibility Lucy Stillman, a character in the video game series Assassin's Creed Lucy Tartan, a character in the novel Pierre: or, The Ambiguities Lucy Tsukioka, a character in the manga series Ayakashi Triangle Lucy van Pelt, a character in the comic strip Peanuts Lucy Westenra, a character in the novel Dracula Lucy Whitmore, a character in the 2004 film 50 First Dates Lucy Wilde, a character in the animated films Despicable Me 2 and Despicable Me 3 Lucyna Kushinada, or Lucy, a character in the animated TV series Cyberpunk: Edgerunners Wyldstyle, or Lucy, a character in the animated film The Lego Movie''
See also
Luci
Lusi (disambiguation)
Lucie
Lucey
Lucia (disambiguation)
the star BPM 37093, nicknamed "Lucy"
Lucy the elephant, tourist attraction in Margate, New Jersey, United States
Lucy (spacecraft)
English feminine given names
Feminine given names
Latin feminine given names |
RCWP may refer to
Russian Communist Workers Party
Roman Catholic Women Priests |
István Javorek (born January 6, 1943 in eastern Europe) is a United States sports conditioning coach. Coach Javorek is the retired head strength and conditioning coach at Johnson County Community College, Kansas, United States. He supervised the strength and conditioning program for JCCC’s 18 sports and serves as a professor emeritus of fitness in the physical education department. He has been married to Julia Javorek since 1968, and they have one child, Dr. Henriette A. Javorek. He now lives in Overland Park, Kansas. He is the new strength and conditioning coach at Overland Park racquet club.
Early coaching career
In 1964, Javorek graduated from college and by 1968 was a coach at the Clujana Athletic Club in Cluj, Romania. Two of his more famous athletes were Dragomir Cioroslan (bronze medalist in Weightlifting at the 1984 Olympics) and Istvan Tasnadi (silver
medalist in weightlifting at the 1984 Olympics). It was also during this time that Javorek passed the first class coaching board examination (the highest coaching level in Romania). He presented to the coaching board his revolutionary creation, the Javorek
Complex #1 and Javorek Complex #2 (performed with dumbbells or barbells). Javorek felt that the main purpose of these exercises was to figure out an easier way to do an exercise complex, which could then change the monotony of a workout, and he hoped at the same time have a greater influence on the neuro-muscular and osteo-muscular system.
1980s
In 1982, Javorek defected to the United States and in 1984 became an all-sports strength and conditioning assistant coach at Texas A&M University. He was the Weightlifting coach of Texas A&M Weightlifting Club, but his duties were soon extended to coaching the field events and conditioning for men's and women's Track, Tennis, Basketball, Swimming, volleyball, and assistant for football.
At A&M, Javorek designed the whole conditioning program for the 1986 world fastest 200m sprinter, Floyd Heard; former 10,000m world record holder, Arturo Barrios; javelin thrower Juan de la Garza; Canadian long jump record holder, Ian James; Mexican record triple jumper, Francisco Olivares and several other top athletes. In particular, Randy Barnes, the silver medalist in the shot put at the 1988 Olympics and gold medalist in the shot put at the 1996 Olympics. In 1987, Javorek became head strength and conditioning coach at Johnson County Community College.
1990s
In December 1992, Romania awarded him with its highest coaching honor, the Emeritus Coaching Award. Many of the athletes he worked with have moved on to play professional sports, including Kit Pellow (baseball) and Kareem Rush and Wayne Simien (basketball). Sumya Anani, world champion female boxer, has been coached by Javorek for years. In Javorek’s 20-year career at JCCC, he has been a part of five national championships, 78 Region VI titles, 119 East Jayhawk Conference championships and 63 teams have finished in the top five in national championship play.
2000 and beyond
On March 23, 2002, Javorek was inducted into the Missouri Valley Weightlifting Hall of Fame, and on June 2, 2003, he earned induction into the USA Strength and Conditioning Hall of Fame
He retired in 2011 and is now Professor Emeritus at Johnson County Community College.
Education
Pedagogical Institute Of Physical Education And Sport, Cluj, Romania 1960 - 1964
Course of Study: Physical Education and Sport, Massage, and Basic Physical Therapy.
Degree: Diploma in Physical Education, certified as teacher and coach.
Fully qualified to teach the following: gymnastics, soccer, team handball, volleyball, basketball, track and field, weightlifting, Alpine and Nordic skiing and swimming.
Specialized in massage therapy, physical therapy, and in sport psychology, especially experience in the Schultz Autogenic Training Method (self-hypnosis) and in sport nutrition, emphasizing the use of natural herbs to aid the body in recovery and promotion of strength.
Part-Time continuing education and professional development. Specialized in weightlifting, strength & conditioning and track and field. Graduated in 1968 as a Third Class weightlifting and conditioning coach.
Graduated in 1971 as a Second Class weightlifting and conditioning coach.
Graduated in 1974 as a First Class weightlifting and conditioning coach, the highest coaching qualification in Romania
Additional professional experiences
Invited by South Korean Olympic Committee to train the national weightlifting team and instruct coaches Seoul, Korea October, 1983 - December 1983
United States Olympic Committee, International Exchange Program, Lima, Peru. June, 1984. He instructed national team and 24 coaches in state-of-the-art techniques for Olympic-style weightlifting and conditioning
World Junior Weightlifting Championship, Assistant coach, Fort Lauderdale, FL May 1989
USA Olympic Festival, Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina, July, 1987 Head Coach for the West Team.
USA Olympic Festival, Houston, TX July, 1986, Weightlifting coach for the South Team
Publications
“The Whoop Ass Workout” Javorek’s Bodybuilders Conditioning Muscle & Fitness December 2005 Pages 134 - 142
“Pre-season Conditioning for Volleyball: Uphill, Stairs and Sand Stairs or Shredded Rubber Boxes Training Programs” Performance Volleyball Conditioning Volume 11, Number 2 pages 3–4
Performance Volleyball Conditioning Volume 10, number 5 January 2004, page numbers 6-9
“Hill Work” Athletic Management June/July 2003, page number 58
“King of the Hill” T&C, Training & Conditioning, May/June 2003, page numbers 85 - 90
“Power Thrash II” Muscle & Fitness, May 2002, page numbers 166-221
“Power Thrash” Muscle & Fitness, August 2000, page numbers 174-187
“Big Fun” Muscle & Fitness, March 1999, page numbers 90-98
Adding Variety- A Menu of Pre-season Conditioning-” Performance Volleyball Conditioning Newsletter, Volume 6, Number 2, 1998, page numbers 6-7,10
“The Benefits of Combination Lifts” Strength And Conditioning Journal, Volume 20, Number 3, June 1998, page numbers 53-56
“Dumbbell Power” Muscle & Fitness, November 1998, pages 104-110 – contributor to Timothy C. Fritz article
“Triple Threat” by Jeff O’Connell Muscle & Fitness January 1998 pages 90– 97; an article interviewing conditioning coaches about Javorek’s Complex Exercises
“A Dumbbell Program for Post-game recovery and Strength Maintenance” Performance Conditioning For Soccer Volume 1 Number 1 page number 3, 1996
“Favorite Volleyball Specific Exercises from the Experts: Medicine Ball Squat Jump Setting” Performance Volleyball Conditioning Newsletter, Volume 1, Number 9, page number 8
“Favorite Volleyball Specific Exercises from the Experts: Medicine Ball Three Steps and Spike Imitation” Performance Volleyball Conditioning Newsletter, Volume 2, Number 1, page number 8
“Preparatory Circuit for Cycling” part 2 Performance Conditioning For Cycling Volume 3 Number 6 page numbers 1-2 8-9
“Hill Running and Jump Training” Cross Training Ideas Performance Conditioning For Cycling Volume 3 Number 4 page number 7
“Preseason Preparation for basketball” Coaching Women’s Basketball, Special Issue 1996/29 Volume.... page number....
“Combination of horizontal and vertical transfer reaction”(College Coaches’ Corner) Strength And Conditioning Journal (NSCA) Volume 19, number 4, August 1996, page number 57
“Yearly Plan of Preparation for Basketball and Volleyball Conditioning” Strength And Conditioning Journal (NSCA) Volume 17 Number 3 June 1995 page numbers 68-72
“Specificity in sports conditioning” National Strength And Conditioning (NSCA) Journal, Volume 15, Number 6, November–December 1993, page numbers 31-33
Coaching Volleyball Journal, February–March, 1993, page numbers 26-27.
“Equipment Design: Sand boxes (sand stairs) and their use in developing explosive response” National Strength And Conditioning Association (NSCA) Journal, Volume 13, Number 5, 1991 page numbers 84-87
“Year-Round Conditioning: The summer Conditioning Program.” National Strength And Conditioning Association (NSCA) Journal, Volume 14, Number 1, 1992, page numbers 26-29
“Year-Round Conditioning: The Fall Preparation Phase.” National Strength And Conditioning Association (NSCA) Journal, Volume 14, Number 2, 1992, page numbers 22-24, continued in Volume 14, Number 3, 1992, page numbers 32-38.
"Roundtable: Restoration Part II." National Strength And Conditioning Association (NSCA) Journal, December 1990 January 1991, page numbers 10-20.
"Roundtable: Restoration Part I." National Strength And Conditioning Association (NSCA) Journal, October - November 1990, page numbers 20 - 29.
"Weight-room in the hallway" National Strength And Conditioning Association (NSCA) Journal, October - November 1990, page numbers 45 - 46.
"Six Week Training Program" National Strength And Conditioning Association (NSCA) Journal, August- September 1990, page numbers 62 - 68.
"Dumbbell Power Clean" National Strength And Conditioning Association (NSCA) Journal, February - March 1990, page numbers 17 - 19.
"Steroid-free physical preparation in athletic development" National Strength And Conditioning Association (NSCA) Journal, December 1989-January 1990, page numbers 34 - 37.
"Plyometrics" National Strength And Conditioning Association Journal, April - May 1989, page numbers 52 - 57
"Weight-room Grid" National Strength And Conditioning Association (NSCA) Journal, December 1988, January 1989, page numbers 41 - 42.
"General Conditioning with Complex I and II" National Strength And Conditioning Association (NSCA) Journal, February- March 1988, page numbers 34 - 42.
"Shrugs" National Strength And Conditioning Association Journal, December 1987 - January 1988, page numbers 28 - 33.
Counterpoint”- Reply-National Strength And Conditioning Association Journal, April 1987 Volume 9 Number 2 page numbers 69-70,75
"Methods to Enhance Recovery and Avoid Over-training" National Strength And Conditioning Association Journal, June–July 1987, page numbers 43 - 47.
"Modeling Circle" National Strength And Conditioning Association Journal, August - September 1986, page numbers 32 - 35.
"Teaching of technique in the snatch and clean and jerk" National Strength And Conditioning Association (NSCA) Journal, June -July 1986, page numbers 45 - 51.
"Round Table: Power Clean" National Strength And Conditioning Association ( NSCA ) Journal, December 1984 - January 1985, page numbers 10 - 25.
"Guidelines for prepubescent and adolescent athletes in strength conditioning training", presented at the National Strength And Conditioning Association ( NSCA) Convention, Dallas, TX. 1985. Published in United States Weightlifting Federation (U.S.W.F) Weightlifting Manual 1985.
"Technique Teaching Methods" United States Weightlifting Federation (U.S.W.F) Coaching Manual 1985.
"Weightlifting Manual" United States Weightlifting Federation, 1986, 1987, 1988 contributor.
References
External links
Istvan Javorek's website
Javorek's bio at Johnson County Community College
1943 births
Living people
People from Săcueni
Johnson County Community College people |
The Boopi River is a river of Bolivia.
See also
List of rivers of Bolivia
References
Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993.
Rivers of La Paz Department (Bolivia) |
Waropen is an Austronesian language spoken at the Geelvink Bay of Indonesian Papua. It is fairly closely related to the Yapen languages.
Dialects are Waropen Kai, Napan, and Ambumi.
Phonology
Sounds can be heard as vowels when after vowel sounds.
Distribution
In Papua province, it is spoken in Mamberamo Raya Regency and Waropen Regency. The Ambumi dialect is spoken in the south Waropen Bay area. Waropen is also spoken southwest to the Rombak River mouth.
References
South Halmahera–West New Guinea languages
Languages of western New Guinea |
The Wallersdorf–Münchshofen railway was a metre gauge railway in the province of Lower Bavaria in southern Germany. It was operated from 1926 to the end of 1949 by the Wallersdorf and Country Narrow-Gauge Railway Cooperative (Kleinbahngenossenschaft Wallersdorf und Umgebung) whose head office was in Büchling. The line started from the station in the market town of Wallersdorf, in Dingolfing-Landau district, and ran to Münchshöfen in the municipality of Oberschneiding, in Straubing-Bogen district. The railway was exclusively used by goods trains.
Construction of the line
The Lower Bavarian market town of Wallersdorf lies in the lower Isar valley, 20 kilometres from where the River Isar flows into the Danube near Plattling. Today the town is served by the electrified, single-tracked line from Landshut to Plattling (KBS 931). The station's former marshalling and loading yards − at kilometre post 52.9 – have been dismantled apart from a simple crossing loop for the current regional passenger and goods trains.
The construction of a standard gauge railway from Straubing to Landau an der Isar had been approved in 1869 and from 1872 onwards the Gäuboden communities, led by the town of Straubing, made persistent attempts to have it built, but these efforts remained unsuccessful. As a result, local farmers founded a cooperative to build a narrow-gauge line (Kleinbahn) with a junction on the Landau–Plattling railway. According to Zeitler, the cooperative was given approval to build the line by a Bavarian law passed on 26 June 1908; the authorised route running from the station in Wallersdorf via Büchling to Münchshöfen. On the largely flat valley of Gäuboden the railway was intended to supply the farmers with goods (fertiliser, coal and building materials) and especially during harvest to transport away produce, mainly sugar beet and cabbages, in a cost-effective manner. The German Empire and the Free State of Bavaria each contributed 90,000 Reichsmarks (RM) to the cooperative's capital investment of 187,000 RM. The remainder of the capital was raised from the participating communities and farmers.
Construction did not begin until after the First World War. It was intended to purchase narrow-gauge track and vehicles with a gauge cheaply from former Army stock. When this failed, the railway embankment, which had been completed in 1923, was widened to take a gauge line and the railway went into service on 6 August 1926. The line had a length of and a track length of
The line ran northwards from the Reichsbahn loading yard at Wallersdorf station via Vierhöfen (km 2.5) towards Mattenkofen (km 4.2). One kilometre before the village it swung west and reached Büchling (km 5.8) about 500 m north of the village. This was the location for the depot with its coal bunkers, water tanks and a small workshop. Having run on level terrain to this point, the line now ran up a considerable incline of 1:30 for about 250 m in the direction of Münchshöfen. The course of the railway alongside the road to the vicinity of Mattenkofen can still be made out from the trees and bushes on the overgrown trackbed. The line continued on over the field track known as the Rennweg to the goods station of Münchshöfen (km 7.7) on the road to Fierlbach.
Evidently the railway had run-around loops in Wallersdorf and Büchling, and presumably at the terminus in Münchshöfen too. All the loading yards had a section of standard gauge track onto which the standard gauge wagons were off-loaded with the help of oxen or horses. That enable the transporter wagons to be freed up to transport other wagons, whilst the goods wagons were loaded or unloaded.
A proposal in 1928 by the Regensburg Reichsbahn division to the town of Straubing and other communities in the Gäuboden along the line to Landau to connect it to this branch line was not accepted. Even an extension of the line by about 4 km to Oberschneiding could not be put into effect due to a lack of capital.
Closure
The railway company only made a profit in two of its operating years. Only between 7,000 t and 10,000 t of goods were transported annually. The rapid mechanisation of agriculture after the Second World War and the urgent need for further investment to keep the line open led to its closure on 31 December 1949 and subsequent dismantling. The station buildings and loading ramps have since been removed leaving no trace.
Running and rolling stock
In 1926 the railway bought five four-axled transporter wagon from the firm of Orenstein & Koppel. Photographs show that these wagons were hauled in the first two years by a light Lenz class construction engine. This locomotive had been used in building the line. In 1928 the Kleinbahn cooperative bought engine no. 63 (Krauss 1889/2019, type Cn2t) from the Valhalla Railway for 3,727.95 RM. This locomotive, almost 40 years old at that time, had originally been in service in Thuringia and Upper Silesia. In 1932, after a serious accident, they bought locomotive BR 99 133 (Krauss 1922/7986, a Bavarian Pts 3/4, type 1Ch2t) that had been laid up two years earlier on the Neuötting–Altötting railway. This worked on the line until it was closed and was then scrapped.
References
Literature
Defunct railway companies of Germany
Branch lines in Bavaria
Metre gauge railways in Germany
Dingolfing-Landau
Railway lines opened in 1926
Railway lines closed in 1949 |
René-Édouard Caron (21 October 1800 – 13 December 1876) was a Canadian politician, judge, and the second Lieutenant Governor of Quebec.
He was born in Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré, Lower Canada, the son of Augustin Caron, a well-to-do farmer and Member of the House of Assembly (MHA) for Lower Canada, and Élizabeth Lessard. He studied Latin at the college of Saint-Pierre-de-la-Rivière-du-Sud, which prepared him for admittance to the Petit Séminaire de Québec, in 1813. After later studying law in André-Rémi Hamel's office, Caron was called to the Quebec Bar in 1826. In 1828, he married Marie-Vénérande-Joséphine de Blois, the daughter of Joseph de Blois and Marie-Vénérande Ranvoyzé.
In 1833, he was elected as a municipal representative for the Palais district of Quebec City. In 1834, he was elected mayor by the city councillors and served until 1836. He was mayor again from 1840 to 1846. He was mayor when cholera broke out in 1834 and when a fire nearly destroyed the city in 1845.
In 1834, he was elected a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for the riding of Upper Town of Quebec. In 1841, he was appointed a member of the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada. He was the Speaker from 1843 to 1847 and again from 1848 to 1853. From 1844 to 1853, he was also in a law partnership with Louis de Gonzague Baillairgé. In 1853, he was appointed Judge of the Court of Appeal, and in 1855 of the Court of the Queen's Bench. In 1859, he took part in the codification of the civil laws. He remained a judge until 1873 when he was appointed the second Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec. He served until his death in December 1876. He was buried at Cimetière Notre-Dame-de-Belmont in Sainte-Foy.
Family
He married Marie-Vénérande-Joséphine de Blois, daughter of Joseph de Blois and Marie-Vénérande Ranvoyzé, of Quebec, on 16 September 1828, at Notre-Dame de Québec. She died on 25 March 1880, and was buried at cimetière Notre-Dame-de-Belmont, alongside her husband.
The couple's son Adolphe-Philippe later became a member of the Canadian House of Commons and cabinet minister. Their daughter Corine married Sir Charles Fitzpatrick, who became Chief Justice of Canada and Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec. Their daughter Marie-Joséphine married Jean-Thomas Taschereau, later a judge in the Supreme Court of Canada, and was the mother of Louis-Alexandre Taschereau, a premier of Quebec.
Descendants
Augustin Caron (17781862), m. Élizabeth Lessard (17741823)
René-Édouard Caron (18001876), m. Marie-Vénérande-Joséphine de Blois (18291886)
Adolphe-Philippe Caron (18431908), m. Marie-Clotilde-Alice Baby (18331924)
Marie-Elmire Corinne Caron, m. Sir Charles Fitzpatrick (18531942)
Marie-Joséphine Caron (18391915), m. Jean-Thomas Taschereau (18141893)
Joseph-Édouard Taschereau (18631891), m. Marie-Clara-Amelie Dionne (18651948)
Louise-Josephine Taschereau (18661959)
Louis-Alexandre Taschereau (18671952), m. Marie-Emma-Adine Dionne (18711952)
References
External links
1800 births
1876 deaths
Judges in Quebec
Lieutenant Governors of Quebec
Mayors of Quebec City
Members of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
Members of the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada
Province of Canada judges
French Quebecers
Petit Séminaire de Québec alumni |
Fursan Al Emarat (; in English The Knights of the UAE) is the aerobatics Aeorabic display team of the United Arab Emirates Air Force and Air Defence. It was formed in 2008 with Italian-built Aermacchi MB-339NAT jet aircraft. The team has a total of seven aircraft that symbolizes 7 Emirates, all seven of which are used for international airshows, locally they started their first show at Dubai Airshow and flew at the IDEX and Abu Dhabi formula1 Grand Prix and across the 7 emirates for 2nd December National day celebrations, internationally the team has performed at Lima exhibition and their upcoming Airshow performance will be at Royal International Air Tattoo.
The team peformed at the 2022 Bahrain International Airshow at Sakhir Air Base with five aircraft.
References
Aerobatic teams
United Arab Emirates Air Force |
Cheryl A. Sutton (born 23 September 1946 in Norwich) is a British archer.
Archery
Sutton finished 51st at the 1988 Summer Olympic Games in the women's individual event with 1179 points. She also finished fifth in the women's team event.
References
External links
Profile on worldarchery.org
1946 births
Living people
British female archers
Olympic archers for Great Britain
Archers at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Norwich |
AzarAb Industries is an Iranian manufacturing corporation that constructs power plants, factories, petrochemical plants and sugar, oil and gas refineries that is located in Arak. As of 2005, AzarAb Industries, employed more than 2,500 people.
Their main products are air preheaters, boilers, butterfly valves, water turbines, reactors, fractionating columns and pressure vessels.
Some of the projects the corporation has worked on are:
Shahid Rajaie 1000 M.W. Thermal Power Plant, Iran
Gilan 810 M.W. Combined Cycle Power Plant, Iran
Abadan Petrochemical Plant, Iran
The corporation has ISO 9001 certification and is a member of the Association of Iran Industry Equipment Manufacturers.
References
Ibid.
External links
Companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
Iranian brands
Engineering companies of Iran
Nuclear technology companies of Iran
Manufacturing companies of Iran
Water turbine manufacturers
Industrial machine manufacturers
Engine manufacturers of Iran
Companies based in Arak
Iranian entities subject to the U.S. Department of the Treasury sanctions |
Elesclomol (INN, codenamed STA-4783) is a drug that triggers apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells. It is being developed by Synta Pharmaceuticals and GlaxoSmithKline as a chemotherapy adjuvant, and has received both fast track and orphan drug status from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Synta Pharmaceuticals announced on February 26, 2009 the suspension of all clinical trials involving Elesclomol due to safety concerns. In March 2010, Synta announced that the FDA had approved resuming clinical development of elesclomol, and that they expected to initiate one or more clinical trials for elesclomol in the second half of the year.
In a small, randomized phase II study, elesclomol was shown to significantly increase progression-free survival in people with metastatic melanoma when given in addition to paclitaxel (Taxol).
Results from a phase III trial were announced in March 2013. The study was halted when it was determined that addition of elesclomol to paclitaxel didn't significantly increase progression-free survival.
Studies in preclinical models suggested that Elesclomol may be effective in Ewing sarcoma cells with elevated levels of cellular oxidative stress.
Mechanism of action
Elesclomol induces oxidative stress by provoking a buildup of reactive oxygen species within cancer cells. Elesclomol requires a redox active metal ion to function. The Cu(II) complex is 34 times more potent than the Ni(II) complex and 1040-fold more potent than the Pt(II) complex.
Discovery
Elesclomol was first synthesized at Shinogi BioResearch in Lexington, MA. Its efficacy against cancer was discovered by scientists at Shionogi BioResearch. “It was pure chemist’s joy,” Synta's Chen said. “Homemade, random, and clearly made for no particular purpose. It was the only one that worked on everything we tried.”
References
Chemotherapeutic adjuvants
Orphan drugs
Hydrazides |
Françoise Marguerite Janiçon (1711-1789) was a Swedish writer.
Biography
She was born in the Netherlands as one of two daughters of the Huguenot François Michel Janiçon (1674-1730), Dutch minister in Hesse-Cassel, and Marguerite Anne Marie de Ville. From 1741, she lived in Sweden with her spouse, the Swedish historiographer Carl Gustaf Warmholtz (1713-1785). Her spouse was ennobled in 1752 in order to by the noble estate Christineholm.
Françoise Marguerite Janiçon belonged to the few females who participated in the political debate under their own name rather than under a pseudonym during the Swedish Age of Liberty, along with Elisabeth Stierncrona, Anna Antoinetta Gyllenborg, Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht, Charlotta Frölich and Anna Margareta von Bragner. She was at one point referred to by Carl Christoffer Gjörwell the Elder as the most learned female in Sweden, and upheld a political correspondence with Carl Reinhold Berch. In 1767, she published the political work Tankar i anledning af Sista Öfwerflöds-Förordningen Och Dess wärkställighet; Fattade i pennan, och Dedicerade til MALCONTENTERNE, Af En Fri Svensk (Thoughts in regard to the last Abundance-Law and its implementation; written by pen, and dedicated to MALCONTENTERNE, by a free Swede). In it, she supported the regulations to reserve certain clothes according to class, and spoke to in particular female readers with question as to how the economy of the state should be organized. Alongside Charlotta Frölich, she was one of two women to publicly participate in the debate as to how the economy should be governed by the state.
Publications
Tankar i anledning af Sista Öfwerflöds-Förordningen Och Dess wärkställighet; Fattade i pennan, och Dedicerade til MALCONTENTERNE, Af En Fri Svensk (1767)
References
Skuncke Marie-Christine, Tandefelt Henrika, red (2003). Riksdag, kaffehus och predikstol: frihetstidens politiska kultur 1766-1772. Skrifter / utgivna av Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland, 0039-6842 ; 649. Stockholm: Atlantis. Libris 9002888.
Further reading
1711 births
1789 deaths
18th-century Swedish women writers
18th-century Swedish writers
Swedish people of French descent
Huguenots
Age of Liberty people |
The Sierra Leone Girl Guides Association is the national Guiding organization of Sierra Leone. It serves 2,600 members (as of 2018). Founded in 1924, the girls-only organization became a full member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts in 1963. The current headquarters of the organization is at Tower Hill, Freetown, Western Area.
The membership badge of the Sierra Leone Girl Guides Association incorporates a lion and a palm tree in front of mountains, suggesting Lion Mountain, the translation of the country's name.
Publications
The Sierra Leone Girl Guides Association (ed.): 60 years of guiding: Girl Guides, 1924-1984. "Service through guiding". Sierra Leone, 1984
See also
Sierra Leone Scouts Association
References
World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts member organizations
Scouting and Guiding in Sierra Leone
Youth organizations established in 1924
1924 establishments in Sierra Leone |
El Cuchillo is a village in Tinajo, Las Palmas province of western Lanzarote in the Canary Islands.
Populated places in Lanzarote |
```pod
=pod
=head1 NAME
RSA_generate_key_ex, RSA_generate_key - generate RSA key pair
=head1 SYNOPSIS
#include <openssl/rsa.h>
int RSA_generate_key_ex(RSA *rsa, int bits, BIGNUM *e, BN_GENCB *cb);
Deprecated:
#if OPENSSL_API_COMPAT < 0x00908000L
RSA *RSA_generate_key(int num, unsigned long e,
void (*callback)(int, int, void *), void *cb_arg);
#endif
=head1 DESCRIPTION
RSA_generate_key_ex() generates a key pair and stores it in the B<RSA>
structure provided in B<rsa>. The pseudo-random number generator must
be seeded prior to calling RSA_generate_key_ex().
The modulus size will be of length B<bits>, and the public exponent will be
B<e>. Key sizes with B<num> E<lt> 1024 should be considered insecure.
The exponent is an odd number, typically 3, 17 or 65537.
A callback function may be used to provide feedback about the
progress of the key generation. If B<cb> is not B<NULL>, it
will be called as follows using the BN_GENCB_call() function
described on the L<BN_generate_prime(3)> page.
=over 2
=item *
While a random prime number is generated, it is called as
described in L<BN_generate_prime(3)>.
=item *
When the n-th randomly generated prime is rejected as not
suitable for the key, B<BN_GENCB_call(cb, 2, n)> is called.
=item *
When a random p has been found with p-1 relatively prime to B<e>,
it is called as B<BN_GENCB_call(cb, 3, 0)>.
=back
The process is then repeated for prime q with B<BN_GENCB_call(cb, 3, 1)>.
