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"Looking for Love" is a song released under Karen Carpenter's name. It is regarded as the first release by what was to become the Carpenters. The music was written by Karen's brother, Richard Carpenter. It was recorded in 1966 and released on record label Magic Lamp, a small label with a limited budget. Even though Richard Carpenter does participate on the recording, it is printed "Karen Carpenter" on the recording contract and record label.
The record has now become a collectors' item and is worth between $2,000 to $2,500 as only 500 copies of the 45 rpm single were pressed. The single did not chart commercially and no music video was shot for the song (because promotional music videos were in their infancy at the time). This process led Magic Lamp to defunct, but the song, along with its B-side "I'll Be Yours", were later included on the 1991 4-CD box set From the Top. According to the liner notes for the album From the Top, the master tapes for this recording and its flip side were lost in a fire at Joe Osborn's house in 1974. All CD reissues have been made from a 45rpm copy owned by Richard Carpenter.
References
1966 debut singles
1966 songs
Karen Carpenter songs
Songs written by Richard Carpenter (musician) |
Events in the year 1963 in Norway.
Incumbents
Monarch – Olav V
Prime Minister – Einar Gerhardsen (Labour Party) until 28 August, John Lyng (Conservative Party) until 25 September, Einar Gerhardsen (Labour Party)
Events
21 March – MS Høegh Aronde sank near Morocco during a voyage from Sassandra to Valencia, resulting in the deaths of 15 of the 28 Norwegian crew members.
1 July – Work begins to build Tromsø Airport
28 August – Lyng's Cabinet was appointed.
25 September – Gerhardsen's Fourth Cabinet was appointed.
Norsk Hydro in cooperation with Harvey Aluminum starts Alnor, a plant at Karmøy to produce aluminium
Municipal and county elections are held throughout the country.
The Munch Museum was opened, 100 years after Edvard Munch's birth.
Popular culture
Sports
Football (No Data Given)
Music
Top songs of 1963 in Norway
Arne Bendiksen - "Jeg vil ha en blå ballong"
Cliff Richard - "Summer Holiday"
Ned Miller - "From a Jack to a King"
Cliff Richard - "Lucky Lips"
Elvis Presley - "(You're the) Devil in Disguise"
Kyu Sakamoto - "Sukiyaki"
Wenche Myhre - "Gi meg en cowboy til mann"
Bobby Bare - "Detroit City"
Cliff Richard - "Don't Talk to Him"
Film
Om Tilla, by Arne Skouen
Literature
Stein Mehren, poet, novelist, essayist and playwright, is awarded the Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature and the Mads Wiel Nygaards Endowment for Mot en verden av lys.
Notable births
January
4 January – May-Britt Moser, neuroscientist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
7 January – Georg Andersen, shot putter.
14 January – Steffen Kverneland, comics artist.
15 January – Erling Kagge, adventurer and publisher.
23 January – Rune Gulliksen, ice hockey player.
30 January – Terje Holtet Larsen, journalist and author.
February
3 February
Jørn Andersen, footballer.
Kathrine Bomstad, swimmer.
Liv Heløe, actress and playwright.
5 February – Jan Kvalheim, beach volleyball player.
8 February – Siri A. Meling, politician.
March
14 March – Lisbeth Berg-Hansen, politician.
April
10 April – Rune Christiansen, poet and novelist
14 April – Gunvor Eldegard, politician
20 April
Pål Hembre, sport shooter.
Christopher Nielsen, comics artist.
21 April – Lars Monsen, adventurer and journalist.
28 April
Amund Djuve, journalist and newspaper editor.
Beate Grimsrud, writer (died 2020).
28 April – Henrik Hellstenius, composer and musicologist
May
4 May – Jørgen Salsten, ice hockey player.
16 May – Carl Erik Johannessen, sailor.
26 May – Merethe Lindstrøm, writer.
June
4 June
Elin Brodin, novelist.
Solveig Kringlebotn, operatic soprano.
10 June – Kristin Vinje, chemist and politician.
20 June
Viel Bjerkeset Andersen, artist
Anne Jahren, cross-country skier.
July
2 July – Christl Kvam, nurse, economist, trade unionist, civil servant, and politician.
4 July – Heidi Støre, footballer.
6 July – Rolf Terje Klungland, politician.
7 July – Geir Karlstad, speed skater.
27 July – Lars Bjønness, competition rower.
August
8 August – Christian Tybring-Gjedde, politician.
9 August – Arne Hjeltnes, writer, television personality, and politician.
27 August – Kirsti Leirtrø, politician.
29 August – Hilde Frafjord Johnson, politician
September
16 September – Vidar Kleppe, politician.
22 September – Lisa Scheibert, rower.
October
5 October – Ronni Le Tekrø, guitarist (TNT)
18 October – Sigvart Dagsland, singer, pianist and composer
November
17 November
Einar Hålien, newspaper editor.
Roy Waage, politician.
19 November – Geir Jørgen Bekkevold, politician.
30 November – Einar Gausel, chess player.
December
5 December – Ingrid Bjørnov, singer, songwriter, keyboard player, composer and text writer.
12 December – Arve Seland, footballer.
25 December – Øystein Fevang, singer and choir conductor.
27 December – Sigrid Brattabø Handegard, politician
Full date unknown
Synnøve Eriksen, novelist
Ole Amund Gjersvik, jazz musician.
Geir Gulliksen, writer and publisher.
Notable deaths
15 January – Bertel Flaten, politician (b.1900)
1 February – Hermann Helgesen, gymnast and Olympic silver medallist (b.1889)
6 March – Ole Øisang, newspaper editor and politician (b.1893)
7 March – Joachim Holst-Jensen, film actor (b.1880)
8 March – Per Askim, naval officer (b.1881).
13 March – Edvin Paulsen, gymnast and Olympic bronze medallist (b.1889)
23 March – Thoralf Skolem, mathematician (b.1887)
24 March – Peder Holt, politician (b.1899)
28 March – Tollef Tollefsen, rower and Olympic bronze medallist (b.1885)
1 April – Agnes Mowinckel, actress and stage producer (b.1875).
10 April – Ottar Gjermundshaug, Nordic combined skier (b.1925)
11 April
Thorleif Holbye, sailor and Olympic gold medallist (b.1883)
Arvid Gram Paulsen, jazz musician and composer (b. 1922)
13 June – Olav Bjørnstad, rower and Olympic bronze medallist (b.1882)
14 June – Olav Hindahl, trade unionist and politician (b.1892)
17 June – Eugen Lunde, sailor and Olympic gold medallist (b.1887)
20 June – Erling Vinne, triple jumper (b.1892)
30 June – Erling Aastad, long jumper and sprinter (b.1898)
11 July – Paal Kaasen, sailor and Olympic gold medallist (b.1883)
14 July – Rasmus Hatledal, topographer and military officer (b.1885)
27 July – Trygve Bøyesen, gymnast and Olympic silver medallist (b.1886)
2 August – Thorstein Johansen, rifle shooter and Olympic gold medallist (b.1888)
7 August – Knut Markhus, educator and politician (b. 1878).
18 September – Karl Johan Edvardsen, politician (b.1883)
20 September – Thorleiv Røhn, military officer, gymnast and Olympic gold medallist (b.1881)
27 September – Svein Olsen Øraker, politician (b.1886)
2 November – Per Gulbrandsen, rower and Olympic bronze medallist (b.1897)
18 November – Astrid Skare, politician (b.1891)
1 December – Jacob Erstad, gymnast (b.1898)
16 December – Anton Beinset, journalist, newspaper editor, short story writer, crime fiction writer and politician (born 1894).
19 December – Ingolf Rød, sailor and Olympic gold medallist (b.1889)
27 December – Sigvard Sivertsen, gymnast and Olympic gold medallist (b.1881)
Full date unknown
Nils Selmer Hauff, bookseller (b.1882)
Hjalmar Holand, historian (b.1872)
Kjeld Stub Irgens, sea captain and collaborator minister (b.1879)
Lars Knutsen, shipowner (b.1884)
Magnus Olsen, linguist and professor of Norse philology (b.1878)
Ulrik Olsen, politician and Minister (b.1885)
Didrik Arup Seip, linguist and professor (b.1884)
See also
References
External links |
Edward Lawrence Keyes (August 28, 1843 – January 24, 1924) was a leading American urologist of the late 19th century and the first president of the American Association of Genitourinary Surgeons at its founding in 1888.
Life
Keyes, a son of General Erasmus D. Keyes, was born August 28, 1843, at Fort Moultrie Army Base in Charleston, South Carolina. He studied at Yale College, 1859–1863, graduating with a master's degree, and briefly served as his father's aide-de-camp as a captain in the United States Army. After graduating from Medical College of the New York University, he entered into practice with one of his teachers, William Holme Van Buren. In 1870 he himself began lecturing on dermatology and genitourinary surgery at Bellevue Hospital Medical College.
Family
Keyes married Sarah Loughborough on April 26, 1870. From 1881 to 1907 they lived at 930 Fifth Avenue, which they had decorated by John F. Douthitt and where Sarah hosted a salon.
Their son, Edward Loughborough Keyes, was like his father a noted urologist.
Edward Lawrence Keyes died from pneumonia at his home in New York on January 24, 1924. He was buried at Gate of Heaven Cemetery.
Publications
with William H. Van Buren, Surgical Diseases of the Genito-Urinary Organs Including Syphilis (1874)
The Venereal Diseases Including Stricture of the Male Urethra (1880)
with Charles H. Chetwood, Venereal Diseases: Their Complications and Sequelae (1900)
References
1843 births
1924 deaths
American urologists
Burials at Gate of Heaven Cemetery (Hawthorne, New York)
New York University Grossman School of Medicine alumni
People from Sullivan's Island, South Carolina
United States Army officers
Yale College alumni |
Feelin' Sorry...For All The Hearts We've Broken was the first album that Jeffries Fan Club released. A music video was made for the song "Milk".
Track listing
"Goodbye Theme" – 4:11
"Milk" – 3:18
"Wish You Weren't Here" – 2:12
"Waste Of Time" – 3:20
"Another Love Story" – 2:53
"I Must Be Stupid" – 4:25
"Dream Girl" – 2:49
"I Want More" – 4:33
"Walking On Sunshine" – 3:20
Katrina and the Waves cover
"12" – 2:56
Personnel
Chris Colonnier - Trombone
Derek Gibbs - Bass guitar
Mike Dziurgot - Vocals & guitar
Justin Ferreira - drums
Chris Rush - Trumpet
Sonnie Johnston - Guitar
1997 albums
Jeffries Fan Club albums |
On April 8, 2022, unknown jihadists ambushed a Burkinabe military base near the town of Namissiguima, in Sanmatenga Province, Burkina Faso.
Prelude
In 2015, northern Burkina Faso became embroiled in a jihadist insurgency, after Islamist groups from eastern Mali infiltrated north and central provinces. Sanmatenga province became a hotspot of violence, with attacks in 2019 ramping up and killing dozens of people. In January 2022, the elected president Roch Marc Christian Kaboré was overthrown by disgruntled military captains led by Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba over Kabore's mismanagement of the war. Despite this, in March 2022, over 30 people were killed in jihadist attacks in northern Burkina Faso. The attack in Namissiguima was a response to battles in Barsalogho the previous day, where the Burkinabe army went on the offensive. In the battles, twenty jihadists were killed.
Attack
Around 5:00 am on April 8, around 40 gunmen attacked the town of Namissiguima and it's military base, setting fire to houses and the local market. The Burkinabe government stated that their forces took heavy losses in relation to the jihadists, but did not give a toll for jihadist casualties, although RFI claimed there were some killed.
Casualties and aftermath
The Burkinabe government stated twelve Burkinabe soldiers were killed, along with four VDP. Twenty-one soldiers were injured as well. The government also stated the arrival of reinforcements to the area.
References
2022 in Burkina Faso
Attacks in Africa in 2022
Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso |
Joseph Carr (London, 1739 – Baltimore, Maryland, October 20, 1819) was an American music publisher. He was the father of Thomas and Benjamin, and was one of the most influential publishers in the early history of the United States.
Biography
Born in London and descended from a long line of publisher-merchants, he was a skilled engraver. He kept a retail shop in Holborn from about 1770 until he immigrated to Baltimore in February 1794, where he established a similar business.
He formed a business partnership with his son Benjamin, and together they dominated the American music publishing industry until about 1800.
Publications
The Carrs published stage works, vocal music, keyboard pieces, and instrumental music. While much of the music was originally from Europe, especially the British Isles, there were also many published works by important early American composers, such as Alexander Reinagle and James Hewitt.
Much of their music was printed in serial format, such as the multiple-volume Musical Journal for the Piano Forte (1800–04), at the time the largest collection of secular music issued in America.
On his death, Carr bequeathed the firm's holdings, which included over 2000 plates, to his younger son Thomas.
Footnotes
References
American music publishers (people)
1739 births
1819 deaths
Sheet music publishers (people)
English emigrants to the United States |
Silver Ridge is a locality in the Lockyer Valley Region, Queensland, Australia.
Geography
Rocky Knob is a mountain in the south of the locality (), rising to a peak of above sea level.
The land use is predominantly grazing on native vegetation. Most of the residential land use is in the south-west of the locality along Flagstone Creek Road and Blanchview Road.
History
The locality was named on 11 May 1985 and bounded on 18 February 2000.
In the , Silver Ridge had a population of 177 people.
Education
There are no schools in Silver Ridge. The nearest government primary school is Gabbinar State School in Centenary Heights, a suburb of Toowoomba, to the north-west. The nearest government secondary school is Centenary Heights State High School, also in Centenary Heights.
References
Lockyer Valley Region
Localities in Queensland |
Redman is an unincorporated community in Macon County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
History
An old variant name was "Ettle". A post office called Ettle was established in 1882, the name was changed to Redman in 1890, and the post office closed in 1914. The present name most likely honors George Redman, an early settler.
