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AIR National was an Indian radio station. It was run by All India Radio. Programming is mainly in Hindi and English languages. These programmes emphasize entertainment, music and news. The channel is designed to represent India's cultural mosaic and ethos.
The programmes of National Channel are broadcast by a one megawatt transmitter from Nagpur,Kolkata, Delhi, Bangalore, and Aligarh.
References
All India Radio |
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/* $OpenBSD: version.h,v 1.4 2024/03/02 15:55:58 tobhe Exp $ */
#define IKED_VERSION "7.4"
``` |
The term negative return is used in business or finance to describe a loss, i.e., a negative return on investment. By extension the term is also used for a project that is not worthwhile, even in a non-economic sense.
Profit |
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 2nd Plymouth district in the United States is one of 160 legislative districts included in the lower house of the Massachusetts General Court. It covers part of Plymouth County. Republican Susan Williams Gifford of Wareham has represented the district since 2003.
Towns represented
The district includes the following localities:
Carver
part of Middleborough
Wareham
The current district geographic boundary overlaps with that of the Massachusetts Senate's 1st Plymouth and Bristol district.
Former locales
The district previously covered:
Hingham, circa 1872
Hull, circa 1872
Representatives
Eliphalet L. Cushing, circa 1858
Demerick Marble, circa 1859
Franklin W. Hatch, circa 1888
Walter Haynes, circa 1920
Nathaniel Tilden, circa 1951
William J. Flynn, Jr., circa 1975
Charles Decas
Ruth Provost
Susan Williams Gifford, 2003-current
See also
List of Massachusetts House of Representatives elections
Other Plymouth County districts of the Massachusetts House of Representatives: 1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th
List of Massachusetts General Courts
List of former districts of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
Images
Portraits of legislators
References
External links
Ballotpedia
(State House district information based on U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey).
League of Women Voters Plymouth Area
House
Government of Plymouth County, Massachusetts |
Dejan Judež (born 2 August 1990 in Zagorje ob Savi) is a Slovenian ski jumper.
Judež became a national champion of Slovenia in 2011. On 18 March 2011 he made his first appearance in World Cup and also won his first points for 25th place.
References
External links
Slovenian male ski jumpers
Living people
1990 births
People from Zagorje ob Savi
21st-century Slovenian people |
Tomás Roseingrave (4 July 1918 – 21 August 1993) was an Irish social scientist.
Biography
Roseingrave was born at Gort, County Galway, to Thomas Roseingrave (an engineer) and Nora McMahon, in 1918. He was educated at the O'Brien Institute, Dublin, between 1928 and 1934, later working for the Dublin Port and Milling Company, and later still for Ceimici Teoranta, in 1965.
He earned a Master's Degree in social science at University College Dublin, in the early 1960s, where he would later become a senior research fellow. In 1967 he became director of manpower studies in the Department of Labour. It was in this capacity that he published a number of influential reports on Irish regional development, such as Manpower in an industrial growth centre: a survey in Waterford.
A member of Muintir na Tíre, he was in 1968 made its second national director. His reports while at Munintir na Tire were well received at government level and played a significant part in the examination of the problems current in rural Ireland in the 1970s.
Ireland joined the EEC in 1973, and from then till his death, Roseingrave was a member of the EEC's Economic and Social Committee, acting as a rapporteur for many of its opinions, particularly in new areas pertaining to community and technology. His work was recognised by an award of the gold medal of the Foundation for European Merit in 1982. Five years later, he was distinguished when made a Grand Officer of the Institute for Diplomatic Relations. Through Home Truth, an RTÉ programme that ran from 1966 to 1968, and his weekly broadcasting work on RTÉ radio, he became associated in the public mind as the public face of Irish social sciences.
A keen Irish language enthusiast and a member of the Gaelic League, Roseingrave was a member of the Gaelic Athletic Association, the RTÉ review committee and a member of the Dublin Institute of Adult Education.
Personal life
On 21 August 1945, Roseingrave married Ellen Goulding, with whom he had two sons and four daughters. They lived in Dundrum, Dublin. A son, Tom, died suddenly in November 2006. A daughter, Siobhan Roseingrave, stood during the 2011 Irish general election as the lone Independent female candidate in the constituency of Wexford.
Roseingrave died in St. Vincent's Hospital, Dublin, in August 1993, after living much of his life in the city.
Bibliography
Manpower in an industrial growth centre:a survey in Waterford, The Stationery Office, Dublin, 1969.
Community development and the goals of development in Ireland, 1974.
Some aspects of community development as a method of social work, 1975.
Social research as a basis for social planning, 1975.
References
Roseingrave, Tomás, p. 612, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 41 - Norbury - Osborn, Oxford, 2004.
External links
Tomas Roseingrave, President of the Economic and Social Committee from 1980 to 1982- Picture on CVCE website
https://web.archive.org/web/20111005033101/http://www.rip.ie/death_notices_detail.asp?NoticeID=7650
Irish social scientists
Irish writers
People from Gort
Alumni of University College Dublin
1993 deaths
1918 births
20th-century Irish scientists
Scientists from County Galway |
Honz is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Herbert Honz (born 1942), German cyclist
Karl Honz (born 1951), West German sprinter
German-language surnames |
Scarborough Renaissance Festival, more commonly known as Scarborough Faire, is a renaissance fair in Waxahachie, Texas.
Scarborough Faire's first run was in 1981. The festival is open Saturdays and Sundays from the first weekend in April until Memorial Day Monday. The festival is historically based in the 16th century, under the reign of King Henry VIII. The festival is in size, taking place on a site. There are 21 stages with more than 200 performances. Three jousting shows take place each day. There are about 150 cast members that make up the characters at Scarborough Renaissance Festival. Almost all of the cast members are volunteers.
The Scarborough Renaissance Festival also features 200 shops selling goods such as candles, soaps, jewelry, children's toys and even musical instruments. Many of the craftsmen selling their goods also provide demonstrations on how the items are made. The festival also features the Crown Kitchens - a selection of food stalls serving turkey legs (the festival serves over 20 tons of this signature food item per year), food skewers, sandwiches, ice cream and other items.
Special programs
Special programs at Scarborough include "Friends of the Faire", an exclusive festival membership with benefits, Student Days, which are special days open only to school groups for educational purposes, and Wedding Packages, which you may purchase to have your own Renaissance-themed wedding in the festival's special Wedding Garden.
Gallery
See also
Renaissance fair
List of Renaissance fairs
Historical reenactment
Jousting
Society for Creative Anachronism
List of open air and living history museums in the United States
Notes
External links
SRFestival.com Scarborough Renaissance Festival homepage
Recurring events established in 1981
Renaissance fairs
Tourist attractions in Ellis County, Texas
1981 establishments in Texas
Waxahachie, Texas |
The Leeuwin Current is a warm ocean current which flows southwards near the western coast of Australia. It rounds Cape Leeuwin to enter the waters south of Australia where its influence extends as far as Tasmania.
Discovery
The existence of the current was first suggested by William Saville-Kent in 1897. Saville-Kent noted the presence of warm tropical water offshore in the Houtman Abrolhos, making the water there in winter much warmer than inshore at the adjacent coast. The existence of the current was confirmed over the years, but not characterised and named until Cresswell and Golding did so in the 1980s.
Track
The West Australian Current and Southern Australian Countercurrent, which are produced by the West Wind Drift on the southern Indian Ocean and at Tasmania, respectively, flow in the opposite direction, producing one of the most interesting oceanic current systems in the world.
The ‘core’ of the Leeuwin Current can generally be detected as a peak in the surface temperature with a strong temperature decrease further offshore. The surface temperature difference across the Current is about 1 °C at North West Cape, 2° to 3° at Fremantle and can be over 4° off Albany in the Great Australian Bight. The current frequently breaks out to sea, forming both clockwise and anti-clockwise eddies.
Physical properties
Its strength varies through the year; it is weakest during the summer months (winter in the northern hemisphere) from November to March when the winds tend to blow strongly from the south west northwards. The greatest flow is in the autumn and winter (March to November) when the opposing winds are weakest. Evaporation from the Leeuwin current during this period contributes greatly to the rainfall in the southwest region of Western Australia.
Typically the Leeuwin Current's speed and its eddies are about 1 knot (50 cm/s), although speeds of 2 knots (1 m/s) are common, and the highest speed ever recorded by a drifting satellite-tracked buoy was . The Leeuwin Current is shallow for a major current system, by global standards, being about 300 m deep, and lies on top of a northwards countercurrent called the Leeuwin Undercurrent.
Because of the Leeuwin Current, the continental shelf waters of Western Australia are warmer in winter and cooler in summer than the corresponding regions off the other continents. The Leeuwin Current is also responsible for the presence of the most southerly true corals at the Abrolhos Islands and the transport of tropical marine species down the west coast and across into the Great Australian Bight.
The Leeuwin Current is influenced by El Niño conditions, characterised by slightly lower sea temperatures along the Western Australian coast and a weaker Leeuwin Current, with corresponding effects upon rainfall patterns.
Comparisons
The Leeuwin Current is very different from the cooler, equatorward flowing currents found along coasts at equivalent latitudes such as the southwest African Coast (the Benguela Current); the long Chile-Peru Coast (the Humboldt Current), where upwelling of cool nutrient-rich waters from below the surface results in some of the most productive fisheries; the California Current, which brings foggy conditions to San Francisco; or the cool Canary current of North Africa.
See also
Ocean current
Oceanic gyres
Physical oceanography
West Australian Current
References
Further reading
(1996) Scientists identify a counter current known as the Capes Current flowing against the Leeuwin Current Western fisheries, Winter 1996, p. 44-45
Greig, M. A. (1986) The "Warreen" sections : temperatures, salinities, densities and steric heights in the Leeuwin Current, Western Australia, 1947-1950 Hobart : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Marine Research Laboratories, Report / CSIRO Marine Laboratories, 0725-4598 ; 175.
Pearce, Alan (2000) "Lumps" in the Leeuwin Current and rock lobster settlement. Western fisheries magazine, Winter 2000, p. 47-49
External links
CSIRO Marine Research
Rottnest Island context
Coastline of Western Australia
Currents of the Indian Ocean |
Doug Fine is an American author, journalist, humorist, and goat herder.
Early life
Fine left the East Coast of the United States for college in 1989. Shortly thereafter, he strapped a pack on his back and began his career as a freelance journalist for such organizations as The Washington Post, Salon, U.S. News & World Report, Sierra, Wired, Outside, National Public Radio, and many other venues. His investigative reporting took him to five continents, often to remote locations like Burma, Rwanda, Laos, Guatemala and Tajikistan. One of his dispatches, on Burmese democracy efforts, was read into the Congressional Record. Fine won numerous awards for his radio reporting from rural Alaska before he moved to New Mexico.
Not Really An Alaskan Mountain Man
In an experiment to see if someone raised in suburban consumer culture could manage a comfortable life in an extremely rural situation, Fine moved to a remote part of Alaska in the winter of 1998. The result was his first book, Not Really An Alaskan Mountain Man, published by Alaska Northwest Books, an imprint of Graphic Arts Center Publishing. As Fine works to hone what he calls his "Indigenous Gene," the book is a document of wilderness adventure as Fine learns how to live in a one-room cabin surrounded by moose and "non-liberals."
Farewell, My Subaru
Fine's second book, Farewell, My Subaru, was published March 24, 2009 by Villard Books, an imprint of Random House. The book documents life at Fine's Funky Butte Ranch. It became a bestseller and is now in its seventh printing, with Chinese and Korean language editions. Fine's challenges in the book come from dealing with his mischievous goats, setting up his Funky Butte Ranch's solar power system, converting his used truck to run on vegetable oil, and growing his ranch's own crops.
Farewell, My Subaru'''s critical acclaim in national and international media includes comparisons to Bill Bryson and Douglas Adams, landing Fine television interviews on CNN and on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno.
Too High to Fail
Fine's third book, Too High to Fail: Cannabis and the New Green Economic Revolution, was published by Gotham Books, an imprint of Penguin Group, on August 2, 2012. Pre-publication reviews included a starred Kirkus Reviews review reading in part, "Fine examines how the American people have borne the massive economic and social expenditures of the failed Drug War, which is "as unconscionably wrong for America as segregation and DDT." A captivating, solidly documented work rendered with wit and humor." Fine began promoting the book with an appearance on the Conan O'Brien show on July 25, 2012. Three weeks after publication, Too High to Fail debuted at #2 on the Denver Post bestseller list.
Personal life
Fine lives on the solar-powered Funky Butte Ranch, where he is a columnist for New Mexico Magazine.
Works
Not Really An Alaskan Mountain Man (2004)
Farewell, My Subaru (2008)
Too High to Fail (2012)
Hemp Bound (2014)
American Hemp Farmer'' (2020)
References
External links
Doug Fine's official website
(@organiccowboy)
American male writers
Living people
Writers from Alaska
Writers from New Mexico
Writers from New York (state)
Stanford University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Cannabis writers |
Three Days and a Child (, translit. Shlosha Yamim Veyeled) is a 1967 Israeli drama film directed by Uri Zohar. It is a modernist adaptation of a short story by the same name by A. B. Yehoshua and draws on the techniques and sensibilities of French New Wave cinema.
Plot
Eli (Oded Kotler) is a young graduate student in math who lives with his girlfriend in Jerusalem. He agrees to babysit Shai (Shai Oshorov), the young son of his beloved former girlfriend, Noa (Judith Solé), and her husband. Eli and Shai spend three days touring Jerusalem, as Eli relives painful memories of his life with Noa on the kibbutz and her subsequent rejection of him. Uncertain if he is the child's father, Eli's feelings towards Shay are ambivalent and for unexplained reasons (perhaps resentment, anger, jealousy, alienation, boredom, or guilt) he plays dangerous games with the boy.
Cast
Oded Kotler - Eli
Shai Oshorov - Shai
Judith Solé - Noa
Misha Asherov - Shai's father
Illi Gorlitzky - Zvi
Germaine Unikovsky - Yael (as Jermain Unikovsky)
Stella Ivni - Neighbor
Baruch David - Neighbor's husband
Shoshana Doar - Yael's mother
Nissan Yatir - Yael's father
Themes
According to one student of Israeli film, Three Days and a Child "ostensibly . . .sets up a dichotomy between [Eli's] alienated life in Jerusalem and the kibbutz idyll. His life in the city is characterized by loneliness, despair, estrangement from his lover and a mise-en-scène that stresses desolation, graves and thorns. In the hero’s consciousness, his kibbutz past is a memory of first love, flowering fields and flowing water. Yet . . . this perception of the protagonist is not so clear cut: life in the kibbutz wasn’t so harmonious, whereas his life in Jerusalem was not so terrible."
Critical reception
Three Days and a Child was a great success, critically and commercially, selling some 308,000 tickets. It was entered into the 1967 Cannes Film Festival where it was nominated for Best Film and Oded Kotler won the award for Best Actor.
References
External links
1967 films
1960s Hebrew-language films
Films about the kibbutz
1967 drama films
Israeli black-and-white films
Films directed by Uri Zohar
Israeli drama films |
This is a list of schools in Jersey. It includes non-fee paying schools, States' fee paying schools and private schools.
Primary schools
Non-fee paying primary schools
Bel Royal School
D'Auvergne School
Grands Vaux School
Grouville School
First Tower School
Janvrin School
La Moye School
Les Landes School
Mont Nicolle School
Plat Douet School
Rouge Bouillon School
St Clement's School
St John's School
St Lawrence School
St Luke's School
St Martin's School
St Mary's School
St Peter's School
St Saviour's School
Samares School
Springfield School
Trinity School
States' fee paying primary schools
Jersey College Preparatory School
Victoria College for Boys Preparatory School
Private primary schools
Beaulieu Convent School
De La Salle College
FCJ Primary School
Helvetia House School
St George's Preparatory School
St Michael's Preparatory School
St Christopher's Preparatory School
Secondary schools
Non-fee paying secondary schools
Grainville School
Haute Valleé School
Hautlieu School (selective intake)
Le Rocquier School
Les Quennevais School
States' fee paying secondary schools
Jersey College for Girls
Victoria College (for boys)
Private secondary schools
Beaulieu Convent School
De La Salle College
See also
Education in Jersey
Highlands College, Jersey
References
Jersey
Schools |
Arna Mer-Khamis (; 20 March 1929 – 15 February 1995) was an Israeli Jewish political and human rights activist. In 1993, she was awarded the Right Livelihood Award for "passionate commitment to the defence and education of the children of Palestine."
Biography
Arna Mer-Khamis was born in 1929, in Rosh Pinna, at the time Mandate Palestine. Mer-Khamis's father was Gideon Mer, a Lithuanian-born Jewish scientist who pioneered the study of malaria during the British Mandate. She attended high school in Tiberias as well as Ben Shemen Youth Village, and was active in the Gordonia youth movement. Mer-Khamis fought with the Palmach and Israel Defense Forces during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
Mer-Khamis married Saliba Khamis, a Christian Arab and a prominent member of Maki. After marrying Khamis, they moved to Nazareth, where Mer-Khamis was arrested and imprisoned for two weeks due to entering the city without a permit. She and Khamis had three sons: Spartacus, Juliano (who adopted the name Juliano Mer-Khamis), and Abir. Juliano, an actor, filmmaker, and peace activist who was murdered in 2011, directed the film Arna's Children about Mer-Khamis's work with the Freedom Theatre.
Political activism
Mer-Khamis was an active member of the Communist party in Israel. During the First Intifada, as part of a project to support the education of children in the West Bank, she established the organisation In the Defence of Children under Occupation/Care and Learning, and later established the Freedom Theatre in Jenin refugee camp.
Awards
In 1993, Mer-Khamis was awarded the Right Livelihood Award. In her acceptance speech, Arna Mer-Khamis expressed her sympathy for Palestinian refugee children and their sufferings.
References
External links
Right Livelihood Award Acceptance Speech
Documentary by Explore: "No Child is Born a Terrorist"
1929 births
1995 deaths
Israeli human rights activists
Women human rights activists
20th-century Israeli Jews
Israeli people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent
Jewish socialists
Maki (historical political party) politicians
Palmach members
People from Rosh Pinna
Israeli female military personnel
Deaths from cancer in Israel
Israeli women activists |
The National Rescue Party () is a political party in Costa Rica.
The party first contested general elections in 1998, but received only 0.7% of the vote and failed to win a seat. In 2002 they received only 0.3% of the vote, whilst José Hine García, the party's presidential candidate, finished last with 0.01%. In the 2006 elections support for the party did not allow it to win a single seat. It did not contest the 2010 elections.
References
Defunct political parties in Costa Rica |
The 2024 United States Senate special election in Nebraska will be held on November 5, 2024, to elect the Class 2 member of the United States Senate from Nebraska, to complete the term of Ben Sasse, who resigned on January 8, 2023, to become the president of the University of Florida. On January 12, 2023, governor Jim Pillen appointed Republican former governor Pete Ricketts to fill the seat for the remainder of the 118th United States Congress. Ricketts has committed to running in the special election and for a full term in 2026. This marks the first time since 1954 and the second time since 1952 where both of Nebraska's U.S. Senate seats were concurrently for election. Primary elections will take place on May 14, 2024.
Appointment
Republican Pete Ricketts, former governor of Nebraska (2015–2023) and nominee for the U.S. Senate in 2006, was appointed on January 12, 2023.
Applied to be appointed
In total, 111 individuals submitted applications for Sasse's seat, and nine candidates were interviewed by Pillen. Applicants included:
Ann Ashford, attorney, widow of former U.S. Representative Brad Ashford, and candidate for in 2020 (Democratic)
Tom Becka, radio personality (Independent)
Larry Bolinger, author and perennial candidate (Republican)
Sid Dinsdale, bank president and candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2014 (Republican)
Greg Ibach, former Under Secretary of Agriculture for Marketing and Regulatory Programs (2017–2021) and former Nebraska Director of Agriculture (2005–2017) (Republican)
Brett Lindstrom, state senator from the 18th district (2015–2023), candidate for in 2012 and for governor of Nebraska in 2022 (Republican)
Bryan Slone, president of the Nebraska Chamber of Commerce and Industry and Republican candidate for governor of Nebraska in 2014 (Independent)
Melanie Standiford, former KNOP-TV news director (Republican)
John Glen Weaver, U.S. Air Force veteran and candidate for in 2022 (Republican)
Republican primary
Candidates
Declared
Pete Ricketts, incumbent U.S. Senator (2023–present)
John Glen Weaver, U.S. Air Force veteran and candidate for in 2022
Publicly expressed interest
Charles Herbster, agribusiness executive and candidate for Governor of Nebraska in 2014 and 2022
Endorsements
Fundraising
Democratic primary
Candidates
Declined
Paul Theobald, Wayne State College professor and nominee for in 2018
General election
Predictions
See also
2024 United States Senate election in Nebraska
References
External links
Official campaign websites
Pete Ricketts (R) for Senate
John Glen Weaver (R) for Senate
Nebraska special
United States Senate special
United States Senate 2024
Nebraska Senate 2024
2024 special
Nebraska 2024 |
Sarah Cox is a British civil servant.
Sarah Cox graduated from Birmingham University with a BCom degree in Commerce in 1988.
Sarah Cox has been Director of Universal Credit Programme Coordination at the Department of Work and Pensions since 2013. From 2010 to 2012 Cox was Director and Head of Business Planning and Programme Management for London 2012 - the London Organising Committee for the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2012 Summer Paralympics. Cox was Director for Strategy, Planning and Performance in the Cabinet Office from 2004 to 2010.
Cox was awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of the University (DUniv) by Birmingham University in 2012 in recognition of her contribution to the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2012 Summer Paralympics.
She is now the Chief Operating Officer of Ofgem.
References
Alumni of the University of Birmingham
Living people
Civil servants in the Department for Work and Pensions
Civil servants in the Cabinet Office
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Clarence Auckland Handyside (April 28, 1854 – December 20, 1931) was an American actor.
Handyside was born in 1854 in Montreal, United Province of Canada, as Clarence Auckland Handyside.
Handyside's acting debut came in Canada when he was 21 years old.
Clarence Handyside, a 1912 cast member at the Elitch Theatre, appearing for the second straight season, and who had long been a favorite in New York, expressed his sentiments about leaving: "There is always a touch of real sadness about this breaking up of the summer stock company. The relationships one forms at this time of the year are closer than those formed by the members of companies on tour in the winter. There the actors are traveling all the time and are stopping in different hotels, so that they seldom see each other except at the theater. Here we are just like one big family. This is particularly true here at Elitch Gardens.
Mrs. Mary Elitch Long looks after her family of summer players with such care – finding them delightful homes, promoting fine friendships, arranging many pleasures for them – that the work here doesn’t seem like work at all, but just one long, pleasant outing. The actors are thrown together so constantly that they get very fond of each other, and used to the little family circle.
When the last curtain shuts us from the audience, and we gather on the dimly-lit stage for the last time to say good-bye, there are lumps in every throat, and tears in every eye.
The summer here at the Gardens has been delightful during every moment. The players have been more than congenial, and Mrs. Long and the Denver public more than kind. None of us want to go away.He was known for His Picture in the Papers (1916), Silks and Satins (1916) and Mice and Men (1916).
He was married to Blanche Sharp and Kate D. Baker. Handyside died on December 20, 1931, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was survived by his wife.
Selected filmography
The Jungle (1914)
Saints and Sinners (1916)
The Woman in the Case (1916)
His Picture in the Papers (1916)
Mice and Men (1916)
A Woman of Impulse (1918)
From Two to Six (1918)
The Turn of the Wheel as American Consul (1918)
References
External links
1854 births
1931 deaths
American male film actors
Anglophone Quebec people
Canadian emigrants to the United States
20th-century American male actors |
Okazapamba is a settlement in the Otjinene Constituency in the Omaheke Region of eastern Namibia. It is mostly inhabited by Herero people and a minor group of the San people. The villagers' economic activities concentrate around cattle breeding, as "Herero people are a pastoral cattle breeding nation".
References
External links
Community Development and HIV/AIDS Grants: U. S. Ambassador Awards
Populated places in the Omaheke Region |
The high diving portion of the 2013 World Aquatics Championships was held from 29–31 July 2013 at the Port Vell in Barcelona, Spain.
Events
The men's competition was contested in five, the women's competition in three rounds.
Schedule
Medal summary
Medal table
Host nation
Medal events
References
External links
Official website
High Diving
2013
World Aquatics Championships
Diving competitions in Spain
2013 in Spanish sport |
Baxter Dickinson (April 14, 1795 – December 5, 1875) was an American minister.
Dickinson, youngest son of Azariah and Mary (Eastman) Dickinson, was born in Amherst, Mass., April 14, 1795. He graduated from Yale College in 1817. He spent a year in teaching in Virginia, and in 1818 entered Andover Theological Seminary, where he completed the course in 1821. He was ordained and installed pastor of the Congregational Church in Longmeadow, Mass., March 5, 1823, and there remained until called to the 3rd Presbyterian Church in Newark, N.J., where he was installed November 17, 1829. He labored successfully for six years in that relation, and then accepted an invitation to the Professorship of Sacred Rhetoric and Pastoral Theology in Lane Seminary, Cincinnati. After four years of active devotion to the interests of that institution, he accepted an appointment to the corresponding chair in the seminary in Auburn, N.Y., and held the position eight years. For ten years he served the American and Foreign Christian Union as one of its District Secretaries at New York and Boston, and then removed with his family to Lake Forest, near Chicago, where with them he opened a Young Ladies' Seminary, which was successfully maintained until 1867. The infirmities of age rendering necessary a retirement from all labor, he removed in 1868 to Brooklyn, N. Y., to spend his closing years, and died in that city, December 5, 1875.
In 1838 he received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Amherst College. He was the author of the paper known as the "True Doctrines," which was adopted in 1837 as the exponent of the doctrinal beliefs of the New School branch of the Presbyterian Church, and received the endorsement of both branches at the late Reunion. In 1839 he was the moderator of the New School General Assembly. He published several sermons, and some of these, as well as a volume of Letters to Students, were republished in England.
Dr. Dickinson was married, June 4, 1823, to Martha Bush, of Boylston, Mass., who survived him. Of their nine children, one son and three daughters survived him. Two of the sons graduated at Amherst College, Rev. Richard Salter Storrs Dickinson in 1844 and Rev. William Cowper Dickinson in 1848. William Cowper Dickinson's son was organist Clarence Dickinson.
External links
Daniel and Tammy Dickinson Family Papers at the Amherst College Archives & Special Collections
References
1795 births
1875 deaths
Yale College alumni
Andover Newton Theological School alumni
Lane Theological Seminary faculty
Auburn Theological Seminary faculty
American Presbyterian ministers
19th-century American clergy |
Ny Kongensgade (literally "New King's Street) is a street in central Copenhagen, Denmark, connecting Frederiksholm Canal to H. C. Andersens Boulevard. In the opposite direction, The Prince's Bridge connects the street to Tøjhusgade on Slotsholmen.
History
The first houses along the street were built in about 1670 when it was known as Prindsensgade. It is unknown when the name was changed but it is referred to as Nye Kongensgade on Gedde's Map of Copenhagen from 1757.
The original street only reached as far as the Western Rampart at present day Vester Voldgade, then a narrow alley on the inside of the rampart, connecting Vartov to the coast. When that portion of the Fortification Ring was finally decommissioned in 1885, as one of the last to be so, Ny Kongensgade was extended to Vester Boulevard (now H. C. Andersens Boulevard).
Håndværkerstiftelsen opened on the corner of Ny Kongensgade and Vester Voldgade on 1 August 1887, providing affordable accommodation for elderly craftsmen and their widows. Håndværkerstiftelsen moved to new premises on Blegdamsvej in 1902, selling their old building to Dansk Arbejdsgiverforening. St. Knud's Chapel was locasted on the other side of the street. It was purchased by varon Holger Stampe and his wife Caroline Stampe-Charisius in 1898 and replaced by Mariahjemmet.
Notable buildings and residents
The most prominent building in the street is Barchmann Mansion on the corner with Frederiksholms Kanal whose principal façade, nine bays long, faces the street. It was completed in 1741 to a design by Philip de Lange. Most of the other buildings in the first part of the street also date from the 18th century and are listed. The low half-timbered building at No. 5 is a former akvavit distillery and was most likely completed between 1728 and 1732.
No. 6 is from 1754 and was for many years a Jewish community centre, sometimes referred to as the Jew's Town Hall, until a new community centre was inaugurated at the Great Synagogue in Krystalgade in 2013. The Danish Jewish Community also built Eibesschützs Stiftelse at No. 10. The building was designed by Frederik Levy and completed in 1903. The building is now home to the digital media group Altinget.
Dansk Arbejdsgiverforening's building on the corner of Vester Voldgade (No. 113) and Ny Kongensgade (No. 16a) was built 1910–1911 to a design by Axel Berg.
See also
Ny Vestergade
References
External links
Ny Kongensgade at indenforvoldene.dk
Pianofabrik
Streets in Copenhagen |
The early Bugatti 8-cylinder line began with the 1922 Type 30. The same basic design was used for the 1926 Type 38 as well as the Type 40, Type 43, Type 44, and Type 49.
Type 30
Produced from 1922 through 1926, the Type 30 used the 2 L (1991 cc/121 in³) engine of the Type 29 racer. It shared its chassis (including the axles and gearbox) with the Type 13 "Brescia". This engine went on to be used in the cut-cost Type 35A and Type 38. About 600 were built from late 1922 through 1926 in varying specifications.
Type 38
The Type 38 was produced in 1926 and 1927. It used the 2 L (1991 cc/121 in³) engine from the Type 35A "Tecla". The supercharger from the Type 37A was later fitted, making the Type 38A. Its gearbox and brakes were later used in the Type 40, while its radiator and axles were shared with the Type 43.
385 examples were produced, 39 of which were supercharged 38As.
Type 40
The Type 40, introduced in 1926 and produced through 1930, used the 3-valve 1.5 L (1496 cc/91 in³) engine first used in some Type 37s. It was an enclosed tourer or (as the Type 40A) small roadster. About 830 were built.
The Type 40A shared its block with the Type 40 and displaced 1.6 L (1627 cc/99 in³). All 40 Type 40As were built in 1930.
Type 43
Another evolution of the basic 8 platform, the Type 43 borrowed the supercharged 2.3 L (2262 cc/138 in³) engine from the Type 35B and combined it with the basic chassis of the Type 38. The engine produced about , bringing the little car to in less than 12 seconds.
The Type 43 was noted at the time as the world's first production car — in fact, it could hit when most fast cars could only reach . 160 of these "Grand Sport" cars were made from 1927 through 1931, with a Type 43A roadster appearing that year and lasting through 1932.
Type 44
The Type 44 was the widest-production variant of this range, with 1,095 known. A larger and sometimes enclosed tourer, it used a new 3-valve SOHC 3 L (2991 cc/182 in³) engine derived from the Type 43's unit. It was built from late 1927 through 1930.
Type 49
The Bugatti Type 49 was an improved Type 44 with a slightly bigger engine with double ignition and a cooling fan. Aluminium wheels were optional. A large proportion was originally supplied with enclosed bodywork but few remain in this form today as many have been re-bodied in a more sporting form. Produced from 1930 through 1934, about 470 examples were built. The Type 49 was the last of the early 8-cylinder single cam Bugatti line which began with the Type 30, though its gearbox would later be reused on the Type 55.
The Type 49 featured a straight-8 engine of 3.3 L (3257 cc/198 in³) displacement. Bore and stroke were 72 mm by 100 mm and three valves per cylinder were used with a single overhead camshaft.
Notes
References
External links
Type 38 Murphy Roadster, chassis number 38435: the only American-bodied Bugatti
49
24 Hours of Le Mans race cars
1920s cars
1930s cars |
The 2020 CONCACAF U-20 Championship qualifying stage took place between 15–23 February 2020. The teams competed for four of the 20 berths in the 2020 CONCACAF U-20 Championship final tournament.