RSA_generate_key() is deprecated (new applications should use
RSA_generate_key_ex() instead). RSA_generate_key() works in the same way as
RSA_generate_key_ex() except it uses "old style" call backs. See
L<BN_generate_prime(3)> for further details.
=head1 RETURN VALUE
RSA_generate_key_ex() returns 1 on success or 0 on error.
RSA_generate_key() returns the key on success or B<NULL> on error.
The error codes can be obtained by L<ERR_get_error(3)>.
=head1 BUGS
B<BN_GENCB_call(cb, 2, x)> is used with two different meanings.
RSA_generate_key() goes into an infinite loop for illegal input values.
=head1 SEE ALSO
L<ERR_get_error(3)>, L<RAND_bytes(3)>,
L<RSA_generate_key(3)>, L<BN_generate_prime(3)>
=head1 COPYRIGHT
in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
L<path_to_url
=cut
``` |
Jared Yates Sexton (born October 7, 1981) is an American author and political commentator from Linton, Indiana. He was an associate professor in the Department of Writing and Linguistics at Georgia Southern University.
Early life
Sexton grew up in southern Indiana. He studied English and Creative Writing at Indiana State University, and later received his MFA in Creative Writing from Southern Illinois University in 2008.
Career
Sexton previously taught Creative Writing at Ball State before accepting a position at Georgia Southern University, where he was a tenured Associate Professor of Creative Writing.
Sexton is the author of three short story collections: An End to All Things (Atticus Books), The Hook and the Haymaker (Split Lip Press), and I Am the Oil of the Engine of the World (Split Lip Press), as well as a crime novel, Bring me the Head of Yorkie Goodman (New Pulp Press), written under the pseudonym Rowdy Yates.
His work has been published in Time Magazine,The New York Times, The New Republic, Salon, Paste, Southern Humanities Review, PANK, and in Hobart.
Political journalism
In April 2015, Sexton started covering the 2016 U.S. presidential election, attending multiple rallies for both major candidates and writing regular articles for Atticus Review in his column Atticus on the Trail. He covered the Charleston shooting and trail of church burnings in the South. He has written for Time Magazine,New York Times, Salon and the New Republic.
In the summer of 2016, Sexton went to another Trump rally in South Carolina, and reported on the behavior he observed there. His live tweets of the event soon went viral and garnered him national attention, which included frequent death threats. He later wrote about the experience and became a regular contributor to The New Republic and The New York Times.
In December 2016, Sexton was a guest political commentator on The Last Word with Lawrence O'Donnell on MSNBC, as well as on various radio programs, including KCRW.
Selected works
Books
An End to All Things: Stories Atticus Books (December 21, 2012)
Bring Me the Head of Yorkie Goodman (as Rowdy Yates) New Pulp Press (February 19, 2015)
The Hook and the Haymaker Split Lip Press (January 5, 2015)
I Am the Oil of the Engine of the World Split Lip Press (February 23, 2016)
The People Are Going to Rise Like the Waters on Your Shore: A Story of American Rage (September 12, 2017) .
The Man They Wanted Me to Be: Toxic Masculinity and a Crisis of Our Own Making (May 7, 2019)
American Rule: How A Nation Conquered The World But Failed Its People Dutton/Penguin-Random House (September 15, 2020)
The Midnight Kingdom: A History of Power, Paranoia, and the Coming Crisis, Penguin-Random House (Jan 17, 2023)
Articles
"American Horror Story," The New Republic, June 2016.
"Is the Trump Campaign Just a Giant Safe Space for the Right?", The New York Times, July 2016.
"Donald Trump's Toxic Masculinity," The New York Times, October 2016.
"Hillbilly sellout: the politics of J.D. Vance's Hillbilly Elegy are already being used to gut the working poor," Salon, March 2016.
References
External links
1981 births
Living people
21st-century American non-fiction writers
American male non-fiction writers
American political activists
American political writers
Georgia Southern University faculty
Indiana State University alumni
People from Linton, Indiana
Southern Illinois University Carbondale alumni
Writers from Indiana
21st-century American male writers |
Anuja Varghese is a Canadian writer from Hamilton, Ontario, whose debut short story collection Chrysalis was published in 2023.
Varghese's writing has been published in literary magazines such as The Malahat Review, The Fiddlehead and Plenitude, and has been anthologized in When Other People Saw Us, They Saw the Dead and Queer Little Nightmares. Her short story "Throwing Salt" was a Pushcart Prize nominee in 2021.
Chrysalis was a finalist for the 2023 Dayne Ogilvie Prize for LGBT literature, and was shortlisted for the Governor General's Award for English-language fiction at the 2023 Governor General's Awards.
Varghese identifies as bisexual.
References
External links
21st-century Canadian short story writers
21st-century Canadian women writers
21st-century Canadian LGBT people
Canadian women short story writers
Canadian bisexual writers
Bisexual women writers
Canadian writers of Asian descent
Writers from Hamilton, Ontario
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
The Société Notre-Dame de Montréal, otherwise known as the Société de Notre-Dame de Montréal pour la conversion des Sauvages de la Nouvelle-France, was a religious organisation responsible for founding Ville-Marie, the original name for the settlement that would later become Montreal. The original founders of the organization were Jérôme le Royer de la Dauversière, Jean-Jacques Olier and Pierre Chevrier. They were later joined by Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve, and by Jeanne Mance. The organization's mission was to convert the Indigenous population to Christianity and found a Christian settlement, which would be known as Ville-Marie.
Founding and activities
Marie-Madeleine de Vignerot, the Duchess of Aiguillon, a strong lay leader of the Catholic Church, was a proponent of foreign missionaries. To develop a colony in Montreal, she instigated the formation of the Societe Notre-Dame de Montreal. Her ideas caught the attention of Jérôme le Royer de la Dauversière, Pierre Chevrier, Baron de Fanchamp and Jeanne Mance, who expressed great interest and enthusiasm. A friend of Chevrier, Jean-Jacques Olier, future founder of the Seminary of St-Sulpice also expressed great interest in the project, donating a hundred pistoles to de la Dauversière and telling him to "commence the work of God." Olier was also instrumental in recruiting three more associates to the Society, most notably the Baron de Renty. He played an important financial role as a financial benefactor for the project. These six individuals would form the core of the Société Notre-Dame de Montréal.
They intended to establish the colony for the purpose of the religious conversion of the Indigenous population, whom they considered pagans, and the development of a Christian settlement. The venture was very expensive, and the Society initially had trouble finding potential financiers.
The next step was to acquire the rights to the Island of Montreal. At the time, the entire island had been ceded to a Jean de Lauson, the intendant of Dauphiné. Through negotiations with de Lauson, the territory was formally ceded to de la Dauvisière and Chevrier on 17 December 1640. On the very same day the Society engaged itself to transport thirty men, and thirty tons of provisions to New France by its own means and vessels.
Planning for the eventual colonial project would take over the activities of the Society for the next year. This planning was extensive, meticulous, and closely modelled after the Quebec settlement. Ville-Marie, as the settlement was to be called, largely copied its three main institutions from the Quebec settlement. These were the clergy residences, a hospital, and a school for young Natives. The next step for the Society was to choose a secular governor for the new colony. For this they required a man with certain military capabilities, proven leadership, and notable piety. The man chosen to for the job was Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve, who had a reputation for excellent military strategy, as well as piety. The King of France, Louis XIII, in recognizing the cessation of the Island of Montreal to the Society, also named de Maisonneuve the Governor of the settlement and granted him the right to use artillery and other munitions of war. De Maisonneuve and Chevrier were then jointly tasked with the provision of equipment, rations, munitions, skilled workers, and soldiers needed for the colony.
From its inception the Society needed the presence of women in its colonial project. The establishment of a hospital was a key priority of the Society. Caring for the sick and wounded during this period was largely seen as women's work. Needing female caregivers who could also evangelize, the Society eventually took on four women, the most notable of which was Jeanne Mance. Mance was instrumental to the success of the society, as both a caregiver and as a financier. Though she had little of her own wealth to give to the mission, her resourcefulness in spreading the word of the Society to wealthy aristocratic women in Paris paid off greatly in the future donations these women gave to the colonial project.
In the spring of 1641 three ships departed from La Rochelle to the New World with the mission of establishing a Christian colony on the Island of Montreal. One ship contained de Maisonneuve and about twenty five men, a second ship containing Jeanne Mance and a dozen men, and a third containing three women and ten men. The third ship arrived without issue and the second, containing Jeanne Mance, reached Quebec on August 8, 1641. de Maisonneuve's journey, wrought by misfortune and poor weather, caused him to lose several men and delay his arrival until August 20. De Maisonneuve's two-week absence gave rise to ridicule of the Society's mission in New France. Public and elite opinion in Quebec began to center around talks of the mission as a "foolhardy enterprise". This opinion garnered much credibility from the recent skirmishes between Iroquois and the French, which led many to believe that the settlement, having so few men to defend it, would soon be destroyed by the Iroquois. Despite the ridicule his venture received, De Maisonneuve would have carried out his mission of colonization except for the coming winter weather. The expedition's arrival in late August had delayed the colonial project considerably. Given the recent Iroquois threat and the coming frost, de Maisonneuve decided to suspend the founding of Ville Marie until next spring, spending the winter in Ste-Foye with his crew. During the winter, Mance played a critical role in managing and storing the supplies.
Over the course of the winter and early spring, boat construction went on busily in Ste-Foye. On May 8, 1642, de Maisonneuve's colonizing force set out for the Island of Montreal. The Flotilla consisted of a pinnacle, a Garbarre, and two Chaloupes. On the 17th of May, the Society came into sight of the island and formally took possession of it. The next morning they made their landing at La Place Royale, an islet at the mouth of the stream which Samuel de Champlain had previously designated as a safe haven. De Maisonneuve decided that on this spot would be where he erected his fort and settlement. That day an altar was erected by Jeanne Mance and the first Mass was held on the Island of Montreal. This act symbolized the beginning of Ville Marie, the ambitious dream of La Société Notre-Dame de Montréal.
Early encounters with Natives
From the beginning, the area where the Society was founded was prone to attacks by neighboring Iroquois tribes. In 1650, Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve returned to New France, from a voyage to France during which he met with Jeanne Mance. Mance warned de Maisonneuve of the destruction of Huronia by the Iroquois. Huron survivors of the attack fled before the onslaught and "passed by Ville Marie on their way to safety at Quebec – a sinister omen of things to come."
On May 6 165, Jean Boudart and his wife were attacked by approximately 50 natives. Boudart was killed and his wife was taken prisoner and later burnt at the stake. Charles Le Moyne, Denis Archambault and an unnamed settler quickly ran in aid of the others under attack. The three men quickly realized they were outnumbered and the only way to ensure their personal safety was to flee and thus ran they in the direction of the Hotel de Dieu hospital. As historian Henri Béchard writes, later, de Maisonneuve explained to the founder of Montreal, "had the Iroquois passed by the hospital before these men found refuge in it, they would have plundered, burnt it, and captured Mademoiselle Mance." Four days later, on May 10, forty Iroquois attempted to set fire to the brewery as well as other establishments, mostly houses. The Iroquois would have succeeded in burning down the brewery had there not been four guards patrolling the area who effectively repelled them.
On June 18, 1651, four citizens were heading home from mass when they were confronted by a group of Iroquois. When Governor Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve gained knowledge of the attack, he sent a relief party led by Charles Le Moyne to reinforce security in the area. The Iroquois quickly fired all of their ammunition, and with few weapons left to attack with, the French were able to suppress the attack. From this moment on, "the French were constantly harassed by the Iroquois and they no longer dared venture more than a few feet from their log-houses without their muskets, their pistols and swords. At night-time, nobody opened the door of his home to anyone."
After the attacks, de Maisonneuve called a meeting of all the French colonists in Ville-Marie and their families at which he instructed them to repair the fort and their residences. As Dollier de Casson wrote, "as we grew weaker daily whilst the enemy grew bolder, on account of their great number, everyone saw quite plainly that unless powerful aid appeared very shortly from France, all would be lost." Before departing back for France in 1651, de Maisonneuve met with the new governor of Ville-Marie who was also a member of the Society of Notre Dame, Jean de Lauson. De Lauson agreed to cover part of the cost of sending ten soldiers to reinforce the garrison at Ville-Marie. Lauson would stay true to the spirit of his word but fail on the technicalities. Governor de Lauson sent three men who were extremely malnourished and unprepared for the winter, where they almost died before reaching the settlement on December 10, 1651.
On his journey back to Paris, de Maisonneuve stopped by La Fleche to speak with Jérôme le Royer de la Dauversière. De Maisonneuve reported on life at Ville-Marie including the deaths caused by Iroquois attacks. The population of Ville-Marie was on the decline, there remained approximately 50 French colonists, only 17 of which could bear arms. De Maisonneuve remained in France until 1652. Jeanne Mance who remained in Ville-Marie, received a letter from de Maisonneuve, in which he wrote " I will try to bring back 200 men, which we badly need for the defence of this place; if, however, I cannot get at least 100, I will not return and the whole enterprise must be abandoned, for certainly the place will be untenable." It would not be until a year later, in 1653 when de Maisonneuve, working alongside de la Dauversiere in France, would gather up enough French men and women willing to take the voyage to New France. In the third week of June 1653, Marguerite Bourgeoys boarded the Saint Nicolas de Nantes with the prospective colonists. Despite suffering the loss of eight men during the voyage, on the 16th of November, with approximately 95 recruits, the Saint Nicolas de Nantes arrived at Ville-Marie. Trudel regards the efforts of Jérôme le Royer de la Dauversière, Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve and Jeanne Mance as quintessential in the "second founding of Montreal." This so-called "second founding of montreal" is historically recognized as the rebuilding of the Ville-Marie settlement by members of the Society of Notre Dame after countless Iroquois attacks.
Dissolution
"We now come to a year which Montreal ought to mark in red letters on its calendar, on an account of the various losses sustained on several different occasions", wrote François Dollier de Casson in his memoirs in the fall of 1659. The Society of Notre Dame had declined and the Seminary of Saint Sulpice began taking over the administration of Ville-Marie. Within four years of Dollier de Casson's discouraging account of his time in Montreal, the Society of Notre Dame would sign over the seigneury of Montreal to the Sulpician Order. This concluded the ambitious religious project originally envisioned and funded by Jérôme le Royer de la Dauversière and his followers.
By the mid seventeenth century, The Society of Notre Dame had no more than 12 surviving members, passionately led by Paul de Chomedey, Sieur De Maisonneuve. Resources were dauntingly low and money was quickly running out during a time when the Native raids called for a formidable resistance by the Frenchmen. The Iroquois forces proved resilient and capable, and fought in much larger numbers than the French population of Ville-Marie could handle. The Native warriors used the landscape to their advantage, hiding in dense unplowed fields and setting traps for unsuspecting Frenchmen. Lambert Closse, de Maisonneuve's first lieutenant, was ambushed and murdered on February 6, 1662, an event recognized by Montrealers as a major blow to the Society of Notre Dame. This style of guerilla warfare struck fear in both villagers and soldiers of Ville-Marie, as attacks were unexpected and relentless as explicitly described in Dollier de Casson's manuscripts. The anxiety of inevitable attacks burdened Ville-Marie both militarily and agriculturally. "Montrealers had been able to seed only part their fields the previous year, so that the year 1662 had barely begun when they found that they did not have enough food to sustain the settlement." That year, Ville-Marie appealed to Quebec for provisions, receiving aid from their allies quickly. Despite the strength and fortification of Quebec, Montreal was too far away to have benefitted greatly from its protection.
On March 9, 1663 the Society of Notre Dame dissolved, leaving Ville-Marie in the hands of The Sulpician Order. However, de Maisonneuve remained Governor of the island until 1665. Ville-Marie was founded 34 years after Quebec, yet this mission successfully managed a population of over 500 people. Remarkably, this population figure was equal to that of Quebec. The Society of Notre Dame "managed to keep their settlement unconquered by the Iroquois for twenty-three years, all while increasing tenfold its population, its resources, and its strength." Despite the devastating failure of the overambitious mission of the Society, they laid the foundation for what would grow into the largest trading settlement in Canada, and established Christianity in the most impossible conditions.
Gallery
References
Bibliography
Bonneau-Avenant, Alfred, LaDuchesse d’Aiguillon, Niece du Cardinal de Richelieu, Paris: Didier et Cie., 1879.
External links
The mystics found Ville Marie
History of Montreal
1641 establishments in the French colonial empire
1641 in New France
1663 disestablishments
Organizations based in Paris
History of Paris
1640s in Canada |
Heather Robyn Tarr (born October 5, 1974) is an American, former collegiate softball third baseman, and is the current head coach at Washington. Tarr become one of five coaches/athletes to have played and coached in the Women's College World Series, playing in the 1996 Women's College World Series as well the 1997 Women's College World Series, and coaching the Huskies at the 2009 Women's College World Series. She was the first coach to win a title with her alma mater when the Huskies won the national championship in 2009. Tarr has also assisted Team USA and helped coach the team at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
Early life and education
Born in Kirkland, Washington, Tarr graduated from Redmond High School and played at infielder on the Washington Huskies softball team from 1994 to 1997 while attending the University of Washington. Playing a total of 244 games at Washington, Tarr was an honorable mention all-Pac-10 honoree from 1995 to 1997 and second-team NFCA All-Pacific Region honoree in 1997. As a senior in 1997, Tarr batted .283 with 53 hits and 32 RBI.
Professional softball career
Tarr played professionally with the Tampa Bay FireStix of the Women's Professional Softball League in 1997 and 1998, playing 64 games with 26 hits and 10 RBI.
Coaching career
College assistant (1998–2004)
In 1998, Tarr was an undergraduate assistant at Washington while completing her geography degree.
From 1999 to 2004, Tarr was an assistant coach at Pacific under head coach Brian Kolze and was associate head coach during the 2004 season. With Tarr on staff, Pacific went 232–124 and 90–44 mark in the Big West Conference. In 2001, Tarr and Pacific head coach Brian Kolze was named 2001 NFCA West Region Coaching Staff of the Year after guiding the Tigers to within one win of the Women's College World Series and finished the year at No. 18 in the final national ranking.
Washington (2005–present)
After the 2004 season at Pacific as an assistant, Heather Tarr was named head coach of the Washington Huskies softball team. In her first season Heather Tarr led the Huskies to a 35–22 overall record and led them to the NCAA Super Regionals where they lost to eventual national champion Michigan. In 2009, Tarr led Washington 51–12 overall record and won the 2009 Women's College World Series, Washington's first title in program history. She became the first coach to win a title with her alma mater.
She led the Huskies to a runner-up finish in the 2018 Women's College World Series. Tarr has been a mentor to athletes Danielle Lawrie, Ali Aguilar and Taran Alvelo.
As of the end of the 2021 season, Tarr has an overall 704–260–1 record at Washington.
Team USA
Tarr was named as an assistant coach for the United States women's softball team in 2019. On October 25, 2021, Tarr became the head coach for Team USA.
Statistics
Head coaching record
Sources:
References
External links
1974 births
Living people
Female sports coaches
American softball coaches
Washington Huskies softball coaches
Washington Huskies softball players
Pacific Tigers softball coaches
Sportspeople from Kirkland, Washington
Sportspeople from Redmond, Washington
Softball players from Washington (state)
United States women's national softball team coaches |
Gavan Kola () may refer to:
Gavan Kola, Babol Kenar
Gavan Kola, Gatab |
All The Love is the seventh album by the American vocalist, pianist and songwriter Oleta Adams and was released in 2001.
Track listing
Personnel
Oleta Adams – vocals, acoustic piano (9, 12)
Peter Wolf – keyboards (1, 11), programming (1, 4, 11)
Ricky Peterson – keyboards (2, 3, 5-8, 10), programming (2, 3, 5-8, 10), arrangements (2, 3, 5-8, 10), backing vocals (3, 5)
Paul Peterson – programming (3, 5-10), bass (6, 10), guitars (7)
Paul Jackson Jr. – guitars (1, 11)
Michael Landau – guitars (2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10)
Stevan Pasero – guitars (2)
Geoff Bouchier – acoustic guitar (6)
Larry Kimpel – bass (1, 4)
John Cushon – drums (1, 11), percussion (1, 11)
Gerald Albright – saxophone (1)
Kenny Holeman – flute (6)
Bridgette Bryant – backing vocals (1, 11)
Sue Ann Carwell – backing vocals (1)
Michelle Wolf – backing vocals (1, 11)
Fred White – backing vocals (1)
Patty Peterson – backing vocals (3, 5, 10)
Joey Diggs – backing vocals (4)
Jeff Pescetto – backing vocals (4)
Debbie Duncan – backing vocals (5)
Production
Don Boyer – executive producer
Stevan Pasero – executive producer
Paul Erickson – engineer (1, 4, 11)
Don Miller – engineer
Barry Rudolph – engineer
Tom Tucker – engineer
Jeff Whitworth – engineer
Larry Gann – assistant engineer
James Harley – assistant engineer
Joe Lepinski – assistant engineer, digital editing
John Paturno – assistant engineer
Tommy Tucker Jr. – assistant engineer
Bernie Grundman – mastering at Bernie Grundman Mastering (Hollywood, California)
Todd Culberhouse – A&R
Tina Carson – project coordinator
Michael Lord – production coordinator
Howard Arthur – music copyist
Sue Tucker – music copyist
Digeann Cabrell – creative director
Ian Kawata – art direction
Gloria Ma – graphic design
Randee St. Nicholas – photography
Terri Apanasewicz – hair stylist, make-up
Kelle Kutsugeras – stylist
Jim Morey and Chevy Nash at Morey Management Group – management
2001 albums
Oleta Adams albums |
Eleonore Wilhelmine of Anhalt-Köthen (7 May 1696 in Köthen – 30 August 1726 in Weimar) was a princess of Anhalt-Köthen by births and by marriage successively Princess of Saxe-Merseburg and Duchess of Saxe-Weimar.
Life
Eleonore Wilhelmine was the eldest daughter of Prince Emmanuel Lebrecht of Anhalt-Köthen (1671-1704) from his marriage with Gisela Agnes of Rath, Countess of Nienburg (1669-1740). Eleonore Wilhelmine married first on 15 February 1714 in Köthen to Prince Frederick Erdmann of Saxe-Merseburg (1691-1714), son of Christian II, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg. On the occasion of this marriage, he received the district of Dieskau as an apanage. However, fourteen weeks after his marriage he suddenly died.
On 24 January 1716 in Nienburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Eleonore Wilhelmine married for the second time, to Duke Ernest Augustus I of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach (1688-1748). Eleonore Wilhelmine's brother met Johann Sebastian Bach during the wedding festivities, and later invited Bach to become Kapellmeister at the princely court in Köthen. Eleonore Wilhelmine later became the godmother of Bach's son Leopold Augustus.
Her marriage to Ernest Augustus was described as happy. During her ten years of marriage, she gave birth to seven children. After the birth of the Hereditary Prince, primogeniture was introduced in his two duchies.
Eleonore Wilhelmine died on 30 August 1726. She was buried in the ducal crypt at the Historical Cemetery in Weimar. Her widower was affected badly by her death. He left Weimar and started travelling.