References
Unincorporated communities in Macon County, Missouri
Unincorporated communities in Missouri |
Major Roy Alexander Farran (2 January 1921 – 2 June 2006) was a British-Canadian soldier, politician, farmer, author and journalist. He was highly decorated for his exploits with the Special Air Service (SAS) during the Second World War. Farran became widely known after his court-martial on a charge of murdering an unarmed 16-year-old member of the Jewish underground militant group Lehi during his command of an undercover Palestine Police unit. After his brother was killed in a revenge attack, Farran emigrated to Canada where he forged a successful business and political career, holding a seat in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1971 to 1979 sitting with the Progressive Conservative caucus. He served as a cabinet minister in the government of Premier Peter Lougheed during that period.
Early life
Farran was born on 2 January 1921, either in Purley, Surrey, or in Shimla, India, to a family of Irish Roman Catholics (the Ó Faracháin were from County Donegal). His father was a Warrant Officer in the Royal Air Force. He was educated in India at the Bishop Cotton School in Shimla, and then at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. After graduating from Sandhurst, Farran was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the 3rd Carabiniers (Prince of Wales's Dragoon Guards) and sent to the 51st Training Regiment.
Military career
Second World War
North Africa and Crete
Farran was posted on attachment to the 3rd The King's Own Hussars, which was serving in the North African Campaign at the time, and joined the regiment just in time for the beginning of Operation Compass. This was a British offensive against Italian forces in North Africa, which began in December 1940, and participated in the Battle of Sidi Barrani. In the aftermath of one battle, he was detailed to supervise a burial party and came across a damaged Italian tank, its entire crew dead; unable to recover the bodies, Farran set the tank's petrol tank on fire. After Operation Compass came to an end, the Hussars were transferred to the island of Crete, to reinforce the British and Commonwealth forces that were stationed there after their retreat from Greece. Farran was attached to the regiment's 'C' Squadron, which was located several miles west of Canea when the Germans began their invasion of Crete on 20 May 1941. Farran was ordered to take a troop of tanks and block a road that led from the village of Galatas, and shortly afterwards sighted and killed a number of German troops escorting a group of 40 captured hospital patients. The troop came under attack from Stukas and well-hidden ground forces. Returning from this mission Farran's troop encountered several Germans who attempted to surrender; he ordered them shot, later writing that the incident occurred in the heat of the moment. On 21 May, the 10th Infantry Brigade launched a successful assault on Cemetery Hill, in which Farran participated. German forces were eventually able to break through the British and Commonwealth positions around Galatas, and Farran was part of a counter-attack in an attempt to retake the village. He protested about the unsuitability of his light tanks for the task but was told that no heavy tanks were left. Farran later wrote of his guilt at allowing the dangerous lead position to be taken by a subordinate -"I did not care for orders when it suited me, but this time I had chosen to obey them because I knew that I would be killed if I did not. I should have been in that leading tank. Instead, there was Skedgewell dead and his pretty young wife waiting at home. I felt as if I had murdered him." During the action he was wounded in the right arm and both of his legs, and as a result he was captured by German forces. It was at this time that he was awarded the Military Cross, for gallantry during his service in Crete.
Escape and return to duty
After being captured, Farran was flown to a hospital for prisoners of war in Athens for treatment, and by August he was able to walk with the aid of crutches. He made several unsuccessful attempts to escape, and finally succeeded when a sentry became distracted; Farran was able to crawl under the wire and make his way unseen to a nearby ditch. Moved between a series of houses, he was eventually able to link up with a number of friendly Greek civilians and three other escaped Australian and British prisoners, and was lent money to hire a caïque to sail from the port of Piraeus to British-held Egypt. The group hoped to make it in four days, but a storm pushed the boat off course. The boat ran out of fuel after two days, and Farran created an ad hoc sail from blankets; their water supplies ran out shortly after, and Farran was forced to knock out one man who became agitated as a result. Fortunately one of the prisoners, a Sergeant Wright, was able to make a crude water distiller that produced enough drinkable water for the party to survive. After 10 days adrift, the boat was spotted by a Royal Navy destroyer off the coast of Alexandria. Farran was awarded a Bar to his Military Cross as a result of leading the Greeks and prisoners to freedom.
In January 1942, Farran was appointed as the Aide-de-camp for Major General John "Jock" Campbell, the newly promoted commander of the 7th Armoured Division and recipient of the Victoria Cross (for actions in November 1941).
On 26 February 1942, he was driving Campbell in his staff car during an inspection of the forward fighting area around Gazala when he lost control of the car on a road of freshly laid clay. The car overturned, throwing Farran out but killing Campbell in the process and knocking the other occupants unconscious; he later admitted that, during the time that he awaited rescue, he had contemplated suicide. When a new divisional commander was appointed, Farran remained with the divisional staff.
Sicily and Italy
When the British Eighth Army was forced to retreat towards El Alamein during the summer of 1942, Farran was wounded during a Luftwaffe attack on the division's headquarters. He was subsequently evacuated to Britain, but pulled a number of strings until he was able to convince a medical board in February 1943 to pass him as capable for combat; he was transferred to three separate units before joining a group of new recruits heading for the Middle East to join the 3rd Hussars. However, he met up with an old friend which led to him attempting to join the new 2nd Special Air Service being formed near Algiers. After an interview with the regiment's commander, Lieutenant Colonel David Stirling, and a parachute training course, Farran became the second-in-command of a squadron. He commanded it during Operation Husky, the invasion of Sicily, and despite suffering from malaria led the squadron in an assault against a lighthouse at Cape Passero which was believed to hold a machine gun position. He also led a number of reconnaissance and sabotage patrols behind enemy lines.
During September 1943, a composite squadron from 2 SAS landed at the Italian port of Taranto with orders to conduct reconnaissance patrols and attack targets of opportunity ahead of the general Allied advance. During this deployment Farran commanded a section of jeeps from 'D' Squadron, which ambushed a number of German convoys and linked up with advancing Canadian forces. They also became involved in street-fighting on several occasions before moving to the city of Bari, where it was ordered to locate escaped Allied prisoners of war, managing to free 50. A report on the composite squadron's activities, including Farran's jeeps, concluded that their use had not been justified and that the SAS troops would have been better employed conducting sabotage operations. Michael Asher argues that the squadron's role would have been better suited to an armoured car unit.
On 3 October, the Allies made a seaborne landing at the town of Termoli, with the aim of outflanking the Axis positions in the area and thereby aid the northwards advance of the Eighth Army and the United States Fifth Army. The 1st Special Service Brigade formed part of the amphibious landings, and attached to the Brigade were several Special Air Service units, including 1st Special Air Service Regiment, recently renamed 1st Special Raiding Squadron. Farran, with a detachment of 20 men from 'D' Squadron of 2 SAS, came ashore with the rest of 1 SRS with orders to create a base for future raids behind enemy lines. The seaborne landings soon became stalemated against fierce Axis resistance, and Farran and his men joined the rest of 1 SRS in an attempt to repel a German counterattack supported by armour. Positioned on a ridge with a light mortar and six Bren light machine guns, and later several 6 pounder anti-tank guns, Farran and his men were able to help repel the attack. The Axis forces launched several more assaults on the Allied positions, which Farran and his men also helped to repulse, before finally retreating from the area. During the closing days of October, Farran commanded four parties of troops from 2 SAS who were landed by motor torpedo boat near the city of Ancona, and were able to destroy 17 sections of the railway that linked Ancona and Pescara, as well as laying mines on the main road between the two towns. After being successfully extracted Farran and the rest of 2 SAS spent another four months in Italy, before returning to Britain in early 1944; around this time Farran received another Bar to his Military Cross for his successful actions around Pescara and Ancona.
France
Farran remained in Britain until August, by which time the Western Allies had invaded France and gained a foothold in Normandy. With the German forces opposing them worn down by months of airstrikes and mass artillery bombardments, unaided by the Luftwaffe, Allied commanders expected to be able to achieve a decisive breakout in Normandy. When this occurred, it was believed that a large number of German troops, particularly Panzer divisions, would retreat eastwards through the 'Orléans Gap' situated to the south of Paris; in order to trap these forces, it was planned to drop several British and American airborne divisions into the gap as a blocking force. Given the codename of Operation Transfigure, the divisions would be accompanied by units from 1 and 2 SAS, including three troops from 'C' Squadron, one of which would be commanded by Farran. His part in the operation would be to land by Airspeed Horsa glider with 20 jeeps near the Rambouillet forest, and then link up with pre-existing SAS troops already operating in the area. Ultimately, Transfigure did not take place, as Allied ground forces advanced too quickly during the breakout for the airborne troops to be used effectively.
Operation Wallace
However, on 19 August, Farran landed with 60 men and 20 jeeps at Rennes airfield, which was now under Allied control, with orders to begin Operation Wallace. His jeeps were to advance some behind German lines and link up with 50 SAS troopers who had previously established a base camp near Châtillon, to the north of the city of Dijon. This was one of a number of bases set up by SAS patrols to attack retreating German troops and lines of communications. Under the command of Captain Grant-Hibbert, the troopers had spent the three weeks prior to Farran's arrival ambushing German convoys and blowing up a stretch of railway between Dijon and Langres.
The journey to Grant-Hibbert's position took Farran and his men four days; the first 50 miles were uneventful, as local French resistance fighters were able to help the SAS troopers avoid German positions. To increase the chances of not being discovered, Farran split the jeeps into three groups, and ordered them to maintain a distance of 30 minutes and avoid all German resistance; unfortunately the first group disobeyed the orders and drove through the village of Mailly-le-Chateau, occupied by a German garrison. Although the group made it through the village, losing a jeep in the process, Farran and the next group were ambushed and came under fire, forcing his group and the following one to divert south to the Foret de St Jean, rendezvousing with the first group. The same process took place on the following day, but once again the leading group encountered German troops and suffered heavy losses, only the commander surviving and escaping; they were unable to warn the other two groups, which were also attacked. Farran and his men were able to skirt the Germans, but the third group were all but destroyed, with only a few surviving. The survivors retreated back to Paris, and eventually joined Farran by parachute insertion at a later date.
Now left with only seven of his original jeeps, Farran pressed on, the remainder of the troopers strafing a passing goods train, puncturing the boiler on its engine and forcing it to come to a halt. Eventually they linked up with Grant-Hibbert's men after one final encounter during their journey, assaulting a German radar station and causing the German garrison to flee; prisoners informed the SAS troopers that they believed the jeeps to be the advance guard of General George S. Patton's United States Third Army. Farran took command of the combined group, which consisted of a composite squadron of 60 troopers, 10 jeeps and a civilian truck, and ordered it to move to another base to avoid further German scrutiny. The squadron roamed around until the end of August, assaulting German troop convoys and facilities, and then split into three groups to maximise the area they could cover and the damage that could be dealt to the German forces. Throughout their entire time behind German lines they were supplied by the Royal Air Force in 36 sorties, which supplied the SAS with 12 new jeeps and 36 supply panniers. Operation Wallace came to an end on 17 September, when the groups linked up with advance elements of the Seventh United States Army. During the month they had been active, Farran and his men had caused more than 500 German casualties, and destroyed some 95 enemy vehicles and more than 100,000 gallons of petrol. 17 SAS troopers had been lost, including one in a parachuting accident, as well as 16 jeeps. After linking up with the American forces, Farran sent the squadron back to Paris and granted it a week's leave in the capital, despite it officially being out of bounds to all British troops. As a result of these actions, Farran was awarded a Distinguished Service Order, which unusually was awarded under the pseudonym of 'Patrick McGinty'; Farran had used the name since his escape from German captivity in 1941, and claimed that the name was a reference to an Irish song.
Greece
After his return, Farran took a brief journey to Greece to locate the Greek civilians who had helped him escape from the prisoner of war camp in 1941; he was successful in doing so, and also witnessed the beginnings of the Greek Civil War as German forces retreated from the country.
Operation Tombola
In the middle of December, Farran was dispatched to Italy with 3 Squadron, 2 SAS. The squadron had only been recently formed and was composed of volunteers from the British 1st and 6th Airborne Divisions; Farran believed it to be well-trained and highly disciplined. The squadron came under the command of General Mark Clark's 15th Army Group, and between December 1944 and February 1945 conducted several small-scale operations in La Spezia and the Brenner Pass. These operations were small in scale, however, and Farran began to devise a plan for deploying a larger formation; it would be deployed behind German lines, but still be close enough to 15th Army Group to aid Allied ground forces in their own operations. He focused his planning on the three departments of what is now Emilia Romagna: Parma, Reggio Emilia, and Modena. Italian partisan brigades operated in each department, controlled by a headquarters or Comando Unico, and supported by an Allied liaison officer who supervised supply drops and encouraged them to fight the German forces in their area. The only department with a liaison officer ready to accept the arrival of SAS forces was Reggio Emilia, which suited Farran's plan well as the forward-most point of 15th Army Group was only from the department.
Farran wanted to command the operation, known as Tombola, himself, but was forbidden by staff officers at 15th Army Group's headquarters. He did, however, get permission to accompany the transport aircraft the SAS troopers used to parachute into the area. When the operation began on 4 March, Farran "accidentally" fell out of the aircraft from which he was watching the parachute drop, although he was fortunate enough to have a parachute on at the time and his personal kit with him. All of the troopers landed safely, although one officer dislocated his shoulder on landing and had to be left in the care of several Italian civilians. They were met by the SOE liaison officer, Michael Lees. Lees took Farran and his men to meet the commander of the local Comando Unico, which was formed of four brigades – three Communist and one Christian Democrat. When they arrived, Farran proposed to the Unico that a new battalion known as the Battaglione Alleato be created, with its core an SAS company; it would be fleshed out by a company of right-wing partisans and another of Russian deserters from the Wehrmacht. Although this was agreed to, Farran was not enamoured with the state of the partisans when he first inspected them, stating that "nearly all of them had some physical defect." To improve their fitness and training, Farran arranged for several instructors and an Italian interpreter to be parachuted in, as well as a large quantity of supplies. Within a few days the SAS company, with a strength of 40 men, had arrived to form the core of the battalion, with one officer and four men attached to each of the other companies in a supervisory capacity.