Teams
The qualifying format changed from the 2016 edition (no qualifying was held for the 2018 edition), and the teams were no longer divided into regional zones.
The 41 CONCACAF teams were ranked based on the CONCACAF Men’s Under-20 Ranking as of June 2019. A total of 33 teams entered the tournament. The highest-ranked 16 entrants were exempt from qualifying and advanced directly to the group stage of the final tournament, while the lowest-ranked 17 entrants had to participate in qualifying, where the four group winners advanced to the round of 16 of the knockout stage of the final tournament.
Notes
Draw
The draw for the qualifying round took place on 20 November 2019, 11:00 EST (UTC−5), at the CONCACAF Headquarters in Miami. The 17 teams which entered the qualifying stage were drawn into four groups: one group of five teams and three groups of four teams.
Qualifying stage
The winners of each group qualify for the 2020 CONCACAF U-20 Championship, where they enter the round of 16 of the knockout stage.
Group A
All times are local, UTC−6.
Group B
All times are local, UTC−4.
Group C
All times are local, UTC−4.
Group D
All times are local, UTC−4.
Goalscorers
References
External links
Concacaf Under-20 Championship, CONCACAF.com
Qualifying stage
U-20 Championship qualifying stage
2020 in youth association football
CONCACAF U-20 Championship qualification
February 2020 sports events in North America |
Kiski Area High School is a public high school in Leechburg, Pennsylvania. Kiski Area is the only high school in the Kiski Area School District which serves eight municipalities in Westmoreland County and one municipality in Armstrong County.
History
Kiski Area High School was established in 1962.
Athletics
The following sports are offered at Kiski:
Baseball
Basketball
Bowling
Cross country
Football
Golf
Ice hockey
Soccer
Softball
Swimming
Tennis
Track and field
Volleyball
Wrestling
Cold War
The school had a Nuclear Fallout Shelter at its B Gym on the opposite side of the tennis courts.
References
External links
Schools in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
Public high schools in Pennsylvania |
Eugene Hamlet Krapp (May 12, 1887 – April 13, 1923) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball from 1911 to 1915. He played for the Cleveland Naps and Buffalo Buffeds/Blues. In a four season career where he pitched in 118 games, Krapp had a win–loss record of 40-47 and a 3.23 earned run average.
Biography
Krapp was born in Rochester, New York to Frederick “Fritz” and Bertha (Hettig) Krapp on May 12, 1887. Of German stock, both of his parents were from Wurtemberg, Germany. He started his professional baseball career in 1906, in the Southern Michigan League. In 1909, he led the league with 23 wins and then went to the Portland Beavers of the class A Pacific Coast League. Krapp had his greatest season in 1910. Nicknamed "Rubber Arm" for his durability, he pitched 442 innings and went 29–16, as Portland won the pennant. Krapp led the PCL with a 1.26 earned run average.
The following season, Krapp made his major league debut for the Cleveland Naps, a team which featured stars such as Shoeless Joe Jackson and Nap Lajoie. Krapp led the American League with 138 walks in 1911 but was also difficult to hit, and he went 13–9. However, he slumped badly in 1912.
Krapp returned to the Portland Beavers in 1913 before making his way to the Federal League. In 1914, he went 16–14 with a 2.49 ERA for Buffalo, setting his major league career-bests in innings pitched, wins, and ERA. He pitched one more season for Buffalo and then one in the minor leagues before retiring.
Krapp died in 1923.
References
External links
1887 births
1923 deaths
American people of German descent
Major League Baseball pitchers
Cleveland Naps players
Buffalo Buffeds players
Buffalo Blues players
Flint Vehicles players
Portland Beavers players
Chattanooga Lookouts players
Baseball players from Rochester, New York
Tecumseh (minor league baseball) players
Bradford Drillers players |
NASCAR Angels was an American syndicated half-hour television series which aired in syndication in various markets. It was hosted by Shannon Wiseman and former NASCAR Cup Series Champion Rusty Wallace. The purpose for the show was to help those who help others by repairing their worn out vehicles with a small twist: the NASCAR Angels Dream Team only has three days to get the vehicle repaired. The show has been described as "Extreme Makeover: Home Edition meets Pimp My Ride - NASCAR Style". Partnering with the show were Goodyear and Gemini Auto Repair Service.
References
External links
NASCAR website
NASCAR Angels at NASCAR.com
Automotive television series
Angels
First-run syndicated television programs in the United States
2006 American television series debuts
2009 American television series endings |
Crassocephalum crepidioides, also called ebolo, thickhead, redflower ragleaf, or fireweed, is an erect annual slightly succulent herb growing up to 180 cm tall. Its use is widespread in many tropical and subtropical regions, but is especially prominent in tropical Africa. Its fleshy, mucilaginous leaves and stems are eaten as a vegetable, and many parts of the plant have medical uses. However, the safety of internal use needs further research due to the presence of plant toxins.
Ecology
The species is invasive in New Caledonia.
Toxicity
Crassocephalum crepidioides contains the hepatotoxic and tumorigenic pyrrolizidine alkaloid, jacobine. However, in another study, it is shown that the antitumor activity and macrophage nitric oxide produce action.
References
Leaf vegetables
crepidioides
Plants described in 1842 |
Pauline Margaret Griffin (July 5, 1947 – August 11, 2020), who wrote as P. M. Griffin, was an American author of speculative fiction. She was predominately known for her Star Commandos military science fiction series (1986–2004), described as "untaxing" in her Encyclopedia of Science Fiction entry, as well as her contributions to various Andre Norton series, such as Time Traders, Solar Queen, and Witch World.
Select bibliography
Star Commandos
Star Commandos (1986)
Colony in Peril (1987)
Mission Underground (1988)
Death Planet (1989)
Mind Slayer (1990)
Return to War (1990)
Fire Planet (1990)
Call to Arms (1991)
Jungle Assault (1991)
Watchdogs of Space (2003)
Pariah (2003)
War Prince (2004)
Time Traders
Firehand (1994) with Andre Norton
Solar Queen
Redline the Stars (1993) with Andre Norton
Witch World universe
Witch World: The Turning: Storms of Victory (1991) with Andre Norton
Seakeep (1991)
Flight of Vengeance (1992) with Andre Norton and Mary H. Schaub
Falcon Hope (1992)
Standalone novels
Stand at Cornith (2014)
Survivor (2014)
Fell Conquest (2015)
The Purgatorio Virus (2015)
Haunted World (2016)
Bad Neighbors (2016)
The Elven King (2017)
Rebels' World (2017)
References
External links
1947 births
2020 deaths
American science fiction writers
Women science fiction and fantasy writers |
Eugen Rupf (16 June 1914 – 2000) was a Swiss footballer who played for Switzerland in the 1938 FIFA World Cup.
He played for Grasshopper Club Zürich. He also played three seasons for Basel as player-coach scoring 20 goals in 41 appearances. With Rupf as trainer, Basel were promoted in the season 1941–42 and reached Swiss Cup final that season.
Rupf died in 2000.
References
1914 births
2000 deaths
Swiss men's footballers
Switzerland men's international footballers
1938 FIFA World Cup players
Men's association football forwards
Grasshopper Club Zürich players
FC Basel managers
FC Basel players
Swiss football managers |
"Closing Time" is the twelfth and penultimate episode of the sixth series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who, and was first broadcast on BBC One on 24 September 2011. It was written by Gareth Roberts and directed by Steve Hughes. It is a sequel to "The Lodger", an episode Roberts wrote for the previous series.
In the episode, alien time traveller the Doctor (Matt Smith) is going on a "farewell tour" before his impending death and visits his friend Craig Owens (James Corden) in present-day Colchester, who has a new baby son, Alfie. Though not initially intending to stay, the Doctor becomes intrigued by a Cybermen invasion at a local department store.
Roberts and showrunner Steven Moffat wanted to bring Craig back, having enjoyed "The Lodger" and Corden's performance. Though "Closing Time" was designed to be fun, with comedy built around the double act of Smith and Corden, it contains themes and an epilogue that lead into the finale. The episode marks the first appearance of the Cybermats in the revival of Doctor Who, and they were appropriately redesigned. Much of the episode was filmed in a department store and a private home in Cardiff at night, with shooting going early into the morning. "Closing Time" was watched by 6.93 million viewers in the UK and received generally positive reviews from critics; while the performances, comedy, and emotional moments were praised, many critics were not pleased with the usage of the Cybermen.
Plot
Synopsis
The Eleventh Doctor is on a farewell tour of his friends and has only one day to go before his death. He stops by Craig, who is living with his girlfriend Sophie in a new home in present-day Colchester and is raising their baby, Alfie. Craig, struggling to care for Alfie alone while Sophie is away for the weekend, suspects the Doctor is investigating something alien. The Doctor prepares to leave, but he notices a strange electrical disturbance in the area and decides to investigate.
The Doctor takes a job at the department store to investigate the disturbances further, along with reports of missing employees. The Doctor and Craig enter a lift and find themselves teleported to a Cyberman spacecraft. The Doctor manages to reverse the teleporter and disable it. With Craig's help, the Doctor enters the store after hours and catches a Cybermat, which has been siphoning small amounts of energy to the spacecraft. The Doctor also encounters a malfunctioning Cyberman in the building's basement, and is curious how it arrived in the store. At Craig's, the Doctor reprograms the Cybermat to track down the Cybermen signal.
The Doctor leaves on his own to locate the Cybermen at the store; Craig shortly follows, bringing Alfie along. The Doctor finds the spaceship actually sits below the store, underground, accessed from the changing room. With the siphoned energy, the Cybermen will soon have enough power to convert the human race. Craig, leaving Alfie at the store, follows the Doctor, and is captured and placed into a conversion machine to become the new leader of the Cybermen. Alfie's cries over the closed-circuit television echo in the ship. Craig, hearing Alfie, fights and reverses the conversion. The rest of the Cybermen painfully experience the emotions they have repressed from Craig's struggle, and their circuits start to overload. The Doctor and Craig escape via the teleporter as the ship explodes. The Doctor leaves in the TARDIS to face his death.
In the far future, River Song, recently made a Doctor of Archaeology, notes the date and location of the Doctor's death. She is interrupted by Madame Kovarian and agents of the Silence. Kovarian tells River that she is still theirs, and will be the one to kill the Doctor. Against River's will, they place her in an augmented astronaut's suit and submerge her in Lake Silencio in 2011 to await the Doctor.
Continuity
Two hundred years have passed for the Doctor since the events of "The God Complex", taking him to the age his older self was in "The Impossible Astronaut". He spent this time "waving through time" at Amy and Rory, which is seen at the beginning of "The Impossible Astronaut". The Doctor takes the blue envelopes he uses to summon his companions from Craig's flat and Craig gives him the Stetson he wears at the start of "The Impossible Astronaut". From River Song's perspective, the final scene takes place immediately before the picnic in "The Impossible Astronaut", and she is confirmed to have been that episode's eponymous astronaut.
Cybermats are shown for the first time in the revived series. In the classic series, they appeared in The Tomb of the Cybermen (1967), The Wheel in Space (1968), and Revenge of the Cybermen (1975). The Doctor examines a toy and remarks, "Robot dog; not as much fun as I remember," alluding to K-9, a robot dog who accompanied the Fourth Doctor. The Doctor claims to be able to "speak 'baby'", as he did in "A Good Man Goes to War". The Doctor expresses his dislike for Craig's "redecorated" house by using a line from the Second Doctor (Patrick Troughton) in The Three Doctors (1973) and The Five Doctors (1983). The Doctor recites the mini-poem "Not a rat, a cybermat" from the novelisation of Revenge of the Cybermen.
Amy has become a minor celebrity, appearing in an ad for Petrichor perfume, with the tagline, "For the girl who's tired of waiting." The concept of petrichor was used as a psychic password in "The Doctor's Wife" and means "the smell of dust after rain". The Doctor frequently refers to Amy as "the girl who waited". The perfume and tagline imply that the episode takes place after "The God Complex". This conflicts with the date on Craig's newspaper, 19 April 2011, which is three days before the Doctor's death at Lake Silencio.
Production
Writing and casting
Writer Gareth Roberts said in an interview that he was considering bringing the character of Craig back when he saw James Corden's performance in "The Lodger", saying that "it already felt like he was one of the Who family". Showrunner Steven Moffat was pleased with "The Lodger", an episode he called "quite close to my heart", and wanted to bring Craig back. He commented that it was a change of pace for Corden, who usually was cast as "the funny one"; as Craig he is "the straight man to the wacky Doctor". Director Steve Hughes compared the Doctor and Craig to famous comedic duos such as Laurel and Hardy, Abbott and Costello, and Simon Pegg and Nick Frost. Though most of the episode is intended to be fun, it also sets the stage for the finale and the Doctor's upcoming death. The "serious" final scene, written by Moffat, concluded events in River's life that had been hinted since "Flesh and Stone". Other episode titles suggested by Roberts included "Everything Must Go", "The Last Adventure", and "Three Cybermen and a Baby". A prequel, entitled "Up All Night", is included as part of the Night and the Doctor series of mini-episodes in the Series 6 DVD package.
It was also Roberts' idea to bring back the Cybermen, because there were no other returning monsters in the series and he thought "there should be a sense of history about the Doctor's final battle to save Earth before he heads off to meet his death". He felt that this was consistent with the theme of "death and lingering darkness" that had run throughout the sixth series. Roberts wanted the audience to think that maybe Craig would really be converted. Moffat felt the "blowing the Cybermen up with love" conclusion was the Doctor Who version of a father bonding with his son. Roberts felt that the episode's depiction of the Cybermen put it on the "silly/terrifying axis" that was common in Doctor Who.
Daisy Haggard's reduced role as Sophie in the episode was due to her role in the play Becky Shaw at Almeida Theatre in London. This episode marks Lynda Baron's third involvement with Doctor Who, having provided vocals for the "Ballad of the Last Chance Saloon", heard in The Gunfighters (1966), and the role of Wrack in Enlightenment (1983). The accompanying Doctor Who Confidential to "Closing Time" is entitled "Open All Hours" in honour of Baron's role in the sitcom of the same name. Radio 1 DJ Greg James appears in a non-speaking cameo role, as a man shopping for lingerie. His character was nicknamed "Carlos". Alfie was portrayed by seven different babies, usually paired in twins, because of strict rules about baby hours. Several dummies were used as well. Corden, who was about to become a father, learned tips from the mothers.
Filming and effects
Much of "Closing Time" was filmed in Howells department store in Cardiff. As the store had to be closed, they filmed over four or five nights, sometimes going until 6:00 in the morning. Hughes said it was a "drain" on the production team, while Corden recalled it made the cast and crew "lightheaded" and "hysterical". Reportedly, the department store scenes were shot in March 2011. The rest of the episode was filmed in a private home in Cardiff; the couple who owned the house allowed the filming to take place in order for it to be an experience for their two young boys. Production at the house also went into the early hours of the morning. The window of the sliding door in the house that the Doctor jumps through to save Craig from the Cybermat was too small, so the production team built another one. The new door was too big for shatterglass; instead, glass that breaks into chunks was used, wired with a small explosive that would crack the glass when Matt Smith's stuntman jumped through it. Hughes wanted it to look as if the audience was crashing through the window with the Doctor; he spliced together shots of Smith filmed running up to the door, the stuntman jumping through it, and Smith landing with shards of glass thrown over him.
The Cybus Industries logo, which had been used on the Cybermen since their redesign for the revived series in "Rise of the Cybermen"/"The Age of Steel" (2006), was covered up for the Cybermen in this episode as well as the ones which had previously appeared in "A Good Man Goes to War". This is because the Cybermen from "Rise of the Cybermen" originated from a parallel universe, while the prime universe has its own Cybermen from the planet Mondas, as seen in the classic series. As the Cybermen that feature in "Closing Time" were barely surviving, the production team made them look broken down and as if they had been cannibalising parts to survive. The suits were already worn to an extent, as they had been used so often in the five years since they were made. The Cyber Controller conversion equipment was built around Corden.
The Cybermats, which had not been seen on screen since 1975's Revenge of the Cybermen, were redesigned to appear more high-tech. The top was designed to recall the head of a Cyberman, and piranha-like teeth were added to suggest that they were converted animals, just as Cybermen were converted humans. Three versions of the Cybermat were made. The first was simply a "stunt double" which did not have teeth and was meant for being thrown around or laid still. The second was a cable-controlled "close-up" version that had teeth and thrashed, and was used for when the characters handled it. Smith broke this one when he hit it with a frying pan in the scene where Craig is being attacked, and it was subsequently repaired with tape. The third was radio-controlled to dash along the floor. The post-production special effects team The Mill created a computer-generated Cybermat that leapt up to attack Craig.
Broadcast and reception
"Closing Time" was first broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC One on 24 September 2011, and in the United States on BBC America. It achieved overnight ratings of 5.3 million viewers, coming in second for its time slot behind All-Star Family Fortunes. When final consolidated figures were taken into account, the number rose to 6.93 million, making it the second most watched programme of the day behind The X Factor. "Closing Time" was the fifth most-downloaded programme of September on BBC's online iPlayer. It was also given an Appreciation Index of 86, considered "excellent".
Critical reception
The episode received generally positive reviews, with critics praising the comic interplay between Smith and Corden. Dan Martin of The Guardian questioned the decision to air a standalone episode as the penultimate show of the series, calling "Closing Time" "something of a curiosity" as well as writing positively about Smith and Corden's "Laurel and Hardy act". However, he felt that the Cybermen had been deprived of their menace. Martin later rated it the eighth best episode of the series, though the finale was not included in the list. Gavin Fuller of The Daily Telegraph awarded the episode three out of five stars, comparing Smith's performance favourably to that of Patrick Troughton. Neela Debnath of The Independent said it was an "intriguing change of pace" and succeeded with "great comedic moments" and the "brilliant chemistry between the Doctor and Craig". She praised Corden for excelling after his "average" performance in "The Lodger".
Patrick Mulkern, writing for Radio Times, thought that the ending was an "emotional overload...but what better way to deal with the emotionally deprived Cybermen?" He was pleased with the "sweet cameo" from Amy and Rory and the "tense coda" with River Song and Kovarian. Keith Phipps of The A.V. Club gave "Closing Time" a grade of "B+", feeling that the episode was more about small character moments than the Cybermen plot. Though he wrote it was not as strong as "The Lodger", he praised the way it gave a break before the season finale to bring out the softer side of the Doctor. Digital Spy's Morgan Jeffery praised Smith, Corden, and Lynda Baron as Val, and felt that it was a "relief" to have a fun episode after two emotional heavy ones. However, he did not think it was as good as "The Lodger" and thought the Cybermen were "wasted", citing the conclusion of Craig blowing them up with love as "unsatisfactory". Andrew Blair of Den of Geek defended the Cybermen in the episode, opining that the episode brought out the tragedy of them barely surviving and having to convert people mechanically without any emotional understanding of the situation.
IGN's Matt Risley rated the episode 7.5 out of 10, praising the chemistry between Smith and Corden as well as Smith's interaction with the baby, but was disappointed with the Cybermen, who he said "never really delivered on the threat or horror fans know they're capable of". SFX magazine reviewer Rob Power gave the episode three and a half out of five stars, saying it "[worked] wonders" as a light-hearted episode before the finale and with "properly bad" Cybermen. Though he thought the Cyberman lacked "real menace" and Craig escaped in a "cheesy way", he considered the main focus to be on the Doctor's "farewell tour" and praised Smith's performance. He thought that the moments of "sad-eyed loneliness and resignation" added weight to "what would otherwise have been a paper-thin episode". Power also praised the ending for bringing things together for the finale, though he thought the final scene with River Song felt "a little tacked-on". Charlie Jane Anders writing for io9 described it as a "worthy sequel" and "welcome shot of comedy" and was positive towards the "sweet" exploration of the Doctor's self-loathing that proved the universe needed him. However, Anders was bothered by the running joke of the Doctor and Craig being mistaken for a gay couple and the stereotypes the episode relied on, such as the "clueless dad" and the ignorant shop girls. Christopher Hooton of Metro found the episode to be "soppy" and "sickly sweet", criticising Corden for his "whooping", "annoying" performance, the reliance on "slapstick capers" that "lurched a bit too close to the CBBC end of the spectrum" and the "jaunty [and] smug" soundtrack.
References
Bibliography
External links
2011 British television episodes
Cybermen television stories
Eleventh Doctor episodes
Doctor Who stories set on Earth
Fiction set in 2011
Television episodes set in England |
Jess Scully is a curator, author, and local politician in Australia. She has served as a Councillor on the City of Sydney Council from 2016 to 2023, including as Deputy Lord Mayor of Sydney from 2019 to 2022. She is the founding director of the Vivid Ideas program within the Vivid Sydney festival, and her book, Glimpses of Utopia: Real Ideas for a Fairer World, was published in 2020.
Early life and education
Scully was born in 1980 or 1981 in Liverpool, New South Wales, and spent her early childhood in Bossley Park. She has one sister and is the daughter of emigrant parents, with her father from Bangalore and her mother from Chile. Her father became a furniture salesperson, and her mother an interior decorator. Her mother left Chile for Australia with her parents after the 1973 Chilean coup d'état.
Scully attended primary school in Chile when her family moved to Chile for two years in the 1990s, until her family returned to Sydney. Scully later attended Hurlstone Agricultural College and then University of Technology Sydney, where she studied law and journalism.
Curatorial career
Scully and several others began Creative Sydney in 2009 as a series of talks in the annual Vivid Sydney festival, which was incorporated into Vivid Sydney as the larger program Vivid Ideas in 2012. Scully became the founding director of Vivid Ideas, and her curation included hundreds of events, workshops, and speakers from business and creative sectors. Scully has also worked as a curator for TEDxSydney.
Political career
Scully became interested in politics after working in the creative sector for about ten years, including projects such as Vivid Ideas and the Qantas Spirit Of Youth Awards. She admired Lord Mayor of Sydney Clover Moore's work and accepted the opportunity to become part of Moore's team. She was elected to the City of Sydney Council in 2016, and subsequently elected Deputy Lord Mayor of Sydney three years later.
During her time as Deputy Lord Mayor, she successfully moved the council to investigate the development of community wealth building policies. She also became a chair of the Nightlife and Creative Sector Advisory Panel. In addition, she helped simplify the law that allowed street art to be drawn on buildings provided the owner gives consent, without having to submit a development application. She also set up a mailing list called "YIMBY Squad" for supporters of community development proposals. "YIMBY" is an acronym for "Yes, in my backyard" and related to the YIMBY movement.
Scully announced her resignation from the City of Sydney Council in March 2023, and discussed the challenges of balancing motherhood, expecting her second child, while working part-time as a World Bank consultant, and having parental leave unavailable for her part-time councillor role, with the councillor work typically requiring more than forty hours a week. Her departure suggested that Moore was unlikely to face a suitable successor in the next election.
Glimpses of Utopia
In 2020, her book, Glimpses of Utopia: Real Ideas for a Fairer World, was published by Pantera Press. Good Reading gave the book 5 stars and in a review, described it as "arresting from the very first sentence: 'What if the future we need is vastly different to the future we've been told we want?'" In a review for Acuity, Paul Robinson writes, "Scully examines organisations and people that are testing the alternatives," and "These are people embracing new ideas rather than patching tired systems no longer fit for purpose. Inspiring." Genevieve Barlow writes in The Weekly Times, "There are examples of fairer work places, where workers share profits, democracies where decision making is truly democratised and economies, including local ones, gone circular by people buying and consuming goods made where they live. The book shows hope is not dead by a long shot."
According to Fiona Capp in a review for the Sydney Morning Herald, "Scully casts a wide net to find inspiring working models. She looks to citizens' councils in Iceland, the rise of worker-owned businesses in Argentina, and not-for-profit public banking initiatives in the US, among many other creative, community-driven responses to political, institutional and market failures." In a review for The Canberra Times, Mark Thomas writes, "If the book occasionally reads like an inspirational talk, that too its fitting for an author who pioneered a festival where innovation and iconoclasm have been prized (Vivid Ideas)."
Personal life
Scully is married to Pat Armstrong, who is a systems designer. Scully has one daughter, and as of 2023, is expecting another child. She is fluent in Spanish.
References
External links
There are new ways to do democracy that give me hope. More voices could change everything - The Guardian opinion piece
Sneak Peek at Glimpses of Utopia (Good Reading, May 2023, Glimpses of Utopia excerpt)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Australian curators
New South Wales politicians
21st-century Australian women writers
21st-century Australian women politicians |
Pang Kang (; born 1956) is a Chinese billionaire businessman, and the chairman of Foshan Haitian Flavouring & Food Co.
Biography
Pang Kang was an executive of the collective Hai Tian Sauce Shop. In 1995, he contributed to the incorporation of the collective as a limited company, and became a shareholder with a $60K initial investment. The company became Foshan Haitian Flavoring & Food and was introduced on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in 2014.
Fortune
In 2014, his fortune was estimated at US$2.5 billion. In 2015, his fortune was estimated at $4.6 billion. In 2018, his fortune grew by 60% to reach $7.2 billion, going from 68th to 35th in the China Rich List.
As of January 2021, Forbes estimated his net worth at $34.3 billion.
Personal life
Pang does not have children.
References
Chinese billionaires
Living people
1956 births
Chinese food industry businesspeople
Chinese company founders |
Route 128, known as the Yankee Division Highway, is a state highway in the U.S. state of Massachusetts maintained by the Highway Division of the Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT). Spanning , it is one of two beltways (the other being Interstate 495) around Boston, and is known as the "inner" beltway, especially around areas where it is or less outside of Boston. The route's current southern terminus is at the junction of I-95 and I-93 in Canton, and it is concurrent with I-95 around Boston for before it leaves the interstate and continues on its own in a northeasterly direction towards Cape Ann. The northern terminus lies in Gloucester a few hundred feet from the Atlantic Ocean. All but the northernmost 3 miles are a freeway, with the remainder being a expressway. Its concurrency with I-95 makes up most of its length.
Originally designated in 1927 along a series of surface streets, Route 128 provided a circumferential route around the city of Boston. The original route extended from the seaport of Gloucester, on the North Shore, to the beach resort community of Hull on the South Shore. Construction of the present circumferential highway began in Gloucester in the early 1950s and progressed southward, in part on new alignments and in part by the improvement of older roads, and came to completion with the final link into the Southeast Expressway (Massachusetts Route 3/John Fitzgerald Expressway/Pilgrim Highway) at a three-way flying junction known as the Braintree Split. With the completion of the final segment of the Yankee Division Highway in Braintree in 1960, the segment of Route 128 through Braintree, Weymouth and Hingham was rerouted to run concurrently with Route 3 on the Southeast Expressway/Pilgrim Highway between the Braintree Split (Route 3 Exit 42 (old exit 19), Route 128 exit 67) and Exit 35 (old exit 14), then along Pond Street in Norwell to Queen Anne's Corner on the Hingham-Norwell line, retaining its original route from Queen Anne's corner to its terminus in Hull. Subsequent upgrades on the northern segment in the 1960s completed a full freeway from Braintree in the south to Gloucester in the north.
Over time, the southern terminus was truncated twice.
Circa 1965, a policy of limiting each road to one route number led to a decision to drop the designation of Route 128 from the Southeast Expressway and to redesignate the orphaned segment from Exit 35 (old exit 14) of the Southeast Expressway to the terminus in Hull as Route 228 - but with its designated directions reversed to reflect the actual geographical direction of the new route. This shifted the southern terminus of Route 128 to the Braintree Split.
Circa 1997, the same policy led to removal of the designation of Route 128 from the segment of the Yankee Division Highway between the Braintree Split and the junction with the southern segment of I-95 in Canton, which had been designated as I-93. (This plan also would have removed the designation of Route 128 from the segment between the junction with the southern segment of I-95 in Canton and the junction with the northern segment of I-95 in Peabody; however, this was rescinded because it would have orphaned the Route 128 railroad station, on the border of Westwood and Dedham, and adjacent to the portion of the highway just to the northwest of the Canton interchange.) However, that segment retains the "Yankee Division Highway" name.
However, twenty years later, the entire segment of the highway is still called "Route 128" even in traffic reports on radio and television in local parlance, often causing considerable confusion for uninitiated visitors to the area.
In local culture, "Route 128" is generally recognized as the demarcation between the more-urban inner suburbs and the less-densely-developed suburbs surrounding the city of Boston. It also approximately delimits the region served by the rapid transit and trolley system operated by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA), and is used to reference the high-technology industry that developed from the 1960s to the 1980s in the suburban areas along the highway.
Route description
Route 128 begins in the south in Norfolk County, at the interchange with I-93, I-95, and US 1 in Canton. It immediately begins as a highway. Until the 1990s, its southern terminus was located at the junction of I-93, US 1, and Route 3 (the Braintree Split) in Braintree. At this present-day terminus, 128 is concurrent with I-95, and follows the mileage-based exit numbering scheme used by I-95 as it enters Massachusetts from Pawtucket, Rhode Island. It also begins a wrong-way concurrency with US 1; as 128 and I-95 are signed traveling north, US 1 is signed traveling south, and vice versa. US 1 splits onto its own roadbed at exit 29 (old exit 15) in Dedham.
In response to the outcome of the 1970 Boston Transportation Planning Review, Massachusetts focused federal highway funding on public mass transportation rather than building new highways through Boston and the inner suburbs ("inside of Highway 128"), cancelling plans for completion of a northeast Expressway and construction of a southwest Expressway to carry I-95 through downtown Boston. This policy cascaded into designation of the segment of the Yankee Division Highway between the existing I-95 junction in Canton and the new I-95 junction in Peabody as I-95 rather than building a new highway to complete the connection, coupled with a decision to extend I-93 southward along the Central Artery and John Fitzgerald Expressway and onto the southern end of the Yankee Division Highway to the I-95 junction in Canton. After completion of the I-95/Highway 128 interchange in Peabody in 1988, the State Highway Department changed the numbers of all exits south of the newly completed junction to those of the respective interstate highway designations. Since then, the highway has had three sets of exit numbers: I-93 exits 7 through 1 from the southern terminus to the I-95 junction in Canton, I-95 exits 26 through 64 (old exits 12 through 45) from the I-95 junction in Canton to the I-95 junction in Peabody, and the original Route 128 exits 37 through 55 (old exits 29 through 12) from the I-95 junction in Peabody to the northern terminus. The interchange with I-93 in Woburn, which was Route 128 Exit 37 before the renumbering, became I-93 Exit 37 (now exit 28) in the renumbering and thus coincidentally retained its number until the switchover with the mileage-based system in 2021. Along with other highways in the Commonwealth, exits were renumbered with a mileage-based system in 2021.
As a result of this political decision, about two thirds of Route 128 runs in tandem with I-95 from Canton north to Peabody, and after I-95 splits off and continues north from Peabody toward New Hampshire, northward on its own right of way from Peabody to Gloucester. The I-95 and I-93 signage were added in the mid-1970s when plans to construct I-95 through Boston, directly connecting the two I-95/Highway 128 interchanges, were cancelled leaving a gap filled using 128. An unused cloverleaf in Canton, partially removed circa 1977, was one of the leftover structures from this plan as well as the existing expressway (part of US 1 since 1989).
The decision to reroute I-95 onto Highway 128 rather than building a new highway inside of 128 has contributed to three significant problems.
At the junction in Canton, I-95 northbound uses the original cloverleaf, which is fairly tight, to transition from the southern segment to the Yankee Division Highway. More than a few unsuspecting truckers have entered the cloverleaf at full highway speed and thus managed to flip over their rigs. As a result, the cloverleaf has been referred to as "Dead Man's Curve" to locals.
The I-95 overhead traffic also has become a major contributor to congestion on the segment of the highway known as I-95.
The Southeast Expressway, as the only highway coming into Boston from the south, carries more than double its capacity on a daily basis. The highway is prone to some of the worst traffic in the region, as all traffic from south of the city (coming from three different highways) must merge onto this one route.