Issue
From her second marriage, to Ernest Augustus I of Saxe-Weimar, Eleonore Wilhelmine had the following children:
William Ernest (1717–1719), Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Weimar
Wilhelmine Auguste (1717–1752)
John William (1719–1732), Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Weimar
Charlotte Agnes Leopoldina (1720–1724)
Johanna Eleonore Henriette (1721–1722)
Ernestine Albertine (1722–1769), married in 1756 to Count Philip II Ernst of Schaumburg-Lippe (1723–1787)
Bernardina Christina Sophia (1724–1757), married in 1744 to Prince John Frederick of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (1721–1767)
Emmanuel Frederick William Bernard (1725–1729)
Notes
References
August Benedict Michaelis: Einleitung zu einer volständigen geschichte der chur- und fürstlichen häuser in Teutschland, vol. 3, 1785, p. 667
House of Ascania
Duchesses in Germany
Princesses in Germany
1696 births
1726 deaths
18th-century German people
⚭Eleonore Wilhelmine of Anhaltköthen
Daughters of monarchs |
```c++
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
// are met:
// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
// documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
// * Neither the name of NVIDIA CORPORATION nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
// from this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
// IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
// PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
// CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
// EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
// PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
// OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
#include "GuIntersectionTriangleBox.h"
#include "CmMatrix34.h"
#include "PsVecMath.h"
#include "GuBox.h"
#include "GuSIMDHelpers.h"
using namespace physx;
/********************************************************/
/* AABB-triangle overlap test code */
/* by Tomas Akenine-M?r */
/* Function: int triBoxOverlap(float boxcenter[3], */
/* float boxhalfsize[3],float triverts[3][3]); */
/* History: */
/* 2001-03-05: released the code in its first version */
/* 2001-06-18: changed the order of the tests, faster */
/* */
/* Acknowledgement: Many thanks to Pierre Terdiman for */
/* suggestions and discussions on how to optimize code. */
/* Thanks to David Hunt for finding a ">="-bug! */
/********************************************************/
#define CROSS(dest,v1,v2) \
dest.x=v1.y*v2.z-v1.z*v2.y; \
dest.y=v1.z*v2.x-v1.x*v2.z; \
dest.z=v1.x*v2.y-v1.y*v2.x;
#define DOT(v1,v2) (v1.x*v2.x+v1.y*v2.y+v1.z*v2.z)
#define FINDMINMAX(x0, x1, x2, minimum, maximum) \
minimum = physx::intrinsics::selectMin(x0, x1); \
maximum = physx::intrinsics::selectMax(x0, x1); \
minimum = physx::intrinsics::selectMin(minimum, x2); \
maximum = physx::intrinsics::selectMax(maximum, x2);
static PX_FORCE_INLINE Ps::IntBool planeBoxOverlap(const PxVec3& normal, PxReal d, const PxVec3& maxbox)
{
PxVec3 vmin,vmax;
if (normal.x>0.0f)
{
vmin.x = -maxbox.x;
vmax.x = maxbox.x;
}
else
{
vmin.x = maxbox.x;
vmax.x = -maxbox.x;
}
if (normal.y>0.0f)
{
vmin.y = -maxbox.y;
vmax.y = maxbox.y;
}
else
{
vmin.y = maxbox.y;
vmax.y = -maxbox.y;
}
if (normal.z>0.0f)
{
vmin.z = -maxbox.z;
vmax.z = maxbox.z;
}
else
{
vmin.z = maxbox.z;
vmax.z = -maxbox.z;
}
if( normal.dot(vmin) + d > 0.0f) return Ps::IntFalse;
if( normal.dot(vmax) + d >= 0.0f) return Ps::IntTrue;
return Ps::IntFalse;
}
/*======================== X-tests ========================*/
#define AXISTEST_X01(a, b, fa, fb) \
p0 = a*v0.y - b*v0.z; \
p2 = a*v2.y - b*v2.z; \
minimum = physx::intrinsics::selectMin(p0, p2); \
maximum = physx::intrinsics::selectMax(p0, p2); \
rad = fa * extents.y + fb * extents.z; \
if(minimum>rad || maximum<-rad) return Ps::IntFalse;
#define AXISTEST_X2(a, b, fa, fb) \
p0 = a*v0.y - b*v0.z; \
p1 = a*v1.y - b*v1.z; \
minimum = physx::intrinsics::selectMin(p0, p1); \
maximum = physx::intrinsics::selectMax(p0, p1); \
rad = fa * extents.y + fb * extents.z; \
if(minimum>rad || maximum<-rad) return Ps::IntFalse;
/*======================== Y-tests ========================*/
#define AXISTEST_Y02(a, b, fa, fb) \
p0 = -a*v0.x + b*v0.z; \
p2 = -a*v2.x + b*v2.z; \
minimum = physx::intrinsics::selectMin(p0, p2); \
maximum = physx::intrinsics::selectMax(p0, p2); \
rad = fa * extents.x + fb * extents.z; \
if(minimum>rad || maximum<-rad) return Ps::IntFalse;
#define AXISTEST_Y1(a, b, fa, fb) \
p0 = -a*v0.x + b*v0.z; \
p1 = -a*v1.x + b*v1.z; \
minimum = physx::intrinsics::selectMin(p0, p1); \
maximum = physx::intrinsics::selectMax(p0, p1); \
rad = fa * extents.x + fb * extents.z; \
if(minimum>rad || maximum<-rad) return Ps::IntFalse;
/*======================== Z-tests ========================*/
#define AXISTEST_Z12(a, b, fa, fb) \
p1 = a*v1.x - b*v1.y; \
p2 = a*v2.x - b*v2.y; \
minimum = physx::intrinsics::selectMin(p1, p2); \
maximum = physx::intrinsics::selectMax(p1, p2); \
rad = fa * extents.x + fb * extents.y; \
if(minimum>rad || maximum<-rad) return Ps::IntFalse;
#define AXISTEST_Z0(a, b, fa, fb) \
p0 = a*v0.x - b*v0.y; \
p1 = a*v1.x - b*v1.y; \
minimum = physx::intrinsics::selectMin(p0, p1); \
maximum = physx::intrinsics::selectMax(p0, p1); \
rad = fa * extents.x + fb * extents.y; \
if(minimum>rad || maximum<-rad) return Ps::IntFalse;
Ps::IntBool Gu::intersectTriangleBox_ReferenceCode(const PxVec3& boxcenter, const PxVec3& extents, const PxVec3& tp0, const PxVec3& tp1, const PxVec3& tp2)
{
/* use separating axis theorem to test overlap between triangle and box */
/* need to test for overlap in these directions: */
/* 1) the {x,y,z}-directions (actually, since we use the AABB of the triangle */
/* we do not even need to test these) */
/* 2) normal of the triangle */
/* 3) crossproduct(edge from tri, {x,y,z}-directin) */
/* this gives 3x3=9 more tests */
// This is the fastest branch on Sun - move everything so that the boxcenter is in (0,0,0)
const PxVec3 v0 = tp0 - boxcenter;
const PxVec3 v1 = tp1 - boxcenter;
const PxVec3 v2 = tp2 - boxcenter;
// compute triangle edges
const PxVec3 e0 = v1 - v0; // tri edge 0
const PxVec3 e1 = v2 - v1; // tri edge 1
const PxVec3 e2 = v0 - v2; // tri edge 2
float minimum,maximum,rad,p0,p1,p2;
// Bullet 3: test the 9 tests first (this was faster)
float fex = PxAbs(e0.x);
float fey = PxAbs(e0.y);
float fez = PxAbs(e0.z);
AXISTEST_X01(e0.z, e0.y, fez, fey);
AXISTEST_Y02(e0.z, e0.x, fez, fex);
AXISTEST_Z12(e0.y, e0.x, fey, fex);
fex = PxAbs(e1.x);
fey = PxAbs(e1.y);
fez = PxAbs(e1.z);
AXISTEST_X01(e1.z, e1.y, fez, fey);
AXISTEST_Y02(e1.z, e1.x, fez, fex);
AXISTEST_Z0(e1.y, e1.x, fey, fex);
fex = PxAbs(e2.x);
fey = PxAbs(e2.y);
fez = PxAbs(e2.z);
AXISTEST_X2(e2.z, e2.y, fez, fey);
AXISTEST_Y1(e2.z, e2.x, fez, fex);
AXISTEST_Z12(e2.y, e2.x, fey, fex);
// Bullet 1:
// first test overlap in the {x,y,z}-directions
// find minimum, maximum of the triangle each direction, and test for overlap in
// that direction -- this is equivalent to testing a minimal AABB around
// the triangle against the AABB
// test in X-direction
FINDMINMAX(v0.x, v1.x, v2.x, minimum, maximum);
if(minimum>extents.x || maximum<-extents.x) return Ps::IntFalse;
// test in Y-direction
FINDMINMAX(v0.y, v1.y, v2.y, minimum, maximum);
if(minimum>extents.y || maximum<-extents.y) return Ps::IntFalse;
// test in Z-direction
FINDMINMAX(v0.z, v1.z, v2.z, minimum, maximum);
if(minimum>extents.z || maximum<-extents.z) return Ps::IntFalse;
// Bullet 2:
// test if the box intersects the plane of the triangle
// compute plane equation of triangle: normal*x+d=0
PxVec3 normal;
CROSS(normal,e0,e1);
const float d=-DOT(normal,v0); // plane eq: normal.x+d=0
if(!planeBoxOverlap(normal, d, extents)) return Ps::IntFalse;
return Ps::IntTrue; // box and triangle overlaps
}
#undef CROSS
#undef DOT
#undef FINDMINMAX
#undef AXISTEST_X01
#undef AXISTEST_X2
#undef AXISTEST_Y02
#undef AXISTEST_Y1
#undef AXISTEST_Z12
#undef AXISTEST_Z0
using namespace Ps::aos;
static PX_FORCE_INLINE int testClassIIIAxes(const Vec4V& e0V, const Vec4V v0V, const Vec4V v1V, const Vec4V v2V, const PxVec3& extents)
{
const Vec4V e0XZY_V = V4PermYZXW(e0V);
const Vec4V v0XZY_V = V4PermYZXW(v0V);
const Vec4V p0V = V4NegMulSub(v0XZY_V, e0V, V4Mul(v0V, e0XZY_V));
const Vec4V v1XZY_V = V4PermYZXW(v1V);
const Vec4V p1V = V4NegMulSub(v1XZY_V, e0V, V4Mul(v1V, e0XZY_V));
const Vec4V v2XZY_V = V4PermYZXW(v2V);
const Vec4V p2V = V4NegMulSub(v2XZY_V, e0V, V4Mul(v2V, e0XZY_V));
Vec4V minV = V4Min(p0V, p1V);
minV = V4Min(minV, p2V);
const Vec4V extentsV = V4LoadU(&extents.x);
const Vec4V fe0ZYX_V = V4Abs(e0V);
const Vec4V fe0XZY_V = V4PermYZXW(fe0ZYX_V);
const Vec4V extentsXZY_V = V4PermYZXW(extentsV);
Vec4V radV = V4MulAdd(extentsV, fe0XZY_V, V4Mul(extentsXZY_V, fe0ZYX_V));
if(V4AnyGrtr3(minV, radV))
return 0;
Vec4V maxV = V4Max(p0V, p1V);
maxV = V4Max(maxV, p2V);
radV = V4Sub(V4Zero(), radV);
if(V4AnyGrtr3(radV, maxV))
return 0;
return 1;
}
static const VecU32V signV = U4LoadXYZW(0x80000000, 0x80000000, 0x80000000, 0x80000000);
static PX_FORCE_INLINE Ps::IntBool intersectTriangleBoxInternal(const Vec4V v0V, const Vec4V v1V, const Vec4V v2V, const PxVec3& extents)
{
// Test box axes
{
Vec4V extentsV = V4LoadU(&extents.x);
{
const Vec4V cV = V4Abs(v0V);
if(V4AllGrtrOrEq3(extentsV, cV))
return 1;
}
Vec4V minV = V4Min(v0V, v1V);
minV = V4Min(minV, v2V);
if(V4AnyGrtr3(minV, extentsV))
return 0;
Vec4V maxV = V4Max(v0V, v1V);
maxV = V4Max(maxV, v2V);
extentsV = V4Sub(V4Zero(), extentsV);
if(V4AnyGrtr3(extentsV, maxV))
return 0;
}
// Test if the box intersects the plane of the triangle
const Vec4V e0V = V4Sub(v1V, v0V);
const Vec4V e1V = V4Sub(v2V, v1V);
{
const Vec4V normalV = V4Cross(e0V, e1V);
const Vec4V dV = Vec4V_From_FloatV(V4Dot3(normalV, v0V));
const Vec4V extentsV = V4LoadU(&extents.x);
VecU32V normalSignsV = V4U32and(VecU32V_ReinterpretFrom_Vec4V(normalV), signV);
const Vec4V maxV = Vec4V_ReinterpretFrom_VecU32V(V4U32or(VecU32V_ReinterpretFrom_Vec4V(extentsV), normalSignsV));
Vec4V tmpV = Vec4V_From_FloatV(V4Dot3(normalV, maxV));
if(V4AnyGrtr3(dV, tmpV))
return 0;
normalSignsV = V4U32xor(normalSignsV, signV);
const Vec4V minV = Vec4V_ReinterpretFrom_VecU32V(V4U32or(VecU32V_ReinterpretFrom_Vec4V(extentsV), normalSignsV));
tmpV = Vec4V_From_FloatV(V4Dot3(normalV, minV));
if(V4AnyGrtr3(tmpV, dV))
return 0;
}
// Edge-edge tests
{
if(!testClassIIIAxes(e0V, v0V, v1V, v2V, extents))
return 0;
if(!testClassIIIAxes(e1V, v0V, v1V, v2V, extents))
return 0;
const Vec4V e2V = V4Sub(v0V, v2V);
if(!testClassIIIAxes(e2V, v0V, v1V, v2V, extents))
return 0;
}
return 1;
}
// PT: a SIMD version of Tomas Moller's triangle-box SAT code
Ps::IntBool Gu::intersectTriangleBox_Unsafe(const PxVec3& center, const PxVec3& extents, const PxVec3& p0, const PxVec3& p1, const PxVec3& p2)
{
// Move everything so that the boxcenter is in (0,0,0)
const Vec4V BoxCenterV = V4LoadU(¢er.x);
const Vec4V v0V = V4Sub(V4LoadU(&p0.x), BoxCenterV);
const Vec4V v1V = V4Sub(V4LoadU(&p1.x), BoxCenterV);
const Vec4V v2V = V4Sub(V4LoadU(&p2.x), BoxCenterV);
return intersectTriangleBoxInternal(v0V, v1V, v2V, extents);
}
Ps::IntBool Gu::intersectTriangleBox(const BoxPadded& box, const PxVec3& p0_, const PxVec3& p1_, const PxVec3& p2_)
{
// PT: TODO: SIMDify this part
// Vec3p ensures we can safely V4LoadU the data
const Vec3p p0 = box.rotateInv(p0_ - box.center);
const Vec3p p1 = box.rotateInv(p1_ - box.center);
const Vec3p p2 = box.rotateInv(p2_ - box.center);
const Vec4V v0V = V4LoadU(&p0.x);
const Vec4V v1V = V4LoadU(&p1.x);
const Vec4V v2V = V4LoadU(&p2.x);
return intersectTriangleBoxInternal(v0V, v1V, v2V, box.extents);
}
static PX_FORCE_INLINE Vec4V multiply3x3V(const Vec4V p, const PxMat33& mat)
{
const FloatV xxxV = V4GetX(p);
const FloatV yyyV = V4GetY(p);
const FloatV zzzV = V4GetZ(p);
Vec4V ResV = V4Scale(V4LoadU(&mat.column0.x), xxxV);
ResV = V4Add(ResV, V4Scale(V4LoadU(&mat.column1.x), yyyV));
ResV = V4Add(ResV, V4Scale(V4LoadU(&mat.column2.x), zzzV));
return ResV;
}
// PT: warning: all params must be safe to V4LoadU
Ps::IntBool intersectTriangleBoxBV4(const PxVec3& p0, const PxVec3& p1, const PxVec3& p2,
const PxMat33& rotModelToBox, const PxVec3& transModelToBox, const PxVec3& extents)
{
const Vec4V transModelToBoxV = V4LoadU(&transModelToBox.x);
const Vec4V v0V = V4Add(multiply3x3V(V4LoadU(&p0.x), rotModelToBox), transModelToBoxV);
const Vec4V v1V = V4Add(multiply3x3V(V4LoadU(&p1.x), rotModelToBox), transModelToBoxV);
const Vec4V v2V = V4Add(multiply3x3V(V4LoadU(&p2.x), rotModelToBox), transModelToBoxV);
return intersectTriangleBoxInternal(v0V, v1V, v2V, extents);
}
``` |
```c++
#include "source/extensions/load_balancing_policies/common/load_balancer_impl.h"
#include <atomic>
#include <bitset>
#include <cstdint>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include "envoy/config/cluster/v3/cluster.pb.h"
#include "envoy/config/core/v3/base.pb.h"
#include "envoy/runtime/runtime.h"
#include "envoy/upstream/upstream.h"
#include "source/common/common/assert.h"
#include "source/common/common/logger.h"
#include "source/common/protobuf/utility.h"
#include "source/common/runtime/runtime_features.h"
#include "absl/container/fixed_array.h"
namespace Envoy {
namespace Upstream {
namespace {
static const std::string RuntimeZoneEnabled = "upstream.zone_routing.enabled";
static const std::string RuntimeMinClusterSize = "upstream.zone_routing.min_cluster_size";
static const std::string RuntimePanicThreshold = "upstream.healthy_panic_threshold";
// Returns true if the weights of all the hosts in the HostVector are equal.
bool hostWeightsAreEqual(const HostVector& hosts) {
if (hosts.size() <= 1) {
return true;
}
const uint32_t weight = hosts[0]->weight();
for (size_t i = 1; i < hosts.size(); ++i) {
if (hosts[i]->weight() != weight) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
} // namespace
std::pair<int32_t, size_t> distributeLoad(PriorityLoad& per_priority_load,
const PriorityAvailability& per_priority_availability,
size_t total_load, size_t normalized_total_availability) {
int32_t first_available_priority = -1;
for (size_t i = 0; i < per_priority_availability.get().size(); ++i) {
if (first_available_priority < 0 && per_priority_availability.get()[i] > 0) {
first_available_priority = i;
}
// Now assign as much load as possible to the high priority levels and cease assigning load
// when total_load runs out.
per_priority_load.get()[i] = std::min<uint32_t>(
total_load, per_priority_availability.get()[i] * 100 / normalized_total_availability);
total_load -= per_priority_load.get()[i];
}
return {first_available_priority, total_load};
}
absl::optional<envoy::extensions::load_balancing_policies::common::v3::LocalityLbConfig>
LoadBalancerConfigHelper::localityLbConfigFromCommonLbConfig(
const envoy::config::cluster::v3::Cluster::CommonLbConfig& common_config) {
if (common_config.has_locality_weighted_lb_config()) {
envoy::extensions::load_balancing_policies::common::v3::LocalityLbConfig locality_lb_config;
locality_lb_config.mutable_locality_weighted_lb_config();
return locality_lb_config;
} else if (common_config.has_zone_aware_lb_config()) {
envoy::extensions::load_balancing_policies::common::v3::LocalityLbConfig locality_lb_config;
auto& zone_aware_lb_config = *locality_lb_config.mutable_zone_aware_lb_config();
const auto& legacy_zone_aware_lb_config = common_config.zone_aware_lb_config();
if (legacy_zone_aware_lb_config.has_routing_enabled()) {
*zone_aware_lb_config.mutable_routing_enabled() =
legacy_zone_aware_lb_config.routing_enabled();
}
if (legacy_zone_aware_lb_config.has_min_cluster_size()) {
*zone_aware_lb_config.mutable_min_cluster_size() =
legacy_zone_aware_lb_config.min_cluster_size();
}
zone_aware_lb_config.set_fail_traffic_on_panic(
legacy_zone_aware_lb_config.fail_traffic_on_panic());
return locality_lb_config;
}
return {};
}
std::pair<uint32_t, LoadBalancerBase::HostAvailability>
LoadBalancerBase::choosePriority(uint64_t hash, const HealthyLoad& healthy_per_priority_load,
const DegradedLoad& degraded_per_priority_load) {
hash = hash % 100 + 1; // 1-100
uint32_t aggregate_percentage_load = 0;
// As with tryChooseLocalLocalityHosts, this can be refactored for efficiency
// but O(N) is good enough for now given the expected number of priorities is
// small.
// We first attempt to select a priority based on healthy availability.
for (size_t priority = 0; priority < healthy_per_priority_load.get().size(); ++priority) {
aggregate_percentage_load += healthy_per_priority_load.get()[priority];
if (hash <= aggregate_percentage_load) {
return {static_cast<uint32_t>(priority), HostAvailability::Healthy};
}
}
// If no priorities were selected due to health, we'll select a priority based degraded
// availability.
for (size_t priority = 0; priority < degraded_per_priority_load.get().size(); ++priority) {
aggregate_percentage_load += degraded_per_priority_load.get()[priority];
if (hash <= aggregate_percentage_load) {
return {static_cast<uint32_t>(priority), HostAvailability::Degraded};
}
}
// The percentages should always add up to 100 but we have to have a return for the compiler.
IS_ENVOY_BUG("unexpected load error");
return {0, HostAvailability::Healthy};
}
LoadBalancerBase::LoadBalancerBase(const PrioritySet& priority_set, ClusterLbStats& stats,
Runtime::Loader& runtime, Random::RandomGenerator& random,
uint32_t healthy_panic_threshold)
: stats_(stats), runtime_(runtime), random_(random),
default_healthy_panic_percent_(healthy_panic_threshold), priority_set_(priority_set) {
for (auto& host_set : priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority()) {
recalculatePerPriorityState(host_set->priority(), priority_set_, per_priority_load_,
per_priority_health_, per_priority_degraded_, total_healthy_hosts_);
}
// Recalculate panic mode for all levels.
recalculatePerPriorityPanic();
priority_update_cb_ = priority_set_.addPriorityUpdateCb(
[this](uint32_t priority, const HostVector&, const HostVector&) -> absl::Status {
recalculatePerPriorityState(priority, priority_set_, per_priority_load_,
per_priority_health_, per_priority_degraded_,
total_healthy_hosts_);
recalculatePerPriorityPanic();
stashed_random_.clear();
return absl::OkStatus();
});
}
// The following cases are handled by
// recalculatePerPriorityState and recalculatePerPriorityPanic methods (normalized total health is
// sum of all priorities' health values and capped at 100).
// - normalized total health is = 100%. It means there are enough healthy hosts to handle the load.
// Do not enter panic mode, even if a specific priority has low number of healthy hosts.
// - normalized total health is < 100%. There are not enough healthy hosts to handle the load.
// Continue distributing the load among priority sets, but turn on panic mode for a given priority
// if # of healthy hosts in priority set is low.
// - all host sets are in panic mode. Situation called TotalPanic. Load distribution is
// calculated based on the number of hosts in each priority regardless of their health.
// - all hosts in all priorities are down (normalized total health is 0%). If panic
// threshold > 0% the cluster is in TotalPanic (see above). If panic threshold == 0
// then priorities are not in panic, but there are no healthy hosts to route to.
// In this case just mark P=0 as recipient of 100% of the traffic (nothing will be routed
// to P=0 anyways as there are no healthy hosts there).
void LoadBalancerBase::recalculatePerPriorityState(uint32_t priority,
const PrioritySet& priority_set,
HealthyAndDegradedLoad& per_priority_load,
HealthyAvailability& per_priority_health,
DegradedAvailability& per_priority_degraded,
uint32_t& total_healthy_hosts) {
per_priority_load.healthy_priority_load_.get().resize(priority_set.hostSetsPerPriority().size());
per_priority_load.degraded_priority_load_.get().resize(priority_set.hostSetsPerPriority().size());
per_priority_health.get().resize(priority_set.hostSetsPerPriority().size());
per_priority_degraded.get().resize(priority_set.hostSetsPerPriority().size());
total_healthy_hosts = 0;
// Determine the health of the newly modified priority level.
// Health ranges from 0-100, and is the ratio of healthy/degraded hosts to total hosts, modified
// by the overprovisioning factor.
HostSet& host_set = *priority_set.hostSetsPerPriority()[priority];
per_priority_health.get()[priority] = 0;
per_priority_degraded.get()[priority] = 0;
const auto host_count = host_set.hosts().size() - host_set.excludedHosts().size();
if (host_count > 0) {
uint64_t healthy_weight = 0;
uint64_t degraded_weight = 0;
uint64_t total_weight = 0;
if (host_set.weightedPriorityHealth()) {
for (const auto& host : host_set.healthyHosts()) {
healthy_weight += host->weight();
}
for (const auto& host : host_set.degradedHosts()) {
degraded_weight += host->weight();
}
for (const auto& host : host_set.hosts()) {
total_weight += host->weight();
}
uint64_t excluded_weight = 0;
for (const auto& host : host_set.excludedHosts()) {
excluded_weight += host->weight();
}
ASSERT(total_weight >= excluded_weight);
total_weight -= excluded_weight;
} else {
healthy_weight = host_set.healthyHosts().size();
degraded_weight = host_set.degradedHosts().size();
total_weight = host_count;
}
// Each priority level's health is ratio of healthy hosts to total number of hosts in a
// priority multiplied by overprovisioning factor of 1.4 and capped at 100%. It means that if
// all hosts are healthy that priority's health is 100%*1.4=140% and is capped at 100% which
// results in 100%. If 80% of hosts are healthy, that priority's health is still 100%
// (80%*1.4=112% and capped at 100%).
per_priority_health.get()[priority] =
std::min<uint32_t>(100,
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-core.DivideZero)
(host_set.overprovisioningFactor() * healthy_weight / total_weight));
// We perform the same computation for degraded hosts.
per_priority_degraded.get()[priority] = std::min<uint32_t>(
100, (host_set.overprovisioningFactor() * degraded_weight / total_weight));
ENVOY_LOG(trace,
"recalculated priority state: priority level {}, healthy weight {}, total weight {}, "
"overprovision factor {}, healthy result {}, degraded result {}",
priority, healthy_weight, total_weight, host_set.overprovisioningFactor(),
per_priority_health.get()[priority], per_priority_degraded.get()[priority]);
}
// Now that we've updated health for the changed priority level, we need to calculate percentage
// load for all priority levels.
// First, determine if the load needs to be scaled relative to availability (healthy + degraded).
// For example if there are 3 host sets with 10% / 20% / 10% health and 20% / 10% / 0% degraded
// they will get 16% / 28% / 14% load to healthy hosts and 28% / 14% / 0% load to degraded hosts
// to ensure total load adds up to 100. Note the first healthy priority is receiving 2% additional
// load due to rounding.
//
// Sum of priority levels' health and degraded values may exceed 100, so it is capped at 100 and
// referred as normalized total availability.
const uint32_t normalized_total_availability =
calculateNormalizedTotalAvailability(per_priority_health, per_priority_degraded);
if (normalized_total_availability == 0) {
// Everything is terrible. There is nothing to calculate here.
// Let recalculatePerPriorityPanic and recalculateLoadInTotalPanic deal with
// load calculation.
return;
}
// We start of with a total load of 100 and distribute it between priorities based on
// availability. We first attempt to distribute this load to healthy priorities based on healthy
// availability.
const auto first_healthy_and_remaining =
distributeLoad(per_priority_load.healthy_priority_load_, per_priority_health, 100,
normalized_total_availability);
// Using the remaining load after allocating load to healthy priorities, distribute it based on
// degraded availability.
const auto remaining_load_for_degraded = first_healthy_and_remaining.second;
const auto first_degraded_and_remaining =
distributeLoad(per_priority_load.degraded_priority_load_, per_priority_degraded,
remaining_load_for_degraded, normalized_total_availability);
// Anything that remains should just be rounding errors, so allocate that to the first available
// priority, either as healthy or degraded.
const auto remaining_load = first_degraded_and_remaining.second;
if (remaining_load != 0) {
const auto first_healthy = first_healthy_and_remaining.first;
const auto first_degraded = first_degraded_and_remaining.first;
ASSERT(first_healthy != -1 || first_degraded != -1);
// Attempt to allocate the remainder to the first healthy priority first. If no such priority
// exist, allocate to the first degraded priority.
ASSERT(remaining_load < per_priority_load.healthy_priority_load_.get().size() +
per_priority_load.degraded_priority_load_.get().size());
if (first_healthy != -1) {
per_priority_load.healthy_priority_load_.get()[first_healthy] += remaining_load;
} else {
per_priority_load.degraded_priority_load_.get()[first_degraded] += remaining_load;
}
}
// The allocated load between healthy and degraded should be exactly 100.
ASSERT(100 == std::accumulate(per_priority_load.healthy_priority_load_.get().begin(),
per_priority_load.healthy_priority_load_.get().end(), 0) +
std::accumulate(per_priority_load.degraded_priority_load_.get().begin(),
per_priority_load.degraded_priority_load_.get().end(), 0));
for (auto& host_set : priority_set.hostSetsPerPriority()) {
total_healthy_hosts += host_set->healthyHosts().size();
}
}
// Method iterates through priority levels and turns on/off panic mode.
void LoadBalancerBase::recalculatePerPriorityPanic() {
per_priority_panic_.resize(priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority().size());
const uint32_t normalized_total_availability =
calculateNormalizedTotalAvailability(per_priority_health_, per_priority_degraded_);
const uint64_t panic_threshold = std::min<uint64_t>(
100, runtime_.snapshot().getInteger(RuntimePanicThreshold, default_healthy_panic_percent_));
// This is corner case when panic is disabled and there is no hosts available.
// LoadBalancerBase::choosePriority method expects that the sum of
// load percentages always adds up to 100.
// To satisfy that requirement 100% is assigned to P=0.
// In reality no traffic will be routed to P=0 priority, because
// the panic mode is disabled and LoadBalancer will try to find
// a healthy node and none is available.
if (panic_threshold == 0 && normalized_total_availability == 0) {
per_priority_load_.healthy_priority_load_.get()[0] = 100;
return;
}
bool total_panic = true;
for (size_t i = 0; i < per_priority_health_.get().size(); ++i) {
// For each level check if it should run in panic mode. Never set panic mode if
// normalized total health is 100%, even when individual priority level has very low # of
// healthy hosts.
const HostSet& priority_host_set = *priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority()[i];
per_priority_panic_[i] =
(normalized_total_availability == 100 ? false : isHostSetInPanic(priority_host_set));
total_panic = total_panic && per_priority_panic_[i];
}
// If all priority levels are in panic mode, load distribution
// is done differently.
if (total_panic) {
recalculateLoadInTotalPanic();
}
}
// recalculateLoadInTotalPanic method is called when all priority levels
// are in panic mode. The load distribution is done NOT based on number
// of healthy hosts in the priority, but based on number of hosts
// in each priority regardless of its health.
void LoadBalancerBase::recalculateLoadInTotalPanic() {
// First calculate total number of hosts across all priorities regardless
// whether they are healthy or not.
const uint32_t total_hosts_count =
std::accumulate(priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority().begin(),
priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority().end(), static_cast<size_t>(0),
[](size_t acc, const std::unique_ptr<Envoy::Upstream::HostSet>& host_set) {
return acc + host_set->hosts().size();
});
if (0 == total_hosts_count) {
// Backend is empty, but load must be distributed somewhere.
per_priority_load_.healthy_priority_load_.get()[0] = 100;
return;
}
// Now iterate through all priority levels and calculate how much
// load is supposed to go to each priority. In panic mode the calculation
// is based not on the number of healthy hosts but based on the number of
// total hosts in the priority.
uint32_t total_load = 100;
int32_t first_noempty = -1;
for (size_t i = 0; i < per_priority_panic_.size(); i++) {
const HostSet& host_set = *priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority()[i];
const auto hosts_num = host_set.hosts().size();
if ((-1 == first_noempty) && (0 != hosts_num)) {
first_noempty = i;
}
const uint32_t priority_load = 100 * hosts_num / total_hosts_count;
per_priority_load_.healthy_priority_load_.get()[i] = priority_load;
per_priority_load_.degraded_priority_load_.get()[i] = 0;
total_load -= priority_load;
}
// Add the remaining load to the first not empty load.
per_priority_load_.healthy_priority_load_.get()[first_noempty] += total_load;
// The total load should come up to 100%.