Villa Rossi and Villa Calvi
The battalion's first target, as proposed by both Farran and Lees, was the headquarters of the German 51 Mountain Corps (LI Gebirgs Korps) of General Valentin Feurstein and then led from General Friedrich-Wilhelm Hauck, stationed in the area of Albinea, 20 miles from where they landed. Army Group Headquarters initially agreed with the proposal and supplied aerial photography of the headquarters. At the same time, it was discovered that local German forces were beginning an anti-partisan drive into the mountains where the battalion was stationed. Despite this however, Farran decided to continue with the attack, and was en route to the headquarters with the battalion when he was contacted by Army Group Headquarters, who withdrew permission for the attack to take place. Farran ignored the injunction and continued towards the target, on the grounds that he might lose all credibility with the partisans if their first operation was cancelled. Farran had conducted a personal reconnaissance of the headquarters on 23 March, and the battalion arrived in three columns at a farm about from the target on 26 March. There they rested until nightfall. At 02:00 on 27 March the battalion began the attack on the headquarters.
The headquarters consisted of a number of buildings centered around two villas: Villa Rossi, occupied by the Corps commander himself, and Villa Calvi, occupied by his chief of staff. The entire garrison consisted of around 300 German soldiers. The assault itself would see the British SAS company and a number of Italians force their way into the two villas, while the Russian company would place themselves between the villas and the other buildings, preventing the rest of the garrison from intervening. The partisans were able to approach the villas without being spotted, quietly eliminating several sentries in the process. However, their plan to use their bazooka to gain entry to the villa was trashed when it misfired. They were able to reach the interior of the villa by force, but fierce German resistance meant they were unable to move upstairs and kill the chief of staff; they therefore used explosives, petrol, and looted furniture to set the villa on fire, ensuring that the remaining Germans stayed inside with bursts of machine gun fire. Although effective, this conflagration meant that the Germans in Villa Rossi were alerted to the attack before the group of partisans attacking the villa could begin their assault; as in the other villa, the occupants put up a stiff resistance and stymied attempts by the partisans to reach the top floor. A number of Germans were killed in the firefight, however, and one may have been the Corps commander. Under heavy fire, the partisans retreated after setting fire to the villa's kitchen.
The rest of the German garrison reacted swiftly to the attack, and soon brought the Russian screening force under machine-gun fire. On Farran's signal of a red Very light, the entire force retreated from the area, carrying those who had been wounded. After nearly a day marching through the mountains, obscured from German search parties by mist and rain, the battalion arrived in a partisan-controlled village. For their efforts, the battalion had three British soldiers killed, as well as eight British and Italians wounded; this included Lees, who suffered injuries that crippled him permanently – he was eventually taken by light aircraft to a hospital in Florence. Six Russians from the covering force were captured, and Thompson states that they were probably executed 'on the spot'. (it was later discovered that the six missing Russians were safe at the Resistance headquarters days later.) About 60 Germans had been killed by the partisans, including the Chief of Staff. In the aftermath of the raid, the local German forces undertook a drive into the mountains with the goal of eliminating the partisans. Between 28 March and 12 April, aided by the SAS and using heavy weapons, which included a 75-mm pack howitzer and 3-inch mortars, the partisans openly fought the Germans. The battalion was attacked three times in its previously prepared positions, each time repelling the attacks and inflicting heavy German casualties; after one attack on 10 April, the partisans counted 51 German bodies. After heavy fighting and suffering several local reverses, the Russian company conducted a counter-attack that forced the Germans to retreat and end the drive.
Aftermath
At the beginning of April, Farran was informed that the United States Fifth Army was planning to launch an offensive in the area in which he and the partisans were operating. As the army's axis of advance would lead through Modena, Farran decided, with the approval of Army Group Headquarters, to move the battalion into Modena and support the local partisans operating there. Equipped with jeeps, the battalion would launch attacks on Route 12, the primary Florence-Modena route, with the intention of harassing German troops using it. On 5 April Farran received word that the offensive was beginning, and led the battalion to its new area of operations. When it arrived, it was discovered that the terrain lacked any cover for the partisans; as the road ran along an open valley, this would force the jeeps to drive right up to the convoys before opening fire. Farran therefore decided to target German troops on and around the road with the 75-mm howitzer, and then send in the jeeps after they had been bombarded. An initial attack on the village of Sassuolo, near Modena, was extremely successful, and the partisans launched a number of similar raids against Route 12.
After a series of raids, on 20 April, Farran was informed that Fifth Army had broken through German lines, and he decided to have the battalion assault the city of Reggio Emilia, which straddled Route 12. The howitzer was used to bombard the main square of the town, and Farran later discovered that the local German and Italian Fascist garrison believed the attack to be coming from the vanguard of an American armoured division. As a result, the town was abandoned two hours after the shelling had begun. Then on 22 April, it was discovered that American troops had penetrated near the city of Bologna, causing German forces to retreat down Route 12. Positioning the partisan battalion near the Sassuolo Bridge, Farran used the howitzer, mortars, and a machine gun to open fire on the traffic using the bridge, destroying a number of vehicles. The attack attracted the attention of a flight of Supermarine Spitfires, who strafed the area and inflicted more casualties. After fighting all day, Farran withdrew the battalion from the area, and after harassing more German transport columns for a further day, moved the battalion into Modena to help mop up any remaining resistance. Very soon afterwards, orders came for the operation to cease and the British troops to travel to Florence. During its time operating, the battalion had killed an estimated 300 German soldiers and destroyed twenty vehicles, as well as taking 158 prisoners of war, and had suffered 24 casualties in return.
When he returned to Florence and reported to Army Group Headquarters, Farran was told why the Headquarters had wanted to delay the raid on the Corps Headquarters; a major attack by 15th Army Group against that Corps had been scheduled to take place 10 days after the raid, and it was feared that Farran's assault on the headquarters would alert the Germans to the attack. The attack had been cancelled, and as a result of this Farran believed that he would be court-martialled for disobeying orders. This did not occur, however, and he was in fact awarded the American Legion of Merit for his actions during Tombola.
Post-war service
When the Second World War in Europe came to an end, Farran accompanied 2 SAS to Norway, where the unit aided in the process of disarming the German troops stationed there. He was awarded the Croix de Guerre in 1946, and then returned to the 3rd Hussars where he became the regiment's second-in-command. He served with the regiment in Syria for a time, as well as British Mandate Palestine. During his initial period in Palestine, he was with several fellow officers when a nearby ammunition dump was destroyed by guerrillas; Farran and his comrades pursued the guerrillas, managing to wound two of them. Shortly after this, Farran transferred back to Britain to serve as an instructor at Sandhurst, but then volunteered to be seconded to the Palestine Police Force, which maintained order in the Mandate.
Palestine
When Farran arrived in Palestine, the British authorities were in the midst of attempting to suppress Jewish paramilitary organizations operating in the Mandate. The largest and most effective of these groups was known as the Irgun, which controlled between 5,000 and 6,000 paramilitary members proficient in sabotage and street fighting, as well as an intelligence section staffed by a number of ex-Special Operations Executive and Secret Intelligence Service operatives that the British Joint Intelligence Committee labelled 'excellent'. Although the Irgun and other Jewish paramilitary groups were outnumbered by a ratio of 20:1 by British security forces,
British attempts to end their activities were hampered by an inadequate intelligence organization which was understaffed and over-stretched, with many of its small number of personnel consisting of 'enterprising amateurs' seconded from other units. Political violence by Jewish paramilitary groups began when the war came to an end, and by early 1947 Palestine had experienced a large number of attacks against British targets. Debates raged in London over what the best course of action was to combat the attacks. On 2 March 1947, martial law was declared throughout Tel Aviv and the Jewish sector of Jerusalem, with the intended aim of differentiating the paramilitary members from the civilian population and ending the attacks. However, this had the opposite effect, and the number of attacks actually doubled.
"A free hand for us against terror"
After two high-profile kidnappings, the Cabinet acceded to Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery's request for the restrictions on force employed in security operations to be lifted, despite opposition from the Colonial Office and the fact that the Cabinet had signalled an intention to withdraw from Palestine. Former Royal Marine Nicol Gray, the Inspector General of the Palestine Police, impressed by the wartime exploits of special forces units behind the lines, authorized Brigadier Bernard Fergusson (who had served in the Chindits with Orde Wingate, the leader of the Special Night Squads) to create covert teams along similar lines.
Those in the police who heard of the new unit were aghast, and even Gray's tough-minded predecessor, Brigadier John Rymer-Jones, was moved to warn that the tactic would end in catastrophe. Fergusson ignored him and recruited two former 2nd SAS men as commanders: Alastair MacGregor (then with MI6) and Roy Farran. Some authors have seen Farran as an odd choice for the assignment given his propensity to contravene direct orders, lack of experience in security or police work, and (by his own later account) drink problem.
MacGregor was to operate in north Palestine and Farran the south, while Fergusson took the Jerusalem squad pending the arrival of a third squad commander; these areas conformed to military zones, not the six Palestine Police districts. Subsequently, Fergusson said the concept was to provoke contact and give insurgents a 'bloody nose', while Sir Henry Gurney insisted that the squads had never been authorized to use anything outside normal police methods. Farran, or so he later claimed, thought he had been given "carte blanche... a free hand". There was only a short period of training and it largely consisted of intensive pistol and close quarters battle practice. Utilizing jeeps, a citrus-fruit delivery truck and a dry-cleaner's lorry, Farran's team "moved among Jewish civilians in Jewish clothing" and made several arrests in the month they were active, although alert insurgents recognized them as British forces more than once. Farran did not have any fluent Hebrew speakers, but didn't liaise with the Criminal Investigation Department out of security concerns, and his unit (2001) lacked accurate intelligence on insurgents.
Alexander Rubowitz affair
On 6 May 1947, 16-year-old Alexander Rubowitz disappeared while putting up posters for Jewish paramilitary group Lehi. Palestine police CID believed he had been caught and killed by Farran's squad; Gurney ordered them "to proceed with the case as an ordinary criminal offence with the object of bringing Farran and any other accused to trial".
According to an account ruled inadmissible at Farran's trial, Rubowitz was taken to a remote location where, after brutal attempts to extract information, he was killed by Farran with a rock and the body given to an Arab for disposal. His body was never found. Suspicions of Farran's involvement were first raised after a grey trilby hat, bearing the name Farran or Farkan, was found near the street corner where a struggling Rubowitz was seen being pushed into a car. Farran claimed he was being framed and fled to Syria. Colonel Bernard Fergusson persuaded Farran to return voluntarily. However, when, contrary to Fergusson's assurances, he was arrested, Farran escaped to Jordan, finally returning when he heard of reprisals being planned against British officers. He was brought to trial in a British military court in Jerusalem.
Farran was court martialled on a charge of murdering Alexander Rubowitz. Colonel Fergusson, to whom Farran was said to have confessed his guilt, refused to testify, on the grounds that he might incriminate himself.
Notes made by Farran while in custody and found after his escape reportedly contained a confession but were judged to be preparation for his defence and thus inadmissible under the rules of lawyer-client privilege. The prosecution failed to prove the hat was Farran's or even that Rubowitz was actually dead. The result was that the case collapsed for lack of evidence. Rubowitz's family made many unsuccessful attempts to revive the case. Alexander Rubowitz's body has never been found. After the trial, Fergusson was told to resign and leave the country within 36 hours.
Lehi bombing of family home
After his return from Palestine, the Lehi attempted to kill Farran by posting a parcel bomb to his family home in Codsall, Staffordshire. The package arrived almost one year to the day after Alexander Rubowitz had disappeared, but Roy Farran was away and the explosion killed Francis Rex Farran, his younger brother. The bomb was sent by a Lehi cell in Britain led by Yaakov Heruti, who had personally assembled it. In an episode of the BBC2 television documentary series Empire Warriors first broadcast on 19 November 2004, Knesset member and former Lehi operative Geulah Cohen claimed that the letter had been addressed to "R. Farran", without knowledge of the younger brother. The documentary was shortlisted for an international film award.
Post army life
After being discharged from the army, Farran moved to Scotland and briefly worked as a quarryman. He briefly went to Africa before returning to the United Kingdom to run in the 1950 United Kingdom general election in the constituency of Dudley where he ran as the candidate for the Conservative Party. He lost to incumbent Labour Member of Parliament George Wigg, finishing second out of the three candidates. After the election Farran moved to Canada in the early 1950s and settled in Calgary, Alberta. He began working for the Calgary Herald, and later became owner and publisher of his own newspaper, the North Hill News. He also wrote and published History of the Calgary Highlanders 1921–1954 in 1955.
Political career
Farran launched his political career in Canada in 1961, running for a seat on the Calgary City Council. His campaign was coordinated by a young RCAF officer, Lynn Garrison, and would serve his first stint on Council until October 1963.
In June 1963, while he was still serving on Calgary City Council, Farran ran for a seat to the Alberta Legislature in the 1963 Alberta general election. He ran as an Independent candidate in the provincial electoral district of Calgary Queen's Park and finished in third place out of six candidates, losing to Social Credit incumbent Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) Lee Leavitt. Farran took over 16% of the popular vote and finished close behind second place Progressive Conservative candidate, Duncan McKilliop.
