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Jahan Khan (Sindhi: جهان خان) is a union council and a town in Taluka (sub-division) Lakhi Ghulam Shah, district Shikarpur in the province of Sindh. It is directly connected with a grand avenue Sukkur-Jacobabad Highway. The town is 12 km far from sukkur to the north-western side on the way to Shikarpur. The population is 4000 according to the national census 2017.
Education
Education opportunities are given to the local Students as well as for remote villages with 2 boys schools and one girls' school.
References
Populated places in Shikarpur District
Towns in Pakistan |
University rugby union in Scotland is predominantly organised through BUCS, the British Universities Sports Association. Unlike in England and Wales, where a pyramid system of 4 regions and a Premier above exists, the Scottish system is separate. However, Scottish universities do receive places in the end of season knock-out tournaments which decide overall British champions (see individual division entries below). However, due to the small size of the divisions (with clubs playing either 6 or 8 fixtures per season), some Scottish universities organise teams to play in regional or national leagues as part of the general Scottish league system for clubs, the Scottish League Championship. In addition, some universities organise University Saturday Leagues for their 2nd XV (see below), or they organise informal friendly matches.
The following universities have teams playing elsewhere in Scottish Rugby:
Edinburgh University RFC play in Division One of the Scottish National Leagues.
Royal Dick Veterinary College RFC, which is part of the University of Edinburgh, play in Division Two of the Scottish National League, East. They do not participate in BUSA or USL leagues.
Aberdeen University RFC, St Andrews University RFC and Stirling University RFC play in Division One of the Scottish National League, Caledonia.
Edinburgh University RFC, 2nd XV play in the 2nd Division(East) of The Scottish 2nd XV League.
Edinburgh University RFC, 3rd XV play in the 3rd Division (East)of The Scottish 2nd XV League.
Edinburgh University RFC, 4th XV(Freshers) play in SRU development leagues
Edinburgh University WRFC play in the Premier Division of the SWRU League. They participate in the BUSA Premier North league, whilst their 2nd XV plays in the SUSA League.
Dundee University WRFC, Glasgow University WRFC and The Saints WRFC (St Andrews University) play in the First Division of the SWRU League.
Scotland is allocated the current proportion of places in the BUSA end of season knock-out tournaments:
2 of the 16 places in the BUCS Championship
2 of the 16 places in the BUCS Trophy
2 of the 16 places in the BUCS Shield
2 of the 32 places in the BUCS Plate
8 of the 32 places in the BUCS Vase
2 of the 16 places in the BUCS Women's Championship
A Scottish Universities Cup is also held, usually towards the end of the season.
BUSA Scottish Conference, 2010-2011
Promotion and relegation has usually been one up, one down, but with play-offs for teams at the top of the groups in Division 3 and Division 4. The teams play in the Scottish conference.
BUSA fixtures are predominantly played on Wednesdays, as this is (traditionally) a university half-day, without afternoon classes.
Division 1A
The top two teams advance to the BUSA Championship, a UK-wide knock-out tournament. The bottom two teams advance to the BUSA Trophy.
Dundee are the current Scottish champions from the 2011/12 season.
Division 2A
The top two teams advance to the BUSA Shield. The bottom two teams advance to the BUSA Plate.
Division 3A
Division 4A
Top two teams in both pools advance to the BUSA Vase.
Division 5A
Top two teams in both pools advance to the BUSA Vase.
BUSA Women's Scottish Conference
There is one organised women's university league, containing the following teams:
Aberdeen
Dundee
Edinburgh 2nd XV1
Glasgow
Heriot-Watt
St Andrews
Stirling
Details:
1Edinburgh 1st XV participates in the Premier League North Division.
Top two team advances to the BUSA Women's Championship.
Rugby union leagues in Scotland
Lea |
The Celts: Rich Traditions and Ancient Myths is a 1987 documentary series that examines the origins, growth, and influence of Celtic culture in Great Britain and throughout Europe.
The series was directed by David Richardson, written and presented by Frank Delaney, produced by the British Broadcasting Corporation, and broadcast on BBC2. The series was released on DVD in Europe and North America in 2004. Delaney also wrote a six-chapter companion book, extended with four tales from Irish mythology.
Episodes
Series 1
"Dawn of a Culture"
"Years of Affluence"
"Secrets of the Gods"
"Heroes in Defeat"
This is a listing for The Celts (1978) and unrelated to The Celts (1987).
4 parts of 25 minutes, made by and only ever shown on BBC Wales, narrated by David Parry-Jones.
The Celts (1987); 6 parts, 55 minutes, made by BBC Scotland, shown nationwide, narrated by Frank Delaney.
Series 2
"The Man with the Golden Shoes" covers the archaeological and historical evidence for the Celts and the extent of their civilisation across the European continent, including the two core periods of Celtic culture (i.e. Hallstatt culture and La Tène culture).
"The Birth of Nations" shows the formation of the modern Celtic nations from the ashes of the Roman conquest and fall.
"A Pagan Trinity" discusses Celtic mythology, legend, and belief, and then the introduction of Christian faith to the Irish and Scots.
"The Open-Ended Curve" presents the distinctive physical art of the Celts, both ancient and modern.
"The Final Conflict" returns to history, presenting the conquest of the modern Celtic nations by neighbouring England and France, with a detailed review of the attempted destruction of the Welsh language, the Irish resistance and revolution, and the immigration of the Irish and others to North America.
"The Legacy" is a discussion on the degree to which modern people may view themselves as Celts, with examples of modern Celtic-inspired practices like military discipline and warfare, the Welsh Eisteddfod, modern Irish music and art, and the efforts of the Bretons and Cape Bretoners to preserve their native languages in the face of societal assimilation by their ruling nations. Some of this episode was filmed in Portmeirion, Wales and makes references to the 1960s series The Prisoner.
Soundtrack
The series introduced the music of Irish singer Enya to a wider audience. Enya, formerly a member of the Celtic music group Clannad, was commissioned by David Richardson to compose the score for the series. Each episode of the series begins with the series' theme song, "The Celts". Two episodes include music videos of Enya performing the songs "I Want Tomorrow" and "Aldebaran" and she is also glimpsed performing the title track at the conclusion of the opening credits of each episode. The DVD includes an interview and several contemporary musical performances by Enya.
The soundtrack album for The Celts was first released in 1987 by BBC Records under the title Enya. It reached No.69 in the UK albums chart. It was later reissued in North America by Atlantic Records. In 1992, Reprise Records, the licensees of Enya's later popular recordings such as "Orinoco Flow", obtained the rights to the Enya album and it was remastered and reissued under the title The Celts. This time the album reached No.10 in the UK. Also, Enya appeared in a new music video to promote the title song, and a CD-single of the theme song was released.
See also
Celtic art
Celtic Christianity
Celtic languages
Ancient Celtic religion
The Celts: First Masters of Europe
References
External links
1987 British television series debuts
1987 British television series endings
1980s British documentary television series
BBC television documentaries about history
Celtic studies
1980s British television miniseries
English-language television shows |
Patagosuchus is an extinct genus of peirosaurid crocodyliform known from the early Late Cretaceous Portezuelo Formation of Neuquén Province, western central Argentina. It contains a single species, Patagosuchus anielensis. It is distinguished from other peirosaurids by its extremely heterodont dentition, which includes small serrated teeth at the front of the jaws with much larger, laterally compressed caniniform teeth behind them. Patagosuchus also has large spaces between its teeth called interalveolar spaces that are not found in any other peirosaurid.
Discovery
Patagosuchus is known solely from its holotype, MANE-PV 1, which consists of some associated bones belonging to a single individual. The remains include a fragmentary left dentary and splenial, the right maxilla and right jugal bone, a back vertebra, a back osteoderm and the right humerus. MANE-PV 1 was discovered at the Baal Quarry, in the Loma de La Lata area, near the northern coast of Lago Los Barreales, 12 km south of Añelo City, southeastern Neuquén Province of Patagonia. It was collected from the Portezuelo Formation which is the older of the two formations in the Río Neuquén Subgroup, of the Neuquén Group, dating to the late Turonian to early Coniacian of the early Late Cretaceous. Patagosuchus is the second peirosaurid described from this formation, along with Lomasuchus palpebrosus. Patagosuchus represents the third peirosaurid named from the Neuquén Group, with Gasparinisuchus peirosauroides known from the younger Santonian to early Campanian Bajo de la Carpa and Anacleto Formations, and the more recently named Bayomesasuchus hernandezi from the underlying late Cenomanian to early Turonian Cerro Lisandro Formation representing the fourth. These represent the five known Patagonian peirosaurids, together with Barcinosuchus gradilis from the Aptian to Albian Cerro Barcino Formation of Chubut Group.
Etymology
Patagosuchus was first described and named by Gabrel Lio, Federico L. Agnolína, Rubén Juarez Valieri, Leonardo Filippi and Diego Rosales in 2015 and the type species is Patagosuchus anielensis. The generic name refers to Patagonia, and suchus, Latinized from the Greek souchos, an Egyptian crocodile god. The specific name refers to the city of Añelo, near which the holotype was discovered and collected.
References
Terrestrial crocodylomorphs
Late Cretaceous crocodylomorphs of South America
Coniacian life
Cretaceous Argentina
Fossils of Argentina
Portezuelo Formation
Fossil taxa described in 2015
Prehistoric pseudosuchian genera |
James Russell Dray (born December 31, 1986) is an American football coach and former tight end who is currently the tight ends coach for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Stanford and was drafted by the Arizona Cardinals in the seventh round of the 2010 NFL Draft. He also played for the Cleveland Browns, Buffalo Bills, and San Francisco 49ers.
Early years
Born in New Milford, New Jersey, Dray grew up in nearby Paramus and played high school football at Bergen Catholic High School.
Playing career
Arizona Cardinals
On July 8, 2010, the Cardinals signed Dray to a four-year contract. The team did not announce the terms of the deal, but Adam Caplan of Foxsports.com reported that the contract was worth $1.84 million with a $49,000 signing bonus.
As a rookie in the 2010 season, Dray appeared in all 16 games and started three. He had three receptions for 47 yards on the year. In the 2011 season, Dray appeared in ten games and had two receptions for 25 yards. In the 2012 season, Dray appeared in 13 games and had two receptions for 15 yards to go with a special teams role.
Dray had a significant increase in usage in the offense in the 2013 season. He scored his first NFL touchdown in Week 5 against the Carolina Panthers. He had 26 receptions for 215 yards and two touchdowns in 16 games and 15 starts.
Cleveland Browns
On March 13, 2014, he signed with the Cleveland Browns. In the 2014 season, Dray appeared in 16 games and started ten. He finished the season with 17 receptions, for 242 yards, and one touchdown on 28 targets while having a special teams role. In Dray's 2015 season, he had six receptions for 61 yards and played special teams. He appeared in all 16 games and started ten. On February 18, 2016, Dray was released.
Buffalo Bills
Dray signed with the Buffalo Bills on March 16, 2016. After four games with the team, he was released on October 4, 2016.
San Francisco 49ers
Dray signed with the San Francisco 49ers on December 19, 2016. He appeared in six games and started two in the 2016 season.
Arizona Cardinals (second stint)
On September 15, 2017, Dray signed with the Cardinals, but was released four days later. He played in one game in the 2017 season, which was Week 2 against the Indianapolis Colts.
Coaching career
Stanford
Following his playing career, Dray started his coaching career at his alma mater Stanford as an offensive assistant.
Cleveland Browns
In 2019, Dray was hired by the Cleveland Browns as an offensive quality control coach.
Arizona Cardinals
After a year with the Browns, Dray went to the Cardinals at the same position.
Chicago Bears
Dray was hired as the tight ends coach under new Bears head coach Matt Eberflus and new offensive coordinator Luke Getsy on February 6, 2022.
References
External links
Chicago Bears coaching bio
Stanford Cardinal bio
1986 births
Living people
American football tight ends
Arizona Cardinals players
Bergen Catholic High School alumni
Buffalo Bills players
Cleveland Browns players
San Francisco 49ers players
People from New Milford, New Jersey
People from Paramus, New Jersey
Players of American football from Bergen County, New Jersey
Stanford Cardinal football players
Chicago Bears coaches |
The OTO Main Anti-aircraft Tank for Intercept and Combat (shortened as Otomatic, a play on Automatic and OTO) was an Italian self-propelled anti-aircraft gun (SPAAG) prototype. Designed and built by OTO Melara, it was armed with a single 76 mm naval gun.
Design and development
The design combined the chassis of an OF-40, with a new turret mounting the Otobreda 76 mm gun along with associated search and targeting radars and their fire control systems: an S search radar SMA VPS-A05, with around 15 km range against aircraft and 8 km against helicopters in hovering; and a fire control unit SMA VPG-A06 (Ka band). It also included an optical fire-control system with periscopes for search and aiming, with a laser range-finder. The whole turret was built of steel (roughly with the same thickness of the one used in early Leopard 1s) and weighed 15 tonnes. OTO Melara offered it as a long-range SPAAG that could outperform systems like the Gepard and similar versions with the British Marksman turret that mounted much smaller, but rapid-fire, 35 mm guns.
The gun could also be useful against lighter armored vehicles or older generation tanks. The barrel was strengthened in order to hold greater pressures, so it can fire not only HE, but also APFSDS ammunition. The Otomatic was never put into production because the already widespread presence of anti-aircraft missiles reduced the need for a long-range AA gun on the modern battlefield. Still, it is much cheaper to fire a proximity-fused high-caliber shell versus a cheap ISR UAV or single use UAV, compared to launching an anti air missile.
The Italian army needed another turret used with a Leopard 1 chassis (the turret was to be adaptable into many 40 ton vehicles, like the Leopard or the OF-40), but the amalgamation never happened, as the SIDAM 25 quad 25 mm gun was already in production and, despite being inferior and not all-weather, almost 300 SIDAMs were bought. The need for 60-80 OTOMATIC never materialised, and the Italian army was even evaluating using a L70 Bofors with a Leopard 1 as a stopgap measure. This was also not adopted, as it was too limited for a 1990s anti-aircraft self-propelled gun.
OTOMATIC therefore had no orders by the Italian army, as both SIDAM and Skyguard Aspide were already in order with very high costs, coupled with the Stinger missiles, the upgraded HAWK and the coming MEADS missiles. No orders were received from foreign customers either, despite the 76 mm gun being already well known and widespread in many navies around the world.
OTO-Melara attempted to revive the concept with the AMRAD ("Artillery Multi-Role Area Defense"), which had a much lighter mounting, and which was intended for use on a variety of wheeled vehicles. In order to lower the weight of the system, the turret's armor was reduced and the radars were removed and replaced with an optical-only aiming system cued by a remote radar. Despite these changes, the AMRAD failed to sell.
The Centauro Draco can be considered to be a further development of the Otomatic, as the Draco utilises the same weapon mounted in a lighter turret on a wheeled chassis, along with a more compact radar system.
See also
JRVG-1
References
External links
Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapons
Self-propelled artillery of Italy |
Michael Willis is an Indologist and historian based in London, England.
Born in Vancouver, British Columbia and raised in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, Willis took his B.A. degree at the University of Victoria where he studied with Siri Gunasinghe and Alan Gowans. Travelling to the University of Chicago, he studied with J. A. B. van Buitenen and Pramod Chandra, receiving his doctoral degree in 1988 after periods in India and Cyprus. He joined the British Museum in 1994 after teaching at SUNY New Paltz. He was the curator of the early south Asian and Himalayan collections in the Department of Asia at the museum from 1994 until 2014 at which time he became Corresponding Principal Investigator of Beyond Boundaries, a research project funded by the European Research Council. That project generated a number of outputs, including The South Asia Inscriptions Database. The project ended in 2020.
Willis's main research interest has been the cultural, political and religious history of India from the fifth to the sixteenth centuries. He has published on the inscriptions of central India and its early temple architecture. After that, Willis turned his attention to the Gupta dynasty, publishing a monograph on Hindu ritual and the development of temples as land-holding institutions, The Archaeology of Hindu Ritual (2009).
Willis has also researched the Buddhist history of India and produced a catalogue of reliquaries and related materials in the British Museum and Victoria and Albert Museum. Concurrently Willis developed an interest in Tibet and published a popular book on the subject. More recently he has been involved in a study of the Testament of Ba, producing a text and translation of the earliest surviving manuscript.
References
External links
Royal Asiatic Society
ORCID
SIDDHAM
British Indologists
Living people
Writers from Vancouver
University of Victoria alumni
University of Chicago alumni
English Indologists
Historians of Indian art
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Gutierre de Cetina (1519–1554) was a Spanish poet and soldier.
Biography
Cetina was born at Seville. He was the brother of Beltrán and Gregorio de Cetina, lesser known conquistadors. He served under Charles V in Italy and Germany, but retired from the army in 1545 to settle in Seville. Soon afterwards, however, he sailed for Mexico, where he resided for some time, and later returned to Mexico, where he fell victim some date previous to 1560 in Puebla to a morte galante.
A follower of Juan Boscán and Garcilaso de la Vega, a friend of Jerónimo Jiménez de Urrea and Baltasar del Alcázar, Cetina adopted the doctrines of the Italian school and, under the name of Vandalio, wrote an extensive series of poems in the newly introduced metres; his sonnets are remarkable for elegance of form and sincerity of sentiment, his other productions being in great part adaptations from Petrarch, Ariosto and Ludovico Dolce. His patrons were Antonio de Leyva, prince of Ascoli, Hurtado de Mendoza, and Alvas's grandson, the duke de Sessa, but he seems to have profited little by their protection. His works have been well edited by Joaquin Hazañas y la Rúa in two volumes published at Seville (1895).
See also
Beltrán de Cetina
Notes
References
External links
Madrigal Ojos claros, serenos
Dictionary of Mexican Literature
Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes
1519 births
1550s deaths
Spanish poets
Spanish male poets |
Yelena Ilyukhina (born 24 May 1982) is a Kazakhstani handball player. She was born in Kyzylorda. She competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where the Kazakhstani team placed 10th.
References
External links
1982 births
Living people
People from Kyzylorda
Kazakhstani female handball players
Olympic handball players for Kazakhstan
Handball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
21st-century Kazakhstani women |
Mongrel is the third studio album by American rock band the Bob Seger System, released in 1970. During its four-week run on the Billboard 200 chart, the album entered the chart at the end of October 1970, then rose to number 171 two weeks later.
Critical reception
Rolling Stone reviewed Mongrel on January 7, 1971. Ben Edmonds called the album "...easily [Seger's] best work to date, but there are still some crucial musical problems he must come to grips with if he is to realize the tremendous potential he displayed on his earlier Cameo-Parkway singles (most notably 'Heavy Music' and 'Persecution Smith')." Edmonds continued: "[Seger] writes marvelous rock and roll songs in the virile 1965 mold, somewhat of a lost art these days." The band itself, however, he said, is "like Mountain" and "often degenerates into 'heavy' overstatements of the most clichéd sort." Edmonds called "Lucifer" the strongest cut on the album, but his review may have had a dampening effect on sales.
Track listing
Personnel
Bob Seger – lead guitar, vocals
Dan Honaker – bass, guitar, vocals
Pep Perrine – percussion, drums, vocals
Dan Watson – organ, piano, vocals
Bob Schultz – organ, saxophone, vocals
Production
Producers: Punch Andrews, Bob Seger
Engineer: Jim Bruzzese, Greg Miller
Design: Thomas Weschler
Cover art: Thomas Weschler
Photography: Thomas Weschler
Charts
Album - Billboard (United States)
Singles - Billboard (United States)
References
Bob Seger albums
1970 albums
Albums produced by Punch Andrews
Capitol Records albums |
The Nuberu (Asturian and Cantabrian), Nubero (Castilian) or Nubeiro (Galician) -literally "The Clouder"- is a character of Asturian, Cantabrian, Galician and northern Castilian mythology. According to Asturian mythology, the Nuberu (also known in Western Asturias as Reñubeiru or Xuan Cabritu), is the divinity of clouds and storms.
In some stories he is an individual, in other, the Nuberu is a species of dwarf-like beings with the power to control the weather. Sometimes it is represented as a man with a thick beard, who wears goat leathers and a big hat.
Their appearance changes from region to region but they are usually elderly, winged, dark and terribly ugly. When he is perceived as a single entity Nuberu dresses with dark pelts and leather, travels in a chariot pulled by wolves, and wears a patch to cover an injured or missing eye.
He, or they, can be terribly cruel to people, damaging fields and pastures, although he can also be very kind to those who had helped him before. The myth tells us that he lives in the city of Orito, in Egypt. Folklorists think that Nuberu is an Asturian remnant of the ancient god Taranis, who also ruled over the skies and was worshipped in Asturias until the Middle Ages. Other folklorists connect Nuberu with either Thor or Donar, or even Odin since both of them are cunning and lack an eye. Other folklorists, such as Aurelio del Llano defend the Phoenician origins of this tradition.
Within Spain, their closest parallel is the Entiznáu from Extremadura, another evil weather creature with dark appearance and power over storms, who shares description and clothing with Nuberu, but differs in size.
Asturian Tradition
In Asturias, he is usually thought of as a single magical entity that receives various names.
A long time ago the Nuberu came to Asturias riding a cloud, but he was very unlucky and fell to the ground: then he asked for shelter but nobody wanted to help him until, late at night, a peasant took pity on him. In appreciation for his help, Nuberu irrigated his fields, and gave him good harvests, and has continued to provide rain to the people of the region. The story tells that some years later this peasant had to make a long journey to Egypt, and when he arrived in that land he heard that his wife was about to marry another man, thinking that her husband, after so many years of absence, already had died. The peasant then asked Nuberu for help and together they travel back to Asturias riding the clouds and they arrive in time to prevent the wedding. In Asturian villages it is common to ring the bells in order to exorcize Nuberu.
The Nuberu controls the weather at will and amuses himself triggering storms and gales, striking animals with streaks of lightning and ruining the harvests of men with hail. He will not hesitate to use lightning as a weapon if he is attacked or bothered. Among the people of Cantabria and Asturias, he is feared for the damage he causes in villages. Nights of rainfall and storms are attributed to him. For this reason during the dark hours, locals light up candles and ring bells to scare him away. Fishermen fear the Nuberu because they blame him for the strong northwestern winds of the Cantabrian Sea, which forces them to return hurriedly to port, where worried people await them.
Cantabrian Tradition
In Cantabrian mythology, the Nuberus are often a multitude of little creatures, not a single one. They are described as small, chubby and mischievous, with devilish grins in their demonic faces and little black wings. They aren't as evil as the Asturian Nuberu, but are still powerful and inconsiderate, and take great joy in causing misery and destroying the property of humans. They are blamed of the fierce, rainy storms that unleash during the night and break the roof of houses. Traditionally, villagers used to light on candles and make bells ring as loudly as possible during cloudly evenings, to scare the little demons off. However, the Cantabrians who fear the Nuberus the most are not house owners but sailors, who blame them for the terrible and unpredictable galernas (sudden storms) of the Cantabrian Sea.
Galician Tradition
In Southern Galicia, Nubeiros have the appearance of small hairy men with a long and twisted tail. They fly on grey clouds and cause dry summer storms, lightning, and similar disasters. Galician Nuberus are also scared of bells and can sometimes be scared through their sound, or through the counter-enchantment of a priest.
In other parts of Galicia the Nubeiro is one big man covered in wolf or goat skins, and associated with storms, lighting, fog, and to a lesser extent, to avalanches. Nuberu forges lightning by himself in his iron workshop in the mountains, and when he has made enough he goes out and rides through the sky to cause storms and throw his creations around. He is missing one eye, so his aim is less than perfect.
This version of Nuberu goes down to Earth sometimes, dressed as a traveler, to observe his handywork, or to ask around when he accidentally loses a cloud. It is the version that most closely resembles Nordic deities.
Castilian Tradition
Due to its condition of frontier land, Castilian myths are particularly eclectic and resemble those of the region they border closest to, creating a mix of the aforementioned narratives with heavy elements of the Entiznau of Extremadura. Castilians don't consider Nuberos as evil as the other regions do, and tend to welcome the rain they bring during the fall, but they blame their most evil aspects of lightning and fires caused by summer storms. To prevent the disasters these creatures cause, tradition recommends burning dry grass in the right seasons to make sure that the little demons have no target to hit (For more information on this, check Transhumance in Spain.
Nuberu images
In the mists
With a big hat
In the mountain
References
Spanish mythology
Asturian mythology
Cantabrian legendary creatures
Galician mythology
Sky and weather gods |
```xml
import React from 'react';
import {
Slide,
Button,
Box,
Heading,
VStack,
HStack,
Text,
Spacer,
WarningIcon,
Input,
Center,
useSafeArea,
} from 'native-base';
export const Example = () => {
const [isOpen, setIsOpen] = React.useState(false);
const safeAreaProps = useSafeArea({
safeAreaTop: true,
});
return (
<Center>
<Box w={['250', '300']}>
<Box w="100%" alignItems="flex-start" justifyContent="center">
<VStack space={3} w="100%">
<HStack alignItems="flex-end">
<Heading>Order</Heading>
<Spacer />
<WarningIcon color="orange.600" size="xs" mb="1.5" />
</HStack>
<HStack alignItems="center" justifyContent="space-between">
<Text fontWeight="medium">Sub Total</Text>
<Text color="blueGray.400">$298.77</Text>
</HStack>
<HStack alignItems="center" justifyContent="space-between">
<Text fontWeight="medium">Tax</Text>
<Text color="blueGray.400">$38.84</Text>
</HStack>
<HStack alignItems="center" justifyContent="space-between">
<Text fontWeight="medium">Total Amount</Text>
<Text color="green.500">$337.61</Text>
</HStack>
<VStack space={2} mt="2">
<Text bold>Promo Code</Text>
<HStack space={3}>
<Input flex="1" />
<Button variant="outline">Apply</Button>
</HStack>
</VStack>
<Button my="2" onPress={() => setIsOpen(!isOpen)}>
Place Order
</Button>
</VStack>
</Box>
<Slide in={isOpen} placement="top">
<Box
p="2"
_text={{
color: 'orange.600',
}}
bg="orange.200"
{...safeAreaProps}
>
Due to government restrictions around COVID- 19, you may experience
a delay in your delivery.
</Box>
</Slide>
</Box>
</Center>
);
};
``` |
Florin Nicolae Diacu (; April 24, 1959 – February 13, 2018) was a Romanian Canadian mathematician and author.
Education and career
He graduated with a Diploma in Mathematics from the University of Bucharest in 1983. Between 1983 and 1988 he worked as a math teacher in Mediaș. In 1989 he obtained his doctoral degree at the Heidelberg University in Germany with a thesis in celestial mechanics written under the direction of Willi Jäger.
After a visiting position at the University of Dortmund, Diacu immigrated to Canada, where he became a post-doctoral fellow at Centre de Recherches Mathématiques (CRM) in Montreal. Since 1991, he was a professor at the University of Victoria in British Columbia, where he was the director of the Pacific Institute for the Mathematical Sciences (PIMS) between 1999 and 2003. In 2017 he became a Professor and Head of Studies of Mathematical, Computational & Statistical Sciences at Yale-NUS College in Singapore. He also held short-term visiting positions at the Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand (1993), University of Bucharest, Romania (1998), University of Pernambuco in Recife, Brazil (1999), and the Bernoulli Center at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland (2004).
Research
Diacu's research was focused on qualitative aspects of the n-body problem of celestial mechanics. In the early 1990s he proposed the study of Georgi Manev's gravitational law, given by a small perturbation of Newton's law of universal gravitation, in the general context of (what he called) quasihomogeneous potentials. In several papers, written alone or in collaboration, he showed that Manev's law, which provides a classical explanation of the perihelion advance of Mercury, is a bordering case between two large classes of attraction laws. Several experts followed this research direction, in which more than 100 papers have been published to this day.
Diacu also obtained some important results on a conjecture due to Donald G. Saari, which states that every solution of the n-body problem with constant moment of inertia is a relative equilibrium.
Diacu's later research interests regarded the n-body problem in spaces of constant curvature. For the case , this problem was independently proposed by János Bolyai and Nikolai Lobachevsky, the founders of hyperbolic geometry. But though many papers were written on this subject, the equations of motion for any number, n, of bodies were obtained only in 2008. These equations provide a new criterion for determining the geometrical nature of the physical space. For example, should some orbits be proved to exist only in, say, Euclidean space, but not in elliptic and hyperbolic space, and if they can be found through astronomical observations, then space must be Euclidean.
In 2015 Diacu was presented with the J. D. Crawford Prize from SIAM, awarded for outstanding research in nonlinear science, "for the novel approach to the n-body problem in curved space, blending dynamical systems, differential geometry, and geometric and celestial mechanics in a lucid, inspirational manner."
Books
Apart from his mathematics research, Diacu was also an author of several successful books. He wrote a monograph about celestial mechanics and a textbook of differential equations. The students at the University of Victoria signed a petition against the textbook that Dr. Diacu had written. The students asked the University administration to permanently withdraw the textbook from the course. Lately he became interested in conveying complex scientific and scholarly ideas to the general public. His most successful books in this sense are:
Celestial Encounters: The Origins of Chaos and Stability, co-authored with Philip Holmes, Princeton University Press (1996), (). It won the Best Academic Book Award" of 1997. and was translated into Chinese, Greek, Hungarian, Japanese, Romanian, and Russian. This book is a history of ideas tracing the birth and development of chaos theory.The Lost Millennium: History's Timetables Under Siege, Knopf Canada (2005) (), is a treatment of the problems of historical chronology. The author discusses how historical events were dated and presents the objections brought to the traditional approach by scientists like Isaac Newton and mathematicians such as Anatoly Fomenko. A modified Romanian version appeared in 2009.Megadisasters: The Science of Predicting the Next Catastrophe'', Princeton University Press (2009) () and Oxford University Press (2009) (), traces the history of the scientific efforts made to predict and minimize the damage resulting from major catastrophes, such as tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, rapid climate change, hurricanes, collisions with asteroids or comets, stock-market crashes, and pandemics. This book also won "Best Academic Book Award" of 2011. From the citation: "[Florin] Diacu (Univ. of Victoria, Canada) is a mathematician who uses his professional and outstanding literary skills to provide a remarkable analysis of the 'science' of prediction. His chapter topics range from tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and cosmic impacts to financial crashes and pandemics. Perhaps the most remarkable chapter deals with climate change. All these subjects are highly germane to the present world society awash with levels of communication hardly envisaged 10 or 20 years ago. Diacu's great depth of historical knowledge, penetrating insights, and familiarity with the associated literature has led to an erudite yet easily readable approach that retains critical scientific impact. In an age where the news media and large sections of society seem to feast on dire predictions and the threat of many 'imminent' disasters, Megadisasters should be required reading for all intelligent human beings. Summing Up: Highly recommended. All levels/libraries."
References
External links
University of Victoria webpage
Yale-NUS webpage
Obituary
1959 births
2018 deaths
Scientists from British Columbia
Romanian emigrants to Canada
People from Sibiu
20th-century Canadian mathematicians
21st-century Canadian mathematicians
University of Bucharest alumni
Heidelberg University alumni
Academic staff of the University of Victoria
Academic staff of the National University of Singapore |
Donald William 'Bob' Johnston (May 14, 1932 – August 14, 2015) was an American record producer, best known for his work with Bob Dylan, Johnny Cash, Leonard Cohen, and Simon & Garfunkel.
Early days
Johnston was born into a professional musical family. His grandmother Mamie Jo Adams was a songwriter, as was his mother Diane Johnston. Diane had written songs for Gene Autry in the '50s and scored a hit in 1976 when Asleep at the Wheel covered her 1950 demo "Miles and Miles of Texas". After a stint in the Navy, Bob returned to Fort Worth, then he and Diane Johnston collaborated on songwriting for rockabilly artist Mac Curtis, and others. From 1956 to 1961 Bob recorded a few rockabilly singles under the name Don Johnston. By 1964 he had moved into production work at Kapp Records in New York, freelance arranging for Dot Records and signed as a songwriter to music publisher Hill and Range. He also married songwriter Joy Byers with whom he began to collaborate.
Elvis and Joy Byers
In later years Bob Johnston claimed that songs still credited to his wife Joy Byers were actually co-written, or solely written by himself. He has cited old "contractual reasons" for this situation. The songs in question include Timi Yuro's 1962 hit "What's A Matter Baby", plus at least 16 songs for Elvis Presley's films between 1964 and 1968, including "It Hurts Me", "Let Yourself Go" and "Stop, Look and Listen". Two songs credited to Byers, the aforementioned "Stop, Look and Listen" and "Yeah, She's Evil!" were recorded by Bill Haley & His Comets (the latter song was titled "The Meanest Girl in Town" when Presley recorded it). Presley recorded "The Meanest Girl in Town" on June 10, 1964, while Bill Haley recorded his version a week later, on June 16, 1964.
Columbia Records: Dylan, Cash, and Cohen
Johnston worked briefly as a staff producer for Kapp Records, then for Columbia Records in New York, where he began producing a string of notable and highly influential albums (see list below). He was already producing Patti Page when in 1965 he was successful in gaining the assignment to produce Bob Dylan, followed by Simon & Garfunkel, the Pozo-Seco Singers, Johnny Cash, Flatt & Scruggs, and then Leonard Cohen. His style of production varied from a 'documentary' approach capturing a fleeting moment (exemplified by Dylan's albums and Cash's live albums) to providing subtle arrangements with strings, background vocals and seasoned session musicians (exemplified by Cohen's studio albums).
After a couple of years in New York, Johnston became head of Columbia in Nashville, Tennessee, where he had known many of the session musicians, such as Charlie Daniels, for years. He produced three of Cohen's albums, toured with him and also composed music to the Cohen lyric "Come Spend the Morning", recorded by both Lee Hazlewood and Engelbert Humperdinck.
At the beginning of "To Be Alone with You" on Nashville Skyline, Bob Dylan asks Johnston "Is it rolling, Bob?"
Independent producer
Dissatisfied with his salary earnings as a Columbia staff producer, particularly after several hit albums which earned him no royalties, Johnston became an independent producer, most successfully with Lindisfarne on Fog on the Tyne, which topped the British album chart in 1972.
In 1972 he toured with Leonard Cohen as a keyboard player, and produced the resulting live album Live Songs.
In 1978 he produced Jimmy Cliff's Give Thankx album, featuring "Bongo Man". In 1979, Johnston produced an album with the San Francisco band
Reggae Jackson, titled Smash Hits that featured Jimmy Foot, Cheryl Lynn, Kenneth Nash, and Wayne Bidgell (the low voice heard on Jimmy Cliff's "Bongo Man" track).
In 1985, Johnston produced an album Walking In The Shadow by the San Francisco band The Rhyth-O-Matics, for engineer Fred Catero's newly formed Catero label. Billboard magazine's "Pop Pick of The Week", the album's release was plagued with distribution difficulties.