The area along the western part of Highway 128 is home to a number of high-technology firms and corporations. This part of 128 was dubbed "America's Technology Highway", and signs marking it that way were put in place beginning in October 1982. Two years later, those blue signs were changed to read "America's Technology Region" after complaints from veterans groups that noted the highway already had a name: the Yankee Division Highway, a name bestowed in 1941 in honor of the U.S. Army unit first formed in Boston in 1917.
The political decision not to build new highways inside of Route 128 also led to abandonment of plans to extend the limited access divided highway U. S. Route 3 from its current interchange with the Yankee Division Highway in Burlington to a junction with Route 2 in Lexington as originally planned. This decision caused a temporary reroute of U. S. Route 3 onto the Yankee Division Highway, but in the opposite direction, to connect with its original route, one interchange to the north of the current junction, to become permanent.
The segment of the highway that still carries the sole designation as Route 128, which is four lanes of limited access divided highway for most of its length, was not originally built as a limited access divided highway. Many junctions in this segment were constructed as signaled intersections at grade in the 1950s and subsequently reconstructed with grade separation and interchanges in the 1960s - often with local streets that happened to be in convenient locations doubling as ramps for access to the highway. However, four junctions nearest the northern end in the town of Gloucester were not improved. Proceeding in the direction signed as northward beyond Exit 55 (old exit 12) (the interchange with Crafts Road), the route runs eastward through two rotaries, named Grant Circle (intersection with Washington Street) and Blackburn Circle (intersection with Dory Road going northward and Schoolhouse Road going southward) and another intersection at Route 127 (Eastern Avenue) to its terminus in another intersection at Route 127A (East Main Street/Bass Avenue). Additionally, the segments from Blackburn Circle to Route 127 and from Route 127 to Route 127A, a distance of 1.2 miles, have no divider.
A metropolitan planning organization for the Boston area studied the Route 128/I-95 Corridor from approximately 2005–2010. The study focused on the heavily congested section from I-90 (Newton) to US 3 (Burlington), and was completed in November 2010. As of 2010, the highway carried over 200,000 vehicles per day. Some possible improvements to Highway 128 include HOV Lanes, reconstruction of shoulders, ramp metering, bus on shoulder, and fiber optic traffic system improvements. More studies will need to be completed before projects will begin.
History
Surface roads and south Circumferential Highway
As designated in 1927, the original Route 128, called the "Circumferential Highway," followed existing roadways from Gloucester to Hull through Boston's suburbs. The first (northernmost) segment of the present controlled-access highway, which is still just four lanes wide, opened in 1951. Construction progressed southward. The final (southernmost) segment, originally built as the present eight-lane highway that spliced into the John Fitzgerald Expressway (then Route 3 for its entire length, and popularly also known as the Southeast Expressway) at a wye junction now known as the Braintree Split in Braintree. This segment, which opened in 1960, replaced a two-lane undivided road to complete the first circumferential highway around any major city.
Upon completion of the final segment of the Yankee Division Highway, the agency then known as the Massachusetts Highway Department (subsequently reorganized the Highway Division of the Massachusetts Department of Transportation) assigned the concurrent designation of Route 128 to the segment of the Southeast Expressway (Route 3) from Exit 35 (old exit 14) to the Braintree Split (Exit 42, old exit 19), linking to the segment of the original Route 128 from the intersection with Route 53 at Queen Anne's Corner at the Hingham-Norwell line to the southern terminus in Hull. That action removed the designation as Route 128 from Blue Hill River Road in Randolph and Braintree, which is now closed to traffic, and West Street, Franklin Street, segments of Washington Street and Plain Street, and Grove Street in Braintree, a segment of Columbian Street, Park Avenue, and a segment of Ralph Talbot Street in Weymouth, and Derby Street and a segment of Whiting Street (Route 53) in Hingham, all of which remain in service for local traffic. However, fate was not so kind to the rest of the original route. Although some segments of remain in service as local parallel streets, other segments became part of the present right of way, but with connections severed at both ends, and some segments were severed where they cross the present right of way and even closed if no longer used by local traffic. Thus, it is no longer feasible to drive the original route between Braintree and Gloucester.
In 1965, the Massachusetts Highway Department truncated Route 128 at the Braintree Split and redesignated the non-freeway section of Route 128 from Route 3 through Hingham and Hull as Route 228, with its direction reversed to reflect the actual geographical direction of that segment of the route. This action ended the concurrent route designation on the John Fitzgerald Expressway.
In the wake of a political decision not to complete the Northeast Expressway and to construct a Southwest Expressway to connect I-95 through Boston as originally planned, the United States Department of Transportation and the Massachusetts Highway Department redesignated the segment of the Yankee Division Highway between the junction with the completed segment of I-95 from Peabody to the New Hampshire border and the junction with the completed segment of I-95 from Canton to the Rhode Island border as I-95 to complete that highway. Concurrently, these agencies extended I-93 from its original terminus in Boston southward on the John Fitzgerald Expressway to the Braintree Split, then westward on the southern segment of the Yankee Division Highway to the junction with the completed southern segment of I-95 from Canton. At that time, the Massachusetts Highway Department officially truncated Route 128 at its intersection with I-95 in Peabody, began removal of Route 128 signage, and assigned I-93 and I-95 exit numbers to the interchanges on both affected segments of the Yankee Division Highway. The Massachusetts Highway Department subsequently restored the designation of Route 128 and reinstalled signage on the segment of the Yankee Division Highway designated as I-95, partly in response to public protest and partly due to the fact that an Amtrak and MBTA commuter rail station adjacent to the highway at the University Avenue interchange in Canton bears the name Route 128 (RTE on the railroad timetables and in the Amtrak reservation system). The station is located at the first interchange north of the junction of I-93 and I-95 in Canton.
Despite no longer officially carrying the designation, the section of the Yankee Division Highway between Braintree and Canton is popularly called Route 128 within Massachusetts. However, signage for Route 128 has gradually disappeared from the segment designated as I-95 as the Massachusetts Department of Transportation has replaced signage along that segment of the road and on the intersecting roads.
At its current southern terminus, Route 128 begins running concurrently with I-95 (same direction) and US 1 (opposite direction). While its concurrency with US 1 ends in Dedham, its concurrency with I-95 continues as it intersects with expressways including I-90 (the Massachusetts Turnpike) in Weston; US 20 in Waltham; Route 2 in Lexington; US 3 in Burlington (with which it runs concurrently within the town); and I-93 and US 1 again in Reading and Lynnfield, respectively. 128 and I-95 split in Peabody; as I-95 continues north towards New Hampshire, 128 travels east towards its northern terminus at an interchange with Route 127A in Gloucester.
Route 128 was assigned by 1927 along local roads, running from Route 138 in Milton around the west side of Boston to Route 107 (Essex Street or Bridge Street) in Salem. Its route was as follows:
By 1928, it had been extended east to Quincy from its south end along the following streets, ending at the intersection of Route 3 and Route 3A (current Route 3A and Route 53):
The first section of the new Circumferential Highway, in no way the freeway that it is now, was the piece from Route 9 in Wellesley around the south side of Boston to Route 3 (current Route 53) in Hingham. Parts of this were built as new roads, but most of it was along existing roads that were improved to handle the traffic. In 1931, the Massachusetts Department of Public Works acquired a right-of-way from Route 138 in Canton through Westwood, Dedham and Needham to Route 9 in Wellesley. This was mostly 80 feet (24 m) wide, only shrinking to 70 feet (21 m) in Needham, in the area of Great Plain Avenue and the Needham Line. Much of this was along new alignment, but about half — mostly in Needham — was along existing roads:
Royall Street from west of Route 138 to east of Green Street (Canton)
Green Lodge Street from Royall Street (cut off by Route 128) to Route 128 Station (Canton and Westwood)
Greendale Avenue from Lyons Street and Common Street just south of the Charles River to Hunting Avenue (Dedham and Needham)
Fremont Street north from Highland Avenue (Needham)
Reservoir Street from Central Avenue to Route 9 (Needham and Wellesley)
From Route 138 in Canton east through the Blue Hills Reservation in Canton, Milton, Quincy and Braintree, Norfolk County acquired a right-of-way in 1927 and built the Blue Hill River Road. This tied into West Street in northwest Braintree, which itself had been taken over by the county in 1923.
West Street led to Route 37, which ran southeast to Braintree center. This part of Route 37 had been taken over by the state in 1919 (to Braintree center) and 1917 (in Braintree center).
The rest of the new highway, from Route 37 east to Route 3 (now Route 53), through Braintree, Weymouth and Hingham, was taken over by the state in 1929. This was all along existing roads, except possibly the part of Park Avenue west of Route 18 in Weymouth.
By 1933, the whole Circumferential Highway had been completed, and, except for the piece from Route 9 in Wellesley south to Highland Avenue in Needham, was designated as Route 128. Former Route 128 along Highland Avenue into Needham center was left unnumbered (as was the Circumferential Highway north of Highland Avenue), but the rest of former Route 128, from Needham center east to Quincy, became part of Route 135. Thus the full route of the Circumferential Highway, as it existed by 1933, is now the following roads:
At the same time as Route 128 was extended along the new Circumferential Highway, it was extended further into Hull. This alignment, not part of the Circumferential Highway, ran southeast on Route 3 (now Route 53) (Whiting Street) to the border of Hingham and Norwell, where it turned north on present Route 228 (Main Street) through Hingham and into Hull. The exact route through Hingham was Main Street, Short Street, Leavitt Street, East Street, and Hull Street. The end of the numbered route was at the south end of Nantasket Beach, where Nantasket Avenue curves northwest to follow the shore of Massachusetts Bay.
"America's Technology Highway"
In 1955, Business Week ran an article titled "New England Highway Upsets Old Way of Life" and referred to Route 128 as "the Magic Semicircle". By 1958, it needed to be widened from four to six lanes, and business growth continued, often driven by technology out of Harvard University and MIT.
In 1957, there were 99 companies employing 17,000 workers along 128; in 1965, 574; in 1973, 1,212. The development of college-like suburban campuses and marketing to technology companies was intentional on the part of real estate developers such as Gerald W. Blakeley Jr.
In the 1980s, the area was often compared to California's Silicon valley, and the positive effects of this growth on the Massachusetts economy were dubbed the "Massachusetts Miracle".
Major companies or research facilities with significant locations in the broader Route 128 area prior to 2000 included:
Analog Devices
Apollo Computer
Autodesk
BBN Technologies
Computervision
Cullinet
Digital Equipment Corporation
EMC Corporation
GTE
Honeywell Information Systems
Lincoln Laboratory
Lycos
MITRE
Polaroid
Prime Computer
PTC, Inc.
Raytheon
Thermo Electron and Fisher Scientific, later merged as Thermo Fisher Scientific
Wang Laboratories
Future and improvements
Add-A-Lane project
The $315 million MassDOT Highway Division project has widened the existing six-lane section of highway to eight lanes from north of Route 9 in Wellesley to Route 24 in Randolph. The project consists of adding a lane on the inside of each carriageway, complete with a 10-foot inside shoulder. The existing 1950s bridges, 22 in total, also were replaced. The project also included construction of a new two-lane ramp from Route 128 to I-95 in Canton and installation of a new interchange at Kendrick Street in Needham, designated as Exit 35 A (old exit 19A) with the ramps to Highland Avenue become Exits 35 B and 35 C (old exits 19B and 19C).
During the initial construction of Route 128, a provision had already been made for a fourth lane within the widely spaced median along the 1.5-mile (2.5 km) length of Route 128 running from just north of the U.S. Route 1 interchange in Dedham, Massachusetts, north-westwards to the Route 109 interchange, and this will finally be used for the Add-A-Lane project.
Construction on phase 1 was officially completed in October 2009. Construction of phase 2 of the project began in summer 2006. This phase of the project consisted of the replacement of the Route 1 and Route 1A bridges over Route 128 in Dedham along with the road widening between Exits 27 and 29 (old exits 13 and 15) (US 1). Construction of four sound barriers between the US 1 and I-95 interchanges were also included. This phase was completed in the Spring of 2011.
Construction on phase 3, begun in April 2009, widened I-93/US 1 to 4 lanes in each direction from Route 24 to the I-95 interchange. Phase 4 of the Project, which began in March 2011, is replacing seven bridges and widens Route 128 (I-95) to four lanes in each direction from Route 109 to south of Highland Avenue in Needham. The southeastern freeway (Pilgrims Highway) that extends from Braintree to Cape Cod, MA Route 3, is also in the process of undergoing a similar "add-a-lane" project for much of its own 42 mile length.
Construction on the sixth and final segment in Needham and Wellesley began in January 2015, and included wider bridges and more auxiliary lanes and a new collector road. Major road construction ended in October 2018, and the project wrapped up with painting and landscaping in the spring of 2019.
Sign upgrade projects on Route 128
Over the last fifteen or so years, the state has funded a number of highway sign resigning projects on Route 128 that are replacing the 25-year-old signs with new exit, regulatory and route signs. Starting in 1998 and continuing through 2002, signs were replaced through a $1.1 million project between Reading and Lynnfield. Progress continued in 2005 and 2006 during a $2.2 million project which replaced the signs on from Peabody to Gloucester, and continued with a $1.4 million project in 2008 and 2009 that replaced signs in Peabody and the remaining ones in Lynnfield. A $2.9 million federal stimulus project helped replace exit and highway signs in 2010 and 2011 along Route 128 (I-95) from US-3 in Lexington to I-93 in Reading.
A project begun in the Fall of 2012 and completed in the Fall of 2015, replaced exit & guide signs on Route 128 from Route 9 (Exit 36, old exit 20) in Wellesley to Routes 4/225 (Exit 49, old exit 31) in Lexington and, as part of the Add-A-Lane project discussed above, new signs were put up along section of the project completed in 2015 from Great Plain Avenue in Needham to Route 109 in Dedham. New signage was put up between I-95 and US 1 in 2010 and most of the signage between I-95 and Route 24 (on I-93/US 1) has been replaced by the end of 2011. Future projects will replace the signs between the Rhode Island Border and I-93 in Canton in 2018 and between I-93 in Reading and US 1 in Peabody in 2019. New mileage markers were placed every 2/10 of a mile along the highway in 2010 (except for the area covered by the widening project) for I-93 between Braintree and Canton and I-95 from Canton to Peabody. New markers put along Route 128 from Peabody to Gloucester reflect the state highway's total mileage from Canton, indicating MassDOT's change of heart in decommissioning the route where it shares the road with I-95. The previous mile markers (reflected in the exit list below) had mile 0 in Peabody.
Monorail proposal
In 2015, the mayor of the City of Waltham, Jeannette McCarthy, noted that traffic is exceeding the capacity of Route 128 and proposed that communities located along the highway jointly consider a plan of establishing a form of monorail to add further mass transit options to businesses along the Route 128 corridor.
Exit list
The exit number along the I-93 portion of the Yankee Division Highway, indicated by an asterisk in the table below because that segment of the highway is no longer officially part of Route 128, are in accordance with Interstate 93 exit numbering scheme in Massachusetts. Exit numbers along the I-95 portion of Route 128 are in accordance to the I-95 exit numbering scheme in Massachusetts. The stretch north of I-95, as well as the rest of the length before I-95 exit numbering was applied, previously had decreasing exit numbers traveling northbound, contrary to almost all highways in the US with numbered exits. Route 128 currently has 18 numbered interchanges, which previously started at 37 (old exit 29) (southbound) and continued downwards to old exit 9 (former Exit 27, an at-grade intersection, was removed, and the last two exits are at-grade intersections). However, upon Massachusetts switching to mileage-based exit numbers, the exit numbers now abide by standard numbering rules. The new numbers along the stretch of highway north of I-95 increase from 37 in Peabody to 55 in Gloucester, with the traffic circles and at-grade intersections no longer receiving numbers. On January 27, 2021, MassDOT announced that renumbering the exits along Route 128 will start on February 3 and will go on for two weeks, but it was delayed until February 11 due to weather and a delay on renumbering the exits along US Route 3.
Notes
References
Bibliography
Susan Rosegrant, David R. Lampe, Route 128: Lessons from Boston's High-Tech Community, Basic Books, 1992, . The story of the Boston high-tech industry, starting from its 19th-century roots.
Alan R. Earls, Route 128 and the Birth of the Age of High Tech, Arcadia Publishing, 2002,
AnnaLee Saxenian, Régional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128 Harvard University Press, 1994,
Yanni Tsipis, David Kruh, Building Route 128, Arcadia Publishing, 2003,
External links
the Route 128 Business Council
a historical overview
links about the region's tech history
The Valley of My Dreams: Why Silicon Valley Left Boston's Route 128 In The Dust
includes a "virtual tour" of the highway's early days and construction, as well as movies of the 1951 opening ceremony
Beltways in the United States
Route 128
Freeways in the United States
Route 128
Interstate 95
128
Streets in Boston
Streets in Braintree, Massachusetts
Transportation in Essex County, Massachusetts
Transportation in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Transportation in Norfolk County, Massachusetts
U.S. Route 1
Historic trails and roads in Dedham, Massachusetts |
Andreas Seeger is a mathematician who works in the field of harmonic analysis. He is a professor of mathematics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He received his PhD from Technische Universität Darmstadt in 1985 under the supervision of Walter Trebels.
He was elected a fellow of the American Mathematical Society in 2014 for his contributions to Fourier integral operators, local smoothing,
oscillatory integrals, and Fourier multipliers. In 2017, he was awarded the Humboldt Prize.
He was awarded a Simons Fellowship in 2019.
References
External links
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Nationality missing
20th-century German mathematicians
21st-century German mathematicians
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
Technische Universität Darmstadt alumni
Fellows of the American Mathematical Society
Mathematical analysts |
Donald Greenwell (4 January 1924 – December 2002) was an English professional footballer who played as a half-back in the Football League for York City.
References
1924 births
2002 deaths
Footballers from Chester-le-Street
English men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
York City F.C. players
English Football League players |
Priyanka Phogat (born 12 May 1993) is an Indian female wrestler who won a silver medal at the 2016 Asian Wrestling Championships.
Personal life
She is the sister of Commonwealth Games gold medalist wrestler Vinesh Phogat, niece of Dronacharya Award winner Mahavir Phogat, and cousin of Commonwealth Games gold medalist wrestlers - Geeta and Babita.
Career
In 2015, Phogat bagged a seven lakh contract with the Punjab franchise of the Pro Wrestling League.
Phogat won the silver medal at the Asian Wrestling Championships in Bangkok in February 2016 in the 55 kg category. She was defeated in the gold medal bout by Mongolia's Davaasükhiin Otgontsetseg.
See also
Phogat sisters
References
Living people
1993 births
Indian female sport wrestlers
Sportswomen from Haryana
People from Bhiwani district
Priyanka
Asian Wrestling Championships medalists
21st-century Indian women
21st-century Indian people |
RAMnets is one of the oldest practical neurally inspired classification algorithms. The RAMnets is also known as a type of "n-tuple recognition method" or "weightless neural network".
Algorithm
Consider (let us say N) sets of n distinct bit locations are selected randomly. These are the n-tuples. The restriction of a pattern to an n-tuple can be regarded as an n-bit number which, together with the identity of the n-tuple, constitutes a `feature' of the pattern. The standard n-tuple recognizer operates simply as follows:
A pattern is classified as belonging to the class for which it has the most features in common with at least one training pattern of that class.
This is the = 0 case of a more general rule whereby the class assigned to unclassified pattern u is
where Dc is the set of training patterns in class c, = x for , for , is the Kronecker delta(=1 if i=j and 0 otherwise.)and is the ith feature of the pattern u:
Here uk is the kth bit of u and is the jth bit location of the ith n-tuple.
With C classes to distinguish, the system can be implemented as a network of NC nodes, each of which is a random access memory (RAM); hence the term RAMnet. The memory content at address of the ith node allocated to class c is set to
=
In the usual = 1 case, the 1-bit content of is set if any pattern of Dc has feature and unset otherwise. Recognition is accomplished by summing the contents of the nodes of each class at the addresses given by the features of the unclassified pattern. That is, pattern u is assigned to class
RAM-discriminators and WiSARD
The RAMnets formed the basis of a commercial product known as WiSARD (Wilkie, Stonham and Aleksander Recognition Device) was the first artificial neural network machine to be patented.
A RAM-discriminator consists of a set of one-bit word RAMs with inputs and a summing device (Σ). Any such RAM-discriminator can receive a binary pattern of X⋅n bits as input. The RAM input lines are connected to the input pattern by means of a biunivocal pseudo-random mapping. The summing device enables this network of RAMs to exhibit – just like other ANN models based on synaptic weights – generalization and noise tolerance.
In order to train the discriminator one has to set all RAM memory locations to 0 and choose a training set formed by binary patterns of X⋅n bits. For each training pattern, a 1 is stored in the memory location of each RAM addressed by this input pattern. Once the training of patterns is completed, RAM memory contents will be set to a certain number of 0’s and 1’s.
The information stored by the RAM during the training phase is used to deal with previous unseen patterns. When one of these is given as input, the RAM memory contents addressed by the input pattern are read and summed by Σ. The number thus obtained, which is called the discriminator response, is equal to the number of RAMs that output 1. r reaches the maximum if the input belongs to the training set. is equal to 0 if no n-bit component of the input pattern appears in the training set (not a single RAM outputs 1). Intermediate values of r express a kind of “similarity measure” of the input pattern with respect to the patterns in the training set.
A system formed by various RAM-discriminators is called WiSARD. Each RAM-discriminator is trained on a particular class of patterns, and classification by the multi-discriminator system is performed in the following way. When a pattern is given as input, each RAM-discriminator gives a response to that input. The various responses are evaluated by an algorithm which compares them and computes the relative confidence of the highest response (e.g., the difference d between the highest response and the second highest response, divided by the highest response). A schematic representation of a RAM-discriminator and a 10 RAM-discriminator WiSARD is shown in Figure 1.
See also
Artificial Neural Network
Kronecker delta
Pattern Recognition
Unsupervised learning
Erlang distribution
Machine learning
Erlang (unit)
References
Michal Morciniec and Richard Rohwer(1995) "The n-tuple Classifier: Too Good to Ignore"
(This book focuses on unsupervised learning in neural networks)
A brief introduction to Weightless NeuralSystems (2009)
Further reading
An introductory tutorial to classifiers (introducing the basic terms, with numeric example)
Unsupervised learning |
Ann Willcox Seidman (30 April 1926 – 13 August 2019) was an American economist, active in African liberation struggles, and a writer and university professor.
Background
Ann Willcox Seidman was raised in New York city - her parents were engineer Henry Willcox and the feminist artist Anita Parkhurst Willcox. Both were later victims of McCarthy era censorship. She held a BA (Smith College, 1947), MS in Economics (Columbia University, 1953), and a PhD in Economics (University of Wisconsin, 1968) that was supervised by Kenneth H. Parsons (Ghana’s Development Experience 1951-1966).
Between 1958 and 1962 she was lecturer in Economics at Bridgeport University. She began lecturing in the Department of Economics at the University of Ghana in 1962 with her husband, legal scholar Robert B. Seidman, who had tired of legal practice in the US. She was an advisor to Ghana's first president, President Kwame Nkrumah on an economic theory and strategy, attending the second Pan-Africanist Conference in Cairo in 1964 and the third in Accra in 1965. She traveled widely in West Africa, across the former British and French colonies. After the 1966 coup against Nkrumah, she and her family were deported, and worked in Lagos, Nigeria.
After completing her PhD and moving around Africa with her husband, she was variously lecturer in Economics at the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania (1968–1970), was head of the Department of Economics at the University of Lusaka in Zambia (1972–1974), and was later Head of Department at the University of Zimbabwe (1980-1983). In 1995 she was Distinguished Visiting Professor at the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa.
In the 1970s, she successfully sued Brown University for discrimination after it reversed a decision to offer her a named Chair and Professorship. She refused to work there and never secured a permanent post in the US. Based from Boston, she taught classes for many years at Clark University and was affiliated to Boston University as Adjunct Professor. She was a Fulbright Professor at Peking University in Beijing, 1988–1989.
Expertise
Seidman published in law and development, planning policy, and dependency theory. Trained in neoclassical economics, her work soon became rooted in political economy. Her work in Ghana in the 1960s, published in 1968 with Reginald Green as Unity or Poverty? The Economics of Pan-Africanism was a call to re-order African economies under political and economic unification: they were "trying to create a new theory of market integration and a series of policy measures which truly reflected the characteristics and the needs of the African continent, and at the same time could support Nkrumah’s call for continental planning and political union" (Gerardo Serra, 2014)
The focus of her work shifted to the use of democratic legislative tools as part of successful economic and political integration for developing countries. She advocated the use of law to construct institutional change that could redress embedded socio-economic inequalities. She and her husband founded the International Consortium for Law and Development (ICLAD) in 2004. They taught short courses in law and development and legislative drafting around the world. They helped draft constitutions for Namibia, Somalia, Iraq, and Afghanistan.
Personal life
Ann Seidman married Robert B. Seidman just after the Second World War, and they were together for around 70 years. He was latterly Emeritus Professor in the Boston University School of Law, where he taught from 1974 to 2013. Ann and Bob Seidman had five children, some of whom are also academics and with whom they have co-published: Jonathan Seidman (professor of genetics), Judy Seidman (artist and activist), Katha Seidman, Gay Seidman (sociology professor) and Neva Seidman Makgetla (economist and activist).
The Seidmans were among several families, including Ann's parents Anita and Henry Willcox, who established one of the first interracial planned communities on the East Coast of the US, at Village Creek in Norwalk, Connecticut in the 1950s, and some of their children were born there. Village Creek exists to this day.
Recognition
President of the African Studies Association, 1990
Festschrift volume: Robert Mazur (ed.). 1991. Breaking the Links: Development Theory and Practice in Southern Africa: A Festschrift for Ann W. Seidman. African World Press.
Publications
Green, R.H. and A. Seidman. 1968. Unity or Poverty? The Economics of Pan-Africanism. London: Penguin.
Seidman, A. 1972. An Economics Textbook for Africa. London: Methuen.
Seidman, A. 1972. Comparative development strategies in East Africa. East African Publishing House.
Seidman, A. 1974. Planning for development in sub-Saharan Africa. Praeger.
Seidman, A. (ed.) 1975. Natural resources and national welfare: The case of copper. Praeger.
Seidman, A. and N. Seidman. 1978. South Africa and U.S. Multinational Corporations. Lawrence Hill.
Seidman, A. 1978. Ghana's development experience. East African Publishing House.
Seidman, A. (ed.). 1978. Working women : a study of women in paid jobs. Westview Press.
Seidman A. and N. [Seidman] Makgetla. 1980. Outposts of monopoly capitalism: Southern Africa in the changing global economy. Lawrence Hill.
Seidman, A. 1985. The roots of crisis in southern Africa. Africa World Press.
Seidman A. 1986. Money, banking, and public finance in Africa. Zed.
Kalyalya D., K. Mhlanga, A. Seidman and J. Semboja (Eds.) 1987. Aid & Development in Southern Africa: Evaluating a Participatory Learning Process. Africa World Press.
Seidman, A. 1990. Apartheid, Militarism and the U.S. Southeast. Africa World Press.
Seidman A., and R.E. Mazur (eds.). 1990. Breaking the Links: Development Theory and Practice in Southern Africa. Africa World Press.
Seidman, A., K. Mwanza, N. Simelane and D. Weiner (eds.) 1992. Transforming Southern African Agriculture. Africa World Press.
Seidman, A. and R.B. Seidman. 1994. State and Law in the Development Process: Problem-Solving and Institutional Change in the Third World. Palgrave Macmillan.
Seidman, R.B., A. Seidman and J. Payne. 1997. Legislative Drafting for Market Reform: Some Lessons from China. St. Martin's Press.
Seidman, A., R.B. Seidman and T.W. Walde (eds.) 1999. Making Development Work: Legislative Reform for Institutional Transformation and Good Governance. Kluwer Law International.
Seidman, A., R.B. Seidman and N. Abeyesekera. 2001. Legislative Drafting for Democratic Social Change: A Manual for Drafters. The Hague: Kluwer Law International. [translated into ten languages]
Seidman A., R.B. Seidman, P. Mbana and H.H. Li (eds.). 2006. Africa's Challenge: Using Law for Good Governance And Development. Africa World Press.
The Seidman Research Papers, numbering in the hundreds, are archived at Boston University.
References
1926 births
2019 deaths
American women economists
Clark University faculty
Boston University faculty
Boston University School of Law faculty
21st-century American women
Presidents of the African Studies Association |
Fort Shaw is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cascade County, Montana, United States. The population was 280 at the 2010 census. Named for a former United States military outpost, it is part of the Great Falls, Montana Metropolitan Statistical Area.
First called Camp Reynolds, Fort Shaw is named for Col. Robert G. Shaw of Boston, the first white officer to lead a unit of the United States Colored Troops in the American Civil War. The U.S. government established this fort on the Mullan Road in 1867. A community developed around it.
Geography
Fort Shaw is located at (47.504313, -111.811348). It is situated on Montana Highway 200. The Sun River flows north of town.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 274 people, 101 households, and 73 families residing in the CDP. The population density was . There were 115 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.81% White, 0.73% Native American, and 1.46% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.46% of the population.
There were 101 households, out of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.4% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.7% were non-families. 25.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.32.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 29.6% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.3 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $36,250, and the median income for a family was $45,357. Males had a median income of $34,688 versus $16,250 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,381. About 7.4% of families and 9.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.5% of those under the age of eighteen and 6.3% of those 65 or over.
Education
Fort Shaw is part of the Sun River Valley School District. Fort Shaw Elementary School is located in town. Sun River Middle School and Simms High School are located in Simms.
References
Census-designated places in Cascade County, Montana
Census-designated places in Montana |
```go
// Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
// source: io/prometheus/client/metrics.proto
package io_prometheus_client
import (
fmt "fmt"
proto "github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
timestamp "github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/timestamp"
math "math"
)
// Reference imports to suppress errors if they are not otherwise used.
var _ = proto.Marshal
var _ = fmt.Errorf
var _ = math.Inf
// This is a compile-time assertion to ensure that this generated file
// is compatible with the proto package it is being compiled against.
// A compilation error at this line likely means your copy of the
// proto package needs to be updated.
const _ = proto.ProtoPackageIsVersion3 // please upgrade the proto package
type MetricType int32
const (
// COUNTER must use the Metric field "counter".
MetricType_COUNTER MetricType = 0
// GAUGE must use the Metric field "gauge".
MetricType_GAUGE MetricType = 1
// SUMMARY must use the Metric field "summary".
MetricType_SUMMARY MetricType = 2
// UNTYPED must use the Metric field "untyped".
MetricType_UNTYPED MetricType = 3
// HISTOGRAM must use the Metric field "histogram".
MetricType_HISTOGRAM MetricType = 4
// GAUGE_HISTOGRAM must use the Metric field "histogram".