Farran returned for his second stint on Calgary City Council in 1964 and served until 1971 when he was elected to provincial office. He held his civic seat at the same time he held his provincial seat until his term expired in October that year.
Farran ran for a seat to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta in the 1971 Alberta general election. He won the new electoral district of Calgary-North Hill, defeating Social Credit incumbent Robert Simpson and future MLA Barry Pashak, as well as an Independent candidate in a hotly contested race to pick up the district for the Progressive Conservatives. The electoral district was one of the most hotly contested races in 1971, with just a spread of 0.53% separating Farran and Simpson.
The Progressive Conservatives would form their first government in the province. Premier Peter Lougheed appointed Farran to the Executive Council of Alberta in 1973 after the death of Len Werry and served as Minister of Telephones and Utilities. He would run for re-election in the 1975 Alberta general election with ministerial advantage. Farran faced Simpson for the second time, and a further three candidates. He was returned to office with a landslide plurality, picking up just over 70% of the popular vote. Simpson would see his popular support collapse, while the other three candidates had no significant impact in the race.
After the election Lougheed would shuffle his cabinet, and Farran was appointed as the Solicitor General. He held that position until he retired from provincial politics at the dissolution of the legislature in 1979. During his time in office he served on numerous committees in the Legislature, including Public Accounts; Private Bills; Standing Orders and Printing; Law; Law Amendments and Regulations; Public Affairs; Agriculture; and Education.
Late life
After leaving provincial politics, he was appointed by the Province of Alberta to serve as head of the Racing Commission. He also became a visiting professor at the University of Alberta and later founded a non-profit organization called French Vosges, providing Franco-Canadian student exchanges. He was awarded the Légion d'honneur in 1994 for his work in founding the organization. He later battled throat cancer which resulted in having his larynx surgically removed. Farran died in 2006.
References
Bibliography
Further reading
External links
Legislative Assembly of Alberta Members Listing
Faron born in Shimla
1921 births
2006 deaths
3rd Carabiniers officers
Calgary city councillors
British Army personnel of World War II
British escapees
British emigrants to Canada
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Escapees from British military detention
Foreign recipients of the Legion of Merit
Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
Members of the Executive Council of Alberta
British Army personnel who were court-martialled
British military personnel of the Palestine Emergency
British military scandals
Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta MLAs
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)
Recipients of the Military Cross
Special Air Service officers
Academic staff of the University of Alberta
Military personnel of British India
British people in Mandatory Palestine
Academics of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
Bishop Cotton School Shimla alumni
People indicted for war crimes
People acquitted of murder
People acquitted of international crimes |
Darreh Chineh (, also Romanized as Darreh Chīneh; also known as Darreh Chīneh-ye Pā’īn) is a village in Susan-e Sharqi Rural District, Susan District, Izeh County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 84, in 17 families.
References
Populated places in Izeh County |
Río Azul is a district of the La Unión canton, in the Cartago province of Costa Rica.
History
Río Azul was created on 15 July 1968 by Ley 4148. Segregated from San Diego.
Geography
Río Azul has an area of km² and an elevation of metres.
Demographics
For the 2011 census, Río Azul had a population of inhabitants.
Transportation
Road transportation
The district is covered by the following road routes:
National Route 409
References
Districts of Cartago Province
Populated places in Cartago Province |
The George Warren Brown School of Social Work is the social work graduate school of Washington University in St. Louis. Located on Washington University's Danforth Campus, adjacent to Forest Park, the school is recognized by the Council on Social Work Education and the Council on Education for Public Health. It is also a member of the Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health.
The Brown School originated from the Department of Social Work at Washington University, which was founded in 1925. It was endowed in 1945 by Bettie Bofinger Brown, who named the school after her husband, George Warren Brown, a St. Louis philanthropist and co-founder of the Brown Shoe Company. The school was the first at Washington University to admit Black students, and the first in the United States to have a building dedicated to social work education.
History
Formation: 1925-1945
In 1925, an academic social work program was introduced at Washington University under the leadership of the social scholar Frank J. Bruno. The program was initially called the Washington University Training Course for Social Workers and belonged to the Department of Sociology in the College of Liberal Arts.
In the following year, the program transferred to the School of Commerce and Finance, which was then renamed the School of Business and Public Administration. In 1928, the Department of Social Work was established with money from the estate of George Warren Brown, a prominent St. Louis shoe manufacturer, at the bequest of his wife, Betty Hood Bofinger Brown.
The Department of Social Work expanded over the next ten years to employ nine full-time and 15 part-time faculty members teaching 65 courses. In response to its size, Washington University dedicated Brown Hall to the Department in 1937. This was unprecedented at the time, as no other North American university had constructed a building solely for social work education.
As Bruno planned his retirement, he drafted an ordinance to graduate the social work program from an academic department to a degree-granting school. Then University Chancellor, George Throop, resisted this proposal for several years. When Throop resigned in 1944, the Department appealed to the Board of Directors, establishing the George Warren Brown School of Social Work in the following year.
Bruno was instrumental in boosting the public welfare administrator Benjamin E. Youngdahl to the deanship of the new school, although his candidacy had been challenged due to his perceived lack of academic training. Knowing this, Bruno continued to interview candidates from an interim leadership position until he could appeal to the interim Chancellor, Harry Brookings Wallace. Bruno succeeded, and Youngdahl became the inaugural Dean of the Brown School in 1945.
Early Years: 1945-1962
A ten-year development plan was presented by Youngdahl to Chancellor Arthur H. Compton in January 1947. The Brown School began recruiting faculty for a program in "economic well-being and the deeper source of happiness that is self-realization". This included focuses on social work with groups and psychiatric social work (clinical social work), the latter of which garnered significant grant funding from the American Association of Schools of Social Work thanks to the efforts of early faculty member Margaret Williams.
From 1946-1947, Youngdahl, Stuart Queen, and the faculty vigorously petitioned Compton to admit Black students to the Brown School. They succeeded, and a cohort of eight Black women matriculated as graduate students in 1948. By 1952, the School had awarded 520 graduate degrees in its first seven years.
By the end of Youngdahl's deanship in 1962, the Brown School conferred 757 Master of Social Work degrees and 12 Doctor of Social Work degrees.
Curriculum Reform: 1962-1972
Wayne Vasey was chosen as the new dean in 1961. He began advocating for a series of curricular reforms introducing courses in social policy and economic development to address criticisms of social work in the United States at the time. Existing faculty resisted these changes, and implementation was further slowed by a controversial, year-long leave of absence taken by Vasey in 1964 to lead the St. Louis Human Development Corportation, a newly-formed, local anti-poverty organization.
In November 1966, the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) visited to conduct an accreditation review. While the School passed, the CSWE criticized what it perceived as unresponsiveness to larger changes in social work education as well as Vasey's involvement in national politics. Despite vigorous defense from the faculty, Vasey resigned to teach at the University of Michigan following a series of critical letters from Chancellor Thomas H. Eliot.
Ralph Garber was chosen as dean in 1968. The School convened a series of working groups that resulted in an increased number of elective courses, the conversion of the DSW degree into a PhD program, and a commitment to increase Black student enrollment. While Garber's tenure resulted in institutional change, dissent among faculty continued. The Brown School also began operating in a financial deficit, with a majority of its monies coming from federal grant funding.
Garber resigned in January 1973. Chancellor William Danforth, concerned about the state of the Brown School amid what faculty member Ralph Pumphrey described as "the verge of disintegration" with "standing committees ground to a halt", appointed Ronald Feldman as acting dean with the task of finding new leadership to stabilize its reputation.
Growth in Profile: 1974-1993
Shanti Khinduka, the Assistant Dean of Social Work at Saint Louis University accepted the deanship in 1974. During his tenure, Khinduka convened faculty and students to instate a competency-based curriculum, building off of Nancy Carroll's critique of the School's decades of individualized, elective-heavy design. After an accreditation review that prompted an extensive community outreach effort in 1977, the CSWE approved the Brown School.
Despite federal disinvestment from social programs under the Reagan Administration, the 1980s saw the Brown School financially stabilize, and by 1995, it had increased more than sevenfold from $5 million to $36 million. Khinduka also made efforts to attract new interest from international students and promote faculty producing research. This resulted in the Brown School becoming recognized in 1991 as the most published faculty body in the country between 1977-1987, as well as the origin of "evidence-based practice" as a central theme in national social work discourse.
School Expansion: 1993-2015
The 1990s saw the opening of several research centers at the Brown School. This included the Center for Mental Health Services Research, the Center for Social Development, and the Kathryn M. Buder Center for American Indian Studies, the first academic research center dedicated to American Indian health in the United States.
In 1998, the Brown School and Washington University dedicated Alvin Goldfarb Hall, a four-story building that doubled the capacity of the school. Following multiple years of financial and faculty growth, Khinduka retired in 2004 after 30 years as dean.
The University acquired Edward F. Lawlor, the dean of the University of Chicago's School of Social Service Administration in 2004. During his deanship, Lawlor oversaw the creation of Hillman Hall, which again doubled the Brown School's space on the Washington University campus. The School also established partnerships with Fudan University in Shanghai.
Throughout this time, Lawlor and the Brown School played a critical role in the creation of Washington University's Institute for Public Health. Accordingly, the School's Master of Public Health program enrolled its first class in 2009. Lawlor concluded his tenure in 2016 and was succeeded by Mary McKernan McKay from New York University.
Educational Programs
The School offers professional programs in Master of Social Work (MSW), Master of Public Health (MPH), and Master of Social Policy (MSP) degrees. It also provides PhD programs in Social Work and Public Health Sciences. Optionally, graduate students can enroll in one a series of dual degree programs with other graduate schools at Washington University.
In October of 2023, Washington University in St. Louis announced its intent to form an independent School of Public Health as part of a 10-year strategic plan entitled "Here and Next". This plan will eventually relocate the university's public health academic programs to the School of Public Health.
Research Centers
The Brown School includes faculty conducting research in the disciplines of social work, public health, and social policy. Similarly, its research centers represent scientific study across a number of areas.
Facilities
The Brown School is located on Washington University's Danforth Campus, a 169-acre area shared with the School of Law, School of Arts & Sciences, Olin Business School, McKelvey School of Engineering, and Sam Fox Arts Center. Research also occurs at the Washington University School of Medicine through partnerships with the Institute for Public Health and other medical research centers.
Built in 1937, Brown Hall was the first academic building in the United States dedicated to social work education. From 1937-1945, Brown Hall included the offices of historians, political scientists, anthropologists, and sociologists. In 1945, the building became the official location of the newly endowed George Warren Brown School.
Decades later, in 1998, Washington University dedicated Goldfarb Hall. This doubled the school's capacity. The building was named after Alvin Goldfarb, a St. Louis area philanthropist who was the former president of Worth Stores and chairman the Jewish Federation of St. Louis.
Hillman Hall, a third facility, was dedicated in 2015. The 105,000 square-foot building was designed by Moore Ruble Yudell. It is named for Jennifer Hillman, owner of the Images and Ideas design agency, and Thomas Hillman, founder of the investment firm FTL Capital Partners. It is notable for its Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Platinum certification. It is estimated to be 41% more energy efficient than buildings of comparable size.
References
Washington University in St. Louis
Schools of social work in the United States
Universities and colleges established in 1925
1925 establishments in Missouri |
The Louisiana Board of Regents is a government agency in the U.S. state of Louisiana that is responsible for coordination of all public higher education in the state. The Board was created under the terms of the 1974 Louisiana Constitution, and began operations effective January 1, 1975.
It consists of 15 members, 14 of whom are appointed by the Governor to six-year, overlapping terms. Each of Louisiana's six congressional districts is represented by at least one regent but no more than two. The Louisiana Constitution also entitles the Louisiana Legislature to appoint a student member to the Board as the Regents' 15th member. Commissioner Sally Clausen resigned in 2010 after a controversy centered on her one-day retirement in 2009 in order to collect vacation and sick leave pay and to draw both retirement and salary in excess of $500,000 annually.
The Board funds various education programs across the state, including the Center for Adult Learning in Louisiana.
See also
Edith Killgore Kirkpatrick
Dale Thorn
Edwards Barham
References
Government agencies established in 1975
Government of Louisiana
Public education in Louisiana
Governing bodies of universities and colleges in the United States |
```xml
import { addRegistry, initialSetup } from '@verdaccio/test-cli-commons';
import { yarn } from './utils';
describe('install a package', () => {
jest.setTimeout(10000);
let registry;
beforeAll(async () => {
const setup = await initialSetup();
registry = setup.registry;
await registry.init();
});
test('should run yarn info json body', async () => {
const resp = await yarn(
{},
'info',
'verdaccio',
'--json',
...addRegistry(registry.getRegistryUrl())
);
const parsedBody = JSON.parse(resp.stdout as string);
expect(parsedBody.data.name).toEqual('verdaccio');
expect(parsedBody.data.dependencies).toBeDefined();
});
afterAll(async () => {
registry.stop();
});
});
``` |
```shell
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Tags: no-parallel
# Tag no-parallel: create user
CURDIR=$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)
# shellcheck source=../shell_config.sh
. "$CURDIR"/../shell_config.sh
$CLICKHOUSE_CLIENT --query "DROP USER IF EXISTS user_test_02184;"
$CLICKHOUSE_CLIENT --query "CREATE USER user_test_02184 IDENTIFIED WITH plaintext_password BY 'user_test_02184';"
${CLICKHOUSE_CLIENT} -q "REVOKE ALL ON *.* FROM user_test_02184"
$CLICKHOUSE_CLIENT --query "GRANT CREATE ON *.* TO user_test_02184;"
$CLICKHOUSE_CLIENT --query "CREATE TABLE url ENGINE=URL('path_to_url LineAsString)"
$CLICKHOUSE_CLIENT --user=user_test_02184 --password=user_test_02184 --query "CREATE TABLE t AS url" 2>&1| grep -Fo "ACCESS_DENIED" | uniq
$CLICKHOUSE_CLIENT --query "GRANT URL ON *.* TO user_test_02184;"
$CLICKHOUSE_CLIENT --user=user_test_02184 --password=user_test_02184 --query "CREATE TABLE t AS url"
$CLICKHOUSE_CLIENT --query "SHOW CREATE TABLE t"
$CLICKHOUSE_CLIENT --query "DROP TABLE t"
$CLICKHOUSE_CLIENT --query "DROP TABLE url"
``` |
Riccardo Dario Scamarcio (; born 13 November 1979) is an Italian actor and film producer.