ASSERT(100 == std::accumulate(per_priority_load_.healthy_priority_load_.get().begin(),
per_priority_load_.healthy_priority_load_.get().end(), 0));
}
std::pair<HostSet&, LoadBalancerBase::HostAvailability>
LoadBalancerBase::chooseHostSet(LoadBalancerContext* context, uint64_t hash) const {
if (context) {
const auto priority_loads = context->determinePriorityLoad(
priority_set_, per_priority_load_, Upstream::RetryPriority::defaultPriorityMapping);
const auto priority_and_source = choosePriority(hash, priority_loads.healthy_priority_load_,
priority_loads.degraded_priority_load_);
return {*priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority()[priority_and_source.first],
priority_and_source.second};
}
const auto priority_and_source = choosePriority(hash, per_priority_load_.healthy_priority_load_,
per_priority_load_.degraded_priority_load_);
return {*priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority()[priority_and_source.first],
priority_and_source.second};
}
ZoneAwareLoadBalancerBase::ZoneAwareLoadBalancerBase(
const PrioritySet& priority_set, const PrioritySet* local_priority_set, ClusterLbStats& stats,
Runtime::Loader& runtime, Random::RandomGenerator& random, uint32_t healthy_panic_threshold,
const absl::optional<LocalityLbConfig> locality_config)
: LoadBalancerBase(priority_set, stats, runtime, random, healthy_panic_threshold),
local_priority_set_(local_priority_set),
min_cluster_size_(locality_config.has_value()
? PROTOBUF_GET_WRAPPED_OR_DEFAULT(
locality_config->zone_aware_lb_config(), min_cluster_size, 6U)
: 6U),
routing_enabled_(locality_config.has_value()
? PROTOBUF_PERCENT_TO_ROUNDED_INTEGER_OR_DEFAULT(
locality_config->zone_aware_lb_config(), routing_enabled, 100, 100)
: 100),
fail_traffic_on_panic_(locality_config.has_value()
? locality_config->zone_aware_lb_config().fail_traffic_on_panic()
: false),
locality_weighted_balancing_(locality_config.has_value() &&
locality_config->has_locality_weighted_lb_config()) {
ASSERT(!priority_set.hostSetsPerPriority().empty());
resizePerPriorityState();
priority_update_cb_ = priority_set_.addPriorityUpdateCb(
[this](uint32_t priority, const HostVector&, const HostVector&) -> absl::Status {
// Make sure per_priority_state_ is as large as priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority()
resizePerPriorityState();
// If P=0 changes, regenerate locality routing structures. Locality based routing is
// disabled at all other levels.
if (local_priority_set_ && priority == 0) {
regenerateLocalityRoutingStructures();
}
return absl::OkStatus();
});
if (local_priority_set_) {
// Multiple priorities are unsupported for local priority sets.
// In order to support priorities correctly, one would have to make some assumptions about
// routing (all local Envoys fail over at the same time) and use all priorities when computing
// the locality routing structure.
ASSERT(local_priority_set_->hostSetsPerPriority().size() == 1);
local_priority_set_member_update_cb_handle_ = local_priority_set_->addPriorityUpdateCb(
[this](uint32_t priority, const HostVector&, const HostVector&) -> absl::Status {
ASSERT(priority == 0);
// If the set of local Envoys changes, regenerate routing for P=0 as it does priority
// based routing.
regenerateLocalityRoutingStructures();
return absl::OkStatus();
});
}
}
void ZoneAwareLoadBalancerBase::regenerateLocalityRoutingStructures() {
ASSERT(local_priority_set_);
stats_.lb_recalculate_zone_structures_.inc();
// resizePerPriorityState should ensure these stay in sync.
ASSERT(per_priority_state_.size() == priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority().size());
// We only do locality routing for P=0
uint32_t priority = 0;
PerPriorityState& state = *per_priority_state_[priority];
// Do not perform any calculations if we cannot perform locality routing based on non runtime
// params.
if (earlyExitNonLocalityRouting()) {
state.locality_routing_state_ = LocalityRoutingState::NoLocalityRouting;
return;
}
HostSet& host_set = *priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority()[priority];
const HostsPerLocality& upstreamHostsPerLocality = host_set.healthyHostsPerLocality();
const size_t num_upstream_localities = upstreamHostsPerLocality.get().size();
ASSERT(num_upstream_localities >= 2);
// It is worth noting that all of the percentages calculated are orthogonal from
// how much load this priority level receives, percentageLoad(priority).
//
// If the host sets are such that 20% of load is handled locally and 80% is residual, and then
// half the hosts in all host sets go unhealthy, this priority set will
// still send half of the incoming load to the local locality and 80% to residual.
//
// Basically, fairness across localities within a priority is guaranteed. Fairness across
// localities across priorities is not.
const HostsPerLocality& localHostsPerLocality = localHostSet().healthyHostsPerLocality();
auto locality_percentages =
calculateLocalityPercentages(localHostsPerLocality, upstreamHostsPerLocality);
// If we have lower percent of hosts in the local cluster in the same locality,
// we can push all of the requests directly to upstream cluster in the same locality.
if (upstreamHostsPerLocality.hasLocalLocality() &&
locality_percentages[0].upstream_percentage > 0 &&
locality_percentages[0].upstream_percentage >= locality_percentages[0].local_percentage) {
state.locality_routing_state_ = LocalityRoutingState::LocalityDirect;
return;
}
state.locality_routing_state_ = LocalityRoutingState::LocalityResidual;
// If we cannot route all requests to the same locality, calculate what percentage can be routed.
// For example, if local percentage is 20% and upstream is 10%
// we can route only 50% of requests directly.
// Local percent can be 0% if there are no upstream hosts in the local locality.
state.local_percent_to_route_ =
upstreamHostsPerLocality.hasLocalLocality() && locality_percentages[0].local_percentage > 0
? locality_percentages[0].upstream_percentage * 10000 /
locality_percentages[0].local_percentage
: 0;
// Local locality does not have additional capacity (we have already routed what we could).
// Now we need to figure out how much traffic we can route cross locality and to which exact
// locality we should route. Percentage of requests routed cross locality to a specific locality
// needed be proportional to the residual capacity upstream locality has.
//
// residual_capacity contains capacity left in a given locality, we keep accumulating residual
// capacity to make search for sampled value easier.
// For example, if we have the following upstream and local percentage:
// local_percentage: 40000 40000 20000
// upstream_percentage: 25000 50000 25000
// Residual capacity would look like: 0 10000 5000. Now we need to sample proportionally to
// bucket sizes (residual capacity). For simplicity of finding where specific
// sampled value is, we accumulate values in residual capacity. This is what it will look like:
// residual_capacity: 0 10000 15000
// Now to find a locality to route (bucket) we could simply iterate over residual_capacity
// searching where sampled value is placed.
state.residual_capacity_.resize(num_upstream_localities);
for (uint64_t i = 0; i < num_upstream_localities; ++i) {
uint64_t last_residual_capacity = i > 0 ? state.residual_capacity_[i - 1] : 0;
LocalityPercentages this_locality_percentages = locality_percentages[i];
if (i == 0 && upstreamHostsPerLocality.hasLocalLocality()) {
// This is a local locality, we have already routed what we could.
state.residual_capacity_[i] = last_residual_capacity;
continue;
}
// Only route to the localities that have additional capacity.
if (this_locality_percentages.upstream_percentage >
this_locality_percentages.local_percentage) {
state.residual_capacity_[i] = last_residual_capacity +
this_locality_percentages.upstream_percentage -
this_locality_percentages.local_percentage;
} else {
// Locality with index "i" does not have residual capacity, but we keep accumulating previous
// values to make search easier on the next step.
state.residual_capacity_[i] = last_residual_capacity;
}
}
}
void ZoneAwareLoadBalancerBase::resizePerPriorityState() {
const uint32_t size = priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority().size();
while (per_priority_state_.size() < size) {
// Note for P!=0, PerPriorityState is created with NoLocalityRouting and never changed.
per_priority_state_.push_back(std::make_unique<PerPriorityState>());
}
}
bool ZoneAwareLoadBalancerBase::earlyExitNonLocalityRouting() {
// We only do locality routing for P=0.
HostSet& host_set = *priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority()[0];
if (host_set.healthyHostsPerLocality().get().size() < 2) {
return true;
}
// Do not perform locality routing if there are too few local localities for zone routing to have
// an effect.
if (localHostSet().hostsPerLocality().get().size() < 2) {
return true;
}
// Do not perform locality routing if the local cluster doesn't have any hosts in the current
// envoy's local locality. This breaks our assumptions about the local cluster being correctly
// configured, so we don't have enough information to perform locality routing. Note: If other
// envoys do exist according to the local cluster, they will still be able to perform locality
// routing correctly. This will not cause a traffic imbalance because other envoys will not know
// about the current one, so they will not factor it into locality routing calculations.
if (!localHostSet().hostsPerLocality().hasLocalLocality() ||
localHostSet().hostsPerLocality().get()[0].empty()) {
stats_.lb_local_cluster_not_ok_.inc();
return true;
}
// Do not perform locality routing for small clusters.
const uint64_t min_cluster_size =
runtime_.snapshot().getInteger(RuntimeMinClusterSize, min_cluster_size_);
if (host_set.healthyHosts().size() < min_cluster_size) {
stats_.lb_zone_cluster_too_small_.inc();
return true;
}
return false;
}
HostConstSharedPtr ZoneAwareLoadBalancerBase::chooseHost(LoadBalancerContext* context) {
HostConstSharedPtr host;
const size_t max_attempts = context ? context->hostSelectionRetryCount() + 1 : 1;
for (size_t i = 0; i < max_attempts; ++i) {
host = chooseHostOnce(context);
// If host selection failed or the host is accepted by the filter, return.
// Otherwise, try again.
// Note: in the future we might want to allow retrying when chooseHostOnce returns nullptr.
if (!host || !context || !context->shouldSelectAnotherHost(*host)) {
return host;
}
}
// If we didn't find anything, return the last host.
return host;
}
bool LoadBalancerBase::isHostSetInPanic(const HostSet& host_set) const {
uint64_t global_panic_threshold = std::min<uint64_t>(
100, runtime_.snapshot().getInteger(RuntimePanicThreshold, default_healthy_panic_percent_));
const auto host_count = host_set.hosts().size() - host_set.excludedHosts().size();
double healthy_percent =
host_count == 0 ? 0.0 : 100.0 * host_set.healthyHosts().size() / host_count;
double degraded_percent =
host_count == 0 ? 0.0 : 100.0 * host_set.degradedHosts().size() / host_count;
// If the % of healthy hosts in the cluster is less than our panic threshold, we use all hosts.
if ((healthy_percent + degraded_percent) < global_panic_threshold) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
absl::FixedArray<ZoneAwareLoadBalancerBase::LocalityPercentages>
ZoneAwareLoadBalancerBase::calculateLocalityPercentages(
const HostsPerLocality& local_hosts_per_locality,
const HostsPerLocality& upstream_hosts_per_locality) {
uint64_t total_local_hosts = 0;
std::map<envoy::config::core::v3::Locality, uint64_t, LocalityLess> local_counts;
for (const auto& locality_hosts : local_hosts_per_locality.get()) {
total_local_hosts += locality_hosts.size();
// If there is no entry in the map for a given locality, it is assumed to have 0 hosts.
if (!locality_hosts.empty()) {
local_counts.insert(std::make_pair(locality_hosts[0]->locality(), locality_hosts.size()));
}
}
uint64_t total_upstream_hosts = 0;
for (const auto& locality_hosts : upstream_hosts_per_locality.get()) {
total_upstream_hosts += locality_hosts.size();
}
absl::FixedArray<LocalityPercentages> percentages(upstream_hosts_per_locality.get().size());
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < upstream_hosts_per_locality.get().size(); ++i) {
const auto& upstream_hosts = upstream_hosts_per_locality.get()[i];
if (upstream_hosts.empty()) {
// If there are no upstream hosts in a given locality, the upstream percentage is 0.
// We can't determine the locality of this group, so we can't find the corresponding local
// count. However, if there are no upstream hosts in a locality, the local percentage doesn't
// matter.
percentages[i] = LocalityPercentages{0, 0};
continue;
}
const auto& locality = upstream_hosts[0]->locality();
const auto& local_count_it = local_counts.find(locality);
const uint64_t local_count = local_count_it == local_counts.end() ? 0 : local_count_it->second;
const uint64_t local_percentage =
total_local_hosts > 0 ? 10000ULL * local_count / total_local_hosts : 0;
const uint64_t upstream_percentage =
total_upstream_hosts > 0 ? 10000ULL * upstream_hosts.size() / total_upstream_hosts : 0;
percentages[i] = LocalityPercentages{local_percentage, upstream_percentage};
}
return percentages;
}
uint32_t ZoneAwareLoadBalancerBase::tryChooseLocalLocalityHosts(const HostSet& host_set) const {
PerPriorityState& state = *per_priority_state_[host_set.priority()];
ASSERT(state.locality_routing_state_ != LocalityRoutingState::NoLocalityRouting);
// At this point it's guaranteed to be at least 2 localities in the upstream host set.
const size_t number_of_localities = host_set.healthyHostsPerLocality().get().size();
ASSERT(number_of_localities >= 2U);
// Try to push all of the requests to the same locality if possible.
if (state.locality_routing_state_ == LocalityRoutingState::LocalityDirect) {
ASSERT(host_set.healthyHostsPerLocality().hasLocalLocality());
stats_.lb_zone_routing_all_directly_.inc();
return 0;
}
ASSERT(state.locality_routing_state_ == LocalityRoutingState::LocalityResidual);
ASSERT(host_set.healthyHostsPerLocality().hasLocalLocality() ||
state.local_percent_to_route_ == 0);
// If we cannot route all requests to the same locality, we already calculated how much we can
// push to the local locality, check if we can push to local locality on current iteration.
if (random_.random() % 10000 < state.local_percent_to_route_) {
stats_.lb_zone_routing_sampled_.inc();
return 0;
}
// At this point we must route cross locality as we cannot route to the local locality.
stats_.lb_zone_routing_cross_zone_.inc();
// This is *extremely* unlikely but possible due to rounding errors when calculating
// locality percentages. In this case just select random locality.
if (state.residual_capacity_[number_of_localities - 1] == 0) {
stats_.lb_zone_no_capacity_left_.inc();
return random_.random() % number_of_localities;
}
// Random sampling to select specific locality for cross locality traffic based on the
// additional capacity in localities.
uint64_t threshold = random_.random() % state.residual_capacity_[number_of_localities - 1];
// This potentially can be optimized to be O(log(N)) where N is the number of localities.
// Linear scan should be faster for smaller N, in most of the scenarios N will be small.
//
// Bucket 1: [0, state.residual_capacity_[0] - 1]
// Bucket 2: [state.residual_capacity_[0], state.residual_capacity_[1] - 1]
// ...
// Bucket N: [state.residual_capacity_[N-2], state.residual_capacity_[N-1] - 1]
int i = 0;
while (threshold >= state.residual_capacity_[i]) {
i++;
}
return i;
}
absl::optional<ZoneAwareLoadBalancerBase::HostsSource>
ZoneAwareLoadBalancerBase::hostSourceToUse(LoadBalancerContext* context, uint64_t hash) const {
auto host_set_and_source = chooseHostSet(context, hash);
// The second argument tells us which availability we should target from the selected host set.
const auto host_availability = host_set_and_source.second;
auto& host_set = host_set_and_source.first;
HostsSource hosts_source;
hosts_source.priority_ = host_set.priority();
// If the selected host set has insufficient healthy hosts, return all hosts (unless we should
// fail traffic on panic, in which case return no host).
if (per_priority_panic_[hosts_source.priority_]) {
stats_.lb_healthy_panic_.inc();
if (fail_traffic_on_panic_) {
return absl::nullopt;
} else {
hosts_source.source_type_ = HostsSource::SourceType::AllHosts;
return hosts_source;
}
}
// If we're doing locality weighted balancing, pick locality.
//
// The chooseDegradedLocality or chooseHealthyLocality may return valid locality index
// when the locality_weighted_lb_config is set or load balancing policy extension is used.
// This if statement is to make sure we only do locality weighted balancing when the
// locality_weighted_lb_config is set explicitly even the hostSourceToUse is called in the
// load balancing policy extensions.
if (locality_weighted_balancing_) {
absl::optional<uint32_t> locality;
if (host_availability == HostAvailability::Degraded) {
locality = host_set.chooseDegradedLocality();
} else {
locality = host_set.chooseHealthyLocality();
}
if (locality.has_value()) {
auto source_type = localitySourceType(host_availability);
if (!source_type) {
return absl::nullopt;
}
hosts_source.source_type_ = source_type.value();
hosts_source.locality_index_ = locality.value();
return hosts_source;
}
}
// If we've latched that we can't do locality-based routing, return healthy or degraded hosts
// for the selected host set.
if (per_priority_state_[host_set.priority()]->locality_routing_state_ ==
LocalityRoutingState::NoLocalityRouting) {
auto source_type = sourceType(host_availability);
if (!source_type) {
return absl::nullopt;
}
hosts_source.source_type_ = source_type.value();
return hosts_source;
}
// Determine if the load balancer should do zone based routing for this pick.
if (!runtime_.snapshot().featureEnabled(RuntimeZoneEnabled, routing_enabled_)) {
auto source_type = sourceType(host_availability);
if (!source_type) {
return absl::nullopt;
}
hosts_source.source_type_ = source_type.value();
return hosts_source;
}
if (isHostSetInPanic(localHostSet())) {
stats_.lb_local_cluster_not_ok_.inc();
// If the local Envoy instances are in global panic, and we should not fail traffic, do
// not do locality based routing.
if (fail_traffic_on_panic_) {
return absl::nullopt;
} else {
auto source_type = sourceType(host_availability);
if (!source_type) {
return absl::nullopt;
}
hosts_source.source_type_ = source_type.value();
return hosts_source;
}
}
auto source_type = localitySourceType(host_availability);
if (!source_type) {
return absl::nullopt;
}
hosts_source.source_type_ = source_type.value();
hosts_source.locality_index_ = tryChooseLocalLocalityHosts(host_set);
return hosts_source;
}
const HostVector& ZoneAwareLoadBalancerBase::hostSourceToHosts(HostsSource hosts_source) const {
const HostSet& host_set = *priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority()[hosts_source.priority_];
switch (hosts_source.source_type_) {
case HostsSource::SourceType::AllHosts:
return host_set.hosts();
case HostsSource::SourceType::HealthyHosts:
return host_set.healthyHosts();
case HostsSource::SourceType::DegradedHosts:
return host_set.degradedHosts();
case HostsSource::SourceType::LocalityHealthyHosts:
return host_set.healthyHostsPerLocality().get()[hosts_source.locality_index_];
case HostsSource::SourceType::LocalityDegradedHosts:
return host_set.degradedHostsPerLocality().get()[hosts_source.locality_index_];
}
PANIC_DUE_TO_CORRUPT_ENUM;
}
EdfLoadBalancerBase::EdfLoadBalancerBase(
const PrioritySet& priority_set, const PrioritySet* local_priority_set, ClusterLbStats& stats,
Runtime::Loader& runtime, Random::RandomGenerator& random, uint32_t healthy_panic_threshold,
const absl::optional<LocalityLbConfig> locality_config,
const absl::optional<SlowStartConfig> slow_start_config, TimeSource& time_source)
: ZoneAwareLoadBalancerBase(priority_set, local_priority_set, stats, runtime, random,
healthy_panic_threshold, locality_config),
seed_(random_.random()),
slow_start_window_(slow_start_config.has_value()
? std::chrono::milliseconds(DurationUtil::durationToMilliseconds(
slow_start_config.value().slow_start_window()))
: std::chrono::milliseconds(0)),
aggression_runtime_(
slow_start_config.has_value() && slow_start_config.value().has_aggression()
? absl::optional<Runtime::Double>({slow_start_config.value().aggression(), runtime})
: absl::nullopt),
time_source_(time_source), latest_host_added_time_(time_source_.monotonicTime()),
slow_start_min_weight_percent_(slow_start_config.has_value()
? PROTOBUF_PERCENT_TO_DOUBLE_OR_DEFAULT(
slow_start_config.value(), min_weight_percent, 10) /
100.0
: 0.1) {
// We fully recompute the schedulers for a given host set here on membership change, which is
// consistent with what other LB implementations do (e.g. thread aware).
// The downside of a full recompute is that time complexity is O(n * log n),
// so we will need to do better at delta tracking to scale (see
// path_to_url
priority_update_cb_ = priority_set.addPriorityUpdateCb(
[this](uint32_t priority, const HostVector&, const HostVector&) {
refresh(priority);
return absl::OkStatus();
});
member_update_cb_ = priority_set.addMemberUpdateCb(
[this](const HostVector& hosts_added, const HostVector&) -> absl::Status {
if (isSlowStartEnabled()) {
recalculateHostsInSlowStart(hosts_added);
}
return absl::OkStatus();
});
}
void EdfLoadBalancerBase::initialize() {
for (uint32_t priority = 0; priority < priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority().size(); ++priority) {
refresh(priority);
}
}
void EdfLoadBalancerBase::recalculateHostsInSlowStart(const HostVector& hosts) {
// TODO(nezdolik): linear scan can be improved with using flat hash set for hosts in slow start.
for (const auto& host : hosts) {
auto current_time = time_source_.monotonicTime();
// Host enters slow start if only it has transitioned into healthy state.
if (host->coarseHealth() == Upstream::Host::Health::Healthy) {
auto host_last_hc_pass_time =
host->lastHcPassTime() ? host->lastHcPassTime().value() : current_time;
auto in_healthy_state_duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
current_time - host_last_hc_pass_time);
// If there is no active HC enabled or HC has not run, start slow start window from current
// time.
if (!host->lastHcPassTime()) {
host->setLastHcPassTime(std::move(current_time));
}
// Check if host existence time is within slow start window.
if (host_last_hc_pass_time > latest_host_added_time_ &&
in_healthy_state_duration <= slow_start_window_) {
latest_host_added_time_ = host_last_hc_pass_time;
}
}
}
}
void EdfLoadBalancerBase::refresh(uint32_t priority) {
const auto add_hosts_source = [this](HostsSource source, const HostVector& hosts) {
// Nuke existing scheduler if it exists.
auto& scheduler = scheduler_[source] = Scheduler{};
refreshHostSource(source);
if (isSlowStartEnabled()) {
recalculateHostsInSlowStart(hosts);
}
// Check if the original host weights are equal and no hosts are in slow start mode, in that
// case EDF creation is skipped. When all original weights are equal and no hosts are in slow
// start mode we can rely on unweighted host pick to do optimal round robin and least-loaded
// host selection with lower memory and CPU overhead.
if (hostWeightsAreEqual(hosts) && noHostsAreInSlowStart()) {
// Skip edf creation.
return;
}
if (Runtime::runtimeFeatureEnabled(
"envoy.reloadable_features.edf_lb_host_scheduler_init_fix")) {
// If there are no hosts or a single one, there is no need for an EDF scheduler
// (thus lowering memory and CPU overhead), as the (possibly) single host
// will be the one always selected by the scheduler.
if (hosts.size() <= 1) {
return;
}
// Populate the scheduler with the host list with a randomized starting point.
// TODO(mattklein123): We must build the EDF schedule even if all of the hosts are currently
// weighted 1. This is because currently we don't refresh host sets if only weights change.
// We should probably change this to refresh at all times. See the comment in
// BaseDynamicClusterImpl::updateDynamicHostList about this.
scheduler.edf_ = std::make_unique<EdfScheduler<Host>>(EdfScheduler<Host>::createWithPicks(
hosts,
// We use a fixed weight here. While the weight may change without
// notification, this will only be stale until this host is next picked,
// at which point it is reinserted into the EdfScheduler with its new
// weight in chooseHost().
[this](const Host& host) { return hostWeight(host); }, seed_));
} else {
scheduler.edf_ = std::make_unique<EdfScheduler<Host>>();
// Populate scheduler with host list.
// TODO(mattklein123): We must build the EDF schedule even if all of the hosts are currently
// weighted 1. This is because currently we don't refresh host sets if only weights change.
// We should probably change this to refresh at all times. See the comment in
// BaseDynamicClusterImpl::updateDynamicHostList about this.
for (const auto& host : hosts) {
// We use a fixed weight here. While the weight may change without
// notification, this will only be stale until this host is next picked,
// at which point it is reinserted into the EdfScheduler with its new
// weight in chooseHost().
scheduler.edf_->add(hostWeight(*host), host);
}
// Cycle through hosts to achieve the intended offset behavior.
// TODO(htuch): Consider how we can avoid biasing towards earlier hosts in the schedule across
// refreshes for the weighted case.
if (!hosts.empty()) {
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < seed_ % hosts.size(); ++i) {
auto host =
scheduler.edf_->pickAndAdd([this](const Host& host) { return hostWeight(host); });
}
}
}
};
// Populate EdfSchedulers for each valid HostsSource value for the host set at this priority.
const auto& host_set = priority_set_.hostSetsPerPriority()[priority];
add_hosts_source(HostsSource(priority, HostsSource::SourceType::AllHosts), host_set->hosts());
add_hosts_source(HostsSource(priority, HostsSource::SourceType::HealthyHosts),
host_set->healthyHosts());
add_hosts_source(HostsSource(priority, HostsSource::SourceType::DegradedHosts),
host_set->degradedHosts());
for (uint32_t locality_index = 0;
locality_index < host_set->healthyHostsPerLocality().get().size(); ++locality_index) {
add_hosts_source(
HostsSource(priority, HostsSource::SourceType::LocalityHealthyHosts, locality_index),
host_set->healthyHostsPerLocality().get()[locality_index]);
}
for (uint32_t locality_index = 0;
locality_index < host_set->degradedHostsPerLocality().get().size(); ++locality_index) {
add_hosts_source(
HostsSource(priority, HostsSource::SourceType::LocalityDegradedHosts, locality_index),
host_set->degradedHostsPerLocality().get()[locality_index]);
}
}
bool EdfLoadBalancerBase::isSlowStartEnabled() const {
return slow_start_window_ > std::chrono::milliseconds(0);
}
bool EdfLoadBalancerBase::noHostsAreInSlowStart() const {
if (!isSlowStartEnabled()) {
return true;
}
auto current_time = time_source_.monotonicTime();
if (std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
current_time - latest_host_added_time_) <= slow_start_window_) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
HostConstSharedPtr EdfLoadBalancerBase::peekAnotherHost(LoadBalancerContext* context) {
if (tooManyPreconnects(stashed_random_.size(), total_healthy_hosts_)) {
return nullptr;
}
const absl::optional<HostsSource> hosts_source = hostSourceToUse(context, random(true));
if (!hosts_source) {
return nullptr;
}
auto scheduler_it = scheduler_.find(*hosts_source);
// We should always have a scheduler for any return value from
// hostSourceToUse() via the construction in refresh();
ASSERT(scheduler_it != scheduler_.end());
auto& scheduler = scheduler_it->second;
// As has been commented in both EdfLoadBalancerBase::refresh and
// BaseDynamicClusterImpl::updateDynamicHostList, we must do a runtime pivot here to determine
// whether to use EDF or do unweighted (fast) selection. EDF is non-null iff the original
// weights of 2 or more hosts differ.
if (scheduler.edf_ != nullptr) {
return scheduler.edf_->peekAgain([this](const Host& host) { return hostWeight(host); });
} else {
const HostVector& hosts_to_use = hostSourceToHosts(*hosts_source);
if (hosts_to_use.empty()) {
return nullptr;
}
return unweightedHostPeek(hosts_to_use, *hosts_source);
}
}
HostConstSharedPtr EdfLoadBalancerBase::chooseHostOnce(LoadBalancerContext* context) {
const absl::optional<HostsSource> hosts_source = hostSourceToUse(context, random(false));
if (!hosts_source) {
return nullptr;
}
auto scheduler_it = scheduler_.find(*hosts_source);
// We should always have a scheduler for any return value from
// hostSourceToUse() via the construction in refresh();
ASSERT(scheduler_it != scheduler_.end());
auto& scheduler = scheduler_it->second;
// As has been commented in both EdfLoadBalancerBase::refresh and
// BaseDynamicClusterImpl::updateDynamicHostList, we must do a runtime pivot here to determine
// whether to use EDF or do unweighted (fast) selection. EDF is non-null iff the original
// weights of 2 or more hosts differ.
if (scheduler.edf_ != nullptr) {
auto host = scheduler.edf_->pickAndAdd([this](const Host& host) { return hostWeight(host); });
return host;
} else {
const HostVector& hosts_to_use = hostSourceToHosts(*hosts_source);
if (hosts_to_use.empty()) {
return nullptr;
}
return unweightedHostPick(hosts_to_use, *hosts_source);
}
}
namespace {
double applyAggressionFactor(double time_factor, double aggression) {
if (aggression == 1.0 || time_factor == 1.0) {
return time_factor;
} else {
return std::pow(time_factor, 1.0 / aggression);
}
}
} // namespace
double EdfLoadBalancerBase::applySlowStartFactor(double host_weight, const Host& host) const {
// We can reliably apply slow start weight only if `last_hc_pass_time` in host has been populated
// either by active HC or by `member_update_cb_` in `EdfLoadBalancerBase`.
if (host.lastHcPassTime() && host.coarseHealth() == Upstream::Host::Health::Healthy) {
auto in_healthy_state_duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
time_source_.monotonicTime() - host.lastHcPassTime().value());
if (in_healthy_state_duration < slow_start_window_) {
double aggression =
aggression_runtime_ != absl::nullopt ? aggression_runtime_.value().value() : 1.0;
if (aggression <= 0.0 || std::isnan(aggression)) {
ENVOY_LOG_EVERY_POW_2(error, "Invalid runtime value provided for aggression parameter, "
"aggression cannot be less than 0.0");
aggression = 1.0;
}
ASSERT(aggression > 0.0);
auto time_factor = static_cast<double>(std::max(std::chrono::milliseconds(1).count(),
in_healthy_state_duration.count())) /
slow_start_window_.count();
return host_weight * std::max(applyAggressionFactor(time_factor, aggression),
slow_start_min_weight_percent_);
} else {
return host_weight;
}
} else {
return host_weight;
}
}
} // namespace Upstream
} // namespace Envoy
``` |
Alias is an American action, drama, thriller, and science fiction television series which debuted on September 30, 2001, on ABC. The series follows Jennifer Garner as Sydney Bristow, a double agent for the CIA working inside of the counter-government agency SD-6. The main theme of the series explores Sydney's obligation to conceal her true career from her friends and family, even as she assumes multiple aliases to carry out her missions. These themes are most prevalent in the first two seasons of the show. A major plotline of the series is the search for and recovery of artifacts created by Milo Rambaldi, a Renaissance-era character with similarities to both Leonardo da Vinci and Nostradamus. On May 22, 2006 the series completed its run, airing a total of 105 episodes over five seasons. An animated short was included on the DVD release of season 3. In addition to the individual season sets, the complete series was released on DVD with a bonus disc and a book that reveals the deepest secrets of the series, packaged in a "Rambaldi artifact box".