MetricType_GAUGE_HISTOGRAM MetricType = 5
)
var MetricType_name = map[int32]string{
0: "COUNTER",
1: "GAUGE",
2: "SUMMARY",
3: "UNTYPED",
4: "HISTOGRAM",
5: "GAUGE_HISTOGRAM",
}
var MetricType_value = map[string]int32{
"COUNTER": 0,
"GAUGE": 1,
"SUMMARY": 2,
"UNTYPED": 3,
"HISTOGRAM": 4,
"GAUGE_HISTOGRAM": 5,
}
func (x MetricType) Enum() *MetricType {
p := new(MetricType)
*p = x
return p
}
func (x MetricType) String() string {
return proto.EnumName(MetricType_name, int32(x))
}
func (x *MetricType) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
value, err := proto.UnmarshalJSONEnum(MetricType_value, data, "MetricType")
if err != nil {
return err
}
*x = MetricType(value)
return nil
}
func (MetricType) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
return fileDescriptor_d1e5ddb18987a258, []int{0}
}
type LabelPair struct {
Name *string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=name" json:"name,omitempty"`
Value *string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=value" json:"value,omitempty"`
XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{} `json:"-"`
XXX_unrecognized []byte `json:"-"`
XXX_sizecache int32 `json:"-"`
}
func (m *LabelPair) Reset() { *m = LabelPair{} }
func (m *LabelPair) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
func (*LabelPair) ProtoMessage() {}
func (*LabelPair) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
return fileDescriptor_d1e5ddb18987a258, []int{0}
}
func (m *LabelPair) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
return xxx_messageInfo_LabelPair.Unmarshal(m, b)
}
func (m *LabelPair) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
return xxx_messageInfo_LabelPair.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
}
func (m *LabelPair) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
xxx_messageInfo_LabelPair.Merge(m, src)
}
func (m *LabelPair) XXX_Size() int {
return xxx_messageInfo_LabelPair.Size(m)
}
func (m *LabelPair) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
xxx_messageInfo_LabelPair.DiscardUnknown(m)
}
var xxx_messageInfo_LabelPair proto.InternalMessageInfo
func (m *LabelPair) GetName() string {
if m != nil && m.Name != nil {
return *m.Name
}
return ""
}
func (m *LabelPair) GetValue() string {
if m != nil && m.Value != nil {
return *m.Value
}
return ""
}
type Gauge struct {
Value *float64 `protobuf:"fixed64,1,opt,name=value" json:"value,omitempty"`
XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{} `json:"-"`
XXX_unrecognized []byte `json:"-"`
XXX_sizecache int32 `json:"-"`
}
func (m *Gauge) Reset() { *m = Gauge{} }
func (m *Gauge) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
func (*Gauge) ProtoMessage() {}
func (*Gauge) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
return fileDescriptor_d1e5ddb18987a258, []int{1}
}
func (m *Gauge) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
return xxx_messageInfo_Gauge.Unmarshal(m, b)
}
func (m *Gauge) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
return xxx_messageInfo_Gauge.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
}
func (m *Gauge) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
xxx_messageInfo_Gauge.Merge(m, src)
}
func (m *Gauge) XXX_Size() int {
return xxx_messageInfo_Gauge.Size(m)
}
func (m *Gauge) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
xxx_messageInfo_Gauge.DiscardUnknown(m)
}
var xxx_messageInfo_Gauge proto.InternalMessageInfo
func (m *Gauge) GetValue() float64 {
if m != nil && m.Value != nil {
return *m.Value
}
return 0
}
type Counter struct {
Value *float64 `protobuf:"fixed64,1,opt,name=value" json:"value,omitempty"`
Exemplar *Exemplar `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=exemplar" json:"exemplar,omitempty"`
XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{} `json:"-"`
XXX_unrecognized []byte `json:"-"`
XXX_sizecache int32 `json:"-"`
}
func (m *Counter) Reset() { *m = Counter{} }
func (m *Counter) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
func (*Counter) ProtoMessage() {}
func (*Counter) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
return fileDescriptor_d1e5ddb18987a258, []int{2}
}
func (m *Counter) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
return xxx_messageInfo_Counter.Unmarshal(m, b)
}
func (m *Counter) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
return xxx_messageInfo_Counter.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
}
func (m *Counter) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
xxx_messageInfo_Counter.Merge(m, src)
}
func (m *Counter) XXX_Size() int {
return xxx_messageInfo_Counter.Size(m)
}
func (m *Counter) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
xxx_messageInfo_Counter.DiscardUnknown(m)
}
var xxx_messageInfo_Counter proto.InternalMessageInfo
func (m *Counter) GetValue() float64 {
if m != nil && m.Value != nil {
return *m.Value
}
return 0
}
func (m *Counter) GetExemplar() *Exemplar {
if m != nil {
return m.Exemplar
}
return nil
}
type Quantile struct {
Quantile *float64 `protobuf:"fixed64,1,opt,name=quantile" json:"quantile,omitempty"`
Value *float64 `protobuf:"fixed64,2,opt,name=value" json:"value,omitempty"`
XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{} `json:"-"`
XXX_unrecognized []byte `json:"-"`
XXX_sizecache int32 `json:"-"`
}
func (m *Quantile) Reset() { *m = Quantile{} }
func (m *Quantile) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
func (*Quantile) ProtoMessage() {}
func (*Quantile) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
return fileDescriptor_d1e5ddb18987a258, []int{3}
}
func (m *Quantile) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
return xxx_messageInfo_Quantile.Unmarshal(m, b)
}
func (m *Quantile) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
return xxx_messageInfo_Quantile.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
}
func (m *Quantile) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
xxx_messageInfo_Quantile.Merge(m, src)
}
func (m *Quantile) XXX_Size() int {
return xxx_messageInfo_Quantile.Size(m)
}
func (m *Quantile) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
xxx_messageInfo_Quantile.DiscardUnknown(m)
}
var xxx_messageInfo_Quantile proto.InternalMessageInfo
func (m *Quantile) GetQuantile() float64 {
if m != nil && m.Quantile != nil {
return *m.Quantile
}
return 0
}
func (m *Quantile) GetValue() float64 {
if m != nil && m.Value != nil {
return *m.Value
}
return 0
}
type Summary struct {
SampleCount *uint64 `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=sample_count,json=sampleCount" json:"sample_count,omitempty"`
SampleSum *float64 `protobuf:"fixed64,2,opt,name=sample_sum,json=sampleSum" json:"sample_sum,omitempty"`
Quantile []*Quantile `protobuf:"bytes,3,rep,name=quantile" json:"quantile,omitempty"`
XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{} `json:"-"`
XXX_unrecognized []byte `json:"-"`
XXX_sizecache int32 `json:"-"`
}
func (m *Summary) Reset() { *m = Summary{} }
func (m *Summary) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
func (*Summary) ProtoMessage() {}
func (*Summary) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
return fileDescriptor_d1e5ddb18987a258, []int{4}
}
func (m *Summary) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
return xxx_messageInfo_Summary.Unmarshal(m, b)
}
func (m *Summary) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
return xxx_messageInfo_Summary.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
}
func (m *Summary) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
xxx_messageInfo_Summary.Merge(m, src)
}
func (m *Summary) XXX_Size() int {
return xxx_messageInfo_Summary.Size(m)
}
func (m *Summary) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
xxx_messageInfo_Summary.DiscardUnknown(m)
}
var xxx_messageInfo_Summary proto.InternalMessageInfo
func (m *Summary) GetSampleCount() uint64 {
if m != nil && m.SampleCount != nil {
return *m.SampleCount
}
return 0
}
func (m *Summary) GetSampleSum() float64 {
if m != nil && m.SampleSum != nil {
return *m.SampleSum
}
return 0
}
func (m *Summary) GetQuantile() []*Quantile {
if m != nil {
return m.Quantile
}
return nil
}
type Untyped struct {
Value *float64 `protobuf:"fixed64,1,opt,name=value" json:"value,omitempty"`
XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{} `json:"-"`
XXX_unrecognized []byte `json:"-"`
XXX_sizecache int32 `json:"-"`
}
func (m *Untyped) Reset() { *m = Untyped{} }
func (m *Untyped) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
func (*Untyped) ProtoMessage() {}
func (*Untyped) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
return fileDescriptor_d1e5ddb18987a258, []int{5}
}
func (m *Untyped) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
return xxx_messageInfo_Untyped.Unmarshal(m, b)
}
func (m *Untyped) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
return xxx_messageInfo_Untyped.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
}
func (m *Untyped) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
xxx_messageInfo_Untyped.Merge(m, src)
}
func (m *Untyped) XXX_Size() int {
return xxx_messageInfo_Untyped.Size(m)
}
func (m *Untyped) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
xxx_messageInfo_Untyped.DiscardUnknown(m)
}
var xxx_messageInfo_Untyped proto.InternalMessageInfo
func (m *Untyped) GetValue() float64 {
if m != nil && m.Value != nil {
return *m.Value
}
return 0
}
type Histogram struct {
SampleCount *uint64 `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=sample_count,json=sampleCount" json:"sample_count,omitempty"`
SampleCountFloat *float64 `protobuf:"fixed64,4,opt,name=sample_count_float,json=sampleCountFloat" json:"sample_count_float,omitempty"`
SampleSum *float64 `protobuf:"fixed64,2,opt,name=sample_sum,json=sampleSum" json:"sample_sum,omitempty"`
// Buckets for the conventional histogram.
Bucket []*Bucket `protobuf:"bytes,3,rep,name=bucket" json:"bucket,omitempty"`
// schema defines the bucket schema. Currently, valid numbers are -4 <= n <= 8.
// They are all for base-2 bucket schemas, where 1 is a bucket boundary in each case, and
// then each power of two is divided into 2^n logarithmic buckets.
// Or in other words, each bucket boundary is the previous boundary times 2^(2^-n).
// In the future, more bucket schemas may be added using numbers < -4 or > 8.
Schema *int32 `protobuf:"zigzag32,5,opt,name=schema" json:"schema,omitempty"`
ZeroThreshold *float64 `protobuf:"fixed64,6,opt,name=zero_threshold,json=zeroThreshold" json:"zero_threshold,omitempty"`
ZeroCount *uint64 `protobuf:"varint,7,opt,name=zero_count,json=zeroCount" json:"zero_count,omitempty"`
ZeroCountFloat *float64 `protobuf:"fixed64,8,opt,name=zero_count_float,json=zeroCountFloat" json:"zero_count_float,omitempty"`
// Negative buckets for the native histogram.
NegativeSpan []*BucketSpan `protobuf:"bytes,9,rep,name=negative_span,json=negativeSpan" json:"negative_span,omitempty"`
// Use either "negative_delta" or "negative_count", the former for
// regular histograms with integer counts, the latter for float
// histograms.
NegativeDelta []int64 `protobuf:"zigzag64,10,rep,name=negative_delta,json=negativeDelta" json:"negative_delta,omitempty"`
NegativeCount []float64 `protobuf:"fixed64,11,rep,name=negative_count,json=negativeCount" json:"negative_count,omitempty"`
// Positive buckets for the native histogram.
PositiveSpan []*BucketSpan `protobuf:"bytes,12,rep,name=positive_span,json=positiveSpan" json:"positive_span,omitempty"`
// Use either "positive_delta" or "positive_count", the former for
// regular histograms with integer counts, the latter for float
// histograms.
PositiveDelta []int64 `protobuf:"zigzag64,13,rep,name=positive_delta,json=positiveDelta" json:"positive_delta,omitempty"`
PositiveCount []float64 `protobuf:"fixed64,14,rep,name=positive_count,json=positiveCount" json:"positive_count,omitempty"`
XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{} `json:"-"`
XXX_unrecognized []byte `json:"-"`
XXX_sizecache int32 `json:"-"`
}
func (m *Histogram) Reset() { *m = Histogram{} }
func (m *Histogram) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
func (*Histogram) ProtoMessage() {}
func (*Histogram) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
return fileDescriptor_d1e5ddb18987a258, []int{6}
}
func (m *Histogram) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
return xxx_messageInfo_Histogram.Unmarshal(m, b)
}
func (m *Histogram) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
return xxx_messageInfo_Histogram.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
}
func (m *Histogram) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
xxx_messageInfo_Histogram.Merge(m, src)
}
func (m *Histogram) XXX_Size() int {
return xxx_messageInfo_Histogram.Size(m)
}
func (m *Histogram) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
xxx_messageInfo_Histogram.DiscardUnknown(m)
}
var xxx_messageInfo_Histogram proto.InternalMessageInfo
func (m *Histogram) GetSampleCount() uint64 {
if m != nil && m.SampleCount != nil {
return *m.SampleCount
}
return 0
}
func (m *Histogram) GetSampleCountFloat() float64 {
if m != nil && m.SampleCountFloat != nil {
return *m.SampleCountFloat
}
return 0
}
func (m *Histogram) GetSampleSum() float64 {
if m != nil && m.SampleSum != nil {
return *m.SampleSum
}
return 0
}
func (m *Histogram) GetBucket() []*Bucket {
if m != nil {
return m.Bucket
}
return nil
}
func (m *Histogram) GetSchema() int32 {
if m != nil && m.Schema != nil {
return *m.Schema
}
return 0
}
func (m *Histogram) GetZeroThreshold() float64 {
if m != nil && m.ZeroThreshold != nil {
return *m.ZeroThreshold
}
return 0
}
func (m *Histogram) GetZeroCount() uint64 {
if m != nil && m.ZeroCount != nil {
return *m.ZeroCount
}
return 0
}
func (m *Histogram) GetZeroCountFloat() float64 {
if m != nil && m.ZeroCountFloat != nil {
return *m.ZeroCountFloat
}
return 0
}
func (m *Histogram) GetNegativeSpan() []*BucketSpan {
if m != nil {
return m.NegativeSpan
}
return nil
}
func (m *Histogram) GetNegativeDelta() []int64 {
if m != nil {
return m.NegativeDelta
}
return nil
}
func (m *Histogram) GetNegativeCount() []float64 {
if m != nil {
return m.NegativeCount
}
return nil
}
func (m *Histogram) GetPositiveSpan() []*BucketSpan {
if m != nil {
return m.PositiveSpan
}
return nil
}
func (m *Histogram) GetPositiveDelta() []int64 {
if m != nil {
return m.PositiveDelta
}
return nil
}
func (m *Histogram) GetPositiveCount() []float64 {
if m != nil {
return m.PositiveCount
}
return nil
}
// A Bucket of a conventional histogram, each of which is treated as
// an individual counter-like time series by Prometheus.
type Bucket struct {
CumulativeCount *uint64 `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=cumulative_count,json=cumulativeCount" json:"cumulative_count,omitempty"`
CumulativeCountFloat *float64 `protobuf:"fixed64,4,opt,name=cumulative_count_float,json=cumulativeCountFloat" json:"cumulative_count_float,omitempty"`
UpperBound *float64 `protobuf:"fixed64,2,opt,name=upper_bound,json=upperBound" json:"upper_bound,omitempty"`
Exemplar *Exemplar `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=exemplar" json:"exemplar,omitempty"`
XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{} `json:"-"`
XXX_unrecognized []byte `json:"-"`
XXX_sizecache int32 `json:"-"`
}
func (m *Bucket) Reset() { *m = Bucket{} }
func (m *Bucket) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
func (*Bucket) ProtoMessage() {}
func (*Bucket) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
return fileDescriptor_d1e5ddb18987a258, []int{7}
}
func (m *Bucket) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
return xxx_messageInfo_Bucket.Unmarshal(m, b)
}
func (m *Bucket) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
return xxx_messageInfo_Bucket.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
}
func (m *Bucket) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
xxx_messageInfo_Bucket.Merge(m, src)
}
func (m *Bucket) XXX_Size() int {
return xxx_messageInfo_Bucket.Size(m)
}
func (m *Bucket) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
xxx_messageInfo_Bucket.DiscardUnknown(m)
}
var xxx_messageInfo_Bucket proto.InternalMessageInfo
func (m *Bucket) GetCumulativeCount() uint64 {
if m != nil && m.CumulativeCount != nil {
return *m.CumulativeCount
}
return 0
}
func (m *Bucket) GetCumulativeCountFloat() float64 {
if m != nil && m.CumulativeCountFloat != nil {
return *m.CumulativeCountFloat
}
return 0
}
func (m *Bucket) GetUpperBound() float64 {
if m != nil && m.UpperBound != nil {
return *m.UpperBound
}
return 0
}
func (m *Bucket) GetExemplar() *Exemplar {
if m != nil {
return m.Exemplar
}
return nil
}
// A BucketSpan defines a number of consecutive buckets in a native
// histogram with their offset. Logically, it would be more
// straightforward to include the bucket counts in the Span. However,
// the protobuf representation is more compact in the way the data is
// structured here (with all the buckets in a single array separate
// from the Spans).
type BucketSpan struct {
Offset *int32 `protobuf:"zigzag32,1,opt,name=offset" json:"offset,omitempty"`
Length *uint32 `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=length" json:"length,omitempty"`
XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{} `json:"-"`
XXX_unrecognized []byte `json:"-"`
XXX_sizecache int32 `json:"-"`
}
func (m *BucketSpan) Reset() { *m = BucketSpan{} }
func (m *BucketSpan) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
func (*BucketSpan) ProtoMessage() {}
func (*BucketSpan) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
return fileDescriptor_d1e5ddb18987a258, []int{8}
}
func (m *BucketSpan) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
return xxx_messageInfo_BucketSpan.Unmarshal(m, b)
}
func (m *BucketSpan) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
return xxx_messageInfo_BucketSpan.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
}
func (m *BucketSpan) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
xxx_messageInfo_BucketSpan.Merge(m, src)
}
func (m *BucketSpan) XXX_Size() int {
return xxx_messageInfo_BucketSpan.Size(m)
}
func (m *BucketSpan) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
xxx_messageInfo_BucketSpan.DiscardUnknown(m)
}
var xxx_messageInfo_BucketSpan proto.InternalMessageInfo
func (m *BucketSpan) GetOffset() int32 {
if m != nil && m.Offset != nil {
return *m.Offset
}
return 0
}
func (m *BucketSpan) GetLength() uint32 {
if m != nil && m.Length != nil {
return *m.Length
}
return 0
}
type Exemplar struct {
Label []*LabelPair `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=label" json:"label,omitempty"`
Value *float64 `protobuf:"fixed64,2,opt,name=value" json:"value,omitempty"`
Timestamp *timestamp.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=timestamp" json:"timestamp,omitempty"`
XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{} `json:"-"`
XXX_unrecognized []byte `json:"-"`
XXX_sizecache int32 `json:"-"`
}
func (m *Exemplar) Reset() { *m = Exemplar{} }
func (m *Exemplar) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
func (*Exemplar) ProtoMessage() {}
func (*Exemplar) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
return fileDescriptor_d1e5ddb18987a258, []int{9}
}
func (m *Exemplar) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
return xxx_messageInfo_Exemplar.Unmarshal(m, b)
}
func (m *Exemplar) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
return xxx_messageInfo_Exemplar.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
}
func (m *Exemplar) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
xxx_messageInfo_Exemplar.Merge(m, src)
}
func (m *Exemplar) XXX_Size() int {
return xxx_messageInfo_Exemplar.Size(m)
}
func (m *Exemplar) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
xxx_messageInfo_Exemplar.DiscardUnknown(m)
}
var xxx_messageInfo_Exemplar proto.InternalMessageInfo
func (m *Exemplar) GetLabel() []*LabelPair {
if m != nil {
return m.Label
}
return nil
}
func (m *Exemplar) GetValue() float64 {
if m != nil && m.Value != nil {
return *m.Value
}
return 0
}
func (m *Exemplar) GetTimestamp() *timestamp.Timestamp {
if m != nil {
return m.Timestamp
}
return nil
}
type Metric struct {
Label []*LabelPair `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=label" json:"label,omitempty"`
Gauge *Gauge `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=gauge" json:"gauge,omitempty"`
Counter *Counter `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=counter" json:"counter,omitempty"`
Summary *Summary `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=summary" json:"summary,omitempty"`
Untyped *Untyped `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=untyped" json:"untyped,omitempty"`
Histogram *Histogram `protobuf:"bytes,7,opt,name=histogram" json:"histogram,omitempty"`
TimestampMs *int64 `protobuf:"varint,6,opt,name=timestamp_ms,json=timestampMs" json:"timestamp_ms,omitempty"`
XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{} `json:"-"`
XXX_unrecognized []byte `json:"-"`
XXX_sizecache int32 `json:"-"`
}
func (m *Metric) Reset() { *m = Metric{} }
func (m *Metric) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
func (*Metric) ProtoMessage() {}
func (*Metric) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
return fileDescriptor_d1e5ddb18987a258, []int{10}
}
func (m *Metric) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
return xxx_messageInfo_Metric.Unmarshal(m, b)
}
func (m *Metric) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
return xxx_messageInfo_Metric.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
}
func (m *Metric) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
xxx_messageInfo_Metric.Merge(m, src)
}
func (m *Metric) XXX_Size() int {
return xxx_messageInfo_Metric.Size(m)
}
func (m *Metric) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
xxx_messageInfo_Metric.DiscardUnknown(m)
}
var xxx_messageInfo_Metric proto.InternalMessageInfo
func (m *Metric) GetLabel() []*LabelPair {
if m != nil {
return m.Label
}
return nil
}
func (m *Metric) GetGauge() *Gauge {
if m != nil {
return m.Gauge
}
return nil
}
func (m *Metric) GetCounter() *Counter {
if m != nil {
return m.Counter
}
return nil
}
func (m *Metric) GetSummary() *Summary {
if m != nil {
return m.Summary
}
return nil
}
func (m *Metric) GetUntyped() *Untyped {
if m != nil {
return m.Untyped
}
return nil
}
func (m *Metric) GetHistogram() *Histogram {
if m != nil {
return m.Histogram
}
return nil
}
func (m *Metric) GetTimestampMs() int64 {
if m != nil && m.TimestampMs != nil {
return *m.TimestampMs
}
return 0
}
type MetricFamily struct {
Name *string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=name" json:"name,omitempty"`
Help *string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=help" json:"help,omitempty"`
Type *MetricType `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=type,enum=io.prometheus.client.MetricType" json:"type,omitempty"`
Metric []*Metric `protobuf:"bytes,4,rep,name=metric" json:"metric,omitempty"`
XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{} `json:"-"`
XXX_unrecognized []byte `json:"-"`
XXX_sizecache int32 `json:"-"`
}
func (m *MetricFamily) Reset() { *m = MetricFamily{} }
func (m *MetricFamily) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
func (*MetricFamily) ProtoMessage() {}
func (*MetricFamily) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
return fileDescriptor_d1e5ddb18987a258, []int{11}
}
func (m *MetricFamily) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
return xxx_messageInfo_MetricFamily.Unmarshal(m, b)
}
func (m *MetricFamily) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
return xxx_messageInfo_MetricFamily.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
}
func (m *MetricFamily) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
xxx_messageInfo_MetricFamily.Merge(m, src)
}
func (m *MetricFamily) XXX_Size() int {
return xxx_messageInfo_MetricFamily.Size(m)
}
func (m *MetricFamily) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
xxx_messageInfo_MetricFamily.DiscardUnknown(m)
}
var xxx_messageInfo_MetricFamily proto.InternalMessageInfo
func (m *MetricFamily) GetName() string {
if m != nil && m.Name != nil {
return *m.Name
}
return ""
}
func (m *MetricFamily) GetHelp() string {
if m != nil && m.Help != nil {
return *m.Help
}
return ""
}
func (m *MetricFamily) GetType() MetricType {
if m != nil && m.Type != nil {
return *m.Type
}
return MetricType_COUNTER
}
func (m *MetricFamily) GetMetric() []*Metric {
if m != nil {
return m.Metric
}
return nil
}
func init() {
proto.RegisterEnum("io.prometheus.client.MetricType", MetricType_name, MetricType_value)
proto.RegisterType((*LabelPair)(nil), "io.prometheus.client.LabelPair")
proto.RegisterType((*Gauge)(nil), "io.prometheus.client.Gauge")
proto.RegisterType((*Counter)(nil), "io.prometheus.client.Counter")
proto.RegisterType((*Quantile)(nil), "io.prometheus.client.Quantile")
proto.RegisterType((*Summary)(nil), "io.prometheus.client.Summary")
proto.RegisterType((*Untyped)(nil), "io.prometheus.client.Untyped")
proto.RegisterType((*Histogram)(nil), "io.prometheus.client.Histogram")
proto.RegisterType((*Bucket)(nil), "io.prometheus.client.Bucket")
proto.RegisterType((*BucketSpan)(nil), "io.prometheus.client.BucketSpan")
proto.RegisterType((*Exemplar)(nil), "io.prometheus.client.Exemplar")
proto.RegisterType((*Metric)(nil), "io.prometheus.client.Metric")
proto.RegisterType((*MetricFamily)(nil), "io.prometheus.client.MetricFamily")
}
func init() {
proto.RegisterFile("io/prometheus/client/metrics.proto", fileDescriptor_d1e5ddb18987a258)
}
var fileDescriptor_d1e5ddb18987a258 = []byte{
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}
``` |
Aleksandr Emmanuilovich Nudelman (; 21 August 1912 – 2 August 1996) was a Soviet weapon designer and researcher. Numerous weapon systems were created under his direction. Nudelman made special contributions to the development of aircraft-mounted weapons as well as unguided rockets and anti-tank guided missiles. He was awarded the Hero of Socialist Labour twice.
Life and career
Nudelman was born in Odesa to a Jewish model carpenter, Emmanuil Abramovich Nudelman (1877–1945), head of a local mechanical shop, and Ester Isaakovna Nudelman (née Steinman, 1879–1960). After graduating from technical college in 1929, he worked in the designer's office and at the Odessa Industrial Institute/Odessa Polytechnic Institute, then at the OKB-16 design bureau under Yakov Taubin. He became director and main designer of the OKB in 1942, consultant to the Ministry of Corporate Defense of the USSR in 1987, and research consultant in KB Tochmash in 1991. In 1962, he defended his thesis in which he developed principles of construction of, and design solutions to, a new generation of autocannons.
Nudelman closely worked with Professor Leonid Linnik, head of the laboratory of optical quantum generators of the Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy, where experimental and clinical approbation of the first laser devices of the USSR, developed at OKB-16, took place. With the collaboration, the first medical laser treatment was carried out by Linnik in 1963.
After retiring in 1987, Nudelman continued to work as a consultant to KB Tochmash, becoming a consultant to the Ministry of Corporate Defense of the USSR at that time.
Nudelman worked and lived in Moscow until his death, and was buried with military honours in the Kuntsevo Cemetery.
Some weapons Nudelman designed include the NS-37, NS-23, N-37, NS-45, N-57, NS-76, NR-23, NR-30 autocannons, S-5, S-8, S-25 rockets, the 3M11 Falanga missile and its variants, the 9K112 Kobra, the Strela-1, 9K35 Strela-10, the OK-1 and OK-2 medical lasers, among others.
External links
Борьба за превосходство в воздухе — Журнал «Братишка»
Люди, Конструкторы оружия, НУДЕЛЬМАН Александр Эммануилович
Нудельман Александр Эммануилович
1912 births
1996 deaths
Engineers from Odesa
Odesa National Polytechnic University alumni
Heroes of Socialist Labour
Recipients of the Lenin Prize
Recipients of the Order of Kutuzov, 1st class
Recipients of the Order of Kutuzov, 2nd class
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the October Revolution
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Recipients of the Stalin Prize
Recipients of the USSR State Prize
Firearm designers
Russian inventors
Russian Jews
Russian mechanical engineers
Soviet inventors
Soviet Jews
Soviet mechanical engineers
Weapon designers from the Soviet Union
Weapons scientists and engineers
Burials at Kuntsevo Cemetery |
Maximilian of Bavaria may refer to:
Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria (1573–1651)
Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria (1662–1726)
Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria (1727–1777)
Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria (1756–1825)
Maximilian II of Bavaria (1811–1864)
Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria (1808–1888)
Duke Maximilian Emanuel in Bavaria (1849–1893)
Prince Max, Duke in Bavaria (born 1937) |
Sea Venom is an Anglo-French lightweight anti-ship missile developed by MBDA to equip the French Navy and the Royal Navy. The missile is known as Anti-Navire Léger (ANL) in France and Sea Venom (formerly "Future Anti-Surface Guided Weapon (Heavy)") in the United Kingdom. While initial operating capability had been expected with the Royal Navy in 2022, in 2023 it was reported that, due to "on-going integration challenges", the Royal Navy's Wildcat helicopters would only achieve full operating capability with the missile in 2026. The first test launch, from an AS365 Dauphin helicopter of the French DGA defence procurement agency, was successfully conducted on 21 June 2017.
Design
Sea Venom is designed as a successor to the French Navy's AS 15 TT and Royal Navy's Sea Skua missiles. When in service, Sea Venom will equip Eurocopter Panther and NH90 helicopters in the French Navy and Wildcat helicopters in the Royal Navy. Due to shared characteristics with its predecessors, MBDA claims Sea Venom will be able to readily integrate onto platforms that are already carrying Sea Skua and AS 15 TT.
Much like its predecessors, Sea Venom is designed to attack surface targets, such as fast in-shore attack craft ranging in size of between 50 and 500 tonnes, as well as larger surface targets of up to corvette size. With its 30 kg warhead, the missile is also capable of inflicting significant damage to larger vessels through precision aim point selection, and can also attack static land-based targets. Whilst its precise range is currently unknown, MBDA has stated that the missile has a "long" stand-off range enabling it to be launched from beyond the reach of most modern air defence systems. The missile is capable of several attack modes including sea skimming and "pop up/top attack." Sea Venom uses an infrared seeker with the option of "man in the loop" track-via-missile guidance via data-link; the high speed two-way data-link transmits the images "seen" by the seeker back to the operator, enabling them to remain in control of the missile throughout its flight in addition to having an autonomous engagement capability.
MBDA is also working on a surface-launched variant of the missile.
History
The Royal Navy declared Sea Venom an initial operating capability in May 2021 when it deployed them as part of United Kingdom Carrier Strike Group 21 on its maiden deployment to the Pacific. The missile equipped four Wildcat HMA2 helicopters embarked on the strike group's accompanying destroyers. However, in 2023 it was reported that integration challenges were ongoing and, as a result, full operating capability would be delayed until 2026.
See also
Martlet (missile) - the "Future Anti-Surface Guided Weapon (Light)" equivalent
References
External links
www.defenseindustrydaily.com
www.janes.com - Farnborough 2014
Anti-ship missiles of the United Kingdom
United Kingdom defence procurement
Weapons and ammunition introduced in 2021 |
Barbara Ann Posey Jones (born 1943) is an American economist who was a leader of the 1958 Katz Drug Store sit-in as a high school student. Since 1971, she has been a professor of economics, department head, and Dean at several historically Black Colleges and Universities in the American South. She is a past president of the National Economic Association.
In 2021, she was awarded the Suzan Shown Harjo Systemic Social Justice Award from the National Conference on Race and Ethnicity in Higher Education.
Early life, activism, and education
Jones joined the youth council of the Oklahoma City NAACP at the age of 14, and on a visit to a freedom rally in New York City, ate at a lunch counter for the first time. On her return home, she became one of the spokespeople for the youth Oklahoma lunch counter sit-ins of 1958–1959. The Chi Zeta Chapter of Zeta Phi Zeta Sorority named her "Girl of the Year" of 1958, Datebook magazine published her article, "Why I Sit In" in 1960, and she gave a speech entitled "My America" at the 51st Annual NAACP Convention in June 1960. She graduated from the University of Oklahoma in 1963, and completed a master's degree in economics at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in 1966. There, she met her husband, political scientist Mack Jones, at a 1962 NAACP meeting. She completed a PhD in economics at Georgia State University in 1973.
Economics career
Jones began her career at Texas Southern University and then continued work as an economics professor at Clark College (which became Clark Atlanta University), serving as department chair even before she finished her PhD. She taught there from 1971 to 1987, winning numerous teaching awards. She joined Prairie View A&M as department chair in 1987, quickly becoming Dean of the College of Business from 1989 to 1997. In 1997, she became Dean of the School of Business at Alabama A&M University, where she served as a professor of Economics until her retirement in 2016.
Research publications
Jones, Barbara AP. "Black women and labor force participation: An analysis of sluggish growth rates." The Review of Black Political Economy 14, no. 2-3 (1985): 11–31.
Jones, Barbara Ann Posey. The contributions of Black women to the incomes of Black families: an analysis of the labor force participation rates of Black wives. Georgia State University, 1973.
References
Further reading
Chapter 8 of
American women economists
Labor economists
Living people
Economists from Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma alumni
Georgia State University alumni
African-American economists
1943 births
American academic administrators
African-American academic administrators
African-American women academic administrators
Clark Atlanta University faculty
21st-century African-American academics
Presidents of the National Economic Association
20th-century African-American academics
20th-century African-American women
21st-century African-American women
20th-century American economists
20th-century American academics
21st-century American academics
Women deans (academic)
People from Oklahoma City |
Tasso Adamopoulos (June 1944 – 3 January 2021) was a French violist of Greek origin.