Early life
Scamarcio was born in Trani, Apulia, the son of Irene Petrafesa, a painter, and Emilio Scamarcio.
He went to train as an actor at the Scuola Nazionale di Cinema in Rome, where he now lives.
Career
His debut acting role was in a TV series in 2000, while his first ever lead role in a feature film was in Three Steps Over Heaven (2004), directed by Luca Lucini. Through this he immediately became well known to the Italian speaking public, especially a young audience. His success brought him prominence as a sex symbol and boosted requests for his acting skills, leading to his role in Texas (2005), directed by Fausto Paravidino and soon to him joining the cast of Romanzo Criminale, playing a monosyllabic, enigmatic thug character in a powerful portrait of a mafiosi community directed by Michele Placido.
In 2006 he acted in The Black Arrow, a TV series broadcast by Canale 5, adapted from the novel by Robert Louis Stevenson, and took on four new film roles: My Brother Is an Only Child (2007), directed by Daniele Luchetti, based on the novel Il fasciocomunista by Antonio Pennacchi. Scamarcio won a David di Donatello nomination for Best Supporting Actor for this work. He also played in Manual of Love 2 (2007), directed by Giovanni Veronesi, Ho voglia di te (2007), directed by Luis Prieto, and Go Go Tales (2007), directed by Abel Ferrara.
In 2007 he began work on At a Glance (2008) directed by Sergio Rubini, Italians (2009), a comedy directed by Giovanni Veronesi, and The Big Dream (2009), set in Italy in 1968, directed by Michele Placido. Eden à l'Ouest, directed by Costa-Gavras, saw Scamarcio playing an illegal immigrant-cum-innocent abroad. The Cézanne Affair (2009), directed by Sergio Rubini, co-starred Scamarcio's partner, Italian-Greek actress Valeria Golino, who plays his sister.
He also starred in John Wick: Chapter 2, playing the Italian Mob boss Santino D'Antonio, the antagonist in the film.
Filmography
Film
Television
Ama il tuo nemico 2 (2000)
Io ti salverò (2001)
Compagni di scuola (2001)
La freccia nera (2006)
Il segreto dell'acqua (Palermo Connection) (2011)
London Spy (2015)
Master of None (2017)
The Woman in White (2018)
Maradona: Blessed Dream (2021; episode 6)
Music video
Ti scatterò una foto (Tiziano Ferro) (2007)
Drammaturgia (Le Vibrazioni) (2008)
Insolita (Le Vibrazioni) (2008)
Meraviglioso (Negramaro) (2009)
Dove cadono i fulmini (Erica Mou) (2011)
Theatre
Non essere - Mise en espace di Leonardo Petrillo (2003)
I tre moschettieri (2004)
L'intelligenza, il cuore, le dita (2009)
Romeo and Juliet (2011)
References
External links
Riccardo Scamarcio Fanlisting
1979 births
Living people
People from Trani
Italian male film actors
Italian male stage actors
Italian male television actors
21st-century Italian male actors
Nastro d'Argento winners |
Blatnica (1927–1946 Turčianska Blatnica) is a village and municipality in the Turiec region of Slovakia. Administratively it is a part of the Martin District in the Žilina Region. The village is situated under the Greater Fatra Range, at the opening of the spectacular karst Gader and Blatnica valleys. The ruins of the Blatnica Castle lie on a low ridge over the village.
Etymology
The name means "a muddy place" ( - mud).
History
Blatnica is an important archaeological site, where Slavic tumuli with many precious artifacts (such as the famous Blatnica Sword) from the 8th and 9th centuries have been found. The site gave name to the so-called "Blatnica-Mikulčice" archaeological horizon. The first written mention stems from 1230, however, the castle was built at the end of the 13th century.
Culture
The first Slovak female botanist Izabela Textorisová lived in Blatnica and her rich herbarium contains plants of the nearby Tlstá mountain. Both Textorisová's house and a museum dedicated to the ethnographer, filmmaker, and photographer Karol Plicka are open to the public. Other places of interest include two manor houses from the 18th century, a classicist Lutheran church and many well-preserved rural houses.
Demographics
Blatnica has a population of 881 (as of December 31, 2005). According to the 2001 census, 99% of inhabitants were Slovaks. Blatnica is one of few villages with a Lutheran absolute majority (58.6%) in the predominantly Roman Catholic Slovakia.
See also
List of municipalities and towns in Slovakia
References
Genealogical resources
The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Bytca, Slovakia"
Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1777-1949 (parish B)
Lutheran church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1785-1929 (parish A)
External links
Municipal website
Basic information about Blatnica and its history
Surnames of living people in Blatnica
Villages and municipalities in Martin District
Archaeological sites in Slovakia |
A list of the heritage-listed sites in West End, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
19 Bank Street: Astrea
96 Boundary Street: West End Police Station
111 Boundary Street: Peters Factory
137 Boundary Street: Boundary Hotel
141 Boundary Street: Westella
142 Boundary Street: Shop
173 Boundary Street: Pearsons Buildings
178 Boundary Road: Kurilpa Library
197 Boundary Street: Row of shops
219 Boundary Street: Timber cottage
223 Boundary Street: Glen Finn Villa
225 Boundary Street: Greek Evangelical Church
227 Boundary Street: Timber-and-tin residence
235 Boundary Street: Gorman Brothers Grocery Store
253 Boundary Street: Bungalow style residence
Dornoch Terrace: Dornoch Terrace Bridge
19 Dornoch Terrace: former Methodist Church
22 Dornoch Terrace: Flamingo House
47 Dornoch Terrace: St Francis School & Church
51 Dornoch Terrace: St Francis Convent
59 Dornoch Terrace: St Francis Presbytery
12 Exeter Street: Two-storey brick terrace house
9 Gray Road: House "Hillside"
15 Gray Road: Wanda Walha
37 Gray Road: Nassagaweya
31 Hardgrave Road: Drayton Court
61 Hardgrave Road: Rialto Theatre
68 Hill end Terrace: Orleigh Park
22 Jane Street: Walmar
18 Mitchell Street: Hill End Child Care Centre (former church)
222 Montague Road: former Stronach's Workshop
277 Montague Road: Davies Park
277 Montague Road: Gas Stripping Tower
317 Montague Road: West End Gasworks Distribution Centre
321 Montague Road: West End Gasworks
406 Montague Road: Thomas Dixon Centre
439 Montague Road: former Dixon's Tannery
12 Princhester Street: Islamic Centre of West End
14 Sussex Street: Carnoch
16 Sussex Street: Norwich
30 Sussex Street: Brighton Terrace
24 Vulture Street: West End State School
61 Vulture Street: Shop and Residence
79 Vulture Street: former Marshalls Butchers
113 Vulture Street: West End Uniting Church & Hall
References
Heritage
West End
Heritage of West End |
KASE-FM (100.7 MHz "KASE 101") is a commercial radio station licensed to Austin, Texas. It is owned by iHeartMedia and airs a country music radio format. It shares studios and offices with four sister stations in the Penn Field complex in the South Congress district (or "SoCo") of south central Austin within walking distance of St. Edward's University. The transmitter site is off Waymaker Way in Austin, amid towers for other FM and TV stations.
KASE-FM broadcasts in the HD Radio format. It airs alternative rock on its HD2 subchannel, branded as "Alt 97.5," which is also carried on translator station K248CU on 97.5 MHz in Austin. KASE-FM and K248CU can also be heard on the iHeartRadio platform.
Programming
Weekday mornings, The Bobby Bones Show from Nashville is heard on KASE-FM. It is syndicated by Premiere Networks, a subsidiary of iHeartMedia. On Saturday and Sunday mornings, KASE-FM features "The Best of Bobby Bones." Overnight, KASE-FM carries After MidNite with Granger Smith. The rest of the schedule is staffed by voice-tracked DJs from outside Austin.
In Austin, iHeartMedia owns two country stations. 98.1 KVET-FM plays of mix of current, recent and classic country, while KASE-FM concentrates on more contemporary country titles.
History
Beautiful music
KASE-FM first signed on the air on March 30, 1969, playing an automated beautiful music format. It was co-owned with AM 1300 KVET, a popular AM country station. KASE-FM transmitted with an effective radiated power of 26,500 watts, a quarter of its current power.
After a little over a decade on the air, management saw an opening for a new FM format in Austin. While the AM station would continue to play an older, personality style of country and western music, KASE-FM was designed to appeal to younger country fans.
Switch to country
Bill Mayne, KASE Program director at the time, recalled in a 2010 interview, the Friday afternoon in September 1981 when KASE "came out of Mantovani and went into the Waylon Jennings song Are You Ready for the Country and had every dentist's office, nursing home and doctor's office in the city of Austin calling to complain."
The "Continuous Country" format became a hit with Austin listeners and has consistently been voted by radio general managers as one of the top twenty "Most Admired Stations" in America. It was the first station to win the "Station of the Year" award from the Country Music Association four times and was given its second Billboard Magazine "Station of the Year" award in 1997.
In 1990, KVET (AM) began simulcasting on 98.1 MHz. KASE continued to target adults in the 18-34 and 18-49 demographics, while KVET-FM targeted the 25-54 year old demographic.
Change in ownership
In 1998, KVET, Inc., which owned KVET-AM-FM and KASE-FM, sold its stations to Capstar, Inc. Capstar was later merged into Clear Channel Communications, which is known today as iHeartMedia.
KVET and KASE have historically been Austin's top country stations, staving off many competitors over the decades. KASE-FM has also been nominated for the Country Music Association (CMA) "Large Market Station of the Year" Award numerous times.
Personalities
Current:
The Bobby Bones Show, Anne Hudson, Alek Halverson, Aaron Michael, CMT After Midnight with Cody Alan
Former:
Tom Allen
JT Bosch
Erin Austin
Deena Blake
Bama Brown (Moved to sister station KVET-FM)
Kid Callahan (Larry Durham)
Mike Carta
Cody
Bob Cole
Gary Dixon
Gerry Harmon
Michael Hart (as Rick Shaw)
Keith Jacobs
Amy James
Chris Knight
Julie K
Matt Kaspar
Troy Kimmel
Rodney Lay, Jr.
Michelle Lee
Rachel Marisay
Jamie Martin
Rob Mason (Moved to sister station KVET-FM)
Brian Matheny (Wonderboy - KASE Morning Zoo)
Marvin Mempin
Anna McCann
Don Miller
Bob Pickett (Moved to sister station KVET-FM)
Michelle Roebuck
Scarlett
Heather White (Moved to sister station KVET-FM)
Mark Williams
John Zenor
Station management
Program Director - Jason McCollim
KASE-FM HD2/K248CU
KASE-FM HD2 launched an LGBT-oriented Dance format via translator K248CU (97.5 FM) on January 12, 2016. The format lasted until January 26, 2018, when it changed to its current Alternative Rock format as "Alt 97.5". In 2021, KASE-FM-HD2/K248CU was named as Austin FC's English-language radio broadcaster.
References
External links
Country radio stations in the United States
ASE-FM
Radio stations established in 1969
1969 establishments in Texas
IHeartMedia radio stations |
Grey Provincial Hospital is a Provincial government funded hospital in King William's Town, Eastern Cape in South Africa.
The hospital departments include Emergency department, Paediatric ward, Maternity ward, Out Patients Department, Surgical Services, Medical Services, Operating Theatre & CSSD Services, Pharmacy, Anti-Retroviral (ARV) treatment for HIV/AIDS, Post Trauma Counseling Services, X-ray Services, Laundry Services, Kitchen Services and Mortuary.
References
Eastern Cape Department of Health website - Amathole District Hospitals
Hospitals in the Eastern Cape
Qonce |
The rose-fronted parakeet (Pyrrhura roseifrons), known as the rose-fronted conure in aviculture, is a species of bird in the subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.
Taxonomy and systematics
The taxonomy of the rose-fronted parakeet is unsettled. Until the early 2000s, it was considered a subspecies of the painted parakeet (P. picta). They were separated, and subspecies added to it, as a result of studies published in 2002 and 2006. More subspecies were added as a result of a 2008 publication.
The International Ornithological Committee (IOC), the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society, and the Clements taxonomy assign it these four subspecies:
P. r. peruviana Hocking, Blake & Joseph, 2002
P. r. dilutissima Arndt, 2008
P. r. parvifrons Arndt, 2008
P. r. roseifrons (Gray, 1859)
The 2008 paper advocated that roseifrons and parvifrons be treated as monotypic species. It further advocated that peruviana be treated as a species with dilutissima as a subspecies of it. BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World adopted this three-species treatment, naming them rose-fronted, Garlepp's, and wavy-breasted parakeets respectively.
The rose-fronted parakeet is sometimes called the red-crowned parakeet, potentially leading to confusion with the New Zealand species of that name, Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae.
This article follows the four-subspecies model.