Series overview
Episodes
Season 1 (2001–02)
Season 2 (2002–03)
The Animated Alias: Tribunal
Jennifer Garner reprises her television role of CIA agent Sydney Bristow in this story that takes place between the second and third seasons of the live-action series. It is considered a "missing adventure" during a period Sydney later erases from her memory in which she works undercover as an assassin named "Julia Thorne." Despite how it was promoted in the teaser, the episode does not reveal anything that explains Sydney's missing time. It's merely a mission she undertook, and contains no background, or much information (not even about the mission portrayed). The events of this short are considered canonical with the live-action Alias series. This short film was originally produced for the DVD release of the third season as bonus feature.
Season 3 (2003–04)
Season 4 (2005)
Season 5 (2005–06)
References
External links
Alias
Alias |
Johann August Karl Soller (14 March 1805 – 6 November 1853) was a Prussian, and later, German architect. He was one of the most important of Karl Friedrich Schinkel's pupils and is regarded as a representative of the Schinkel school. Soller became an influential proponent of , a Romanesque revival architectural style that became popular in German-speaking lands and among German diaspora during the 19th century.
Life and work
August Soller was born in Erfurt, Principality of Erfurt, in 1805. He worked as a land surveyor from 1820–1822 and completed his surveyor's examination on June 22, 1822 at the E. S. Unger Mathematical Institute. Soller then completed two and a half years of practical experience as a building inspector. To prepare for his master builder's examination, he moved to Berlin and lived with the family of his nephew Richard Lucae.
In 1829 Soller was licensed as a Prussian state architect. He then served in the provinces, particularly in the Province of Silesia. From 1830 to 1833 he worked as a royal construction foreman for the District Government in Liegnitz and for a time served as a construction inspector in Posen. His focus became the design of churches and the supervision of their construction. On June 1, 1833, he became a master builder for the Prussian Higher Council of Architecture () in Berlin and also became a member of the Berlin Academy of Architecture, known as the . During this period Soller was assistant to Karl Friedrich Schinkel, one of the most prominent architects in Germany. Soller took over the Department of Churches in the Construction Commission in 1841, and in 1843 was made Senior Privy Councillor () for Infrastructure. From 1851 onwards he served as Lead Councillor for construction in the Prussian Ministry of Trade.
His first completely independent work was the nearly three meter high tomb of General Ernst Ludwig von Tippelskirch in the ) in Berlin (1844). Soller also designed Berlin's second oldest Catholic Church constructed after the Reformation, the almost forgotten church St. Marien am Behnitz in Spandau (1848). In 2002 that church was transferred into private ownership and completely renovated. He led construction of the war monument in Berlin's (1851–1853) and designed the tower of the Luisenstädtische Kirche. As a curator of monuments, Soller was also involved in the construction of Cologne Cathedral and the restoration of Erfurt Cathedral and the Cathedral of Trier.
Soller's most important work is St. Michael's Church, Berlin (), the parish church of St. Michael and the city's third oldest Catholic church built after the Reformation. It was constructed between 1851–1861 to plans Soller had already completed in 1845 and occupies a dramatic position on the Luisenstadt Canal. After his early death in 1853, church financial difficulties then caused a break in construction in 1855. Soller was buried there in 1856 and the building was finally completed in 1861 by Andreas Simons, Martin Gropius and particularly Soller's nephew, Richard Lucae. The church was consecrated on the 28 October 1861, by the Bishop of Breslau in the presence of the King of Prussia, William I, the future Emperor of Germany.
Legacy
Since his health was poor and he died at only 48 years old, Soller's oeuvre is not as extensive as it might have been. His designs for the spire of the (1837) and the (1844), for instance, were never carried out. However, he is regarded as the best among the state architects of the period. He sought neither fame nor honors, instead dedicating himself to principles of sound architectural design.
As Soller's work became known through publications, it influenced American architects Richard M. Upjohn and James Renwick Jr. in the mid-1840s, effectively initiating a Romanesque revival in the United States. Soller's work also influenced Miklós Ybl, one of Europe's leading architects and Hungary's most influential during the mid to late 19th century.
A number of Soller's significant works were damaged in World War II and demolished in its aftermath. St. Michael's was heavily damaged on the night of Feb 3, 1945 during the bombing of Berlin. It was stabilized and partially restored between 1948 and 1953, with the installation of a worship space in the transept. More repair and restoration work continued between 1976 and 1998, although the front façade and nave remain a ruin. The survived the war without significant damage, but it became overshadowed by more pressing events surrounding the Berlin Blockade. It was demolished by the city on August 19, 1948. The Luisenstädtische Kirche burnt during the bombings of February 3, 1945, with Soller's west tower still standing. However, by 1961 the church's ruins were located in the boundary strip of the Berlin Wall and it too was demolished in 1964. The foundations still remain in the former cemetery, which is now a park.
Gallery
Writings
Soller, August: Entwürfe zu Kirchen, Pfarr- und Schul-Häusern zum amtl. Gebr. bearb. u. hrsg. von der Kgl. Preuss. Ober-Bau-Deputation. Potsdam: Riegel Lfg. 1 (1844) bis Lfg. 13 (1855)
References
Further reading
Erbkam, Georg: August Soller (Nekrolog). In: Zeitschrift für Bauwesen, 4. Jahrgang 1854, pp. 105–108. Full obituary online (in German).
External links
Homepage with detailed material on the church St. Marien am Behnitz in Spandau
Homepage of the parish of St. Hedwig, which includes the St. Michael's Church
1805 births
1853 deaths
19th-century German architects
People from Erfurt |
Jeremiah Seed (1700–1747) was an English clergyman and academic.
Life
His father was Jeremiah Seed, who graduated B.A. from Jesus College, Cambridge, in 1682, and was rector of Clifton, Westmoreland, from 1707 until his death in 1722. Jeremiah Seed the younger was educated at Lowther grammar school, and matriculated on 7 November 1716 at The Queen's College, Oxford, proceeding B.A. on 13 February 1722, and M.A. 1725. He was chosen a fellow in 1732, and was for some years curate to Daniel Waterland, vicar of Twickenham, whose funeral sermon he preached on 4 January 1741. Seed was presented by his college in the same year to the rectory of Knight's Enham, Hampshire, where he remained until his death on 10 December 1747.
Works
Seed was admired as a preacher. Samuel Johnson remarked that "he was not very theological" but had "a very fine style." Two sermons were published during his lifetime; others posthumously as Discourses (London, 1743; 6th, 1766). The Posthumous Works, consisting of sermons, essays, and letters, was edited by Joseph Hall, M.A., fellow of Queen's College, and was printed for M. Seed (possibly his widow), 1750, London, 2 vols. Other editions appeared, 2 vols., Dublin, 1750; London, 1770, 1 vol.; and the work is said to have been translated into Russian.
References
Notes
Attribution
1700 births
1747 deaths
18th-century English Anglican priests
Fellows of The Queen's College, Oxford
People from Clifton, Cumbria |
Māris Bogdanovs (born 7 May 1979) is a Latvian bobsledder. He competed in the four man event at the 2006 Winter Olympics.
References
1979 births
Living people
Latvian male bobsledders
Olympic bobsledders for Latvia
Bobsledders at the 2006 Winter Olympics
People from Limbaži |
Târgu Ocna (; ) is a town in Bacău County, Romania.
It administers two villages, Poieni and Vâlcele.
The town is situated on the left bank of the Trotuș River, an affluent of the Siret, and on a branch railway which crosses the Ghimeș Pass from Moldavia into Transylvania. Târgu Ocna is built among the Carpathian Mountains on bare hills formed of rock salt. In fact, the English translation of Ocna is salt mine.
Târgu Ocna's main industry is salt production, as it is the largest provider in Moldavia. Other industries include wood processing, coal mining, steel producing, and petroleum-based industries.
People
Gabriela Adameșteanu (born 1942), writer
Sorin Antohi (born 1957), political scientist
Miron Grindea (1909–1995), journalist
Dan Iuga (born 1945), pistol shooter
Costache Negri (1812–1876), writer
Mihăiță Nițulescu ( 1969–2022), boxer
Ion Talianu (1898–1956), actor
Traian Vasai (born 1929), painter
References
Populated places in Bacău County
Localities in Western Moldavia
Towns in Romania
Mining communities in Romania
Market towns in Moldavia
Spa towns in Romania |
Rosianna Magdalena Silalahi (born September 26, 1972), also known as Rosi, is an Indonesian news presenter and former editor in chief of Liputan 6 SCTV. She is currently the editor in chief of news channel Kompas TV.
Career
Youngest of the five children of L.M. Silalahi and Ida Hutapea, Rosi was involved in journalism from an early age. While attending Santa Ursula High School, Silalahi participated in a wall magazine extracurricular activity and was active in a school magazine, Serviant.
Rosi failed to be accepted at the FISIP Communication Department of the University of Indonesia (UI) and was accepted into her second choice, Department of Japanese Literature, Faculty of Literature at UI.
After obtaining a bachelor's degree, Rosi sent a job application to TVRI. Having worked at an advertising company for several months, Rosi was called to undergo tests on TVRI and was accepted as a reporter. In 1998, she began working at Liputan 6 SCTV first as a reporter, then a year later began to make additional appearances as a news reader.
Rosi was promoted after Ira Koesno and Arief Suditomo left SCTV. She was one of six Asian TV journalists who interviewed US President George Bush at the White House in 2003 and received the title Host of Favorite Talk Show and News Event Carrier / Current Affair of the Panasonic Award in 2004. During the 2004 Election, Silalahi produced Kotak Suara, a program discussing money and politics so she won the "Indonesia Journalist Board" award that year. She was awarded the 2005 Panasonic News Presenter award and in November of that year, became editor in chief of Liputan 6.
Rosi married Dino Gregory Izaak at the Cathedral Church, Lapangan Banteng, Central Jakarta on July 30, 2005.
In 2007, Rosi again won the title of Favorite Favorite News / Current Affair at the Panasonic Award.
From September 1, 2014, Rosi joined Kompas TV, overseeing the TV news room as Editor in Chief, replacing Kompas senior journalist, Taufik Mihardja.
External links
Profil at KapanLagi.com
References
1972 births
Indonesian journalists
Indonesian women journalists
People of Batak descent
Living people |
Keean Johnson (born c. 1996/1997) is an American actor who known for his lead role as Adam Freeman in action horror adventure series Spooksville.
Johnson played one of the lead roles, Hugo, in the film Alita: Battle Angel. He is also known for his lead role in the film Low Tide as Alan and The Ultimate Playlist of Noise as Marcus Lund.
Early life
Johnson was born and raised in Boulder, Colorado. His father is British and his mother is American-Chilean. He has a younger brother, Cade Johnson. His first professional acting debut came at the age of 11 at the Denver Center for Performing Arts in the play Plainsong. It was at this same time that the casting director Nora Brennan for the Broadway musical Billy Elliot cast him in the show which went on to win the Tony for Best Musical in 2008.
Acting career
Television
Johnson began his professional acting career as an actor at the age of 16, when he appeared in episodic roles in the television shows: Switched at Birth, Notorious and Joe Pickett.
Johnson made his television debut in 2013, he was cast to play the lead role of Adam Freeman in the action horror adventure series Spooksville alongside Katie Douglas, Nick Purcha and Morgan Taylor Campbell, based on Christopher Pike's novel of the same name, which that aired on the Hub Network from October 26, 2013 to May 17, 2014.
From 2014 to 2016, Johnson played the recurring role of Colt Wheeler in the musical drama film Nashville.
In 2015, Johnson appeared on the third season of the family drama series The Fosters, which he played the role of Tom / Tony.
Johnson appeared on the second season in the teen drama web series Guidance, he played the main role of Kyo 'Ozo' Ozonaka, which was second season released between November 14 to December 9, 2016.
Johnson appeared on the first season of the teen drama series Euphoria, which he played the recurring role of Daniel, based on the Israeli miniseries of the same name.
In 2023, Johnson was cast to play the main role of Vernon Howell in the crime drama miniseries Waco: The Aftermath, developed by John Erick Dowdle and Drew Dowdle, which was premiered on April 16, 2023, on Showtime.
Film
In 2016, Johnson made his feature film debut in the comedy-drama film Heritage Falls starring David Keith, he played the role of Markie Fitzpatrick, which was released on September 2, 2016.
Johnson's break-out role came in 2019, when he played the role of Hugo in the cyberpunk action film Alita: Battle Angel starring Rosa Salazar, directed by Robert Rodriguez, based on Yukito Kishiro's manga series Gunnm, which was world premiere at the Odeon Leicester Square in London on January 31, 2019 and released on February 14, 2019.
Johnson also co-starred Alexandra Daddario, Maddie Hasson, Amy Forsyth, Logan Miller and Austin Swift in the horror thriller film We Summon the Darkness as Mark, directed by Marc Meyers and written by Alan Trezza, which was premiered at Mammoth Film Festival on February 28, 2019, and was released in digital and on-demand in the United States on April 10, 2020, by Saban Films.
Johnson starred alongside Jaeden Martell, Alex Neustaedter and Kristine Froseth in the 2019 drama film Low Tide, directed by Kevin McMullin, which he played the lead role of Alan, which was premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 28, 2019 and was theatrically released on October 4, 2019.
Johnson played the role of Chief Aviation Radioman James Murray in the war film Midway directed by Roland Emmerich, which was released on November 8, 2019.
In 2020, Johnson played Rufus Kelly in the historical drama film Emperor stars Dayo Okeniyi, James Cromwell, Kat Graham, and Bruce Dern, directed by Mark Amin, which was released on August 18, 2020. On the same year, he appeared in the heist film Cut Throat City directed by RZA, which was released on August 21, 2020, by Well Go USA Entertainment.
Johnson starred in the romantic comedy-drama film by Bennett Lasseter titled The Ultimate Playlist of Noise with Madeline Brewer, which was released January 15, 2021.
Filmography
Film
Television
Awards and nominations
References
External links
21st-century American male actors
American male film actors
American male television actors
American people of British descent
American people of Chilean descent
Dancers from Colorado
Living people
Male actors from Boulder, Colorado
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Ingus Bankevics (born 18 April 1985) is a Latvian professional basketball player, who plays the small guard position for the English club Manchester Giants. He has previously played for Latvian national team.
Pro clubs
BK Gulbenes Buki
BK Valmiera
BK VEF Rīga
Stade Olympique Maritime Boulonnais
Saint-Chamond Basket
BC Pieno žvaigždės
Manchester Giants
External links
FIBA Europe Profile
1985 births
Living people
Latvian men's basketball players
People from Auce |
Jon Harlan Roberts is an American historian currently serving as the Tomorrow Foundation Professor of History at Boston University.
Education
BA, University of Missouri, 1969
MA, Harvard University, 1970
PhD, Harvard University, 1980
Selected publications
Darwinism and the Divine in America: Protestant Intellectuals and Organic Evolution, 1859-1900. (University of Wisconsin, 1988)
Science Without God?: Rethinking the History of Scientific Naturalism. (Oxford, 2018)
The Sacred and the Secular University. (Princeton University, 2021)
References
External links
Curriculum vitae
21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
American historians of science
Boston University faculty
Living people
Harvard University alumni
Harvard University faculty
Historians of Christianity
Historians of the United States
Intellectual historians
University of Missouri alumni
University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
American male non-fiction writers |
Pyrenophora chaetomioides is a plant pathogen that affects oats.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
chaetomioides
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Oats diseases
Fungi described in 1891 |
Rafael Paullier (born 24 February 1932) is a Uruguayan equestrian. He competed in two events at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1932 births
Possibly living people
Uruguayan male equestrians
Olympic equestrians for Uruguay
Equestrians at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Montevideo
20th-century Uruguayan people
21st-century Uruguayan people |
The 1958 Football Championship of UkrSSR were part of the 1958 Soviet republican football competitions in the Soviet Ukraine.
First group stage
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Group 5
Group 6
Group 7
Group 8
Group 9
Group 10
Second group stage
Group 1
Group 2
Final
Promotion play-off
FC Chornomorets Odesa – FC Mashynobudivnyk Kyiv 3:0 2:2
Promoted
Arsenal Kyiv, Avanhard Zhytomyr (6th in group 1), Avanhard Kryvyi Rih, Avanhard Ternopil (3rd in group 1), Shakhtar Horlivka (6th in group 10)
Ukrainian clubs at the All-Union level
The Ukrainian SSR was presented with 24 teams of masters (exhibition teams) at the All-Union level:
Group A: Dynamo Kyiv, Shakhtar Stalino
Group B: SKVO Odesa, Avanhard Mykolaiv, Spartak Kherson, Zirka Kirovohrad // SCCF Sevastopol, Metalurh Zaporizhia, Trudovi Rezervy Luhansk, Kolhospnyk Poltava, Metalurh Dnipropetrovsk, Avanhard Kharkiv, Kolhospnyk Cherkasy, Khimik Dniprodzerzhynsk, Avanhard Simferopol // SKVO Lviv, Lokomotyv Vinnytsia, Spartak Uzhhorod, Spartak Stanislav, SKVO Kyiv, Chornomorets Odesa, Kolhospnyk Rivno // Lokomotyv Stalino, Shakhtar Kadiivka
References
External links
1958. Football Championship of the UkrSSR (1958. Первенство УССР.) Luhansk Nash Futbol.
Group 1: ukr-football.org.ua
Group 2: ukr-football.org.ua
Group 3: ukr-football.org.ua
Group 4: ukr-football.org.ua
Group 5: ukr-football.org.ua
Group 6: ukr-football.org.ua
Final: ukr-football.org.ua
Ukraine
Championship
Football Championship of the Ukrainian SSR |
The Pakistan Rangers () are a pair of paramilitary federal law enforcement corps' in Pakistan. The two corps are the Punjab Rangers (operating in Punjab province with headquarters in Lahore) and the Sindh Rangers (operating in Sindh province with headquarters in Karachi). There is also a third corps headquarters in Islamabad but is only for units transferred from the other corps for duties in the federal capital. They are both part of the Civil Armed Forces. The corps' operate administratively under the Pakistan Army but under separate command structures and wear distinctly different uniforms. However, they are usually commanded by officers on secondment from the Pakistan Army. Their primary purpose is to secure and defend the approximately long border with neighbouring India. They are also often involved in major internal and external security operations with the regular Pakistani military and provide assistance to municipal and provincial police forces to maintain law and order against crime, terrorism and unrest. In addition, the Punjab Rangers, together with the Indian Border Security Force, participate in an elaborate flag lowering ceremony at the Wagah−Attari border crossing east of Lahore.
The mutually-recognized India–Pakistan international border is different from the disputed and heavily militarized Line of Control (LoC), where the Pakistani province of Punjab adjoins Jammu and Kashmir (a conflict territory between India and Pakistan) and the undisputed international border effectively ends. Consequently, the LoC is not managed by the paramilitary Punjab Rangers, but by the regular Pakistan Army.
As part of the paramilitary Civil Armed Forces, the Rangers can be transferred to full operational control of the Pakistan Army in wartime and whenever Article 245 of the Constitution of Pakistan is invoked to provide "military aid to civil power". An example of this is the Sindh Rangers being deployed in Karachi to tackle rising crime and terrorism. Although these deployments are officially temporary because the provincial and federal governments have to allocate policing powers to the corps, they have in effect become permanent because of repeated renewal of those powers.
History
The origins of the Pakistan Rangers go back to 1942, when the British government established a special unit in Sindh known as the Sindh Police Rifles (SPR) which was commanded by British Indian Army officers. The force was established to fight the rebellious groups in sindh as the British government was engaged in World War II. Headquarters of this force was established in Miani Lines Pacca Barrack, Hyderabad Cantonment.
After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the name of the force was changed from "Sindh Police Rifles" to "Sindh Police Rangers" and the protection of eastern boundaries with India was allotted to various temporary forces, such as the Punjab Border Police Force, Bahawalpur State Police, Khairpur State Police and Sindh Police Rangers.
Because the Rangers were neither correctly structured nor outfitted for a specific duty, on 7 October 1958 they were restructured and renamed to the West Pakistan Rangers. In 1972, following the independence of East Pakistan and Legal Framework Order No. 1970 by the Government of Pakistan, the force was officially renamed from the West Pakistan Rangers to the Pakistan Rangers and put under control of the Ministry of Defence with its headquarters at Lahore.
In 1974, the organization became part of the Civil Armed Forces under the Pakistani Ministry of Interior, where it has remained since.
In late 1989, due to growing riots and the worsening situation of law and order in the province of Sindh, a new force was raised for a strategic anti-dacoit operation. The paramilitary force operated under the name of the Mehran Force and consisted of the then-existing Sindh Rangers, three battalions of the Pakistan Army (including the Northern Scouts). The Mehran Force was under the direct command of the Director-General (DG) of the Pakistan Rangers with its nucleus headquarters in Karachi.
Following these series of events, the federal government decided to substantially increase the strength of the Pakistan Rangers and raise a separate, dedicated headquarters for them in the province of Sindh. On 1 July 1995 the Pakistan Rangers were bifurcated into two distinct forces, the Pakistan Rangers – Punjab (Punjab Rangers) and Pakistan Rangers – Sindh (Sindh Rangers). Consequently, the Mehran Force and other Pakistani paramilitary units operating in the province of Sindh were merged with and began to operate under the Sindh Rangers.
Wartime responsibilities
The West Pakistan Rangers fought alongside the Pakistan Army in several conflicts, namely the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. After the war in 1971 and subsequent independence of Bangladesh, the force was federalized under the Ministry of Defence as the Pakistan Rangers and shortly afterwards in 1974, it was made a component of the Civil Armed Forces (CAF) under the Ministry of Interior. Since then, the Pakistan Rangers are primarily responsible for guarding the border with neighbouring India during times of peace and war.
The Pakistan Rangers have participated in military exercises with the Pakistan Army's Special Service Group (SSG) and also assisted with military operations in the past since their revitalization and rebuilding after the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. The first such participation was in 1973, when they operated under the command of the SSG to raid the Iraqi embassy in Islamabad alongside local police. In 1992, the Sindh Rangers saw an extensive deployment throughout Karachi to keep peace in the city in support of the Government of Sindh. The Sindh Provincial Police and Pakistan Rangers were involved in Operation Blue Fox against the MQM with direction from the Pakistan Army. Due to their close association with the military, the Rangers also saw combat against regular Indian troops during the Kargil War of 1999 in Kashmir. In 2007, the Pakistan Rangers alongside regular Pakistani soldiers and SSG commandos participated in Operation Silence against Taliban forces in Islamabad. The conflict started when, after 18 months of tensions between government authorities and Islamist militants, Taliban terrorists attacked the Punjab Rangers guarding the nearby Ministry of Environment building and set it ablaze. Immediately following this event, they proceeded to attack a nearby Pakistani healthcare centre, kidnapping an abundance of Chinese nurses, and subsequently locked themselves inside the Red Mosque with hostages. Two years later, in 2009, the Rangers once again participated in a special military operation in Lahore alongside the SSG, when twelve terrorists operating for the Taliban attacked the Manawan Police Academy in Lahore. The operation ended with eight militants killed and four captured. Later that year, the Government of Pakistan deployed the Punjab Rangers to secure the outskirts of Islamabad when the Taliban had taken over the Buner, Lower Dir, Swat and Shangla districts. Following these incidents, the Rangers participated in the Pakistan Army's Operation Black Thunderstorm.
Role
Aside from the primary objective of guarding the border with India, the Rangers are also responsible for maintaining internal security in Pakistan and serve as a major law enforcement organization in the country. Despite this, they do not possess the power to make arrests like the regular police with the exception of when the state temporarily sanctions them with such an authority in times of extreme crisis. Their primary objective as an internal security force is to prevent and suppress crime by taking preventive security measures, cracking down on criminals and thwarting organized crime with the use of major force. All suspects apprehended by the Rangers during a crackdown are later handed over to police for further investigation and possible prosecution when the chaos is brought under control. The same privileges are also temporarily granted by the government to other security organizations such as the Frontier Corps for the same reasons.
The Rangers are also tasked with securing important monuments and guarding national assets in all major cities, including Islamabad.
In the past, they have also served as prison guards for high-profile terrorists until they were withdrawn from such duties.
The Rangers have notably contributed towards maintaining law and order in Islamabad, Karachi and Lahore in major crises. Due to the developing internal instability in Pakistan, the Rangers have become an extremely necessary force to maintain order throughout the provinces of Sindh and Punjab.
Ranks
Gallery
See also
United Nations peacekeeping missions involving Pakistan
Civil Armed Forces
National Guard (Pakistan)
Pakistan Levies
References
External links
Official Web Portal of Pakistan Rangers (Sindh)
Pakistan Rangers (Punjab) "Under Construction"
Pakistan Rangers (Punjab)
The Pakistan Rangers Ordinance, 1959 (W.P. Ordinance XIV of 1959)
Military in Sindh
Military in Punjab, Pakistan
1942 establishments in British India
1959 establishments in Pakistan
Government agencies established in 1942 |
Patrick Mark Denis Compton (born 28 November 1952) is a South African journalist and retired cricketer.
Background
He played for Middlesex 2nd XI against Sussex 2nd XI as a batsman in 1968. He later played for Natal in three first-class matches in the Howa Bowl in 1979/1980. He scored 97 runs (average 19.40) with a personal best of 52.
The second son of the cricketer and footballer Denis Compton (through his second marriage), he was brought up with his younger brother Richard by their mother Valerie in South Africa.
His son, Ben, is a Kent cricketer who formerly represented Nottinghamshire.
Patrick Compton is also one of the leading cricket writers in South Africa, having worked for the Independent group in Durban for many years.
References
1952 births
Living people
KwaZulu-Natal cricketers
South African cricketers
South African people of English descent |
Caballeronia sordidicola is a species of bacteria which has been reported to perform biological nitrogen fixation and promote plant growth
References
Burkholderiaceae
Bacteria described in 2003 |
The men's long jump event at the 2009 Summer Universiade was held on 11–12 July.
Medalists
Results
Qualification
Qualification: 7.85 m (Q) or at least 12 best (q) qualified for the final.