During a period of financial difficulty, when he was under scrutiny from the IRS, Johnston moved to Austin, Texas, and did no record production for some time. He eventually returned with work on Willie Nelson's 1992 album The IRS Tapes: Who'll Buy My Memories? (Nelson had his own financial difficulties at the time).
In the mid 1990s, Johnston produced Carl Perkins' album Go Cat Go! which featured numerous guest stars including Paul Simon, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, as well as unreleased recordings of Perkins' "Blue Suede Shoes" by John Lennon and Jimi Hendrix. This album's release was delayed until 1996.
Towards the end of his life Johnston returned to working with fresh talent including singer-songwriters Natalie Pinkis (USA), Eron Falbo (Brazil), and indie rock band Friday's Child (USA). Falbo's album 73 was released in 2013. The final project Johnston worked on was Evolution: Live at the Saxon Pub which he co-produced for Austin band Hector Ward and The Big Time in 2015, which was released in 2016.
Death
Johnston was in a memory facility and a hospice in Nashville for the last week of his life before dying on August 14, 2015. His wife Joy Johnston (née Byers) died in May 2017.
Selective discography as producer
Patti Page: "Hush, Hush Sweet Charlotte" US #8 (1965), Patti Page Sings America's Favorite Hymns (1966)
Bob Dylan: Highway 61 Revisited (with the exception of "Like a Rolling Stone") (1965), Blonde on Blonde (1966), John Wesley Harding (1967), Nashville Skyline (1969), Self Portrait (1970), New Morning (1970)
Simon & Garfunkel: Sounds of Silence (1966), Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme (1966)
Marty Robbins: Tonight Carmen (1967), Christmas with Marty Robbins (1967), By the time I get to Phoenix (1968), I Walk Alone (1968), It's A Sin (1969), Today (1971), No Signs of Loneliness Here (1975)
Flatt and Scruggs: Changin' Times (1967), The Story of Bonnie and Clyde (1968), Nashville Airplane (1968), Final Fling (1969), Flatt Out (Lester Flatt solo LP, 1970), Nashville's Rock (Earl Scruggs solo LP, 1970)
Johnny Cash: At Folsom Prison (1968); The Holy Land (1969); At San Quentin (1969); Hello, I'm Johnny Cash (1970); The Johnny Cash Show (1970); I Walk the Line (1970); Little Fauss and Big Halsy (1971)
Burl Ives: The Times They Are A-Changin' (1968)
Leonard Cohen: Songs from a Room (1969), Songs of Love and Hate (1971), Live Songs (1973)
The Byrds: Dr. Byrds & Mr. Hyde (1969)
Dan Hicks and his Hot Licks: Dan Hicks & His Hot Licks (aka Original Recordings)(1969)
Lindisfarne: Fog on the Tyne (1972), Dingly Dell (1972)
Esther Ofarim: Esther Ofarim (1972), He is also credited as the composer of "You're always looking for the rainbow" on this album.
Graham Bell: Graham Bell (1972)
Michael Murphey: Geronimo's Cadillac (1973), Cosmic Cowboy Souvenir (1973), Michael Murphey (1973), Blue Sky - Night Thunder (1975), Swans Against the Sun (1976)
Hoyt Axton: Less Than the Song (1973), Road Songs (1977)
Pete Seeger: Rainbow Race (1973), Link in the Chain (1996)
Loudon Wainwright III: Attempted Mustache (1973)
Tracy Nelson: Tracy Nelson (1974), Sweet Soul Music (1975)
New Riders of the Purple Sage: Oh, What a Mighty Time (1975), New Riders (1976), Who Are Those Guys? (1977)
Alvin Lee: Rocket Fuel (1978)
Jimmy Cliff: Give Thankx (1978)
Joe Ely: Down on the Drag (1979)
John Mayall: Bottom Line (1979)
The Waterboys: Fisherman's Blues (1988) (on 2013 box set Johnston produced 15 tracks)
Willie Nelson: The IRS Tapes: Who'll Buy My Memories? (1992)
Carl Perkins: Go Cat Go! (1996)
Eron Falbo: 73 (2013)
Hector Ward and The Big Time: Evolution: Live at the Saxon Pub (2016)
References
Further reading
Bob Johnston, Louis Black ([s.d.]). Bob Johnston Discography: A Work in Progress . bobjohnstonbook.com.
External links
Bob Johnston official website
On The Tracks interview with Bob Johnston
Johnston's early rockabilly
1932 births
2015 deaths
Record producers from Texas
Songwriters from Texas
Johnny Cash
Leonard Cohen
Bob Dylan
People from Fort Worth, Texas
Simon & Garfunkel
20th-century Canadian male musicians
People from Hillsboro, Texas
Majestic Records artists |
Hillcrest is an unincorporated community in Cumberland County, in the U.S. state of Virginia.
References
Unincorporated communities in Virginia
Unincorporated communities in Cumberland County, Virginia |
Stankomash (), previously known as Chelyabinsk Ordzhonikidze Plant, is a company based in Chelyabinsk, Russia and established in 1935.
The Ordzhonikidze Plant has produced artillery shells and parts for armored vehicles for many years. The Production Association makes a wide mix of products including agricultural machinery, machine tools, consumer durables, and products for household use. The company was given its current name in 1994.
References
External links
Official website
Manufacturing companies of Russia
Companies based in Chelyabinsk
Ministry of Machine-Building (Soviet Union)
Defence companies of the Soviet Union |
PSase may refer to:
All-trans-phytoene synthase, an enzyme
Phytoene synthase, an enzyme |
Hengelosche Brewery (Hengelosche Bierbrouwerij) was a brewery in Hengelo at the heart of the Twente region in the Netherlands. It brewed Hengelo Bier which disappeared in 1988 after its owner Stella Artois lost a major supermarket contract and decided to promote Dommelsch as their brand for the Dutch market.
History
Hengelosche brewery was established on 1 June 1879 by Herman Meijling and J.H. Bartelink as the Hengelosche Stoom Beiersch Bierbrouwerij, translated as the Hengelo Steam Bavarian Beer Brewery. Beiersch Bier refers to the German state of Bavaria, home of an innovative method of brewing that soon became the standard in brewing lager beers. Like other Dutch brewers in the 19th century, Meijling and Bartelink adapted the Bavarian brewing process of lager beer, using bottom fermentation and cellar storages to mature the beer for several weeks. This approach resulted in typical clear lager, increased preservation and a smooth taste. The early adapters of this technology were able to increase their territory and market share, taking advantage of the extended sell by date.
After the First World War Bartelink left and the brewery name was changed in Hengelosche Bierbrouwerij a family-owned company. In the years before and after WWII the brewery was one of the largest in the Netherlands, for example bigger than local rival Grolsch. The company was bought from the Meijling family in 1974 by Stella Artois from Belgium. The expansion from the Belgian brewer into the Netherlands was at the root of the creation of InterBrew and later InBev, which merged into Anheuser-Busch InBev, the world's largest brewery group. In 1988 the brewery was closed by Stella Artois after they lost a major supermarket contract to Bavaria Brewery.
External links
hengelobier collector
Beer in the Netherlands
Breweries in the Netherlands
Defunct breweries
Defunct food and drink companies of the Netherlands
Hengelo |
The Moray Eels Eat the Holy Modal Rounders is the fourth studio album by the New York psychedelic folk band the Holy Modal Rounders, released in 1968 through Elektra Records. Although Peter Stampfel does not regard the album highly, it has received positive reviews and its opener, "Bird Song," was notably included in the 1969 film Easy Rider.
Recording
Before the album's recording, the Holy Modal Rounders were effectively broken up. After their brief stint with the Fugs in 1965, Peter Stampfel and Steve Weber worked separately and had only reunited for the recording of Indian War Whoop and two gigs. Stampfel himself was working with a new band The Moray Eels, which ultimately inspired the name of the album.
Despite the band's lack of activity, Elektra producer Frazier Mohawk, a fan of the group, approached the duo to record a new album. The album's recording took place in California, where Sam Shepard also happened to be, leading to his involvement in the project. Although Stampfel emphasized to Mohawk the need to force Weber to practice beforehand, the band ultimately entered the studio without a clear idea of what songs they were going to record. Sessions quickly became unorganized and both the band and Mohawk used an excessive amount of drugs throughout the album's recording.
The album was mixed without Stampfel in attendance. The engineers decided to make the album more "psychedelic" by not including grooves in between songs, much to the chagrin of Stampfel, who noted the songs would no longer have radio potential.
Reception
Ritchie Unterberger, who wrote the liner notes for the 2002 reissue, regarded "Half a Mind" as rivaling "some of Syd Barrett's solo work" as well as describing the album as "a triumph, a melange of mind-melting acid folk that might have hung together by a thread, but was usually exhilarating, with a cracked, brain-damaged mystique all its own." Al Campbell of AllMusic positively reviewed the album's highlights as "otherworldly compositions" and that the album was "unabashed in its own eccentricity."
Stampfel himself does not regard the album in the highest esteem. He noted it reflected the music taste of Mohawk more so than of the Holy Modal Rounders and that the excessive drug use and Weber's refusal to rehearse led to the album being a mixed bag.
Popular culture
"Bird Song" was featured in the 1969 film Easy Rider directed by Dennis Hopper. The song caught the attention of Peter Fonda who heard it on the radio and thought it would be a perfect fit for the movie. The melody is lifted from Ray Price's "You Done Me Wrong" from 1956.
Track listing
Personnel
The Holy Modal Rounders
Sam Shepard – percussion
Peter Stampfel – banjo, electric violin, vocals
Richard Tyler – piano
Steve Weber – guitar, vocals
Additional musicians and production
William S. Harvey – art direction
Bob Labla – engineering
Robin Labla – engineering
Frazier Mohawk – production
John Wesley Annis – bass guitar & drums
Release history
This release includes extensive liner notes, including interviews and photographs
References
External links
1968 albums
Elektra Records albums
The Holy Modal Rounders albums |
Burgau, located in the western region of the Algarve, under the municipality of Vila do Bispo, is a former fishing village. Now living mainly on tourism, its most notable attraction is the small beach of Praia de Burgau, surrounded by cliffs that protect it from the frequent strong wind characteristic of Barlavento.
The area retains a strong local Portuguese presence, as well as international residents, largely owing to the presence of the Vale Verde International School. The peak-season brings in a number of tourists due to the available amenities, hotel and a number of small apartments that can be rented during the summer. The village has approximately 250 residents.
In 2010, Burgau was voted by readers of the Lonely Planet as the "quaintest beachside village" in Europe.
Attractions
The beach Praia de Burgau enjoys clear waters because of its size and climate in the region. Around the area, people can walk in the fields belonging to the protected area and appreciate the natural landscape of Barlavento Algarvio. The peak season (June - September) attracts a number of tourists due to its bars and cafes, creating a family friendly atmosphere.
In the past few years, an influx of wild camping has blighted the area but after a strong campaign by locals and council officials, this has recently been brought under control.
See also
Vale Verde International School
External links
Vale Verde International School
Seaside resorts in Portugal
Villages in the Algarve |
The Tatoosh Range is a mountain range located in Mount Rainier National Park and the adjacent Tatoosh Wilderness in the state of Washington, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The range runs roughly east–west, beginning with the southeastern Moon Mountain and concluding with the western Rainbow Mountain and Eagle Peak. The range includes 25 prominent named peaks. The peaks average nearly in summit elevation, with the highest, Unicorn Peak, measuring at a height of . Visitors to Mount Rainier can view the range from the Paradise area, and the range is popular with hikers.
History
While some of the peaks, including the distinctive Unicorn Peak, are named for their appearance, others are named in honor of notable individuals. Lane Peak, for example, honors Franklin Knight Lane, former United States Secretary of the Interior.
Like other ranges, the Tatoosh Range has seen its share of casualties. In 1924, an assistant mountain guide named Paul Moser fell to his death attempting to scale Unicorn Peak by a new route. In 2004, 16-year-old Vasiliy Kozorezov fell and died while hiking off-trail below the Eagle Peak Trail. Unexpected or extreme weather conditions can also cause problems. In 1946, heavy fog caused park employees Donald Carlson and James Pratt to get lost in the range for two days, but as the weather improved, they were able to find their way back.
In 1910, a USGS crew made the first recorded summit of the peaks. In the 1920s and 1930s, farmers regularly let their cattle graze along the Tatoosh Range. In 1937, attempts were made to film the movie Thin Ice on location, but blizzards made it impossible, so the crew and actors Tyrone Power and Sonja Henie returned to California to shoot the movie in a studio, while director Dave Butler and a cameraman stayed behind to collect footage of the Tatoosh Range to use for the background images.
Peaks
Peaks in the Tatoosh Range include:
Unicorn Peak: 6,971 ft. (2,125m)
West Unicorn Peak: 6,840 ft. (2,085m)
Boundary Peak: 6,780 ft. (2,067m)
Stevens Peak: 6,580 ft. (2,006m)
Pinnacle Peak: 6,562 ft. (2,000m)
Foss Peak (Manatee Mountain): 6,524 ft. (1,989m)
The Castle: 6,460 ft. (1,969m)
Bench Peak: 6,401 ft. (1,951m)
Plummer Peak: 6,370 ft. (1,942m)
Tatoosh Peak: 6,310 ft. (1,923m)
Blue Peak: 6,235 ft. (1,900m)
Wahpenayo Peak: 6,231 ft. (1899m)
Cliff Peak: 6,153 ft. (1,875m)
Packwood Peak: 6,050 ft. (1,844m)
Chutla Peak: 6,020 ft. (1,835m)
Lane Peak: 6,012 ft. (1,832m)
Denman Peak: 6,006 ft. (1,831m)
Fizrenken Peak: 5,961 ft. (1,817m)
Carter Peak: 5,958 ft. (1,816m)
Butter Peak: 5,919 ft. (1,804m)
Eagle Peak: 5,908 ft. (1,801m)
Johnson Peak: 5,868 ft. (1,789m)
The Backbone: 5,831 ft. (1,777m)
Moon Mountain: 5,096 ft. (1,553m)
Rainbow Mountain: 4,868 ft. (1,484m)
Recreation
During the summer, the Tatoosh Range is a popular attraction for hikers. From within Mount Rainier National Park, the range can be accessed from Eagle Peak Trailhead, Pinnacle Peak Trailhead, and Snow Lake Trailhead. Tatoosh Peak and Butter Peak are located outside of Mount Rainier National Park, but may be accessed from the Tatoosh Wilderness Area. Some peaks are able to be reached by hillwalking, while others can only be summited on alpine routes by scrambling and rock climbing. In the winter, the range is used by skiers and snowshoers.
See also
List of mountain ranges in Washington
References
External links
Tatoosh Range Webcam
Mount Rainier National Park
Mountain ranges of Washington (state)
Mount Rainier National Park |
```c++
#include <Columns/Collator.h>
#include "config.h"
#if USE_ICU
# include <unicode/locid.h>
# include <unicode/ucnv.h>
# include <unicode/ucol.h>
# include <unicode/unistr.h>
#else
# pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-private-field"
# pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wmissing-noreturn"
#endif
#include <Common/Exception.h>
#include <Poco/String.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include <base/sort.h>
namespace DB
{
namespace ErrorCodes
{
extern const int UNSUPPORTED_COLLATION_LOCALE;
extern const int COLLATION_COMPARISON_FAILED;
extern const int SUPPORT_IS_DISABLED;
}
}
AvailableCollationLocales::AvailableCollationLocales()
{
#if USE_ICU
static const size_t MAX_LANG_LENGTH = 128;
size_t available_locales_count = ucol_countAvailable();
for (size_t i = 0; i < available_locales_count; ++i)
{
std::string locale_name = ucol_getAvailable(i);
UChar lang_buffer[MAX_LANG_LENGTH];
char normal_buf[MAX_LANG_LENGTH];
UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
/// All names will be in English language
size_t lang_length = uloc_getDisplayLanguage(
locale_name.c_str(), "en", lang_buffer, MAX_LANG_LENGTH, &status);
std::optional<std::string> lang;
if (!U_FAILURE(status))
{
/// Convert language name from UChar array to normal char array.
/// We use English language for name, so all UChar's length is equal to sizeof(char)
u_UCharsToChars(lang_buffer, normal_buf, lang_length);
lang.emplace(std::string(normal_buf, lang_length));
}
locales_map.emplace(Poco::toLower(locale_name), LocaleAndLanguage{locale_name, lang});
}
#endif
}
const AvailableCollationLocales & AvailableCollationLocales::instance()
{
static AvailableCollationLocales instance;
return instance;
}
AvailableCollationLocales::LocalesVector AvailableCollationLocales::getAvailableCollations() const
{
LocalesVector result;
for (const auto & name_and_locale : locales_map)
result.push_back(name_and_locale.second);
auto comparator = [] (const LocaleAndLanguage & f, const LocaleAndLanguage & s)
{
return f.locale_name < s.locale_name;
};
::sort(result.begin(), result.end(), comparator);
return result;
}
bool AvailableCollationLocales::isCollationSupported(const std::string & locale_name) const
{
/// We support locale names in any case, so we have to convert all to lower case
return locales_map.contains(Poco::toLower(locale_name));
}
Collator::Collator(const std::string & locale_)
: locale(Poco::toLower(locale_))
{
#if USE_ICU
/// We check it here, because ucol_open will fallback to default locale for
/// almost all random names.
if (!AvailableCollationLocales::instance().isCollationSupported(locale))
throw DB::Exception(DB::ErrorCodes::UNSUPPORTED_COLLATION_LOCALE, "Unsupported collation locale: {}", locale);
UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
collator = ucol_open(locale.c_str(), &status);
if (U_FAILURE(status))
{
ucol_close(collator);
throw DB::Exception(DB::ErrorCodes::UNSUPPORTED_COLLATION_LOCALE, "Failed to open locale: {} with error: {}", locale, u_errorName(status));
}
#else
throw DB::Exception(DB::ErrorCodes::SUPPORT_IS_DISABLED,
"Collations support is disabled, because ClickHouse was built without ICU library");
#endif
}
Collator::~Collator() // NOLINT
{
#if USE_ICU
ucol_close(collator);
#endif
}
int Collator::compare(const char * str1, size_t length1, const char * str2, size_t length2) const
{
#if USE_ICU
UCharIterator iter1, iter2;
uiter_setUTF8(&iter1, str1, length1);
uiter_setUTF8(&iter2, str2, length2);
UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
UCollationResult compare_result = ucol_strcollIter(collator, &iter1, &iter2, &status);
if (U_FAILURE(status))
throw DB::Exception(DB::ErrorCodes::COLLATION_COMPARISON_FAILED, "ICU collation comparison failed with error code: {}",
std::string(u_errorName(status)));
/** Values of enum UCollationResult are equals to what exactly we need:
* UCOL_EQUAL = 0
* UCOL_GREATER = 1
* UCOL_LESS = -1
*/
return compare_result;
#else
(void)str1;
(void)length1;
(void)str2;
(void)length2;
return 0;
#endif
}
const std::string & Collator::getLocale() const
{
return locale;
}
``` |
The Battle of Tora Bora in June 2017 was a military engagement for the cave complex of Tora Bora and its surroundings in Afghanistan. Fighting took place between the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province (ISIL-K) and forces opposed to it, namely the Taliban, militias formed by the population of the Pachir Aw Agam District, and the Afghan National Army. After heavy clashes ISIL-K forces initially succeeded in capturing Tora Bora from the Taliban on 13–14 June 2017, but Afghan government forces retook the cave complex by 17 June.
Background
Although Tora Bora, former stronghold of Osama bin Laden, was cleared of Taliban forces during a United States-led operation in 2001, the militant group soon retook the mountain stronghold. Subsequently, Tora Bora came to function as an important base for the Taliban insurgency, while the area around it mostly fell under the group's influence. The Taliban's control over much of Nangarhar Province's hinterland was challenged upon the foundation of ISIL-K in 2015, however, and the two militant organizations began a brutal conflict for dominance. Meanwhile, the Afghan government's control in these remote areas was mostly limited to some outposts and population centers. Nevertheless, pro-government self-defense groups and tribal militias did emerge to fight against all insurgent groups in the area.
The Pachir Aw Agam District, where Tora Bora is located, was home to both Taliban as well as government followers, and thus quickly became a target for ISIL-K, which began to terrorize the district's population through killings, abductions, raids and looting. As result, the locals became extremely hostile and opposed to ISIL-K. On 13 April 2017, the United States bombed and largely destroyed the cave systems in Achin District that were used by ISIL-K as main base. As result, the group was deprived of its sanctuary; according to Afghan politician and former warlord Hazrat Ali, this caused ISIL-K to seek a new refuge. Probably due to its strategic location the Islamic State militants chose Tora Bora as prospective new headquarters, and moved to capture it from the Taliban.
Battle
ISIL-K capture of Tora Bora
ISIL-K began its offensive to capture the mountain stronghold on 6 June with allegedly up to 1,000 militants. The head of the Afghan National Directorate of Security in Nangarhar Province accused Pakistan of supporting the ISIL-K offensive. After the Islamic State fighters began to assault the Taliban positions, local militias joined the fight against ISIL-K. Although they traditionally supported the government and opposed the Taliban, these militias saw ISIL-K as a greater threat due to the group's brutal reputation. It remains unclear, however, whether the militias directly aided the Taliban or operated separately. In consequence of the resulting clashes, about 500 families were displaced. After three days of heavy fighting in the mountains, the first ISIL-K assault was beaten back by the Taliban and pro-government forces. Suffering "dozens" of casualties, the attackers were forced to scatter and retreat.
Despite this setback, ISIL-K soon regrouped and renewed their offensive. Calls by the locals for the government to provide aid to them went unheeded, and on late 13 June the Islamic State fighters eventually managed to capture much territory around Tora Bora after fierce fighting against both the local militias and the Taliban. On early 14 June, the Taliban defenses at the mountain stronghold completely collapsed, and the group's fighters fled from the area. Without the Taliban forces to support them, the local militias of Tora Bora were no longer able to hold their positions and also retreated, taking their families with them. Though both the Taliban as well as some pro-government sources denied that all of Tora Bora had fallen to ISIL-K, and maintained that Taliban elements still held out in the region, local villagers as well as the Afghan military reported that the Islamic State forces had set up their flag and heavy artillery on the mountains over Tora Bora.
After taking control of Tora Bora, ISIL-K proceeded to advance against the government in the wider Pachir Aw Agam District, with one commander of the group stating: "We are in Tora Bora but this is not the end. The plan is to take more territory from the government and the Taliban." According to a local reporter of Voice of America, the whole district was on the verge of collapse. ISIL-K began to propagate its victory at Tora Bora on its Radio Khilafat, while urging locals who had fled to return to their homes. According to security analyst and counter-terrorism expert David Otto, however, the area around Tora Bora was so hostile to ISIL-K and the Taliban so entrenched there that the former group would not be able to hold it for long.
Government offensive
Before the Taliban could launch a counter-attack, however, President Ashraf Ghani ordered the Afghan National Army's 201st Corps to launch their own offensive against Tora Bora on 14 June. The army quickly moved against ISIL-K, and by 16 June had reportedly begun to push the militants back. On the next day, the Afghan National Army stormed the Tora Bora cave complex from the foot of the mountains, while Commandos were airdropped onto the mountain peaks. The stronghold quickly fell, while the Afghan government forces proceeded with clearing operations in the area and its surroundings. On 25 June, the Afghan Ministry of Defense officially declared that ISIL-K had been completely evicted from the area around Tora Bora, and that the cave system would be turned into a military base of the Afghan military.
Aftermath
In July 2017, the Afghan National Directorate of Security financed and armed a new militia of around 300 locals from Pachir Aw Agam District to combat ISIL-K in the area around Tora Bora. Meanwhile, ISIL-K had renewed its operations in the Tora Bora region, reportedly raiding and destroying local Taliban outposts.
References
2017 in Afghanistan
Tora Bora (2017)
Tora Bora
Tora Bora (2017)
Tora Bora (2017)
June 2017 events in Afghanistan |
Male Srakane () is an island in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea, situated between Lošinj, Unije and Susak, just south of Vele Srakane. Administratively, it is part of the town of Mali Lošinj. As of 2021, it had a population of 2.
Name
During the Austro-Hungarian Empire (until the end of World War I) the two islands were called und .
Inhabitants
According to statistics, it has a current, reported population of just two people, who only reside temporarily on the island in the summer. The inhabitants usually make a living from fishing and agriculture. In 1940-50 approximately 30 people made a living on the island and by late 1960 only two women remained on the island. The two residents who live on the island are not original residents.
References
External links
Islets of Croatia
Populated places in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County
Islands of the Adriatic Sea |
Thynnichthys sandkhol, the Sandkhol carp, is a species of cyprinid of the genus Thynnichthys. It inhabits the Krishna River and Godavari River in India. Described in 1839 by William Henry Sykes (as Leuciscus sandkhol), it is classified as "endangered" on the IUCN Red List, and its population is declining. It has a maximum length among unsexed males of and is considered harmless to humans.
References
Cyprinid fish of Asia
Freshwater fish of India
Taxa named by William Henry Sykes
Fish described in 1839
IUCN Red List endangered species |
Grant Leadbitter (born 7 January 1986) is an English former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He made more than 500 appearances in the Premier League and Football League, which included 212 for Middlesbrough, 180 for Sunderland and 116 for Ipswich Town. Leadbitter retired at the end of the 2021 season, having won the EFL Trophy in his final season with Sunderland.
Leadbitter played for Sunderland from 2003 until 2009 after rising as a product from the team's Youth Academy before signing for Ipswich Town. He spent seven seasons with Middlesbrough before finishing his career with Sunderland. In 2007 Leadbitter received a call-up for England U21, and featured for them three times.
Leadbitter is now part of the Middlesbrough academy's coaching staff as an individual development coach.
Early life
Leadbitter was born in Chester-le-Street, County Durham. He grew up in Fence Houses as a Sunderland fan, and joined the Sunderland youth academy at the age of 16. He progressed through the ranks and represented England at the U19 level in 2002, scoring against Brazil to help England finish in the top four in the league tournament.
Club career
Sunderland
Leadbitter's first professional appearance for Sunderland came as a substitute in a League Cup defeat against Huddersfield Town in September 2003. Before obtaining a regular first-team place at the club, he was loaned to Rotherham United in September 2005, where he scored once against Swansea in five league games. After his loan stay in Hibernian, he began to be selected regularly by then manager Mick McCarthy, and played in 11 of Sunderland's final 14 matches of the season.
After Sunderland's relegation in 2006, Leadbitter stalled on contract talks, with many predicting he was aiming to attract the attention of a Premier League club after his impressive displays during the previous season. However, a contract was subsequently agreed with the player claiming he only ever wanted to stay with Sunderland and, henceforth, Leadbitter played an important role in the Black Cats' revival under the management of Roy Keane. Leadbitter took part in every one of Sunderland's games in the 2006–07 season and contributed seven goals, ranking as the club's third top scorer of that season. On Sunderland's return to the Premier League, Leadbitter continued to feature regularly with Keane, even making comparisons with Paul Scholes (he allegedly wears the number 18 shirt in honour of his hero Scholes). In June 2008 Leadbitter signed a new contract with Sunderland, keeping him at the club until 2011.
On 4 October 2008, Leadbitter scored a memorable goal against Arsenal after just coming off the bench. The 25-yard goal was celebrated in emotional style, as he ran over to his manager and had his head on the floor, nearly in tears. This emotional celebration was because his father, Brian Leadbitter, had died just weeks beforehand and his ashes had been buried right on that spot under the grass on the Stadium of Light. "People close to me know why I went down on the floor like I did, I just want to leave it at that. The people who know me know why I kissed that area of the ground. My dad's ashes were buried there. I don't want to go on about it. It just means a lot to me and my family. It's exactly that spot and it was always my intention to do something like that when I scored my first goal here." Leadbitter said to the press after the match.
Ipswich Town
On 1 September 2009, Leadbitter transferred to Championship club Ipswich Town for a fee of £2.6 million, along with team-mate Carlos Edwards. He made his first-appearance on 12 September, starting in a 3–1 loss to Middlesbrough. He scored his first goal for the club against Nottingham Forest on 15 September, netting the opening goal in a 1–1 draw. Leadbitter became a first-team regular during his first season at Portman Road, making 40 appearances in all competitions and scoring 3 goals.
He continued to feature as a regular in the first-team during the 2010–11 season. He scored his first goal of the season on 21 August in a 2–1 away win over Crystal Palace. He made 50 appearances over the course of the season, scoring 6 goals, including a brace in a 3–3 home draw with Middlesbrough at Portman Road.
Leadbitter was named club captain for the 2011–12 season, following the departure of David Norris. On 10 March, he scored a brace as Ipswich came from behind to draw 2–2 with Hull City. Following a spell on the sidelines due to injury, Ipswich manager Paul Jewell gave the captain's armband to Carlos Edwards, who remained as the captain for the remainder of the season. He made 36 appearances during the 2011–12 season, scoring 5 goals.
Middlesbrough
On 29 May 2012, it was announced that Leadbitter had signed a three-year contract with Championship club Middlesbrough, on a free transfer, following the expiry of his contract at Ipswich Town. Leadbitter scored on his debut in a 7–3 pre-season friendly win against Falkirk. He scored his first league goal on 30 November 2012 in a 2–3 away defeat against Birmingham City. Leadbitter scored twice as Boro lost 3–2 away to Wolverhampton Wanderers in March 2013. After a string of consistent performances throughout the 2012–13 season, Leadbitter was awarded Middlesbrough's player of the season in his first season at the club. Leadbitter scored his fourth goal for Middlesbrough on 25 August 2013 at Wigan. On 21 September 2013, he scored Boro's final goal in a 3–3 draw at home to Bournemouth. On 19 December 2014 Leadbitter agreed a 3-year contract extension with the club. Leadbitter's commanding performances and selection of spectacular goals lead to him being named in the Championship PFA Team of the Year.
On 7 May 2016, Leadbitter won promotion to the Premier League with Middlesbrough after a 1–1 draw at home against Brighton & Hove Albion.
Return to Sunderland
Leadbitter re-signed for Sunderland on a free transfer in January 2019. He was named captain at the start of the 2019–20 season. In February 2020, he was given an extended leave of absence from the club for personal reasons, returning for pre-season in July. On 25 May 2021 it was announced that he would leave Sunderland at the end of the season, following the expiry of his contract. On 14 September 2021 Leadbitter announced his retirement from football, most notably winning the EFL trophy with the club in his final season.
International career
Leadbitter came on as a late substitute replacing Gabriel Agbonlahor, in a 2–0 win in England Under 21s 2009 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification group, against Bulgaria. He featured again for England U21 on 25 March 2008 and made his final appearance in a 0–0 draw against Poland U21, not being picked after that and turning 23 soon after.
Career statistics
Honours
Sunderland
Football League Championship: 2006–07
EFL Trophy: 2020–21; runner-up: 2018–19
Middlesbrough
Football League Championship runner-up: 2015–16
Individual
Middlesbrough Player of the Year: 2012–13
PFA Team of the Year: 2014–15 Championship
References
External links
1986 births
Living people
Footballers from Chester-le-Street
Footballers from Tyne and Wear
English men's footballers
England men's youth international footballers
England men's under-21 international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Sunderland A.F.C. players
Rotherham United F.C. players
Ipswich Town F.C. players
Middlesbrough F.C. players
English Football League players
Premier League players |
The Castle: A Triumph (often shortened to The Castle) is a stage play by Howard Barker. It was performed 18 October - 22 November 1985 by the Royal Shakespeare Company at The Pit in The Barbican Centre as part of a season of three Barker plays (the other two being revival productions of Downchild and Crimes in Hot Countries). The play was directed by Nick Hamm with Ian McDiarmid playing the role of Stucley.
The play was, in part, inspired by the Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp, which was set up by female protestors who were campaigning for nuclear disarmament. Barker has stated that "Greenham was one of the starting points for The Castle – probably because my wife was involved with that. I found that a very symbolic event."
The Castle is regarded as being amongst Barker's "best known plays".
Story
A knight named Stucley returns home to England after seven years of fighting abroad in the crusades. Upon his return he discovers that the land which he used to live on is now operating under a matriarchal system. This new female-led society rejects patriarchy, Christianity, law enforcement, ownership of land, monogamy and shameful feelings towards female genitalia.
Although Stucley had previously failed to conceive children with his wife Anne, he discovers that during his absence she has conceived and given birth to children with elderly men who had stayed in England during the crusades.
Enraged by his wife's infidelity and how the community has changed while he has been away, Stucley attempts to abolish the matriarchal structure and impose a societal system of his own.
Stucley has brought to England a captive from the crusades named Krak, an engineer who was spared in battle. Krak has been commissioned to design a castle that will be built to transform the landscape around them.
Stucley also commands a priest named Nailer to restore Christianity to the region. They together establish a new Christian sect called “The Church of Christ the Lover” which follows the “Gospel of the Christ Erect”, claiming that Jesus was not celibate and had sex with Mary Magdalene.
The play follows the conflict which intensifies between the men and women of the land while the castle grows more intricate and greater in size.
Although The Castle was originally billed as a "history play" and might initially appear to be set during the middle-ages, the play has some anachronistic details which contradicts this, including a moment where the sound of flying jets can be heard.
Characters
Stucley – (Male) A knight.
Batter – (Male) A servant.
Krak – (Male) An Engineer.
Skinner – (Female) A witch.
Ann – (Female) A changed woman.
Nailer – (Male) A priest.
Cant – (Female) A villager.
Hush – (Male) A villager.
Sponge – (Male) A villager.
Holiday – (Male) A builder.
Brian – (Male) A builder's mate.
Pool – A circuit judge.
Also Prosecutors, Prisoners and Women
as well as Soldiers including: Baldwin, Roland, Reginald, Theobald, Soldier One and Soldier Two.
Initial reception
Upon its initial production The Castle generally received a varied critical reception, with many critics being divided over various elements of the play.
One such element was the mixture of poetic language and profanity in the play's dialogue. Those in praise included Michael Billington who wrote "What gives this play such force is Barker's language which is tart, comic, rich-textured and hard-consonanted". By contrast Milton Shulman was highly critical, citing lines of "verbal gibberish" and "pseudo-profundity" which "impresses Barker’s admirers [but] for the rest of us, his efforts to use words like a chop across the windpipe does become wearing", adding that "Obsessed by the potency of references to private parts, Barker displays an adolescent reliance on four-letter expletives to make his belligerent points." Although there were critics who disliked the play's obscene language there were others who defended it. Billington wrote that "Some may baulk at its insistent use of anatomical four-letter words but they're always nouns, never expletives." Benedict Nightingale wrote that "The more conventional have been upset by a proliferation of four-letter language that sometimes gives his dialogue an oddly childish ring […] Those four-letter words are Barker's way of emphasising how much of life, including political life, is infused by sex, determined by it." Other critics were more mixed in their feelings towards the play's dialogue, with Ian Herbert writing in Theatre Record "Is [Howard Barker] an effing (and blinding) genius, or an incurable logorrhoeiac?" when reflecting on the Pit's Barker season.