Life and career
Adamopoulos was born in Paris, France. After musical studies in Israel, he became a violist soloist at the Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra at the age of 19. Subsequently, he was successively soloist at the Gulbenkian Orchestra, the Ensemble orchestral de Paris and the Orchestre national de France from 1980 to 1990. From 1990, he was a soloist at the Orchestre National Bordeaux Aquitaine and a member of the Sartory Trio, with Roland Daugareil and Étienne Péclard.
In addition to his concert activity, Adamopoulos taught at the Conservatoire national supérieur de musique et de danse de Lyon and the Conservatoire de Bordeaux where he was responsible for the viola class of the development cycle.
He played a Landolfi viola dated 1755.
Adamopoulos, who had cancer, died on 3 January 2021, in Paris after contracting COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in France.
References
External links
Biography of Tasso Adamopoulos on Hexagone.net
Tasso Adamopoulos on data.bnf.fr
Tasso Adamopoulos on Khloros International Production
Chaconne BACH 4 Violas with Tasso Adamopoulos, Elçim Ozdemir, Stéphane Rougier & Nicolas Mouret
Hommage to Tasso Adamopoulos on French public radio broadcast France Musique
Newspaper article on Portuguese daily newspaper Público
SIC Notícias Portuguese private television channel website on Tasso Adamopoulos' death
Obituary on The Violin Channel
Opéra National de Bordeaux on Tasso Adamopoulos death
1944 births
2021 deaths
French classical violists
Musicians from Paris
French music educators
20th-century French musicians
20th-century French male musicians
20th-century classical musicians
21st-century French musicians
21st-century French male musicians
21st-century classical musicians
French people of Greek descent
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in France
20th-century violists
21st-century violists |
Danau, also spelt Htanaw or Danaw (), is an Austroasiatic language of Myanmar (Burma). It is the most divergent member of the Palaungic branch (Sidwell 2010). According to community estimates (2023), Danau is spoken by about 3,000 people in six villages near Aungban, Kalaw Township, Shan State. Danaw was described as a "critically endangered" language in UNESCO's 2010 Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger.
Name
Danau is the most common English form of the ethnonym; the Danau themselves pronounce the name of their ethnic group and language as . The meaning and origin of the name are unknown. Zaw Lwin Oo (2021:35) states that the endonym kənɒ̀ means 'the people who like to live peacefully' (အေးအေးဆေးဆေး နေတတ်သောလူမျိုး). This etymology of the name is unknown to the native speakers, though, and no related word is found in the present-day language.
Speakers
The Danau are a little known ethnic group in Myanmar. Even in the nearby town of Aungban, it is common for people to confuse this group with the local Danu majority. According to historical accounts, the Danu had served as archers for King Alaungpaya, who founded the Konbaung Dynasty in the 18th century. The Danu settled in the Pindaya region after returning from wars in Thailand, and speak a variant of Burmese that is characterized by minor differences in pronunciation. The Danau, on the other hand speak a completely different Austroasiatic language, which nevertheless has numerous words borrowed from Burmese (and also ultimately from Pali via Burmese).
The Danau live primarily in the villages of Taungpohla, Thaethit, Htinyugon, Chaunggya and Naung In, within a short distance of the towns of Aungban and Heho. As these villages are surrounded by Pa'O villages, Danau people tend to speak Pa'O as well as Burmese (and the Burmese varieties Intha and Taungyoe). In spite of the small size of the Danau-speaking population, the language is vigorous and being taught to children. The current situation is in contrast to the prediction made by the linguist Gordon H. Luce in 1965, when he called Danau a 'dying' language. The Danau people are primarily farmers, growing sesame, turmeric, ginger, chili, groundnut and potato for local consumption and for sale at nearby markets.
Danau (Htanaw) Writing
Danau has no traditional orthography. Speakers use ad-hoc Burmese and Pa'O inspired spelling to represent their language in informal situations, especially on social media and karaoke videos. Since 2020, a systematic way of writing Danau in Burmese script has been developed by members of the language community in cooperation with a team of international linguists. The finalized draft of the new orthography is currently (July 2023) being tested by the speakers. A first primer is expected to be published in 2024.
Grammatical structure
Danau has a basic SVO clause structure, with free omission of known or contextually retrievable elements.The internal structure of phrases is inconsistent in terms of head and dependent arrangements, showing influence from verb-final Tibeto-Burman, especially Burmese, and equally mixed Karenic Pa'O. Grammatical and semantic relations are expressed by both pre- and postpositions, clausal and verbal modifiers (relative clauses and "adjectives") can precede or follow the noun they modify.
The verb phrase in Danau exhibits a complex internal structure, combining prefixes and suffixes. as well as primary and secondary verbs. The latter can occur either before or after the main verb(s), depending on their function. The complete VP pattern is
[PREF1] [PREF2] [V2] [V1] [V2] [SUFF1] [SUFF2]
Only one element can occur in each of the affix slots in a VP, but multiple V1 and V2 are allowed.The main verb (V1) is the only obligatory element in a VP, all other parts are optional. All non-verbal elements, such as nominals and adverbials, occur outside the VP, either on the left or right.
Vocabulary
The basic vocabulary of Danau is clearly Palaungic (Austroasiatic), although the language contains a large number of words that are either borrowed from neighboring languages such as Burmese/Intha, Pa'O, and Shan, or of unknown origin. An online dictionary is currently being compiled and continuously expanded.
Phonology
Danau has a three-way distinction in plosive onsets: voiceless (/k, c, t, p, ʔ/), voiceless-aspirate (/kʰ, cʰ, tʰ, pʰ/) implosive (only /ɗ/ and /ɓ/). Sonorants found in onset position are /ŋ, ɲ, n, m, j, r, l, w/v. Unlike Burmese, Danau does not have voiceless/aspirated sonorants. Fricatives are /s, sʰ, and h/. In coda position, only /ʔ/, /h/, and /ɴ/ are distinguished, although some speakers retain apparently more conservative pronunciations with specified place of articulation (/k, t, p/ and /ŋ, n, m/) in some words. There is much individual variation in words like ʔùɴ 'water', which may be pronounced as ʔùn, ʔũ̀, or ʔùm by different speakers. Onset clusters are frequent, combining stops or fricatives with liquids (j, r, l, w).
Danau has a rich vowel inventory, including monophthongs and diphthongs: i ɪ, ɯ, u, ʊ, e, ɛ, ə, ɔ, o, a, ɐ, ɒ, ai, au, ou, eə. Some vowels occur only in closed syllables, /ə/ is found only in the first (weak) syllable of sesquisyllabic words.
Danau is a tonal language with four tones tones according to some sources, while others, including native speakers, identify three tones. Tones in Danaw not only play a role in the lexicon, but also have grammatical functions. Nothing is known at the present regarding the origin and development of tones in Danau, apart from the fact that they are not inherited from proto-Palaungic. There is no obvious connection between tones and segmental changes in the language (devoicing, loss of finals) as has been described widely in other languages of Southeast and East Asia.
References
Further reading
Aung Si. 2015. Danau. In: The Handbook of Austroasiatic Languages. Mathias Jenny & Paul Sidwell (eds.). Leiden: Brill, 1104-1141.
Luce, Gordon. 1965. Danaw, a dying Austroasiatic language. Lingua 14: 98–129.
Nu Nu Thein. 2005. Study of the Htanaw language. [ထနော့စကားလေ့လာချက်]. PhD Dissertation at Yangon University. Yangon, Myanmar
Shintani, Tadahiko. 2020. The Kanaw (Danaw) language. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 127. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
Zaw Lwin Oo (Hinthata). 2021. Htanaw. [ထနော့]. Yangon: Sape Beikman. (in Burmese)
External links
ELAR archive of Documentation of Danau
Htanaw orthography development and language material at htanawsar.org
Htanaw online dictionary at livingdictionaries.app
Htanaw language recordings and transcripts at SWISSUbase
Htanaw on Youtube
A preliminary documentation of Danau, an endangered language of Myanmar (Burma)
Aung Si. 2014. Documentation of Danau, an endangered language of Myanmar (Burma). Endangered Languages Archive.
Aung Si. 2014. Documenting Bird Names in Danaw. Conference presentation, SEALS 24.
Palaungic languages
Languages of Myanmar |
Botswana competed at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in the Gold Coast, Australia from April 4 to April 15, 2018. It was Botswana's 11th appearance at the Commonwealth Games.
The Botswana team consisted of 27 athletes (16 men and 11 women) that competed in five sports. However, Goitseone Seleka did not compete in any events. The goal for the team was to win eight medals.
Medalists
Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors participating at the Games per sport/discipline.
Athletics
Men
Track & road events
Field events
Women
Track & road events
Boxing
Botswana participated with a team of 4 athletes (1 man and 3 women)
Lawn bowls
Botswana will compete in Lawn bowls.
Men
Women
Swimming
Botswana participated with 1 athlete (1 woman).
Women
Weightlifting
Botswana participated with one athlete (one man).
See also
Botswana at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics
References
Nations at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Botswana at the Commonwealth Games
2018 in Botswana sport |
The Great Salt Pond Archeological District is a historic district in New Shoreham, Rhode Island. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
The Great Salt Pond is a round and almost entirely enclosed body of water separating the north and south regions of Block Island. The pond has a small channel on its north west shore connecting it with Block Island Sound. The opening is artificial and was dug out in 1895 to make a harbor in the south part of the pond.
The shores of the pond have a long history of human use, as the area was one of the primary areas of residence by Native Americans both before and after contact with Europeans. Evidence of occupation dates as far back as the Middle Woodland Period, and includes the site of a palisaded fortification.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington County, Rhode Island
References
New Shoreham, Rhode Island
Historic districts in Washington County, Rhode Island
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Washington County, Rhode Island |
Antonio F. Galassi (or Antoine Galassi) (1845–1904) was an Italian baritone who made his New York City debut at Academy of Music during its 1878–79 season and remained there through 1884. He was considered a great baritone, popular and fiery, right until 1883 when, according to some sources, he lost his voice during performance of I Puritani. Although later on he still performed occasionally (mostly during concerts), even in 1890s, his voice was no longer as great as before.
References
Antoine F. Galassi
Historic Opera
Singers at OperaPronto
1845 births
1904 deaths
Italian operatic baritones
19th-century Italian male opera singers |
Theodora Megale Komnene (), also known as Despina Khatun (; from the Greek title despoina and Turco-Mongol title khatun, both meaning "lady"), was the daughter of John IV of Trebizond and Bagrationi who married the Aq Qoyunlu ruler Uzun Hasan in 1458. She became the mother of Halima Alamshah Hatun who became the mother of first Safavid king, Shah Ismail I.
Some older writers refer to her as "Catherine". Charles Diehl has shown that it was based on Du Cange’s misunderstanding of the Mongol title "Khatun" as "Catherine".
John IV agreed to the marriage only if his daughter was allowed to continue her Orthodox Christian religion, a condition which Uzun Hasan agreed upon. Despina was famous for her extreme beauty amongst the Greek women. She was accompanied by a group of Orthodox Christian priests and was allowed to build Orthodox churches in Iran. Uzun Hasan strengthened his anti-Ottoman alliance by this marriage and gained the support of many Greeks, Armenians, and Georgians.
Marriage between Christians and Muslim rulers, although uncommon, was not unprecedented. Speros Vryonis provides several examples from the Sultanate of the Seljuk Turks, beginning with Kilij Arslan II. A later example is Michael VIII Palaiologos marrying off his illegitimate daughters Euphrosyne and Maria to Nogai Khan and Abaqa Khan respectively. Previous Emperors of Trebizond had married off their female relatives, most notably Alexios III, during whose reign two of his sisters and two of his daughters were married to rulers of neighboring Muslim states.
In Western Europe, Theodora inspired the myth of the "Princess of Trebizond", a fixture of tales of damsels in distress as well as of a possible grand Crusade against the Ottoman Turks. The legend inspired several artists, including Pisanello and Jacques Offenbach.
Early life
Theodora was daughter of John IV and his first wife Bagrationi, a daughter of King Alexander I In 1458 she was married to Uzun Hasan, Khan of the Turkoman tribe of Aq Qoyunlu; her uncle David gave her away at the marriage.
Political marriage
At the time of marriage, the Empire of her father John faced a serious threat. Constantinople had fallen to the Ottoman sultan, Mehmet II in 1453. In 1456, Mehmet ordered his governor Chetir, to capture Trebizond; the attack failed, but John was forced to pay tribute to Mehmet to prevent further attacks. Mehmet gradually annexed the last Palaiologian possessions in the Morea, completing the task with the conquest of Mistra on 29 May 1460. An alliance with the powerful Aq Qoyunlu tribe, who were the Ottomans' most powerful rival, appeared more than beneficial.
Trebziond and the Aq Qoyunlu had a history of co-operation, for they had concluded a political marriage in the past: Theodora's great-great aunt had married Qara Osman, emir of the Aq Qoyunlu. Theodora was famed for her beauty. An unknown Venetian traveller wrote, "it was common opinion that there was at that time no woman of greater beauty; and throughout all Persia the fame of her great beauty and supreme charm spread." Uzun Hassan eagerly agreed to be the protector of Trebizond, as well as making other concessions, in return for Theodora's hand. News of Theodora as the Princess of Trebizond who was married to the powerful Uzun Hassan spread to the West, and helped to foster stories of Princess of Trebizond.
However this alliance failed to help John's successor, his brother David. Mehmed II, the Ottoman ruler, marched on the imperial city of Trebizond in 1461. Uzun Hassan initially supported the Trapuzentines, but he was persuaded by the Ottomans to abandon Trebizond after the failed mediation of his mother, Sara Khatun. After securing the eastern border, Mehmed attacked Trebizond, which surrendered 15 August 1461, ending the polity.
Late life
After the fall of Trebizond, David was put in house arrest. In 1463, David was discovered attempting to send a secret letter to Theodora, which gave Mehmed II the needed excuse to get rid of David once and for all. He considered this letter a conspiracy to recapture the land of Trebizond with the help of Aq Qoyunlu and had David, his sons and his nephew executed on 1 November 1463.
Despite the death of her uncle, Theodora continued to influence her husband in foreign affairs. According to Anthony Bryer, she was the moving force behind diplomatic overtures to Venice in 1465-1466, and to Stephen III of Moldavia in 1474. When the Venetian diplomat Caterino Zeno came to the court of Uzun Hassan in 1473, one of the first persons he met was Theodora. He revealed to the woman that they were related, and on the basis of this she provided him unparalleled access to her and Uzun Hassan during his stay. Franz Babinger states she was present at the Battle of Otlukbeli(1473), where she urged her husband to pursue the defeated army of Mehmed II in order to utterly destroy him.
After the death of Uzun Hassan in 1478, not much is known about her. She was buried at St. Georges Church in Diyarbakr, where her tomb was shown to an Italian visitor in 1507. However the structure was damaged in 1883 and no longer can be seen.
Family
By Uzun Hasan, Theodora Despina had at least two sons and three daughters:
Maqsud Beg (? - 1478). Executed by his half-brother Khalil in 1478.
Masih Beg (? - before 1473)
Halima Alamshah Khatun (1460–1522). She married her cousin Shaykh Haydar (son of Khadija Khatun, sister of her father, and Shaykh Junayd) in 1471/1472. They had three son and four daughters. One of them was Shah Ismail I, father of Shah Tahmasp I. She was called Martha in Christian sources.
Two other daughters whom Caterino Zeno met in Damascus, where they conversed in Pontic Greek.
See also
Safavid dynasty family tree
List of the mothers of the Safavid Shahs
Pontic Greeks
Saint George and the Princess of Trebizond by Pisanello.
References
Bibliography
15th-century births
15th-century Byzantine women
Princesses of Trebizond
Grand Komnenos dynasty
Iranian Christians
Queens consort of Persia
15th-century Eastern Orthodox Christians
People under the Aq Qoyunlu
Daughters of emperors |
The Afon Cilieni is a short river which rises on the southern slopes of Mynydd Epynt in Powys, Wales. The name may mean ' the river rising in a small nook'.
Its upper reaches are within the military training area of SENTA, the British Army's Sennybridge Training Area. It flows through the hamlets of Pentre-bach and Pentre'r-felin en route to its confluence with the River Usk about 2 km east of Sennybridge. Like most other tributaries of the Usk, the Afon Cilieni is designated as a special area of conservation for various fish including three species of lamprey, the twaite shad and the European bullhead. Much of the length of the river is followed by the abandoned earthworks of the intended rail line to Llanwrtyd Wells, an offshoot of the Neath and Brecon Railway. Cuttings and embankments remain but none of the many bridge crossings of the Cilieni are known to have been put in place before the scheme was abandoned in the 1860s.
References
Cilieni
Rivers of Powys
Rivers of the Brecon Beacons National Park |
The 1980 NSL Cup was the fourth edition of the NSL Cup, which was the main national association football knockout cup competition in Australia.
Adelaide City were the defending champions, having defeated St George-Budapest to win their first title in the previous year's final, but they were eliminated in the semi-finals by finalist Heidelberg United.
Marconi Fairfield defeated Heidelberg United 3–0 via a replay after a 0–0 draw in the final to win their first NSL Cup title.
Teams
The NSL Cup was a knockout competition with 32 teams taking part all trying to reach the Final in October 1980. The competition consisted of the 14 teams from the National Soccer League plus 18 teams from their respective top division state leagues.
Bracket
First round
Second round
Quarter-finals
Semi-finals
Final
References
1980 NSL Cup
NSL Cup
1980 in Australian soccer
NSL Cup seasons |
Queen Radio: Volume 1 is the first greatest hits album by Trinidadian rapper Nicki Minaj, surprise-released through Young Money Entertainment and Republic Records on August 26, 2022. The album was re-released two days later to add a remix of Skeng's 2022 single, "Likkle Miss".
The album includes songs from all of her studio albums—Pink Friday (2010), Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded and its reissue The Re-Up (both released in 2012), The Pinkprint (2014) and Queen (2018), as well as songs from the mixtape Beam Me Up Scotty (original 2009 version and its 2021 reissue), Young Money Entertainment compilation Rise of an Empire (2014) and some non-album singles she released in 2022.
Critical reception
Andy Kellman of AllMusic called it a "generous anthology", while rating it 4.5 stars out of 5. Paper Mag Kenna McCafferty thought that "the 28 tracks were perfectly selected", as the collection is "jam-packed with [some of] Minaj’s biggest bangers".
Commercial performance
Queen Radio: Volume 1 debuted at number 10 on the US Billboard 200 chart, earning 32,000 album-equivalent units (including 3,000 copies in pure album sales) in its first week, making Nicki Minaj the female rapper with the most solo top 10 albums in Billboard 200 history (6)
Track listing
Notes
signifies a co-producer
Physical copies and the original tracklist omit tracks 2–4.
Charts
Certifications
References
2022 greatest hits albums
Surprise albums
Nicki Minaj albums
Republic Records compilation albums
Young Money Entertainment compilation albums
Compilation albums by American artists
Hip hop compilation albums |
Huggy Bear were an English riot grrrl band, formed in 1991 and based in Brighton.
History
Evolving in tandem with the Olympia, Washington-based riot grrrl movement led by feminist bands such as Bikini Kill, Huggy Bear called themselves "girl-boy revolutionaries", both in reference to their political philosophy and the gender makeup of their band.
For the majority of their existence, they refused to be photographed or interviewed by mainstream press, nor gave their full names once they began releasing records formally. In spite of a major label bidding war, Huggy Bear stayed with indie label Wiiija.
Their avant-garde debut EP, Rubbing the Impossible to Burst, was released in 1992, and in the same year they began working closely with Bikini Kill as riot grrrl's popularity peaked on both sides of the Atlantic, culminating in a split album on Catcall Records (Huggy Bear) and Kill Rock Stars (Bikini Kill) called Our Troubled Youth/Yeah Yeah Yeah Yeah, the names of the Huggy Bear and Bikini Kill sides, respectively. Huggy Bear then released a series of EPs, which were collected on Taking the Rough with the Smooch. No longer featuring Slade on guitar, Huggy Bear released two more singles and Weaponry Listens to Love in 1994, their first full-length album as well as their final release.
On 14 February 1993, Huggy Bear performed "Her Jazz" on the British television programme, The Word. After their set, the band stayed in the studio to watch a report on two American models who called themselves "the Barbi Twins". Huggy Bear and their fans became upset at this and started shouting at the show's presenter Terry Christian. They were ejected from the studio, and a spokesperson for The Word later claimed that one of the band's friends had "bit the face of a member of our production team." Future Goldblade frontman and editor of music blog Louderthanwar, John Robb was with the band in the studio and said no-one got bitten and the security was heavy-handed and had to be calmed down. The performance was given a Melody Maker cover story, the event being compared to the Sex Pistols' Bill Grundy incident.
Other projects
Members of Huggy Bear also played as the Furbelows. In 1993, Rowley and Johnson released an EP as The Element of Crime on Soul Static Sound records, with members of Linus, Skinned Teen, Sister George and Blood Sausage. Elliott and Johnson also joined Blood Sausage, while Rowley assisted Skinned Teen live and with artwork, and Elliot guested on their 1994 album.
After leaving Huggy Bear, Hill formed Phantom Pregnancies with Delia from Mambo Taxi and Sean from Wat Tyler. Slade briefly joined I'm Being Good, and then Comet Gain.
In 2014, Jo Johnson released a solo ambient album called Weaving on Further Records.
In 2019, Chris Rowley formed a new band called Adulkt Life with former members of Male Bonding. On 27 November of that year, they played their first show at the Lexington in London. They released their first single and a digital zine on 18 August 2020, "County Pride", on What's Your Rupture?.
Line-up
Niki Eliot: bass and vocals
Jo Johnson: guitar and vocals
Karen Hill: drums and piano
Chris Rowley: vocals, trumpet and piano
Jon Slade: guitar
Discography
Albums
Our Troubled Youth (Huggy Bear), mini LP split with Yeah Yeah Yeah Yeah (Bikini Kill), 8 March '93, CATCALL / Kill Rock Stars 206
Weaponry Listens to Love, LP/CD, 21 Nov '94, WIIIJA
Compilations
We Bitched, cass, '92, WIIIJA [demo recordings, inc. exclusive tracks Coral Kill; Sour Creamer Stag, Bumper Sticker, Cherry Cherry]
Huggy Nation / Kisser Boy Kisser Girl, cass, '92, Soul Static Sound [V/A compilation inc. Huggy Bear & side projects]
Taking the Rough with the Smooch, LP/CD, '93, KILL ROCK STARS/WIIIJA [Compilation of WIIIJA 18/WIIIJA 23/Trouble 001]
For Every Wolf That Roams, cass, '94, Famous Monsters of Filmland [Live at the Square, Harlow]
Singles and EPs
Rubbing the Impossible to Burst 7", SEPT'92, WIIIJA 16, Ltd edition of 2000 pressed [Katholic Kunt; High Street Jupiter Supercone // Snail Messenger Loss; Single Bullets]
Kiss Curl for the Kid's Lib Guerrillas, 7", DEC'92, WIIIJA 18 [Derwin; Sizzlemeet // Concrete Life; Carnt Kiss]
"14 February" / "Into the Mission" – one-sided 7" given out at a Brighton gig, 14.2.93
Her Jazz, 7", 93, CATCALL/WIIIJA – Trouble001 [Her Jazz // Prayer; Pro No From Now]
Shimmies in the Super 8, double 7", 4 songs of Huggy Bear, 2 of Darlin', 1 of COLM, 1 of Stereolab, 1993, DUOPHONIC, Ltd edition of 800 [Trafalgar Square; Godziller; More Music From Bells; Snow White, Rose Red]
Don't Die, 7", AUG'93, WIIIJA 23 [Dissthentic Penetration; Teen Tighterns; No Sleep // Shaved Pussy Poetry; Pansy Twist]
Long Distance Lovers, 7", '94, GRAVITY No. 9 [Steppin on Bugs; Limit 2 Surf // Tuff Lovin; Code Fucker]
Main Squeeze, miniCD, '94, FELLAHEEN RECORDS Jack 011-2 [Children Absent From Heaven Says; Red Flipper No. 2; My Best Kiss]
References
External links
Huggy Bear videos at World News
Archive fansite
Huggy Nation – archive fansite
Huggy Bear's last interview, Nov 1994
Huggy Bear gig listing
WIIIJA records biog
Allmusic biog
Taking the Rough with the Smooch review
Weaponry LP review – Allmusic
Weaponry LP review – Furia
Weaponry LP review – Punknews
Huggy Bear tribute – The Guardian, 2008
Musical groups established in 1991
Musical groups disestablished in 1994
Kill Rock Stars artists
English punk rock groups
Riot grrrl bands
Musical groups from Brighton and Hove
1991 establishments in England
1994 disestablishments in England
Underground punk scene in the United Kingdom |
Kątek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tomaszów Lubelski, within Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.
References
Villages in Tomaszów Lubelski County |
Aseraggodes is a genus of soles native to the Indian and Pacific oceans. These small flatfishes are poisonous.
Species
It is by far the most species rich genus in the family Soleidae, as there currently are 54 recognized species:
Aseraggodes albidus J. E. Randall & Desoutter-Méniger, 2007
Aseraggodes andersoni J. E. Randall & Bogorodsky, 2013
Aseraggodes auroculus J. E. Randall, 2005
Aseraggodes bahamondei J. E. Randall & Meléndez C., 1987 (South Pacific sole)
Aseraggodes beauforti Chabanaud, 1930
Aseraggodes borehami J. E. Randall, 1996 (Boreham's sole)
Aseraggodes brevirostris J. E. Randall & Gon, 2006
Aseraggodes chapleaui J. E. Randall & Desoutter-Méniger, 2007
Aseraggodes cheni J. E. Randall & Senou, 2007
Aseraggodes corymbus J. E. Randall & Bartsch, 2007
Aseraggodes crypticus J. E. Randall & G. R. Allen, 2007 (Cryptic Sole)
Aseraggodes cyaneus (Alcock, 1890)
Aseraggodes cyclurus J. E. Randall, 2005
Aseraggodes diringeri (Quéro, 1997)
Aseraggodes dubius M. C. W. Weber, 1913
Aseraggodes filiger M. C. W. Weber, 1913
Aseraggodes firmisquamis J. E. Randall & Bartsch, 2005
Aseraggodes guttulatus Kaup, 1858
Aseraggodes haackeanus (Steindachner, 1883) (Southern sole)
Aseraggodes heemstrai J. E. Randall & Gon, 2006
Aseraggodes heraldi J. E. Randall & Bartsch, 2005
Aseraggodes herrei Seale, 1940 (Herre's sole)
Aseraggodes holcomi J. E. Randall, 2002
Aseraggodes jenny J. E. Randall & Gon, 2006
Aseraggodes kaianus (Günther, 1880)
Aseraggodes kimurai J. E. Randall & Desoutter-Méniger, 2007
Aseraggodes kobensis (Steindachner, 1896)
Aseraggodes kruppi J. E. Randall & Bogorodsky, 2013
Aseraggodes lateralis J. E. Randall, 2005
Aseraggodes lenisquamis J. E. Randall, 2005
Aseraggodes longipinnis J. E. Randall & Desoutter-Méniger, 2007
Aseraggodes macronasus J. E. Randall & Bogorodsky, 2013
Aseraggodes magnoculus J. E. Randall, 2005
Aseraggodes martine J. E. Randall & Bogorodsky, 2013
Aseraggodes matsuurai J. E. Randall & Desoutter-Méniger, 2007
Aseraggodes melanostictus (W. K. H. Peters, 1877) (Mottled sole)
Aseraggodes microlepidotus M. C. W. Weber, 1913
Aseraggodes nigrocirratus J. E. Randall, 2005
Aseraggodes normani Chabanaud, 1930
Aseraggodes orientalis J. E. Randall & Senou, 2007
Aseraggodes pelvicus J. E. Randall, 2005
Aseraggodes ramsaii (J. D. Ogilby, 1889)
Aseraggodes satapoomini J. E. Randall & Desoutter-Méniger, 2007
Aseraggodes senoui J. E. Randall & Desoutter-Méniger, 2007
Aseraggodes sinusarabici Chabanaud, 1931
Aseraggodes steinitzi Joglekar, 1971
Aseraggodes suzumotoi J. E. Randall & Desoutter-Méniger, 2007
Aseraggodes texturatus M. C. W. Weber, 1913
Aseraggodes therese J. E. Randall, 1996 (Therese's sole)
Aseraggodes umbratilis (Alcock, 1894)
Aseraggodes whitakeri Woods, 1966 (Whitaker's sole)
Aseraggodes winterbottomi J. E. Randall & Desoutter-Méniger, 2007 (Negros sole)
Aseraggodes xenicus (Matsubara & Ochiai, 1963) (Dwarf sole)
Aseraggodes zizette J. E. Randall & Desoutter-Méniger, 2007
References
Soleidae
Marine fish genera
Taxa named by Johann Jakob Heckel |
The Third Age is the era during which J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings fantasy novel is set, and part of Tolkien's broader Middle-earth legendarium. Related pages include:
The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age, a 2004 video game
The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age (Game Boy Advance), a 2004 video game
Third Age may also refer to:
Third age (retirement), active retirement
Third Age Foundation (UK), a UK-based non-profit organization
University of the Third Age, a UK-based international organization
The time period during which The Wheel of Time series takes place
The third age of mankind, during which Babylon 5 takes place
See also
Party of the Third Age (Luxembourgish: Partei vum 3. Alter), a former political party in Luxembourg |
This is a list of holidays in Kuwait. Some dates given are according to the solar Gregorian calendar widely used internationally and some dates are according to the lunar Islamic calendar.
References
Kuwaiti culture
Society of Kuwait
Kuwait
Kuwait |
Toshe may refer to:
Toshe (dish), a Sindhi Indian dish made from flour, ghee and milk
Toeshey, traditional Tibetan dance music genre |
Adrian D. P. Bellamy (born 1941/1942) is a British businessman. He was the chairman of Reckitt Benckiser () from 2003 to 2018.
Early life
Adrian Bellamy was born in Derbyshire, England, and raised and educated in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). He earned bachelor of commerce and MBA degrees from the University of South Africa.
Career
He started his career in finance, and moved on to the retail industry in the 1960s. From 1995 to 2004, he served as chairman of the Supervisory Board of Gucci. From 2002 to 2008, he served as chairman of The Body Shop. He served as chairman of Reckitt Benckiser from 2003 to 2018. In September 2017, it was announced that Bellamy would stand down as chairman at 2018's AGM, and would be succeeded by Christopher A. Sinclair.
He formerly served on the board of directors of Starbucks (). He sat on the board of directors of Gap Inc. () from 1995, Williams-Sonoma, Inc. () since 1997, the Robert Mondavi Corporation since 2002, the Labelux Group since 2009, and Total Wine & More.
Personal life
Bellamy is married with four children. In 2003, he had homes in London's Belgravia and Carmel, California. He collects Californian landscape paintings and English Regency furniture.
References
Living people
University of South Africa alumni
English businesspeople
Starbucks people
Reckitt people
1940s births
British chief executives |
Jacques Sadoul (1934 – 18 January 2013) was a French novelist, book editor and non-fiction author.
Work on science fiction
His Histoire de la science fiction moderne (1973) was a major encouragement for the serious, academic study of SF, particularly among the East European peoples of that time, because the book was seen as very respectable, and, it was European, continental, while almost everything else science-fictional was produced across the Lamanche and across the Atlantic.
Sadoul was a well-known SF fan and magazine collector. In Paris, in 1973, he published an album of illustrations from American SF magazines, Hier, l’an 2000.
He was one of the first editors to launch SF successfully in paperback form in France. He was born at Agen, and worked first with “Editions Opta” and then with “J’ai lu”, where he founded the SF imprint and edited the Les Meilleurs Recits series of anthologies of stories translated from the American pulp magazines. He was also a founder of the Prix Apollo award. Hier, l’an 2000: L’illustration de science fiction des annees 30 (1973; translated into English and published in the U.S. in 1975 as: 2000 A.D.: Illustrations From the Golden Age of Science Fiction Pulps), is a book of SF illustrations which he gathered, mostly black-and-white, a selection of SF nostalgia material, but has no index. His Histoire de la science-fiction moderne, 1911-1971 [“History of Modern SF”] (1973; in 2 volumes 1975; revised 1984) is a lengthy and enthusiastic survey of the field, but has been criticized for lacking deep critical analysis and containing too many sweeping generalizations and personal prejudices.