Final
References
Results (archived)
Long
2009 |
```c++
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
the Free Software Foundation
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. */
// DlgAutTexturize.cpp : implementation file
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "WorldEditor.h"
#include "DlgAutTexturize.h"
#ifdef _DEBUG
#undef new
#define new DEBUG_NEW
#undef THIS_FILE
static char THIS_FILE[] = __FILE__;
#endif
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CDlgAutTexturize dialog
CDlgAutTexturize::CDlgAutTexturize(CWnd* pParent /*=NULL*/)
: CDialog(CDlgAutTexturize::IDD, pParent)
{
//{{AFX_DATA_INIT(CDlgAutTexturize)
m_bExpandEdges = FALSE;
//}}AFX_DATA_INIT
m_pixWidth=1;
m_pixHeight=1;
}
void CDlgAutTexturize::DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX)
{
// if dialog is receiving data
if( pDX->m_bSaveAndValidate == FALSE)
{
CWorldEditorDoc* pDoc = theApp.GetActiveDocument();
COLOR colOld=pDoc->m_woWorld.wo_colBackground;
colOld=AfxGetApp()->GetProfileInt( L"World editor", L"Pretender bcg color", colOld);
m_bExpandEdges=TRUE;
m_bExpandEdges=AfxGetApp()->GetProfileInt( L"World editor", L"Auto expand edges", m_bExpandEdges);
m_colBcg.SetColor(colOld);
m_colBcg.SetPickerType( CColoredButton::PT_MFC);
}
CDialog::DoDataExchange(pDX);
//{{AFX_DATA_MAP(CDlgAutTexturize)
DDX_Control(pDX, IDC_PRETENDER_TEXTURE_STYLE, m_ctrlPretenderTextureStyle);
DDX_Control(pDX, ID_SECTOR_COLOR, m_colBcg);
DDX_Control(pDX, IDC_PRETENDER_TEXTURE_SIZE, m_ctrPretenderTextureSize);
DDX_Check(pDX, IDC_EXPAND_EDGES, m_bExpandEdges);
//}}AFX_DATA_MAP
// if dialog gives data
if( pDX->m_bSaveAndValidate != FALSE)
{
INDEX iSelected=m_ctrPretenderTextureSize.GetCurSel();
if( iSelected==CB_ERR) return;
m_pixWidth=1<<iSelected;
m_pixHeight=1<<iSelected;
COLOR colResult=m_colBcg.GetColor();
AfxGetApp()->WriteProfileInt( L"World editor", L"Pretender bcg color", m_colBcg.GetColor());
AfxGetApp()->WriteProfileInt( L"World editor", L"Pretender resolution", iSelected);
AfxGetApp()->WriteProfileInt( L"World editor", L"Auto expand edges", m_bExpandEdges);
m_iPretenderStyle=m_ctrlPretenderTextureStyle.GetCurSel();
AfxGetApp()->WriteProfileInt( L"World editor", L"Pretender style", m_iPretenderStyle);
}
}
BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CDlgAutTexturize, CDialog)
//{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CDlgAutTexturize)
//}}AFX_MSG_MAP
END_MESSAGE_MAP()
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CDlgAutTexturize message handlers
BOOL CDlgAutTexturize::OnInitDialog()
{
CDialog::OnInitDialog();
m_ctrPretenderTextureSize.ResetContent();
// add all available frictions
for(INDEX iW=0; iW<10; iW++)
{
CTString strSize;
strSize.PrintF("%dx%d pixels", 1<<iW, 1<<iW);
m_ctrPretenderTextureSize.AddString( CString(strSize));
}
INDEX iSelected=6;
iSelected=AfxGetApp()->GetProfileInt( L"World editor", L"Pretender resolution", iSelected);
m_ctrPretenderTextureSize.SetCurSel(iSelected);
m_ctrlPretenderTextureStyle.ResetContent();
m_ctrlPretenderTextureStyle.AddString( L"Front view only");
m_ctrlPretenderTextureStyle.AddString( L"Cylindrical view (FRBL)");
m_ctrlPretenderTextureStyle.AddString( L"Boxed view (FRBLUD)");
iSelected=1;
iSelected=AfxGetApp()->GetProfileInt( L"World editor", L"Pretender style", iSelected);
m_ctrlPretenderTextureStyle.SetCurSel(iSelected);
return TRUE;
}
``` |
The Bowl Championship Series (BCS) is a selection system that began in the 1998 season. It creates match-ups in five bowl games between ten of the top ranked teams in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), including the BCS National Championship Game. These are relevant team and individual statistics of BCS games and ranking system.
BCS National Championship Game Statistics
The team leading at halftime is 13–0 in BCS National Championship Games. (In the 2009 game, Florida and Oklahoma were tied at halftime.)
Fourteen Heisman Trophy winners have appeared in BCS Bowl Games, with twelve competing for the national championship. (Eleven appeared in the year that they won). Two Heisman Trophy winners have appeared in two BCS bowl games (Jason White in 2004 and 2005, and Matt Leinart in 2005 and 2006). Their teams have gone 6–8 in those games.
BCS Regular Season Record Statistics
While numerous teams have gone undefeated and appeared in a BCS bowl game, the 1999 Florida State team was the first team ranked No. 1 in the preseason Associated Press Poll to go undefeated and win the National Championship. USC was also ranked No.1 in preseason and went on to win the National Championship, but that championship was vacated due to rules violations by the school. No team has won a BCS title ranked No. 3 or No. 4 in preseason.
Only one team not ranked in the AP Top 20 in preseason has ever gone on to win a BCS National Championship. In 2010, The Auburn Tigers began the year ranked No. 22 in the nation. They were also the first team outside of the top 10 since 1990 to even clinch a share of the title.
The worst record for any team to qualify for a BCS bowl berth are the 2012 Wisconsin Badgers at 8–5. Five 8-4 teams have earned a BCS bowl berth: Syracuse in 1998, Stanford in 1999, Purdue in 2000, Pittsburgh in 2004, and The University of Connecticut in 2010. Those five teams lost their BCS Bowl game.
References
Bowl Championship Series |
New taxa
Research
A study on changes of the skeletal anatomy of the pelvic and pectoral appendages during the transition from fins to limbs in vertebrate evolution, as indicated by data from fossil lobe-finned fishes and early tetrapods, is published by Esteve-Altava et al. (2019).
An outline of a new interpretative scenario for the origin of tetrapods, based on data from tetrapod body fossils and from putative tetrapod trace fossils from Poland and Ireland that predate earliest tetrapod body fossils, is presented by Ahlberg (2019).
A historical review of the fossil record of Devonian tetrapods and basal tetrapodomorphs from East Gondwana (Australasia, Antarctica) is published by Long, Clement & Choo (2019).
A study on the macroevolutionary dynamics of shape changes in the humeri of all major grades and clades of early tetrapods and their fish-like forerunners is published by Ruta et al. (2019).
A study on the phylogenetic relationships of early tetrapods is published by Marjanović & Laurin (2019).
A study on the anatomy of the palate and neurocranium of Whatcheeria deltae is published by Bolt & Lombard (2019).
A study on the morphology of the postcranial skeleton of Crassigyrinus scoticus is published by Herbst & Hutchinson (2019).
Herbst et al. (2019) report new evidence of bone healing in the hindlimbs of Crassigyrinus scoticus and Eoherpeton watsoni, and evaluate the implications of these findings for the knowledge of the evolution of bone healing mechanisms in early tetrapods.
Description of a new specimen of Oestocephalus from Five Points, Ohio, preserving much of the posterior braincase, is published by Pardo, Holmes & Anderson (2019), who also evaluate the implications of this specimen for inferring the phylogenetic placement of aïstopods.
A study on the holotype specimen of Acherontiscus caledoniae is published by Clack et al. (2019), who consider this taxon to be the earliest known heterodont and durophagous tetrapod.
A limb bone and a possible ilium on an early tetrapod are described from the Carboniferous (Bashkirian) Clare Shale Formation (Ireland) by Doyle & Ó Gogáin (2019), representing the oldest stratigraphically weill-constrained tetrapod skeletal fossil material from Ireland reported so far.
Description of fossils of embolomeres collected in 1915 by Walter A. Bell from the Mississippian-aged Point Edward Formation (Nova Scotia, Canada) is published online by Adams, Mann & Maddin (2019).
A study on patterns of shape and size changes of the orbits and vacuities in the skulls of temnospondyls and other early tetrapods is published by Witzmann & Ruta (2019).
A study evaluating whether the intraspecific integration of morphological traits significantly affected the evolution of the skull roof of temnospondyls over geological time is published by Pérez-Ben & Gómez (2019).
A study on patterns of ontogenetic allometry in the skull roof of temponspondyls, and on their relationship with adult morphological evolution, is published online by Pérez-Ben, Báez & Schoch (2019).
Tracks produced by an edopoid temnospondyl are described from the Carboniferous (Viséan) Alston Formation (North Yorkshire, United Kingdom) by Bird et al. (2019), representing the stratigraphically oldest known tetrapod trackway from the United Kingdom reported so far and the oldest known record of Edopoidea.
A study on the structure of stapes of Edops craigi is published by Schoch (2019).
A fragment of a skull roof of a possible basal dvinosaur is described from the Carboniferous (Viséan) Ortelsdorf Formation (Germany) by Werneburg, Witzmann & Schneider (2019), representing the oldest known tetrapod record in Germany and, together with Balanerpeton, the oldest temnospondyl reported so far.
A study on the evolution of the braincase anatomy of dissorophoid temnospondyls, and on its implications for the knowledge of the evolution of the lissamphibian braincase, is published by Atkins, Reisz & Maddin (2019).
Description of new fossil material of dissorophoid temnospondyls from the early Permian locality of Richards Spur (Oklahoma, United States) is published by Gee, Bevitt & Reisz (2019).
Complete skull and mandibles of a small-bodied trematopid of uncertain phylogenetic placement, most closely resembling members of the genus Acheloma, is described from the Early Permian karst deposits near Richards Spur (Oklahoma, United States) by Gee, Bevitt & Reisz (2019), who also evaluate the implications of this specimen for the knowledge of trematopid ontogeny and taxonomy.
A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Nanobamus macrorhinus is published online by Gee & Reisz (2019).
A study on the phylogenetic relationships of stereospondylomorph temnospondyls is published by Eltink, Schoch & Langer (2019), who name a new clade Superstes.
Rediscovery of the original type specimen of Sclerocephalus haeuseri is reported by Schoch, Ebert & Robert (2019).
A humerus of a member or a relative of the genus Cyclotosaurus is described from Rhaetian sediments of Exter Formation (Germany) by Konietzko-Meier et al. (2019), representing the geologically youngest record of a non-brachyopoid temnospondyl reported so far.
A study on the palaeobiology and lifestyle adaptations of Cherninia denwai and Paracyclotosaurus crookshanki, as indicated by limb bone anatomy and histology, is published online by Mukherjee, Sengupta & Rakshit (2019).
Redescription of the Angusaurus, based on a new specimen providing new information of the skull anatomy of this taxon, is published by Fernández-Coll et al. (2019).
A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Trematosaurus brauni is published by Schoch (2019).
A study on the morphology of the mandibular sutures in Metoposaurus krasiejowensis, using histological thin sections, is published by Gruntmejer et al. (2019).
Redescription of holotypes of metoposaurid species Anaschisma browni and A. brachygnatha is published online by Gee, Parker & Marsh (2019), who consider Anaschisma brachygnatha and Koskinonodon perfectus to be junior synonyms of Anaschisma browni.
A study on the biomechanical role of sutures in the skull of Metoposaurus krasiejowensis is published by Gruntmejer et al. (2019).
A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of "Metoposaurus" azerouali is published by Buffa, Jalil & Steyer (2019), who transfer this species to the genus Arganasaurus.
A revision of Triassic temnospondyl fossil material from the Folakara area of Madagascar (Isalo Group, Morondava Basin), including fossils attributed to the species "Metoposaurus" hoffmani, is published by Fortuny et al. (2019).
A study on the age of the fossils of Siderops kehli is published by Todd et al. (2019).
A study on long bone histology of specimens of the cryptobranchid species Eoscapherpeton asiaticum of different age is published by Skutschas et al. (2019).
Fossils of members of Salientia, possibly more closely related to crown-group Anura than to Early Triassic taxa Triadobatrachus and Czatkobatrachus, are described from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation (Arizona, United States) by Stocker et al. (2019), representing both the first Late Triassic and the earliest equatorial record of Salientia.
A study on the two‐dimensional morphology of extant and fossil anuran skulls, evaluating whether phylogeny, development or ecology is a greater influence on anuran skull morphology, and quantifying how anuran skull morphology changed through time, is published by Bardua, Evans & Goswami (2019).
A study on the ecomorphological diversity of the Early Cretaceous (Barremian) frogs from the Iberian Peninsula is published by Gómez & Lires (2019).
Redescription of the Cretaceous frog Wealdenbatrachus jucarensis is published by Báez & Gómez (2019).
A specimen of a frog Genibatrachus baoshanensis with a complete adult salamander belonging or related to the genus Nuominerpeton in its gut is described from the Lower Cretaceous Guanghua Formation (China) by Xing, Niu & Evans (2019).
Fossils of the painted frog Latonia gigantea are described from the Miocene of the Vallès-Penedès Basin (Spain) by Villa et al. (2019), representing the first known record of the species from the Iberian Peninsula.
Fossils of Latonia cf. gigantea are described from the early Miocene of Greece (representing the first record of the species from that country) by Georgalis et al. (2019), along with other amphibian and reptile fossils.
A study on the anatomy of the skull of Latonia seyfriedi is published by Syromyatnikova, Roček & van de Velde (2019), who consider Latonia gigantea to be a likely junior synonym of L. seyfriedi.
A study on the morphological diversification of pipimorph frogs and on the impact of ecological and developmental constraints on the evolution of the sacro-caudo-pelvic complex of pipid frogs, as indicated by data from extant and extinct taxa, is published by Gómez & Pérez-Ben (2019).
A neurocranium of a clawed frog is described from the Oligocene Nsungwe Formation (Tanzania) by Blackburn et al. (2019), providing the earliest evidence for the genus Xenopus in sub-Saharan Africa reported so far.
A study on the developmental stage, physical condition, health, behavior, death, and burial of an exceptionally well-preserved tadpole of a European spadefoot toad from the Miocene (Turolian) konservat-lagerstätte deposit near Tresjuncos (Province of Cuenca, Spain) is published by Talavera, Bustillo & Sanchiz (2019).
A redescription of Pelobates praefuscus from the Pliocene of Moldova is published by Syromyatnikova (2019), who considers this taxon to be a species distinct from Pelobates fuscus.
A revision of the fossil material attributed to members of the genus Ceratophrys is published by Nicoli (2019).
Four new, three-dimensionally preserved specimens of Discosauriscus pulcherrimus, providing new information on the anatomy of the skull of this species, are described from the Lower Permian lacustrine sediments of the Boskovice Basin (Czech Republic) by Klembara & Mikudíková (2019).
A study on the morphology of the skeleton of Keraterpeton is published by Milner (2019).
New fossil material of Llistrofus pricei, providing new information on the anatomy of this taxon, is described from Permian (Sakmarian) cave deposits of Richards Spur, Oklahoma by Gee et al. (2019), who interpret their findings as indicating that Hapsidopareion lepton is not synonymous with L. pricei.
A study on the anatomy of the postcranial skeleton of Carrolla craddocki is published by Mann, Olori & Maddin (2019).
A study aiming to determine plausible gaits of Orobates pabsti is published by Nyakatura et al. (2019).
A study on the anatomy of the inner ear of seymouriamorphs and diadectomorphs, and on its implications for the knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships of these groups, is published online by Klembara et al. (2019).
A study on the relationship between geographic range, climate and extinction risk throughout the evolutionary history of amphibians is published online by Tietje, Rödel & Schobben (2019).
References
2019 in paleontology
2010s in paleontology
2019 in science |
Vangadhra is a village and former Rajput non-salute princely state in Gujarat, western India.
History
Vangadhra was a petty princely state, in the Gohelwar prant of Kathiawar, comprising only the village, ruled by Gohel Rajput Chieftains.
It had a population of 582 in 1901, yielding a state revenue of 2,400 Rupees (1903-4, nearly all from land) and a paying a tribute of 104 Rupees, to the Gaekwar Baroda State and Junagadh State.
Sources and external links
Imperial Gazetteer, on dsal.uchicago.edu
Princely states of Gujarat |
Abigail Keats (born 11 November 1986) is a South African fashion designer.
Background
Abigail Keats attended Dainfern College in her teen years. Later she graduated top of her year from the SA London International School of fashion in 2007 and launched her first collection at Audi Fashion Week 2008 as part of the autumn/winter New Generation Designer show.
Since then she has also showed her collections at Joburg Fashion Week, Audi Fashion Week and Arise Africa Fashion week - AFI
Keats has also been invited to showcase in New York City, London and Miami, and has been selected as the "designer of the month" in South African Elle magazine (Elle Magazine, June 2008, Vol 13 No 3, Page 38) and the 'designer to watch' in Cosmopolitan magazine and 'featured designer' in life style magazine Ray.
Signature style
Keats signature style is best described as a sophisticated contemporary art form that plays with the paradox of masculine tailoring, while exaggerating a feminine figure. The focus throughout all her collections is embedded in exerting the power of a woman while magnifying the beauty and grace of her being and form. Her love for art, self-expression and creation is the inspiration on which all her collections are fashioned.
Snippets
April 2009, Miss FTV Grand Finale, finalists took to the stage and stunned audiences with elegant and fashionable designs created by well-known designers such as David Tlale, Abigail Keats, Earth Child and Heni.
June 2010, Keats was named by the Mail & Guardian newspaper as one of the top 200 Influential Young South Africans.
June 2010, Keats is selected by the South African Government to represent South Africa at the World Expo 2010 in Shanghai, China - A Grand Gathering of the World Cultures.
Gallery
References
External links
South African fashion designers
South African women fashion designers
Living people
1986 births
People from Durban |
Arthur LaRue Parker (November 16, 1885 – January 1, 1945) was an American businessman and inventor, known for founding Parker Hannifin Corporation (then known as Parker Appliance Company).
Early life and education
Parker was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio and graduated from Case School of Applied Science in 1907, present day Case Western Reserve University, with a degree in electrical engineering. As both a student and alumnus, Art strongly supported the Case's athletic programs, being a season ticket holder for both football and baseball and a member of the Case Athletic Association for many years.
Career
In 1908, Parker filed his first patent, a mechanism that regulated the speed of a generator to create a constant output of electricity. Throughout his entire career, he filed 160 additional patents. The primary patent giving Parker his entrepreneurial beginnings was filed in 1914 for his pneumatic braking system.
On March 13, 1917, Parker Appliance Company was founded, referencing the office address of 1115 Schofield Bldg of the Schofield Building in Downtown Cleveland. His first production facility was located at 2420 Superior Viaduct in the Ohio City neighborhood of Cleveland.
Early struggles caused him to have to stop and start the business. In 1924 the business was closed and reopened at the address of 10320 Berea Rd in Cleveland. In 1927, having invented and patented a tubing fitting that would not leak under high pressure, Parker convinced young aviator Charles Lindbergh, who was preparing to attempt a non-stop New York-to-Paris flight, to use Parker products in the fuel system of his plane, the Spirit of St. Louis. Lindbergh's successful flight resulted in a major boost in Parker's business fortunes.
In 1935, Parker relocated the company into the much larger building at 17325 Euclid Ave in Cleveland. By then, Parker's products had gained widespread acceptance in aircraft, marine and industrial applications and the future of his business was assured.
Death
Parker died of a heart attack on January 1, 1945, and was interred at Lake View Cemetery in Cleveland.
Legacy
After Parker's death, his widow, Helen Parker, put all of her $1 million life insurance policy payment back into the company, saving it from insolvency, to continue Art's life work to what would become the Fortune 500 company Parker Hannifin Corporation.
References
External links
1885 births
1945 deaths
American company founders
History of Cleveland
Businesspeople from Cleveland
Burials at Lake View Cemetery, Cleveland
Case Western Reserve University alumni
20th-century American businesspeople |
The legal principle of vicarious liability applies to hold one person liable for the actions of another when engaged in some form of joint or collective activity.
History
Before the emergence of states which could bear the high costs of maintaining national policing and impartial court systems, local communities operated self-help systems to keep the peace and to enforce contracts. Until the thirteenth century, one of the institutions that emerged was an involuntary collective responsibility for the actions committed by one of the group. This was formalised into the community responsibility system (CRS) which was enforced by a fear of loss of community reputation and of retaliation by the injured community if the appropriate compensation was not paid. In some countries where the political system supported it, collective responsibility was gradually phased out in favour of individual responsibility. In Germany and Italy, collective systems were in operation as late as the sixteenth century.
While communities were relatively small and homogeneous, CRS could work well, but as populations increased and merchants began to trade across ever wider territories, the system failed to match the emerging societies' needs for more personal accountability and responsibility. In England, Henry I allowed London to opt out of the CRS and to appoint a sheriff and justices in 1133, and between 1225 and 1232, Henry III assured the merchants of Ypres that none of them "will be detained in England nor will they be partitions for another's debts".
Nevertheless, the idea of imposing liability on another despite a lack of culpability never really disappeared and courts have developed the principle that an employer can incur liability for the acts and omissions of an employee if committed by the employee in the course of employment and if the employer has the right to control the way in which the employee carries out his or her duties (respondeat superior). The imposition of vicarious liability in these circumstances has been justified on the following grounds:
Exercise of control: If penalties are serious enough, it is assumed that rational employers will take steps to ensure that employees avoid injuring third parties. On the other hand, rational employers may choose to rely on independent contractors for risky operations and processes.
Risk spreading: Many consider it socially preferable to impose the cost of an action on a person connected to it, even if a degree removed, rather than on the person who suffered injury or loss. This principle is also sometimes known as the "deep pocket" justification.
Internalizing the social costs of activities: The employer usually (though not always) passes on the cost of compensating injury or loss to the customers and clients. As a result, the private cost of the product or service will better reflect its social cost.
These justifications may work against one another. For example, insurance will increase the ability to do risk spreading, but will reduce incentives for the exercise of control.
Modern vicarious liability
The general rule in criminal law is that there is no vicarious liability. This reflects the general principle that crime is composed of both an actus reus (the Latin tag for "guilty act") and a mens rea (the Latin tag for "guilty mind") and that a person should only be convicted if they are directly responsible for causing both elements to occur at the same time (see concurrence). Thus, the practice of holding one person liable for the actions of another is the exception and not the rule in criminal law.
Vicarious liability in English law
The primary exception arises through statutory interpretation where the verb used to define the action in the actus reus is both the physical action of the employee and the legal action of the employer. For example, the activity of "driving" is purely a physical activity performed by the person behind the wheel. But when a cashier takes money as payment for goods, this is only the physical activity of selling. For goods to be sold, the owner of the goods must pass legal title to those goods. In default, the customer would commit the actus reus of theft. So the owner sells the goods at the same time that the employee takes the money. Similarly, only the holder of rights can grant a licence to another or permit another to do something that would otherwise have been unlawful. The verbs "possess", "control" and use may also have dual relevance depending on the context. Many of these are strict liability or regulatory offences, but the principle has been used to impose liability on a wide range of activities undertaken in a business or commercial environment.
Vicarious liability in the United States
This is generally applied to crimes that do not require criminal intent, e.g., those that affect the public welfare but which do not require the imposition of a prison term. The principle is that in such cases, the public interest is more important than private interest, and so the vicarious liability is imposed to deter or to create incentives for employers to impose stricter rules and supervise more closely. In Commonwealth v. Koczwara, the defendant was the licensed operator of a tavern which was found to have supplied minors with alcohol. The offence became one of strict or absolute liability when applied vicariously because of the need to protect weak and vulnerable members of society, and the omission of words such as "knowingly", "willfully" or "intentionally" in some of the offences indicated a legislative intent to permit this eventuality. In Staples v United States, the defendant was initially convicted of being in possession of an unregistered machine gun. It was a rifle that had been modified for rapid fire, thereby putting it in violation of the National Firearms Act. The Supreme Court reversed and remanded the case. The majority held that the defendant needed actual knowledge about the nature of his weapon in order for him to be convicted. The dissenting opinion states that it was irrelevant that he did not know about the modification because statutes regulating dangerous weapons are public welfare statutes and can be interpreted to exclude the mens rea requirement of knowledge. Hence, as long as defendants know that they are dealing with a dangerous product or device that places them in a responsible relationship to the public, they should recognize that strict regulations are more likely and assume that the United States Congress would intend to place the burden on the defendant to ascertain at his peril whether his conduct comes within the inhibition of the statute.
The courts generally convict employers for the illegal conduct of their employees even though the employers had no knowledge and so were not at fault. But in State v. Guminga where a waitress served alcohol to a minor, the court found that the conviction of her employer violated the Due Process Clause and so was not constitutional under Minnesota law. Consequently, the defendant should only be given civil not criminal penalties. It is noted that this prohibition had been in force since 1905, which had given the legislature many years in which to reform the law. The majority rejected the argument of implied legislative intent. The issue of constitutionality in the form of a substantive due process clause requires a balancing of public interests and personal liberty. Although a statute making employers vicariously liable for their employee’s actions may serve the public interest by providing deterrence, the private interests affected (i.e. liberty, damaged reputation, etc.) outweigh the public interests, especially when there are alternative means to reach the same end of deterrence, say by civil fines or license suspension.
See also
Amnesty law
Command responsibility
Criminal law
Universal jurisdiction
Footnotes
References
Greif, Avner. (1993). Contract Enforceability and Economic Institutions in Early Trade: The Maghribi Traders' Coalition, American Economic Review, 83:3, pp. 525–48.
Greif, Avner. (1994). Cultural Beliefs and the Organization of Society: A Historical and Theoretical Reflection on Collectivist and Individualist Societies. Journal of Political Economy, 102:5, pp. 912–50.
Greif, Avner. (2003). Institutions and Impersonal Exchange: The European Experience. Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research Discussion Paper No. 03-29.
Harbord, David. (2006). Enforcing Cooperation Among Medieval Merchants: The Maghribi Traders Revisited. SSRN Working Paper Series: Economic History Research Network.
Criminal law
Elements of crime
Public liability |
Anlaby is a village forming part of the western suburbs of Kingston upon Hull, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It forms part of the civil parish of Anlaby with Anlaby Common.
History
Anlaby is recorded in the Domesday Book as "Umlouebi" or "Unlouebi", a habitation within the manor of North Ferriby which was of 19 persons including a priest. The name is thought to derive from the Old Norse personal name Óláfr (or Unlaf, Anlaf) and by meaning 'farmstead': "Anlaf's village". By the beginning of the 13th century the village was known by the spelling "Anlauebi".
Shortly after the establishment of Kingston upon Hull by Edward I, a road from Hull to Anlaby was constructed in 1302.
In 1392 some inhabitants of Anlaby, Cottingham and 'Woolferton' rioted over the construction of canals supplying water from sources near their villages to Kingston upon Hull; approximately 1,000 are said to have laid siege unsuccessfully to Hull, and some of the ringleaders are said to have been hanged at York. Disputes over Hull's water supply continued until the 1410s, with the villages fouling the freshwater supply, and filling in the channels. In 1413 an admonitory letter from the Pope was issued, urging the villages to desist from their erroneous ways, after which the nuisance ceased.
A moated square structure, Moat Hill, , with an moat, on the western edge of the village is thought to have been constructed in the 14th century, and to have included a manor house.
During the English Civil War Anlaby was used as a base by Royalist forces, and fighting took place at Anlaby during the relief of the first siege of Hull (1642), and during the second siege (1643), during which an attack on the Royalists was repulsed.
Anlaby Hall was constructed around 1680, and extended in the early 18th century with modifications in the 19th century. Anlaby House was built in the late 18th century, and extended in the 19th.
In the 1850s the small hamlet of Anlaby contained few dwellings in addition to Anlaby Hall and House, and was set in an entirely rural and parkland environment. Wesleyan (built ) and Primitive Methodist Chapels had also been established by this time, and the area was considered a very desirable dwelling place.