Critics were also split on the play's exploration of its many themes and intellectual ideas. Andrew Rissik declared the play to be "a piece of theatre whose intellectual range and depth of feeling continually amaze, disconcert and compel" whilst John Barber of The Daily Telegraph wrote "SETTING up shop as a dramatist of ideas, Howard Barker lacks the two basic requirement: a cool head, and a fertile intellect." Barker was criticised by a variety of critics for stuffing his play with too many themes and ideas whilst others appeared more positive in his handling of such material.
One such element was the play's political themes. Praise came from Andrew Rissik, stating that "Far from being narrowly polemic, this is a political drama in the widest, most searching and subversive sense", with Michael Billington writing that "what makes it a stirring theatrical fable […] is that the issues are never clear-cut". However, Milton Shulman was highly critical, dismissing The Pit's Barker Season for "flirt[ing] with obscenity, blasphemy, anarchy and verbosity […] in the name of feminism, Christian-baiting, England-bashing, anti-nuclear propaganda."
Although the play was noted for containing overt feminist themes, a number of critics felt this was partly undermined by certain elements of the play. David Nathan wrote that "[Barker] never bothers to substantiate central theme that women are less cruel than men and indeed sabotages it", with Benedict Nightingale writing that in the play "radical feminism is accused of being obverse Thatcherism" and that "[Barker’s] treatment of gender, sexuality, has never been comforting." The Listener'''s Jim Hiley had a more mixed opinion. He felt that Barker had created "a morality play, audacious yet subtle and generous" that "pits women […] as saviours […] on the side of life and nature, against men as demonic artificers [and] destroyers" and praised Barker for going "further than most" other male playwrights in writing "more complex female roles" and "conscientious[ly] squaring up to the challenge of feminism". However, Hiley felt that "Elsewhere, Barker seems caught in the very responses he seeks to dismantle" with elements of the play that "joltingly reminds us we're watching a play by a man" and where "Barker's analysis seems painfully stretched". Barney Bardsley for City Limits wrote that in the play "Barker denies the strength of women, but despises the tyranny of men in what turns out to be a moving and eloquent admission of defeat." Michael Billington was more supportive writing that "the play is far more than a simplistic championing of matriarchal values" and presented "a fascinating spiritual tussle in which competitive masculine destructiveness does battle with compassionate female creativity" in which Barker "is raising a vital moral question: how far could, and should, women go in order to change the values of society?" Giles Gordon declared The Castle to be "immeasurably the most sophisticated if difficult feminist play I've seen."
Various reviewers felt that the play was undermined by content that was obscene and excessive. John Barber wrote that "finding he cannot pursue an argument to the end, [Barker] whips himself into a rage of blasphemy, obscenity, gratuitous violence and sensationalism, with every possible effort to shock. His lurid imagination is seen at its best and worst in “The Castle” […] Powerful writing and boldly conceived characters jostle beside schoolboy silliness. What begins as a gripping feminist fable turns into hysterical hullaballoo." Milton Shulman wrote that Barker "does not know the meaning of excess. He thinks it means normal. Every issue he confront relies upon the shout, the shudder and the shock for its dramatic impact" and even stated that the actress Harriet Walter "should be demanding extra humiliation money for permitting herself to be attached to such a barbaric spectacle." In contrast other critics were more forgiving, with Giles Gordon stating "“Unpleasant” The Castle certainly is, but I fear it may be essential."
Despite many reviews finding flaws with Barker’s writing there were critics who responded more positively. Andrew Rissik wrote that "this magnificent new play refutes all but the most quibbling of objections" and Michael Billington wrote that The Castle "combines narrative thrust with scorching language and poetic power to make it, along with Pravda, the most exciting new play in London." A few critics viewed Barker’s play as an important work with Jim Hiley writing "we are indisputably in the presence of a major dramatist" and Billington declaring "this is, by any yardstick, a major play".
LegacyThe Castle has been recognised as one of Barker's "best known plays".The Castle is listed as being one of the 100 "best and most influential plays" performed in Britain from 1945 – 2010
in the book and iPad app Played in Britain: Modern Theatre in 100 Plays.Archive webpage on the V&A website about the Played in Britain: Modern Theatre in 100 Plays 1945 - 2010 app
In 2015 Exeunt Magazine published a "subjective list" of "great plays" in response to Michael Billington's list of The 101 Greatest Plays. One of the plays listed by Exeunt writer Duska Radosavljevic was The Castle''.
References
1985 plays
British plays
Feminist plays |
```java
package cn.crap.enu;
public enum ArticleType {
DICTIONARY(""), ARTICLE("");
private final String name;
public static String getByEnumName(String enumName){
for( ArticleType article : ArticleType.values()){
if(article.name().equals(enumName)){
return article.getName();
}
}
return "";
}
ArticleType(String name){
this.name = name;
}
public String getName(){
return name;
}
}
``` |
Coleophora samarensis is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in southern Russia.
References
samarensis
Moths of Europe
Moths described in 2001 |
Sergey Igorevich Stepanov (, ; , ; born 3 September 1984), commonly known as the Epic Sax Guy, Saxroll or Ultra Sax Guy, is a Moldovan musician and composer and a member of the SunStroke Project.
Biography
Stepanov graduated in 2005 from Transnistrian State Arts Institute of Tiraspol. After graduation he was drafted into the Transnistrian army, where he met Anton Ragoza. Later they formed Sunstroke band, now known as SunStroke Project. Stepanov is dubbed 'Epic Sax Guy' by many on the internet.
SunStroke Project
As a member of SunStroke Project, Sergey participated at the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 in Oslo, where SunStroke Project finished 22nd, with their song "Run Away". After the contest, Stepanov, thanks to his extravagant look and dancing style, quickly became an Internet meme named "Epic Sax Guy" through a YouTube video with Sergey's instrumental solo performance during the group's Eurovision performance. It quickly went viral and spawned a number of remix videos, including a ten-hour long remixed version.
In 2014, Stepanov's 2010 performance was included in the Eurovision Book of Records, a collection of the most memorable moments in the history of the contest. In 2017, SunStroke Project returned to Eurovision with the song "Hey, Mamma!", and this time finished 3rd. Many notable publications around the world wrote about the comeback of the "Epic Sax Guy", and on the Internet new videos and remixes with Stepanov's performance appeared, this time known as "Ultra Sax Guy". On returning to Moldova, SunStroke Project were awarded the Order of Honour by then-President of Moldova Igor Dodon.
During the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 final, Stepanov was the spokesperson for the Moldovan jury votes.
Personal life
Sergey is married to Olga Deleu, and they have a son, Mikhail.
Honors
Order of Honour (2017)
Notes
References
External links
Биография на сайте группы
1984 births
Living people
People from Tiraspol
Moldovan musicians
Moldovan composers
Male composers
Russian male composers
Saxophonists
Internet memes
21st-century saxophonists
Moldovan people of Russian descent
21st-century Russian male musicians
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2010
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2017
Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Moldova
Internet memes introduced in 2010 |
Germaine Kerjean (1893–1975) was a French stage and film actress. She spent a decade with the Comédie-Française. In films she frequently played character roles.
Filmography
References
Bibliography
Crisp, Colin. French Cinema—A Critical Filmography: Volume 2, 1940-1958. Indiana University Press, 2015.
External links
1893 births
French film actresses
French stage actresses
French television actresses
Actresses from Le Havre
1975 deaths
20th-century French actresses |
Chaetodon pelewensis, the dot dash butterflyfish, spotbanded butterflyfish or punctato butterflyfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a butterflyfish belonging to the family Chaetodontidae. It is found in the western Pacific Ocean.
Description
Chaetodon pelwensis has a dusky yellow body with diagonal stripes across the body and black-margined gold vertical bar through the eye. There is a black spot on the head. The stripes break up into spots towards the head and on the lower flanks. The margins of the fins are bright yellow and the base of the caudal fin is bright orange. The dorsal fin has 13-14 spines and 22-25 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 17-18 soft rays. It attains a maximum total length of .
Distribution
Chaetodon pelewensis is found across the southern Pacific Ocean from Papua New Guinea to the Tuamotu Archipelago. This species is abundant on the Great Barrier Reef and in the Coral Sea. In Australia it extends as far south as central New South Wales and Lord Howe Island.
Habitat and biology
Chaetodon pelewensis is found in coral reefs at depths of at least . They feed largely on coral polyps and some benthic invertebrates. This species is oviparous and monogamous, breeding in pairs. Occasionally it will form mixed pairs with the spotband butterflyfish (C. punctatofasciatus), and these species are known to hybridise.
Taxonomy and etymology
Chaetodon pelewensis was first formally described in 1868 by the Austrian ichthyologist Rudolf Kner (1810-1869) with the type locality given as Palau in the Western Pacific, Pelew Inseln in German, in error when the correct type locality is probably the Society Islands. The specific name reflects the erroneous designation of the type locality. This species is placed in the subgenus Exornator, if the genus Chaetodon is split up, Exornator might become a subgenus of Lepidochaetodon.
Utilisation
Chaetodon pelewensis is commonly found in the aquarium trade and in the period 1988 to 2002 over 12,000 individuals of this species were traded.
References
External links
pelewensis
Taxa named by Rudolf Kner
Fish described in 1868 |
William Hooper School is a historic school building located on Mears Street between South 4th and South 5th Streets in Wilmington, New Hanover County, North Carolina. It was designed by Joseph F. Leitner's firm and is described as being in a Classical Revival style. It was built by Wallace & Osterman in 1914. Eliza Meares (1864-1926) was the school's first principal, serving from 1914 to 1925. The school closed in 1984 and in 1998 the building was converted to apartments for the elderly. It is named for William Hooper (1742-1790) of Boston, Massachusetts, who was a representative of North Carolina and signed the Declaration of Independence.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.
References
School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Neoclassical architecture in North Carolina
Former school buildings in the United States
School buildings completed in 1914
Schools in Wilmington, North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in New Hanover County, North Carolina
1984 disestablishments in North Carolina
Defunct schools in North Carolina
1914 establishments in North Carolina
Public elementary schools in North Carolina |
KNTX is a radio station licensed in and serving the Bowie, Texas area with community and oldies programming. It broadcasts on AM frequency 1410 kHz and is under ownership of Henderson Broadcasting Company, LP. Much of the schedule consists of news headlines from ABC News, CBS News, and the Texas State Network with the rest of the schedule filled with community news and classic hits from Cumulus Media Networks' "Classic Hits" satellite feed and more.
The station was assigned the KNTX call sign by the Federal Communications Commission on February 1, 2000.
References
External links
KNTX AM 1410 - Official website
NTX
Oldies radio stations in the United States |
Rancennes () is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France.
The Pointe de Givet National Nature Reserve is partly located on the commune.
Population
See also
Communes of the Ardennes department
References
Communes of Ardennes (department)
Ardennes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
Stephen Peter Humphrys (born 15 September 1997) is an English professional footballer who plays as a forward for Wigan Athletic.
Club career
Fulham
On 17 December 2016, Humphrys made his professional debut in the EFL Championship against Derby County at Craven Cottage. He joined League One side Shrewsbury Town on loan for the rest of the season in January 2017.
On 31 January 2018, Fulham announced Humphrys would be joining Rochdale on loan for the remainder of the season.
Southend
On 19 January 2019, Humphrys joined Southend United on a permanent deal from Fulham, scoring two goals on his debut, in a 4–0 win at Bradford that same day.
On 25 February 2019, he suffered a collision with Accrington Stanley goalkeeper Johnny Maxted as he won a header which would result in a goal. In the process, he suffered a fractured cheekbone and eye socket and 15 broken bones in his face, leading to metal plates being inserted and the need for a face mask to be worn for the rest of the season. Following surgery in early March, he also underwent another operation after the end of the season.
On 5 May 2019 Humphrys came off the bench to score the winning goal for Southend in a 2–1 win over Sunderland. The goal saved Southend from relegation to League Two.
Rochdale
On 11 September 2020, Humphrys signed a two-year deal with Rochdale for an undisclosed fee.
Wigan Athletic
In July 2021 he joined Wigan Athletic. He scored his first goal for the club in an EFL Cup tie against Hull City on 10 August 2021.
Heart of Midlothian
In August 2022, Humphrys signed for Scottish Premiership team Hearts on a season long loan. He scored his first goal for the club in a league match against Kilmarnock on 9 October 2022.
Humphrys' place in Hearts folklore was sealed on 4 February 2023 when he scored from his own half in a 3–1 win over Dundee United.
Career statistics
References
External links
Profile on Fulham website
1997 births
Living people
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
English Football League players
Bury F.C. players
Fulham F.C. players
Shrewsbury Town F.C. players
Rochdale A.F.C. players
Scunthorpe United F.C. players
Wigan Athletic F.C. players
Footballers from Oldham
Heart of Midlothian F.C. players
Scottish Professional Football League players |
```c
/*
*
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
#include "freertos/task.h"
#include "freertos/queue.h"
#include "driver/uart.h"
#include "esp_log.h"
#include "esp_attr.h"
#include "uart_driver.h"
#include "nimble/hci_common.h"
#include "host/ble_hs_mbuf.h"
#define TAG "UART_HCI"
#define UART_NO (1)
#define UART_BUF_SZ (1024)
#define UART_TX_PIN (CONFIG_EXAMPLE_HCI_UART_TX_PIN)
#define UART_RX_PIN (CONFIG_EXAMPLE_HCI_UART_RX_PIN)
#define UART_RTS_PIN (CONFIG_EXAMPLE_HCI_UART_RTS_PIN)
#define UART_CTS_PIN (CONFIG_EXAMPLE_HCI_UART_CTS_PIN)
#define HCI_H4_ACL (0x02)
#define HCI_H4_CMD (0x01)
#define HCI_H4_EVT (0x04)
#define BLE_HCI_EVENT_HDR_LEN (2)
#define BLE_HCI_CMD_HDR_LEN (3)
enum {
UART_RX_TYPE = 0,
UART_RX_LEN,
UART_RX_DATA,
};
enum {
DATA_TYPE_COMMAND = 1,
DATA_TYPE_ACL = 2,
DATA_TYPE_EVENT = 4
};
TaskHandle_t s_rx_task_hdl;
static void IRAM_ATTR hci_uart_rx_task(void *arg)
{
uint8_t buf[1026];
int len_now_read = -1;
uint32_t len_to_read = 1;
uint32_t len_total_read = 0;
uint8_t rx_st = UART_RX_TYPE;
while (1) {
len_now_read = uart_read_bytes(UART_NO, &buf[len_total_read], len_to_read, portMAX_DELAY);
assert(len_now_read == len_to_read);
len_total_read += len_now_read;
switch (rx_st) {
case UART_RX_TYPE: {
assert(buf[0] >= DATA_TYPE_ACL && buf[0] <= DATA_TYPE_EVENT);
if (buf[0] == DATA_TYPE_ACL) {
len_to_read = 4;
} else if (buf[0] == DATA_TYPE_EVENT) {
len_to_read = 2;
} else {
assert(0);
}
rx_st = UART_RX_LEN;
}
break;
case UART_RX_LEN: {
if (buf[0] == DATA_TYPE_ACL) {
len_to_read = buf[3] | (buf[4] << 8);
} else if (buf[0] == DATA_TYPE_EVENT) {
len_to_read = buf[2];
} else {
assert(0);
}
rx_st = UART_RX_DATA;
}
break;
case UART_RX_DATA: {
uint8_t *data = buf;
int rc;
if (data[0] == HCI_H4_EVT) {
uint8_t *evbuf;
int totlen;
totlen = BLE_HCI_EVENT_HDR_LEN + data[2];
assert(totlen <= UINT8_MAX + BLE_HCI_EVENT_HDR_LEN);
if (totlen > MYNEWT_VAL(BLE_TRANSPORT_EVT_SIZE)) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Received HCI data length at host (%d)"
"exceeds maximum configured HCI event buffer size (%d).",
totlen, MYNEWT_VAL(BLE_TRANSPORT_EVT_SIZE));
break;
}
if (data[1] == BLE_HCI_EVCODE_HW_ERROR) {
assert(0);
}
/* Allocate LE Advertising Report Event from lo pool only */
if ((data[1] == BLE_HCI_EVCODE_LE_META) &&
(data[3] == BLE_HCI_LE_SUBEV_ADV_RPT || data[3] == BLE_HCI_LE_SUBEV_EXT_ADV_RPT)) {
evbuf = ble_transport_alloc_evt(1);
/* Skip advertising report if we're out of memory */
if (!evbuf) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "No buffers");
break;
}
} else {
evbuf = ble_transport_alloc_evt(0);
assert(evbuf != NULL);
}
memset(evbuf, 0, sizeof * evbuf);
memcpy(evbuf, &data[1], totlen);
rc = ble_transport_to_hs_evt(evbuf);
assert(rc == 0);
} else if (data[0] == HCI_H4_ACL) {
struct os_mbuf *m = NULL;
m = ble_transport_alloc_acl_from_ll();
if (!m) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "No buffers");
}
if ((rc = os_mbuf_append(m, &data[1], len_total_read - 1)) != 0) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "%s failed to os_mbuf_append; rc = %d", __func__, rc);
os_mbuf_free_chain(m);
return;
}
ble_transport_to_hs_acl(m);
}
rx_st = UART_RX_TYPE;
len_to_read = 1;
len_total_read = 0;
}
break;
default: {
assert(0);
break;
}
}
}
vTaskDelete(NULL);
}
void hci_uart_send(uint8_t *buf, uint16_t len)
{
uint8_t *p = buf;
int len_write = 0;
while (len) {
len_write = uart_write_bytes(UART_NO, p, len);
assert(len_write > 0);
len -= len_write;
p += len_write;
}
}
void
ble_transport_ll_init(void)
{
}
int
ble_transport_to_ll_acl_impl(struct os_mbuf *om)
{
uint8_t buf[OS_MBUF_PKTLEN(om) + 1];
int rc;
buf[0] = HCI_H4_ACL;
rc = ble_hs_mbuf_to_flat(om, buf + 1, OS_MBUF_PKTLEN(om), NULL);
if(rc) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error copying data %d", rc);
os_mbuf_free_chain(om);
return rc;
}
hci_uart_send(buf, OS_MBUF_PKTLEN(om) + 1);
os_mbuf_free_chain(om);
return 0;
}
int
ble_transport_to_ll_cmd_impl(void *buf)
{
int len = 3 + ((uint8_t *)buf)[2] + 1;
uint8_t data[258];
data[0] = HCI_H4_CMD;
memcpy(data + 1, buf, len - 1);
hci_uart_send(data, len);
ble_transport_free(buf);
return 0;
}
void hci_uart_open(void)
{
uart_config_t uart_config = {
.baud_rate = CONFIG_EXAMPLE_HCI_UART_BAUDRATE,
.data_bits = UART_DATA_8_BITS,
.parity = UART_PARITY_DISABLE,
.stop_bits = UART_STOP_BITS_1,
.flow_ctrl = CONFIG_EXAMPLE_HCI_UART_FLOW_CTRL,
.source_clk = UART_SCLK_DEFAULT,
};
int intr_alloc_flags = 0;
#if CONFIG_UART_ISR_IN_IRAM
intr_alloc_flags = ESP_INTR_FLAG_IRAM;
#endif
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(uart_driver_install(UART_NO, UART_BUF_SZ * 2, UART_BUF_SZ * 2, 0, NULL, intr_alloc_flags));
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(uart_param_config(UART_NO, &uart_config));
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(uart_set_pin(UART_NO, UART_TX_PIN, UART_RX_PIN, -1, -1));
xTaskCreate(hci_uart_rx_task, "hci_uart_rx_task", 2048, NULL, 12, &s_rx_task_hdl);
}
void hci_uart_close(void)
{
if (s_rx_task_hdl) {
vTaskDelete(s_rx_task_hdl);
}
uart_driver_delete(UART_NO);
}
``` |
This edition, originally scheduled in November 2006 in Sri Lanka was cancelled due to the political situation in the host country. The tournament for title (involving Japan, Korea and Hong Kong), originally must also valid as final pool for 2007 Rugby World Cup – Asia qualification was transferred by International Rugby Board in Hong Kong. The rest of the tournament ("Plate" and "Shield" was played one year after in Sri Lanka.
It was the last edition of the tournament, because from 2008, it was replaced by Asian Five Nations, that merge the ARFU Asian Rugby Championship and the ARFU Asian Rugby Series
The team were divided in three divisions, according to the results of 2006 ARFU Asian Rugby Series
Tournaments
Gold
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width=30|Pos.
!width=100|Team
!width=30|P
!width=30|W
!width=30|D
!width=30|Lost
!width=30|For
!width=30|Ag.
!width=40|Diff.
!width=30|Points
!width=300|Notes
|-
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc align=center
|1||align=left|||2||2||0||0||106||3||+103||4|| Qualified to 2007 Rugby World Cup
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC align=center
|2||align=left|||2||1||0||1||23||59||-36||2|| Qualified to RWC Qualif. repechage)
|- bgcolor=#ffffFF align=center
|3||align=left|||2||0||0||2||8||75||-67||0||
|}
Plate
Pool A
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width=30|Pos.
!width=100|Team
!width=30|P
!width=30|W
!width=30|D
!width=30|Lost
!width=30|For
!width=30|Ag.
!width=40|Diff.
!width=30|Points
|-
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc align=center
|1||align=left|||2||2||0||0||103||13||+90||4
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC align=center
|2||align=left|||2||1||0||1||66||32||+34||2
|- bgcolor=#ffffFF align=center
|3||align=left|||2||0||0||2||9||133||-124||0
|}
Pool B
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width=30|Pos.
!width=100|Team
!width=30|P
!width=30|W
!width=30|D
!width=30|Lost
!width=30|For
!width=30|Ag.
!width=40|Diff.
!width=30|Points
|-
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc align=center
|1||align=left|||2||2||0||0||98||21||+77||4
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC align=center
|2||align=left|||2||1||0||1||27||45||-18||2
|- bgcolor=#ffffFF align=center
|3||align=left|||2||0||0||2||37||96||-59||0
|}
Finals
First Place Final
Third Place Final
Fifth Place Final
Shield
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width=30|Pos.
!width=100|Team
!width=30|P
!width=30|W
!width=30|D
!width=30|Lost
!width=30|For
!width=30|Ag.
!width=40|Diff.
!width=30|Points
|-
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc align=center
|1||align=left|||2||2||0||0||71||10||+61||4
|- bgcolor=#ffffFF align=center
|2||align=left|||2||1||0||1||26||39||-13||2
|- bgcolor=#ffffFF align=center
|3||align=left|||2||0||0||2||3||51||-48||0
|}
Notes
2006
2006 rugby union tournaments for national teams
2007 rugby union tournaments for national teams
International rugby union competitions hosted by Hong Kong
2007 in Hong Kong sport
2006 in Hong Kong sport
2006 in Asian rugby union
2007 in Asian rugby union |
```objective-c
//your_sha256_hash---------------------------------------
//your_sha256_hash---------------------------------------
#pragma once
class JsrtCallbackState
{
public:
JsrtCallbackState(ThreadContext* currentThreadContext);
~JsrtCallbackState();
static void ObjectBeforeCallectCallbackWrapper(JsObjectBeforeCollectCallback callback, void* object, void* callbackState, void* threadContext);
private:
ThreadContext* originalThreadContext;
JsrtContext* originalJsrtContext;
};
#if defined(CHAKRA_STATIC_LIBRARY) || !defined(_WIN32)
_NOINLINE void VALIDATE_ENTER_CURRENT_THREAD();
#else
// Windows Shared Library: DllMain is responsible from handling all these stuff
#define VALIDATE_ENTER_CURRENT_THREAD()
#endif
``` |
Pulkau (, ) is a city in the district of Hollabrunn in Lower Austria, Austria.
Population
People
Walter Ullmann, Jewish historian, born here.
References
External links
Tourism (German)
Europahaus Pulkau (German)
Cities and towns in Hollabrunn District |
"Eyes That See in the Dark" is a song written by Barry and Maurice Gibb in 1982. It was performed by Kenny Rogers for his 1983 album of the same name. It reached #30 in the US Country Charts, #4 in the US Adult Contemporary Charts, #61 in the United Kingdom and #79 in the Billboard Hot 100.
Recording took place at Middle Ear Studios in Florida Lion Share Recording Studios and Ocean Way Recording in Los Angeles. In the RCA UK, seemed afraid of the full-out country voice of Dolly Parton as it was released as a single before "Islands in the Stream". In the US, this was the third single off the album with "Hold Me" as the B-side.
The guitars were played by Barry Gibb, Maurice Gibb, Tim Renwick and George Terry .
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Personnel
Kenny Rogers — vocals
Barry Gibb — background vocals, guitar
Maurice Gibb — bass, guitar, background vocals
Tim Renwick — guitar
George Terry — guitar
George Bitzer – piano, synthesizer
Albhy Galuten — piano, synthesizer
Ron Ziegler – drums
Barry Gibb version
"Eyes That See in the Dark" was originally performed by Barry Gibb as a guideline for Kenny Rogers. Months after Gibb recorded demos for Dionne Warwick and Warwick herself recorded Heartbreaker which was produced by Gibb.
It was recorded in August 1982. This would be the first demo for an album by Rogers, as Gibb and Rogers met later in the year and Rogers asked about some songs. Gibb's version was a power ballad. On this version, Maurice plays second guitar, bass, and a bit of synthesizer.
Personnel
Barry Gibb — lead vocals, guitar
Maurice Gibb — guitar, bass, synthesizer
References
Songs written by Barry Gibb
Songs written by Maurice Gibb
Song recordings produced by Barry Gibb
Barry Gibb songs
Pop ballads
Kenny Rogers songs
1983 singles
1982 songs
1984 singles
RCA Records singles
Song recordings produced by Albhy Galuten |
The Ocilla Public School, also known as Irwin County Elementary School, is a historic school building in Ocilla, Georgia, United States, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Description
The main building is a one-story U-shaped building with 17 classrooms, a library, a 700-seat auditorium, and more. It has Colonial Revival details. It was built in 1934 to serve as both elementary school and high school. In the early 1950s, it became known as the Irwin County Elementary School when a separate high school was built about three blocks away.
A one-story brick cafeteria and classroom building was added in c.1960, and has International Style design.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Irwin County, Georgia
References
External links
School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Georgia (U.S. state)
Colonial Revival architecture in Georgia (U.S. state)
International style architecture in Georgia (U.S. state)
School buildings completed in 1934
National Register of Historic Places in Irwin County, Georgia
1934 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state) |
The Kapila Purana (, ) ( 11th century) is a Hindu religious text. The text is considered one of the 18 Upapuranas.
Content
It contains 21 chapters which mostly narrate glories about the puņyakṣetras (sacred places) of Utkala. It subsequently describes the greatness of Purusottama Kshetra, Viraja Kshetra, Maiterya Vana, and Ekamra Tirtha. Sage Kapila is the main narrator of this Purana. He describes to king Shalyajit regarding the glorified virtue of Utkala Kingdom, which he reports as a conversation between sage Bharadvaja and the sages performing tapas (austerities) in Pushkarakshetra. It describes the Shiva, Durga, Vishnu and Surya shrines in and around Orissa. The Jnana yoga is described in the final chapter of this Purana.
References
Bibliography
External links
Text in Sanskrit
Puranas
Hinduism in Odisha |
Volán FC was a Hungarian football team from the Rákospalota neighborhood of Budapest, named after one of the main bus companies in the country Borsod Volán. It played six seasons in the first division of the Hungarian League, the Nemzeti Bajnokság I., mostly during the 1980s, when it was relegated four times and never finished higher than 11th place as in the first season. After the last relegation in 1991, the club folded.
The de facto successor to Volán is Rákospalotai EAC (REAC), which was formed from some elements of the former team. Although it took over Volán's league spot, it does not carry any of Volán's records. It sees itself as modern incarnation of the Read, which was formed in the early-20th century and was dissolved during World War II.
NB I. Results
Defunct football clubs in Hungary
1991 disestablishments in Hungary
Football clubs in Budapest |
Amirhossein Pourmohammad ( ; born May 24, 1998) is an Iranian football player who played as a defender for Iranian club Havadar in the Persian Gulf Pro League.
Club career
Havadar
He made his debut for Havadar in 24th fixtures of 2019–20 Azadegan League against Sepidrood.
References
External links
Living people
1998 births
Men's association football defenders
Iranian men's footballers
Esteghlal F.C. players
Havadar S.C. players
Footballers from Tehran |
Suresh Sakadivan is a Malaysian cricketer. A right-handed batsman and wicket-keeper, he has played for the Malaysia national cricket team since 1999.
Biography
Born in Malaysia in 1981, Suresh Sakadivan first played for Malaysia in the Stan Nagaiah Trophy series against Singapore in March 1999. He played the series again in 2001, and played in the ACC Trophy in Singapore in July 2002. He played in the annual Saudara Cup match against Singapore for the first time the following month.
In 2003, he played for Malaysia against the ECB National Academy, also playing in the Stan Nagaiah Trophy and Saudara Cup against Singapore. The following year, he played for a Malaysia Cricket Association Invitation XI against England A and the Stan Nagaiah Trophy.
In April 2004, he made his first-class debut against Nepal in the ICC Intercontinental Cup. Following this match, it would be more than three years before his next international, returning to play in the ACC Twenty20 Cup in Kuwait in late 2007.
References
1981 births
Living people
Malaysian cricketers
Place of birth missing (living people)
Malaysian people of Tamil descent
Malaysian sportspeople of Indian descent |
Frédéric-François-Louis Perrier (22 May 1849 – 16 May 1913) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1912–1913). , he is the member with the shortest time in office (14 months).
Biography
Perrier was born in Neuchâtel, Switzerland. He was the uncle of Denise and Raymonde Berthoud and was the eldest child of architect Louis-Daniel Perrier and Cécile Dardel. At the age of 19, he went to study in Stuttgart, Germany. He obtained his architect degree from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich. He first acquired work experience with his father and participating in the construction of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Sèvres. After this his real career as an architect began. The University of Neuchâtel and the Hôtel des Postes de La-Chaux-de-Fonds are two among many of his prestigious works.
In 1889 he became a member of the Grand Conseil neuchâtelois before becoming a member of the Conseil national of the Canton of Neuchâtel in 1902. From 1903 to 1912, Perrier was a member of the Conseil d'Etat of the Canton of Neuchâtel (cantonal government). He was affiliated to the Free Democratic Party. He presided the Conseil d'Etat twice: 1905/1906 and 1909/1910.
He was elected to the Federal Council on 12 March 1912 and died in office the subsequent year on 16 May 1913. During his time in office he held the following departments:
Department of Posts and Railways (1912)
Department of Home Affairs (1913)
As a single, Perrier also manage to find the time to pursue an impressive military career. He became colonel in 1896 and between 1902 and 1905, commanded the génie du 1er corps d'armée and the forts de Saint-Maurice troops.
Quai Louis-Perrier in Neuchâtel is named after him.
References
Sources
Dictionnaire biographique des cent premiers conseillers fédéraux - Urs Altermatt, 1993 (p. 312-315)
Présidences du Conseil d'Etat depuis 1848
External links
1849 births
1913 deaths
People from Neuchâtel
Swiss Calvinist and Reformed Christians
Free Democratic Party of Switzerland politicians
Members of the Federal Council (Switzerland)
Members of the National Council (Switzerland)
ETH Zurich alumni |
Oliver Hart Dockery (August 12, 1830 near Rockingham, North Carolina – March 21, 1906), son of Alfred Dockery, was a farmer and a politician, elected as a Republican Congressional Representative from North Carolina after the Civil War. Before the war he was elected in 1858 to one term in the State house of representatives.
Early life
Oliver Hart Dockery was born in 1830 in Rockingham, North Carolina. He attended public school and Wake Forest College; was graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1848. He studied law, but never practiced. He engaged in agricultural pursuits and became involved in politics. He was elected as a member of the State house of representatives in 1858 and 1859.
Civil War and after
During the American Civil War, he served for a short time in the Confederate service, but withdrew and advocated sustaining the Federal Government. Upon the readmission of North Carolina to representation, he was elected as a Republican to the Fortieth Congress; reelected to the Forty-first Congress and served from July 13, 1868, to March 3, 1871. He was chairman, Committee on the Freedmen's Bureau (Forty-first Congress); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1870 to the Forty-second Congress. After that he returned to agricultural pursuits. In 1875, following the increasing violence of the election campaign of 1874, when a Democratic governor was elected, he was a member of the State constitutional convention in 1875.
Dockery was an unsuccessful Republican nominee for Governor of North Carolina in 1888. He was appointed by the national Republican administration as United States consul general at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on June 14, 1889, and served until July 1, 1893. After the administration changed, he resumed agricultural pursuits.
He returned to politics in 1896, running as an unsuccessful Populist Party nominee for Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina. That year Republican Daniel Lindsay Russell was elected as governor, when a Populist candidate drew off some Democratic votes.
Dockery died in Baltimore, Maryland, March 21, 1906. He was interred in his family cemetery at Mangum, North Carolina.
See also
40th United States Congress
41st United States Congress
External links
U.S. Congressional Biographical Directory entry
OurCampaigns.com biography
Wake Forest University alumni
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni
1906 deaths
1830 births
North Carolina Populists
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from North Carolina
19th-century American politicians |
The De Soto County-class tank landing ship was a class of tank landing ship of United States Navy and later sold to the Italian and Brazilian Navy.
Development
In the 1950s, eight ships were authorized to begin construction but one was later cancelled as the ship's contract was not awarded. The remaining seven ships were put into service between 1957 and 1959. The ships were designed to give a comfortable experience for the crew thus the ships were air conditioned. They have the capability of carrying vehicles or equipments up to 75 tons and 87.7 meters.
Five ships were decommissioned in 1972, with LST-1171 and LST-1175 being sold to Italy. Brazil too acquired LST-1174 and commissioned her into service. LST-1176 was converted into a patrol gunboat support ship and reclassified as AGP-1176. LST-1178 was to be converted into a support ship for the Pegasus-class hydrofoils but plans later fell through.
Ships of class
Citations
De Soto County-class tank landing ships
Amphibious warfare vessel classes
Tank landing ships |
Defense Grid: The Awakening is a tower defense video game developed by Hidden Path Entertainment for Windows and Xbox Live Arcade on the Xbox 360. The game was one of the titles promoted by Microsoft during their Game Developers Conference keynote speech on February 20, 2008. The game was released for Microsoft Windows on December 8, 2008, and for Xbox 360 on September 2, 2009. The OS X version shipped from Virtual Programming on July 7, 2010.