Description
The rose-fronted parakeet is long. The sexes are the same in all subspecies. Adults of the nominate subspecies P. r. roseifrons have a bright red crown and face and dirty whitish ear coverts. Their upperparts are mostly green with a maroon-red red lower back and rump. The hindcrown, throat, and breast are dark with buff to buffy-white edges to the feathers. The center of their belly is deep red to brownish red, and the rest of their underparts are yellowish green. Their wing is mostly green with blue primaries. Their tail is maroon. The iris is orange-brown to dark brown with pale pinkish white to blackish bare skin around it. Their bill is blackish with a whitish cere and their legs and feet are blackish gray. Immatures are similar to adults but without the red crown and face.
Subspecies P. r. peruviana has a deep maroon forehead, a greenish blue forecrown, a dusky gray hindcrown and nape, and a thin light blue band on the upper hindneck. Its face is mostly deep rusty brown to deep maroon with some greenish blue below the eye. Its throat and breast feathers are grayish with blackish wedge shapes and yellowish fringes. Its tail has a green base. P. r. dilutissima is similar to peruviana but has less blue on the forecrown, a rusty red rather than maroon face, and a grayer throat and breast with more yellow. P. r. parvifrons resembles the nominate but has a narrow red lower forehead, a dark brown crown and nape, and a deep red-brown face.
Distribution and habitat
The subspecies of the rose-fronted parakeet are found thus:
P. r. peruviana, Morona-Santiago Province in southeastern Ecuador and Amazonas and Loreto provinces in northeastern Peru
P. r. dilutissima, the Apurímac River valley in central Peru
P. r. parvifrons, Peru: eastern San Martín and west central Loreto departments and disjunctly in northeastern Loreto, the latter possibly only south of the Amazon River
P. r. roseifrons, south of the Amazon from northern Peru south to northern Bolivia and east into Brazil's Amazonas state (Note that the range map is of only this subspecies.)
The rose-fronted parakeet inhabits lowland evergreen forests and nearby clearings. The one confirmed record in Ecuador was at . In Peru, it occurs as high as .
Behavior
Movement
Nothing is known about the rose-fronted parakeet's movements.
Feeding
The rose-fronted parakeet has been observed foraging in flocks of up to about 30 individuals. Its diet includes fruit, seeds, flowers, and leaves of both wild and cultivated plants and trees.
Breeding
The rose-fronted parakeet breeds between January and March in northeastern Peru. An active nest was found in southeastern Peru's Manú National Park in early October. The nest was in a cavity in a live tree about above the ground. It held three eggs and a newly hatched chick. Four adults were tending the clutch.
Vocalization
The rose-fronted parakeet's flight call is "rolling bursts of prrrt prrrt notes" and it also makes "screeching calls and other conversational notes".
Status
The IUCN follows HBW taxonomy and so has separately assessed the subspecies of the rose-fronted parakeet. It has rated the nominate (P. r. roseifrons), "Garlepp's" parakeet (P. r. parvifrons), and "wavy-breasted" parakeet (P. r. peruviana + P. r. dilutissima) as being of Least Concern. None of them have a known population size and all populations are believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified for any of them. The species is known from a few protected areas. Some habitat is being lost to deforestation but the species does not appear to be much affected by the pet trade.
References
Further reading
Juniper, T., and M. Parr (1998). A Guide to the Parrots of the World. Pica Press, East Sussex.
Pyrrhura
Birds of South America
Birds of Peru
Birds of Ecuador
Birds of Brazil
Birds of Bolivia
Birds described in 1859
Taxa named by George Robert Gray |
Peter's Pence (or Denarii Sancti Petri and "Alms of St Peter") are donations or payments made directly to the Holy See of the Catholic Church. The practice began under the Saxons in England and spread through Europe. Both before and after the Norman conquest the practice varied by time and place: initially, it was given as a pious contribution, whereas later it was required by various rulers and collected like a tax. Though formally discontinued in England at the time of the Reformation, a post-Reformation payment of uncertain character was seen in some English manors into the 19th century. In 1871, Pope Pius IX formalized the practice of lay members of the church and "other persons of good will" providing financial support to the Roman See. Modern "Peter's Pence" proceeds are used by the Pope for philanthropic works throughout the world and for administrative costs of the Vatican state.
Medieval payment (1031–1555)
The term Peter's pence, in its Latin form, first appeared in writing in 1031. However, the payment may not have had a single origin under the Saxons. It was applied by the Normans to Ireland as a 'penny per hearth' annual tax in the later part of the twelfth century under the Papal Bull Laudabiliter. The traditional scholarly view is summarized in Jacob's Law Dictionary. Otherwise called by Saxons the Romefeoh (the fee due to Rome), it was a tribute, or rather an alms, given by Ina, King of the West Saxons, on his pilgrimage to Rome in 725. A similar "contribution" was also collected by Offa, King of the Mercians, throughout his dominions, in 794. However, it was said to be not a tribute to the pope, but for the maintenance of the English School or College at Rome. It was called Peter's pence because a penny from every house (subject to a means test) was collected on 1 August, the feast day of St. Peter ad Vincula. The penny of Offa was a small silver coin. King Edgar’s laws contained a sharp Constitution touching this money (Leg. Edg 78 c 4)
Some sources give the Anglo-Saxon term Romescot instead of Romefeoh.
The Offa story is elaborated in later accounts of unknown reliability:
Ethelbert, king of the East Angles, having reigned single some time, thought fit to take a wife; for this purpose he came to the court of Offa, king of Mercia, to desire his daughter in marriage. Cynethryth, consort of Offa, a cruel, ambitious, and blood-thirsty woman, who envied the retinue and splendor of the unsuspicious king, resolved in some manner to have him murdered, before he left their court, hoping by that to gain his immense riches; for this purpose she, with her malicious and fascinating arts, overcame the king–her husband, which she most cunningly effected, and, under deep disguises, laid open to him her portentous design; a villain was therefore hired, named Gimberd, who was to murder the innocent prince.
The manner in which the heinous crime was effected was as cowardly as it was fatal: under the chair of state in which Ethelbert sat, a deep pit was dug; at the bottom of it was placed the murderer; the unfortunate king was then let through a trap-door into the pit; his fear overcame him so much, that he did not attempt resistance. Three months after this, Queenrid died, when circumstances convinced Offa of the innocence of Ethelbert; he, therefore, to appease his guilt, built St. Alban's monastery, gave one-tenth part of his goods to the poor, and went in penance to Rome, where he gave to the Pope a penny for every house in his dominions.
The earliest documentary evidence concerning these payments is found in a letter written from Rome by King Canute to the English clergy in 1031. At that time, Canute was collecting a levy of one penny on each hearth or household, using a means test requiring that the household have an annual rental cost of thirty pence or more; households paying less than that in rent were exempt.
Over time, the payment came to be regarded as a tax rather than an offering, and payment was apt to be avoided, if possible, the more so as time went on. Indeed, in the 13th century, the revenue arising from it had been stabilized, on the basis of the assessment of a much earlier day, at the annual sum of £20 1s. 9d for the whole of England. Pope Clement V pressed to return to the more rewarding ancient basis of a penny from each sufficient household. By the 14th century, a standard sum, typically 5s. per manor or parish, was being given to local church authorities for forwarding. It appears that new tenants entering on a property which had historically been subject to a Peter's Pence levy did not always accept the obligation to pay.
Older sources are often unclear in their references to Peter's Pence, and there was (and remains) a degree of local confusion between it, various hearth taxes (sometimes called smoke-money or smoke-farthings), and other ancient payments.
By the end of the 12th century, the English population had increased, so the ecclesiastical authorities were collecting more than the stabilized sum, and keeping the surplus.
It ceased to be remitted to the pope after 1320, but seemingly this was not permanent. The exact reason for the 'prohibition' by Edward III is unknown, but the threat of withholding payment of Peter's Pence proved more than once a useful weapon against uncooperative popes in the hands of English kings. In 1366 and for some years after, it was refused on the grounds of the pope's obstinacy. Evidently, however, the payment survived or was revived in some localities, because it was one of many payments abolished by an Act of Parliament in the 25th year of Henry VIII's reign. The 1534 Act, "An Act for the exoneration of exactions paid to the See of Rome", specifically mentions Peter's Pence. Along with other payments, it was "never more to be levied … to any person", indicating that the payment was to be extinguished completely and not diverted to crown use. This occurred just prior to Henry's permanent break from the Church, which occurred in 1536, making England part of the Protestant Reformation.
However, under the Catholic Queen Mary, Henry VIII's reformation legislation was overturned. On 16 January 1555, royal assent was given to "An Act, repealing all Statutes, Articles, and Provisions, made against the See of Rome, sithence the 20th Year of King Henry the Eighth; and for the Establishment of Ecclesiastical Possessions conveyed to the Laity" (1 & 2 Philip & Mary c.8). However, this act did not mention Peter's Pence specifically. There is isolated evidence that in some parishes, payment of Peter's Pence did indeed resume during Mary's reign, for instance in Rowington, Warwickshire, where the church accounts for 1556 record the collection of 54s. 4d., a considerable sum. Mary's Act was in turn repealed by the 1559 Act of Supremacy, under the Protestant Queen Elizabeth I.
Post-Reformation practice in England
Despite the unequivocal abolition called for by the 1559 Act, payments termed Peter's Pence undoubtedly continued in England in the succeeding centuries. In one Devon parish, there is a record regarding 1609–1610 that states "besides 2s. for Peter's farthings there is a payment of 2s. for Peter's pence". In Gloucestershire, a survey of the then royal manor of Cheltenham in 1617 asked tenants, "whether there is not duly continued and paid certain moneys called peter pence; if not when did they discontinue and what was the sum of them and to whom was it paid?" This question indicates that at the least, Gloucester recognized that practices varied. The reply given was that, "the moneys called Peter Pence are commonly every year paid unto the Bailiff and are not discontinued to their knowledge, and the sum of them by the year is 5s. or thereabouts, as they think". This suggests that originally some 60 households contributed annually. The survey makes no mention of when in the year the payment was made, and whether the bailiff passed the money on or retained it on the lord's behalf. (Pre-Reformation practice in Cheltenham had called for payment—invariably of 5s.—on the accustomed date of 1 August, as above.) In Cheltenham manorial records, occasional references to properties being liable for Peter's Pence are seen until as late as 1802, but there is no direct evidence of any actual payment.
An Act of Parliament obtained in 1625 to clarify manorial customs in Cheltenham acknowledges the continued existence of Peter's Pence: "And be it enacted … that the said copyholders … shall … hold the said customary messuages and lands of the said manors severally and respectively, by copies of court-roll to them and their heirs, by suit of court, and by the yearly rents, worksilver, Peter-pence, and Bead Reap-money, to be paid severally and respectively as heretofore…"
It is uncertain how exceptional the situation in Cheltenham may have been. It is possible that the label Peter's Pence had been transferred to some other type of household or hearth tax. Some evidence for this comes from references in Minchinhampton (Gloucestershire) churchwardens' accounts of 1575 to "Peter-pence or smoke-farthings" expended at the time of the bishop's visitation in the summer. Smoke-farthings are glossed as a composition for offerings made in Whitsun week by every man who occupied a house with a chimney, to the cathedral of the diocese in which he lived; and that though Peter's pence was abolished in 1534, "on the grant of those monasteries to whom they had by custom become payable, they continued payable as appendant to the manors etc of the persons to whom granted". Before the Reformation, the lordship of the manor of Cheltenham had been held by the Abbess of Syon. It is plausible therefore that as both the pious payment of Peter's Pence and the secular manorial fees had once gone to the same institution, the former came over time to be regarded as part of the latter.
Revived custom
In 1871, Pope Pius IX formalized the practice of lay members of Church and "other persons of good will" – providing financial support directly to the Papal Treasury. In general, contributions go to the local parish or diocese, who then provide contributions to support higher level offices. Collections for Peter's Pence go directly to Rome. Pius IX approved this practice in the encyclical Saepe venerabilis, issued on 5 August 1871. The money collected is today used by the pope for philanthropic purposes.
At present, this collection is taken each year on the Sunday closest to 29 June, the Solemnity of the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul in the liturgical calendar. , the United States has donated the largest amounts, giving some 28% of the total, followed by Italy, Germany, Spain, France, Ireland, Brazil and South Korea. US donations totaled $75.8 million in 2008, $82.5 million in 2009, $67.7 million in 2010 and $69.7 million in 2011.
Finances
In 2019, it was revealed that the charity had secretly been used by people within the Vatican to buy luxury property in London and to finance movies such as the 2019 Elton John biopic Rocketman. It has also been used to finance the budget deficit of the Holy See. As a partial justification for this, two commentators in the University of Notre Dame's Church Life Journal note the "strange situation of the Holy See with regard to its wealth." It has "global scope spiritually yet with minuscule territory." For a sovereign state with virtually no tax base and no territory, it is necessary to invest in order to meet is financial needs and goals, said Gladden Pappin and Edoardo Bueri."
See also
Institute for the Works of Religion
References
External links
Peter's Pence Official Website
The Holy See Homepage
Peter's Pence Page
Online listing of Bristol & Glos Arch. Soc. Transactions
Gloucestershire Archives homepage
Pope Pius IX
Economic history of the Holy See
Secretariat of State (Holy See)
Religious taxation
Alms in Christianity
Medieval economics
Catholic Church and finance |
Xiangzhou District (; literally: "Fragrant Islet") is a district of Zhuhai, Guangdong province. It is located at the southwest corner of the Pearl River Delta, bordering Macau to the south and southeast. The district is the political, financial, transit, and cultural center of Zhuhai.
Administration
The district is divided in 9 subdistricts and 6 towns.
Education
Zhuhai Girls' Middle School, a private girls' junior-senior high school, is in Xiangzhou District.
QSI International School of Zhuhai is in Wanzi Subdistrict, Xiangzhou District. QSI Zhuhai previously was in Building 2B, Hengxin Industry District (), Gongbei Subdistrict, Xiangzhou District. It was later on the campus of Zhuhai Girls' Middle School in Xiangzhou District.