The Anglican church of St Peter was built in 1865 to a design by William Kerby at a cost of £1,558. It was enlarged in 1885, and is mostly of brick in the decorated style, In 1885 the Hull and Barnsley Railway was constructed, running east–west one-third of a mile (500 m) to the north of the village. Between the 1890s and the 1930s little development took place, although a row of a terraced houses along Wolfreton Road north towards the hamlet of Wolfreton was built. Springhead Halt railway station on the Hull and Barnsley Railway opened in 1929 (closed 1955) serving the village, as part of a high frequency urban service.
Suburban housing developments began in the 1930s, and by the 1950s housing extended continuously along the roads to Willerby and Kirk Ella. Additionally, short lived housing estates were constructed on the fringes of the village during the Second World War: Lowfield Camp, and Tranby Crofts, an estate east of Tranby Croft. Lowfield Camp was used to house people from Hull displaced by the Hull Blitz, and later used as a transit camp for the British Army of the Rhine. The Tranby Crofts estate was still extant in the 1960s.
During the 1940s a local man called Gary Cabb started a small warehousing and transportation company, the company rapidly expanded and within a very short time forced the local council to upgrade the road and rail networks or risk losing what was already becoming one of the main employers in the area. The decision to improve the transportation links during this period in now accredited with turning this small town into the thriving metropolis it is now.
Substantial development took place in the post war period. By the 1960s urban sprawl had extended between Anlaby, Willerby and Kirk Ella, and towards the western fringes of housing developments on the former Anlaby Common which had become contiguous with Kingston upon Hull. During the 1960s light industrial development began on the north side of Springfield Way.
Urban housing expansion of Anlaby was practically complete by the 1970s, including development on the ancient Moat Hill. Industrial development along Springfield Way was completed, including that on part of the embankment of the former Hull and Barnsley Line that had closed in the 1960s. In the early 1970s the Haltemprice sport centre was constructed north-west of the original village centre; subsequently the pattern of development remained fundamentally unchanged to the present day (2010).
Geography
The village is bordered by and contiguous with Willerby and Kirk Ella to the north and west; the dismantled Hull and Barnsley Railway forms a partial barrier with Willerby. To the east are suburbs of Hull, including Anlaby Park, separated by limited green space, mainly playing fields. Hessle is over to the south, separated by agricultural fields. The B1231 (Springfield Way) passes through the village. The village and surrounding area is situated on level land at approximately above sea level.
Facilities
The area is primarily residential, with industrial and commercial premises on Springfield Way. A new shopping development 'Anlaby Retail Park' opened in 2010, replacing late 20th century light industrial development; the new retail park is directly east of a large Morrison's supermarket (1993, rebuilt and expanded 2003). Anlaby Retail Park is home to a Marks and Spencer supermarket, Pets at Home, Costa Coffee, Next, Argos and Asda Living.
Anlaby Primary School is located on the eastern fringe of the village. In the village centre, there is a Sainsbury's Local, Cooplands and many other shops.
Hull Collegiate School is a private school situated on the outskirts of Anlaby providing education from Kindergarten through to Sixth Form.
References
External links
Villages in the East Riding of Yorkshire |
The top tier in English football today is the Premier League, replacing the Football League First Division for the 1992–93 inaugural season. Since the 1888–89 season, the first year of top flight football, 110 different individual players have been named top scorer. Players from Tottenham Hotspur have been named top scorer more than players from any other club, appearing thirteen times on this list. Jimmy Greaves, the all-time top goal scorer in top flight history, won it four times whilst at Tottenham. Nineteen different nationalities are represented and although the vast majority of players are English, there were sixteen times where the top scorer in the First Division was Scottish. Since the Premier League started, the player (or players) is awarded the Golden Boot Trophy, for the most league goals in the season. In the Premier League era, Thierry Henry has won the Golden Boot more times than anyone else, winning this accolade four times, all with Arsenal. Wayne Rooney, the Premier League's third highest goal scorer, does not appear on this list at all.
Once a rarity, a more widespread assortment of nationalities has achieved this success in recent years; in the 2018–19 season, it was shared between three players from different African countries, then in the 2021–22 season, Son Heung-min from South Korea finished level with Egypt's Mohamed Salah. Sergio Agüero won the award once, scoring 26 in the 2014–15 season. The Argentinian striker scored 184 goals between 2011 and 2021 to become the top foreign top flight goal scorer.
Since the turn of the millennium only three Englishmen have won the award. In the 1999–2000 season Kevin Phillips won with 30 goals for Sunderland. This was a record for most goals by a debut player, in a 38 match season, until Erling Haaland broke it in the 2022–23 season. Harry Kane won the golden boot in successive seasons when he scored 25 in 2015–16 and then 29 in the 2016–17 season. He won it again in the 2020–21 season with 23. The third is Jamie Vardy; the Leicester City striker scored 23 goals in the 2019–20 season. Everton striker Dixie Dean holds the record for most goals scored in a single season, with 60 goals in the 1927–28 season. Dean's 310 goals scored for Everton is still the record for most goals scored for one club, and Dean also still holds the records for most hat-tricks, overall and in a single season.
Top scorers
By season
On six occasions Jimmy Greaves was the league top scorer: twice with Chelsea and later four with Tottenham Hotspur; however, Steve Bloomer with five holds the record for one team. Thierry Henry is the record Premier League winner with four. Gary Lineker has won the honour three times, all with different clubs, the only player to do so.
In the 1951–52 season, Chile international Jorge 'George' Robledo became the first foreign player to score the most goals in a season, topping the list with 33 goals for Newcastle United. He stood alone on this list for 47 years. For two consecutive years the award was won by the lowest total of goals ever, 18. Englishmen Michael Owen, Dion Dublin and Chris Sutton won in the 1997–98 season. Owen again won in the 1998–99 season, but this time he was joined by Dutchman Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink and Dwight Yorke, Trinidad and Tobago, the duo becoming the first foreign, league top scorers since Robledo. During this period however, two Republic of Ireland internationals, winger Andy McEvoy and striker John Aldridge, topped the scoring charts. McEvoy shared the most goals with Jimmy Greaves in the 1964–65 season while Aldridge top scored for Liverpool in the 1987–88 season. Both players, although non-British, do not appear on the top foreign goalscorers list published by the IFFHS as well as many other reputable football websites. Didier Drogba (Ivory Coast) became the first African to win the award in 2006–07 season and later Carlos Tevez, Luis Suárez and Sergio Agüero would add to the South American winners. In 2018–19, two players from the same club both finished as top scorers for the first time, Sadio Mané, Senegal, and Mohamed Salah, Egypt, of Liverpool. finished in another three way tie, joined by Pierre Emerick Aubameyang, Gabon. The 2021–22 season saw Son Heung-min become the first Asian winner; the South Korean international scored 23 goals, finishing level with Mohamed Salah.
From the start of the Premier League, a golden boot trophy is presented to the top goalscorer. The first player to win this trophy was Teddy Sheringham, then playing for Tottenham Hotspur. In the 1993–94 season Andy Cole scored 34 goals for Newcastle United, the highest number of goals in the Premier League era to win the award. The following season Alan Shearer equalled it while playing for Blackburn Rovers. Both these records however, were set during a 42 match season. Since the Premier League was reduced down to 20 teams, Mohamed Salah held the record previously with 32 in a 38 match season for Liverpool until Norwegian striker Erling Haaland scored his 33rd goal for Manchester City in the 2022–23 season. Haaland's next goal saw him break the record of most goals scored in a season by a foreign player, ending Robledo's 71-year-old record. Haaland finished the season with 36 goals, the highest goal amount since Ron Davies scored 37 for Southampton fifty-six years ago. However all these totals are dwarfed by the all time record holder, Everton legend Dixie Dean, who still holds the record for the most goals in a season with 60, set in the 1927–28 season.
By number of seasons as top scorer
Bold shows players currently playing in the Premier League.
Italics show players still playing professional football.
By club
Coventry City and Stoke City are the only clubs with top league scorers whose teams have never finished in the top three.
By nationality
Top 50 all-time top scorers
The Football League Division One from 1888 through to the end of the 1991–92 season and now the Premier League, make up the top tier in English football. During these 135 years three players have scored over 300 goals, with another 25 scoring over 200 goals. A further three players were a goal shy, finishing on 199 goals. The first was Sheffield Wednesday's Andrew Wilson whose career was interrupted by World War I but went onto make 501 appearances. In the mid-sixties, Bobby Smith retired after scoring 23 in 74 for Chelsea and 176 in 271 for Tottenham, and finally ten years later, England legend Sir Bobby Charlton, left Manchester United after making 606 appearances.
Derby County forward Steve Bloomer was the first player to score over 300 goals, his record of 314 stood for over half a century. In 14 years, he scored 240 goals in 376 matches in his first stint at Derby County before moving to Middlesbrough where he scored 59 in 125 games for the Boro. After five years on Teesside, he returned to Derby who were in the second division then. He spent two years in the second division scoring 38 goals before the Rams won promotion. In his final two seasons he scored a further 15 goals in 34 matches, a total of 255 in 410 appearances for Derby County. Everton striker Dixie Dean came very close to breaking the record, he scored 349 league goals all for Everton, however 39 were scored in the second division, leaving him 4 goals behind. Bloomers' achievement was finally surpassed when Jimmy Greaves broke the record scoring 357 goals, playing for Chelsea, Tottenham Hotspur and West Ham United. For Chelsea he scored 124 goals in 157 appearances, only Frank Lampard 147, Roy Bentley 130, and Bobby Tambling 129 have scored more top flight goals for Chelsea. Greaves moved on to Tottenham Hotspur where, to this day, remains Tottenham's top league goalscorer after scoring 220 goals in 321 appearances. His top flight career ended at West Ham United, where he scored 13 in 38 matches.
In the Premier League era, Alan Shearer sits top, but even with his full tally of 283 goals, he is still left trailing. Four more "modern day" players, who have played in the Premier League make the list, Wayne Rooney, the third highest Premier League goalscorer with 208 goals for Everton and Manchester United, is 22nd. Liverpool legend Ian Rush is the 14th highest scorer in the history of top flight football, but his Premier League tally is only 48 goals, ranking him 132nd. Another player to lose goals is Tony Cottee, who sits in 18th place. His last 78 goals gives him a current PL ranking of 59. Apart from these three, a further 20 players, who have scored 100 or more goals, have lesser totals. Ranked 44th, Lee Chapman scored 177 goals, the same as Frank Lampard and two more than Thierry Henry, but his last 23 goals sees him in 342nd place in the Premier League. Peter Beardsley and Matt Le Tissier (jointly ranked 71st), both scored 161 goals, 11 more than Michael Owen who is tenth on the PL list. Beardsley is in 89th position with 58 goals in the Premier League while a lack of centurions, assists Le Tissier's ranking. Losing 61 goals improves his overall position, ranked 34th in the Premier League with 100 goals.
Before moving to Bayern Munich in August 2023, the most recently active player in the Top 50 was ex-Tottenham Hotspur striker Harry Kane, whose goal tally is 213, ranking him second in the Premier League. Kane scored 30 goals last season to move above players such as Dennis Viollet, Ray Charnley who both had 190 goals, Peter Harris, who scored 192 goals for Portsmouth, Stan Mortensen who scored 197 goals for Blackpool, George Elliott who scored 198 goals for Middlesbrough and the three players mentioned above who all scored 199 goals. Kane, currently ranked 19th, became only the 28th player in 135 years of league football to join the elite 200 club.
First Division/Premier League top 50 goalscorers
As shown below in the player records, Lee Chapman holds the record of most top flight clubs scored for with 8. Andy Cole played for 8 clubs also, but only scored for 6. Marcus Bent is another player to play for 8 different top flight clubs, again only scoring for 6. Steve Claridge has played for sixteen different league clubs, but only with Leicester City has he played in the top division, scoring 12 in 49 appearances. A name that does not appear on the top scorer list is Arthur Rowley, the record holder for the most goals in league football, scoring 434 goals in 619 league games. Arthur's brother Jack Rowley scored 173 goals for Manchester United and is ranked 49th, shown above. Arthur however didn't play much top flight football in his career, but he did score 51 goals in 95 matches. In one season at Fulham he scored 8 in 34 appearances and then later hit 43 in 61 appearances over two seasons for Leicester City.
Clubs top scorer in top tier
The start of the Football League saw 12 teams become the founding members of the first ever league season in 1888–89. These were Accrington, Blackburn Rovers, Bolton Wanderers, Burnley, Everton, Preston North End, Aston Villa, Derby County, Notts County, Stoke City, West Bromwich Albion and Wolverhampton Wanderers. Since then a total of sixty five different clubs have played at the top level, with only three premier league players breaking club records set in the football league. Thierry Henry beat the 150 scored by Cliff Bastin for Arsenal. Roy Bentley who scored 130 goals for Chelsea was surpassed by Frank Lampard, while Sergio Aguero overtook the 147 Eric Brook scored for Manchester City. Matt Le Tissier scored in both the First Division and the Premier League to become Southampton's top scorer, exceeding the 134 goal record set by Welshman Ron Davies. The Premier League's top three goalscorers, who all have scored over 200 goals, fail to appear. Alan Shearer finished nine goals adrift of Blackburn's Ted Harper and finished two short of Geordie legend Jackie Milburn, while Wayne Rooney was sixteen short of Bobby Charlton's record. Harry Kane requires another 7 goals to break Jimmy Greaves Tottenham record. Crystal Palace are the only club whose top scorer is still currently playing, Wilfried Zaha so far has 68 goals to his name.
Glossop statistics currently unavailable.
Top five scorers by nationality
Many different nationalities have played in English top flight football throughout the years. The tables below show the top five highest scorers from their respective country. As shown in the list above, the top English and Scottish goal scorers can be seen.
Of the home nation countries, Premier League players are well short of the overall records. Northern Ireland's top Premier League scorer is Iain Dowie who scored 33 of his 57 goals in the Premier League. The top Welsh goal scorer is Ryan Giggs who scored 114 goals, 109 in the Premier League while Duncan Ferguson with 68 goals is the top Scottish goal scorer in the Premier League. All well short of the record totals by Derek Dougan, Ian Rush and Hughie Gallacher.
The Republic of Ireland top scorer is Jimmy Dunne who played for both versions of the Ireland team in the 1930s the Republic of Ireland and. The second is Robbie Keane, who scored all his 126 goals in the Premier League, but ended with 10 goals less than record holder Frank Stapleton. A different story with the rest of the world, made up predominately of Premier League players only. South American Jorge Robledo's record remains from the fifties, currently the joint third highest goalscorer. Craig Johnston has been overtaking by Premier League Oceanic players while Lindy Delapenha also, has lost his Caribbean record. However, South African duo Stuart Leary and Berry Nieuwenhuys records remain intact from decades ago. American Roy Wegerle has dropped to second in the United States and Canada scorers. The European and African top scorers are all from the Premier League era.
When Dwight Yorke scored a hat-trick for Manchester United against Leicester City, on Sunday 17 January 1999, he became the top foreign scorer. With this treble he moved onto 84 top-flight goals, surpassing the previous record of 82, set by Chilean Jorge Robledo in 1953. Later that year on Saturday 18 December 1999, Yorke scored twice for Manchester United in a 4-2 away win at West Ham United. His first goal that day saw him become the first foreign player to score 100 top flight goals. This was his 27th league goal for Manchester United, after scoring 73 previously for Aston Villa. As of the end of the 2022–23 season, his 136 goals ranks him as the fifth-highest foreign goalscorer, behind Sergio Agüero's 184, Thierry Henry's 175, Robin van Persie's 144 and Mohamed Salah's 144.
Bold shows players currently playing in the Premier League.
As of the end of the 2022–23 season.
Northern Ireland
Republic of Ireland
Wales
Europe (excluding UK & Republic of Ireland)
South America
Africa
Oceania
United States and Canada
Caribbean
South Africa
Central America
Asia
Excluded centurions
Former Leeds United legend Johnny Giles in a 2016 interview published in the Irish Independent states "What other sport wipes out 100 years of records and standards and decides that Alan Shearer was the first player to score 100 goals for two clubs when Jimmy Greaves did it decades before? In no other sport in England is there such a casual disregard and disrespect for the achievements of players who inhabit the archives..."
In the 135 year history of football in England, a total of 256 players have scored 100 or more goals in the top flight. Son Heung-min in the 2022–23 season became the latest player to reach a century of goals, all scored for Tottenham Hotspur. That figure includes the 34 players in the Premier League 100 club, leaving 222 players excluded from the records shown today, those centurions among the 104 years of history "wiped out".
Out of those 256 centurions, 24 players played either side of the 1992 rebranding of the top tier in English football. Seven of those players would be among the first players included in the premier league 100 club, those records easily available. The other seventeen players would be included among the neglected records. The records of those other 222 players who have all scored 100 or more goals, are not as easily, or readily available as the 34 players who have, since 1992. The tables below show the seventeen players who scored a century of top flight goals and the seven who have a lesser total, after the 1992 launch of the Premier League, never seen among the Premier League era records.
Matt Le Tissier, despite not having his first 61 goals for Southampton included, is ranked 34th in the Premier League. He scored the same number of goals as Peter Beardsley, however, his 100 goals he scored from 1992 places him in the Premier League records, where as Beardsley is among the 222 excluded centurions, not among any records shown on Sky Sports. The goal-scoring career of Manchester United stalwart Bryan Robson is very nearly entirely erased, the same with Alan Smith, the Leicester City and Arsenal striker. John Wark, the Ipswich Town and Liverpool midfielder scored 135 goals, which would make him the 14th highest goal scorer in the Premier League. The Scottish midfielder is ahead of Paul Scholes and Steven Gerrard while Robson would be sitting alongside Dion Dublin and Sadio Mané, just outside the top 20. Many other player records also fail to show their full career goal statistics because of the changeover. These include Manchester United forward Brian McClair who had 70 of his 88 goals deducted. Paul Goddard scored 82 goals but is shot down to only 3 while England midfielder Steve Hodge has 3 goals also, not his full 79. Gary Bannister also had 70 goals removed, 78 reduced to 8 goals. Former England left back Stuart Pearce is shown with 20 goals and not the 63 he scored, mostly at Nottingham Forest. David Platt does not have his 45 goals he scored for Aston Villa included, only the 13 he scored for Arsenal. Chris Waddle loses his entire career records for both Newcastle United and Tottenham Hotspur, his 10 goals for Sheffield Wednesday and his solitary Sunderland goal are all that's included.
17 players who all scored 100 or more goals, scoring in both Division 1 & Premier League
Total goals of players included in the Premier League 100 club
Player Records
All records listed below pertain to league matches played in Division 1 and/or the Premier League only.
Most goals: 357 - Jimmy Greaves in 516 matches for Chelsea, Tottenham Hotspur and West Ham United (1957-1971)
Most goals in a season:
42 matches – 60 Dixie Dean, Everton 1927–28
38 matches – 38 Bert Freeman, Everton 1908–09
Most goals in a debut season:
42 matches – 38 Dave Halliday, Sunderland 1925–26
38 matches – 36 Erling Haaland, Manchester City 2022–23
Most goals in a match: 7 Ted Drake for Arsenal v Aston Villa (away) 14 December 1935
Most hat-tricks: 30 Dixie Dean Everton 1923–1937
Most hat-tricks in one season: 8 Dixie Dean 1931-32
Youngest goalscorer: Jason Dozzell 16 years and 57 days for Ipswich Town v Coventry City, February 1984)
Youngest hat-trick goalscorer: Alan Shearer 17 years 240 days for Southampton v Arsenal April 8, 1988. (Trevor Francis 16 years and 317 days was in Division 2)
Oldest goalscorer: Billy Meredith, 47 years, 8 months, 17 days for Manchester City v Burnley April 15, 1922. Also FA Cup oldest goalscorer, aged 49.
Most consecutive league matches scored in: 15 Stan Mortensen, Blackpool 1950-51
Most clubs scored for: 8 Lee Chapman (Stoke City, Sheffield Wed. Leeds Utd, Arsenal, Sunderland, Nott'm Forest, West Ham Utd, Ipswich Town)
Consecutive hat-tricks: 3
Frank Osborne, Tottenham Hotspur 1925 v Liverpool, Leicester City, West Ham United
Tom Jennings, Leeds United 1926 v Arsenal, Liverpool (4), Blackburn Rovers
Dixie Dean, Everton 1927/28 1928/29 v Burnley (4), Arsenal, Bolton Wanderers (2 end of season,1 opening day of new season)
Jack Balmer, Liverpool 1946 v Portsmouth, Derby County (4), Arsenal
Most hat-tricks for one team in a match: 3 Alf Spouncer, Enoch West and Bill Hooper Nott'm Forest, in their record breaking 12–0 home win over Leicester City on April 21, 1909.
Most penalties scored: 56 Alan Shearer (from 67 taken for Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United, 1992–2006)
Most penalties scored in 1 season: 13 Francis Lee, Manchester City 1971–72
Hat-trick of penalties:
Billy Walker for Aston Villa v Bradford City in 1921.
Charlie Mitten for Manchester United v Aston Villa in 1950.
Ken Barnes for Manchester City v Everton in 1957.
Most own goals in one season: 5 Bobby Stuart (Middlesbrough 1934–35)
Fastest goal by a substitute: 6 seconds, Nicklas Bendtner for Arsenal v Tottenham Hotspur, 22 December 2007)
Most consecutive Top Scorer awards: 3
Jimmy Greaves (1963, 1964, 1965)
Alan Shearer (1995, 1996, 1997)
Thierry Henry (2004, 2005, 2006)
Most top scorer awards with different clubs: 3 Gary Lineker (Leicester City 1985, Everton 1986, Tottenham Hotspur 1990)
100 goals for two different clubs: 3
David Jack 1919–34 (Bolton Wanderers 144 – Arsenal 113)
Jimmy Greaves 1957–1970 (Chelsea 124 – Tottenham Hotspur 220)
Alan Shearer 1992–2006 (Blackburn Rovers 112 – Newcastle United 148)
Fastest player to reach 100 goals: Dave Halliday in 101 games for Sunderland.
Players to score over 30 league goals in four consecutive seasons: Dave Halliday, 1925–26 to 1928–29. Halliday scored at least 35 goals in each of those four seasons.
Most league appearances: Peter Shilton 849 (1966–1997)
Most league appearances by an outfield player: John Hollins 714 (1963–1983) (62 goals - Chelsea 47, Q.P.R 6, Arsenal 9)
Most league appearances at one club: Ryan Giggs 672 for Manchester United, 2 March 1991 to 6 May 2014)
Most titles won by an individual player: 13 Ryan Giggs
Team goals:
Most goals scored in total: 7,195 Everton in 4,670 matches. (Liverpool 7,190 in 4,286)
Most goals scored in a season:
42 matches - 128 Aston Villa 1930–31 Top scorers, Tom 'Pongo' Waring 49, Eric Houghton 30. (8 other scorers) Arsenal scored 127 in same season.
38 matches - 106 Manchester City 2017–18 Top scorer, Sergio Aguero 21. (12 other scorers)
Notes
See also
Football records and statistics in England
List of footballers in England by number of league goals
Premier League Golden Boot
List of footballers with 100 or more Premier League goals
References
goal
Football League First Division
England 1 First
England 1 First
Association football player non-biographical articles
Football records and statistics in England |
Shawnee State Park is a public recreation area surrounded by the Shawnee State Forest in Scioto County, Ohio, United States. The park is in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains near the Ohio River in Southern Ohio on State Route 125, just north of Friendship.
History
The area was once a hunting ground for the Shawnee Indians. The park was first opened in 1922 as Theodore Roosevelt State Game Preserve. The game preserve saw further development and improvements by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930s. The area became a state park and forest following creation of the Ohio Department of Natural Resources and the Division of Parks and Recreation in 1949.
Activities and amenities
The park's recreational activities include golf, fishing, swimming, hiking, and boating on Roosevelt Lake and Turkey Creek Lake. The state park marina on the Ohio River is located on US 52 just west of Friendship. The park's golf course was closed in 2019.
Gallery
References
External links
Shawnee State Park Ohio Department of Natural Resources
Shawnee State Park Map Ohio Department of Natural Resources
State parks of Ohio
Protected areas of Scioto County, Ohio
Protected areas established in 1922
1922 establishments in Ohio
Civilian Conservation Corps in Ohio
Nature centers in Ohio |
Osinovka () is a rural locality (a village) in Novlenskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 23 as of 2002.
Geography
The distance to Vologda is 76.5 km, to Novlenskoye is 12 km. Mardasovo is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Vologodsky District |
Don Antonio de' Medici (29 August 1576 – 2 May 1621) was the only son of Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and his mistress Bianca Cappello. He was a minor figure at the Grand Ducal Medici court.
Early life
Antonio was born under obscure conditions during the lifetime of Francesco I de' Medici's legitimate consort, who died in childbirth in April 1578. The grand duke secretly married his mistress Bianca Cappello only two months later, before celebrating a public wedding in 1579, after the official mourning period. The very existence of the infant was not publicly acknowledged until he was almost three years old, but from the moment he was brought into the court, he was raised as the legitimate heir to Tuscany. During his father's lifetime no doubts were raised either of his paternity, or of Francesco's intention that he should succeed him. Francesco legitimated Antonio and in 1584 he obtained implicit approval from Philip II of Spain, who was the overlord of Siena, that the legitimated Antonio was to rule. Francesco's younger brother, had been designated for the Church, rising to the rank of Cardinal.
Later life
Within hours of Francesco's death on 18 October 1587, Bianca Cappello was dead, too, poisoned, it was thought, at the direction of the Cardinal, who now set aside his orders and took up rule as Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. Bianca Cappello had recently undergone a false pregnancy, in 1586, which encouraged Cardinal Ferdinando to create a story that Bianca's pregnancy in 1576 had been a false one, too, and that Antonio was the son of a serving girl who had been smuggled into the bed. As a magnanimous gesture, the former cardinal conferred some substantial property on the youth and induced him to take the clerical habit of the Knights of Malta, which would preclude any further heirs with substantial claims to the Medici inheritance.
Thus at eighteen, Antonio joined the Knights of Malta; he fought the Ottoman Turks in Hungary in 1594-95 and soon contracted syphilis; he served in various ambassadorial capacities, and satisfied his pleasure in the hunt, and in music and theater. His virtuoso interests in alchemy and other scientific concerns, pursued on his property at the Casino Mediceo di San Marco of Florence, brought him into contact with Galileo. His mistress from Lucca presented him with three sons, to the disapproval of the Medici court; but he managed to have them legitimated by Pope Paul V and recognized by Grand Duke Cosimo.
Antonio died in modest retirement in 1621, having withdrawn from the court after 1614.
Issue
He had three sons by his wife, Artemisa Tozzi (born in Lucca), 1590-1643:
Paolo (1616 - 1656), a military.
Giulio (1617 - 1670), a priest.
Anton Francesco (1618 - 1659)
Antonio also had two illegitimate daughters:
Maria (¿?), a nun at Santissima Annunziata.
Maddalena (1610-?), daughter of a Bolognese woman. A nun at San Giovannino dei Cavalieri since 1624.
References
Filippo Luti. Don Antonio de' Medici e i suoi tempi. (Florence: Leo S. Olschki), 2006.
Filippo Luti, Don Antonio de' Medici professore de secreti, in Medicea. Rivista Interdisciplinare di studi medicei, Firenze, n. 1, ottobre 2008
Filippo Luti, Medici de', Antonio, in Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Enciclopedia Treccani, vol. 73, 2009.
Filippo Luti. Il miele e la cera nel seicentesco ricettario dei segreti di don Antonio de' Medici, in Atti del convegno internazionale sul mondo del miele Montà d'Alba (CN), editore Aspromiele, Torino, 2010.
External links
Review of Luti 2006.
1576 births
1621 deaths
A
Knights Hospitaller |
Michail Stifunin (: Mikhail Yuryevich Stifunin; born 4 August 1978) is a former ice dancer who competed internationally for Russia and France. Competing for Russia with Nina Ulanova, he is the 1997 World Junior champion and the 1998 Nebelhorn Trophy champion. He later competed with Magali Sauri for France.
Career
Early in his career, Stifunin competed with Nina Ulanova, coached by Andrei Filippov. The duo placed fifth at the 1996 World Junior Championships in Brisbane, Australia. In the 1996–97 season, they won gold at the 1997 World Junior Championships in Seoul, South Korea. After the event, Filippov moved to Australia and Ulanova/Stifunin joined Alla Belyaeva. They skated together until 1999, placing as high as fifth at the senior Russian Championships.