Other work
Sadoul was a prolific novelist. His work includes crime-fiction/spy-fiction novels such as the "Carol Evans cycle" (consisting of ten novels), fantasy novels (such as the trilogy La Passion selon Satan [“The Passion according to Satan”] (1960), Le Jardin de la licorne [“The Garden of the Unicorn”] (1978), and Les hautes terres du rêve) and science fiction novels. In 1987, he received the Grand Prix de Littérature Policière for Trois morts au soleil.
Sadoul has authored works on alchemy, the fantastique and crime fiction. In 2006 he published his memoirs C’est dans la poche !.
References
French science fiction writers
French fantasy writers
French crime fiction writers
People from Agen
1934 births
2013 deaths
French male novelists
French male short story writers
French short story writers
20th-century French novelists
20th-century short story writers
20th-century French male writers |
```java
/*
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
*
* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
* particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
* by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
*
* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
* accompanied this code).
*
* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*
* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
* questions.
*/
package com.oracle.svm.hosted;
public class ByteFormattingUtil {
private static final double BYTES_TO_KiB = 1024d;
private static final double BYTES_TO_MiB = 1024d * 1024d;
private static final double BYTES_TO_GiB = 1024d * 1024d * 1024d;
public static String bytesToHuman(long bytes) {
return bytesToHuman("%4.2f", bytes);
}
public static String bytesToHuman(String format, long bytes) {
if (bytes < BYTES_TO_KiB) {
return String.format(format, (double) bytes) + "B";
} else if (bytes < BYTES_TO_MiB) {
return String.format(format, bytesToKiB(bytes)) + "kB";
} else if (bytes < BYTES_TO_GiB) {
return String.format(format, bytesToMiB(bytes)) + "MB";
} else {
return String.format(format, bytesToGiB(bytes)) + "GB";
}
}
static double bytesToKiB(long bytes) {
return bytes / BYTES_TO_KiB;
}
static double bytesToGiB(long bytes) {
return bytes / BYTES_TO_GiB;
}
static double bytesToMiB(long bytes) {
return bytes / BYTES_TO_MiB;
}
}
``` |
Eli Lequime (1811–1898) was born in France and began traveling the world in 1825 at the age of fourteen. He arrived in San Francisco in 1852 for the gold rush but soon gave up. Eli returned to France and fought in the Crimean War. He returned to San Francisco by 1856 and with his new wife, Marie Louise (née Altabagoethe) he caught a boat to Victoria, British Columbia. From there, the family caught a boat to the mainland. he had two children, Bernard and Gaston. The family panned for gold at Rock Creek which is west of Osoyoos. During Eli's time at Rock Creek, his son Gaston fell into a miner's sluice box and drowned at two years of age. Eli, Marie Louise and Bernard headed for the Cariboo with the hopes of striking it rich. On their way, Marie Louise gave birth to another son, who they named Gaston. Father Pandosy met the family on the trail and convinced them to come to Okanagan Mission with him. In 1861, Eli registered a land claim northeast of the Mission. Eli built a log home and a trading post on his new property. His store soon became the social and business hub of the area. Eli and Marie Louise had two more children at the Mission, Aminade (1866) and Leon (1870). The Lequime family had over 1,300 heads of cattle and had more than two thousand acres of land. Eli lived in the Mission Valley for twenty-seven years. When he was seventy, Eli decided to move back to San Francisco. By 1888 Eli was in San Francisco with his daughter, Aminade and his niece, Dorothy. Marie Louise would join him a couple years later. In 1905, Eli Lequime's homestead was added to the K.L.O. company for $12,000.00.
References
1811 births
1898 deaths
People of the California Gold Rush
French emigrants to the United States
French soldiers
American prospectors |
The Australian cricket team toured India, played three One Day Internationals and two Test matches between 1 and 24 October 2010.
Squads
Tour Match
Test series
1st Test
Australia batted first and with the century from Shane Watson makes a score of 428 runs. Zaheer Khan took five wickets . In reply India put 405 runs on the board giving the Aussies a lead of 23
runs. Australian second innings was reduced to 192 runs by good performance by all Indian bowlers. The target for India was 216 and it was not an easy task for Indian batsmen as Aussie bowlers troubled Indian batsmen with their pace attack and took quick wickets.
It was a perfectly scripted game for the Aussies. India had ended day 4 at 55 for 4 and they still needed 161 runs for a victory. The Australian pacers started afresh on the final day and India lost another four wickets for 48 runs. First Ishant Sharma shared a partnership of 81 runs with Laxman for the ninth wicket before Pragyan Ojha and Laxman completed one of the greatest comebacks in cricket. The duo added the required 11 runs and helped India win the match by one wicket.
2nd Test
ODI series
1st ODI
2nd ODI
|India own the toss and they invite Australia to bat first.
Australia lost both the openers at an early stage but the century run partnership between Michael Hussey and Michael Clarke puts the things under control for Aussies. They steadied Australia with a 144-run stand and Michael Hussey(69r,77 b) was dismissed after scoring a half century. Then comes the Cameron White joins Michael Clarke(111 r, 139 b,7×4's,1×6) in the middle keeps increasing the score card with boundaries as he scores 89 runs off just 49 balls with six fours and six sixes. Clarke scores his fifth century of his career.
White left India facing a tough target. Last five overs cost India 84 runs.
|India was set a target of 290 runs.
|India lost both their openers in quick time and were dismissed by Clint McKay. Then Virat Kohli (118r,121b,11×4's,1×6's) and Yuvraj Singh(58r,87b) stabilizes the India's innings with their 137 run stand. Later Yuvraj Singh was dismissed and brings Suresh Raina to join with Kohli and they both add some quick runs. Virat Kohli scores to his third century and change gears scoring some quick runs in the middle and was dismissed. Suresh Raina then finished the remaining things with debutant Saurabh Tiwary and takes India to victory of five wickets.
3rd ODI
Media coverage
Television
India: NEO Cricket
India: Doordarshan (only ODI matches)
Australia: Fox Sports
United Kingdom and Ireland: Sky Sports
South Africa, Kenya and Zimbabwe: SuperSport
Canada: ATN CBN
United Arab Emirates: Arab Digital Distribution
References
2010
International cricket competitions in 2010–11
2010 in Indian cricket
Indian cricket seasons from 2000–01
2010 in Australian cricket |
Banaruiyeh (, also Romanized as Banārū’īyeh, Banarooyeh, Banārū”īyeh, Banārūyeh, and Bonārūyeh; formerly, Fathābād) is a city in, and the capital of, Banaruiyeh District of Larestan County, Fars province, Iran, and also serves as the administrative center for Banaruiyeh Rural District. The most widely spoken language is Achomi.
At the 2006 census, its population was 9,318 in 1,943 households. The following census in 2011 counted 10,977 people in 2,952 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 9,077 people in 2,580 households.
References
Larestan County
Cities in Fars Province
Populated places in Fars Province
Populated places in Larestan County |
```python
#!/usr/bin/env python
import os, pathlib, sys
def generate(private, public):
return f'{{ include: [ "{private}", "private", "<{public}>", "public" ] }}'
def panic(file):
print(f'========== {__file__} error ==========', file=sys.stderr)
print(f'\tFile \'{file}\' is a top-level detail header without a mapping', file=sys.stderr)
sys.exit(1)
def generate_map(include):
detail_files = []
detail_directories = []
c_headers = []
for i in include.iterdir():
if i.is_dir() and i.name.startswith('__'):
detail_directories.append(f'{i.name}')
continue
if i.name.startswith('__'):
detail_files.append(i.name)
continue
if i.name.endswith('.h'):
c_headers.append(i.name)
result = []
temporary_mappings = {'__tuple_dir': 'tuple'}
for i in detail_directories:
public_header = temporary_mappings.get(i, i.lstrip('_'))
result.append(f'{generate(f"@<{i}/.*>", public_header)},')
for i in detail_files:
public = []
if i == '__assert': continue
elif i == '__availability': continue
elif i == '__bit_reference': continue
elif i == '__bits': public = ['bits']
elif i == '__bsd_locale_defaults.h': continue
elif i == '__bsd_locale_fallbacks.h': continue
elif i == '__config_site.in': continue
elif i == '__config': continue
elif i == '__debug': continue
elif i == '__errc': continue
elif i == '__hash_table': public = ['unordered_map', 'unordered_set']
elif i == '__locale': public = ['locale']
elif i == '__mbstate_t.h': continue
elif i == '__mutex_base': continue
elif i == '__node_handle': public = ['map', 'set', 'unordered_map', 'unordered_set']
elif i == '__split_buffer': public = ['deque', 'vector']
elif i == '__std_stream': public = ['iostream']
elif i == '__threading_support': public = ['atomic', 'mutex', 'semaphore', 'thread']
elif i == '__tree': public = ['map', 'set']
elif i == '__undef_macros': continue
elif i == '__verbose_abort': continue
else: panic()
for p in public:
result.append(f'{generate(f"<{i}>", p)},')
result.sort()
return result
def main():
monorepo_root = pathlib.Path(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))))
assert(monorepo_root.exists())
include = pathlib.Path(os.path.join(monorepo_root, 'libcxx', 'include'))
mapping = generate_map(include)
data = '[\n ' + '\n '.join(mapping) + '\n]\n'
with open(f'{include}/libcxx.imp', 'w') as f:
f.write(data)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
``` |
Solomon Barnato "Solly" Joel (23 May 1865 – 22 May 1931), born in London, England, moved to Cape Colony in the 1880s where he made his fortune in connection with diamonds, later becoming a financier with interests in mining, brewing and railways.
Career
Known as "Solly", he was born into a Jewish family, one of three sons of Joel Joel (a London publican, keeper of the King of Prussia tavern), and Kate Isaacs, who was a sister of Barnett Isaacs, later to be called Barney Barnato. Along with his brothers, Jack and Woolf, he was mentored by Barney Barnato and made a fortune from the Barnato Diamond Mining Company. Within 10 years, he had become a millionaire, primarily by buying seemingly worked-out diamond mines in South Africa. On Barney Barnato's death, in 1897, Joel became head of the family business, Barnato Brothers. Despite having a keen interest in diamonds, he played a greater role in the gold industry. He established the Van Ryn Deep Mine in 1902; the Government Gold Mining Areas (Modderfontein) Consolidated Limited, in 1910; and the New State Areas Ltd. in 1918. He acquired control of Langlaagte Estate and Gold Mining Company and Randfontein Estates Gold Mining Company from J.B. Robinson, and became a director of the Diamond Syndicate.
Politics
Early in his business career he supported the Uitlanders against Paul Kruger's government, and was a prominent member of the Reform Committee. Having been found guilty of high treason for his part in the Jameson Raid, Joel never dabbled in politics again.
Family
Joel married a beautiful young actress named Ellen "Nellie" Ridley. While highly successful in business, in his personal life familial relationships were not always cordial. His dislike of his daughter Doris' choice of spouse continued until she divorced after four years, at which point he resumed normal relations. Joel also disapproved of one of his sons, Stanhope's, marriage for two years. His daughter Eileen became the first woman jockey to win an open race when she rode Hogier to victory in the Town Plate at Newmarket. His son Dudley Joel was elected the Conservative Party Member of Parliament for Dudley but was killed in action during World War II.
Joel's brother Woolf Joel was murdered in Johannesburg in 1898, probably by a blackmailing con-man named Karl Frederic Moritz Kurtze going under the pseudonym of Ludwig von Veltheim. Although there was plenty of evidence that Veltheim had been threatening Woolf Joel, the defense was that Veltheim had not been properly compensated for planning a kidnap scheme against the Boer leader Paul Kruger. That, the all Boer jury, and the mixture of anti-British and anti-Semitic feelings towards the deceased enabled Veltheim to avoid conviction. Freed, he was immediately deported from the Boer territories. For the next decade, Veltheim was following a series of con-games in Europe, but in 1907, he turned up in London, and started making threatening demands against Joel, who reported him to Scotland Yard, and the police arrested Veltheim. There was a trial for extortion, and Veltheim used the same defense he had previously used in Johannesburg, but the British jury was unconvinced and found him guilty. He was sentenced to twenty years' imprisonment.
Joel's interests were wide and varied and included many business concerns. He was also kept busy with his enlarged family's diamond and gold mining interests, activities in brewing, the theatre (the Drury Lane Theatre in London) and railways (the City and South London Railway).
He was renowned for being a generous man who purchased the first motorised ambulance for the Royal Berkshire Hospital. Another illustration of his generosity was exhibited when he gave Sol Joel Park close to his estate was given to the Corporation of Reading in 1927. The official opening was undertaken by the then Duke of York, who later became King George VI and was again an extravagant event.
Thoroughbred horse racing
Joel had success in thoroughbred horse racing and breeding. He owned Polymelus, a five-time leading sire in Great Britain & Ireland who sired Pommern, the 1915 English Triple Crown champion. He also established a stud at New Farm, which was renamed Home Stud Farm located near his own estate. The Joel Stakes at Newmarket Racecourse is named in his honor.
In 1903 Joel purchased the Maiden Erlegh Estate in Earley, near Reading in Berkshire. In 1922 he purchased the racing establishment at Moulton Paddocks, Newmarket, after the death of its then owner, Sir Ernest Cassel.
He and his brother Jack Barnato Joel had a long running rivalry on the turf as owners, with Jack having the greater success over the years including 2 Epsom Derby winners, Sunstar and Humorist.
Cricket
In the 1924–25 South African cricket season, Joel organised a team of mostly English players to tour the country and play matches against the national and provincial teams. The team was known as S. B. Joel's XI and included leading players Ewart Astill, George Geary, Percy Holmes, Alec Kennedy, Charlie Parker, Jack Russell, Lionel Tennyson and Ernest Tyldesley.
Death and legacy
Joel died in 1931 at Moulton Paddocks and immediately his estate and possessions were sold at auction. The Home Stud Farm was sold in 1932 but continued until the 1980s. Moulton Paddocks passed into the ownership of Joel's son Dudley, but the house fell into disrepair following his death.
See also
Joel family
Gustav Imroth
References
Sources
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa vol. 6 (Nasou, Cape Town 1972)
Ace of diamonds,: The story of Solomon Barnato Joel as told to Lloyd Mayer Stanhope Joel (Frederick Muller Ltd. London 1958) ASIN: B0007KCDIK
The Diamond Magnates Brian Roberts (New York: Charles Scribner%27s Sons, 1972) [P. 232-245] SBN 684-13344-X
External links
Thoroughbred racehorse Polymelus
Oxford DNB
1865 births
1931 deaths
British racehorse owners and breeders
English brewers
South African mining businesspeople
English businesspeople
English Jews
English philanthropists
Solomon
Owners of Epsom Derby winners
People from Earley
Randlords
South African Jews
South African people of English-Jewish descent
South African racehorse owners and breeders
South African brewers
Cape Colony people |
Wayne Township is one of thirteen townships in Tippecanoe County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,580 and it contained 623 housing units.
Geography
According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of , of which (or 98.99%) is land and (or 1.01%) is water.
Unincorporated communities
Glenhall at
Westpoint at
(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)
Adjacent townships
Shelby Township (north)
Wabash Township (northeast)
Union Township (east)
Jackson Township (south)
Davis Township, Fountain County (southwest)
Warren Township, Warren County (west)
Cemeteries
The township contains these three cemeteries: Granville, Marks and Sherry.
Major highways
Indiana State Road 25
School JDH,Glen Hall 24
Tippecanoe School Corporation
Political districts
Indiana's 4th congressional district
State House District 41
State Senate District 22
References
External links
Indiana Township Association
United Township Association of Indiana
Townships in Tippecanoe County, Indiana
Lafayette metropolitan area, Indiana
Townships in Indiana |
History: A Novel () is a novel by Italian author Elsa Morante, generally regarded as her most famous and controversial work. Published in 1974, it narrates the story of a partly Jewish woman, Ida Ramundo, and her two sons Antonio (nicknamed "Ninnarieddu", "Ninnuzzu" or "Nino") and Giuseppe ("Useppe") in Rome, during and immediately after the Second World War.
The Italian title La Storia can be translated as either "History" or "The Story"; the ambiguity is lost in translation.
Summary
Each of the novel's eight sections is prefaced by a precis of macro-historical events that actually took place in the year of the fictional Ramundos' life in the subsequent section, usually from an anarchist or Marxist perspective. The narrator frequently interrupts this fictional narrative to note how her own research verifies the subjective accounts of the characters; from these interruptions it is clear the narrator must be a character in the novel, but which character is never revealed.
Ida Ramundo's mother was secretly Jewish, but subject to epilepsy, bouts of violence, and paranoia, eventually drowning herself in a poorly-planned escape to Palestine when Mussolini's fascist race laws were announced. Ida acquired her mother's timidity thereafter, scarcely protesting when a young German soldier asks to come to her apartment, then rapes her in her teenage son's bed while she suffers an epileptic seizure in January 1941. This rape results in a pregnancy and another son, who is called Useppe (his own mispronunciation of his name) for the rest of the book. Her other son, Nino, becomes increasingly delinquent, and soon runs away from home first to join the army, then to join the resistance, only occasionally returning to visit his mother and half-brother. In early 1943, their apartment is bombed while Ida and Useppe are grocery shopping, killing their beloved dog Blitz, and forcing them to live in a refuge shelter with a huge extended family for the rest of the war. There they meet a man claiming to be a deserter named Carlo Vivaldi, but actually a Jewish anarchist philosopher/poet named Davide Segre. In October, Ida and Useppe witness the stock cars of people rounded up from the Jewish ghetto and being taken to concentration camps.
Though Nino is affectionate toward his undersized and precocious brother, his actions to him are not protective. He promises to visit frequently to bring money and toys while the family is starving physically and emotionally, but rarely does. During one of his infrequent visits, he takes him to his guerrilla camp for the day, where in the course of a few hours, the three-year-old Useppe watches Nino participate in a raid that kills three German soldiers, and rides home on a pack mule that is also carrying a hidden cache of grenades. With the retreat of the Nazis in late 1944 and the arrival of American forces, the narrative shifts from emphasizing the physical dangers of war to the psychological dangers of the post-war period, as the characters are exposed to increasingly horrifying images and stories of atrocities in the papers, and half-Jewish Ida is nearly paralyzed by racial paranoia and survivor's guilt. Nino continues to violently oppose the new governments, and is eventually killed fleeing the police while smuggling illegal guns into the country.
The last quarter of the book takes place in 1947. Ida is so paranoid that she is barely able to attend her job as a first grade teacher, let alone teach effectively, and fears to seek medical help for Useppe and his increasing depression and epileptic attacks. Useppe, after throwing violent fits when forced to attend school, now spends his days exploring the forests on the outskirts of Rome with his dead brother's Maremma sheepdog Bella. There they meet 13-year-old boarding-school runaway Pietro Scimò, who survives off food, trinkets, and movie tickets given to him by "some faggots", and who tells them stories of fearsome pirates that live across the river from his abandoned hut. Useppe and Bella also frequently visit Davide, who is suffering schizophrenia-like symptoms after torture at the hands of the SS, and guilt for savagely killing an SS officer himself when he was briefly with Nino's guerrillas. In the longest section of the book, Useppe and Bella listen uncomprehendingly while Davide, self-medicating with morphine, expounds his anarchist philosophy to an indifferent audience in a San Lorenzo tavern. Waiting by the river for Scimò, Useppe suffers a seizure and falls in, but Bella rescues him from drowning. Going by Davide's apartment to visit, Useppe sees him in the early stages of a fatal overdose. Finally, again returning to the river Useppe believes a group of children are the pirates Scimò warned him about, begins to fight them, but then suffers a massive seizure. The children run off, and Bella runs back to Rome to fetch Ida. He is able to walk back home with them, but the next morning suffers a series of ultimately fatal seizure while Ida is at school. Racing home to find him already dead, Ida realizes that all human history and government is just a list of different methods for people to get away with murdering each other, before falling into a catatonic stupor in which she remains until her death nine years later.
Critical reception
When Elsa Morante published La Storia in 1974, it hit Italy like a storm, quickly becoming the most talked about book of the year.
In the first year, it sold, in Italy alone, a record 800,000 copies (at a time when a successful novel rarely sold more than 100,000 copies). La Storia became one of the few best-sellers written by a living author in the turbulent 1970s. It met with harsh criticism from leftist reviewers, who took issue with its stridently anti-establishmentarialist themes, though more sympathetic reviewers have said it "embodies the ideal literary work" of mid-20th century disillusionment.
In popular culture
La storia, a motion picture based on the novel, directed by Luigi Comencini and starring Claudia Cardinale, was produced in 1986.
References
1974 novels
20th-century Italian novels
Novels set during World War II
Novels set in Rome
Giulio Einaudi Editore books |
is an erotic comedy anime series which parodies the magical girl genre, particularly Sailor Moon and Cutie Honey. A 24-minute OVA was released in 2003 followed by a six-episode TV series, broadcast in Japan in 2006. A DVD collection, containing the OVA and TV series was released in North America in 2010.
2003 OVA Lingerie Soldier Papillon Rose characters
Papillon team and friends
Tsubomi/Papillon Rose is the young woman protagonist of this eponymous series. She is of medium height with crimson (rose pink) hair and light blue eyes. In this episode she is a high-school student in addition to being a waitress at the Lingerie Pub Papillon. She solicits help and advice from Rama and "Dandy Lion" (Hikaru). After she transforms her magical-girl lingerie costume is crimson (rose pink) in color and she identifies herself as "the crimson butterfly of the night".
Anne is the tall and voluptuous twenty-year-old woman waitress at the Lingerie Pub Papillon. She has a darker complexion, medium length brown hair and dark blue eyes. Although a bit jealous of the attention garnered on the younger Tsubomi by the customers, she helps her young and somewhat naive friend when in need.
Hikaru/Dandy Lion is mysterious handsome young man. He has long light gray-blond hair and gray-green eyes. Tsubomi meets him by literally running into him while rushing late to work from school. He becomes her lover and adviser. The consummation of their new relationship enables Tsubomi to become the magical girl Papillon Rose. He wears a small mask when in the disguised persona of "Dandy Lion". According to the official website, "Dandy Lion" is Hikaru in a cosplay costume, not possessing any special magic abilities.
Rama is a female domestic house cat white with Siamese cat-like gray markings and a pink butterfly mark on her forehead and violet eyes. The cat wears a condom over the end of her tail in this episode. She is Tsubomi's primary adviser about her powers as the magical-girl "Papillon Rose".
Enemies
Sister Biene is a middle-aged female evil minion general of Regina Apis. She is medium height with spiraled maroon hair, pointed ears, and yellowish skin. She is put off by her assignment to sexually assault men for "Dinasty" as she really prefers women.
Sister Pchela is a short undeveloped female evil elf-like minion general of Regina Apis. She appears to be young girl with short blue hair under a teal pointed cap. She is dislikes Sister Biene and argues and fights with her. She is later assigned to destroy Papillon Rose and continue the conquest after Sister Biene is defeated.
Sister Melitta is an overweight female evil minion general of Regina Apis. She is in medium height with purple hair twintails and a bun, pointed ears and a clown-like costume. She appears in front of Regina Apis without having a speaking role.
Sister Abeille is a young female evil minion general of Regina Apis. She is medium height with teal messy hair, a suit consisting of leather belts, spiky translucent sleeves and a dark blue loin cloth. She appears in front of Regina Apis without having a speaking role.
Kreuz, Karo, Hertz and Piku (called Mein Liebe by the original author) are four men assigned to bring Regina Apis to her climax. Kreuz is voiced by Danno Hiroyasu
Regina Apis is the main antagonist of the episode. She presents a regal figure as an older female alien commander. She is bad-tempered, tall, with large breasts, blue skin, pointed ears, brown eyes and gray hair kept wound into points out each side of her head with falls that reach the floor when she stands. She also has four translucent insect-like wings on her back that may be part of her full-length, fur-collared, dark violet gown. She is the founder and leader of the organization known as Dinasty, who aim to control the world's sexual energy starting from the Shinjuku Kabukichou pleasure district of Tokyo, an assignment she that openly relishes.
Others
Manager is the excitable unnamed middle-aged male manager of the Lingerie Pub Papillon. He tries to impose rules but his continuing extramarital affair with Anne leaves him vulnerable to blackmail by his staff. He is Sister Biene's first victim.
Customer is the middle-aged man initially served by Anne at the "Lingerie Pub Papillon".
2006 TV series Papillon Rose: The New Season characters
Papillon soldiers and friends
Tsubomi/Papillon Rose is the woman protagonist of this eponymous series. She is in her 20s, of medium height with crimson hair and very light blue eyes. She is a server at the New Papillon maid cafe and spa. After she transforms her magical-girl lingerie costume is crimson (rose pink) in color and identifies herself as "the crimson butterfly of the night".
Anne/Papillon Lily is tall and voluptuous woman in her early 20s, with brown hair and blue eyes. After she transforms, her magical-girl lingerie costume is dark blue in color and identifies herself as "the jasper butterfly of the night". Eventually she becomes a server at the New Papillon maid cafe and spa.
Shizuku/Papillon Margarette is a woman in her late teens, of slight build with short blond hair, gold colored eyes and glasses. She is a graduating high school student now studying for college entrance exams. After she transforms her magical-girl lingerie costume is yellow in color and identifies herself as "the golden butterfly of the night". Eventually she becomes a server at the New Papillon maid cafe and spa.
Torakage is a mysterious masked young male ninja with blond hair. Because of the resemblance, both Tsubomi and Rama at first mistake him to be the deceased Hikaru. Eventually he reveals that he is Hikaru's twin brother Hibiki.
Rama is a female domestic house cat with Siamese-like gray markings, a pink butterfly mark on her forehead and violet eyes. The cat wears a collar around her neck and a yellow ribbon bow on the end of her tail. She talks to Tsubomi and gives her advice.
Men in Black and collaborators
Hibiki is man wearing dark suit over a white shirt and dark glasses long blond hair.
Smith is man wearing dark suit over a yellow shirt, dark glasses and short brown hair. He has a scar over his right eye.
Sakurada/Sautahiko is man wearing dark suit over a dark green shirt, dark glasses and short brown hair. Works on the computer in the company library much of the time.
Venusian woman is a thin woman with long blond hair and eye color that change between violet to brown. She wears gray suit with a high collar. She is tells the Men in Black that she is on Earth only as an observer but will provide information to them.
Otaku
Kurimoto
Ishimori
Kato
Enemy alien Susanoo sisters
Dark Empress Ran (Oldest) wears a gold winged crown with a l in the center of her forehead. She wears a long white robe with extended shoulder armor. She has long dark purple hair and eyes.
Dark Advisor Sue (Middle) wears a helmet with two horns over the eyes and a blue jewel in the center of her forehead. She has blue-violet eyes and medium-length dark blue hair with a longer ponytail hanging on the back. She is taller and more full figured than her sisters and wears a white robe, open in the front, to reveal it.
Dark General Miki (Youngest) wears a helmet with a gold horn in the center of her forehead with dark orange side ribbons and a short orange segmented armor skirt. She has long brown hair. She is sensitive about her short and relatively undeveloped stature.
The forgotten ones
Tsuchinogon is the monster in the first episode. He is an ape like giant and his power is shooting balls of fire from his snake-headed right arm. He is reduced to a tiny monkey (Hibagon/Hiba) and a small snake when Tsubomi breaks his spell with a blown kiss.
Babagappa is the monster in the second episode. He is a large and green skinned with a shell and a beak like a turtle. He has a long deep threatening laugh. He is a powerful fighter using both feet and fists in battles. He is a fusion of the world-class pro wrestler "G. Baba" and a kappa (Kappa). He is reduced to a pair of wrestling shoes and a small kappa when the spell binding him is broken.
Sparky/Prince Umayado Ten is the main opponent in the third episode. He is a thick brown-furred nine-tailed bipedal male figure with two electrical sparking rods projecting from his shoulders. He has a cat-like face with whiskers, handlebar mustache and a goatee. He also wears a small round hat. He is called "Sparky" by Miki. His powers are electrical shocks from direct contact and from the violet cards he throws. He also can disable the Papillon's spirit weapons. Once his spell is broken he decomposes into a small two-tailed "Lightening Marten" and a paper Prince Shōtoku 10,000 yen note.
Isshie Mosshie Kusshie is the monster in the fourth episode. It is a giant a three-headed reptilian monster with the power to launch energy balls from any of its three mouths. Miki calls it "Triple-head". When the spell is broken it decomposes into three small pliosaur-like fin-footed reptilian aquatic animals.
Kusanagi Dahlia is the main opponent in the fifth episode. She physically appears to be Papillon Dahlia but is a mindless murdering automaton under Miki's control. She is a fusion of the cursed sword Kusanagi and the deceased Papillon Dahlia's spirit.
Deceased characters
Papillon Dahlia was an original Papillon team member who was killed during the battle with Regina Apis. She was in her early twenties and had short, fluffy, greenish-black hair and green eyes. Her costume was also green. She was also known as the "Jade Butterfly".
Flora was a character that important to Rama who was killed in the battle with Regina Apis. An extraterrestrial whose planet is now threatened. Rama calls out this name during the final battle with Regina Apis.
Hikaru/Dandy Lion was Tsubomi's lover and guidance councilor killed in the battle with Regina Apis. He returns in Tsubomi's dreams.
Regina Apis was the main antagonist in the OVA episode killed in a final battle that also killed other characters. She reappears in flashbacks.
Others
Manager is the manager of the "New Papillon" maid cafe and spa. He tries to impose discipline on his distracted staff and keep the operation running. He occasionally suggests good ideas during the conflicts. He takes in and becomes attached to the small animals that result from the decomposition of the monsters. Voiced by: Takashi Matsuyama
See also
List of Papillon Rose episodes
References
External links
Papillon Rose |
Nagoya Stock Exchange (名古屋証券取引所 Nagoya Shōken Torihikijo, NSE) is a stock trading market in Nagoya, Japan. It is Japan's second largest exchange, behind the Tokyo Stock Exchange.
History
The Nagoya Stock Exchange (NSE) is the successor to the Nagoya Stock Exchange Co. Ltd., which was founded in 1886. It was founded in 1949 as a corporation with securities companies as members under the terms of the Securities and Exchange Law. In 2002, Nagoya Stock Exchange, Inc. was established after demutualization of NSE. The Nagoya Stock Exchange is a stock corporation that provides an Exchange Securities Market under authorization of the Prime Minister.
It is operated by Nagoya Stock Exchange, Inc. (株式会社名古屋証券取引所) and has normal trading sessions from 09:00 to 15:30 on all days of the week except Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays declared by the Exchange in advance.
See also
List of East Asian stock exchanges
List of stock exchanges
References
External links
Official Site
Buildings and structures in Nagoya
Economy of Nagoya
Stock exchanges in Japan
Financial services companies established in 1949
1949 establishments in Japan |
Legal education in India generally refers to the education of lawyers before entry into practice. Legal education in India is offered at different levels by the traditional universities and the specialised law universities and schools only after completion of an undergraduate degree or as an integrated degree.
Legal Education in India is regulated by the Bar Council of India, a statutory body established under the section 4 of Advocates Act 1961. Any institution imparting legal education in India must be approved by the Bar Council of India.