The Zhuhai Japanese Saturday School (), a supplementary Japanese school, holds classes at QSI Zhuhai.
References
County-level divisions of Guangdong
Zhuhai |
Susan Jane Cunningham (March 23, 1842 – January 24, 1921) was an American mathematician instrumental in the founding and development of Swarthmore College. She was born in Maryland, and studied mathematics and astronomy with Maria Mitchell at Vassar College as a special student during 1866–67. She also studied those subjects during several summers at Harvard University, Princeton University, Newnham College, Cambridge, the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, and Williams College.
Early life and education
Mary Jane Cunningham was born in Harford County, Maryland, March 23, 1842. On her mother's side she was of Quaker descent. Her mother died in 1845, and Susan was left to the care of her grandparents.
She attended a Friends' school until she was fifteen years old, when it was decided that she should prepare for the work of teaching. She was sent to a Friends' boarding-school in Montgomery County, Maryland for a year, when family cares required her to return home, and she continued her studies in the school near by.
At nineteen, she became a teacher, and she has taught thereafter, with the exception of two years, one of which she spent in the Friends' school in Leghorne, or Attleboro, and the other in Vassar College. She spent her summer vacations in study. She studied in Harvard College Observatory in the summers of 1874 and 1876, in Princeton observatory in 1881, in Williamstown in 1883 and 1884, under Prof. Truman Henry Safford, and in Cambridge, England, in 1877, in 1878, in 1879 and in 1882, under a private tutor. In 1887, she studied in the Cambridge Observatory, England, and in 1891, she spent the summer in the Greenwich, England, observatory.
Career
In 1869, she became one of the founders of the mathematics and astronomy departments at Swarthmore, and she headed both those divisions until her retirement in 1906. She was Swarthmore's first professor of astronomy, and was professor of mathematics at the college beginning in 1871. By 1888, she was Mathematics Department Chair, and that year she was given permission to plan and equip the first observatory in Swarthmore, which housed the astronomy department, and in which she lived in until her retirement; it was known as Cunningham Observatory. The building still exists on the campus although it is no longer used as an observatory, and is now simply known as the Cunningham Building. In 1888, Cunningham was given the first honorary doctorate of science ever given by Swarthmore. In 1891, she became one of the first six women to join the New York Mathematical Society, which later became the American Mathematical Society. The very first was Charlotte Angas Scott, and the other four were Mary E. Byrd of Smith College, Mary Watson Whitney of Vassar, Ellen Hayes of Wellesley, and Amy Rayson, who taught mathematics and physics at a private school in New York City. Cunningham was also a member of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific as early as 1891. She was also a founder member of the British Astronomical Association in 1890, resigned 1908 September.
She was named a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1901.
Death
Cunningham died on January 24, 1921, from heart failure. Her funeral service was held on-campus in the Swarthmore College Meeting House, and was attended by many notable figures such as then-Pennsylvania governor William C. Sproul and Pennsylvania State Commissioner of Health Edward Martin.
References
Attribution
External links
1842 births
1921 deaths
19th-century American mathematicians
20th-century American mathematicians
American women mathematicians
Swarthmore College faculty
20th-century women mathematicians
Wikipedia articles incorporating text from A Woman of the Century
People from Harford County, Maryland
Vassar College alumni
Harvard University alumni
Princeton University alumni
Newnham College, Cambridge
Williams College alumni
20th-century American women
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
19th-century American women |
Hatsachai Sankla (, born November 28, 1991) is a Thai professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Thai League 3 club Pattaya Dolphins United.
Honour
Club
PT Prachuap FC
Thai League Cup (1) : 2019
Pattaya Dolphins United
Thai League 3 Eastern Region (1): 2022–23
References
External links
1991 births
Living people
Hatsachai Sankla
Men's association football goalkeepers
Hatsachai Sankla
Hatsachai Sankla
Hatsachai Sankla |
Marcilly-la-Campagne () is a commune in the Eure department in Normandy in northern France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Eure department
References
Communes of Eure |
Seneca was a merchant schooner that the Provincial Marine commandeered at the outbreak of the War of 1812. She belonged to an American owner, Ebeneezer Hubbard, and the British seized her at Kingston, Ontario on 25 June 1812. She may have been armed with two guns, and Commodore Isaac Chauncey at one point reported that she was armed with 4 guns and had a crew of 40 men. On 2 November she was at York undergoing a survey of her stores. On 21 November cannon fire from Fort Niagara sank her as she lay in the Niagara River under Navy Hall.
References
Stacey, C.P. (1953) "The ships of the British Squadron on Lake Ontario, 1812–14". Canadian Historical Review (Vol. 34), pp. 312–313.
War of 1812 ships of the United Kingdom
Great Lakes ships
War of 1812 ships of Canada
Provincial Marine |
The Piggott Commercial Historic District encompasses the original center of the city of Piggott, Arkansas, as originally platted out in 1887. It is centered on the square where the Clay County courthouse is located, buildings facing the courthouse square, and also buildings along some of the adjacent streets. In addition to the courthouse (separately listed on the National Register in 2018), the district includes the c. 1910 railroad depot, city hall, two churches, the 1930s Post Office building, a cotton gin, and a grain storage yard. The town grew because of the railroad, and the plentiful timber in the area, whose harvesting fueled the early economy in the region. The oldest building in the district is the 1897 Clay County Bank at 188 West Main Street.
The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Clay County, Arkansas
References
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
Neoclassical architecture in Arkansas
Buildings designated early commercial in the National Register of Historic Places
Buildings and structures completed in 1937
Buildings and structures in Clay County, Arkansas
National Register of Historic Places in Clay County, Arkansas |
Debby Susanto (born 3 May 1989) is an Indonesian former badminton player who specializes in doubles. She joined PB Djarum, a badminton club in Kudus, Central Java from 2006 until her retirement. Susanto known as Muhammad Rijal's longtime partner in the mixed doubles. The partnership ended in the end of the 2013 shortly after they won gold medal in 2013 SEA Games in Myanmar due to Rijal's resignation from national team.
Since the beginning of 2014, she is pairing fellow Indonesian Praveen Jordan who was called up to the national team. The duo won the oldest badminton tournament All England Open in 2016, and also the gold medal at the 2015 SEA Games.
Awards and nominations
Achievements
Asian Games
Mixed doubles
SEA Games
Mixed doubles
World Junior Championships
Mixed doubles
Asian Junior Championships
Girls' doubles
BWF Superseries (2 titles, 3 runners-up)
The BWF Superseries, which was launched on 14 December 2006 and implemented in 2007, was a series of elite badminton tournaments, sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF). BWF Superseries levels were Superseries and Superseries Premier. A season of Superseries consisted of twelve tournaments around the world that had been introduced since 2011. Successful players were invited to the Superseries Finals, which were held at the end of each year.
Mixed doubles
BWF Superseries Finals tournament
BWF Superseries Premier tournament
BWF Superseries tournament
BWF Grand Prix (2 titles, 9 runners-up)
The BWF Grand Prix had two levels, the Grand Prix and Grand Prix Gold. It was a series of badminton tournaments sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF) and played between 2007 and 2017.
Mixed doubles
BWF Grand Prix Gold tournament
BWF Grand Prix tournament
BWF International Challenge/Series (1 title)
Women's doubles
BWF International Challenge tournament
BWF International Series tournament
Performance timeline
National team
Junior level
Senior level
Individual competitions
Junior level
Senior level
Record against selected opponents
Mixed doubles results against World Superseries finalists, World Superseries Finals finalists, World Championships semifinalists, and Olympic quarterfinalists paired with:
Praveen Jordan
Liu Cheng & Bao Yixin 3–2
Lu Kai & Huang Yaqiong 2–2
Xu Chen & Ma Jin 2–2
Zhang Nan & Li Yinhui 1–0
Zhang Nan & Zhao Yunlei 1–8
Zheng Siwei & Chen Qingchen 0–6
Joachim Fischer Nielsen & Christinna Pedersen 6–6
Chris Adcock & Gabby Adcock 0–5
Lee Chun Hei & Chau Hoi Wah 5–4
Riky Widianto & Richi Puspita Dili 2–0
Tontowi Ahmad & Liliyana Natsir 1–4
Kenta Kazuno & Ayane Kurihara 2–0
Ko Sung-hyun & Kim Ha-na 4–4
Yoo Yeon-seong & Chang Ye-na 1–0
Chan Peng Soon & Goh Liu Ying 1–1
Robert Mateusiak & Nadieżda Zięba 0–1
Muhammad Rijal
Qiu Zihan & Bao Yixin 0–1
Tao Jiaming & Tian Qing 0–2
Xu Chen & Ma Jin 1–2
Zhang Nan & Zhao Yunlei 0–7
Chen Hung-ling & Cheng Wen-hsing 1–2
Joachim Fischer Nielsen & Christinna Pedersen 1–2
Thomas Laybourn & Kamilla Rytter Juhl 0–1
Nathan Robertson & Jenny Wallwork 1–1
Michael Fuchs & Birgit Michels 2–1
Lee Chun Hei & Chau Hoi Wah 1–0
Fran Kurniawan & Pia Zebadiah Bernadet 0–2
Hendra Aprida Gunawan & Vita Marissa 0–1
Hendra Setiawan & Anastasia Russkikh 0–1
Riky Widianto & Richi Puspita Dili 2–0
Tontowi Ahmad & Liliyana Natsir 0–3
Ko Sung-hyun & Eom Hye-won 0–1
Ko Sung-hyun & Ha Jung-eun 0–1
Lee Yong-dae & Lee Hyo-jung 0–1
Shin Baek-cheol & Eom Hye-won 0–1
Yoo Yeon-seong & Chang Ye-na 0–2
Chan Peng Soon & Goh Liu Ying 3–2
Robert Mateusiak & Nadieżda Zięba 0–1
Songphon Anugritayawon & Kunchala Voravichitchaikul 3–0
Sudket Prapakamol & Saralee Thungthongkam 0–2
References
External links
1989 births
Living people
People from Palembang
Sportspeople from South Sumatra
Indonesian people of Chinese descent
Indonesian female badminton players
Badminton players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic badminton players for Indonesia
Badminton players at the 2014 Asian Games
Badminton players at the 2018 Asian Games
Asian Games bronze medalists for Indonesia
Asian Games medalists in badminton
Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games
Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games
Competitors at the 2011 SEA Games
Competitors at the 2013 SEA Games
Competitors at the 2015 SEA Games
SEA Games gold medalists for Indonesia
SEA Games silver medalists for Indonesia
SEA Games bronze medalists for Indonesia
SEA Games medalists in badminton |
Dhapuk Simal Bhanjyang is a village development committee in Syangja District in the Gandaki Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3666 people living in 835 individual households.
References
External links
UN map of the municipalities of Syangja District
Populated places in Syangja District |
The Cabinet of Tryggvi Þórhallsson was formed 28 August 1927.
Cabinets
Inaugural cabinet
Change (8 December 1928)
Change (7 March 1929)
Change (20 April 1931)
Change (20 August 1931)
See also
1927 establishments in Iceland
1932 disestablishments in Iceland
Tryggvi Thorhallsson, Cabinet of
Cabinets established in 1927
Cabinets disestablished in 1932
Progressive Party (Iceland) |
The Tomorrow's India Global Summit is an annual Global Business, Knowledge and Cultural Event. Tomorrow's India is an important wing of the Global Social (India) Foundation. It is an initiative working towards the elevation of talent across a number fields such as Education, Literature, Leadership, Music, Arts and Culture. Words of courage, stories of inspiration and actions of change is the aim of Tomorrow's India, which is presented in thematic pattern with the help of dialogues, discussions and debates with the pioneers in the field across the globe.
The Summit is the brainchild of H P Singh, chairman and managing director of Satin Creditcare Network Limited.
History, timeline
2016 Singapore
The 2016 edition of Tomorrow's India Global Summit was organised by the RICE Company Limited, with GAC Ventures participating as its Green and Sustainability partner. The venue was Shangri-La Hotel, Orchard, Singapore. It featured a number of personalities from different fields such as Gopinath Pillai, Prahlad Kakkar, Arokiaswamy Velumani, Vijay Thakur Singh - the high commissioner to Singapore, Suneeta Reddy - Managing Director ApolloHospitals Group, Mark Runacres - Senior Advisor International Affairs & Co-founder of the British education Centre, Theng Dar Teng - Hub Honcho OIIO Hub Pte Ltd.
2016 Korea
At Incheon, the grand event was inaugurated by Vikram Doraiswami, Indian Ambassador to Republic of Korea, H P Singh, managing director and Founder of Tomorrow's India Global Summit, Yoo, Jeong-bok, Mayor of Incheon Metropolitan City and Lee, Kang-shin, Chairman of Incheon Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
The four-day summit witnessed the participation of over 150 delegates including industry leaders, business experts and students from across the globe.
The highlight of the summit was the announcement of a Memorandum of Understanding signed between GSIF and Seoul Metropolitan City to promote business and trade relations between India and Korea. The event had a focused initiative to offer expansion and investment opportunities to Indian start-ups, MSMEs.
Corporate businesses saw Bangalore-based Uber Diagnostics raise Rs. 1.5 crore in funding from global investors. Korea also launched an e-book on Digital India and Smart Cities.
A start-up from Kerala 'Avant Garde Innovations' that envisions electricity at every home and assures to put an end to power woes in the state with its innovative low cost high energy wind power generator, was felicitated at Tomorrow's India Global Summit at Seoul.
It featured a number of speakers from across the globe such as - Vikram Doraiswami, Ambassador of India to Republic of Korea, Devita Saraf, Dalton Sembiring - Minister, Deputy Chief of Mission, Edmbassy of the Republic of Indonesia to India, Yang Chang - Soo, Ambassador of International Relations, Gyeonggi Provincial Government, Dongrok Suh - Deputy Mayor for Economic Planning, Seoul Metropolitan Government, Pramod Saxena - chairman and managing director, Oxygen Services(India) Pvt. Ltd.