In 1999, Stifunin moved to France and teamed up with Magali Sauri. Representing France, they skated together for three seasons and won the silver medal at the 2000 Nebelhorn Trophy. Sauri/Stifunin were coached by Lydie Bontemps in Lyon.
Around 2012, he began working with the Russian national team.
Programs
(with Sauri)
Results
GP: Grand Prix
With Sauri for France
With Ulanova for Russia
References
Russian male ice dancers
French male ice dancers
Living people
1978 births
Figure skaters from Moscow
World Junior Figure Skating Championships medalists
Universiade medalists in figure skating
Universiade silver medalists for Russia
Competitors at the 1997 Winter Universiade
Competitors at the 1999 Winter Universiade |
Curling at the 2002 Winter Olympics took place from February 11 to February 18 in Ogden, Utah. The 2002 Winter Games were the third time that curling was on the Olympic program.
Men's
Men's tournament
Teams
* Hammy McMillan was replaced by Warwick Smith as skip after Draw 4.
Final standings
Draws
Draw 1
February 11, 9:00
Draw 2
February 11, 19:00
Draw 3
February 12, 14:00
Draw 4
February 13, 9:00
Draw 5
February 13, 19:00
Draw 6
February 14, 14:00
Draw 7
February 15, 9:00
Draw 8
February 15, 19:00
Draw 9
February 16, 14:00
Draw 10
February 17, 9:00
Draw 11
February 17, 19:00
Draw 12
February 18, 14:00
Medal round
Semifinals
February 20, 14:00
Bronze medal game
February 21, 9:00
Gold medal game
February 22, 14:30
Top 5 player percentages
Women's
Women's tournament
Teams
Final standings
Draws
Draw 1
February 11, 14:00
Draw 2
February 12, 9:00
Draw 3
February 12, 19:00
Draw 4
February 13, 14:00
Draw 5
February 14, 9:00
Draw 6
February 14, 19:00
Draw 7
February 15, 14:00
Draw 8
February 16, 9:00
Draw 9
February 16, 19:00
Draw 10
February 17, 14:00
Draw 11
February 18, 9:00
Draw 12
February 18, 19:00
Tiebreaker 1
February 19, 9:00
Tiebreaker 2
February 19, 14:00
Medal round
Semifinals
February 20, 9:00
Bronze medal game
February 21, 9:00
Gold medal game
February 21, 14:00
Top 5 player percentages
References
External links
Official Results Book – Curling
2002 Winter Olympics events
2002
2002 in curling
International curling competitions hosted by the United States
Curling competitions in Utah
Sports competitions in Ogden, Utah |
The or GSE (Graceful Super Express) is a Romancecar electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the private railway operator Odakyu Electric Railway on the Odakyu Odawara Line in Japan since 17 March 2018. Two 7-car trainsets were built by Nippon Sharyo between 2017 and 2018, replacing the 7000 series "LSE" sets.
Design
Two seven-car trainsets were built by Nippon Sharyo, with the design overseen by Noriaki Okabe Architecture Network. The total cost of the two trains was approximately 4 billion yen. The trains are finished in a "Rose vermillion" livery with "Romancecar vermillion" and grey body side stripe.
Individual cars are equipped with electro-hydraulic full-active suspension to minimize lateral vibration.
The 70000 series was among the Good Design Best 100 for 2018, eventually receiving the Good Design Gold Award for that year, and the Blue Ribbon Award in 2019.
Operations
The trains primarily operate on the Odakyu Odawara Line between in Tokyo and in Kanagawa Prefecture.
Formations
The trains are formed as seven-car sets of bogie cars, as follows, with four motored ("M") cars and three non-powered trailer ("T") cars, and car 1 at the western (Hakone/Odawara) end.
Cars 2, 4, and 6 each have one single-arm pantograph.
Interior
16-seat observation saloons are located at either end of the train, and the side windows of the passenger saloons have one-metre high windows.
History
Initial details of the trains on order were published by Odakyu on 20 October 2016.
The first trainset was delivered from Nippon Sharyo in December 2017, and formally unveiled to the media on 5 December 2017. The second set was delivered from Nippon Sharyo in June 2018.
The first set entered service on 17 March 2018, with the second set entering service on 11 July of that year.
References
External links
Electric multiple units of Japan
70000 series
Train-related introductions in 2018
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
Nippon Sharyo multiple units |
A conventional pollutant is a term used in the USA to describe a water pollutant that is amenable to treatment by a municipal sewage treatment plant. A basic list of conventional pollutants is defined in the U.S. Clean Water Act. The list has been amended in regulations issued by the Environmental Protection Agency:
biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
fecal coliform bacteria
oil and grease
pH (exceeding regulatory limits)
total suspended solids (TSS).
The Secondary Treatment Regulation contains national discharge standards for BOD, pH and TSS, applicable to sewage treatment plants in the U.S.
See also
Secondary treatment
Water quality
Criteria pollutants, a similar list of pollutants of air
References
Environmental engineering
Water pollution
Water quality indicators |
Weng'an County () is a county in Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou, China.
Weng'an has an area of 1973.8 square kilometers and a population of 460,600 as of 2003.
Gallery
Climate
See also
2008 Weng'an riot
References
External links
County-level divisions of Guizhou
Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture |
The Community College of Beaver County (CCBC) is a public community college in Beaver County, Pennsylvania. The college includes approximately 3,600 credit students and over 3,200 non-credit students from in and around Beaver County.
History
CCBC was formed in 1966 and was originally located in Freedom, Pennsylvania. The college originally leased floors of the Freedom National Bank building and 17 vacant storefronts for classrooms and offices.
CCBC moved to Center Township, Beaver County where it created its own campus in 1971. In 1976, CCBC added a building called "The Golden Dome," a geodesic recreational facility that houses the athletic department and showcases local community events. This building is the most recognizable symbol of CCBC.
In 1990, the college created an aviation building to house its aviation program in Chippewa Township, Beaver County. The college built a new library in 1997 that also provides services to the Beaver County community.
External links
Official website
Beaver County
Beaver County, Community College of
Universities and colleges in Beaver County, Pennsylvania
1966 establishments in Pennsylvania
NJCAA athletics
Two-year colleges in the United States
Aviation schools in the United States |
Thomas Newbold (August 2, 1760 – December 18, 1823) was a U.S. Democratic-Republican politician.
He was born in Springfield Township, Burlington County, New Jersey. He engaged in agricultural pursuits. He was a member of the New Jersey General Assembly in 1797. He then became involved in banking. He was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the United States House of Representatives from New Jersey and served from March 4, 1807, to March 3, 1813, but was not re-elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1812. He again was a member of the New Jersey General Assembly from 1820 to 1822. He died in Springfield Township, Burlington County, New Jersey. He was interred in the Old Upper Springfield Friends Burying Ground.
References
Sources
Thomas Newbold at The Political Graveyard
1760 births
1823 deaths
Members of the New Jersey General Assembly
People from Springfield Township, Burlington County, New Jersey
Politicians from Burlington County, New Jersey
Democratic-Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from New Jersey |
The National Unity Front (Spanish: Frente de Unidad Nacional) is a political party in Bolivia. It was founded in late 2003 by Samuel Jorge Doria Medina Auza, who had broken with the Revolutionary Left Movement earlier that year. It has 36 members of the Chamber of Deputies in the Plurinational Legislative Assembly. Despite its substantial share of the urban vote, and 16 former mayors, it does not control any city halls or governorships. The party is closely identified with Doria Medina's cement company Sociedad Boliviana de Cemento (Soboce).
In describing itself, National Unity emphasizes pro-development economic policies and support for democratic governance. Its mission statement calls for "a democratic Bolivia with solidarity, in full development, respectful of human rights, conscious of its diversity, and forging its own destiny". In founding the party, cement magnate Doria Medina called for policies to favor "those entrepreneurs who generate employment and are absent from national decisionmaking". The party seeks to position itself as a moderate third force in Bolivian politics. Its electoral base is the urban middle class.
At the legislative elections in 2005, the party won 7.8% of the popular vote and 8 out of 130 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and one out of 27 seats in the Senate. Its candidate at the presidential elections, Doria Medina, won 7.8% of the popular vote. In the 2009 elections, Medina ran again and won 5.65% of the vote. The party won three seats in the Chamber of Deputies but none in the Senate. As of 2013, Bolivia's Supreme Electoral Tribunal certified a list of 69,844 members, although the party claims to have 120,000 on its rolls.
In the 2010 regional elections, UN formed alliances with Popular Consensus in Cochabamba and Chuquisaca departments (All for Cochabamba (TPC) and We Are All Chuquisaca, respectively), becoming the largest opposition grouping. Running independently, it was the third-largest party in La Paz and Oruro departments. At the municipal level, the party did not win any mayors' races, after gaining control of 16 in 2004. It obtained municipal council representation in La Paz, El Alto, Cochabamba (where candidate Arturo Murillo narrowly failed to win the mayorship but TPC won five of the eleven seats equaling the governing party's share), and Oruro. In El Alto, Soledad Chapetón was narrowly defeated by MAS-IPSP candidate Edgar Patana, while the party won 3 of 11 council seats. As of 2013, Chapetón is the vice president of the party.
In the 2014 general election, the presidential candidate was its party leader Medina, who in this election was the second-most voted with 24.23% and the party won 9 senators and 36 deputies, becoming the main opposition party to Evo Morales' government.
In March 2017 National Unity Front was accepted as a member in the Socialist International.
References
2003 establishments in Bolivia
Political parties established in 2003
Political parties in Bolivia
Social democratic parties in South America |
José Carlos Martínez (born in 29 April 1969 in Cartagena) is a Spanish dancer and choreographer. He was a danseur étoile of the Paris Opera Ballet and artistic director of the Spanish National Dance Company. He became the director of dance at Paris Opera Ballet in December 2022.
He has received the Prix Benois de la Danse, the Gold medal of the Varna International Ballet Competition, and a scholarship of Prix de Lausanne, among the most prestigious dance competitions in the world. The Japanese Shinshokan Dance Magazine recognized him as one of the best dancers of his era.
Martínez studied dance with Pilar Molina in Cartagena, before attending the École supérieure de danse de Cannes Rosella Hightower. In 1987, he won a scholarship from Prix de Lausanne and entered the Paris Opera Ballet School. He joined the Paris Opera Ballet in 1988 and was named Danseur Étoile in 1997. In 1992, he was awarded the Gold medal of the Varna International Ballet Competition and in 1999, he received the Premio Nacional de Danza.
He danced the major classical ballets such as Swan Lake, Giselle, Don Quixote, La Bayadère, The Sleeping Beauty, Raymonda, Paquita, The Nutcracker, La Sylphide, Romeo and Juliet, as well as neoclassical ballets by Frederick Ashton, George Balanchine, Kenneth MacMillan, Yury Grigorovich, Antony Tudor, Serge Lifar, Harald Lander, and John Cranko. Martínez also danced contemporary pieces by Maurice Béjart, John Neumeier, Mats Ek, William Forsythe, Jiří Kylián, Martha Graham, Roland Petit, and Pina Bausch.
He performed internationally as guest artist with renowned dance companies including: the Bolshoi Ballet, Mariinsky Ballet, Ballet Nacional de Cuba, English National Ballet, La Scala Theatre Ballet, Tokyo Ballet, Ballet de Bordeaux, Teatro dell'Opera di Roma, the Berlin Staatsoper, and l'Opéra de Nice.
In 2008, initiating a series of shows under the artistic project José Martínez in Compañía, Martínez's project showcased in Spain numerous Spanish soloists who had carried out their careers abroad. The shows included renowned dancers Lucía Lacarra, Tamara Rojo, Alicia Amatrian, and Iván Gil-Ortega, as well as provided an opportunity to lesser-known young Spanish dancers to dance in their home country again.
In 2002, Martinez began choreographing, completing eight ballets since and receiving the Prix Benois de la Danse as choreographer for Les Enfants du Paradis in 2009. His latest, from 2010, entitled Marco Polo, the last Mission was commissioned by the Ballet of Shanghai during the Shanghai World's Fair.
In December 2010, Martinez was named artistic director of the Spanish National Dance Company. He held the post for eight years. In October 2022, the Paris Opera Ballet announced that he is scheduled to become the director of dance, effective in December.
Awards
1987 Prix de Lausanne
1992 Gold medal of the Varna International Ballet Competition
1991 Prix de l'AROP
1992 Prix Carpeaux
1988 Premio Danza e Danza de la Critica Italiana
1988 Premio Léonide Massine-Positano (Italy) for The Three-Cornered Hat
1999 Premio Nacional de Danza de España
2000 Gold medal of the city of Cartagena
2005 Prix Elegance et Talent France/Chine
2005 Premio de las Artes Escenicas (Valencia)
2009 Prix Benois de la Danse for Les Enfants du Paradis
Officier des Arts et Lettres .
Filmography
2003 Paquita, Paris Opera Ballet
2005 Swan Lake, Paris Opera Ballet
2005 Appartement, Paris Opera Ballet
2006 Sylvia, Paris Opera Ballet
2008 La Dame aux Camélias, Paris Opera Ballet
2011 Coppélia, Paris Opera Ballet
2011 La Petite danseuse de Degas, Paris Opera Ballet
References
Official website of José Carlos Martínez
Website of the Paris Opera Ballet, Webcitation
Tamara Rojo y José Carlos Martínez, máximos candidatos para sustituir a Duato al frente de la CND, El País, April 14, 2010.
José Carlos Martínez, nuevo director de la Compañía Nacional de Danza, El País, December 17, 2010.
José Carlos Martínez, nuevo director de la Compañía Nacional de Danza, La Moncloa, December 17, 2010
People from Cartagena, Spain
Spanish choreographers
Spanish male ballet dancers
Living people
1969 births
Paris Opera Ballet étoiles
Prix de Lausanne winners |
The 317th Platoon () is a 1965 French black-and-white war film set during the First Indochina War (1946–54) written and directed by Pierre Schoendoerffer. The film was based on Schoendoerffer's 1963 novel of the same name.
Plot
In 1954 while the Battle of Dien Bien Phu is being fought, the 317th Platoon, composed of Laotian suppletive troops, a French officer and several NCOs, is ordered to go to the Tao-Tsai post in North Cambodia. From there it hopes to reach friendly ground and evacuation towards Kratieh on the Mekong.
The leaders of the platoon are the fresh Second-Lieutenant Torrens and Warrant Officer (Adjudant) Willsdorff, a highly experienced soldier who is in his third turn in Indochina. Willsdorff is an Alsatian who was incorporated by force in the German Wehrmacht and fought on the Russian front.
One of the NCOs Sergeant Roudier is mortally wounded in an early encounter set off unnecessarily by his officer's verve. The Laotian troops place their trust in cautious Willsdorff who knows the ropes and leads hardly by proxy through the marshes and tropical forests of Cambodia.
Meager supplies are parachuted to the platoon by a friendly plane but part of the load is dropped into enemy lines. Fatality strikes and Lt Torrens eventually dies. Willsdorf leaves him to take refuge with Moï mountain tribes.
Cast
Jacques Perrin as 2nd Lt Torrens
Bruno Cremer as L'adjudant Willsdorf
Pierre Fabre as Sgt Roudier
Manuel Zarzo as caporal Perrin, radio operator
as sergent supplétif Ba Kut
Production
Schoendoerffer had been a POW in Vietnam following the French defeat at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu.
The film was shot with a crew of six in the middle of a Cambodian forest during the rainy season. Extreme realism is constant throughout a gripping film shot barely ten years after the actual events took place. French military routine, drills and jargon are perfectly depicted. "I imposed a strict military regime on everyone," Schoendoerffer said. "A war film shouldn't be made in comfort."
Reception
It was entered into the 1965 Cannes Film Festival where it won the award for Best Screenplay. It was the 21st most popular film at the French box office in 1965.
Legacy
In 2018, military historian Sir Antony Beevor named The 317th Platoon as "the greatest war movie ever made", "followed closely by 1966's The Battle of Algiers".
References
External links
1965 films
1960s French-language films
French war films
First Indochina War films
French black-and-white films
Films directed by Pierre Schoendoerffer
Films based on French novels
1965 war films
1960s French films
Films based on works by Pierre Schoendoerffer |
The 28th Division () was created in February 1949 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 4th Brigade, 2nd Column of Zhongyuan Field Army.
The division is part of 10th Corps. Under the flag of the 28th division, it took part in several major battles during the Chinese civil war. During the civil war, the division was composed of 82nd, 83rd, and 84th Infantry Regiments.
In April 1952 the division was transferred to the 23rd Army Group following the 10th Corps' disbandment. Its 83rd Infantry Regiment detached from the division, 84th Infantry Regiment was renamed as the new 83rd Infantry Regiment, and 550th Infantry Regiment of disbanding 184th Division was attached and renamed as the new 84th Infantry Regiment. By then the division was composed of:
82nd Infantry Regiment;
83rd Infantry Regiment (former 84th);
84th Infantry Regiment (former 550th);
233rd Tank Self Propelled Artillery Regiment;
585th Artillery Regiment.
In 1952 the division was renamed as 28th Infantry Division ().
In December 1952, the 23rd Army Group was reduced and renamed as 69th Corps, and the division was maintained as a part of the Corps.
In April 1960 the division was further renamed as 28th Army Division ().
In September 1968 233rd Tank Self Propelled Artillery Regiment detached from the division and renamed as 26th Tank Regiment, 7th Tank Division.
In December 1969, 28th Army Division was renamed as 205th Army Division (). All its regiments were renamed as follows:
613th Infantry Regiment (former 82nd);
614th Infantry Regiment (former 83rd);
615th Infantry Regiment (former 84th);
Artillery Regiment (former 585th).
In 1985 the division was renamed as 205th Infantry Division() and transferred to 28th Army following 69th Army Corps' disbandment. Tank Regiment, 28th Army Corps was attached to the division and renamed as Tank Regiment, 205th Infantry Division. Anti-aircraft Artillery Regiment, 69th Army Corps was merged with Anti-aircraft Artillery Battalion of the division and renamed as Anti-aircraft Artillery Regiment, 205th Infantry Division. Since then the division was composed of:
613th Motorized Infantry Regiment;
614th Motorized Infantry Regiment;
615th Motorized Infantry Regiment;
Tank Regiment;
Artillery Regiment;
Anti-aircraft Artillery Regiment.
From 1985 to 1998 the division was maintained as a Northern Motorized Infantry Division, Category A.
In 1998 the division was reduced and renamed as 205th Motorized Infantry Brigade() and transferred to Inner Mongolian Military District's control following 28th Army's disbandment.
The brigade was disbanded in 2003. Before its disbandment the division stationed in Huhhot, Inner Mongolia.
References
中国人民解放军各步兵师沿革, http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_a3f74a990101cp1q.html
Infantry brigades of the People's Liberation Army
Military units and formations disestablished in 2003
Military units and formations established in 1949
1949 establishments in China |
Hugh Livingston (born 1969) is an American cellist, recording artist, composer, and site-specific sound installation artist. He specializes in improvisation, electroacoustic music, Japanese music, and collaboration with visual artists.
Education
Hugh Livingston graduated cum laude from Yale with a B.A. in music in 1990. He earned his D.M.A. from UC San Diego and his M.F.A. from Cal Arts, studying under Erika Duke-Kirkpatrick. Livingston won the Yale Bach Society Prize, first prize in the Music of Japan Today competition, and first prize in the Crane School of Music competition.
Career
After graduating from Yale in 1990, Livingston relocated to San Diego, California. He devoted much of his career to a composer/performer collaboration called Strings and Machines, initially a Yale research project marrying cello and electronics. Livingston is credited as a cellist on the original motion picture soundtracks of Joyride (1997), Blade II (2002), Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003), I, Robot (2004), Hellboy (2004), and Flight of the Phoenix (2004) as well as the computer game SimCity 4. His expertise lies in the interpretation of contemporary Asian music, leading to the discovery of more than 100 different pizzicato techniques.
Livingston has performed both classical and contemporary repertoires as a solo artist, collecting awards and mentions as a concertizing cellist and innovator. He additionally performed as a member of three ensembles including Mapa Mundi, The Orbis Factor, and The Seven Saties, and serves as director of both ARTSHIP Recordings and Strings and Machines, organizing concerts and educational activities. Livingston has premiered works by over one hundred composers, including Jonathan Harvey, Morton Subotnick, and Roger Reynolds. In 2014, he became the fourth artist-in-residence for Dumbarton Oaks.
Personal life
Livingston was raised in Knoxville, Tennessee, where he attended Tyson Middle School and West High School. He played cello in the Knoxville Youth Symphony Orchestra with fellow classmates Jami Rogers (clarinetist and future New York Metropolitan Opera singer) and Benjamin Wade (trumpet player and future conductor).
Discography
Strings & Machines (1996)
Tenors, Echoes and Wolves (From the Underground 1829-1998) (1997)
Living in Fire (2000)
Wold: A Little Girl Dreams of Taking the Veil (2001)
Mark Applebaum: Catfish (2003)
Roger Reynolds: Process and Passion (2004)
Earth Music: Ten Years of Meridian Music - Composers in Performance (2010)
References
1969 births
Yale College alumni
American classical cellists
Living people
Musicians from Knoxville, Tennessee
California Institute of the Arts alumni |
Robert C. Bak (1908–1974) was a Hungarian-born psychoanalyst who moved to the United States in 1941, and eventually became President of the New York Psychoanalytic Society.
Training and career
Bak underwent a training analysis with Imre Hermann and joined the Hungarian Psychoanalytic Society in 1938, only to be forced to flee to the United States a few years later, where he became a training analyst in 1947, and president of the New York Psychoanalytic Society in 1957.
He published some 25 articles in Hungarian, German, and English. From the start, Bak was concerned to chart early object relations, and their distortions: he saw the sexual perversions as attempts to undo object separation, and also charted the emergence of grandiosity in ego-regression.
Bak also reiterated the importance of the idea of the phallic mother in the perverse denial of castration.
Characteristics
A flamboyant and witty lover of the good life, Bak had a troubled marital relationship, and no children.
When asked whether or not he would describe as transference a relationship in which each party saw the other through a veil of unconscious fantasy, instead of as they were, he is said to have replied ironically, "I'd call that life".
Selected writings
___'Dissolution of the Ego, Mannerism and Delusion of Grandeur' Journal of Nervous and Medical Disease XCVIII (1943)
___'The Phallic Woman' Psychoanalytic Study of the Child 23 (1968)
See also
References
External links
Bak, Robert C
American psychoanalysts
Jewish psychoanalysts
1908 births
1974 deaths
Hungarian emigrants to the United States
20th-century American psychologists |
Carper is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Jean Carper (born 1932), American medical journalist
Tom Carper (born 1947), American economist and politician, Governor and Senator from Delaware
Thomas Carper (poet), American poet
See also
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program Extension with Reforms or CARP Extension with Reforms, a program of land reform in the Philippines enacted in 2009 |
Obsesión is the first album by Spanish glam metal band Sangre Azul, released in 1987 by Hispavox.
Track listing
*All tracks by Sangre Azul, except where noted
Side one
"Obsesión" 3:18
"Sediento de sangre" 4:05
"Todo mi mundo eres tú" (Letra: José Castañosa; Música: Carlos Raya / J.A. Martín) 4:25
"Velocidad" 2:56
"El rey de la ciudad" (Letra: José Castañosa; Música: Carlos Raya / J.A. Martín) 4:35
Side two
"América" 4:00
"Maestro del crimen" 3:33
"Tras de ti" 3:36
"Sólo fue un sueño" 3:28
"Invadiendo tu ciudad" 3:16
Personnel
Tony Solo - vocals
Carlos Raya - guitar
J. A. Martín - guitar
Julio Díaz - bass
Luis Santurde - drums
James SK Wān - bamboo flute
References
1987 albums |
The 1971 National Soccer League season was the forty-eighth season under the National Soccer League (NSL) name. The season began in early May and concluded in October with the Canadian Open Cup final where Toronto Croatia defeated Challenge Trophy champions Vancouver Eintracht. The Croatians would secure a treble by successfully defending their regular-season title, and defeating Toronto First Portuguese for the NSL Championship. The NSL Cup was successfully defended by Toronto First Portuguese who defeated Sudbury City.
The Canadian Open Cup was created by the NSL to determine a national champion through an annual knock-out cup competition where all professional and amateur Canadian clubs were invited to participate.
Overview
The National Soccer League became centered once more within the boundaries of Ontario after the departure of Soccer Portugais du Quebec of Montreal. Northern Ontario was added to the circuit once again as Sudbury Italia returned under the name Sudbury City. The league expanded into the Niagara region for the first time as St. Catharines Heidelberg was granted a franchise. Heidelberg previously competed in the Inter-City Soccer League. Ottawa Sons of Italy began a process of Canadianizing their organization by renaming the team Ottawa Tigers.
The NSL experienced competition from the American-based North American Soccer League as it expanded into Ontario with the creation of the Toronto Metros. The league's match attendance continued to surge and surpassed the previous season's gate earnings at Stanley Park Stadium. The Toronto-based teams averaged around 1100 fans at Stanley Park. The league ownership also approved the creation of an under-23 division.
Teams
Standings
Playoffs
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Finals
Cup
The cup tournament was a separate contest from the rest of the season, in which all fourteen teams took part. The tournament would conclude in a final match for the Cup.
Semifinals
Finals
Canadian Open Cup
The Canadian Open Cup was a tournament organized by the National Soccer League in 1971 where the NSL champion would face the Challenge Trophy winners to determine the best team throughout the country. The tournament intended to form an annual knock-out cup competition open to all Canadian professional and amateur clubs to determine a national champion. The championship was initially sponsored by the Macdonald Tobacco Company and was named the Export Trophy. Toronto Croatia as the NSL champions was selected as the league's representative while their opponents were Vancouver Eintracht of the Pacific Coast Soccer League, who were the Challenge Trophy titleholders.
Individual awards
The NSL awards were given to recipients from St. Catharines Heidelberg, Sudbury City, and Toronto Croatia. The most gentlemanly team award was given to St. Catharines, and league official John Parfect received the most dedicated official award. Željko Bilecki of Toronto Croatia was named the goalkeeper of the year, and would later represent the Canada national team and play in the North American Soccer League. The league's top goal scorer was Sudbury's Ferruccio Deni, and he later returned to the NSL to play with the Sudbury Cyclones. The final award went to Hugh Morrow as the top referee throughout the season.
References
External links
RSSSF CNSL page
thecnsl.com - 1971 season
1971–72 domestic association football leagues
National Soccer League
1971 |
Lucien Laferté, known as the Flying Cowboy (March 19, 1919 – November 14, 2012) was a Canadian ski jumper who competed from after World War II into the 1950s. He was born in Saint-François-du-Lac, Quebec.
He won the Canadian Championship in 1947 in Revelstoke, British Columbia and finished 41st in the individual large hill event at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo. He lived in Trois-Rivières, Québec all his life and married Denise Trépanier on January 20, 1950.
References
External links
Olympic ski jumping results: 1948-60
Lucien Laferte's profile at Sports Reference.com
1919 births
2012 deaths
Canadian male ski jumpers
Olympic ski jumpers for Canada
People from Centre-du-Québec
Ski jumpers at the 1952 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Quebec |
The Triumph Fury was a two-door convertible prototype by the Standard-Triumph Company of Coventry. It was the first monocoque sports car to be made by Triumph. Body design was by the Italian stylist Giovanni Michelotti and the car used components from the 2000 saloon including the 2.0L 6-cylinder engine of the time, although the use of the 2.5L 6-cylinder or the 3.0L Triumph V8 was possibly intended, had the car gone into production. The car lost out to the continuation of the separate-chassis TR series, with the Triumph TR5 being introduced in August 1967. The decision by Triumph to not develop the car was due in part to the reluctance to invest in new production line and tooling facilities required to manufacture the model, in favour of continuing with the simpler manufacturing of the separate body and chassis design of the TR series.
The prototype still exists and is owned by a classic car rental business.
References
Further reading
Triumph Fury Pictures at http://www.furyworld.fsnet.co.uk/Triumph.html
Fury
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Cars introduced in 1964 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.