Players must defend military bases from waves of attacking aliens by positioning a range of tower-based weaponry. New levels provided as downloadable content have been developed in the two years since the game's initial release. Reviewers praised the game, with many noting that the quality of the game was high for a budget title.
From July 1 to July 16 of 2013, Microsoft made the game available free to Xbox 360 Gold members. This giveaway was part of Microsoft's "Games With Gold" Program.
Gameplay
The player must defend power cores, which are usually located at a power station, from the invading enemy using ten different tower types. Tower construction is limited to specific platforms. Towers cannot be destroyed by the enemies.
Good tower placement is the key strategic object of the game. Each tower has unique trade-offs that affect ideal placement, such as line-of-sight or ballistic trajectory fire; a large area of effect or damage over time; and minimum and maximum ranges. The "insectoid" enemies arrive in waves and travel along elevated pathways which connect various structures found at the bases. Killing enemies earns resources, which can be used to build more towers and upgrade towers toward two stronger levels. Depending on the tower type an upgrade will provide a more powerful attack, an increased rate of fire and increased range. Tower strength is denoted by the colours green, yellow and red. Towers may be sold (removed) if resources are needed or a player wants to alter pathways. Resources earn interest with the rate increasing the more resources are obtained. The tower defenses are supplemented by the use of an orbital laser which completely destroys all aliens in its blast zone in one strike. The laser is not available in early missions and takes time to recharge. No resources are earned from enemies destroyed by the orbital laser.
During the game, the player battles fifteen types of enemies, each with unique capabilities and strategies. Some aliens are protected by shields which have to be destroyed first before the alien's health will decrease. The aliens will always take the shortest route and some of the aliens fly, requiring towers with aerial weapons for defense. The invaders are able to carry between one and three power cores. If an alien is killed while carrying a core, the orb will slowly float back to the power station. While returning the power core can be grabbed by an alien which will then head for the exit without reaching the power station. A ticker at the top of the screen advises players of the approaching alien wave's formation.
Players have the ability to speed up a game, along with being able to see weapons' range and aerial aliens path, and can also revert to a previously, automatically saved checkpoint. Defense Grid can be viewed at three different levels of zoom. When a level is successfully completed a set of challenges using the same map become available. Players earn medals depending on how well they complete a level. A Steam leaderboard that provides a comparative ranking of player's game scores and other statistics is available.
Plot
The story is based on alien invasion of a planet that has a dormant defense grid. As the player is re-activating the defense system with the assistance of a computer to control the machinery and with only limited resources, the aliens attempt to steal power cores. Power cores are "tiny floating orbs" that provide vital power to the defense grid. Cores are carried by aliens, and when the aliens carrying them die, the cores are dropped, and will slowly float back to their central holder. Once all power cores have been taken from the level, the game is over. Only one power core needs to remain when the last wave of aliens are defeated to complete a level.
Defense Grid is set in the distant future. Most levels feature ancient ruins with defensive military bases built amongst the decaying structures. The game was originally planned to be set amongst an urban environment which has been ravaged by war but that was changed to something more original. The main character in the game, which is called Fletcher, is a computer with human-like qualities that wants to protect his homeworld from destruction.
Development
During development, which started in late 2007, the game was known as Last Stand. The development team were aiming to create a standard tower defense game but in 3D, downloadable and with high production values.
The game was created by Mark Terrano, the lead designer of Age of Empires II: The Age of Kings, and uses the Gamebryo engine. Defense Grid also uses the Scaleform GFx user interface engine. The lead designer for the game was Michael Austin. Lex Story contributed to the design of the 30 different towers which appear in the game.
Downloadable content
Defense Grid: Borderlands was the first set of new levels provided as downloadable content. Defense Grid: Resurgence was announced on 29 May 2010 by Hidden Path Entertainment. The downloadable content is made up of eight new maps, released in installments of two maps each week throughout June 2010. Each map includes a campaign mode and four challenge modes. The content is available for PC and Xbox 360.
In December 2011, Defense Grid: You Monster was released for PC and Xbox 360. Featuring the GLaDOS character from Portal, the add-on pack offers a new story mode of eight levels and 35 challenges. In preparation for the release, Hidden Path updated the core game with user interface enhancements, new game modes and challenge missions.
In December 2012, Hidden Path released four free maps called the Community Levels DLC. These levels were selected from designs submitted by Kickstarter community members using the level visualizer tool given to all backers that pledged $20 or more. The DLC was originally released exclusively to Kickstarter backers in conjunction with the Defense Grid: Containment beta. These levels were later made available to the public for free in exchange for registering to the Hidden Path newsletter.
In January 2013, Defense Grid: Containment was released for PC. It contained 8 maps and a story that bridged the gap between the original Awakening story line and the planned sequel, Defense Grid 2. Kickstarter backers who pledged $50 or more were allowed to test the beta version and were granted pre-release access to the completed DLC.
Reception
On December 16, 2009, Gamasutra included Defense Grid on its Best Of 2009: Top 5 Console Downloadable Games. As of years-end 2011 the game sold nearly 116,000 copies on the Xbox 360.
The April 2009 issue of PC Gamer awarded Defense Grid a 90% and an Editor's Choice badge, stating, "Defense Grid is such a charming and challenging experience that shouldn't be missed by tower defense fans. Even if you're not a fan, it may turn you into one." GamePro said, "Defense Grid: The Awakening is a prime example of that sudden transformation of taking an unoriginal, well-known style of video game and turning it into a masterpiece for your PC", awarding the title 4.5 stars out of 5. IGN 8 out of 10 review stated, "It's an addictive time suck that will have you wishing for more once you've wiped up the last alien." The GameShark review thought Defense Grid was a "solid, well-rounded strategy game". A Thunderbolt Games review thought the game was "a charming little tower defence title with a decent story and challenging gameplay."
The Destructoid review lamented there being only 20 levels. A number of reviewers felt the game would be much better if it came with a level creator. The GamePro review felt some gamers might find the game a little repetitive. A few reviews noted the lack of any multiplayer options. Another review noted that navigating the menus can be a little clumsy.
Sequel
In July 2012, a Kickstarter project was created by Hidden Path Entertainment to help fund a sequel game titled Defense Grid 2. In August 2012, the Kickstarter project failed to reach its ultimate funding goal of US$1,000,000 for Defense Grid 2's development. However, the project did succeed in fully funding development of a new 8 level expansion to the original game which was named Defense Grid: Containment. Hidden Path continued to talk to potential investors in an attempt to secure the funding to develop the aforementioned sequel, and on March 6, 2014, it was announced that Hidden Path had partnered with 505 Games in addition to angel investor Steven Dengler's Dracogen Inc. for the sequel. The sequel was released in September 2014 for Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux, Xbox One and PlayStation 4.
References
External links
2008 video games
Alien invasions in video games
Gamebryo games
Games about extraterrestrial life
Hidden Path Entertainment games
Indie games
MacOS games
Microsoft games
Science fiction video games
Single-player video games
Tower defense video games
Video games about extraterrestrial life
Video games developed in the United States
Video games with expansion packs
Virtual Programming (company) games
Windows games
Xbox 360 Live Arcade games |
Panče Ristevski (born 30 September 1974) is a retired Macedonian football midfielder.
References
1974 births
Living people
Macedonian men's footballers
FK Pobeda players
FK Rabotnički players
FK Belasica players
FK Apolonia Fier players
North Macedonia men's international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Macedonian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Albania
Macedonian expatriate sportspeople in Albania |
Casa Branca () is a civil parish in the municipality of Sousel.
Location and statistics
References
Parishes of Sousel |
Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel (, German and ; 19 December 1744 – 17 August 1836) was a cadet member of the house of Hesse-Kassel and a Danish general field marshal. Brought up with relatives at the Danish court, he spent most of his life in Denmark, serving as royal governor of the twin duchies of Schleswig-Holstein from 1769 to 1836 and commander-in-chief of the Norwegian army from 1772 to 1814.
Early life
Charles was born in Kassel on 19 December 1744 as the second surviving son of Hesse-Kassel's then hereditary prince, the future Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and his first wife Princess Mary of Great Britain. His mother was a daughter of King George II of Great Britain and Princess Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach and a sister of Queen Louise of Denmark.
His father, the future landgrave (who reigned from 1760 and died in 1785), left the family in 1747 and converted to Catholicism in 1749. In 1755 he formally ended the marriage with Mary. The grandfather, William VIII, Landgrave of Hesse, granted the county of Hanau and its revenues to Mary and her sons.
The young Prince Charles and his two brothers, William and Frederick, were raised by their mother and fostered by Protestant relatives since 1747.
In 1756, Mary moved to Denmark to look after her sister, Queen Louise of Denmark's children. She took her own children with her and they were raised at the royal court at Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen. The Hessian princes later remained in Denmark, becoming important lords and royal functionaries. Only the eldest brother William returned to Hesse, in 1785, upon ascending the landgraviate.
Early career
Charles began a military career in Denmark. In 1758 he was appointed colonel, at the age of 20 major general and in 1765 was put in charge of the artillery. After his cousin, King Christian VII, acceded to the throne in 1766, he was appointed lieutenant general, commander of the Royal Guard, knight of the Order of the Elephant and member of the Privy Council.
In 1766, he was appointed Governor-General of Norway as successor to Jacob Benzon (1688–1775). He held the position until 1770 but which remained mostly titular, as he never went to Norway during this period.
In 1763, his elder brother William married their first cousin, Danish Princess Caroline. Charles followed suit on 30 August 1766 at Christiansborg Palace — his wife was Louise of Denmark, and Charles thus became brother-in-law to his cousin, King Christian VII of Denmark. The marriage took place despite advice given against it, due to many accusations of debauchery by Prince Charles and the poor influence he had on the King.
Shortly after, Charles fell into disfavour at court, and in early 1767 he and Louise left Copenhagen to live with his mother in the county of Hanau. They would have their first child, Marie Sophie, there in 1767 and then their second child, William, in 1769.
In 1768, Charles purchased the landed property and village of Offenbach-Rumpenheim from the Edelsheim family. In 1771 he had the manor expanded into a castle and princely seat. His mother Mary lived in the palace until her death in 1772. In 1781, Charles sold the Rumpenheim Castle to his younger brother, Frederick.
Governor of Schleswig-Holstein
In 1769, Prince Charles of Hesse was appointed royal Governor of the twin duchies of Schleswig and Holstein (initially only the royal share, so-called Holstein-Glückstadt before in 1773 the king also acquired the ducal share in Holstein) on behalf of the government of his brother-in-law, King Christian VII of Denmark and Norway. Charles took up residence at Gottorp Castle in Schleswig with his family. They would have their third child Frederick there in 1771.
In 1770, King Christian VII gave his sister the estate of Tegelhof in Güby between the City of Schleswig and Eckernförde. From 1772 to 1776, Charles had a summer residence constructed on the site which he named Louisenlund in honour of his wife.
Commander-in-chief of the Norwegian army
In September 1772, Charles was appointed commander-in-chief of the Norwegian army and he and Louise moved to Christiana. The assignment was a consequence of the coup d'état of King Gustav III of Sweden on 19 August 1772 and the subsequent prospect of war with Sweden. While in Norway, Princess Louise gave birth to their fourth child Juliane in 1773. Even though Charles returned to Schleswig-Holstein in 1774, he continued to function as commander-in-chief of the Norwegian army until 1814. At the time of his return from Norway, he was appointed field marshal.
During the War of the Bavarian Succession in 1778-79, he acted as a volunteer in the army of Frederick the Great and gained the trust of the Prussian king. Once, when Frederick was speaking against Christianity, he noticed a lack of sympathy of Charles' part. In response to an inquiry from the king, Charles said, "Sire, I am not more sure of having the honour of seeing you, than I am that Jesus Christ existed and died for us as our Saviour on the cross." After a moment of surprised silence, Frederick declared, "You are the first man who has ever declared such a belief in my hearing."
In 1788, the Swedish attack on Russia during the Russo Swedish War forced Denmark-Norway to declare war on Sweden in accordance with its 1773 treaty obligations to Russia. Prince Charles was put in command of a Norwegian army which briefly invaded Sweden through Bohuslän and won the Battle of Kvistrum Bridge. The army was closing in on Gothenburg, when peace was signed on 9 July 1789 following the diplomatic intervention of Great Britain and Prussia, bringing this so-called Lingonberry War to an end. On 12 November, the Norwegian army retreated back to Norway. During the retreat, the Danish-Norwegian army lost 1,500-3,000 men to hunger, disease, poor sanitary conditions, and exposure to continual autumn rainfall. Prince Charles was later criticised for his direction of the campaign and although he continued to function as commander-in-chief, he had lost his popularity in Norway.
When the crown prince and regent of Denmark-Norway, the future Frederick VI married Charles's eldest daughter Marie Sophie in 1790, he made several unsuccessful attempts at substantially influencing decisions of the government and the regent.
Later life
Charles was a remarkable patron of theater and opera. He had his own court theater in Schleswig, and he involved himself extensively in its operations.
During the Napoleonic Wars, he was in command of the army which briefly occupied Hamburg and Lübeck in 1801.
On 25 January 1805, Charles was granted the title "Landgrave of Hesse" by his elder brother, who had assumed the higher dignity and title of Imperial Prince-Elector.
In 1807, the manor and village of Gereby by the Schlei near Kappeln in Schwansen was renamed Carlsburg in honour of Prince Charles. Charles had purchased the property of Gereby in 1785, where he abolished serfdom in 1790.
Following the death of his father's first cousin, prince Friedrich Wilhelm von Hessenstein, he inherited the estate of Panker in Holstein in 1808.
In 1814, ather the dissolution of Denmark-Norway, he lost the position of commander-in-chief of the Norwegian army, but was appointed general field marshal of the Danish army. In 1816 he became Grand Commander of the Order of the Dannebrog.
Prince Charles died on 17 August 1836 in the castle of Louisenlund in Güby, Schleswig.
Marriage and issue
On 30 August 1766 at Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen, Charles married Princess Louise of Denmark, his first cousin, the youngest daughter of his aunt, Princess Louise of Great Britain, and King Frederick V of Denmark and Norway, who died the same year. The couple had the following children:
Marie Sophie, Princess of Hesse (20 October 1767 – 21 March 1852), married on 31 July 1790 her first cousin the future King Frederick VI of Denmark and Norway
Wilhelm, Prince of Hesse (15 January 1769 – 14 July 1772)
Prince Frederik of Hesse (24 May 1771 – 24 February 1845), Governor-general of Norway, married only morganatically Clarelia Dorothea (Klara) von Brockdorff (1778-1836), daughter of Ditlev von Brockdorff (1708-1790) and his second wife, Henriette Friederike von Blome (b.1745). Frederik was a general and royal governor.
Juliane, Princess of Hesse (19 January 1773 – 11 March 1860), Protestant Abbess of Itzehoe
Prince Christian of Hesse (14 August 1776 – 14 November 1814)
Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel (28 September 1789 – 13 March 1867), married on 28 January 1810 Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
Princess Louise died at Gottorp Castle on 12 January 1831.
Ancestry
References
External links
Biography in Dansk Biografisk Leksikon 1. ed.
working lodge found by Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel
1744 births
1836 deaths
Charles
Governors-general of Norway
Grand Commanders of the Order of the Dannebrog
People of the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)
Norwegian military personnel
Danish military commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
Norwegian military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
Children of Frederick V of Denmark
Sons of monarchs |
was a Japanese samurai and scholar of kokugaku, known during his lifetime as an expert on ancient court ceremonial practices. He published picture books (ezōshi) under the pen name , and also wrote under the names and . His full official name was .
Biography
Tada Yoshitoshi was born in 1698 to a gokenin family affiliated with Tada Shrine in Settsu Province. He was allegedly a descendant of the Heian period warrior-aristocrat Tada Mitsunaka.
He studied Chinese literature as well as the Suika Shinto of Yamazaki Ansai under at Osaka. Tada subsequently became an active teacher of court ceremony and Shinto studies in that city. Later, he travelled to Kyoto to participate in research under the scholar . However, he was expelled by Tsuboi after publishing an essay in which he questioned the credibility of the Kuji Hongi.
Before his death, Tada gained as a disciple of Owari Domain. He died on October 12, 1750.
References
1698 births
1750 deaths
Samurai
Kokugaku scholars
Japanese Shintoists
Japanese writers of the Edo period |
Sri Guru Nanak Dev Khalsa College is a constituent college of University of Delhi which offers courses in Commerce and Humanities at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The College was established in 1973 and is named after first Guru of the Sikhs and functions under the able management of Delhi Sikh Gurudwara Management Committee. The college has been granted minority status by the National Commission for Minority Education institutions. The College is located in Guru Ravi Das Marg, Block 4, Dev Nagar, Karol Bagh, New Delhi, Delhi 110005.
Previously, it was known as Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Khalsa College (Evening). It is also popularly known as SGND Khalsa or SGNDK in order avoid confusion with Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Khalsa College.
Courses offered
Bachelor of Science (Honors) Mathematics
Bachelor of Commerce (Honors)
Bachelor of Commerce (Programme)
B.A. with Hons in Business Economics
B.A. with Hons in English
B.A. with Hons in Hindi
B.A. with Hons in Hindi Journalism and Mass Communication
B.A. with Hons in History
B.A. with Hons in Political Science
B.A. with Hons in Punjabi
B.A. Programme
M.A. (Punjabi)
M.Com.
Societies
Academic Societies
Asankh - The Mathematics Society
Udyamita - The Entrepreneurship Cell
Vanaj- The Commerce Society
Kirt- The Economics Society
Sofica- Society for Financial Literacy & Consumer Awareness
Vedang - debating and quizzing society
Encore- The English Society
Virsa- The History Society
Civil Society - The Political Science Society
Hindi Sahitya Sabha
Punjabi Sahitya Sabha
Extra Curricular Societies
AnC- The Arts & Culture Society
Certatus- Model United Nations Society
Photobug - The Photography and Videography Society
Nepathya - The Dramatics Society
Vedang- The Debating and Quizzing Society
Sarbloh warriors - The Gatka Society
Magus - The Western Dance Society
Vijyant - The NCC Club
NSS Wing
Cyber Clan - The I.T. Society
Musoc- The Music Society
Impasto- The Fine Arts Society
The Bhangra Society
Unit
Leaders For Tomorrow SGND Unit.
The college has an Equal Opportunity Cell (EOC) and Students' Union for the welfare of students.
Surlok: The Annual Festival of SGND Khalsa College
The College organises an inter-college annual festival "Surlok" every year which witnesses a footfall of thousands of college students from Delhi NCR participating in various competitions including Street Play, Western Dance, Folk Dance, Solo Singing, as well as fun activities like Dubsmash, Blind Date etc. ranging over 3 Days.
The Annual Convention 2016
In March 2016, the college organised its Annual convention on the theme-" Startup India: The Road Ahead" to promote the entrepreneurial ecosystem among the college students. The Convention witnessed the likes of entrepreneurial pioneers including Dr. Ritesh Malik (Forbes Asia Top 30 under 30 entrepreneur), Sachin Garg (Best Selling Indian Author), Ajay Chaturvedi (Founder, HarVa) and many others.
Sports
Every year, the college organises the Annual Sports Day at Thyagraj Stadium, Delhi which witnesses huge participation from students and the teachers across wide variety of indoor and outdoor games which had been graced by some of the renowned sports personalities including Ms. Asha Aggarwal (Arjuna Awardee,Indian Women Marathon Champion) etc.
Infrastructure
College Library
The college library not only houses some 73366 books but also subscribes to more than fifty National & International Journals and Magazines.
See also
Education in India
Literacy in India
List of institutions of higher education in Delhi
References
External links
Official College Website
www.du.ac.in
Delhi University
Universities and colleges in Delhi
Memorials to Guru Nanak
1973 establishments in Delhi
Educational institutions established in 1953 |
Rhodanobacter caeni is a Gram-negative and motile bacterium from the genus of Rhodanobacter which has been isolated from sewage sludge from Daejeon in Korea.
References
Xanthomonadales
Bacteria described in 2012 |
Antti Vilho Olavi Litja (21 February 1938 – 13 July 2022) was a Finnish actor.
Litja made over 60 film and television appearances since 1959. A prominent figure in Finnish film in the 1970s and 1980s, since the mid-1990s he mostly appeared on television.
Litja played the main character in the 1977 film The Year of the Hare about a Finnish man from Helsinki who leaves to find a new life in the wilderness.
Selected filmography
The Year of the Hare (1977)
Wonderman (1979)
That Kiljunen Family (1981)
The Clan – Tale of the Frogs (1984)
Farewell, Mr. President (1987)
The Glory and Misery of Human Life (1988)
A Charming Mass Suicide (2000)
Princess (2010)
The Grump (2014)
References
External links
1938 births
2022 deaths
People from Kamennogorsk
Finnish male film actors
Finnish male television actors
20th-century Finnish male actors
21st-century Finnish male actors |
Detașamentul Special de Protecție și Intervenție (DSPI, The Special Detachment of Protection and Intervention, ex-Detașamentul de Intervenție Rapidă, DIR) of the Romanian Ministry of Defense is an elite special operations unit of the Romanian military. It should not be confused with the Detașamentul de Poliție pentru Intervenție Rapidă (DPIR/SPIR/DIR, Police Rapid Intervention Detachment) of the Police Force. They are different units, with radically different capabilities and reporting structure.
History
During the early 1990s, a very small special operations (SOF) detachment was born within the Romanian military. It was incorporated in what was at that time the 30th Guard Brigade, or Brigada 30 Gardă "Mihai Viteazul".
Referred to simply as "the special operations subunit", this small detachment was relatively unknown, even among armed forces personnel. In a few years, the unit was renamed Detașamentul pentru Protecția Demnitarilor Militari (DPDM, "Detachment for the Protection of Military Dignitaries"). DPDM continued to be part of the 30th Guard Brigade. In 1998, the same year when the top-secret Grupul Antiterorist of the Foreign Intelligence Service (SIE) was born, the DPDM was given its current name, Detașamentul de Intervenție Rapidă, and starting with 2009 was renamed into "Detașamentul Special de Protecție și Intervenție".
In 2000, DSPI was moved again, from the 30th Guard Brigade to the Military Police. This was followed 5 years later by the reduction of the 30th Guard Brigade and its transformation into a regiment. The number of DSPI operatives continued to grow, and the detachment reached company-size soon (145 members in 2003).
In December 2003, the military, which had kept the detachment secret for six years, unveiled it in a public show on television. DSPI was presented as being a small detachment of carefully selected operatives used mainly to protect military VIPs in Romania, as well as foreign VIPs visiting the country. However, when interviewed by a reporter, a DSPI operative stated that he had participated in several operations abroad, along with similar units from other NATO countries. Captain Arthur Elisei also suggested that DSPI has been partially modeled after the British SAS; the detachment has also trained with the Israeli Sayeret Mat'kal and Italy's GIS (Gruppo di Intervento Speciale).
Organization
DSPI is a special unit inside the military, and is formed of highly skilled individuals. A very large percentage of its members are champions in martial arts, kickboxing, athletic disciplines and so on. DSPI was, until December 2003, top secret.
DSPI operatives operate both in small 4- or 6-man teams and in larger teams, depending on the task to be performed. Although the detachment's main missions are VIP protection and anti-terrorist intervention, the unit is also capable of hostage rescue, airborne/seaborne assault and DA (Direct Action), which make it the Romanian equivalent of the British SAS, US Army's Delta Force or Israel's "Sayeret Mat'kal".
DSPI is one of the three structures composing the Special Operations Command (created in 2005), the others being PSY OPS unit and the Batalionul 1 Operații Speciale (Special Forces Battalion).
Present, Detașamentul Special de Protecție și Intervenție is part of structure of the Direcția Generală de Informații a Apărării.
Weapons
Despite Romania being a NATO member, DSPI operatives continue to often sport AK-47 rifles when engaged in public events; however they are also equipped with a host of other weapons which are used according to the mission objectives:
Assault Rifles: M16A2, FNC Short, SG551, H&K 33E, G3, C7.
Sub-Machine gun: Mini UZI, MP5 - standard for anti-terrorist engagements, FN P90.
Support Weapons: Heckler & Koch G3-SG1 and PSG-1, Mauser customized with 86SR and 93 SR, CZ 700 sniper rifle.
Special equipment: Browning MK III pistol, H&K P8 pistol, Colt Smart Gun EP1 pistol.
References
External links
Article about the DIR on the Romanian Military Press site
Military units and formations of Romania
Ministry of National Defence (Romania)
Special forces of Romania |
Simon Barry (born 25 September 1966, in London, UK) is a Canadian screenwriter, film producer, director and television producer.
Career
Barry is best known for his work on the Canadian sci-fi series Continuum (2012–2015). In 2013, building on his track record on Continuum, he joined Stephen Hegyes as co-founders of Reality Distortion Field, a Vancouver-based production company that develops original content for sci-fi, horror, and fantasy genres.
Through Reality Distortion Field, Barry is show-runner and executive producer for the Netflix fantasy series Warrior Nun (2020).
Filmography
Feature credits
Television credits
References
External links
The Hollywood Reporter – 'Continuum' Creator Simon Barry, Stephen Hegyes Launch Genre Production Company – November 2013
Collider – Simon Barry Talks CONTINUUM, What They Wanted to Achieve in Season 2, and Looking Forward to Season 3 – August, 2013
1966 births
Film producers from British Columbia
Canadian television producers
Living people
Canadian male screenwriters
21st-century Canadian screenwriters
Canadian television directors
Canadian male television writers |
Joseph Camilleri (born 1944) is an Australian citizen of Maltese descent. He is a social scientist and philosopher. In philosophy he mostly specialised and interested in international relations.
Life
Camilleri was born in 1944 into a Maltese family residing in Egypt. His family moved to Australia when he was still very young. He studied at Melbourne University, Australia, from where he acquired his Bachelor of Arts, at Monash University, also in Melbourne, from where he acquire his Masters' degree, and at London University, England, where he became Doctor of Philosophy. Between 1967 and 1968 Camilleri was Teaching Fellow at Monash University. Subsequently, he was Noel Buxton Fellow at the London School of Economics (1969–72), and Senior Teaching Fellow in Politics at Monash University (1969–72). Then, at La Trobe University in Victoria, Australia, he was Lecturer (1973–80), Senior Lecturer (1981–87), and Reader (1988–93), all in Politics. As Professor of International Relations, he currently holds Personal Chair in Politics in the School of Social Sciences at La Trobe University. He is also the Director of the Centre for Dialogue, also at La Trobe. He has taught over thirty different subjects at undergraduate and postgraduate level in the following areas ranging from theories of world politics, conflict analysis and peace research to nuclear weapons in international relations, oil and the politics of the Middle East, and the foreign policies of the United States, China, Russia, France, Japan, and Australia. His many research projects include governance and the development of multilateral regional and global institutions. Since 1995 he has been a Member of the Australian Committee of the Council for Security and Cooperation in Asia Pacific (AUS CSCAP). He is also Member of the Advisory Board of the Scholarly Journal Global Governance (since 1997), and a Member of the Advisory Council of the Toda Institute for Peace and Global Policy Research (since 1998).
Works
Camilleri has published widely. The following is a select list of publications:
Books
1973 – Security and Survival: The New Era in International Relations.
1973 – In Introduction to Australian Foreign Policy.
1976 – Civilization in Crisis: Human Prospects in a Changing World.
1980 – Chinese Foreign Policy: The Maoist Era and its Aftermath.
1980 – Australian-American Relations: The Web of Dependence.
1984 – The State and Nuclear Power: Conflict and Control in the Western World.
1987 – The Australia-New Zealand-U.S. Alliance: Regional Security in the Nuclear Age.
1989 – New Economic Directions for Australia.
1992 – The End of Sovereignty? The Politics of a Shrinking and Fragmenting World.
1995 – The State in Transition: Reimagining Political Space (co-editor).
1998 – Globalization: The Perspectives and Experiences of the Religious Traditions of Asia Pacific (co-editor)
2000 – Reimagining the Future: Towards Democratic Governance.
2000 – States, Markets and Civil Society in Asia Pacific, The Political Economy of Asia Pacific, Volume 1.
2001 – Religion and Culture in Asia Pacific: Violence or Healing? (editor).
2002 – Democratizing Global Governance (co-editor).
2003 – Regionalism in the New Asia-Pacific Order: the Political Economy of Asia Pacific, Volume 2.
2007 – Asia-Pacific Geopolitics: Hegemony vs. Human Security (co-editor).
Chapters in books
1993 – "Alliances and Emerging Post-Cold War Security System," in Charting the Post-Cold War Order, ed. by Richard Leaver and James L. Richardson.
1995 – "Asia-Pacific Multilateralism: Australian Perspectives and Priorities," in Towards an Era of Cooperation, ed. by Dipankar Banerjee.
1995 – "Mantenimiento de la paz, pacificacion de crisis despues de la Guerra Fria," in La Naciones Unidas a los cincuenta anos, ed. by Modesto Seara Vazquez.
1995 – "The Cold War ... and After: A New Period of Upheaval in World Politics," in Why the Cold War Ended, ed. by Ralph Summy and Michael Salla.
1995 – "The Asia-Pacific in the Post Hegemonic World," in Pacific Co-operation: Building Economic and Security Reigmes in the Asia-Pacific Region, edited by Andrew Mack and John Ravenhill, Boulder, Co.: Westview Press, 1995, pp. 180–207.
1995 – "State, Economy and Civil Society," in The State in Transition: Reimagining Political Space, ed. by A. P. Jarvis, and A. P. Paolini.
1996 – "Impoverishment and the Nation State," in Earthly Goods: Environmental Change and Social Justice, ed. by Fen Osler Hampson and Judith Reppy.
1997 – "ASEAN's Unique Contribution to Regional Security," in The ASEAN: Thirty Years and Beyond, ed. by Maria Lourdes Aranal-Sereno and Joseph Sedfrey Santiago.
1997 – "The Pacific House: The Emerging Architecture for Comprehensive Security," in No Better Alternative: Towards Comprehensive and Cooperative Security in the Asia-Pacific, ed. by David Dickens.
1998 – "Globalisation and the New Internationalism," in Globalization: The Perspectives and Experiences of the Religious Traditions of Asia Pacific, ed. by Joseph A. Camilleri and Chandra Muzaffar.
1998 – "The UN's Place in the Era of Globalization: A Four Dimensional Perspective," in Between Sovereignty and Global Governance: The State, Civil Society, and the United Nations, ed. by A.J. Paolini, A.P. Jarvis and C. Reus-Smit.
1999 – "The Multilateral Dimensions of Australia's Security Policy," in Maintaining the Strategic Edge: The Defence of Australia, ed. by Des Ball.
1999 – "Regionalism and Globalism in Asia Pacific: The Interplay of Economy, Security and Politics," in Asian Peace: Security and Governance in the Asia-Pacific, ed. by Majid Tehranian.
2000 – "The Security Dilemma Revisited: Implications for Asia Pacific," in Asia's Emerging Regional Order: Reconciling Traditional and Human Security, ed. by W. Tow, R.Thakur and In-Taek Hyan.
2003 – "Globalization of Insecurity: The Democratic Imperative," in The Future of Peace in the Twenty-First Century, ed. by Nicholas N. Kittrie, Rodrigo Carazo and James R. Mancham.
2002 – "Peace Operations: the Road Ahead," in Democratizing Global Governance, ed. by Joseph Camilleri and Eşref Aksu.
2002 – "Rethinking the Structures of Global Governance," in Democratizing Global Governance, ed. by Joseph Camilleri and Eşref Aksu.
2002 – "The Politics of Reform," in Democratizing Global Governance, ed. by Joseph Camilleri and Eşref Aksu.
2004 – "WTO: The Competitive Dynamic of Globalization at Work" (with George Myconos), in Balancing Act: Law, Policy and Politics in Globalization and Global Trade, ed. by Jianfu Chen and Gordon Walker.
2007 – "Between Alliance and Regional Engagement: Current realities and future possibilities," in Asia-Pacific Geopolitics: Hegemony vs. Human Security, ed. by Joseph Camilleri, L. Marshall, M.S. Michael and M.T. Seigel.
2008 – "Sovereignty Discourse and Practice – Past and Future," in Re-envisioning Sovereignty the End of Westphalia?, ed. by Trudy Jacobsen, Charles Sampford and Ramesh Thakur.
2008 – "The Competition for Power and Legitimacy in an Age of Transition," in Challenges to Global Security, ed. by Hussein Solomon.
2008 – "The 'War on Terror': Reassessing its Rationale and Efficacy," in The 'Global War on Terror' and the Question of World Order, ed. by Hans Köchler.
Articles
1976 – "Dependence and the Politics of Disorder," Arena.
1977 – "The Myth of the Peaceful Atom," Millenium: Journal of International Studies.
1981 – "The Advanced Capitalist State and the Contemporary World Crisis," Science and Society.
1986 – "After Social Democracy," Arena.
1988 – "Les strategies armees de la paix," Vivant Univers.
1991 – "Problems in Australian Foreign Policy: January–June 1991," Australian Journal of Politics and History.
1991 – "Problems in Australian Foreign Policy: July–December 1990," Australian Journal of Politics and History.
1994 – "Security: Old Dilemmas and New Challenges in the Post-Cold War Environment," GeoJournal.
1994 – "Human Rights, Cultural Diversity and Conflict Resolution: The Asia-Pacific Context," Pacifica Review.
1998 – "Regional Human Rights Dialogue in Asia Pacific; Prospects and Proposals," Pacifica Review: Peace Security and Global Change.
2001 – "Globalization of Insecurity: The Democratic Imperative," International Journal on World Peace.
2002 – "Terrorism, the 'War on Terror' and the Globalisation of Insecurity," Arena Journal.
2003 – "A Leap into the Past – in the Name of the National Interest," Australian Journal of International Affairs.
References
External links
Camilleri’s website
Academic staff of La Trobe University
Australian social scientists
Maltese emigrants to Australia
Living people
1944 births |
Genevieve Morris (born 1967) is an Australian comedian and actress, best known for being among the regular cast on the popular comedy series Comedy Inc and appearing in a popular advertising campaign for ANZ.
She has also had recurring roles in Seven Network police dramas Blue Heelers and City Homicide. She has performed in various stage productions since the early 1990s including the 2009 comedy show Spontaneous Broadway as Dame Helen Highwater, alongside Ross Daniels, Julia Zemiro and Geoff Paine.
In 2010, she appeared in multiple television commercials for ANZ bank portraying "Barbara the bank manager".
In 2011, Morris was part of the ensemble cast of the short-lived television series Ben Elton Live From Planet Earth where she was considered by some to be the program's breakout star. In 2013, she was a cast member of Wednesday Night Fever
More recently, she has starred in the crime comedy series No Activity as dispatch officer Carol. She also starred as a sonographer in a Doritos television commercial which was the runner-up in the 2016 Crash the Super Bowl competition.