History
India has a recorded legal history starting from the Vedic ages and some sort of civil law system may have been in place during the Bronze Age and the Indus Valley civilization. Law as a matter of religious prescriptions and philosophical discourse has an illustrious history in India. Emanating from the Vedas, the Upanishads and other religious texts, it was a fertile field enriched by practitioners from different Hindu philosophical schools and later by Jains and Buddhists.Secular law in India varied widely from region to region and from ruler to ruler. Court systems for civil and criminal matters were essential features of many ruling dynasties of ancient India. Excellent vedic court systems existed under the Mauryas (321-185 BCE) with epics like Arthashastra defining law and Manusmrithi or Manusmriti defining royal duties. After the shift from Mughal legal system, the advocates under that regimen, “vakils”, too followed suit, though they mostly continued their earlier role as client representatives. The doors of the newly created Supreme Courts were barred to Indian practitioners as right of audience was limited to members of English, Irish and Scottish professional bodies. Subsequent rules and statutes culminating in the Legal Practitioners Act of 1846 which opened up the profession regardless of nationality or religion.
In India, legal education has been traditionally offered as a three years graduate degree. However the structure has been changed since 1987. Law degrees in India are granted and conferred in terms of the Advocates Act, 1961, which is a law passed by the Parliament both on the aspect of legal education and also regulation of conduct of legal profession. Under the Act, the Bar Council of India is the supreme regulatory body to regulate the legal profession in India and also to ensure the compliance of the laws and maintenance of professional standards by the legal profession in the country.
To this regard, the Bar Council of India prescribes the minimum curriculum required to be taught in order for an institution to be eligible for the grant of a law degree. The Bar Council also carries on a period supervision of the institutions conferring the degree and evaluates their teaching methodology and curriculum and having determined that the institution meets the required standards, recognizes the institution and the degree conferred by it.
Traditionally the degrees that were conferred carried the title of LL.B. (Bachelor of Laws) or B.L. (Bachelor of Law). The eligibility requirement for these degrees was that the applicant already have a Bachelor's degree in any subject from a recognized institution. Thereafter the LL.B. / B.L. course was for three years, upon the successful completion of which the applicant was granted either degree.
However upon the suggestion by the Law Commission of India and also given the prevailing cry for reform the Bar Council of India instituted upon an experiment in terms of establishing specialized law universities solely devoted to legal education and thus to raise the academic standards of legal profession in India. This decision was taken somewhere in 1985 and thereafter the first law University in India was set up in Bangalore which was named as the National Law School of India University (popularly 'NLS'). These law universities were meant to offer a multi-disciplinary and integrated approach to legal education. It was therefore for the first time that a law degree other than LL.B. or B.L. was granted in India. NLS offered a five years law course upon the successful completion of which an integrated degree with the title of "B.A.,LL.B. (Honours)" would be granted.
Thereafter other law universities were set up, all offering five years integrated law degree with different nomenclature. The next in line was National Law Institute University set up in Bhopal in 1997. It was followed by NALSAR university of law set up in 1998. The National Law University, Jodhpur offered for the first time in 2001 the integrated law degree of "B.B.A, LL.B. (Honours)" which was preceded by the West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences offering the "B.Sc., LL.B. (Honours)" degree. KIIT Law School, Bhubaneswar became the first law school in India in 2007 to start integrated law in three different streams and honours specialisation; i.e. BA/BBA/B.Sc. LLB (Honours).
However, despite these specialized law universities, the traditional three year degree continues to be offered in India by other institutions and are equally recognized as eligible qualifications for practicing law in India. Another essential difference that remains is that while the eligibility qualification for the three year law degree is that the applicant must already be a holder of a Bachelor's degree, for being eligible for the five years integrated law degree, the applicant must have successfully completed Class XII from a recognized Boards of Education in India.
Both the holders of the three year degree and of the five year integrated degree are eligible for enrollment with the Bar Council of India upon the fulfillment of eligibility conditions and upon enrollment, may appear before any court in India.
The University Grants Commission approved one-year LLM courses in India on 6 September 2012 and the guideline for the same was notified in January, 2013.“We have an immense problem with the faculty, especially with more than 900 plus law schools all over the country, we suffer for want of faculty. The curriculum needs to be regulated and we will have to gradually upscale and upgrade,” confessed erstwhile law minister, Veerappa Moily.
Academic degrees
In India, a student can pursue a legal course only after completing an undergraduate course in any discipline. However, following the national law school model, one can study law as an integrated course of five years after passing the senior secondary examination.
Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) - The LL.B. is the most common law degree offered and conferred by Indian universities which has a duration of three years. Almost all law universities follow a standard LL.B. curriculum, wherein students are exposed to the required bar subjects.
Integrated undergraduate degrees - B.A. LL.B., B.Sc. LL.B., BBA. LLB., B.Com. LL.B., B.A.L. LL.B These degrees are mostly offered in the autonomous law schools having a duration of five years.
Master of Laws (LL.M.) - The LL.M. is most common postgraduate law degree which has a duration of one/two years.
Master of Business Law
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)
Integrated MBL-LLM/ MBA-LLM. -Generally a three years double degree integrated course with specialisation in business law.
Admission
As of 2012, admission to LLB and LLM in most of the autonomous law schools in India is based on performance in Common Law Admission Test (CLAT). However, the National Law University, Delhi and the private autonomous law schools conduct their own admission tests. The other entrance exams available for admission to law courses in India include AILET, LSAT, BVP CET and IPU, AUAT and AMU Law entrance exams among others.
In most of the traditional universities, the admission is done on the basis of an admission test to the constituent law college or a common admission test for its affiliated colleges. Some traditional universities and affiliated colleges also admits students on the basis of merit in the preceding examination. Recently Institute of Legal Education (ILE - Online Law School) Announced that free online certified law courses will starts from July 1, 2022.
See also
List of law schools in India
Institute of Legal Education (ILE - Online Law School)
References |
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, is one of the Satsunan Islands, usually classed with the Ōsumi Islands belonging to Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. The island, in area, has a population of 147. The island can only be reached by boat as it has no airport. There is regular ferry service with Yakushima, which is about 15 km to the east. Travel time is approximately 1 hour. The islanders are dependent mainly on fishing, agriculture and seasonal tourism. The entire island is within the borders of the Kirishima-Yaku National Park.
Geography
Kuchinoerabu-jima is located south of Kagoshima. The island is of volcanic origin, and has an area of approximately with a length of and width of . The highest elevations on the island are , with a height of and , with a height of above sea level. There are numerous hot springs on the island.
The island is an active volcano which has erupted several times during the modern period, including 24 December 1933, when several people were killed when lava masses buried several villages. In 1980, multiple explosion craters appeared along an north-south fissure on the slope east of Shindake. Shindake erupted again on 4 August 2014, generating a pyroclastic flow, but with no injuries or fatalities. The main crater erupted on the morning of 29 May 2015, prompting a level 5 alert level and the evacuation of the island.
The island's climate is classified as subtropical, with a rainy season from May through September.
History
During the Edo period, Kuchinoerabu-jima was ruled by the Shimazu clan of Satsuma Domain and was considered part of Ōsumi Province. Following the Meiji restoration, it was administered as Kuchinoerabujima Village, which encompassed part of Yakushima. It is now part of the city of Yakushima, Kagoshima.
Kuchinoerabu-jima is the last known location of missing American poet Craig Arnold, who was visiting the island in April 2009, doing research for a book on volcanos.
Volcanic eruptions of Mount Shindake
On May 18, 2015, Japanese scientists detected increased seismic activity and steam rising from the Shindake's crater, and on May 29, 2015, an eruption sent an ash cloud an estimated into the sky. No deaths and only one minor injury were reported by the Japanese government. The island's 140 residents were evacuated by Japan's coast guard. Previous eruptions occurred in August, 2014 and in 1980.
Shindake crater erupted on December 18, 2018, ejecting an ash cloud 2 kilometers into above cloud coverage. Thirty days later on January 17, 2019, Shindake erupted again, sending pyroclastic flows 1.5 kilometers to the southwest and northwest of the crater as well as an ash cloud 6 kilometers into the atmosphere.
See also
List of islands in Japan
List of volcanoes in Japan
References
Further reading
Siebert, Lee. Volcanoes of the World. University of California Press. (2008)
Reed, Christina. Earth Science Decade by Decade. Infobase Publishing (2008)
External links
Kuchinoerabujima - Japan Meteorological Agency
- Japan Meteorological Agency
Kuchinoerabujima Volcano - Geological Survey of Japan
Ōsumi Islands
Yakushima, Kagoshima
Stratovolcanoes of Japan
Active volcanoes
VEI-4 volcanoes
Volcanoes of Kagoshima Prefecture
20th-century volcanic events
Islands of Kagoshima Prefecture
Holocene stratovolcanoes |
Lucio Guachalla (born 19 October 1949) is a Bolivian long-distance runner. He competed in the marathon at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
References
1949 births
Living people
Athletes (track and field) at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Bolivian male long-distance runners
Bolivian male marathon runners
Olympic athletes for Bolivia
Place of birth missing (living people)
South American Games silver medalists for Bolivia
South American Games bronze medalists for Bolivia
South American Games medalists in athletics
Competitors at the 1978 Southern Cross Games |
The championship play-off of the 1950–51 DDR-Oberliga took place on 20 May 1951 at the Ernst-Thälmann-Stadion in Chemnitz between Chemie Leipzig and Turbine Erfurt. The match decided the winner of the 1950–51 DDR-Oberliga, the 2nd season of the DDR-Oberliga, the top-level football league in East Germany. The match was necessary as both teams finished the season level on points. At the time, the rules stated that if this were to occur, a playoff would be necessary to decide the national champion. With a 2–0 victory, Chemie Leipzig secured the championship for their 1st national title.
Background
The final phase of the championship for a long time was a three-way battle between Motor Zwickau, Chemie Leipzig, and Turbine Erfurt. However, as Zwickau lost both games against these direct opponents, they ended up finishing third. Two matchdays before the end of the season saw Leipzig leading Erfurt by a point. But on the final day they lost their table lead after a 2–3 defeat against Rotation Babelsberg. At the same time, Erfurt won 2–0 against Zwickau, meaning Chemie Leipzig and Turbine Erfurt were level on points at the top of the table.
Match
Summary
While Chemie Leipzig were able to compete with their starting players, Turbine Erfurt were without defender Helmut Nordhaus and center-forward Wolfgang Nitsche, two important players. Both were suspended due to being disciplined in the international match between East Germany and Poland. Erfurt had another loss to cope with, as twelve minutes into the game, striker Heinz Hammer had to be substituted out due to an injury. Prior to that, Leipzig's attacker Georg Zenker had proven the dangerousness of his team with a good opportunity. At first the game was open, and Erfurt had an opportunity to take the lead in the 25th minute. However, Heinz Wozniakowski's free kick hit the post. Erfurt were thankful for the weak performance of the left attack side of Leipzig of Heinz Fröhlich and Rolf Grupe, and the absence of Nordhaus remained unnoticed for the time being.
The second half began with a strong offensive by Turbine Erfurt. In this period, the defence organized by Werner Eilitz of Leipzig proved its class. Leipzig had already conceded the fewest goals in the past Oberliga season, and now also stood up to the test of Erfurt. In the 52nd minute Erfurt scored what should have been a goal, but was falsely disallowed by referee Liebschner because of alleged offside player. In the middle of Erfurt's strong period, Chemie countered with surprising play. Rudolf Krause got past two Erfurt players and slotted the ball to Gerhard Helbig, who took the ball and scored past the Erfurt keeper for a 1–0 lead. Five minutes later, both players again found themselves combining. This time, Krause scored Leipzig's second goal with a 16-meter-long shot. Although Erfurt's best player, Jochen Müller, continued his efforts, Erfurt could no longer turn the result, and the match finished as a 2–0 win for Chemie.
Details
References
General references
DDR-Sportzeitung Deutsches Sportecho, 21 and 25 May 1951
Baingo/Horn: Geschichte der DDR-Oberliga. Göttingen 2007, , S. 26
1951 championship play-off
FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt matches
BSG Chemie Leipzig (1950) matches
1950–51 in East German football
Association football matches in East Germany |
Atacamita is a genus of beetles in the family Buprestidae, containing the following species:
Atacamita arriagadai Moore, 2001
Atacamita biimpressa (Philippi & Philippi, 1860)
Atacamita chiliensis (Laporte & Gory, 1835)
References
Buprestidae genera |
Astley's Amphitheatre may refer to:
Amphithéâtre Astley, Paris, France
Astley's Amphitheatre (Dublin), Ireland
Astley's Amphitheatre, London, England
Astley's Amphitheatre (Melbourne), Australia
See also
Philip Astley, founder of eponymous circus and theatre |
Theodora R. Troendle (October 19, 1893 – June 12, 1972) was an American composer, pianist, and music educator who composed a piano concerto, then premiered it as the soloist with the Chicago Women's Symphony Orchestra in 1927.
Troendle was born in Chicago to Victor Hugo and Isabel MacDonald Troendle. The family later moved to Minneapolis where Victor was president of the Troendle Wholesale Paper Company.
Troendle studied with Adolf Wiedig and Arne Oldberg at Northwestern University, and with pianist Fannie Bloomfield-Zeisler, working as her assistant from 1913 to 1920. Troendle taught in Chicago at the MacDowell School of Music, the Sherwood Music School founded by William Hall Sherwood, and at DePaul University School of Music. She served a term as president of the Society of American Musicians.
An excellent pianist, Troendle did a trial recording for the Victor Talking Machine Company in 1922 which was never commercially released. She played for Recordo piano roll 67220 and Story & Clark piano roll 72827. She gave recitals and toured as a pianist, appearing as a soloist with the St. Louis, Minneapolis, Indianapolis, Milwaukee, and Chicago Women's Symphony orchestras.
Troendle's music was published by Clayton F. Summy Co. Her publications include:
Article
How Fannie Bloomfield-Zeisler Taught (Etude magazine November 1929)
Orchestra
Piano Concerto
Poem (violin and orchestra)
Piano
Pomponette
Suite Juvenile
References
Hear
American women composers
American pianists
American music educators
1893 births
1972 deaths
People from Chicago
Northwestern University alumni
DePaul University faculty |
Count Wilhelm Mauritz Klingspor (7 December 1744 – 15 May 1814) was a Swedish noble military officer and one of the Lords of the Realm. He is probably best known from his time as field marshal of Finland during the Finnish War, where his command of the Swedish army contributed to the Swedish loss. He is also known for participating in the coup of 1809 that dethroned Gustav IV of Sweden.
Biography
Wilhelm Mauritz Klingspor was a member of the Swedish branch of the Klingspor noble family. He was the son of Christian Fredrik Klingspor (1711–1785) who was vice president of Svea Court of Appeal and who in 1771 had been made a friherre (baron).
Already as a child, Klingspor was given the rank of corporal in the Västergötland Cavalry Regiment, and as a young man he served in several French regiments during the Seven Years' War (1756-1763). In 1763 he returned to Sweden and made a career in the Swedish Army. In 1779 he was made a colonel and commander of the Västerbotten Regiment. In 1789 he was promoted to major general and in 1790 to lieutenant general.
Klingspor had made impressive efforts in the Quartermaster Corps of the Swedish Army, which resulted in him being appointed Quartermaster-General for the army in Finland during the war of 1788–1790. In this role, he saved the army's supplies at Anjala, which were close to falling into the enemy's hands.
In 1799, Klingspor was made a count and in 1800 was awarded the title Lord of the Realm by Gustav III. In 1802 he was promoted to general and was made commanding general (general en chef) in Finland. When the Finnish War broke out in 1808, Klingspor turned out to lack suitable experience or temperament to fulfill the role of commanding general in wartime. His instructions were to prioritise saving his army, but also to stop and delay the enemy as far as possible. He interpreted this instruction to mean that he should retreat in haste and having arrived to the headquarters in Hämeenlinna (Tavastehus) 2 March 1808, he ordered the army to retreat. His conduct of the hasty retreat to the north, all the way to Oulu, has been severely criticised.
Carl Johan Adlercreutz victory at the battle of Siikajoki 18 April demonstrated weaknesses in the Russian Army and finally convinced Klingspor (who had been made field marshal) to advance to the south with his army, but did not do so until early June. The command of the army continued to be weak under Klingspor, and following the battle of Ruona–Salmi 1–2 September 1808, the campaign was irretrievably lost. At this stage, Klingspor requested ships to transport the army from Finland to mainland Sweden. He then marched on Vaasa, which opened the possibility for the enemy to take a shortcut to Nykarleby and cut off the Swedish march, in case the army would need to continue to the north. However, Georg Carl von Döbeln's victory in the battle of Jutas 13 September 1808 opened the way. The following day, when the Swedish-Finnish army fought the bloody battle of Oravais under the command of Adlercreutz, Klingspor was as usual some distance ahead of the army.
After Klingspor had concluded the Truce of Lohteå on 29 September 1808, which meant that the army should retreat to Himanka, he was relieved of his command in a harshly worded decision.
Following the coup of 1809, which Klingspor participated in, he became a member of the new government. Together with Adlercreutz and Georg Adlersparre he received the thanks of the parliament of the estates following the coup. In 1809, he was made Governor of Stockholm, but was removed from this position in 1810 after his passivity failed to prevent the lynching of Axel von Fersen.
In a letter in December 1810 to the Russian empress dowager Maria Feodorovna he asked her to support his claim of damages for his loss of property in the Finnish War to the amount of half a million rubles. It seems that the letter never reached the hands of the empress dowager.
References
1744 births
1814 deaths
Field marshals of Sweden
Swedish military personnel of the Finnish War
18th-century Swedish military personnel
19th-century Swedish military personnel
Wilhelm
Swedish counts |
Constellation Brands, Inc. is an American producer and marketer of beer, wine, and spirits. A Fortune 500 company, Constellation is the largest beer import company in the US, measured by sales, and has the third-largest market share (7.4 percent) of all major beer suppliers. It also has sizable investments in medical and recreational cannabis through its association with Canopy Growth. Based in Victor, New York, Constellation has about 40 facilities and approximately 9,000 employees.
The company has more than 100 brands in its portfolio. Wine brands include Robert Mondavi, Kim Crawford, Meiomi, Simi Winery, Ruffino, and The Prisoner Wine Company. Constellation's beer portfolio includes imported brands such as rights in the United States to Corona, Modelo Especial, Negra Modelo, and Pacífico, as well as American craft beer producer Funky Buddha. Spirits brands include Svedka Vodka, Casa Noble Tequila and High West Whiskey, Nelson's Green Brier Tennessee Whiskey.
Breweries
Constellation Brands has two breweries in Mexico that produce Corona and Modelo beer for the US market. Those locations are in Nava, Coahuila, and Ciudad Obregón, Sonora.
A third Brewery in Mexicali Baja California was never finished due to Environmental issues. Instead, Constellation is building its third brewery in Veracruz Mexico.
History
Early days
The company was established in 1945 by Marvin Sands in the Finger Lakes region of New York as Canandaigua Industries, selling bulk wine to bottlers in the eastern United States. In its first year, the company sold approximately 200,000 gallons of wine and had gross sales of $150,000. The company was incorporated as Canandaigua Wine Company, Inc. in 1972 and went public in 1973. Marvin's son Richard Sands became president in 1993 and CEO in 1996. In 1999, Marvin Sands died following a brief illness.
In 1987, the company purchased the Manischewitz winery in Canandaigua, New York, and continues to license the Manischewitz name from R.A.B. Foods.
Expansion
In 2000, the company changed its name to Constellation Brands, Inc. to reflect the scope of the company and its range of brands. In 2007, Rob Sands was named president and CEO. During the 2000s, there were multiple acquisitions, with some divestments later in the decade. Acquisitions included BRL Hardy (Australia) and Nobilo (New Zealand) in 2003; Robert Mondavi Corp. for $1 billion in 2004; Vincor International, Canada's largest wine company, for $1.44 billion in 2006; Spirits Marque One (owner of Svedka Vodka) in 2007; and Beam Wines Estates, the wine operations of Fortune Brands (which included several major brands such as Clos du Bois) for $885 million in 2008. The company later moved to a more premium wine portfolio, divesting Almaden Vineyards, Inglenook Winery, and the Paul Masson winery in Madera, California, in 2008, and its value spirits portfolio to the Sazerac Company in 2009. They sold 30 low-cost wine labels in January 2021 to E. & J. Gallo for $810 million including Clos du Bois.
In 2013, Constellation acquired Grupo Modelo's US beer business from Anheuser-Busch InBev. The transaction included full ownership of Crown Imports LLC which provided Constellation with complete, independent control of all aspects of the US commercial business; a brewery in Mexico; exclusive perpetual brand license in the US to import, market and sell Corona and the Modelo brands and the freedom to develop brand extensions and innovations for the US market. Constellation had formerly imported Corona and other Modelo brands to the United States and acquired the US rights to those brands as a part of an anti-trust settlement permitting Modelo's acquisition by Anheuser-Busch InBev. It now produces its own versions of those products for the US, with Modelo serving all other countries. In 2014, Constellation finalized a joint venture with Owens-Illinois and completed the acquisition of Anheuser-Busch InBev's glass production plant, located adjacent to the company's brewery in Nava, Mexico.
In December 2015, Constellation announced the $1 billion acquisition of Ballast Point Brewing of San Diego. In October 2016, Constellation announced the $160 million acquisition of High West Distillery of Park City, Utah. In August 2017, Constellation announced the acquisition of Funky Buddha Brewery of Oakland Park, Florida.
In April 2018, Accolade Wines (acquired under the name BRL Hardy) was sold to private equity firm The Carlyle Group. Constellation had already in 2011 reduced its holdings in Accolade to 20%. In February 2019, Constellation announced it had acquired a minority stake in Black Button Distilling, a craft spirits distillery in Rochester, NY. In April 2019, Constellation announced a deal to sell wine brands, including Clos du Bois and Mark West, to E. & J. Gallo Winery for $1.7 billion. In July 2019, Constellation announced it had acquired a minority stake in Montanya Distillers, a craft-rum distillery in Crested Butte, Colorado and a majority stake in Nelson's Green Brier Distillery, a revival of the original Green Brier Tennessee Whiskey and Belle Meade Bourbon labels in Nashville, TN. In December 2019, the sale of Ballast Point Brewing to Kings & Convicts Brewery of Illinois was announced. Terms were not disclosed. In July 2020, Constellation Brands acquired Empathy Wines, co-founded by entrepreneur Gary Vaynerchuk. On September 15, 2020, it was announced Constellation Brands acquired craft spirits producer Copper & Kings American Brandy. In February 2022, Constellation was reported to have approached Monster Beverage to enter into a merger with a combined valuation above $90 billion.
In 2023, Constellation Brands sold Funky Buddha back to its founders
Cannabis
In 2017, the company began investing in medical marijuana. In March 2019, Bill Newlands became CEO. In October 2017, Constellation agreed to pay about C$245 million ($191 million) for a 9.9% stake in Canopy Growth Corporation, a Canadian seller of medicinal-marijuana products. At the time of the agreement, Constellation became the first Fortune 500 company and the first major alcoholic beverage maker to take a minority stake in a marijuana business. In August 2018, the company announced that it would invest an additional US$4 billion in Canopy Growth Corporation in advance of the legalization of recreational cannabis in Canada in October that year. The investment will increase its share in the Canadian Company to 38%. Canopy Growth president Bruce Linton said the additional funds would be used for international expansion and that future marketing plans included products such as cannabis-infused beverages and sleep aids.
Controversies
In 2010, a French court in Carcassonne, France, convicted 12 wine traders and producers for selling fake pinot noir wine to buyers in the US, amongst them Constellation, in a scheme that lasted from January 2006 to March 2008. Constellation later faced and settled a class action lawsuit because it "should have known" that the wine was fake.
In 2018 Constellation Brands was involved in a water rights dispute over a proposed manufacturing facility in the desert city of Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. This water comes from the Colorado River, which not only provides Mexicali and the agricultural valley but is also piped to the mountain and coastal cities of Tijuana, Tecate, Rosarito and to some areas of Ensenada.
In 2021, AB InBev sued Constellation Brands after the company launched two new Modelo-branded beers on the US market, arguing that the first beer illegally used the term tequila to describe the barrels where the beer was aged, and that the second beer was inappropriately using the term Bourbon to describe the barrels where the beer was aged because Bourbon has nothing to do with Mexico.
References
External links
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Companies based in Ontario County, New York
Food and drink companies based in New York (state)
Food and drink companies established in 1945
Wineries of the United States
1945 establishments in New York (state)
Drink companies of the United States
Family-owned companies of the United States
Spirit drinks manufacturers |
Waiora Te Ūkaipō - The Homeland is a 1996 play by New Zealand playwright Hone Kouka. The play describes the social dislocation that happens to Māori who leave their tribal lands. It is the first part of a trilogy with Homefires (1998) and The Prophet (2004), and the teenagers of The Prophet are the children of Waiora's Amiria, Rongo and Boyboy.
History
The play was commissioned by the Wellington International Festival of the Arts. Kouka has described the play as about immigrants, writing "unfortunately the immigrants in the play are Māori, displaced in their own country." The play was published by Huia Publishers in 2007 and then by Playmarket in 2019. Kouka says of the play that it is play is big in scope and 'naturalistic and impressionistic'.
Characters
The Whanau (family)
John/Hone - the father, late thirties, has always worked outside
Sue/Wai Te Atatu - the mother, had her children in her teens
Amiria - 19, eldest daughter, a beauty, thinks of herself as Pākehā
Rongo - 18, daddy's girl, sings like a tūī, but not since leaving Waiora
Boyboy - 16, whangai (adopted), sporty, loves the outdoors
The Guests
Steve Campbell - Hone's boss, Pākehā, late 30s or early 40s.
Louise Stones - a secondary school teacher, twenties, Pākehā, outspoken, liberal and not a local
The Tīpuna (ancestors) - a group of four ancestors, whose focus is Rongo. A metaphor for what has been left behind.
The Stranger: one of the tīpuna
Synopsis
The play is set on a beach, on the east coast of the South Island in late summer, March, in the year 1965. The Waiora of the title is a fictional place on the East Coast of the North Island. Hone has recently moved his family to the South Island for work in a timber mill. The whanau have gathered on the beach to celebrate Rongo's 18th birthday, and have invited Louise, as Wai's friend and Boyboy's teacher, and Steve as guest of honour. The whanau are expecting Steve to promote Hone (who Steve calls John) to foreman at the mill.
The play opens with the tīpuna walking on the beach, singing of their sadness at leaving their original homeland with the waiata "Taukuri e". Now the place is prepared, the whanau arrive to set up for their celebration. Boyboy is proud to be putting down his first hangi, but in his desperation to please Hone, leaves the fire unattended to collect mussels, and the fire gets out of control.
Louise presses Steve to tell Hone about the promotion, but Steve tells her he has a bonus for Hone, not a promotion. Boyboy overhears, and reveals to the whanau that Steve isn't going to promote Hone because he is Māori and it wouldn't be accepted. Amiria admits that she is going to marry her Pākeha boyfriend and move to Auckland. Rongo retreats and withdraws from the conflict and is later found unresponsive in the water. Through karakia and haka she is brought back from the tīpuna.
Productions
Critical reception
Nancy Brunning remembered a variety of responses to the first productions of Waiora: "The response to the '96 première of Waiora ranged from standing ovations to heated debates. It brought many Māori together and it angered many Pākehā who were turned off by the portrayal of Pākehā/Māori relationships. Some audiences, Pākehā and Māori alike, took offence at a Māori play daring to say Māori were being treated like immigrants in their own country."Critic Murray Edmond says "Waiora was the play which gave Hone Kouka a significant presence in New Zealand theatre as a Māori playwright." David O'Donnell considers that the success of plays such as Waiora and Briar Grace-Smith's Purapurawhetū "is partly due to their dynamic fusion of traditional Māori performance traditions with the dramatic structures inherited from European playwriting." The productions at the Brighton Festival and the tour in Hawaii were considered "a great success". Kouka said "Its uniqueness became a highlighted point. Previously we had been in the shadows of New Zealand theatre. From a world viewpoint, it's the other way round." At the Whakatāne performance, the audience replied to the haka with their own.
Sonia Yee, the first Chinese woman graduate of Toi Whakaari, credits Waiora as one of the drama pieces which made her want to go to drama school. Rajeev Verma, part of "Those Indian Guys" in Auckland, also considers Waiora as formative: "I saw this story that was truthful, and it was about people that were relevant to this country. And it had a very clear purpose for our New Zealand community."
References
New Zealand plays
Theatre in New Zealand
Plays about families
Plays about race and ethnicity
1996 plays
Works about Māori people |
Cropredy Methodist Church is a Methodist church in the village of Cropredy, Oxfordshire.
History
The Wesleyan congregation in Cropredy was established around 1822, but by the early 1880s had outgrown its first chapel.
A new chapel was planned and the foundation stones were laid on Easter Monday 18 April 1881 The architect was Edward Pincher of West Bromwich and the chapel with a seating capacity of 200 was completed by August of the same year. The builder was Thomas Cherry of Cropredy, supervised by Caleb Mander of Banbury. The opening service was held on 26 August 1881 when the sermon was preached by Rev. F.J. Sharr of London.
Organ
A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register.
References
Churches completed in 1881
Methodist churches in Oxfordshire |
The Dabei Monastery () is a Buddhist temple in the City of Tianjin, China.
The monastery was first built during the Ming dynasty, but has been heavily rebuilt and renovated since and consists now of the West Monastery from 1669 and the East Monastery from 1940. It is the largest and oldest in town covering 10,600 m2 (114,000 ft²).
West Temple and East Temple
The temple houses the Tianjin Buddhist Institute and exhibits many ancient statues. The Dabei Buddhist Monastery consists of two parts: an old monastery and a new monastery. These two parts are also known as the West Temple and the East Temple. The West Temple is the older of the two, built in 1669 during the Qing dynasty. The East Temple was built in 1940 by the monk Long Xian. The old monastery refers to the three great halls in the west yard. The construction of the old monastery started in the beginning of the Qing dynasty, and was renovated in the eighth ruling year of the Kangxi Emperor from the Qing dynasty. The West Temple includes the Tianjin Buddhist Institute, which encompasses the Wenwu Hall and the Buddhist Abbot Hall. The East Temple area is a wonderful collection of Buddhist-architecture buildings, most notable being the four great halls: Dabei, Grand, Tianwang Hall, and Dizang Hall. The statue of Sakyamuni is located in the Daxiong Palace in the east yard of the new monastery and was erected during the Ming dynasty. The entire Sakyamuni Statue is 7 meters high, weighs 6 tons, and has 9,999 small Buddhas carved on the lotus throne. Inside the Great Compassion Hall is located a 3.6-meter-high clay statue of Thousand-hand Kwan-yin.
Famous Relic
The monastery was once famous for holding a skull relic of Xuanzang, however, the relic was presented to India in 1956 when it was taken to Nalanda - allegedly by the Dalai Lama - and presented to India. The relic is now in the Patna Museum. And from then on, Great Compassion monastery takes the image of Xuanzang Master instead of the spirit bones for the worship of the Buddhist. There are memorials for Xuanzang Master and Hongyi Master in the east yard, while the west yard becomes an office for Cultural Relic Palace, Abbot Palace and Buddhist Association of China Tianjin Branch. In the Cultural Relic Palace of the west yard, there many collections from every dynasties since Wei and Jin Period including hundreds of Buddha statues which are made of various materials from bronze, iron, stone to wood.
Vegetarian Food
Dabei Great Monastery is the only monastery in Tianjin that provides vegetarian food to the public. Food made by the famous Tianjin Dabei Buddhist Monastery Vegetarian Food Corporation is served in the monastery, which includes Longevity Perch present basket, soybean vegetarian, multi-vitamin-calcium noodles, deepfreeze eight precious vegetarian steamed-buns, vegetarian dumplings, etc.
Location
The address of the temple is Tianwei Road, Hebei District (河北区天纬路; Héběiqū Tiānwěilù). It is located about 2 km West of Tianjin North Railway Station and can be reached via the bus lines 1, 2, 4, 12, 18, 34, 177, 609, 609, 610, 611, 619, 632, 641, 646, 659, 670, 671, 818, 861, 878, 904 that stop at the Jingangqiao Station (金钢桥; Jīngāngqiáo) on Zhongshan Rd (中山路; Zhōngshānlù).