In 2017, Morris was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, forcing her to pull out of a starring role in comedy series Sando with her role re-cast while she sought treatment. Morris is in remission after chemotherapy, and continued guest roles in The Family Law and True Story with Hamish & Andy as well as stage work.
In 2019, Morris joined the second season of comedy Squinters.
Filmography
Films
Television
References
External links
Genevieve Morris at IMDB
Australian television actresses
Living people
1967 births |
The North Dakota League of Cities was founded in Grand Forks, North Dakota, in 1912. It serves as a key resource for cities and park districts in North Dakota and also represents the interests of municipalities in state and federal public policy discussions. It is now located in Bismarck, North Dakota.
External links
North Dakota League of Cities website
Organizations based in North Dakota
Civic and political organizations of the United States |
```kotlin
package kotlinx.coroutines.testing
import kotlinx.coroutines.*
import kotlin.test.*
import kotlin.js.*
actual typealias NoJs = Ignore
actual val VERBOSE = false
actual val isStressTest: Boolean = false
actual val stressTestMultiplier: Int = 1
actual val stressTestMultiplierSqrt: Int = 1
@JsName("Promise")
external class MyPromise {
fun then(onFulfilled: ((Unit) -> Unit), onRejected: ((Throwable) -> Unit)): MyPromise
fun then(onFulfilled: ((Unit) -> Unit)): MyPromise
}
/** Always a `Promise<Unit>` */
public actual typealias TestResult = MyPromise
internal actual fun lastResortReportException(error: Throwable) {
println(error)
console.log(error)
}
actual open class TestBase(
private val errorCatching: ErrorCatching.Impl
): OrderedExecutionTestBase(), ErrorCatching by errorCatching {
private var lastTestPromise: Promise<*>? = null
actual constructor(): this(errorCatching = ErrorCatching.Impl())
actual fun println(message: Any?) {
kotlin.io.println(message)
}
actual fun runTest(
expected: ((Throwable) -> Boolean)?,
unhandled: List<(Throwable) -> Boolean>,
block: suspend CoroutineScope.() -> Unit
): TestResult {
var exCount = 0
var ex: Throwable? = null
/*
* This is an additional sanity check against `runTest` mis-usage on JS.
* The only way to write an async test on JS is to return Promise from the test function.
* _Just_ launching promise and returning `Unit` won't suffice as the underlying test framework
* won't be able to detect an asynchronous failure in a timely manner.
* We cannot detect such situations, but we can detect the most common erroneous pattern
* in our code base, an attempt to use multiple `runTest` in the same `@Test` method,
* which typically is a premise to the same error:
* ```
* @Test
* fun incorrectTestForJs() { // <- promise is not returned
* for (parameter in parameters) {
* runTest {
* runTestForParameter(parameter)
* }
* }
* }
* ```
*/
if (lastTestPromise != null) {
error("Attempt to run multiple asynchronous test within one @Test method")
}
val result = GlobalScope.promise(block = block, context = CoroutineExceptionHandler { _, e ->
if (e is CancellationException) return@CoroutineExceptionHandler // are ignored
exCount++
when {
exCount > unhandled.size ->
error("Too many unhandled exceptions $exCount, expected ${unhandled.size}, got: $e", e)
!unhandled[exCount - 1](e) ->
error("Unhandled exception was unexpected: $e", e)
}
}).catch { e ->
ex = e
if (expected != null) {
if (!expected(e)) {
console.log(e)
error("Unexpected exception $e", e)
}
} else
throw e
}.finally {
if (ex == null && expected != null) error("Exception was expected but none produced")
if (exCount < unhandled.size)
error("Too few unhandled exceptions $exCount, expected ${unhandled.size}")
errorCatching.close()
checkFinishCall()
}
lastTestPromise = result
@Suppress("CAST_NEVER_SUCCEEDS")
return result as MyPromise
}
}
actual val isNative = false
actual val isBoundByJsTestTimeout = true
actual val isJavaAndWindows: Boolean get() = false
actual val usesSharedEventLoop: Boolean = false
``` |
Naypyitaw State Academy (NSA) is a state-run university in Myanmar's national capital of Naypyidaw. Located in Zabuthiri Township, the university includes the faculties of arts, science, laws, economics, medicine, social studies and sports. NSA opened on 9 November 2022, to enable students from Naypyidaw Union Territory, including the children of civil servants, to pursue higher education without moving to urban centres like Yangon and Mandalay.
References
Universities and colleges in Myanmar
2022 establishments in Myanmar
Educational institutions established in 2022 |
Kodikal is a locality in Mangalore city, Karnataka, India.
Localities in Mangalore |
Region 7 or Region VII can refer to:
One of DVD region
One of health regions of Canada managed by Horizon Health Network
Former Region 7 (Johannesburg), an administrative district in the city of Johannesburg, South Africa, from 2000 to 2006
Region 7 National Canoe Base
Maule Region, Chile
Central Visayas, Philippines
Northwestern Regional School District No. 7
Region name disambiguation pages |
TAH, Tah or tah may refer to:
Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei
Total artificial heart
Tahitian language ISO 639 code
Whitegrass Airport, Tanna, Vanuatu, IATA code
Jonathan Tah, German footballer
Trans-African Highway network, Transcontinental roads project in Africa
Tah, Morocco
Alternative English name of the Arabic letter |
Wolfdietrich Schnurre (22 August 19209 June 1989) was a German writer. Best known for his short stories, he also wrote tales, diaries, poems, radio plays, and children's books. Born in Frankfurt am Main, and later raised in Berlin-Weißensee, he grew up in a lower-middle class family and did not receive a post-secondary education. He served in Nazi Germany's army from 1939 until 1945, when he escaped from a prisoner camp after having been arrested for desertion. He was briefly imprisoned by British troops; after his release he returned to Germany in 1946 and began to write commercially.
Schnurre's experiences during the Second World War informed the themes of his writings, which often discuss guilt and moral responsibility; though influenced by his socialist political views, his works aim at ethical activation of the reader and not political activism. He is sometimes considered a representative of the rubble literature movement, a short period in German literary history during which many authors, often former soldiers, sought to re-establish German literature after the incisive events of the war. He was a founding member of the literary association Gruppe 47, and his short story Das Begräbnis (The Funeral), which describes God's death and burial, was read at the group's first meeting in 1947. Guilt, remembrance and war experiences are central themes in all of his major works; short story collections (When father's beard was still red) and Als Vater sich den Bart abnahm (When father shaved his beard off) recount the experiences of the narrator and his father in lower-class Berlin during the period of the rise of Nazism, while his sole novel, (A misfortune, An accident) explores themes of guilt and responsibility surrounding the persecution of Jews under Nazi rule. Among his other major works is (The shadow photographer), a discontiguous collection of various texts.
He received many awards for his literary work, including the Immermann-Preis in 1959, the Bundesverdienstkreuz in 1981, and the Georg Büchner Prize in 1983. Schnurre remained a highly active writer from the 1940s through the 1970s, but his literary output decreased after he moved to Felde in the early 1980s. In 1989, he died of heart failure in Kiel.
Early life
Schnurre was born in Frankfurt am Main on 22 August 1920 to Otto and Erna Schnurre (née Zindel). Schnurre was raised by his father after Erna Schnurre left the family during his early childhood and remarried. A student at the time of Schnurre's birth, Otto Schnurre earned his income as a factory worker and graduated with a PhD in ornithology in 1921. The two lived in the Oberrad and Eschersheim districts of Frankfurt from 1920 to 1928. Schnurre frequently fell ill during childhood and was repeatedly placed in the care of Christian children's homes; traumatic experiences there contributed to his scepticism of religion in later life.
In 1934, Schnurre and his father moved to Berlin-Weißensee, where Otto Schnurre had found a job as deputy head librarian of the Berlin City Library. Schnurre attended a secular state school in Berlin until 1934, when he switched to a Humanistisches Gymnasium. Schnurre, who was relatively independent from an early age due to his father being preoccupied with work and affairs with women, grew up in a lower- to lower-middle-class social environment. He later characterised his experiences at school as largely shielded from National Socialist ideological influences, stating that his teachers were largely socialists, communists and proponents of the Weimar Democracy.
Military service and return
Schnurre served in the army of Nazi Germany from 1939 until 1945. The exact circumstances of his entry into service are unknown; according to his own version of events, which he recounted in a 1989 interview, he was conscripted into the Reich Labour Service in 1939 and volunteered for the Wehrmacht because he anticipated imminent conscription and was able to choose his branch of service this way.
During his military service, which included postings in Poland, Germany and France, Schnurre was repeatedly arrested and assigned to Strafkompanien. The exact reasons for these disciplinary actions are unknown, though at least some of them can be attributed to Schnurre's refusal to comply with the Wehrmacht's prohibition on writing. Schnurre unsuccessfully attempted desertion in 1945, and was arrested and sent to a prisoner camp. In April 1945, he successfully escaped the camp and fled to Westphalia. Schnurre was captured by British troops and briefly imprisoned near Paderborn. He had married during the war; the couple had a son who was born in October 1945.
Following his release from British captivity, Schnurre worked on a farm and later returned to East Berlin in 1946, where he became a trainee at Ullstein Verlag, and wrote as an art, film, and literature critic for publications that had been licensed by the American occupying powers. His writing for Western publications led to conflicts with the Soviet authorities in East Berlin, leading to Schnurre moving to West Berlin two years later.
Later life and literary career
Schnurre's war experiences had made him uncomfortable with working under superiors, so he quit work as a critic and became a freelance writer for radio stations and print publications in 1950. He remarried in 1952.
Schnurre was a founding member of the literary association Gruppe 47 and his short story Das Begräbnis (The funeral) was the first piece of literature read at the group's initial meeting. He became a member of the Federal Republic of Germany's branch of PEN in 1958, but left in 1961 to protest against PEN's silence after the construction of the Berlin Wall, which had separated him from his father. In 1964, he developed severe polyneuritis that left him completely paralysed for more than a year, and his recovery was slow. The costs of his extended hospital stay also led to financial troubles.
In 1965, his second wife died of suicide after 13 years of marriage. He remarried a year later; the couple adopted a son in 1974. In 1981, he published his first and only novel, (An accident, A misfortune). Schnurre moved to Felde in the early 1980s, leaving his family behind. During this time, his literary output decreased as Schnurre spent time in natureparticularly watching birdsinstead. He died of heart failure in Kiel on 9 June 1989 and was buried in the Waldfriedhof Zehlendorf cemetery in Berlin. He left behind detailed instructions for his funeral, requesting that there be no speech, sermon or music. Instead, he asked for "someone with a good voice" to read the "most beautiful story in the world", ("Unexpected reunion") by Johann Peter Hebel, and that the guests engage in small talk "at the grave, or at least at the cemetery".
Themes
Schnurre was highly active as an author and published more books than any other German author in the period between 1945 and 1972. His large and diverse body of works has been described as "hard to bring down to a catchy formula" by biographer Katharina Blencke. Despite this diversity, the Second World War consistently emerges as a fundamental thematic complex in Schnurre's works. While Schnurre had wanted to become an author since his childhood, he published little before 1945. The war catalysed his desire to write and heavily influenced the themes of his work. Forgetting and remembrance, death, violence, and especially guilt were frequent topics of his writings. Blencke has stated that Schnurre's "fundamental feeling of guilt became the crucial driver of his writing", and that his own memory served as the most important source of literary material. Schnurre is sometimes characterised as an exponent of the rubble literature movement, a short (1945c. 1950) period in German literary history during which some German authorsoften former soldierssought to capture the psychological and physical destruction they encountered after their return and to re-establish German literature by explicitly distancing themselves from the language and ideology of Nazi Germany.
Schnurre was uncomfortable with political labels and never joined a party, but expressed support for socialist ideas, specifically for the ideology of the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany, a short-lived offshoot of the Social Democratic Party of Germany that had dissolved long before he reached adulthood. Unlike many other German authors of the time, however, he did not intend for his writings to function as a vehicle for political agitation, but primarily as a means for "moral-ethical activation of the reader". He wanted to "write as a contemporary", and explicitly intended for his stories to be read by "average" and young readers. In his acceptance speech for the Georg Büchner Prize of 1983, he described his approach to writing:
Major works
In (The funeral), Schnurre tells the story of a man who unexpectedly receives a letter containing an obituary that informs him of God's death. He decides to attend the funeral; there are only seven other people in attendance, including two gravediggers and a priest who struggles to recall the name of the deceased, calling him "Klott or Gott or something like that". Schnurre employs colloquial language and uses ellipsis and parataxis as literary devices, making short, simple sentences that are strung together without use of conjunctions. , whose central themes are guilt and the loss of faith and hope during World War II, was completed in 1946 and first published in the magazine (Yes. Newspaper of the young generation) two years later. According to his own account, Schnurre had "written the story at night on an upturned crib", with revisions resulting in a total of twelve or thirteen different versions. It was read both at the first and the last meeting of the Gruppe 47.
and
(When father's beard was still red) and (When father shaved his beard off) are collections of short stories about the experiences of the narrator and his father in the harsh world of 1920s and 1930s lower-class Berlin, which is nonetheless presented in a positive light. Because they take place against the backdrop of Adolf Hitler's rise to power and an increasingly precarious political environment in Germany, the stories are often political, and frequently explore moral questions. was published in 1958; the second volume followed in 1995, after Schnurre's death, and contains stories whose completion dates range from the 1950s to the year of Schnurre's death. They are among Schnurre's more popular works, with some of the stories from the first volume frequently being included in school books.
("The Shadow Photographer. Records"), published in 1978, is a collection of texts that take various literary forms. Biographer Katharina Blencke identifies a total of nine types of texts, including diary entries, poems, short stories and letters. The texts touch on various aspects of Schnurre's personal life, including the suicide of his second wife, his childhood, and his feeling of being an inadequate father to his adoptive son owing to the disabilities he had acquired following his polyneuritis. At the time of publication, Schnurre had already faded into relative obscurity. To his surprise, and despite the unusual composition of the book, it was well-received by both critics and readers and became a commercial success.
In 1981, Schnurre published (A misfortune, An accident). The story takes place in 1959 and is written from the perspective of Berlin rabbi Lovinski who accompanies German glazier Goschnik on his deathbed after the glazier has an accident while working on a mizrah window as part of the reconstruction of a destroyed synagogue; the rabbi had helped him get the job. While inserting the window, his thoughts had wandered to Avrom and Sally Grünbaum, a Jewish couple who had served as his substitute parents during his childhood. During the Second World War, he had hidden them in his basement to protect them from persecution. After being drafted into the Army and deserting, he had returned and found the couple dead by suicide. Goschnik feels guilty for their deaths and realises that he had tried to redeem himself by working for the synagogue. The realisation that this is a futile effort made him disgusted with his own reflection in the window glass; he smashed it and fell to the ground. He recounts this to the rabbi on his deathbed, believing that Lovinski is in fact Avrom Grünbaum. Upon Goschnik's death, the rabbi is also plagued by guilt for playing along and pretending to be Grünbaum, and feels that he is responsible for the death because he had employed Goschnik. The guilt drives him to give up his job as a rabbi andin a parallel to Schnurrewrite down his thoughts.
While he had made eight previous attempts at writing novels and published contiguous short story collections like (subtitled "a novel in stories"), was Schnurre's only published novel. The book was met with negative reviews and low sales figures, in stark contrast to the positive reception of . Contemporary reviewers criticised the construction of the story as artificial, and the colloquial language used in the book as inauthentic and irritating. Later scholarship takes a more positive view of the book, and authors have proposed a number of factors that may have contributed to the book's negative reception by critics and readers, including preconceived notions on the part of the critics, deficiencies in Germany's Culture of Remembrance, and competing works that were released at the same time.
Reception and awards
Schnurre's early works were widely received and found their way into contemporary German school textbooks. He also held frequent and successful public readings for varied audiences. Despite this early success, he faded into relative obscurity in later life and is less present in public discourse than other important German writers. Scholars have proposed a number of factors that may have contributed to this, such as the diversity of his work which made him hard to categorise as an author, the declining popularity of short stories as an art form following the immediate post-war period, and the inherently small print runs and limited reception of poetry and children's literature.
Despite his diminishing presence in public discourse, Schurre received several awards for his works, including in his late years. Among those awards were the Immermann-Preis (1959), the Georg Marckensen Literature Award (1962), the Federal Cross of Merit (Bundesverdienstkreuz, 1981), the Literature Award of the City of Cologne (1982), the Georg Büchner Prize (1983) and the Culture Award of the City of Kiel (1989).
Selected works
Some of Schnurre's works include:
Das Begräbnis, 1947
Die Rohrdommel ruft jeden Tag, 1950
Sternstaub und Sänfte. Aufzeichnungen des Pudels Ali, 1953
, 1958
Eine Rechnung, die nicht aufgeht, 1958
Das Los unserer Stadt, 1959
Man sollte dagegen sein, 1960
Berlin. Eine Stadt wird geteilt, 1962
Schreibtisch unter freiem Himmel, 1964
Die Zwengel, 1967
Klopfzeichen, 1978
Der Schattenfotograf, 1978
Ein Unglücksfall, 1981
Notes and references
Bibliography
1920 births
1989 deaths
Writers from Frankfurt
People from Hesse-Nassau
German Army soldiers of World War II
German-language writers
Trümmerliteratur
Recipients of the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Georg Büchner Prize winners
20th-century German novelists
20th-century German poets
German male poets
German male novelists
20th-century German male writers
Reich Labour Service members
German escapees
German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United Kingdom |
Servicio Geológico Minero is an Argentine government institution aimed at producing geological, mining and enronmental information to achieve sustained development and mitigate geological hazards.
The institution has its origin at the fusion of Dirección General de Minas y Geología and Comisión de Estudios de Napas de Agua y Yacimientos Carboníferos in 1904. Its first director was Enrique Hermitte who served in the charge until 1922. With Hermitte in charge the institution attracted a number European geologist to work for the institution including Richard Stappenbeck, John Keidel and Walther Penck.
External links
Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino
References
Government agencies of Argentina
National geological agencies
Mining law and governance
Mining in Argentina
Scientific organizations established in 1904
1904 establishments in Argentina |
João André Pinto Neto (born 28 December 1981) is a Portuguese judoka. He was born in Coimbra. He is the European Champion 2008.
Achievements
References
External links
1981 births
Living people
Portuguese male judoka
Olympic judoka for Portugal
Judoka at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Judoka at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Coimbra
20th-century Portuguese people
21st-century Portuguese people |
This is a list of members of the Australian House of Representatives from 1958 to 1961, as elected at the 1958 federal election.
At this time, the members for the Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory could only vote on matters relating to their respective territories.
The Labor member for Hunter, H.V. Evatt, resigned on 10 February 1960; Labor candidate Bert James won the resulting by-election on 9 April.
The Liberal member for La Trobe, Richard Casey, resigned on 10 February 1960; Liberal candidate John Jess won the resulting by-election on 9 April.
The Liberal member for Balaclava, Percy Joske, resigned on 2 June 1960; Liberal candidate Ray Whittorn won the resulting by-election on 16 July.
The Liberal member for Calare, John Howse, resigned on 28 September 1960; Country Party candidate John England won the resulting by-election on 5 November.
The Labor member for Bendigo, Percy Clarey, died on 17 May 1960; Labor candidate Noel Beaton won the resulting by-election on 16 July.
The Liberal member for Higinbotham, Frank Timson, died on 16 October 1960; Liberal candidate Don Chipp won the resulting by-election on 10 November.
References
Members of Australian parliaments by term
20th-century Australian politicians |
Hasan Ali (also spelled Hassan Ali) can refer to:
Hasan Ali (Kara Koyunlu), last ruler of the Kara Koyunlu Turkmen tribal federation
Hasan Ali (cricketer), Pakistani cricketer
Hasan Ali (footballer), United Arab Emirates footballer
Hasan ibn Ali, grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad
Hasan Ali Khan, Indian businessman
Hassan Ali Mehran (born 1937), Iranian economist
Hasan Mohamed Ali, Malaysian politician
Kamal Hassan Ali, Egyptian politician
Hassan Ali (kabaddi), Pakistani kabaddi player
Geography
Hasan Ali, Iran, a village in South Khorasan Province, Iran
Qal'eh Hasan Ali, volcanic field in Iran |
The 1981 Fischer-Grand Prix was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Wiener Stadthalle in Vienna in Austria that was part of the 1981 Volvo Grand Prix. It was the seventh edition of the tournament and was held from 19 October until 25 October 1981. First-seeded Ivan Lendl won the singles title.
Finals
Singles
Ivan Lendl defeated Brian Gottfried 1–6, 6–0, 6–1, 6–2
It was Lendl's 7th singles title of the year and the 14th of his career.
Doubles
Steve Denton / Tim Wilkison defeated Sammy Giammalva Jr. / Fred McNair 4–6, 6–3, 6–4
It was Denton's 3rd title of the year and the 7th of his career. It was Wilkison's 2nd title of the year and the 5th of his career.
References
External links
ATP tournament profile
ITF tournament edition details
Fischer-Grand Prix
Vienna Open |
In enzymology, a pantothenase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
(R)-pantothenate + H2O (R)-pantoate + beta-alanine
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are (R)-pantothenate and H2O, whereas its two products are (R)-pantoate and beta-alanine.
This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is (R)-pantothenate amidohydrolase. Other names in common use include pantothenate hydrolase, and pantothenate amidohydrolase. This enzyme participates in pantothenate and coa biosynthesis.
References
EC 3.5.1
Enzymes of unknown structure |
Pilikuththuwa Raja Maha Vihara (Sinhalaː පිළිකුත්තුව රජ මහා විහාරය ) is an ancient Cave temple situated in Pilikuththuwa, Sri Lanka. It is located on the Gampaha - Wathurugama road approximately away from the Miriswatta junction and from the ancient Buddhist temple, Maligatenna Raja Maha Vihara. The temple has been formally recognised by the Government as an archaeological site in Sri Lanka.
History
From the archaeological evidence, it is believed that this area has been inhabited since pre-historic times. Caves with drip ledges prove that the temple may have been used during the periods of 2-3 century BC by the Sangha as their abodes. According to the legends connected with this temple, king Valagamba (89-77 BC) used to stay in this historical place from time to time during the invasion from South India.
Uruwala, Maligatenna, Warana, Miriswatta and Koskandawala cave temples, situated in the vicinity of the Pilikuththuwa temple are said to have been formed from one major temple complex in the early Anuradhapura period.
The temple
The Pilikuththuwa temple is considered as one of the Buddhist temples in the country with the highest number of drip ledged rock caves. It is said that this temple has 99 rock caves with drip ledges, spreading about 200 acres of total area. As of today, 78 caves have been identified.
Beside the rock caves, inscription with pre-Brahmi characters belonging to the 3rd century CE, drip ledged caves, the pond made with Cairn of stones, ancient mould creeper, a wooden bridge belonging to the Kandyan period, the Dagoba with its natural Vatadage, ancient reservoir, roads, water pools, and natural water ponds, increase the historical importance of this site. On 1 November 1996, the archaeological department declared the image house of the temple as a monument under the government Gazette number 948. In 2002, all the caves with drip ledges, the Awasageya (Bhikkhu dwellings), the wooden bridge, the pond, the Dagoba with drip ledged cave and stone inscriptions belonging to the temple were declared as protected monuments. The Darmasala building (preaching hall) was included into the list on 15 April 2016.
References
Works cited
External links
Historic and scenic, The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)
Exploring the heights of Pilikuththuwa, The Island (Sri Lanka)
Buddhist temples in Gampaha District
Buddhist caves in Sri Lanka
Archaeological protected monuments in Gampaha District |
```go
//go:build !ignore_autogenerated
// +build !ignore_autogenerated
/*
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
// Code generated by fitask. DO NOT EDIT.
package dotasks
import (
"k8s.io/kops/upup/pkg/fi"
)
// LoadBalancer
var _ fi.HasLifecycle = &LoadBalancer{}
// GetLifecycle returns the Lifecycle of the object, implementing fi.HasLifecycle
func (o *LoadBalancer) GetLifecycle() fi.Lifecycle {
return o.Lifecycle
}
// SetLifecycle sets the Lifecycle of the object, implementing fi.SetLifecycle
func (o *LoadBalancer) SetLifecycle(lifecycle fi.Lifecycle) {
o.Lifecycle = lifecycle
}
var _ fi.HasName = &LoadBalancer{}
// GetName returns the Name of the object, implementing fi.HasName
func (o *LoadBalancer) GetName() *string {
return o.Name
}
// String is the stringer function for the task, producing readable output using fi.TaskAsString
func (o *LoadBalancer) String() string {
return fi.CloudupTaskAsString(o)
}
``` |
Alexander Gustav Georg Olbricht (6 June 1876, in Breslau – 11 November 1942, in Weimar) was a German artist. He created approximately 2,000 graphics, engravings, silhouettes and oil paintings.
Biography
His father, Gustav Olbricht (1851–1892) was a painter and art restorer at the Silesian Museum of Fine Arts. At the age of sixteen, he was employed by the firm of "P. Strunk", an art material supplier. After his father's death, he enrolled at the , where he studied with the landscape painter, .
In 1899, he transferred to the Grand-Ducal Saxon Art School, Weimar, and studied with Theodor Hagen. Five years later, he married Margarethe Thurow (1882–1972), from Mecklenburg, whom he had met at the school. After this, he gradually gave up oil painting in favor of graphics and printmaking.
In 1908, he produced his first large format etchings and, the following year, produced a series of twenty small format etchings depicting Weimar and its surroundings. He was drafted at the beginning of World War I but, due to his relatively frail condition, served only briefly as a batman to an officer in Weimar.
In 1921, he was named a professor at Bauhaus University. He served until 1935, when he was dismissed for political reasons, despite having become tenured. In 1936, the Nazi government dissolved and banned the Deutscher Künstlerbund, of which he had been a member for many years. Together, this resulted in a period of stagnation and depression. Nevertheless, in 1939, he was able to complete his last major cycle of etchings, "The First Snow".
He died of a stroke in 1942. Following the war, a street in Weimar was named after him, his studio was reconstructed at the Stadtmuseum and a plaque was placed on his home. The Duchess Anna Amalia Library acquired 88 books from his estate. Some of his works may be seen at the Museum of Modern Art in New York and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
References
Further reading
Walter Hertzsch: Alexander Olbricht - Zeichnungen, Insel-Verlag (1989)
Alexander Olbricht: Vierundzwanzig Zweige, Der erste Schnee : zwei Folgen farbiger Zeichnungen (The First Snow), Insel-Verlag (1987)
Cornelius Müller Hofstede: Hinter Drahtzaun und Bahnschranke: zur Ausstellung von Professor Alexander Olbricht im Schlesischen Museum der bildenden Künste in Breslau, 1941.
External links
Galerie Profil
1876 births
1942 deaths
Artists from Wrocław
German engravers
German etchers |
The Gulshani () is a Halveti sub-order founded by Pir Ibrahim Gulshani, a Turkomen Sufi Sheikh (Sufism) from Eastern Anatolia, who died in Egypt. His family roots reaches to Oguzata shah in Azerbaijan.
When the Ottomans conquered Egypt the Gulshani order became popular with serving soldiers of the Ottoman army in Egypt. The order was later carried back to Diyarbakir and Istanbul where several zawiyas or tekkes were established.
Ibrahim Al-Gulshani is buried at the zawiya in Cairo, which was built in 1519–1524. The building, now abandoned, is included on the World Monuments Fund's 2018 list of monuments at risk.
In Üsküdar at Selamsız, the Gulsheni-Sezai Sufi order was established by Sufis of Romani people in Turkey.
References
Islam in Turkey
Sufi orders
Khalwati order |
A Ukrainophone (, ukrainomovnyi) is a person who speaks the Ukrainian language either natively or by preference. At the same time the term is used in a more specialized meaning to describe the category of people whose cultural background is associated with the Ukrainian language regardless of territorial distinctions.
There are an estimated 41 million native speakers of Ukrainian worldwide (of whom 37.5 million or 91% live in Ukraine).
There are many Ukrainophone communities in neighbouring countries with Ukraine, due to the historical spread of ethnic Ukrainian populations in areas that later became a part of those states, including Belarus, Moldova (especially Transnistria), Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and Romania, as well as in continental nations and areas where Ukrainians had moved to in recent centuries or were deported to during the Soviet regime, such as Kazakhstan, the Far East, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands, Lithuania, Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Croatia, Portugal, the U.K., etc. Additionally, there are large Ukrainophone immigrant communities in various parts of Canada, the United States (especially New York City, Baltimore) and Australia, and somewhat smaller communities in various nations of Latin America, such as Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Venezuela.
Usage in Ukraine
Due to a significant lack of knowledge of Ukraine among Western journalists, many of them have portrayed Russian and Ukrainian speakers as clearly defined and completely separate ethnic groups, each of which desires to exclusively dominate the Ukrainian state. The reality is that most people in Ukraine know both languages and frequently engage in language-switching as it suits them. Speaking Ukrainian or Russian in Ukraine is not regarded as a political statement, but merely a personal preference in a particular situation. For most Ukrainians, Russian and Ukrainian languages are interchangeable. Moreover, it is quite common for individuals to speak different languages to each other, as each person uses the language they are more comfortable with, without
Usage in the Ukrainian diaspora
Canada
In Canada the term Ukrainophone is also used to differentiate Ukrainian language-speakers from ethnically Ukrainian Canadians in general. It refers to speakers of both the local Canadian Ukrainian dialect and Standard Ukrainian.
Most Ukrainian Canadians are assimilated to the North American majority and speak English. In the nomenclature of Canadian and Quebec language politics this makes them Anglophones, but some Ukrainian Canadians may also be Francophones (French-speakers). If Ukrainian is a person's mother tongue then they are considered "allophone" (neither English- nor French-speaking). Therefore, a Ukrainophone in Quebec is also an allophone.
United States
The overwhelming majority of Ukrainophones in the United States reside in select areas of New York City and Baltimore, MD. In 2018 the number of Ukrainian diaspora in the US reached 1 million.
Brazil
Although most Brazilian Ukrainians have lived in Brazil for 4-5 generations and few have ever seen Ukraine, they have preserved their language and culture to a large degree in rural Paraná state. This has largely been due to the colossal efforts of the Ukrainian Churches. In contrast, among the Ukrainians in Argentina where the Church was not as strong as in Brazil, the Ukrainian language has largely disappeared. Among those who live in the colonies, or agricultural settlements, Ukrainian is widely spoken at home, in church, and in the community, and today it is not uncommon for Ukrainian children to be unable to speak the Portuguese language until they begin school. Despite the Ukrainian language's widespread use in everyday speech, the ability to read and write is more limited, with over 50% of the Ukrainian population being unable to write in the Ukrainian language. Due to isolation from Ukraine, the Ukrainians of Brazil speak a 100-year-old form of the language's Galician or "Upper Dniestrian" dialect. Ninety percent of Church services are conducted in the Ukrainian language (in contrast, among the 700,000 ethnic Poles in Brazil only two churches use the Polish language). The Portuguese language has only come into wide use in the youngest generation - those who are younger than fifteen years old. The situation in urban areas is quite different. In the cities, Ukrainians tend to become assimilated into Brazilian culture and to adopt the Portuguese language.
References
Language
Ukrainian diaspora
Ukrainian |
Vandenberg Space Force Base Launch Facility 05 (LC-05) is a former US Air Force Intercontinental ballistic missile launch facility on Vandenberg SFB, California, USA. It was a launch site for the land-based Minuteman missile series.
References
Vandenberg Space Force Base |
Birchtown is a community and National Historic Site in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located near Shelburne in the Municipal District of Shelburne County. Founded in 1783, the village was the largest settlement of Black Loyalists and the largest free settlement of ethnic Africans in North America in the eighteenth century. The two other significant Black Loyalist communities established in Nova Scotia were Brindley town and Tracadie. Birchtown was named after British Brigadier General Samuel Birch, an official who helped lead the evacuation of Black Loyalists from New York.{{efn|Also named after the general was a much smaller settlement of Black Loyalists in Guysborough County, Nova Scotia called Birchtown.
Birchtown was declared a National Historic Site in 1997. A seasonal museum complex commemorating the Black Loyalists was opened in that year by the Black Loyalist Heritage Society; it included the historic Birchtown school and church. The offices and archives of the museum were largely destroyed by an arson attack in 2006. The remaining archives were moved to temporary quarters on the site.
A new facility, the Black Loyalist Heritage Centre, opened its doors in June 2015; it tells the story of the Black Loyalists in America, Nova Scotia and Sierra Leone through their staff and interactive digital displays.
In literature
The community's history of being given freedom by the British was the subject to British historian Simon Schama's non-fiction book Rough Crossings, which won the National Book Critics Circle Award. Lawrence Hill wrote a novel, The Book of Negroes, whose fictional narrator, Aminata Diallo, resides in Birchtown and describes its founding.
Notable residents
Stephen Blucke - "founder of Afro-Nova Scotian community"
David George - African-American Baptist preacher who founded Silver Bluff Baptist Church
Boston King, first Methodist missionary to African indigenous people
John Marrant - the first African-American preacher; a Methodist
Moses Wilkinson - African- American Methodist preacher
See also
List of communities in Nova Scotia
John Clarkson (abolitionist)
Sierra Leone Creole people
Notes
References
External links
Clarkson, Clarkson's mission to America, 1791–1792, ed. and intro. C. B. Fergusson
Birchtown, Destination Nova Scotia
The Black Loyalist Heritage Society
http://www.newsouthassoc.com/African%20American%20Archaeology%20Newsletters/Summer1994.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20080511234625/http://www.lawrencehill.com/freedom_bound.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/20080311110229/http://nsgna.ednet.ns.ca/shelburne/main/BlackLoyalistHistory.php
https://web.archive.org/web/20071218192834/http://museum.gov.ns.ca/arch/sites/birch/loyalists.htm
Black Canadian culture in Nova Scotia
Black Canadian settlements
Populated places established by African Americans
Pre-emancipation African-American history
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia
Communities in Shelburne County, Nova Scotia |
The Battle of Hat Dich (3 December 1968 − 19 February 1969) was a series of military actions fought between an allied contingent, including the 1st Australian Task Force (1 ATF) and the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and Viet Cong (VC) during the Vietnam War. Under the code name Operation Goodwood, two battalions from 1 ATF deployed away from their base in Phước Tuy Province, operating against suspected PAVN/VC bases in the Hat Dich area, in western Phước Tuy, south-eastern Biên Hòa and south-western Long Khánh provinces as part of a large allied sweep known as Operation Toan Thang II. The Australians and New Zealanders conducted sustained patrolling throughout the Hat Dich and extensively ambushed tracks and river systems in the Rung Sat Special Zone, occupying a series of fire support bases as operations expanded. Meanwhile, American, South Vietnamese and Thai forces also operated in direct support of the Australians as part of the division-sized action.
On 6 February 1969, two additional battalions from the Thủ Đức VC Regiment were reported to have entered the Hat Dich area and 4 RAR/NZ (ANZAC) which consisted of three Australian and two New Zealand companies, was subsequently redeployed with tanks and armoured personnel carriers in support, resulting in the heaviest contacts of the operation. The fighting lasted 78 days and was one of the longest out of province operations mounted by the Australians and New Zealanders during the war. Although there were few major actions, the fighting resulted in heavy PAVN/VC casualties and forced them to abandon their permanent bases in the Hat Dich, as well as disrupting their preparations for an upcoming offensive during Tết. Immediately following the operation, the ANZACs were redeployed to block the approaches towards key US and South Vietnamese bases in Biên Hòa, Long Binh and Saigon in anticipation of the 1969 Tet offensive, during Operation Federal.
Background
1968 was a turning point in the war in Vietnam. Losing more than 45,000 killed—against Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) and allied losses of 6,000 men—the Tet Offensive had been a tactical disaster for the PAVN and Viet Cong. Regardless, prior to Tet American commanders and politicians had talked confidently about winning the war, arguing that General William Westmoreland's strategy of attrition had reached the point where the PAVN/VC were losing soldiers and equipment faster than they could be replaced. Yet the scale of the fighting, and the surprise and violence with which the offensive was launched, had shocked the public, contradicting such predictions of imminent victory. Confidence in the military and political leadership declined, as did public support for the war in America. Ultimately, Tet was a publicity and media triumph for the PAVN/VC, and Hanoi emerged with a significant political victory.
The offensive had a similar effect on Australian public opinion, and caused growing uncertainty in the government about the determination of the United States to remain militarily involved in Southeast Asia. Amid the initial shock, Prime Minister John Gorton unexpectedly declared that Australia would not increase its military commitment in Vietnam beyond the current level of 8,000 personnel. The war continued without respite however, and between May and June 1968 1 ATF was again deployed away from Phước Tuy in response to intelligence reports of another impending offensive. The Australians subsequently took up positions north-east of Saigon during Operation Toan Thang I to interdict PAVN/VC lines of communication, fighting a series of significant actions over a 26-day period that became known as the Battle of Coral–Balmoral.
On 10 June 1968, General Creighton Abrams had replaced Westmoreland as commander of US and Free World Military Forces in Vietnam and the change in command had resulted in a change in both the concept of the war and its conduct. Abrams directed that the allied main effort would switch to protecting population centres, rather than searching for and attempting to destroy PAVN/VC main force units as they had done previously. Equally, the prosecution of the war would increasingly be handed over to the South Vietnamese under a policy of Vietnamization, with the Americans aiming to keep PAVN/VC units off balance to prevent them from interfering with resupply and reinforcement until the South Vietnamese could fight the war on their own. For the Australians the change in allied strategy foreshadowed a return to the pacification of Phước Tuy Province. Operations outside the province over the previous eighteen months had been costly, and of the 228 Australians killed and 1,200 wounded during the war to that point almost two-thirds had been killed since January 1967.
From July, 1 ATF completed a number of search-and-clear operations along the northern border areas and west of their tactical area of responsibility (TAOR) in Phước Tuy province. From the Nui Thi Vai and Nui Dinh hills in the west of the Phước Tuy, thick jungle stretched north to the junction of Biên Hòa and Long Khánh provinces, in an area known as the Hat Dich. Like the May Tao Mountains in the north-east and the Long Hải hills in the south, these areas of mountains and jungle had been used extensively by the VC as base areas for many years. The Hat Dich was used by the VC because of its proximity to Saigon, as well as the important South Vietnamese and US base areas in the Long Binh−Biên Hòa complex. The VC had been using the northern border regions—including the Thua Tich and Courtenay Rubber Plantation—to link their base areas in the Mây Tào Mountains in the north-east with the sparsely populated, but heavily vegetated Hat Dich area in the west. Over time, Australian operations in these areas usually resulted in contacts with varying size groups, including VC Main Force and occasionally PAVN units, and ultimately led to the destruction of their transit and training camps, as well as a series of bunker systems and logistic storage facilities.
Prelude
By late-1968 a significant build-up of PAVN/VC forces was occurring in the III Corps Tactical Zone, with 70 Main and Local Force battalions augmented by four divisions moving back from sanctuaries in Cambodia. Meanwhile, the PAVN had established a new unit, Headquarters Military Region 7, to co-ordinate operations in the area to the east and north-east of Saigon. This development, coupled with extensive troop movements in the Hat Dich, indicated to the South Vietnamese and their allies the possibility of an imminent offensive, possibly targeting Biên Hòa, Long Binh, Bearcat Base or even Saigon. Commander US II Field Force Vietnam (IIFFV) subsequently committed 1 ATF—by then commanded by Brigadier Sandy Pearson—to operations in the Hat Dich as part of a large allied sweep across Phước Tuy, Biên Hòa and Long Khánh Provinces known as Operation Toan Thang II. The Australians would be tasked with locating and destroying PAVN/VC elements to disrupt such an offensive and prevent Route 15 from being interdicted. To achieve this Pearson devised Operation Goodwood, planning to employ all three of his Australian battalions, supported by tanks, cavalry and artillery. Several American infantry and artillery units were also placed under his command, as were a number of South Vietnamese infantry and marine battalions. In total the allied force approached the size of a division and included nearly 10,000 men.
In early December 1968 the first Australian units were inserted into their new area of operations (AO)—known as AO Townsville—east of Saigon, halfway between Biên Hòa and Nui Dat, to the south-east. Initially the force consisted of one infantry battalion—1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (1 RAR), commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Phillip Bennett—and support arms including Centurion tanks from C Squadron, 1st Armoured Regiment, M113 Armoured Personnel Carriers (APCs) from A Squadron, 3rd Cavalry Regiment, 105 mm M2A2 Howitzers from the batteries of 12th Field Regiment, Royal Australian Artillery and 155 mm M109 self-propelled artillery from A Battery, US 2/35 Artillery Regiment and C Battery, US 2/40 Artillery Regiment, as well as engineers from 1 Field Squadron. Later, following an extension of the AO a second battalion—at first the joint New Zealand and Australian 4 RAR/NZ (ANZAC) and later 9 RAR—would be deployed. It was planned to rotate the infantry battalions throughout the operation, with 1 ATF intending to maintain two battalions on Operation Goodwood at all times. The concept of operations divided AO Townsville into a number of battalion sized TAORs. Headquarters 1 ATF would be inserted into fire support base (FSB) Julia, situated north of the village of Thai Thein on Route QL 14 in Biên Hòa Province, while 1 RAR would be inserted from Nui Dat into FSB Dyke. The Australians then planned to conduct a reconnaissance-in-force, with extensive patrolling and ambushing by the infantry battalions supported by tanks and APCs, along with fire support from the field artillery batteries that would occupy a series of fire support bases as operations expanded. A number of SAS patrols were also scheduled to be inserted by air and APC to provide information on troop movements. The Royal Thai Army Expeditionary Division would also operate to the north-west in AO Banglane, while the 4th Battalion, 12th Infantry Regiment (detached from US 199th Light Infantry Brigade) and two troops from 3rd Battalion, 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment (3/11 ACR) as well as the ARVN 2nd Airborne Brigade would operate in direct support of 1 ATF until released.
PAVN and VC units identified in AO Townsville included 274th Regiment, PAVN 74 Artillery Regiment, D67 Engineer Battalion, Thủ Đức Regiment, D1, D2 and D6 Sapper Reconnaissance Battalions and D440 and D445 Provincial Mobile Battalions; all under the overall command of Headquarters Military Region 7. Of particular interest to the Australians was 3 Battalion, 274th Regiment, which was, according to intelligence sources, believed to have recently received large numbers of North Vietnamese replacements. The battalion was estimated to include between 250 and 300 men, and was well equipped. Located in the Hat Dich, the battalion was believed to be occupying a number of permanent base camps, complete with numerous trench systems, bunkers and tunnels.
Battle
Initial operations in AO Townsville, 3–10 December 1968
The operation commenced on 3 December with Headquarters 1 ATF moving forward by road into FSB Julia. 1 RAR then deployed into FSB Dyke east in the western Hat Dich, moving in APCs from A Squadron, 3rd Cavalry Regiment, along with the tanks from C Squadron, 1 Armoured Regiment and the battalion's direct support battery, the 102nd Field Battery. The insertion was subsequently completed successfully, with the position secured by 11:00. Initially cautious, A Company moved in AO Wondai with 2 Troop of the tank squadron, while B and C Companies followed. Yet with no immediate threat against their position detected, the Australians commenced reconnaissance-in-force operations, with D Company also moving into its assigned area, entrusting the security and defence of FSB Dyke to Support Company. Although signs of VC activity were soon located—including a freshly killed deer—there were no contacts on the first day. Meanwhile, the Thais had also commenced operations in AO Banglane, and the American artillery from A Battery, US 2/35 Artillery Regiment and C Battery, US 2/40 Artillery Regiment had moved by road to occupy FSB Chestnut on the outskirts of Thai Thien in the southern sector of Biên Hòa Province from where they would operate in direct support of 1 ATF.
The following day, 4 December, at 08:30 C Company 1 RAR encountered three small groups of VC, and a platoon attack was launched under the cover of indirect fire, with little result. Meanwhile, a bombed out bunker system was encountered by B Company from 10:00, while other minor contacts developed as the Australians continued to advance, during which they uncovered a cache of rice. At 13:47 9 Platoon C Company was briefly engaged, and during a further reconnaissance of the area the Australians located a VC camp. They subsequently withdrew, calling in an air strike with napalm to destroy the bunkers. C Company returned to the area as dusk approached and was unable to search the area until the following day. At 07:40 on 5 December the Australians assaulted the camp with the tanks, destroying a number of bunkers at point-blank range with their main armament, while the infantry grenaded the pits. Yet once again the VC were found to have fled, leaving behind one dead body from the contact the previous afternoon. The camp was estimated to be adequate for a company-sized force and was found to be untouched by the air strike the previous day, which had fallen too far west. Leaving a small force of infantry and the tanks to destroy the camp, C Company continued and was again engaged at 11:05 by three VC at close range. Pushing on however, the Australians were subsequently fired on from at least five bunkers. Bennett ordered B Company into a blocking position to the north, while the tank troop was pushed up to support C Company which was preparing to conduct a company-attack. At 15:00 the camp was assaulted and it was again found to have been abandoned. Despite locating numerous bunkers, the Australians continued to pursue the VC, however their advance was hampered by the mechanical break-down of one of the Centurions; the vehicle was subsequently recovered to FSB Dyke.
Meanwhile, the US 4/12th Infantry had come into heavy contact in AO Kilcoy and had requested assistance rather than withdrawing. Yet with 1 ATF unable to provide any assets, Bennett detached two flamethrower teams from the 1 RAR Assault Pioneer Platoon which were subsequently used to help extract an American platoon that had been pinned down. Between 6–10 December 1 RAR continued to sweep AO Wondai, uncovering a number of ammunition caches and several freshly dug graves, however there was little contact between the Australians and the VC. To be sure, in response to the initial Australian patrols the VC had attempted to avoid contact, and had moved north away from 1 ATF. Yet aggressive patrolling by 1 RAR, supported by Centurion tanks and cavalry, had resulted in a number of contacts between the Australians and VC groups of up to platoon strength as they followed up the withdrawing forces. The subsequent discovery of extensive bunker systems guarded by caretaker groups, as well as the location of significant rice and weapons caches, confirmed the presence of a large PAVN/VC force in the Hat Dich, and the operation of an extensive resupply system in the area. During this time ARVN 2nd Airborne Brigade operated in AO Moose to the north-east of FSB Julia, while the 3/11th ACR was operating to the east in AO Sherman and US 4/12th Infantry in AO Kilcoy to the west, all with minimal contact.
Expanding operations, 11–18 December 1968
The Australians were in the midst of an extensive communist resupply and staging area however, and on 11 December Pearson extended AO Townsville to take advantage of this. Under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Lee Greville, 4 RAR/NZ was subsequently committed from Nui Dat to prevent the further northward movement of PAVN/VC forces. The new battalion's area of operations—AO Kilcoy—was in Long Khan Province, astride Route 15, north of Thai Thien, with its western boundary winding along the Song Thi Avi and the mangroves of the Rung Sat Special Zone. 4 RAR/NZ subsequently established a fire support base with its direct support battery, the 104th Field Battery, occupying FSB Sandpiper. Meanwhile, 1 RAR moved to FSB Diggers Rest by helicopter, after it was secured by B Company. Patrolling continued with minor contact, a significant bunker system with interconnecting tunnels was located by the Australians late in the day. In AO Sherman US 3/11 ACR concluded operations and commenced operations to the south-west in AOs Shenandoah and Shilo, while the 4/12th Infantry in AO Kilcoy extended its operations north-east into AO Monterey.
US forces were heavily committed in the Tây Ninh area near the Cambodian border and as a consequence 4 RAR/NZ had been designated as the reserve battalion for II FFV during the first phase of the operation, being liable to be deployed anywhere within III CTZ at short notice. Regardless, D Company deployed by APC and secured FSB Sandpiper, east of Route 15, while the remainder of the battalion deployed by road. During this period 4 RAR/NZ was reduced to just its three Australian rifle companies, leaving one of the New Zealand companies at the Horseshoe feature undergoing its familiarisation period, and the other at Nui Dat as the Task Force reaction force. 4 RAR/NZ subsequently occupied a battalion defensive position at FSB Sandpiper, and once established the rifle companies began a patrolling and ambushing program. The requirement to be redeployed at short notice prevented the Australians from operating any more than one hour from Sandpiper however, and this constraint also limited their effectiveness in preventing interdiction along Route 15. Regardless, continual contact was maintained throughout the operation, while the area of operations was constantly adjusted and additional fire support bases constructed as the PAVN/VC attempted to bypass 1 ATF, fighting to maintain the ability to resupply forces in the Hat Dich and at the same time to consolidate forces to counter the Australians. Patrolling with companies mounted in APCs, 4 RAR/NZ operated west of Route 15 and conducted a number of successful ambushes. Meanwhile, 1 RAR continued operations in AO Wondai, the most active of the TAORs that made up AO Townsville.
On 12 December C Company 1 RAR—under the command of Major Brian Honner—engaged a small VC force in a bunker system in a minor skirmish which saw the Australians capture the position after using M72 rockets. Meanwhile, just after 12:00 a patrol from B Company engaged six PAVN after crossing a river. Two Australians were lightly wounded in the exchange of fire. That afternoon B Company was again in contact after uncovering another bunker system and withdrew to destroy the complex with indirect fire. However, even as the artillery engaged the bunker system, further contacts continued with little result. By 17:00 B Company advanced once again and the lead platoon was engaged—possibly by a VC patrol leaving the bunker system previously uncovered—and the two sides exchanged fire for about 10 minutes. During this contact 12 Platoon, D Company was establishing an ambush when they were engaged by automatic weapons and RPG-2 rocket propelled grenades, which killed one Australian whose body could not be recovered until the next day. At least one VC was hit during the fighting, although further casualties could not be ascertained. The next morning B Company returned to the bunkers and found them deserted.
Later, on 13 December, C Company continued its patrol program, when at 10:00 the lead section from 7 Platoon was fired on by VC in another bunker system. Honner ordered 9 Platoon to conduct a quick attack from the right which killed two VC and captured weapons and rice. Four Australians were wounded. Further bunkers nearby were also located, although they were found to be unoccupied and were marked with a balloon for destructing by an air strike at a later date. Contacts continued throughout the afternoon with little result, while the Australians continued to uncover numerous prepared positions and bunker systems. Meanwhile, an element of the 3/11th ACR struck a booby-trap in their area of operations, losing four killed and eight wounded. At 15:00 8 Platoon had been securing a landing zone for the remainder of C Company when they heard noises to the south; a patrol subsequently clashed with five VC in a bunker system before withdrawing as artillery was called onto the position. At 17:00 7 Platoon contacted 14 VC armed with AK-47 assault rifles on the edge of a clearing, killing one while the others withdrew to a bunker system and engaged the Australians with small arms and 60 mm mortars. An assault by the Australian platoon pushed the VC out of the bunkers and they secured the area after following the withdrawing force to the south-west.
At 08:40 on the morning of 14 December 9 Platoon C Company 1 RAR engaged two Viet Cong in a bunker system and killed them both. The company continued patrolling, and that afternoon at 16:05 8 Platoon contacted two more VC, killing one and uncovering a disused camp. Intelligence reports had indicated a substantial VC concentration west of Tam Phuoc and in response B Company 4 RAR/NZ and the 1 ATF Defence and Employment Platoon moved into the area by APC. At 17:00 5 Platoon, B Company and a section of Australian cavalry contacted a party of VC, killing one and wounding another who subsequently escaped. Further VC were observed moving west out of the battalion's AO, with elements of the US 3/17th Air Cavalry Regiment subsequently deployed. The following day C Company 1 RAR continued searching and ambushing in AO Wondai after detecting the presence of parties of VC who had likely been caught by surprise by the Australian patrols. Around 10:30 four VC approached 8 Platoon and were engaged with small arms; returning fire with RPGs which slightly wounded three Australians, three VC were then killed while a sweep by the Australians failed to locate the fourth. That afternoon D Company also uncovered an unoccupied bunker system, while A and B Company each had minor contacts, with 4 Platoon killing one VC around 16:00. Later, at 17:20 6 Platoon B Company was engaged by five VC at while deploying into an ambush site, badly wounding the platoon commander; two VC were also hit. The VC then withdrew while the platoon sergeant took over command of the Australian platoon, and during the subsequent sweep one body was found. Meanwhile, in AO Kilcoy 9 Platoon C Company 4 RAR/NZ located three VC in a camp. A section then assaulted the camp opening fire at , killing one VC and wounding the other two who escaped; a PPSh-41 sub-machine gun, an SKS assault rifle and an M1 carbine were subsequently captured.
Although there had been no major actions during the first half of December, 40 contacts had occurred in the 1 ATF area of operations, resulting in 22 VC killed, two wounded and two more possibly killed, as well as the capture of 20 weapons, 66 mines, 153 grenades, 17 mortar rounds, 26 RPG-2 rockets, of explosive and 26,380 small arms rounds. Most of the dead were VC Main Force soldiers, while some were PAVN, however no unit had been identified. Meanwhile, the Thais had also reported eight contacts in the Binh Son rubber plantation. On 16 December the platoons from 1 RAR continued patrolling and ambushing, and over the following two days the Australians and VC fought a number of fleeting contacts resulting in at least two VC being killed. In AO Kilcoy 4 RAR/NZ also continued patrolling, with a sentry from 5 Platoon B Company killing one VC which had followed the platoon after it had halted for their midday meal. Later on the evening of 17 December 1 ATF intelligence had reported the possible presence of a large VC force of 500 men in the Phước Hoà forest, while an unidentified artillery unit was believed to be preparing to attack Long Thanh and Binh Son with mortars after leaving the Thai AO.
However, that night there was little activity in the Australian AO, while at 03:15 on 18 December an ARVN outpost was attacked, resulting in two VC killed and three South Vietnamese wounded before a US reaction force arrived from Bearcat. The following day both 1 RAR and 4 RAR/NZ continued operations with minor contact; a camp of four small bunkers was located by 1 Platoon A Company 1 RAR, while at 09:20 3 Platoon discovered the bodies of two men that had likely also been killed during the contact with 2 Platoon on the 16th. Later that day 1 Platoon found another 11 bunkers located on the southern bank of the Suoi Cau Moi and they were destroyed the following day. Meanwhile, 12 Platoon D Company 4 RAR/NZ engaged two VC at 16:21, killing one and capturing an AK-47. Around 19:00 that evening a helicopter operating in direct support of 1 RAR observed red and white flashlights in the Australian AO and they were engaged by the 102nd Field Battery.
Fighting in late-December 1968
The next morning, 19 December, an Australian patrol from the 1 RAR Anti-Tank Platoon searched the engagement area and reported finding nothing of significance. The Australian platoons continued to patrol however, and at 08:49 9 Platoon C Company engaged a group of six VC at while crossing a creek, killing two and wounding a third. Just after midday 2 Platoon A Company had been moving in column parallel to a track when they were ambushed by a VC force in an undetected bunker system. Both the front and rear Australian sections were engaged with small arms, while the centre section was targeted by two M18 Claymore mines; heavy casualties resulted with the Australians losing one killed and 10 wounded. In response the remainder of A Company moved quickly to support the beleaguered platoon, while artillery fired on the bunkers. The evacuation of the casualties was complete by 15:20, following which the Australians assaulted the camp, only to find that the VC had withdrawn. With the light beginning to fail, 8 Platoon C Company heard noises in the scrub and observed a group of 10 VC in a nearby camp. At 17:45 the Australians moved in, killing one and forcing the remainder to withdraw.
Meanwhile, in AO Kilcoy 4 RAR/NZ continued to experience only minor contact. 10 Platoon D Company had been deployed in a blocking position at a track junction on 19 December and had engaged a group of five VC at 13:38 after they had approached the Australian position. The sentry opened fire with his M60 machine-gun at killing one and probably wounding two more. The surviving VC went to ground and returned fire, wounding two Australians before successfully withdrawing. 2 SAS Squadron also continued reconnaissance patrols in AO Sternum, killing one VC during a clash at 10:30. The same day in AO Moose, B and D Companies from the ARVN 11th Airborne Battalion had also engaged a large VC force at 13:00, estimated to include at least two platoons armed with AK-47s and RPK light machine-guns. The fighting continued until last light and resulted in heavy ARVN casualties which included six killed and six wounded. VC casualties were unknown.
On the morning of 20 December A Company 1 RAR found a VC surgical facility and dispensary, and capturing a quantity of rice, salt and documents. At 09:20 9 Platoon C Company ambushed seven VC moving south on a track, killing three of them and capturing an AK-47. Only one of the VC had been armed, while the other two had been carrying packs filled with food and tobacco. Ten minutes later 8 Platoon ambushed two VC moving along a track away from 9 Platoon, killing one and also capturing an AK-47. Moving on, the Australian platoon was in contact again at 10:50, with the lead sections killing a VC soldier in a bunker and uncovering a cache. Later A Company uncovered another large, unoccupied bunker complex and quantities of food, medical supplies, explosives and ammunition. As with the previous bunker systems the Australians proceeded to destroy them with explosives, with A Company 1 RAR destroying 93 bunkers over the previous three days. On dusk 1 Platoon was establishing its night ambush location when it had a fleeting contact at 17:55. The same day in the 4 RAR/NZ AO, a composite platoon protecting a survey party engaged a group of five VC without result, while W Company on the Horseshoe feature had a successful ambush, killing two VC and wounding a third.
At 03:00 on 21 December, FSB Redhat 3 in AO Moose—occupied by elements of ARVN 2nd Airborne Brigade—came under sustained mortar fire and ground attack by up to two VC companies. The mortaring ceased at 04:00 and the attack was finally repelled by 05:40, with the ARVN following up as the VC attempted to withdraw to south and south-east. 5 Airborne Battalion maintained contact with the withdrawing forces, while 11 Airborne Battalion moved north-east into a blocking position. Supported by artillery and helicopter gunships the ARVN inflicted heavy casualties on their attackers before the fighting finally ceased at 06:15. ARVN losses included two killed and 12 wounded, and one American advisor wounded. VC casualties were 29 killed and two wounded, while a large quantity of weapons were also recovered by the South Vietnamese. The attacking force was later identified as two companies from the VC 274th Regiment. Meanwhile, in the AO Wondai it was planned that B, C and D Companies 1 RAR would continue to ambush on 21 December, while A Company would cross the Suoi Cau Moi to establish blocking positions around the Binh Son rubber plantation. At 10:30 A Company discovered a cache of medical supplies before cautiously crossing the creek. On the northern bank they uncovered 15 recently used bunkers and the graves of five VC, four of which were believed to have also been killed in a contact with 8 Platoon C Company on 13 December. While moving into a new ambush position, 6 Platoon B Company also discovered an extensive bunker system and the company remained in place to destroy it the following day. A Company also reported destroying a further 30 bunkers.
The following day, 22 December 1 RAR continued ambushing and patrolling, with A and B Companies continuing to destroy the bunkers located the previous day, while C and D Companies maintained their ambush positions. A small bunker system was located during the day but there was no further contact. At 18:00 the Australians received reports of heavy fighting outside of their area of operations, with a company from the ARVN 1/43 Regiment coming under heavy mortar fire, before being assaulted by a reinforced VC battalion from 274th Regiment. The ARVN were supported by AC-47 Spooky gunships, helicopter light fire teams, fast air and US and Thai artillery and were reinforced by elements of the ARVN 1/48th Regiment. Meanwhile, at 22:00 a VC company was observed moving from the south to reinforce the battle which continued until 00:30 when the VC finally broke contact. Other South Vietnamese units had also been attacked during the evening, with the fighting resulting in a total 50 VC killed, while South Vietnamese losses included 13 killed and 50 wounded. Also that evening, elements of 2 Troop, A Squadron, 3rd Cavalry Regiment had been occupying an ambush site on a track west of Route 15, northeast of Phu My in Phước Tuy Province. At 23:58 the ambush was sprung, killing six VC and capturing another, while 13 oxcarts were also destroyed.
The next day at 12:00 on 23 December in AO Kilcoy, 8 Platoon, C Company 4 RAR/NZ mounted in APCs had been reacted to a reported sighting of VC. The platoon was split into two, with one half under the platoon sergeant moving forward on foot to search the area, moving through open rice paddy parallel with the dense scrub. When the patrol came level with a break in the vegetation it was suddenly engaged with a claymore-type command detonated mine, wounding five members of the platoon. In response the remaining half of the platoon swept the area forward of the engagement area, however the VC made good their escape, withdrawing by sampan down a branch of a nearby river. One of the wounded Australians subsequently died of his wounds before the evacuation of the casualties could be arranged. The Christmas cease-fire began at 18:00, but was broken after the VC attacked elements of ARVN 2nd Airborne Brigade at FSB Barbara with mortars and small arms fire. Australian and South Vietnamese artillery and helicopter light fire teams were subsequently called-in to provide support.
On Christmas Day a special dinner was prepared by the 4 RAR/NZ cooks and trucked to the battalion at FSB Sandpiper in AO Kilcoy. Likewise with 1 RAR still deployed in AO Wondai, a Christmas lunch was prepared and flown to the rifle companies, while the Australians at FSB Julia also enjoyed a traditional Christmas Day lunch, with the other ranks served by the officers and sergeants. Although the allied units continued to observe the cease-fire there were a number of minor violations initiated by PAVN/VC units. Soon after lunch an RPG round destroyed an American jeep on Route 15, and a number of Australian tanks and APCs, along with the Task Force Headquarters Defence and Employment Platoon reacted. The Australians engaged the area with machine-gun fire and the infantry swept the area, uncovering numerous tracks but little else. Later, in AO Wondai 10 Platoon 1RAR was fired on by two VC at 14:07, and they subsequently captured an AK-47. Meanwhile, over the evening of 25/26 December South Vietnamese forces at FSB Barbara in AO Moose came under small arms and mortar fire, suffering a number of wounded. In AO Wondai on 26 December A, B, and C Companies 1 RAR were to redeploy to new ambush locations, while D Company moved north to ambush Route 320 following a further extension of the area of operations. At 09:55, while moving to a new position 8 Platoon, C Company engaged seven VC carrying packs filled with food, clothes and detonators, killing two and capturing an AK-47.
On 27 December, after being released as III CTZ reserve, 4 RAR/NZ was deployed further north to the border between Long Khánh and Biên Hòa Province. Flying-in to AO Warragul to more effectively prevent the interdiction of Route 15, the battalion established FSB Wattle, a position which had been used by the Australians previously during Operation Hawkesbury in September. This move proved unsuccessful however, with the PAVN/VC nowhere to be found. That morning in AO Wondai, 1 Platoon A Company 1 RAR was watching the northern bank of Suoi Cau Moi and at 07:45 they contacted three VC as they attempted to cross the creek, killing one. Thirty minutes later 7 Platoon, C Company had been engaged by two VC while moving into a new ambush location. In response the Australians swept the area, and were subsequently contacted by 10 to 15 VC in a bunker system with small arms, RPG-2s and a claymore mine, resulting in one killed and five wounded, including the platoon commander, Lieutenant Bob Convery. More than away, Honner moved quickly to bring the remainder of C Company to the aid of the platoon in contact. Meanwhile, 7 Platoon had pulled back from the bunkers moving their casualties to a position where they could be winched up through the canopy for Dustoff. The casualty evacuation was complete by 11:00, while Convery had continued to co-ordinate fire support for his platoon despite his wounds. By the time C Company arrived the battle was over, however following preparation by artillery the Australians assaulted the camp, only to find that the VC had withdrawn; it was destroyed the next day. That afternoon Australian cavalry from 1 Troop occupied an ambush site south-west of FSB Julia, near one of the tributaries of the Rung Sat. At 17:20 the ambush was sprung, killing one VC and capturing a quantity of rice after sinking a sampan.
Between 28–30 December only minor contact occurred in AO Warragul, with C Company 4 RAR/NZ fing six separate bunker systems—many of which were fully developed with overhead protection and communication trenches—confirming the intelligence view that the area was likely the base and training are for a number VC main force units. Elsewhere, after handing over the defences on the Horseshoe to V Company, W Company flew north on 31 December to join the battalion. Meanwhile, 1 RAR continued operations in AO Wondai with minor contact.
Action continues, 1–20 January 1969
On 1 January 1969 Pearson moved 9 RAR from Nui Dat to relieve 1 RAR in the Long Thanh district of Biên Hòa Province. Under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Alan Morrison, the battalion subsequently took over operations in AO Wondai. Supported by the 161st Battery, Royal New Zealand Artillery they occupied FSB Diggers Rest. The battalion then mounted a series of company sweeps through the area while watching for large-scale movement of PAVN/VC forces. For the Australians, Operation Goodwood then became a 'cat and mouse' game, with 1 ATF manoeuvring in the hope of engaging the VC to destroy their bases and restricting their movement. The PAVN/VC struggled to maintain their resupply system, and in response to this pressure they opted to disperse in an attempt to bypass the Australians, only consolidating to fight when an opportunity to arose to inflict a setback on the allies. Meanwhile, a number of SAS patrols were inserted by air and road on 6 January 1969 to gather information on PAVN/VC troop movements. Further patrols were deployed to the southern Biên Hòa-Firestone Trail area in mid-January, while additional SAS patrols were inserted on 29 January in an attempt to ascertain PAVN/VC troop movements.
On 2 January 1 RAR was immediately redeployed on Operation Tiger Balm to conduct a cordon-and-search of Xom My Xuan and Phước Hoà, along Highway 15. This operation was designed to support Goodwood, as it was believed that the PAVN/VC infrastructure had moved into the villages along the highway after being forced out of the jungle during 1 ATFs operations there. The search was completed by 12:00 on 4 January and the operation concluded have only achieved modest results for the Australians. During this period South Vietnamese forces had continued to operate in AO Moose with minimal contact. Yet at 16:40 on 7 January B Company, 5 Airborne Battalion was engaged by a VC squad resulting in five South Vietnamese being wounded, two of whom later died of their wounds. The VC had then withdrawn and their casualties could not be determined. Meanwhile, 4 RAR/NZ began a sweep in their allocated area just inside the Phước Tuy border in AO Warrigul, settling into a routine of movement by day and harbouring at night while covered by the guns of the 104th Battery at FSB Wattle. Ambushing on tracks continued to prove successful. On 1 January 4 Platoon B Company ambushed a track, killing one VC, while later 7 Platoon C Company found a cache of twenty 82 mm mortar rounds, twenty 57 mm recoilless rifle rounds and 40 grenades. On 3 January 9 Platoon C Company was forced to spring an ambush during set up, killing two VC soldiers and capturing their packs. Because of the frequency that the VC were continuing to use the tracks in the AO the ambush remained in location. Less than an hour later, while in a company defensive position, the 6 Platoon B Company sentry contacted three VC soldiers moving outside the perimeter, killing one before withdrawing back the defensive position under the covering fire of the section machine-gun. The two surviving VC then fled back along the track away from 6 Platoon, only to be killed by 5 Platoon who was also ambushing the track.
Throughout January patrols from 9 RAR had fought small groups of VC daily, and on occasions encountered groups of platoon and sometimes company-sized. Numerous bunker complexes and camps were also uncovered. Although most contacts were minor, at times these encounters led to prolonged fighting. At 12:20 on 5 January 4 Platoon, B Company engaged five VC and in the ensuing action two were killed while one Australian died of wounds. At the same time D Company contacted a VC base camp, losing five men wounded. The following day 5 Platoon, B Company was engaged at 12:00 and suffered one killed and five wounded, while the Assault Pioneer Platoon later uncovered a sizeable cache of ammunition. On 10 January, A Company struck a large bunker system and was engaged with heavy machine-guns which pinned down an Australian platoon. During the company action that ensued the remaining two Australian platoons conducted a flanking assault with bayonets fixed under the cover of mortars and artillery. Two Australians were killed and the battle continued for three-and-a-half hours until last light. Another assault the following morning by A Company supported by tanks found the camp abandoned by the VC. Meanwhile, in AO Warrigul 4 RAR/NZ continued to find a number of small camps and bunker systems. During the morning D Company had had a number of fleeting contacts while setting up ambush locations and had also located a battalion-sized bunker system. However at 16:30 11 Platoon D Company engaged up to 10 VC in a bunker system, and in the ensuing clash the Australians killed two before withdrawing under the cover of artillery due to the weight of defensive fire. An air strike was subsequently used to destroy the camp, probably killing three more VC. A sweep of the area by the Australians at first light the next day found no weapons or any other material. Late on the evening of 11 January a New Zealand soldier from 3 Platoon, W Company was accidentally killed by friendly fire after firing broke out in response to noises heard on the company perimeter; an incident which clearly illustrated the difficulties and dangers of operating in the jungle at night. Two days 4 RAR/NZ was relieved by 1 RAR, and returned to Nui Dat.
In AO Wondai on 13 January 8 Platoon C Company 9 RAR engaged two VC at 09:15, killing one and capturing an AK-47 and a pack. Soon after B Company discovered an unoccupied camp and captured a quantity of equipment including a 60 mm mortar and base plate, rifles and ammunition. Several hours later A Company located a disused camp and a bunker system, uncovering grenades and explosives. Eight bodies were also discovered, and they were believed to have been killed during the contact three days before. Meanwhile, even with 1 RAR nearing the end of its tour of duty it was committed to Operation Goodwood once more, and was tasked with ambushing lines of communication and conducting reconnaissance-in-force operations if required. On 13 January Bennett moved to establish FSB Margaret east of Tam Phuoc in Biên Hòa Province, located in AO Kilcoy immediately west of AO Wondai. That morning at 07:30 C Company commenced the fly-in, securing the fire support base while Support Company and the 102nd Field Battery departed Nui Dat by road. B Company subsequently flew-in to FSB Chestnut to secure the area for the road convoy until it was called forward to FSB Margaret, and was followed by A and D Companies which were air-lifted by helicopter. The Australians then commenced an operation to search part of the Rung Sat, locating a number of small camps among the mangroves and swamps. At last light 6 Platoon B Company 1 RAR engaged three VC, and the next morning one body and an AK-47 were discovered. In AO Moose, the ARVN 2nd Brigade had concluded operations on 15 January and was relieved in place by a Brigade of the South Vietnamese Marine Division, with the 1st Marine Battalion occupying FSB Kathleen and 5th Marine Battalion occupying FSB Barbara.