References
Buddhist monasteries in China
Buddhist vegetarianism |
Tankerness is a district in the St Andrews parish in Mainland, Orkney, Scotland. Essentially a peninsula, it is about south-east of Kirkwall and east of Kirkwall Airport. The origin of the place name is uncertain, but it may derive from the Norse personal name "Tannskári". A "ness" is a promontory.
Geography
Tankerness is bounded to the north and west by Inganess Bay, to the east by Deer Sound, and to the south by the A960. Inganess Bay and Deer Sound meet at the prominent headland of Rerwick Head. Loch of Tankerness, which is just under in size, lies in the central area. The landscape is more gentle than the hilly terrain to the west and is fertile farmland. Bordering Inganess Bay is the Long Ayre, a kilometer-long gravel tombolo enclosing a tidal pool.
Geology
The Tankerness peninsula is underlain by Rousay flagstones, an Old Red Sandstone of Middle Devonian age, that were deposited in Lake Orcadie. These lacustrine rocks were laid down when the land that now forms Orkney was 16 degrees south of the equator within the Southern Hemisphere's desert belt. The flagstones show a marked cyclicity in their sedimentation, which is interpreted as representing regular climatically driven changes in lake level caused by Milankovitch cyclicity.
Prehistory
A charred hazelnut shell, recovered during the excavations at Longhowe in 2007, has been dated to 6820-6660 BC. This pushed back the earliest confirmed date of the occupation of Orkney by 3,000 years.
Mine Howe, at Toab in the south of Tankerness, is a prehistoric subterranean man-made chamber dug into a large mound. Its walls are lined with stones fitted to form an arch over the cavity and 29 steps lead to a rock floor. These steps descend to a half-landing where they turn back on themselves and a further steps descend to a chamber. This chamber is only about in diameter but is over high and has a corbelled roof. The mound is surrounded by a substantial causewayed ditch. The origin of the howe (from Old Norse word haugr meaning barrow) is not perfectly understood, although it is thought to date from the Iron Age. There is some similarity to the well inside the Broch of Gurness.
The Howie of the Manse is a ruined broch on the southern shore of Loch of Tankerness. Further east at Taing of Beeman there is a scattered prehistoric settlement, the remains of which are of unknown provenance.
In 1867 at nearby Groatsetter the fringed woollen Orkney Hood was discovered lying in peat. It has thought to date from the late Iron Age and may be the oldest textile ever found in Britain.
History
The Orkney Museum is located in Tankerness House, Kirkwall. This town house was acquired by James Baikie of Tankerness in 1641. Baikie was a successful Kirkwall merchant and a descendant of Paul Baikie, navigator to King Håkon IV of Norway.
To the south of Loch of Tankerness, is the Hall of Tankerness. This is a 19th-century farm steading on the site of the 12th-century drinking hall of Erling of Tankerness. Nearby is a pier, once used by the herring fleets.
Rerwick Head is the site of a Second World War battery. A variety of concrete buildings remain, including those that housed two six-inch guns salvaged from the battleship HMS Iron Duke. The guns, supported by powerful searchlights, guarded the approaches to Shapinsay Sound.
Wildlife
The Greenland white-fronted goose is occasionally seen at Loch of Tankerness. In 1960s 50-100 geese were regularly found there in the winter but there has been a sharp decline in numbers since 1974/75 probably as a result of reclamation of moorland and an increase in shooting in the area. The decline at this site matches an increase in the size of the wintering flock on Stronsay.
See also
Baron Wallace of Tankerness
References
Notes
Footnotes
General references
Jenkins, D.T. (2003) The Cambridge history of western textiles Volume 1. Cambridge University Press.
Omand, Donald (ed.) (2003) The Orkney Book. Edinburgh. Birlinn.
External links
Visit Scotland - Tankerness
Villages on Mainland, Orkney |
The Senate 2001 bloc () was an electoral alliance in Poland used by centre-right parties in the election to the Senate in 2001. It included post-Solidarity Electoral Action parties, who aimed to prevent domination of the Senate by the centre-left Democratic Left Alliance – Labor Union (SLD-UP). All of the component parties competed in the concurrent election to the Sejm separately (the Movement for the Reconstruction of Poland ran on the ticket of the League of Polish Families).
The parties involved in the alliance were:
Solidarity Electoral Action (coalition of RS AWS, Agreement of Polish Christian Democrats and Christian National Union), a Christian democratic alliance led by Jerzy Buzek
Law and Justice (with Right Alliance), a national conservative party led by Lech Kaczyński
Civic Platform (with Real Politics Union and Conservative-People's Party), a liberal conservative party led by Maciej Płażyński
Movement for Reconstruction of Poland, a conservative party led by Jan Olszewski
Freedom Union, a classical liberal party led by Władysław Frasyniuk
Pre-election polling put the alliance on 30 to 40 seats. However, in the event, it won only 15 seats to the SLD-UP's 75. The alliance remained as a caucus in the Senate until the 2005 election, but didn't run for any other office. Law and Justice and Civic Platform continued cooperation also during 2002 local elections as POPiS coalition.
The size of the caucus entitled the party to one member, Edmund Wittbrodt, of the Convention on the Future of Europe. Two of its members, Wittbrodt and Andrzej Chronowski, served as MEPs for three months after accession in 2004, before elections could be held.
Footnotes
Defunct political parties in Poland
Political parties established in 2001
Political parties disestablished in 2005
2001 establishments in Poland |
The following highways are numbered 847:
United States |
Kim Hyun-gyeom (Hangul: 김현겸; born June 27, 2006) is a South Korean figure skater.
He is a two-time ISU Junior Grand Prix medalist, 2023 South Korean silver medalist, and the 2020 South Korean Junior bronze medalist.
Personal life
Kim was born on June 27, 2006, in Seoul, South Korea.
Career
Early career
As an intermediate novice skater, Kim competed at 2018 Asian Open Trophy, where he won the gold medal. He then went on to finish fourth at the 2019 Korean Junior Championships that same year.
The following season, at 2019 Asian Open Trophy, Kim won the bronze medal as an advanced novice. Then going on to compete at the 2020 Korean Junior Championships, Kim won the bronze medal.
2020–21 season
Debuting on the senior national level, Kim placed eighth at the 2021 Korean Championships.
2021–22 season
Making his international Junior Grand Prix debut, Kim finished eighth and ninth at Junior Grand Prix Poland and Junior Grand Prix Austria, respectively.
Following a seventh-place finish at the 2022 Korean Championships, Kim closed his season with a gold medal in the junior event of 2022 Triglav Trophy.
2022–23 season
Kim began the 2022–23 figure skating season by making his senior international debut at 2022 Ondrej Nepela Trophy, where he placed fourth before going on to finish twelfth at 2022 Finlandia Trophy.
At the 2023 Korean Championships, Kim managed to win the silver medal behind Cha Jun-hwan after delivering two clean performances. As a result, Kim was selected to represent South Korea at the 2023 World Junior Championships in Calgary, Alberta.
At those championships, Kim placed eighth in the short program and sixth in the free skate segments of the competitions, scoring personal bests and finishing sixth overall. This placement earned two spots for South Korean men's singles skaters at the 2024 World Junior Championships.
2023–24 season
In late July, Kim competed at the 2023 South Korean ISU Junior Grand Prix Qualifiers, where he won the silver medal behind Seo Min-kyu, earning two assignments on the Junior Grand Prix circuit.
At his first assignment, the 2023 JGP Austria, he won the silver medal and set a new personal best score in the free skate in the process. He was the only skater at the event to attempt quadruple jump, but it was deemed underrotated. Kim then won gold at the 2023 JGP Hungary, again improving his free skate personal best and setting a new personal best in total score as well. His results qualified him for the 2023–24 Junior Grand Prix Final. The following week he appeared on the senior level at the Nepela Memorial, finishing fourth for the second consecutive season.
Following the Junior Grand Prix, Kim won the national qualifier for the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics, to be hold on home ice in Gangwon.
Programs
Competitive highlights
CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix
Detailed results
References
External links
2006 births
Living people
South Korean male single skaters
Sportspeople from Incheon |
```xml
import * as React from 'react';
import createSvgIcon from '../utils/createSvgIcon';
const ConfigurationSolidIcon = createSvgIcon({
svg: ({ classes }) => (
<svg xmlns="path_to_url" viewBox="0 0 2048 2048" className={classes.svg} focusable="false">
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</svg>
),
displayName: 'ConfigurationSolidIcon',
});
export default ConfigurationSolidIcon;
``` |
A terrorist attack took place on 26 June 2015 in Saint-Quentin-Fallavier, near Lyon, France, when a man, Yassin Salhi, decapitated his employer Hervé Cornara and drove his van into gas cylinders at a gas factory in Saint-Quentin-Fallavier near Lyon, France, which caused an explosion that injured two other people. Salhi was arrested and charged with murder and attempted murder linked to terrorism. Three other people were questioned by the police but released without charge. Salhi committed suicide at Fleury-Mérogis Prison in December that year.
The attack occurred on the same day as several other Islamist terrorist attacks, which have subsequently been named the 2015 Ramadan attacks, though any relationship between the various incidents is disputed. French authorities believe that Salhi has links with the Islamist terrorist group the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). The attack occurred during heightened public fears over Islamist attacks in France, a few months after the Île-de-France attacks in January 2015, including the Charlie Hebdo shooting.
Attack
At around 09:30 CEST (07:30 UTC) on 26 June 2015, Yassin Salhi, a delivery driver, gained entrance to the grounds of an Air Products factory in Saint-Quentin-Fallavier near the city of Lyon. He was driving a van with his dead 54-year-old employer, Hervé Cornara, inside it. He had tricked Cornara into getting into the van earlier that day, after which Salhi knocked him unconscious and strangled him. He then decapitated Cornara just before reaching the factory. Salhi had made regular visits to the factory, so he was known to employees at the site.
He placed Cornara's severed head on a fence railing and planted two Jihadist flag banners alongside it. The head had a cloth thrown over it with the Shahada written on it: "There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet." The headless body and a knife were found on the ground nearby. Salhi attempted to blow up the factory by ramming several gas cylinders, causing an explosion. Two other people were injured in the process. Video surveillance footage showed that the perpetrator also tried to open canisters containing flammable chemicals before being subdued minutes later. He shouted "Allahu Akhbar" as he met and was overpowered by firefighters responding to the scene. The perpetrator had also photographed himself with the slain victim and sent the image to at least one other person via WhatsApp, a French man who later joined ISIL.
Perpetrator
Yassin Salhi (25 March 1980 – 22 December 2015) was reported as the primary attacker, although he may not have acted alone. French police opened a file on Salhi in 2006, over suspected links with a radical Salafist group, but it was not renewed in 2008. In 2012, he was involved in an anti-Semitic attack on a Jewish teenager; the attack took place on a train travelling from Toulouse to Lyon. At the time of the 2015 attack, he was believed to be living in Saint-Priest, with his wife and three children.
Six years prior to the attack, Salhi spent a year in Syria with his wife and children, claiming he was there to learn Arabic. At the time of the attack, Salhi was also in regular contact with the French jihadist Sebastian Yunis, known to have left for Syria to join ISIS. Salhi claimed his reason for the attack was solely based on personal motives, saying a fight with his employer who fired him as well as a dispute with his wife pushed him to commit the attack. French authorities have linked him to ISIS.
Salhi's mother was Moroccan and his father, who died when Salhi was 16, was Algerian. Salhi grew up in Pontarlier, where he was tutored in Arabic by Amar Remimi, treasurer of the Philippe Grenier mosque association. In the mid-2000s, Salhi met and was radicalized by Frédéric Jean Salvi, who had served time at the nearby prison in Besançon until 2001. Salvi himself had converted to Islam while in prison, where he then became known as "Grand Ali". Salvi attended the same mosque in Pontarlier as Salhi, where he at one point was expelled for challenging the imam during a sermon. A coworker at the transport company, Abdel Karim, stated that Salhi had once asked him his opinion of Daesh. After hearing Karim's opinion, Salhi would no longer speak with him other than to say hello and goodbye.
According to his lawyer, Salhi had been earlier reprimanded by Cornara for dropping equipment from a pallet, and had attacked his former boss for personal reasons.
On 30 June, Salhi was charged with murder and attempted murder linked to terrorism, as well as destruction by means of an explosive substance.
On 22 December 2015, Salhi committed suicide in Fleury-Mérogis Prison by hanging himself with his bed sheets on the bars of his cell.
Related arrests
Another man was arrested hours after the attack at his home in Saint-Quentin-Fallavier. He was believed to be driving around the factory in a Ford Fusion car before the attack in a suspected reconnaissance attempt. On 26 June, he was released without charge.
Salhi's wife and sister were also arrested later that day. They were released without charge two days later. Earlier, his wife gave a radio interview, in which she denied the alleged terror links to the family.
Victim
The decapitated victim, Hervé Cornara, was the 54-year-old manager of a transport company based in Chassieu, about 20 miles from the attack. He was married and had a son. He had employed Salhi as a delivery truck driver starting in March.
Air Products
The company Air Products is a United States chemical company based in Allentown, Pennsylvania. Its president and CEO since July 2014, Seifi Ghasemi, is an Iranian-born Shia Muslim. In April 2015 the company won a contract to build, own and operate the world's largest industrial gas complex in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Air Products officials said security had been increased at its operations around the world as a precautionary measure. The company has facilities in more than 50 countries employing more than 21,000 people.
Domestic reaction
The President of France, François Hollande, left an EU summit in Brussels to return to France. Hollande said, "The attack bears the hallmarks of a terrorist attack." The French Minister of the Interior, Bernard Cazeneuve, was also reported to be traveling to the scene.
Other Islamist attacks
The attack in Saint-Quentin-Fallavier was one of five Islamist attacks that took place on the same day around the world, including in Tunisia, Kuwait, Somalia, and Syria. These attacks came three days after an audio message by ISIS senior leader Abu Mohammad al-Adnani was released that encouraged militant sympathizers to attack one year after ISIS declared themselves a state, during the month of Ramadan.
See also
2015 Ramadan attacks
2016 Normandy church attack
List of terrorist incidents, 2015
Vehicular assault as a terrorist tactic
List of Islamist terrorist attacks
References
2015 murders in France
History of Lyon
ISIL terrorist incidents in France
Islamism-related beheadings
June 2015 crimes in Europe
Terrorist incidents in France in 2015
Terrorist incidents involving vehicular attacks
June 2015 events in France
Vehicular rampage in France |
Sohini Ramachandran is professor at Brown University known for her work in evolutionary biology and population genetics.
Early life and education
Ramachandran's parents were both professors. In the summer before her senior year of high school, Ramachandran completed a research project in plant genomics under the guidance of Marcus Feldman, which won her the fourth place prize in the 1998 Westinghouse Science Talent Search, where when she was the youngest finalist in the group. Ramachandran earned a B.S. from Stanford University in 2002. She went on to complete a Ph.D. at Stanford University in the Department of Biological Sciences, advised by Marcus Feldman. Her dissertation research was dissertation was titled "The signature of historical migrations on human population genetic data." Following her PhD, she was in the Harvard Society of Fellows as a postdoctoral researcher with John Wakeley in Harvard University's Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology. She moved to Brown University in 2010 and was promoted to professor in 2021. In 2019, she was a fellow at the Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study.
Research
Ramachandran's research group uses statistical and mathematical modeling techniques to study evolutionary biology and population genetics. Her early research examined the genetic relationships originating within people from Africa, where she showed that diversity decreases as distance from Africa increases. She has also investigated the use of genetic tools to track infectious diseases and shown that while more outbreaks are occurring, fewer people are getting infected. She has also shown a lack of genetic evidence for selection for language at the FOXP2 site.
Selected publications
Honors and awards
In 2012, Ramachandran received a Sloan Research Fellowship and was named a Pew Scholar. From Brown University she has received the Henry Merritt Wriston Fellowship (2016) and the Philip J. Bray Award for excellence in teaching. In 2019, she received a Presidential Early Career Award in Science and Engineering.
References
External links
Research group website
External links
Living people
Stanford University alumni
Brown University faculty
American women geneticists
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century births
21st-century American biologists |
Kool may refer to:
People
Kool (surname), surname of Dutch origin
Robert "Kool" Bell (born 1950), American bassist and founder of Kool and the Gang
Roger Kool (1954–2005), Singaporean DJ (Roger Kiew)
Kool DJ Herc (born 1955), Jamaican–American DJ and hip hop pioneer (Clive Campbell)
Kool DJ Red Alert (born 1956), American DJ and hip hop pioneer (Frederick Crute)
DJ Kool (born 1958), American DJ and rapper (John W. Bowman)
Kool Moe Dee (born 1962), American rapper (Mohandas Dewese)
Kool Keith (born 1963), American rapper (Keith M. Thornton)
Kool Bob Love (born 1967), American DJ, breakdancer and streetball player (Bobbito Garcia)
Kool Shen (born 1966), French rapper, actor and producer (Bruno Lopes)
Kool G. Rap (born 1968), American rapper (Nathaniel T. Wilson)
Kool Kim (born 1971), American rapper (Kim Sharpton)
Kool Savas (born 1975), German rapper (Savaş Yurderi)
Kool Kojak (born 1970s), American musician (Allan P. Grigg)
Kool A.D. (born 1983), American rapper (Victor Vazquez)
Broadcasting
KOOL 96.5, the branding for radio station CKUL-FM in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
KOOL 97.3, the branding for radio station KEAG in Anchorage, Alaska
KOOL 99.1, the branding for radio station KODZ in Eugene, Oregon
KOOL 101.5, the branding for radio station CKCE-FM in Calgary, Alberta, Canada
KOOL 101.7, the branding for radio station KLDJ in Duluth, Minnesota
KOOL 101.9, the branding for radio station KFMH in Belle Fourche, South Dakota
KOOL 105.1, the branding for radio station KXKL-FM in Denver, Colorado
KOOL 105.9, the former branding for radio station KFBW (then KQOL) in Vancouver, Washington
KOOL 107.5, the branding for radio station CKMB-FM in Barrie, Ontario, Canada
KOOL 107.9, the branding for radio station KBKL in Grand Junction, Colorado
KOOL 108, the branding for radio station KQQL in Anoka, Minnesota
Kool FM, a pirate radio station in the UK
KOOL-FM, a radio station (94.5 FM) in Phoenix, Arizona
KKNT, a radio station (960 AM) in Phoenix, Arizona, formerly known as KOOL
KSAZ-TV, a television station (channel 10) in Phoenix, Arizona, formerly known as KOOL-TV
Other uses
Kool (cigarette), a brand of cigarettes
Kool (film), a 2011 Kannada language film
"Kool", a song by Benee from her 2020 album Hey U X
"Kool", a song by 28 Days from their 1998 album 28 Days
See also
Cool (disambiguation) |
Barru Regency is a regency of South Sulawesi Province of Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,174.72 km2 and had a population of 165,983 at the 2010 Census and 184,452 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 186,910 (comprising 91,453 males and 95,457 females). The principal town lies at Barru.
Administration
Barru Regency in 2020, as in 2010, comprised seven administrative Districts (Kecamatan), tabulated below from south to north with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and at the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2022. The table also includes the location of the district administrative centres,the numbers of administrative villages (rural desa and urban kelurahan) in each district, and its postal code(s).
Notes: (a) except the desa of Garessi, which has a post code of 90711. (b) except the kelurahan of Mallawa, which has a post code of 90711.
References
Regencies of South Sulawesi |
Florence Hayward is the name of:
Florence Hayward (1858–1939), a South Australian poet, pen name "Firenze"
Florence Hayward (writer), St. Louis author |
Aaron Samuel French (March 23, 1823 – March 24, 1902) was an American industrialist and philanthropist. French left school at an early age, and the first decades of his life were characterized by working a variety of jobs and recovering from prolonged illness. After co-founding a successful vehicular spring company, French gained prominence as a businessman and philanthropist in Pittsburgh during the second half of the 19th century.
Early life
Aaron French was born in 1823 in Wadsworth, Ohio to Philo French and Mary (McIntyre) French. He dropped out of school at age 12 to work as a farm laborer, later apprenticing as a blacksmith and working as an agent of the American Fur Company, among other jobs. In 1843, French married Euphrasia Terrill of Liverpool, Ohio, and they had five children, of whom three survived. Euphrasia died in 1870.
In 1844, at age 20, French enrolled at the Archie McGregor Academy in Wadsworth for an additional year of schooling. Following this, he worked as a wagon maker in Illinois, but fell ill and spent four years recuperating in Ohio. Once recovered, French found work in blacksmithing for several railroad companies, eventually rising to the position of superintendent of blacksmiths and master mechanic for the now-defunct Racine & Mississippi Railroad in Racine County, Wisconsin. When the American Civil War broke out, French volunteered but was rejected for health reasons. Instead, he was elected sheriff of Racine County and served from 1862 to 1864.
Business career
While finishing his term as sheriff, French partnered with Calvin Wells to establish the A. French Spring Company in Pittsburgh, which manufactured vehicular springs. The company began with just 10 employees in a small rented building near Union Depot, and French hired his son, Philo Nelson French, to work with them. Wells stepped down in 1884, and in 1887, Philo French was appointed general superintendent. At this time, the company boasted around 450 employees and a facility spanning two city blocks, by some accounts the largest of its kind in the world. As French's business expanded, he grew to become one of Pittsburgh's most prominent citizens, gaining membership to elite organizations such as the Duquesne Club, the Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce, the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club, and the Knights Templar. French also remarried, to Caroline B. Skeer of Chicago, and they had one child, Mary Adelaide, who died at age 18.
Philanthropy
French's business success also provided the funds and time to pursue philanthropy. He played a large part in the establishment of Georgia Tech's textile engineering department, which opened in February 1899, and was the young school's fourth department. French had met Lyman Hall, then president of the school, at a North Carolina summer resort, and Hall had convinced him of the need for a textile school in the South. French agreed to donate $2,500 unconditionally and an additional $3,000 if the government would match it; Hall convinced the state legislature to allocate $10,000. In recognition of this philanthropy, both the new school and the building that housed it bear French's name. The building still stands in what is now the Georgia Institute of Technology Historic District, and the textile school was expanded into Georgia Tech's School of Polymer, Textile & Fiber Engineering.
Death
French died in 1902, a day after his 79th birthday, in his Pittsburgh home. He was interred in a large polished-granite mausoleum in Allegheny Cemetery, unique in that cemetery for its Roman triumphal arch.
References
External links
Painted portrait of Aaron French
Mausoleum
1823 births
1902 deaths
Patrons of schools
People from Wadsworth, Ohio
Businesspeople from Pittsburgh
People from Racine County, Wisconsin
19th-century American Episcopalians
American industrialists
Wisconsin sheriffs
Burials at Allegheny Cemetery
19th-century American philanthropists
19th-century American businesspeople |
The Grand Isle County Courthouse is located at 3677 United States Route 2 in the center of North Hero, the county seat of Grand Isle County, Vermont. Built in 1824, it is one of the oldest surviving courthouses in the state, and the only surviving one built out of stone. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.
Description and history
The Grand Isle County Courthouse is prominently sited in the linear town center of North Hero, placed on a rise on the west side of US 2 overlooking City Bay. Its main block is a two-story stone structure, built out of locally quarried limestone and covered by a hip roof. An octagonal belfry rises from the center of the roof, and is covered by a gold octagonal onion dome. The main facade is five bays wide, with the entrance at the center, sheltered by a gabled portico with Tuscan columns. Above the entrance is a round-arched sash window; the other windows are rectangular sash, set in openings with granite sills and lintels. A shed-roof addition extends to the rear, and a second ell connects the main block to a two-story wood-frame house (formerly a jailer's residence) to the left.
Grand Isle County was organized in 1802, with North Hero named its county seat in 1804. Its early court sessions were held in private facilities such as the hotel and tavern of Jed Ladd, built in North Hero in 1803. With the county rising in population and prosperity, the matter of a permanent courthouse arose in 1823, resulting in the construction of this courthouse's main block the following year. Although there is no documentary support, it may have been designed by Scottish mason James Ritchie, who is credited with building most of the area's few surviving stone buildings of the period. The courthouse initially served as a court, jail, town hall, and church. In 1865 the town hall and church functions were removed to the newly built meeting house next door. In the early 20th century the building underwent further alteration, including construction of the adjacent jailer's house.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Grand Isle County, Vermont
References
Courthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Vermont
National Register of Historic Places in Grand Isle County, Vermont
Federal architecture in Vermont
Buildings and structures completed in 1824
Buildings and structures in North Hero, Vermont |
Lukinskoye () is a rural locality (village) in Lukinskoye Rural Settlement, Chagodoshchensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 41 as of 2002.
Geography
Lukinskoye is located south of Chagoda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Krasnaya Gorka is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Chagodoshchensky District |
Cosmo4 is a Swedish girl group consisting of four members: Yasmine Qin, Ulrika Liljeroth, Jenny Rogneby, and Rudina Hatipi. The group has released two successful singles since 2006. Previously, Carin da Silva was a member of the group until late 2006, when Carin left to concentrate on her studies and Rudina replaced her. Before that, Cosmo4's other previous members are named Lisa and Johanna, who were only a part of Cosmo4 in 2004 with their debut single "Mexico". The girls hail from different parts of the world. Yasmine is from China, Jenny is from Kenya, Rudina is from Kosovo and Ulrika is from Sweden; all of the girls live in Sweden.
Career
The group participated in the Swedish Melodifestivalen 2007 second semifinal with the song "What's Your Name" to compete for the chance to represent Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest in Finland. On 10 February, Cosmo4 was in the top five of Melodifestivalen 2007; in the final round of voting, the group placed fifth and was voted off of the contest. Despite this, their Melodifestivalen entry became a hit and it was played on Swedish commercial radio. Later on, Cosmo4 said in a newspaper that they will try again for Melodifestivalen 2009.
In 2007, Cosmo4 announced the release of their first album with hits such as Peek-a-Boo, Adios Amigos, and their Melodifestivalen entry, What's Your Name. Their debut album, "Around The World", was scheduled to release later in 2007 first in Russia under their Russian label Style Records.
In October, RobPop of Don't Stop The Pop reviewed a promo copy of this album and revealed the full 12 track line-up, however, the album never made it to shelves in Europe or on iTunes as planned by Lionheart. An interview with Ulrika later confirmed that Cosmo4 had disbanded and the reason for the album's cancellation was simply due to the fact they didn't feel the demand for an album wasn't big enough.
In 2008, however, their Thai publisher, Red Beat, began publishing a number of Cosmo4's album songs onto compilations, some of which are still available for purchase today on ethaicd and other various Thailand CD sites, which led to many songs such as "Vida Loca" and "Shop Shop" making it to YouTube. Despite the cancellations in Europe, it has been said that Red Beat went ahead with a small release of "Around The World" within Thailand during 2008. A cover of their single “Peek-A-Boo” was used for a commercial for Mattel’s Barbie Peek-a-boo Petites dolls.
Singles
Album
Around The World (2007)
Track listing
"What's Your Name?"
"Peek-A-Boo"
"A Girl's Gotta Do (What A Girl's Gotta Do)"
"I Think We're Alone Now" (Ritchie Cordell)
"Shop Shop"
"Adios Amigos"
"Vida Loca"
"Mexico"
"Poor Romeo"
"What's Not To Like"
"Whats Your Name (Holter Remix)"
"Peek-a-Boo (Soundfactory Club Mix)
(This is not the confirmed track listing from the Russian Record company)
References
https://web.archive.org/web/20160516223726/http://www.swedishcharts.com/
http://dontstopthepop.blogspot.com/2007/10/cosmo4-around-world-track-by-track.html
External links
official homepage
Cosmo4 at Bubblegum Dancer
info on cosmo4 in english
Info on SVT
Expressen article
DontStopthePop's review of the album
Swedish girl groups
Musical groups established in 2004
Musical groups disestablished in 2008
Melodifestivalen contestants of 2007
Melodifestivalen contestants of 2006 |
Hamburg is the name of the following places in the U.S. state of Indiana:
Hamburg, Clark County, Indiana
Hamburg, Franklin County, Indiana |
The Hydrographer of the Navy is the principal hydrographical Royal Naval appointment. From 1795 until 2001, the post was responsible for the production of charts for the Royal Navy, and around this post grew the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (UKHO).
In 2001, the post was disassociated from UKHO, and the Hydrographer of the Navy is now a title bestowed upon the current captain—hydrography and meteorology—on the staff of the Devonport Flotilla at HMNB Devonport.
History
Before the establishment of the post, captains of Royal Navy ships were responsible for the provision of their own charts. In practice this meant that ships often sailed with inadequate information for safe navigation, and that when new areas were surveyed, the data rarely reached all those who needed it. The Admiralty appointed Alexander Dalrymple as hydrographer on 12 August 1795, with a remit to gather and distribute charts to HM Ships. Within a year existing charts had been collated, and the first catalogue published. It was five years before the first chart—of Quiberon Bay in Brittany—was produced by the Hydrographer.
Under Dalrymple's successor, Captain Thomas Hurd, Admiralty charts were sold to the general public, and by 1825, there were 736 charts listed in the catalogue. In 1829, the first Sailing Directions were published, and in 1833, under Rear-Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort—of the eponymous Beaufort scale—the tide tables were first published. Notices to Mariners came out in 1834, allowing for the timely correction of charts already in use. Beaufort was certainly responsible for a step change in output; by the time he left the office in 1855, the Hydrographic Office had a catalogue of nearly 2,000 charts and was producing over 130,000 charts, of which about half were provided to the Royal Navy and half sold.
In 1939, on the outbreak of World War II, the Hydrographic Office moved to Taunton, and the post of hydrographer moved with it. In 2001, a chief executive was appointed to run the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office as a profit-making agency of the British government, and at this time the roles of National Hydrographer and Hydrographer of the Navy were divided. The title of hydrographer devolved to Captain (hydrography and meteorology), a senior officer on the staff of the Commodore of the Devonport Flotilla, and the senior Royal Navy officer within the HM branch. , the post has been renamed Captain (HM Ops), but continues to carry the title Hydrographer of the Navy.
List of hydrographers
1795–1808: Alexander Dalrymple
1808–1823: Captain Thomas Hurd
1823–1829: Rear Admiral Sir Edward Parry
1829–1855: Rear Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort
1855–1863: Rear Admiral John Washington
1863–1874: Vice Admiral Sir George Richards
1874–1884: Captain Sir Frederick Evans
1884–1904: Rear Admiral Sir William Wharton
1904–1909: Rear Admiral Sir Arthur Mostyn Field
1909–1914: Rear Admiral Sir Herbert Purey-Cust
1914–1919: Rear Admiral Sir John Parry
1919–1924: Vice Admiral Sir Frederick Learmonth
1924–1932: Vice Admiral Sir Percy Douglas
1932–1945: Vice Admiral Sir John Edgell
1945–1950: Rear Admiral Arthur Norris Wyatt
1950–1955: Vice Admiral Sir Archibald Day
1955–1960: Rear Admiral Kenneth Collins
1960–1966: Rear Admiral Sir Edmund Irving
1966–1971: Rear Admiral Steve Ritchie
1971–1975: Rear Admiral Geoffrey Hall
1975–1985: Rear Admiral Sir David Haslam
1985–1990: Rear Admiral Roger Morris
1990–1994: Rear Admiral John Myres
1994–1996: Rear Admiral Sir Nigel Essenhigh
1996–2001: Rear Admiral John Clarke
2001–2003: Captain Mike Barritt
2003–2005: Captain David Lye
2005–2007: Captain Ian Turner
2007–2010: Captain Robert Stewart
2010–2012: Captain Vaughan Nail
2012–2013: Captain Stephen Malcolm
2013–2016: Captain David Robertson
2016–2017: Captain Matt Syrett
2017–2019: Captain Gary Hesling
2019–2021: Captain Derek Rae
2021–2023: Commander Mathew J Warren
2023-: Rear Admiral Angus Essenhigh
Notes
References
External links
Hydrography
National hydrographic offices
Royal Navy appointments |
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