Later, in AO Wondai on the afternoon of 16 January 40 VC were sighted in a camp and were engaged with artillery. C Company 9 RAR, under the command of Major Laurie Lewis, was rapidly redeployed by helicopter just prior to last light. The company moved on foot to its objective, and set up a night ambush. At 23:20 the ambush was initiated by 8 Platoon, when approximately 15 PAVN soldiers carrying torches entered the engagement area; five were killed in the action. At first light C Company entered and searched the now abandoned camp, from the ambush site, and aside from a number of dead killed previously by artillery nothing of note was discovered. In contrast, 1 RAR had continued to operate with only minor contact in AO Kilcoy, ambushing a number of waterways. However, on the evening of 16 January at 20:50 9 Platoon C Company fired on a sampan, engaging the vessel at with an M60 machine-gun, small arms and grenades, killing two VC. The Australians then used flares to illuminate any swimmers but nothing further was observed. Later at 11:43 on 18 January in AO Kilcoy a section of Australian APCs from A Squadron Headquarters was deployed to resupply D Company 1 RAR when an APC hit a large road-mine west of Thai Thien on Route 15, killing the crew commander and wounding two others, and destroying the vehicle. Later as Goodwood continued the VC mined roads and tracks extensively, hampering the operations of the Australian cavalry and causing further damage to vehicles and injuries to personnel. At dusk an ambush from 6 Platoon B Company had engaged two VC, and although one soldier was seen to fall no casualties were found during the sweep. At 06:15 the following morning an ambush by 4 Platoon B Company contacted a group of five VC, killing one and wounding a second. Around 07:00 B Company 1 RAR observed a large force of 70 VC moving from north-west to south-east, wearing greens and carrying large packs. They were subsequently engaged by artillery, while A Company moved into blocking positions by APC to the south-west and B Company commenced a sweep to the east. Much of the artillery fire had been inaccurate however, and the sweeps were completed without incident. At 12:00 D Company was inserted by air to the west, and also swept the area without incident.
In a series of incidents on the morning of 19 January, all four of 9 RAR's rifle companies, as well as the battalion's Support Company, were in contact at the same time during heavy fighting. So frenetic was the action that the 161st Battery RNZA were only just able to change their supporting fires from one target to another, while the 9 RAR Mortar Platoon was also used to hit multiple dispersed targets with their indirect fires. Three Australians were subsequently killed and five wounded, all from 2 Platoon A Company, after RPGs were fired into the company position. The same day an Australian soldier was accidentally killed during a patrol by the 9 RAR Anti-Tank Platoon. On 20 January, another Australian was killed during an action against a VC bunker. These actions were having some effect however, and reports suggested that a VC regiment was attempting to move north through AO Wondai, but were being delayed by successful patrolling by 9 RAR. Consequently, 9 RAR continued its blocking operation. Intelligence received in mid-January highlighted the success of these operations, with the VC 274th Regiment believed to be encountering serious morale problems, due in part, to a lack of food.
Meanwhile, after watching a well used track for a number of days 2 Troop, A Squadron, 3rd Cavalry Regiment together with an SAS patrol, established an ambush east of FSB Chestnut in Biên Hòa Province on 19 January. At 17:16 the ambush was sprung against a large force, resulting in three killed and two wounded. The survivors were able to successfully withdraw however, and they waited until after dark to counter-attack the Australians. The SAS were subsequently forced to withdraw as the APCs provided covering fire while another three VC were probably killed in the fighting. The same evening 3 Troop mounted a successful ambush close to FSB Chestnut, killing one VC and wounding another three. These ambushes were two of a number conducted by the Australian cavalry throughout the operation, and they used a new, more aggressive technique with considerable success. Indeed, during this period 10 successful ambushes were mounted in the Hat Dich area using the new tactics devised by the squadron's Intelligence Officer after working with the US Army during previous operations. Three weeks later three graves were discovered west of FSB Chestnut and it was believed that they had also been killed during the 2 Troop ambush mounted on 19 January. Later, on 20 January 1 Troop was deployed on a reconnaissance-in-force operation approximately south of FSB Julia in Biên Hòa Province. At 09:44 one of the APCs detonated an anti-tank mine, wounding five Australians. The same day the South Vietnamese A Marine Brigade and 1st Marine Battalion departed AO Moose. Headquarters ARVN 52nd Regiment relieved them, augmented by the ARVN 3/52nd Regiment and the 5th Marine Battalion which remained attached in direct support. Operations continued with little contact however.
Operations in late-January 1969
1 RAR redeployed on 21 January, with A Company moving west back to Route 15 to ambush the area and C Company moving back into AO Wondai by APC to sweep a key ridgeline. B and D Companies continued to search and ambush in AO Kilcoy, while Thai units completed a reconnaissance-in-force south from the Binh Son area. That afternoon A Company relieved D Company, which continued on towards FSB Julia to establish ambush positions in the vicinity of Thai Thien. C Company had completed its sweep without incident. That evening 12 VC moving from east to west entered the killing ground of an ambush mounted by 10 Platoon D Company. The ambush was sprung at 21:10 with claymore mines and small arms at a range of less the , hitting two of them. A sweep at first light the following morning found one dead, an AK-47 and marks where another wounded soldier had been dragged towards the village. At 09:15 the following day D Company searched an area where air strikes had revealed what were believed to be tunnels and a camp, and they uncovered a number of bunker systems. 12 Platoon subsequently engaged two VC, wounding one and capturing him; he was administered morphine before he died of his wounds. A subsequent search of the area uncovered another bunker system. Meanwhile, that afternoon C Company had completed its search without incident and returned to AO Kilcoy. That evening 11 Platoon D Company was contacted at 19:15 while moving into a night ambush, killing one VC soldier.
A Company 1 RAR completed its redeployment by APC at 10:10 on 23 January, while C Company moved to FSB Margaret. That evening at 20:50 10 Platoon D Company ambushed a group of VC, killing two. On 24 January C Company 1 RAR conducted a reconnaissance-in-force against a suspected logistic transfer point, while a combat engineer team was detached to the battalion, along with a troop of APCs and a troop of tanks. That morning at 09:25 a number of bunkers were located by 8 Platoon, while forty-four bags of rice and two bags of salt were found by the Assault Pioneer Platoon. A Company had found three fresh graves during the day, which were believed to have been killed during recent SAS operations in the area, while a number of small camps and a quantity of weapons, clothing and rice were also uncovered. Meanwhile, B Company was redeployed to block VC movement through Phu My. That afternoon a patrol from 7 Platoon B Company had clashed with ten to fifteen VC at 17:41, killing one at close range. At the same time 3 Platoon A Company was also in contact, wounding one Viet Cong soldier. Later at 18:57 11 Platoon D Company fired on two VC who returned fire, wounding one Australian. B Company operations east of Phu My continued on 25 January, with an ambush by 6 Platoon firing on a number of oxcarts at 05:45; later it was discovered that a local villager had been wounded after ignoring the curfew. 1 RAR continued operations over the coming days with only minor contact which resulted in several VC being wounded and a number of rice caches located by the Australians before they moved to secure pick-up zones on the afternoon of 26 January to prepare for extraction the following day.
On 27 January 4 RAR/NZ was deployed to the Hat Dich to replace 1 RAR which had returned to Nui Dat that day, following a few weeks respite during which the New Zealand W Company had carried out a three-day operation with an ARVN unit in the Long Green. B Company moved by APC to the old FSB Dyke position and secured it for the fly-in of battalion headquarters and D Company. W Company rejoined the battalion the following day, deploying by APC east of Phước Tuy border in response to information from SAS patrols of significant VC movement in this area. Operating in AO Riversdale to the west of FSB Julia in an area close to that which they had in mid-December—now extended further east—the rifle companies then swept an area of jungle north-east of Thai Thien on Route 15. On 29 January W Company clashed heavy with a company-sized force. During stand-to that evening the New Zealanders had heard the sounds of movement through the bamboo and a short but fierce engagement ensued with W Company being hit by heavy machine-gun fire and RPGs from three directions, wounding three men. W Company successfully resisted the assault however, firing their M60 machine-guns and more than 15 claymore mines, while artillery fire was called-in to break up the attack. Blood trails and drag marks found the following morning indicated that as many as five VC had been killed. SAS patrols had been operating in the area prior to the arrival of W Company and it is probable that previous contacts during the day had led the VC to believe that they had located a five-man reconnaissance patrol rather than a New Zealand rifle company. The same day 9 RAR's AO was extended westward, with FSB Jenny established to cover the operations of B, C and D Companies south of Route 15 following indications of an imminent attack against Long Thanh. Meanwhile, A Company returned to Nui Dat to refit. The expected attack never eventuated however, and these operations proved uneventful, with the battalion redeploying to its original AO two days later.
4 RAR/NZ had begun to meet strong resistance within its AO. On 30 January all four rifle companies clashed with small two to five-man groups of VC within the space of a few hours, killing five and uncovering another camp as well as quantities of ammunition, medical supplies and rice. Meanwhile, after an uneventful period at the Horseshoe, the New Zealand V Company joined 4RAR/NZ following its relief-in-place by C Company. After landing V Company commenced moving towards it patrol area and soon found itself in an entrenched camp, locating a number of caches. An ambush was then established on tracks approaching the bunker system by 3 Platoon, who killed three VC over the following two days. The next day, 31 January D Company contacted one VC soldier at 09:15 without result and the Australians subsequently attempted to follow-up. An hour later 10 Platoon was ambushed with claymore mines, RPGs and small arms by five to 10 VC soldiers located in a bunker system, killing two Australians and wounding two more. The Australians resisted strongly however, and the platoon's fire eventually forced the VC to break contact and withdraw west. During the opening burst of fire Private Malcolm Gibson, an acting section commander, had been knocked unconscious and after recovering he crawled forward under heavy fire to man the machine-gun, providing covering fire to his section despite having the pack shot off his back. He then regrouped his men and provided effective fire support for the remainder the platoon. For his leadership and courage he was later awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal.
Renewed fighting, 1–16 February 1969
On 1 February in AO Moose the South Vietnamese 5th Marine Battalion suffered two killed and six wounded following the detonation of an anti-personnel mine. Later that evening Australian cavalry from 3 Troop ambushed the edge of the waterway to the southwest of FSB Julia. The ambush was sprung at 02:08, and resulted in two VC killed and one sampan sunk. During the mid-afternoon in AO Riverdale, 3 Platoon V Company engaged a number of VC, killing one and capturing an M16 assault rifle, while after last light 5 Platoon B Company sprung a night ambush, killing one and wounding another and capturing an AK-47, an SKS and a number of M16 magazines. That afternoon 11 Platoon D Company had also found a camp and eight graves; however there was no further contact between the Australians and VC in AO Riverdale for the next five days, although on 4 February W Company found a VC camp containing 60 bunkers which was subsequently searched and then destroyed by the New Zealanders. Meanwhile, in AO Wondai B Company 9 RAR subsequently conducted a number of successful ambushes and on 4 February 5 Platoon ambushed a VC party of eight men at first light, killing six of them.
In AO Riverdale on 6 January, B Company 4 RAR/NZ had patrolled into the D Company AO, and soon after 4 Platoon engaged two VC, killing both and capturing two AK-47s and two packs. Soon after 5 Platoon uncovered five fresh graves which were likely the result of a previous action. Two additional battalions from the Thủ Đức Regiment were reported to have entered the Hat Dich area. Pearson subsequently redeployed 4 RAR/NZ the following day, and with tanks and APCs in support the battalion moved by helicopter into AO Tiki to the north-west along Route 15, where it would become engaged in the heaviest contacts of Operation Goodwood. Greville subsequently establish FSB Janice in the rice fields at the northern end of the Rung Sat. A number of successful ambushes were conducted by the Australian and New Zealand infantry over the coming days, while patrolling by day resulted in the discovery of a number of large weapons caches. Indeed, although tactically questionable, the VC had continued to use many of the same routes and tracks throughout the operation despite suffering heavy casualties during these ambushes. Overnight Australian cavalry from 3 Troop had been deployed in a night ambush west of Phu My, adjacent to Route 15 on the edge of the Rung Sat. A motorised junk and a sampan were subsequently sunk and three VC killed by the Australians.
On 8 February, D Company 9 RAR was engaged in the north-east of their AO with RPGs and small arms by a platoon-size force in a bunker system. Heavy fighting ensured with the action lasting five hours as the Australians called in mortar and artillery fire, and were also supported by air strikes and helicopter light fire teams. The lead Australian platoon—12 Platoon—had suffered one wounded during the initial contact, and a further five were wounded as the sweep continued. Due to the heavy fire the evacuation of the wounded was delayed, and the Dustoff helicopter was forced to depart without the casualties, one of whom subsequently died of his wounds. A number of VC snipers in trees had also engaged the Australians, in conjunction with the troops in the bunkers and the area was subsequently bombarded by the Australians with artillery, helicopter light fire teams and air strikes before 12 Platoon was able to break contact. Five VC were believed to have been killed. Later during the subsequent follow-up over the next two days, the Australians found an extensive complex of four bunker systems with a total of over 60 mutually supporting bunkers. At last light in AO Tiki, 3 Platoon V Company 4 RAR/NZ observed around 35 VC moving west out of the area of operations and they were engaged by artillery and helicopter light fire teams. The VC responded with small arms, firing on the helicopters before withdrawing under the cover of darkness after suffering a number of casualties. The following day the New Zealanders conducted a sweep of the area and recovered one body. Meanwhile, the ARVN 52nd Regiment concluded operations in AO Moose and commenced operations in AO Warragul.
The following day, 9 February, contacts continued between the New Zealanders and the VC. At 14:38 a section patrol from 2 Platoon W Company 4 RAR/NZ clashing with five VC at while conducting a reconnaissance of a track, killing two and capturing an AK-47 and a pistol. A follow-up sweep by 2 Platoon located a small camp and five packs. Further fleeting contacts occurred during the afternoon and early evening, before V Company sighted 10 VC at 19:50 from their night position and subsequently engaged them with artillery. At first light the next morning the New Zealanders were contacted while checking the area of the previous night's engagement and one VC was killed. That evening V Company again observed 14 VC moving through their area of operations and they again directed artillery onto them. The VC subsequently withdrew carrying two bodies, while a sweep early the next morning resulted in the New Zealanders capturing a pack containing four pistols and three AK-47 magazines. Later four dead VC were found and were believed to have been the result of the previous contact with V Company on the 10th, while B Company nearby also found a dead body in the area engaged by the New Zealanders.
Later, during a search in AO Wondai on the afternoon of 14 February, C Company 9 RAR contacted a strong VC force in a large bunker system. Despite being supported by a helicopter light fire team and artillery the Australians were unable to advance, and they subsequently broke contact to allow the use of medium artillery after having lost one killed and four wounded. The following day A Company was deployed with tanks to assist a further assault by C Company in the bunker system, which was again found to have been abandoned by the VC after having suffered a number of casualties. Meanwhile, a series of minor contacts occurred as VC forces began returning to the area. In AO Tiki, D Company 4 RAR/NZ mounted a series of ambushes on the creeks which flowed into the Rung Sat. The VC had been using these watercourses extensively for logistic resupply and to gain access to the villages in the area. On 15 February 10 Platoon D Company had deployed to southern end of the battalion AO to mount a night ambush on a high bank on a sharp bend in the Suoi Cau river. The infantry were reinforced by 90 mm M67 recoilless rifles (RCLs) from the Tracker Platoon, which were placed on the flanks. At 21:03 six sampans carrying around 15 VC entered the engagement area moving from west to east and the ambush was initiated by splintex rounds from the RCLs as well as M60 machine-guns and small arms. At least two sampans were sunk and six VC killed before they were able to withdraw to the southern bank and engage the Australians with small arms and RPGs. At first light the next morning the Australians swept the area, wading through the shallow river at low tide, subsequently locating another damaged sampan, an AK-47, an RPG-2 and two RPG rounds.
On 16 February, just prior to a ceasefire for the Tết New Year festival, the Australian command had received information from an agent about the location of large weapon caches in the north of AO Tiki, and a large VC force was also expected to be in position. B and W Companies 4 RAR/NZ, each accompanied by a tracker team and a Centurion tank troop from B Squadron, 1st Armoured Regiment were subsequently tasked to patrol to the area by separate routes. Accompanied by the Hoi Chanh, B Company—under the command of Major Bill Reynolds—crossed an open area during the early afternoon and moved into some dense vegetation, patrolling up to an occupied VC position unaware. Well concealed in bunkers the defenders successfully initiated a command-detonated directional mine and opened fire with small-arms and RPGs, killing one Australian and wounding five others. In response the Australian tanks—under the command of Second Lieutenant Brian Sullivan—moved forward to support the infantry, and in the ensuring battle two were damaged, including one which was knocked out by an RPG which penetrated the turret and inflicted severe injuries on the crew. Yet under the leadership of Reynolds, B Company fought to regain its balance following the initial onslaught, and was able to withdraw under the fire of the surviving tanks which engaged the bunkers at point-blank with their 20 pounder main armament, using solid shot and canister anti-personnel rounds which stripped the undergrowth. The Australian casualties were moved back to safety by stretcher bearers who had moved forward under covering fire, and the damaged tank was also successfully recovered.
Meanwhile, the 4 RAR/NZ Regimental Medical Officer, Captain Dave Lewis had commandeered a Bell H-13 Sioux light observation helicopters from 161st Reconnaissance Flight and flew in to assist the treatment of the casualties. Despite his efforts however, one of the most badly injured soldiers succumbed to their wounds. The remainder of the casualties were then moved by helicopter to the Australian Field Hospital at Vung Tau. The Australians then called-in artillery fire which was adjusted onto the bunker system, with the 105 mm guns of the 104th Field Battery being augmented by those of the 102nd Field Battery in the neighbouring AO, and American 155 mm self-propelled guns. A number of air strikes were also directed onto the position, while Reynolds planned an attack to destroy the VC force. Gradually B Company gained the upper hand and prepared to assault the position, returning heavy fire with small arms while the tanks continued to engage the bunkers from close range. The contact had continued until late afternoon, however with the truce due to come into effect for Tet, American fire support would cease to be available at 17:00, after which a 24-hour cease-fire would commence. Circling overhead in another Sioux helicopter Greville protested, and although Pearson had supported him the Americans refused to provide offensive support despite the contact having been initiated by the VC. Reynolds could continue the assault if he wished, but he would only have the limited fire support from the two tanks capable of firing and the Australian field artillery, while the battalion mortars were out of range and would have been inadequate nonetheless.
Lacking the medium artillery and air strikes required to successfully assault the fortified position, B Company withdrew to a safe distance and kept the position under observation and fire. A follow-up attack schedule for the next day was also cancelled due to the unavailability of American artillery. During the night a large VC force was observed withdrawing, with one party of about 30 men passing close to a concealed Centurion; frustrated, the Australians observed the truce and held their fire. The next morning, 17 January, with the area now stripped bare of vegetation the devastation caused to the bunker system was obvious and it was clear that the position had been hit heavily by the Australian tanks and artillery. Although there were numerous signs of casualties, with a large number of blood trails and some damaged weapons the Australians found only three dead, with the VC once again having cleared the battlefield of the dead and wounded during the night. Later intelligence suggested that the position had been occupied by the headquarters of the 274th Regiment and one of its battalions and the Australians considered it likely that the VC battalion had fought a delaying action to allow the headquarters to withdraw, before itself retiring under cover of darkness. A thorough search of the area by the Australians was not possible however, and B Company was ordered to return to their patrol area to prepare for redeployment. The fighting had been one of the more significant actions of Operation Goodwood and for his leadership during this action Reynolds was awarded the Military Cross. Corporal Wayne Brown—the B Company Medical Assistant—was awarded the Military Medal, while Sullivan and Brett were both Mentioned in Despatches.
Operation Goodwood concludes, 17–19 February 1969
Just after dusk on 17 January, following the end of the Tet truce, a large force attacked a South Vietnamese post across the river on 4 RAR/NZ's western boundary, before withdrawing back along a creek towards FSB Janice. At 01:45 on 18 February a sentry from D Company had detected noise and movement to the south, just outside the wire. Estimated at up to company strength, the VC were observed clearly through a Starlight scope and were moving noisily, likely unaware of their proximity to the fire support base. Meanwhile, the mortar fire controller (MFC) had moved to the sentry position, and as the VC force commenced crossing the creek they were engaged by the Australians with more than 100 rounds of mortar fire at a range of just from the base plate location. The initial bombardment caused confusion among the VC and they took no evasive action, instead continuing to attempt to cross the creek. Several more rounds then landed among them, causing numerous casualties and forcing the survivors to withdraw. As with previous contacts, the VC once again demonstrated their skill in removing their casualties from the battlefield and clearing patrols sent out at first light by the Australians found no bodies, although numerous blood trails and drag marks were observed indicating that the VC had suffered heavily. A large quantity of discarded weapons, equipment and ammunition was captured by the Australians however, including seven AK-47s, four RPG-2s, an L1A1 Self Loading Rifle, a pistol, a 12.7 mm heavy machine-gun and armour piercing rounds.
Meanwhile, 9 RAR had continued to maintain its blocking operations, however on 16 February it was redeployed to AO Belconnen to shield the American bases at Long Binh and Biên Hòa against attacks expected during Tet as part of a new operation, known as Operation Federal. Later, in response to the upcoming communist offensive Pearson also warned Greville to be prepared to move 4 RAR/NZ further north to help defend Long Binh and Biên Hòa. With the Australians having penetrated into the heart of a major VC sanctuary, it was likely that the VC had left a large number of caches in the area after being forced to withdraw, however time would not permit 4 RAR/NZ to conduct a thorough search of the area. Yet even as the operation was winding down V Company 4 RAR/NZ had a number of successful contacts in AO Riverdale over the next two days, killing at least two VC in two separate incidents on 18 and 19 February.
Aftermath
After 78 days Operation Goodwood concluded on 19 February 1969. FSB Julia closed and HQ 1 ATF moved to FSB Kerry in preparation for upcoming operations. Australian casualties included 21 killed and 91 wounded, New Zealand casualties included one killed and six wounded, South Vietnamese casualties were 31 killed and 81 wounded, U.S casualties were seven wounded. PAVN/VC losses amounted to at least 245 killed, 39 possibly killed, 45 wounded and 17 captured, during 274 separate contacts. Nearly 2,000 bunkers were uncovered and many destroyed, while more than 280 rocket propelled grenades, 70 anti-personnel mines, 490 grenades and 450 pounds of explosives were captured. Throughout the operation the bulk of the contacts had been initiated by the Australians, a reverse of the American trend in which more than two-thirds of actions were normally initiated by the VC. Although there were few major actions, the operation was considered a success by the Australians and following it VC activity in 1 ATFs area of operations visibly lessened as the VC were forced to abandon their permanent bases in the Hat Dich and disrupting their preparations for upcoming offensive operations. Operation Goodwood was one of the longest out of province operations mounted by the Australians during the war and was also the last Australian multi-battalion operation to be fought across the border with third-country forces. From 1969 most operations tended to be platoon and company-sized, and confined to Phước Tuy. It had been a period of intense activity for the Australians and the Royal Australian Regiment, the 3rd Cavalry Regiment and 1st Armoured Regiment were subsequently awarded the battle honour "Hat Dich", one of only five presented to Australian units during the war.
There was little respite for the Australians though, with both 4 RAR/NZ and 9 RAR immediately redeploying in anticipation of another PAVN/VC offensive during Tet, under Operation Federal. This operation in late-February 1969 saw 1 ATF—less one battalion and other elements required to secure its base in Nui Dat—once again operating outside Phước Tuy Province to secure the major bases of Long Binh, Biên Hòa and the capital Saigon from an impending offensive. However, unlike the previous two episodes—Operation Coburg in January and February 1968 and Operation Thoan Thang I in May 1968 which had both involved large-scale attacks on the Australian positions, Operational Federal was less intensive and was limited to ambushing and patrolling, with none of the Australian fire support bases subjected to attack. 1 RAR subsequently returned to Australia after being relieved by 5 RAR—under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Colin Kahn—on 15 February. Arriving in Sydney on 28 February 1969, 1 RAR was welcomed home with a march through the city. During the tour—its second in South Vietnam—the battalion had killed at least 276 VC and destroyed a large number of bunkers, camps, and caches and had been heavily involved in the Battle of Coral–Balmoral. 1 RAR's own casualties had been high however, losing 31 killed and 165 wounded.
The 1969 Tet offensive began in the early hours of 23 February, with PAVN/VC attacks against US and ARVN installations and district capitals. Lacking the ferocity of the 1968 Tet Offensive, the outburst soon slackened, however. In III CTZ, where 1 ATF operated, over a period of five days there were 175 attacks by fire and just 15 ground assaults, while the PAVN/VC suffered over 1,800 killed and 320 captured. Indeed, for the Australians the offensive proved to be only a series of relatively minor disturbances when compared to that of the year before; perhaps demoralised following the earlier mauling at Coral and Balmoral the VC declined to attack major South Vietnamese and US installations in force. Regardless, with the bulk of 1 ATF operating away from Nui Dat in first half of 1969, the VC again became active in the populated central and southern areas of Phước Tuy Province, including Dat Do and Long Dien and the villages between Dat Do and the coast. Although ARVN forces were by now operating in these areas, VC guerrilla groups operated with freedom, especially at night. As a consequence Australian operations in mid-1969 were forced to focus on the area around Dat Do and the Long Hải Hills, as they attempted to restrict the VC's access to the local population. Later, on 6–7 June 1969 the Australians were engaged in fierce close-quarter house-to-house fighting with PAVN/VC forces during the Battle of Binh Ba.
Notes
Footnotes
Citations
References
Further reading
Conflicts in 1969
1969 in Vietnam
Battles and operations of the Vietnam War
Battles involving Vietnam
Battles of the Vietnam War involving Australia
Battles of the Vietnam War involving the United States
Battles of the Vietnam War involving New Zealand
Battles of the Vietnam War involving Thailand
History of Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu Province
Đồng Nai province
Battles and operations of the Vietnam War in 1968
Battles and operations of the Vietnam War in 1969
December 1968 events in Asia
January 1969 events in Asia
February 1969 events in Asia |
Scott Linn (born ) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Alfred State College, a position he has held since 2018. He also coached for Albion, Alfred, and Hartwick. He played college football for Albion as a fullback.
Head coaching record
References
External links
Alfred State profile
Alfred profile
Hartwick profile
Year of birth uncertain
1980s births
Living people
American football fullbacks
Albion Britons football coaches
Albion Britons football players
Alfred Saxons football coaches
Alfred State Pioneers football coaches
Hartwick Hawks football coaches
Alfred University alumni |
Dr. Shikoh Gitau (circa 1981) is a Kenyan computer scientist. She finished her undergraduate studies in Computer Science at the Africa Nazarene University and attained her PhD at University of Cape Town. She is known for inventing M-Ganga and Ummeli, mobile applications for promoting health and medicine and matching unemployed workers with employment opportunities. Gitau was the first African to win the Google Anita Borg Memorial Scholarship, received in the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing based on her inventions and thesis. She contributes and manages the Technology Innovations for Inclusive Growth program, where she is presently employed in the Africa Development Bank (AfDB).
Early life
Gitau was born to a working-class family in Mathare. Soon after her birth, her family lost their property in Mathare in the aftermath of the 1982 Kenyan Coup D'état Attempt and were forced to settle with relatives in Nakuru. During her childhood in Nakuru, Gitau saw her first collegiate graduation ceremony on television. She credits witnessing a woman receive a PhD from then-president Daniel arap Moi during this broadcast with motivating her to pursue higher education.
Gitau completed her undergraduate studies at the Africa Nazarene University (ANU) in Nairobi. Her career at ANU was marked by academic excellence: she remained on the Honor Roll and Dean's List during all four years of her education, and earned the university's Merit and Leadership Awards in 2003 and 2005, respectively. After receiving her degree, she worked briefly as a UNICEF volunteer before taking a job as a program's assistant at the Centre for Multiparty Democracy, a Kenyan political activism group. She worked there until 2007, when she enrolled in the University of Cape Town to pursue an M.Sc. and subsequently a PhD in Computer Science.
Career
Gitau has worked in a plethora of different areas to benefit African development. Her most notable career achievement is her mobile application "Ummeli". This application, created in June 2010, matches unemployed people with employers in need of their skills. Due to its low cost and practical use, its potential to change unemployment in labor markets is very high. Umelli is available in South Africa now and is projected to become available in other African countries. In December 2010, Gitau started working for Google Inc's Emerging Markets where she "identified, researched and designed the www.beba.co.keconcept and worked on its introduction to Kenya’s Transit system". In January 2011, Gitau was a co-founder and research mentor for iHub_Research, where she was on the forefront of research on mobile internet usage in Africa and worked on the Microsoft oneApp project. Currently, Gitau works in the ICT department of the African Development Bank (AfDB) working on developing various projects with different governments across Africa.
Awards and Recognitions
On July 31, 2013, Gitau became one of three people to win the ABIE Change Agent Award. She made history by becoming the first African to win the Google Anita Borg Memorial Scholarship. She was recognized with fellow honorees in Minneapolis, Minnesota on October 5 during the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing (GHC).
In 2017, Gitau was recognized as the Most Influential Women CEO Global for East Africa under the Information and communications technology (ICT) sector by the Independent Magazine.
Other
2005 Top Ten Finalists for Oxford Rhodes Memorial Scholarship
2013 AfroElle Power List of African women who affect change
2015 Top 40 under 40 women to watch in Kenya
2015 ASPEN New Voices Fellow
References
University of Cape Town alumni
Kenyan computer scientists
Kenyan women computer scientists
Africa Nazarene University alumni
Living people
1980s births
Year of birth uncertain |
Triplax mesosternalis is a species of pleasing fungus beetle in the family Erotylidae. It is found in Central America and North America.
References
Further reading
Erotylidae
Articles created by Qbugbot
Beetles described in 1905 |
Darcy Irwin Rota (born February 16, 1953) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who spent eleven seasons in the National Hockey League. He featured in the 1982 Stanley Cup Finals with the Vancouver Canucks.
Playing career
Born in Vancouver, British Columbia, Rota's formative years including Bantam / Midget level hockey were in Prince George, British Columbia. Rota played his junior hockey with the Edmonton Oil Kings of the WCHL, helping the club reach the Memorial Cup in 1971 and 1972. A dangerous sniper, he led the WCHL in goals in 1972–73, notching 73 in just 68 games en route to a 129-point season. Following the season, he was selected 13th overall by the Chicago Black Hawks in the 1973 NHL Amateur Draft.
Rota stepped straight into the Black Hawks' roster in 1973–74, and turned in a solid rookie season with 21 goals and 33 points in 74 games. Over the next several seasons, Rota developed into a solid, gritty, two-way player who made a solid contribution at both ends of the ice, although he didn't develop into the type of scorer it was thought he could be when he was drafted. He scored at least 20 goals in each of his first four seasons in Chicago, with his best year as a Black Hawk coming in 1976–77 when he co-led the team with 24 goals.
Late in the 1978–79 season, Rota was dealt along with Ivan Boldirev to the Atlanta Flames in a blockbuster trade which saw Tom Lysiak moving to Chicago. He started off well in Atlanta with 9 goals in 13 games to close the season, but struggled in 1979–80 with just 18 points through 44 games. Midway through the season, he and Boldirev were dealt again, this time to the Vancouver Canucks, giving a delighted Rota a chance to play for his hometown team.
Rota's first full season as a Canuck in 1980–81 would be the best in his career to that point, as he notched career highs with 25 goals and 56 points. He would miss a substantial chunk of the 1981–82 campaign with a knee injury, but was a key component of the squad that reached the 1982 Stanley Cup finals, notching 6 goals in 17 playoff games.
For the 1982–83 season, Rota spent much of the year on a dynamic line with Thomas Gradin and Stan Smyl, and turned in the finest year of his career. He led the team in goals with 42 and finished with 81 points, both of which set club records (since broken by Markus Näslund) for a left winger.
Rota continued to excel in 1983–84, and was selected to play in his first NHL All-Star Game. He appeared to be on target for another season of close to 40 goals when he suffered a serious neck injury on a check from Jay Wells of the Los Angeles Kings. He managed to return for the playoffs, but was eventually forced to undergo spinal fusion surgery in the summer of 1984. He attempted to rejoin the Canucks in November of that year, but was warned that he risked further injury if he continued to play. After a few practices, he opted to retire.
Rota finished his career with 256 goals and 239 assists for 495 points in 794 NHL games, along with 973 penalty minutes. Rota fans called themselves the "Rota Rooters."
Management career
Rota was hired to work in public relations for the Canucks, and served in various positions in the team's front office, including a spell as Director of Player Development, until they parted ways in 1990. He then spent a stretch working for the NHL as an assistant to league president John Ziegler. From 1994 to 1996 he served as a commentator on Canucks TV telecasts alongside Jim Robson.
In 1998, Rota became head coach of the expansion Burnaby Bulldogs of the BCHL. Rota resides in the city of Coquitlam, and in 2000 he became part-owner, president, and general manager of the expansion Coquitlam Express of the BCHL. He built the team which won the 2006 Royal Bank Cup. Rota left the organization after the 2014 season.
Career statistics
Awards
WCHL Second All-Star Team – 1972
WCHL All-Star Team – 1973
References
External links
Profile at hockeydraftcentral.com
1953 births
Living people
Atlanta Flames players
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Chicago Blackhawks draft picks
Chicago Blackhawks players
Edmonton Oil Kings (WCHL) players
Houston Aeros draft picks
Sportspeople from Prince George, British Columbia
Ice hockey people from Vancouver
National Hockey League All-Stars
National Hockey League broadcasters
National Hockey League first-round draft picks
Vancouver Canucks announcers
Vancouver Canucks executives
Vancouver Canucks players
World Hockey Association first round draft picks |
Wirtgen Group is an internationally operating German company in the construction industry. The company's core business is the development and production of machinery for road construction and maintenance.
Wirtgen Group employs around 8,500 people around the world and its annual turnover is around €3 billion. It also has local manufacturing plants in Brazil, China, and India, 55 distribution and service offices and over 150 authorized dealers around the globe.
History
In November 1961 Reinhard Wirtgen founded a small contracting business in Windhagen, Germany, starting with small haulage jobs and later specializing in road construction machinery with concrete breakers. Eventually Wirtgen expanded his fleet to 100 milling machines and 150 workers operating all over Germany. Reinhard Wirtgen progressed the product portfolio from hot milling to cold milling machines by the end of the 70s, which significantly increased the economic efficiency of the milling process. The international development of the company began when Reinhard Wirtgen set up the first subsidiaries outside of Germany.
Reinhard Wirtgen systematically expanded his product portfolio at the production plant to four product divisions. In 1981, Wirtgen built the first surface miners for opencast mining and routing operations in hard rock. From 1987 onwards, Wirtgen introduced cold recycling as an economical method of road rehabilitation. Two years later, he incorporated the slipform paver division into his company to offer solutions for the construction of concrete roads and poured-in-place concrete profiles.
Jürgen Wirtgen and Stefan Wirtgen took over the management of the company in 1997. The expansion of the corporate group began with the integration of the road paver manufacturer Vögele. Hamm, a roller manufacturer, was integrated into Wirtgen Group in 1999. High investments in the three production plants resulted in the expansion of production capacities and efficiency, as well as a strong presence for the corporate group on a global scale.
In 2006 Wirtgen Group consolidated two business lines: "Road Technologies" and "Mineral Technologies". The second line was established with the incorporation of Kleemann, a German manufacturer of mobile and stationary processing plants.
In 2014, the manufacturer of asphalt mixing plants Benninghoven was also integrated into the company.
In 2017, Wirtgen Group entered into a definitive agreement with John Deere to be purchased for $5.2 Billion.
Product brands
Wirtgen GmbH
Wirtgen GmbH is located in Windhagen in Rheinland-Pfalz, and it is the youngest and largest subcompany of the corporation. Wirtgen GmbH produces road milling machines and cold recyclers, as well as Surface miners for open cast mining operations.
Joseph Vögele AG
Joseph Vögele AG is based in Ludwigshafen am Rhein in Rheinland-Pfalz. The company is the world market leader for asphalt pavers and belongs to Wirtgen Group since 1996.
Hamm AG
HAMM AG, founded in Tirschenreuth in Bayern, is specialized in compaction technology. It is part of Wirtgen Group since 2000 and it manufactures road and soil compactors.
Kleemann GmbH
Located in Göppingen in Baden-Württemberg, KLEEMANN GmbH manufactures crushing and screening plants. It is part of Wirtgen Group since 2006.
Benninghoven GmbH & Co. KG
BENNINGHOVEN GmbH & Co. KG, located in Wittlich in Rheinland-Pfalz, is one of the largest recycling and asphalt mixing plant manufacturer in Germany. The company belongs to Wirtgen Group since 2014.
Local production sites
Ciber
Ciber Equipamentos Rodoviários is Wirtgen Group's local production facility for Latin America and completes the comprehensive product range with its own brand. The brand headquarter is located in the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil, in the city of Porto Alegre. CIBER manufactures hot mix asphalt plants and pavers on five production lines. It also produces a model from the WIRTGEN cold milling machine line and a HAMM roller, each of which are adapted to the requirements of the local market.
Wirtgen China
The local production facility for China is established in Langfang, near Beijing. The production range includes selected models of WIRTGEN cold milling machines, VÖGELE road pavers and HAMM rollers. Around 380 employees work in an area of 200.000 m2.
Wirtgen India
The new head office of WIRTGEN INDIA is located in the vicinity of Pune, an industrial center in the northwest of India. 672 employees work in the 129,100m² production area, production of HAMM of two models single-drum <model 311> and mutli-drum <model HD99> compactors, KLEEMANN screens. & Vogele Pavers
References
Manufacturing companies established in 1961
German companies established in 1961
Construction equipment manufacturers of Germany
Companies based in Rhineland-Palatinate
Road construction |
Sonya's Story (Russian: История Сони) is an opera by the British composer Neal Thornton to a libretto based on the original Russian text of Anton Chekhov's 1899 play Uncle Vanya. The libretto reproduces passages from Uncle Vanya in English translation with additional spoken text by Neal Thornton.
Sonya's Story premiered on 7 August 2010 at the Riverside Studios in London to celebrate Chekhov's 150th birthday. The production, part of the Tête à Tête festival was directed by Sally Burgess and designed by Charles Phu. The work was positively received, Jessica Duchen of The Independent noticing "no compromise on standards".
Roles
References
External links
Official website of Sonya's Story
Burgess, Sally (30 July 2010). "Sally's story: from singing actress to Chekhovian opera director". The Independent
Operas
2010 operas
Operas based on plays
Operas set in Russia
Operas based on works by Anton Chekhov |
Sutivanac is a village in Istria, Croatia.
Demographics
According to the 2021 census, its population was 333, making it the largest village of Barban municipality.
References
Populated places in Istria County |
Tư Nghĩa () is a rural district (huyện) of Quảng Ngãi province in the South Central Coast region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 178,132. The district covers an area of 227 km². The district capital lies at La Hà.
References
Districts of Quảng Ngãi province |
The 2010 Swedish speedway season was the 2010 season of motorcycle speedway in Sweden.
Individual
Individual Championship
The 2010 Swedish Individual Championship final was held at the G&B Arena in Målilla, Kalmar County. The title was won by the defending champion Andreas Jonsson, who beat Freddie Lindgren, Magnus Zetterström and Thomas H. Jonasson in the final heat. The top three riders all rode in the 2010 Speedway Grand Prix.
Qualifying round
Malmö (11 August 2010)
Final
Målilla (18 September 2010)
U21 Championship
The Under-21 Championship was held one day before the senior Final and was won by Dennis Andersson. Andersson beat Linus Eklöf, Linus Sundström and Simon Gustafsson in the final heat. Andersson also won the 2010 Individual Speedway Junior European Championship.
Qualifying round
Nyköping (21 August 2010)
Final
Målilla (17 September 2010)
Team
Team Championship
Vetlanda won the Elitserien.
Hammarby won the Allsvenskan (second tier league).
Play offs
References
Speedway competitions in Sweden
Speedway leagues
Professional sports leagues in Sweden
Swedish
speedway
Seasons in Swedish speedway |
This is a list of Italian television related events from 1997.
Events
The RAI-Mediaset duopoly shows the first signs of crisis ; several shows by the two estates are suspended or change their host for low ratings, while the new media, as Internet and the satellite television, spread also in Italy.
July 31. The Maccanico law, ruling the telecommunications, is approved by Italian Parliament. A single subject is forbidden to own more than 20% of national networks and 30% of the economic resources; RAI 3 must become a service channel, publicity free; AGCOM (Autorità per le garanzie nelle comunicazioni) is instituted. The law should terminate the RAI-Mediaset duopoly, but its concrete application is postponed to 2003 (actually, it will remain on paper).
RAI
February 22: Jalisse, an almost unknown duo, with the song Fiumi di parole, wins the 1997 Sanremo music festival, hosted by Mike Bongiorno (for the eleventh and last time) and Piero Chiambretti. Paola e Chiara, with Amici come prima, win among the new proposals.
March 16: Mara Venier announces live, and crying out, to leave RAI for Mediaset; her program, Domenica in, is RAI’s flagship show, also if many critics consider it a typical example of trash TV. For Venier, as for many other RAI defectors, the experience in Mediaset will be disappointing.
June 23: RAI 3 airs the first episode of Friends.
September 29: the first RAI satellite channel, RAISAT 2, aimed to the youngest ones, begins broadcasting. Soon, the entertainment channel RAISAT 1 (October 27) and the educational RAISAT 3 (October 13) and Uninettuno University TV (November 10) follow. All the four channels are free.
October 9: Dario Fo, in a car with the actress Ambra Angiolini for an episode of the show Milano-Roma, (see below) learns by some fans to have won the Nobel Prize for literature. The RAI cameras shot the historical moment.
November 3: Enrico Montesano leaves, for low ratings, the hosting of Saturday evening show Fantastico Enrico; Giancarlo Magalli takes his place, with slightly better results. It’s the last edition of Fantastico, the most popular RAI show in the Eighties.
November 15: the match Italy-Russia, for 1998 FIFA World Cup qualification, it’s the 1997 most seen TV program, with 16.700.000 viewers.
Private channels
March 4: on TMC, the dating show Strettamente personale shows, for the first time in Italy, a young gay (the Croatian Elvis Busic) looking for a stable relationship with another man. The program arouses many controversies by the Catholics.
April 14: TMC rips off from RAI part of the TV rights on Serie A and particularly the one to the synthesis of a match, traditionally broadcast the Sunday evening. RAI serves the exclusive on the match of the National team, for fifty billion liras.
September 1. MTV Italia begins to broadcast, with the Nirvana concert MTV unplugged in New York, recorded 4 years before; the new channel is guest of Rete A frequencies.
September 20, the newborn MTV Italia organizes and airs a U2 concert form Reggio Emilia with the presence of several emerging Italian bands.
November 27: Mike Bongiorno celebrates his fifty years of career (he debuted on radio in 1947) and enters in the Guinness World records as the TV presenter been active for the longest time, with 7500 presences in video.
Pay TV
February. Stream TV, the second pay digital platform in Italy, owned by STET, begins to broadcast by cable.
Spring The French group Canal Plus gets the 90% of Tele+, ousting Leo Kirch. The Italian versions of Bloomberg and Hallmark are added to Tele+ Satellite.
September 1. General reorder of the Tele+ offer. The air channels Tele+ 1 and Tele+2 become Tele+bianco (cinema) and Tele+nero (sport). The platform Tele+satellite becomes D+ and is enriched by new channels: Tele+Calcio, (airing live the Serie A matches), Telepiù 16/9, (the first Italian TV in the broader format), Marcopolo (travels), Eurosport (Italian version) and INN (all news).
November 15 The Italian version of Canal Jimmy make its debut on D+..
Awards
14. Telegatto award, for the season 1996-1997.
Show of the year: Anima mia.
Man and woman of the year: Paolo Bonolis and Maria De Filippi.
Best TV movie: Caro maestro 2.
Best serial: Dio vede e provvede (for Italy) and ER (for abroad).
Best soap opera: The bold and the beautiful.
Best quiz: Tira & molla.
Best variety: Paperissima.
Best talk show: Maurizio Costanzo show.
Best satirical show: Striscia la notizia.
Best Music show: Sanremo music festival 1997
Best magazine: Target.
Best sport magazine: Quelli che... il calcio.
Best show for children: Solletico.
Lifetime achievement awards: Eli Wallach and Enzo Biagi.
Special awards: Mi manda Lubrano (for the service TV), Porta a porta, Mrs. Gabriella Pontone (reader of Sorrisi e Canzoni) and Johnny Deep (for the cinema in TV).
Debuts
RAI
Serials
Linda e il brigadiere (Linda and the brigadier) – detective comedy, by Gianfrancesco Lazotti and Alberto Simone; 3 seasons. Nino Manfredi plays a retired police brigadier who constantly interferes with the work and the private life of his daughter (Claudia Koll), she too police officer; in the third seasons, the Koll's character dies and her place in the life of the brigadier is taken by a young colored girl (Caterina Deregibus), his helper in a detective agency.
Un prete tra noi (A priest among us) by Giorgio Capitani and Lodovico Gasparini, with Massimo Dapporto, as the prison chaplain Don Marco, and Giovannia Ralli; 2 seasons.
Variety
Milano Roma – reality show; 5 seasons (one on Italia 1) and a restart in 2016. The program follows the travel by car of a couple of VIP from Milan to Rome.
Furore, music game with VIP as contenders, Italian version of the French La fureur, hosted by Alessandro Greco; 7 seasons more a reprisal for the twenty years of the show..
Per tutta la vita? – game show reserved to couples about to get married, Italian version of the French Pour la vie, hosted by Fabrizio Frizzi; 6 seasons more a reprisal in 2012.
News
A sua immagine (in his image) – religious program aimed to the Catholics, hosted by Lorena Bianchetti and others; again on air.
Pinocchio – program of journalistic insight hosted by Gad Lerner; 2 seasons.
Pole position – magazine about Formula One; 21 seasons.
TG2 motori – column about motors, again on air.
Educational
La grande storia (again on air) and La storia siamo noi (hosted by Giovanni Minoli, on air till 2013) – cycles of historic documentaries, focused on the Twentieth Century.
Magazzini Einstein – documentaries about art and culture; on air till 2013.
Speciale Superquark (spin-off of Superquark, hosted by Piero Angela, on air till 2015) and Passaggio a Nord-ovest (North-West passage, hosted by his son Alberto Angela, again on air) – programs of popular science, history and travels.
For children
Lupo Alberto – cartoon from the comic strip by Silver, the protagonist is voiced by Francesco Salvi ; 2 seasons.
Glu-glu – block-programming of cartoons on RAI SAT 2, one of the first RAI show realized for the satellite; 2 seasons.
Mediaset
Serials
Doctor Giorgia – medical drama with Barbara D’Urso; 3 seasons (the third one realized after a 20 years break-up).
Due per tre (Two parents for three sons) – sitcom with Johnny Dorelli and Loretta Goggi; 3 seasons.
Variety
Sarabanda – musical quiz, inspired by Name that tune and hosted by Enrico Papi and Teo Mammuccari; 10 seasons (Italian record for a musical show, with 1777 episodes, specials included). The show gets a wide public success, so much so that its timetable is often changed to not harm the other Mediaset programs. It arouses yet several controversies about the regularity of the contest.
Ciro il figlio di target (Ciro, the Target's son) – satirical variety ideated by Gregorio Paolini, hosted by Gaia De Laurentis and Enrico Bertolino, with various comic actors, among which Luciana Litizzetto stands out; 5 seasons (with slightly different titles).
News and educational
Le iene (The hyenas) – infotainment show, Italian version of the Argentinian Caiga quien caiga, with various hosts, generally female (Simona Ventura, Alessia Marcuzzi, Ilary Blasy, Nadia Toffa); again on air. It's a mix of reportages and interviews, realized, often in a very provocative tone, by actors dressed as the Reservoir dogs’ characters. The program, despites the charges of sensationalism, is now again one of the most successful of the Italian television ad has generated several special editions and spin-off.
La macchina del tempo (Time machine) – show of popular science, hosted by Alessandro Cecchi Paone, considered the Mediaset answer to the Piero Angela’s programs in RAI ; 9 seasons and a reprisal.
Fuego – magazine aimed to the young ones, hosted by Alessia Marcuzzi and others; 3 seasons.
Angeli (Angels) – magazine about spirituality and ESP experiences, hosted by Marco Liorni; 3 seasons and a reprisal.
Other channels
Hitslist Italia (till 2016) and MTV select (till 2005): musical shows on MTV Italia.
Television shows
Rai
Drama
Vajont 9 ottobre 1963, orazione civile (Vajont 9 october 1963, civil oraction) – monologue by Marco Paolini (author and interpreted). The show is broadcast live on RAI 2 for the 34th anniversary of the Vajont disaster, in a theatre build on the dam’s place, and gets 3 million and a half of viewers.
David by Robert Markowitz, with Nathaniel Parker in the title role and Solomon by Roger Young, with Ben Cross in the title role; seventh and eighth chapter of the LUX Vide Bible project.
La piovra 8 – Lo scandalo (The scandal) by Giacomo Battiato, with Raoul Bova and Primo Reggiani; 2 episodes. Prequel of La piovra franchise, it describes the beginning of the Tano Cariddi’s criminal career in the Sicily of the Fifties.
Nessuno escluso (Nobody excluded) – by Massimo Spano, with Ennio Fantastichini and Giancarlo Giannini; a Mafia business consultant redeems himself working for DIA.
Teo – by Cinzia Th Torrini, with Ludgero Fortes Dos Santos –a young Somali saves an Italian girl abused by the stepfather.
Un giorno fortunato (A lucky day) – by Massimo Martelli, with Fabio Fazio, in his only role as an actor, and Claudio Bisio; tv-movie about the daily work of a public service psychologist.
Il padre di mia figlia (The father of my daughter) – by Livia Giampalmo, with Davide Bigazzi and Sabrina Ferilli; comedy about the consequences of the assisted reproduction.
Biopics
Padre Pio da Petralcina, by Alberto Rondalli, with Antonio Buil Pejo in the title role.
Don Milani, il priore di Barbiana (The Barbiana prior) – by Andrea and Antonio Frazzi, biopic with Sergio Castellitto (in the title role) and Ilaria Occhini.
La casa bruciata (The burn-out house) – by Massimo Spano, with Giulio Scarpati; inspired by the true story of Ezechiele Ramin.
Miniseries
Mamma per caso (The accidental mum) – by Sergio Martino; romantic comedy in 4 episodes with Raffaella Carrà and Maurizio Crozza. A career anchorwoman, always a single, is forced to take care of her three nephews.
Il conto Montecristo (The Montecristo account) – by Ugo Gregoretti, with Corso Salani, Imma Piro and Alessio Boni; parody of Alexandre Dumas’ The count of Montecristo, transferred in the time of Mani pulite.
Racket – by Luigi Perelli, with Michele Placido. A restaurant owner, former policeman, fights against the Sacra Corona Unita racket.
Noi siamo angeli – by Ruggero Deodato, with Bud Spencer, Philip Michael Thomas and Kabir Bedi; in Costa Rica, two fake friars (actually, escaped inmates) become protectors of the weak and oppressed.
Serials
L’avvocato delle donne (The women’s lawyer) – legal drama with Mariangela Melato, from the book of the feminist lawyer Tina Lagostena Bassi.
In nome della famiglia (In name of the family) – by Vincenzo Verdecchi, with Ivo Garrani and Elisabetta Cavallotti; soap-opera about the vicissitudes of the Carraras, a family of publishers. It lasts just a season; later, it has a follow-up (Ricominciare), the same unsuccessful.
Disokkupati (Unemployed) – demented sit-com directed and interpreted by Pier Francesco Loche, with Paolo Ferrari and Sabina Impacciatore; it tells the uneasy cohabitation between an aged retiree and his lodgers, three young unemployed.
Cartoons
Pimpa, le nuove avventure (The new adventures of Pimpa) – directed by Enzo D’Alò.
Princess Sissi by Bruno Bianchi, coproduced with France 3; fairy-tale biography of Empress Elisabeth of Austria, fully unrelated to the historical reality.
Variety
Anima mia – hosted by Fabio Fazio and Claudio Baglioni, it's the public and critic success of the year. The show recalls, with tenderness and irony, the pop culture of the Seventies, also in its most kitsch sides; many forgotten stars of the decades are guest in studio (as I cugini di campagna, whose tune gives the name to the program).
Macao – by Gianni Boncompagni, hosted by Alba Parietti and, later, by the “virtual showman” Mr. P. The show, too experimental and nonsense for the audience, is suspended for low ratings; however, it reveals young comic actresses, as Sabina Impacciatore and Paola Cortellesi.
Pippo Chennedy Show – satirical variety hosted by Serena Dandini, with Corrado and Sabina Guzzanti and Neri Marcorè. The actors play now famous personalities of politics and entertainment (as Silvio Berlusconi, impersonated by Sabina Guzzanti), now imaginary characters, inspired by social phomenons (as the narcissistic TV anchorman Pippo Chennedy, impersonated by Corrado Guzzanti).
Colorado – game show of the early evening, hosted by Alessandro Greco (substituted by Carlo Conti for low ratings).
Va ora in onda (And now on air) – comic variety with Carlo Conti and Giorgio Panariello.
News and educational
Mani pulite – cycle of four documentaries, care of Pino Corrias and others.
The Kremlin’s archives – care of Arrigo Levi.
Mediaset
Drama and comedy
Fatima – by Fabrizio Costa, with Joaquim de Almeida and Caterina Furlado, romanced story of the Marian apparitions in Fatima.
Da cosa nasce cosa (One thing lead to another) – by Andrea Manni, with Enzo Iachetti. An unemployed actor improvises butler for a community of neurotic women.
Ladri si nasce (You are born a thief) – by Pier Francesco Pingitore, with Pippo Franco, Serena Grandi and Leo Gullotta; eleven chained sketches, in each of which a bribe is paid.
Non chiamatemi papà (Don’t call me dad) – by Ninì Salerno, with Jerry Calà and Umberto Smaila; the family life of a jazz musician is upset by his guest, a friend just separated from his wife.
Fantaghirò 5, with Alessandra Martines and Remo Girone as antagonist, last chapter of the Fantaghirò franchise; in 2 parts. and La principessa e il povero (The princess and the poor), similar fantasy romance in international coproduction, with Anna Falchi, Lorenzo Crespi and Max von Sydow., both directed by Lamberto Bava,
Miniseries
L’avvocato Porta – by Franco Giraldi, with Gigi Proietti and Ornella Muti; 4 episodes. A washed-up lawyer regains his professional skills and his wife’s love, defending an innocent. The series has two sequels in 2000, with Maria Grazia Cucinotta replacing Muti.
Desert of fire – by Enzo G. Castellari, with Anthony Delon, Giuliano Gemma and Mandala Tayde. A young French orphan, adopted and grown by a Tuaregh tribe, looks of his family
The Odissey – by Andrei Konchalovsky, with Armand Assante, Greta Scacchi and Isabella Rossellini; great international production from the Homer’s’ poem.
Dove comincia il sole (Where the sun begins) – by Rodolfo Roberti, with Barbara De Rossi and Christian Kohlund; the tormented love story between two persons, both already happily married.
Serials
Io e la mamma (Me and Mummy), sit com with the presenter Jerry Scotti, (debuting as an actor) as a mature single, and Delia Scala (in her last role) as his mother.
Tutti gli uomini sono uguali (All the males are the same), sit-com with Enzo Decaro and Randi Ingermann, from the Spanish movie Todos los hombres sois iguales; about an unusual community, composed by three divorced men living together and a charming maid.
I misteri di cascina Vianello (Vianello farm mysteries) – second spin-off of Casa Vianello, now in the mood of the detective comedy. The couple Raimondo Vianello and Sandra Mondaini is sided by a gallant carbineers’ officer (Andrea Roncato).
AleX – by Giancarlo Soldi, ideated by Alfredo Castelli, with Romina Mondello; a girl, university student, investigates the great historical mysteries.
Simba è nato un re (Simba, a king is born) – cartoons, imitating The lion king, produced by Mondo Cartoon.
Variety
6 del mestiere? (Are you of the trade?)– game show with Claudio Lippi and Luana Ravegnini, Italian version of Pwy di Pwy?; two contenders have to guess the work of six workers present in the studio.
Dillo a Wally (Tell Wally it) – comic variety with Gene Gnocchi, parody of the trashing talk show.
Il gatto e la volpe (The cat and the fox) – game show hosted by Paolo Bonolis.
Volevo salutare (I wanted to say hello) – musical show with Linus and Albertino, the first in Italy to be aired simultaneously on TV (Italia 1) and on radio (Radio Deejay).
In the fall, no less than four Mediaset variety are suspended for low ratings:
100 milioni più IVA (100 milions and IVA) – musical quiz hosted by Iva Zanicchi, suspended after the first number and then reprised.
Ciao Mara – talk show hosted by Mara Venier.
Tiramisù – game show hosted by Pippo Baudo.
Una volta al mese (Once by month) – monthly variety hosted by Pippo Baudo; the program is talked about above all for the lapses in taste committed by Baudo, usually a very professional presenter.
Other channels
A casa loro (Odeon and Telecampione) – financial magazine.
Televiscion (Telenorba) – sit-com by Gerardo Nunziante with Emilio Soflrizzi; a parody of the trash TV already then in vogue on the major Italian televisions.through a fictional quiz reserved to the married couples and aired by a Bari television.
Ending this year
Caro maestro
Ciack
Luna Park
Non dimenticate lo spazzolino da denti
Più sani e più belli
Se io fossi... Sherlock Holmes
Sotto a chi tocca
Telemenù
Ultimo minuto
Death
January 1: Franco Volpi, actor (75)
January 3: Enzo Avallone, dancer (41)
May 19: Paolo Panelli, comic actor (71)
November 11: Ave Ninchi, actress (82)
Dicember 4: Alberto Manzi, teacher, writer and host of educational TV programs (73)
References
1997 in Italian television |
Sergey Nikolayevich Pilipovich (; born January 6, 1976, in Motol) is a Belarusian agronomist. Chairman of the Motal Selsoviet. Graduated Agronomy Department at the Belarusian State Agricultural Academy in Gorki.
References
External links
Изюминка Полесья – Мотольский сельсовет
Living people
People from Motal
Belarusian agronomists
1976 births |
Arauzo de Salce is a municipality and town located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2005 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 93 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
The 1968 Aegean Sea earthquake was a 7.0 earthquake that occurred in the early morning hours of February 20th, 1968 local time about away from Myrina, Greece. This earthquake occurred between mainland Greece and Turkey, meaning both countries were impacted. 20 people died, and 39 people were injured to various degrees. It was the deadliest Greek earthquake since the 1956 Amorgos earthquake.
Tectonic setting
In the central Aegean Sea, the Aegean Sea Plate has a strike-slip boundary with the Anatolian Plate which accommodates deformation from seismic stresses. A large strike slip fault, the North Anatolian Fault in Turkey, developed to more easily allow faulting in the area. A large strand of the North Anatolian Fault branches southwest and traces near the north coast of the Gulf of Edremit. This segment of the fault begins northeast of the gulf, at Lake Manyas. The segment enters the Aegean Sea near the town of Babakale, Ayvacık.
Earthquake
The 7.0 earthquake struck nearest to the island of Lemnos, Greece in the middle of the night of February 20th. The source parameters of the earthquake indicate right-lateral strike slip faulting along the North Anatolian fault or a similar right lateral extension at the shallow depth of . The earthquake had faulting dimensions of by with an average slip of . Surface rupturing was reported on Agios Efstratios island. There were many recorded aftershocks (over 2800), with the largest being 5.3–5.6. The earthquake was reportedly felt from as far away as Ankara, Turkey, and Sofia, Bulgaria. A 6.5 earthquake in 1967 put stress on the fault that ruptured during this event, and the rupture from this earthquake put strain on two faults: one that ruptured in a 7.2 earthquake in 1981, and another fault that hosted a 6.9 event in 1982. This earthquake also released stress on nearby faults. Both the fault that ruptured in a 6.4 event in late December 1981 and one that ruptured in a 6.9 event in 1983 had reduced strain after this earthquake struck.
Tsunami
Despite being a strike slip event, a type of faulting that does not typically favor tsunamigenesis, a tsunami wave was recorded at the port of Myrina. The cause may have been slumping on western St. Eustratios island.
Damage
The earthquake killed 20 people, severely injured a further 18, while 21 had light injuries. 175 houses collapsed in the earthquake, while another 397 were damaged so severely they could not be repaired. 1951-2348 buildings had some structural damage such as cracks. Some homes on Lemnos were also damaged by the shock. The shaking was compounded with poor building quality and local conditions allowing for shaking amplification. 3600 people became homeless as a result of this earthquake, and a total of 7618 people were affected. As the island of Agios Efstratios is small and rather limited in resources, the island's authorities were unable to provide all of the relief from the disaster effects that were needed in the immediate aftermath of the earthquake. Monetary damage was 600 thousand 1968 dollars, and when adjusted for inflation in 2000, damage from this earthquake amount to 4.674 million dollars.
See Also
List of earthquakes in 1968
List of earthquakes in Greece
List of earthquakes in Turkey
Notes
References
Sources
Earthquakes in Greece
1968 earthquakes
1968 in Greece
1968 disasters in Greece |
Lars Tangvik (23 May 1902 – 28 July 1991) was a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party.
He was born in Stadsbygd.
He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Sør-Trøndelag in 1965, but was not re-elected in 1969. He had previously served in the position of deputy representative during the terms 1954–1957 (for Nord-Trøndelag) and 1958–1961.
Tangvik was a member of the municipality councils in Hegra, Stjørdal and Trondheim between 1945 and 1965.
References
1902 births
1991 deaths
Liberal Party (Norway) politicians
Members of the Storting
20th-century Norwegian politicians |
Sielecki Castle is a castle in the city of Sosnowiec in southern Poland, located in the Sielc district. The castle is located on the left bank of the Czarna Przemsza River. It was built in the 17th century and it is the oldest building in the city.
Architecture
Originally a defensive fortification, expanded in 1620 into a four-wing complex with corner towers, perhaps using earlier buildings. The castle was built of broken limestone and brick. Storey building with basement. After the fire in 1824, the castle was rebuilt in 1832, but the east wing with the entrance gate was demolished and the moats were filled. Despite these changes, the original defensive character is evidenced by the shape of the block, four corner towers and projections on the extension of the side wings. It is currently a three-winged building with an open courtyard.
History
The history of building the castle is not fully known. Until recently, it was believed that it was established in 1620, but thanks to archaeological research and queries in archives, it turned out that its origins date back to perhaps the 15th century. In 1620, Sebastian Minor of the Półkozic coat of arms completed the construction of a new castle on a quadrangle plan with a courtyard in the middle. This was commemorated with a plaque preserved until today in the chapel. The appearance of the castle from this period is presented in the inventories from 1665 and 1719. After Minory, the owners of Sielec were Modrzejewscy and Męgoborski. During the reign of King Stanisław August Poniatowski, the castle belonged to Colonel Michał Żuliński, and then to the chamberlain of the royal court of Jordan Stojewski, who in 1802 sold the castle to Prussian General Christian Ludwig Schimmelpfennig von der Oye. After his death in 1812, the widow in 1814 sold the castle to the prince of Pszczyna, Ludwik Anhalt-Coethen von Pless [1]. In 1824, the castle burned down, which meant that the prince commissioned its reconstruction based on plans prepared by Józef Heintz, on the basis of which the east wing was demolished and the moats were filled [5]. In 1856, the building was bought by metallurgy entrepreneur Andreas von Renard from Strzelce Opolskie and in the hands of this family and the company associated with it, the castle remained until the Second World War as an office building. In the past, it was not only the seat of nobles, but also of Gwarectwa count. Renard and then Mining Museum and Contemporary Glass Museum.
In 1994 the city of Sosnowiec took over the destroyed castle. Currently, the castle houses the "Sosnowiec Art Center - Sielecki Castle". This local government institution co-creates the cultural life of the city by organizing exhibitions, concerts and various culture-forming meetings.
Calendar
1361 - Abraham from Goszyce with his son Marek sold the property in Sielec to the Sandomierz starost Otton from Pilcza, coat of arms Topór
1384 - Otton from Pilcza, coat of arms Topór dies
1403 - First information about a defensive object in Sielec
1430–1434 - a neighborly conflict between Bodzanta from Sielce of the Szeliga coat of arms and Mikołaj Siestrzeniec of the Kornic coat of arms, the famous adventurous burgrave of Będzin
1430 - mention of the existence of a fortalice
1465 - the royal courtier Jakub Duch from Dębno becomes the owner of the fortalice
1487 - idyllic goods as part of regaining the princesses were bought from Gregory of Morawica and became the property of King Kazimierz Jagiellończyk
1567 - Walenty Minor becomes the owner of Sielec
1620 - Sebastian Minor from Przybysławice, the coat of arms of Półkozic, heir to Sielec and Obichów, completes the construction of four stone wings at the castle with corner towers
The end of the 18th century - the castle belongs to Colonel Michał Żulinski, and then to the chamberlain of the court of the Polish king Jordan Stojewski
1824 - castle fire
1832 - reconstruction of the castle after a fire
1856 - Count Andrzej Renard and the castle were bought together with the castle by son Andrzej. Reconstruction of the castle: destruction of the eastern wing, backfilling of moats.
1884 - the castle houses the headquarters of the Renard family mining company
1977 - the castle became the property of the "Vitropol" Economic Glass Works and was designated as the seat of the Museum and the Central Polish Glass Pattern Shop
1977 - 1980 general renovation of the castle
1981 - 1995 - seat of the Contemporary Glass Museum
1994 - the destroyed castle took over the city, renovation began
1999–2002 - renovation of the castle and giving it its current appearance
2002 - the Sosnowiec Art Center-Sielecki Castle begins its activity in the castle
External links
3d model of Sielecki Castle
References
Castles in Silesian Voivodeship
Buildings and structures in Sosnowiec
Cultural heritage monuments in Sosnowiec |
Tricorythopsis is a genus of little stout crawler mayflies in the family Leptohyphidae. There are more than 20 described species in Tricorythopsis.
Species
These 21 species belong to the genus Tricorythopsis:
Tricorythopsis acara Belmont, Salles & Hamada, 2011
Tricorythopsis araponga Dias & Salles, 2005
Tricorythopsis ariagas
Tricorythopsis artigas Traver, 1958
Tricorythopsis bahiensis Dias, Salles & Ferreira, 2008
Tricorythopsis baptistai Dias & Salles, 2005
Tricorythopsis chiriguano Molineri, 2001
Tricorythopsis faeculopsis Belmont, Salles & Hamada, 2011
Tricorythopsis gibbus (Allen, 1967)
Tricorythopsis intercalatus Belmont, Salles & Hamada, 2011
Tricorythopsis minimus (Allen, 1973)
Tricorythopsis pseudogibbus Dias & Salles, 2005
Tricorythopsis rondoniensis (Dias, Cruz & Ferreira, 2009)
Tricorythopsis sigillatus Molineri, 1999
Tricorythopsis spongicola Lima, Salles & Pinheiro, 2011
Tricorythopsis ticuna Molineri & Zuniga, 2006
Tricorythopsis undulatus (Allen, 1967)
Tricorythopsis volsellus Molineri, 1999
Tricorythopsis yacutinga Molineri, 2001
Tricorythopsis yucupe Dias, Salles & Ferreira, 2008
Tricorythopsis yusuaia
References
Further reading
Mayflies
Articles created by Qbugbot |
Steve Dunn may refer to:
Steve Dunn (1990s first baseman) (born 1970), Major League Baseball player
Steve Dunn (1880s first baseman) (1858–1933), Major League Baseball player
Steve Dunn (referee) (born 1957), English football referee
Steve Dunn (civil servant), Director General of the Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency, 2004–2006
Stephen Dunne (actor) (1918–1977), American actor sometimes credited as Steve Dunn
See also
Steven Dunn or Steve Doll (1960–2009), American professional wrestler
Stephen Dunn (disambiguation)
Stephen Dunne (disambiguation) |
Covertà is the first official EP by American heavy metal band Adrenaline Mob. It was released on March 12, 2013, in North America by Elm City Music. As the title suggests, the EP consists entirely of cover songs. It is the first Adrenaline Mob release to feature bassist John Moyer, and the last with drummer Mike Portnoy.
Track listing
Charts
Personnel
Russell Allen - vocals
Mike Orlando - guitars (bass on track 8 "The Mob Rules")
John Moyer - bass (except track 8)
Mike Portnoy - drums
References
Adrenaline Mob albums
2013 EPs
Covers EPs |
Subsets and Splits
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