2017 Delhi
The 2017 edition of the event took place in Delhi, National Capital of India. It introduced some more elements than its previous edition. This edition featured some of the prominent figures and speakers in India from across various fields, such as Politics, Journalism, Bollywood, Entrepreneurs, Business, Literature, Sports and Music. The speakers included some prominent figures such as Arun Shourie, Rajdeep Sardesai, Chetan Bhagat, Satyadev Pachauri, R Gandhi, Rajat Kapoor, Nandita Das, Kalki Koechlin, Deepa Malik, Varun Grover, Anshu Gupta, Laxmi Agarwal, Harish Iyer and Amey Nerkar. The event brought some burning topics in light related to Politics, Indian Cinema, Gender Sensitization, Racism, Law, Humanitarianism, Sports, Agriculture, Knowledge and Education.
2018
On 25 May 2018, Tomorrow's India launched a campaign called "Let's Start with I". The focus of this campaign is on the younger generation to take initiatives to address issues such as Child Labor, Education and Health & Sanitation, for building a better future, which has been the motto of Global Social India Foundation. This campaign was carried on until 25 September 2018. Several other companies like Lenskart, Ferns N Petals etc. joined this campaign by providing special offers to people registering with the campaign.
References
External links
https://telanganatoday.com/electoral-system-arun-shourie
https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/pressure-to-change-electoral-system-should-come-from-society-1060494-2017-10-08
https://www.satincreditcare.com/
https://www.timeout.com/delhi/events/tomorrow-s-india-global-summit-2017
https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/events/delhi/tomorrows-india-global-summit-2017/Nandita-Das/articleshow/61001651.cms
International conferences
Business conferences in India
Entrepreneurship in India
Organisations based in Delhi
Business conferences
Cultural conferences
2016 conferences
2017 conferences
2018 conferences
21st-century conferences |
You can help build this list by migrating species from the List of Pelecaniformes by population to align it with the article Pelecaniformes.
Suliformes include the following families: Sulidae (gannets and boobies), Fregatidae (frigatebirds), Phalacrocoracidae (cormorants), Anhingidae (darters), and the Plotopteridae (flightless seabirds of the North Pacific that went extinct in the Miocene).
Lists of birds |
Tiffany Kiara Hayes (born September 20, 1989) is an American-Azerbaijani professional basketball player for the Connecticut Sun of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). Hayes played college basketball for the Connecticut Huskies, playing for the 2009 and 2010 NCAA National Champions.
Early life
Hayes was born September 20, 1989, in Winter Haven, a city in Central Florida, to Dorothy and Renard Hayes.
High school
Hayes played basketball for Winter Haven High School in Winter Haven, Florida. The team compiled a 117–9 record during her career, and won the state championship in 2004 and 2007. She was the leading scorer on her team, scoring an average of 18.3 points per game.
Hayes helped lead the AAU team Essence to the 2007 National Championship.
Hayes was invited to the 2007 Youth Development Festival, a USA Basketball sponsored event for elite sophomores and juniors in high school, biennially at the U.S. Olympic Training Center. The 2007 event featured three teams from the US and a team representing Brazil. Hayes was leading scorer of the White USA team, which won five of its games to clinch the gold medal. Hoopgulrz.com named Hayes the outstanding player of the Festival.
Hayes participated in the 2008 Nike SPARQ Training 'My Better' Championship event. She finished the preliminary round as one of the top twenty-two out of the 3,000 high school athletes competing. The top finishers were flown to Nike World Headquarters for the finals. Hayes finished second among all females competing.
College career
Hayes played for the University of Connecticut Huskies. She knew about the program when she was a little girl, and had interest in UConn since childhood. UConn became interested in Hayes in 2006, when an assistant coach, Tonya Cardoza, saw her playing AAU ball. Despite heavy recruitment by many other schools, UConn made an offer when Hayes was a junior, and Hayes committed to attend Connecticut.
She asked to wear number 3, the number most recently worn by UConn legend Diana Taurasi. Hayes was not a starter at the beginning of the season, but after teammate Caroline Doty was injured, she stepped into the starting line-up. Her career high scoring game was against California in the regional semifinal of the NCAA Championship. Connecticut won every game of the season by double digits, but found itself in the unusual position of being eight points behind in the California game. Hayes scored 28 points to help lead the team to a victory.
Hayes was invited to the tryouts for the USA Women’s World University Games Team. She made the team, as the youngest player on the team, and the only freshman. She helped the team to a 7–0 record and a gold medal in Belgrade, Serbia.
On the fifth of February 2011, the Connecticut Huskies beat DePaul 89–66. This game was the 100th win in Hayes' college career, and occurred in her 101st game, making her the fastest player in NCAA basketball history to reach 100 wins. Hayes scored 35 points against Syracuse on January 26, setting a career high, and followed that up with 33 points against South Florida, two days later. The 68 combined points in back-to-back games is the highest point total in consecutive game by any Connecticut player in history.
College statistics
Professional career
WNBA
Hayes was selected by the Atlanta Dream as the second pick in the second round, the 14th overall pick of the 2012 WNBA draft. In her rookie season, Hayes played 34 games with 17 starts while averaging 8.6 PPG as a reserve on the Dream's roster. She was named to the WNBA All-Rookie team.
In her second season, Hayes played 23 games with 4 starts and averaged 11.3 PPG. That season, the Dream advanced all the way to the 2013 WNBA Finals, but were swept by the Minnesota Lynx.
In the 2014 season, Hayes officially became the starting shooting guard for the Dream and averaged 12.9 PPG.
In 2016, Hayes re-signed with the Dream to a multi-year deal once her rookie contract expired. During the 2016 season, Hayes averaged 15 PPG. In a loss to the Los Angeles Sparks, Hayes scored a career-high 32 points. Her stellar performance continued into the playoffs, where she scored a playoff career-high 30 points in the second round elimination game against the Chicago Sky in a losing effort.
In 2017, with the team's leading scorer Angel McCoughtry deciding to rest during the season, Hayes took on more scoring responsibility in her absence and continued to improve offensively. She was voted into the 2017 WNBA All-Star Game, making it her very first all-star game appearance. By the end of the season, Hayes put up a career-high scoring average of 16.3 PPG, but the Dream finished with a 12–22 record, missing out on the playoffs.
In 2018, with the return of McCoughtry, the Dream was back in the mix for a playoff spot and eventually emerged as a title contender. Hayes was voted into the 2018 WNBA All-Star Game, making it her second all-star game appearance. She finished the season with a new career high in scoring. The Dream finished 23–11 with the number 2 seed in the league, receiving a double-bye to the semi-finals. McCoughtry was sidelined with a knee injury and the Dream were eliminated by the Washington Mystics in five games.
On August 10, 2019, Hayes scored a new-career high 34 points in a 87–82 loss to the Indiana Fever. With McCoughtry sidelined for the whole season with a knee injury, the Dream finished with a league worst 8–26 record.
Overseas
In the 2012-13 off-season, Hayes played in Israel for Hapoel Rishon LeZion. In the 2013-14 off-season, Hayes played in Turkey for Beşiktaş JK for the first portion of the off-season and spent the second portion of the off-season playing in Brazil for America de Recife. In the 2015-16 off-season, Hayes played in Turkey once again for Yakin Dogu. As of August 2016, Hayes signed with Mersin BSB S.K. for the 2016-17 off-season. In 2017, Hayes signed with Maccabi Ashdod for the 2017-18 offseason. In 2019, Hayes signed with Perfumerías Avenida of the Spanish League for the 2019-20 off-season and renewed for 2020-2021.
National team career
Hayes was a part of the United States women's national basketball team which won gold at the 2009 Summer Universiade held at Belgrade, Serbia. She also appeared in the exhibition match victory against China in 2018.
In 2015, Hayes became an Azerbaijani citizen, and competed for the Azerbaijan women's national basketball team at the 2015 European Games held in Baku, Azerbaijan during June 2015. She competed in the 3x3 basketball event, where her team progressed till the quarterfinals.
WNBA career statistics
Regular season
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2012
| style="text-align:left;"| Atlanta
| 34 || 17 || 23.1 || .390 || .273 || .786 || 3.1 || 2.1 || 0.8 || 0.3 || 1.5 || 8.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2013
| style="text-align:left;"| Atlanta
| 23 || 4 || 22.3 || .406 || .377 || .745 || 3.7 || 1.7 || 1.2 || 0.1 || 1.7 || 11.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2014
| style="text-align:left;"| Atlanta
| 34 || 32 || 28.4 || .464 || .357 || .760 || 3.0 || 2.5 || 1.0 || 0.2 || 1.2 || 12.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2015
| style="text-align:left;"| Atlanta
| 28 || 27 || 29.9 || .392 || .274 || .805 || 3.0 || 2.2 || 1.0 || 0.3 || 1.6 || 12.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2016
| style="text-align:left;"| Atlanta
| 33 || 33 || 30.8 || .441 || .274 || .804 || 3.4 || 2.4 || 1.2 || 0.2 || 1.7 || 15.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2017
| style="text-align:left;"| Atlanta
| 33 || 33 || 30.0 || .436 || .372 || .854 || 3.8 || 2.4 || 1.2 || 0.2 || 1.8 || 16.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2018
| style="text-align:left;"| Atlanta
| 31 || 29 || 28.9 || .441 || .321 || .817 || 3.6 || 2.7 || 1.1 || 0.2 || 1.6 || 17.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2019
| style="text-align:left;"| Atlanta
| 29 || 29 || 28.2 || .393 || .308 || .764 || 3.0 || 2.8 || 1.0 || 0.2 || 2.4 || 14.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2021
| style="text-align:left;"| Atlanta
| 21 || 19 || 28.3 || .438 || .405 || .853 || 3.2 || 3.0 || 1.6 || 0.2 || 1.5 || 14.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2022
| style="text-align:left;"| Atlanta
| 11 || 11 || 27.5 || .545 || .429 || .683 || 3.6 || 2.1 || 0.7 || 0.1 || 2.0 || 16.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| Career
| style="text-align:left;"| 10 years, 1 team
| 277 || 234 || 27.9 || .429 || .331 || .797 || 3.3 || 2.4 || 1.1 || 0.3 || 1.7 || 13.8
Postseason
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2012
| style="text-align:left;"| Atlanta
| 3 || 0 || 16.3 || .364 || .333 || 1.000 || 2.3 || 1.7 || 1.6 || 0.3 || 1.6 || 4.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2013
| style="text-align:left;"| Atlanta
| 8 || 6 || 28.4 || .390 || .353 || .767 || 4.5 || 1.9 || 0.6 || 0.0 || 1.3 || 12.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2014
| style="text-align:left;"| Atlanta
| 3 || 3 || 31.1 || .481 || .333|| .900 || 3.0 || 2.0 || 0.3 || 0.3 || 1.3 || 12.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2016
| style="text-align:left;"| Atlanta
| 1 || 1 || 36.7 || .588 || .429 || .875 || 6.0 || 2.0 || 1.0 || 0.0 || 2.0 || 30.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2018
| style="text-align:left;"| Atlanta
| 5 || 5 || 33.6 || .444 || .375 || .800 || 6.2 || 3.4 || 1.4 || 0.2 || 2.0 || 16.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| Career
| style="text-align:left;"|5 years, 1 team
| 20 || 15 || 28.7 || .435 || .362 || .818 || 4.5 || 2.3 || 1.0 || 0.2 || 1.6 || 13.1
Awards and honors
2007—MVP, Nike Nationals, HoopGurlz.com
2007—First Team, All-State 5A (Florida)
2008—McDonald's All-America
2008—Parade Magazine All-America
2009–10—Wade Watch
2010–11—Wade Watch
2011—First Team All Big East
2012—WNBA All-Rookie Team
See also
Connecticut Huskies women's basketball
2008–09 Connecticut Huskies women's basketball team
2009–10 Connecticut Huskies women's basketball team
References
External links
Tiffany Hayes at USAB
Tiffany Hayes at EuroLeague Women
Tiffany Hayes at EuroCup Women
1989 births
Living people
People from Vernon Parish, Louisiana
All-American college women's basketball players
Atlanta Dream draft picks
Atlanta Dream players
American women's basketball players
Azerbaijani women's basketball players
American emigrants to Azerbaijan
Naturalized citizens of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani people of African-American descent
European Games competitors for Azerbaijan
Basketball players at the 2015 European Games
United States women's national basketball team players
American expatriate basketball people in Turkey
American expatriate basketball people in Spain
Azerbaijani expatriate basketball people in Turkey
Azerbaijani expatriate basketball people in Spain
Beşiktaş women's basketball players
Mersin Büyükşehir Belediyesi S.K. players
McDonald's High School All-Americans
Parade High School All-Americans (girls' basketball)
Shooting guards
UConn Huskies women's basketball players
FISU World University Games gold medalists for the United States
Universiade medalists in basketball
Medalists at the 2009 Summer Universiade
Women's National Basketball Association All-Stars
Azerbaijani expatriate basketball people in Israel
American expatriate basketball people in Israel
American expatriate basketball people in Brazil
Basketball players from Florida
Connecticut Sun players
Naturalised basketball players |
Carlyle is a city in Clinton County, Illinois, United States. The population was 3,253 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Clinton County.
Carlyle is located approximately east of St. Louis, Missouri, and is home to Illinois' largest man-made lake, Carlyle Lake, and to the General Dean Suspension Bridge, a suspension bridge that is the only one of its kind in Illinois and crosses the Kaskaskia River.
History
In 1811 or 1812, a man named John Hill built one of several "block" houses along the Goshen Trail, located at what is currently 201 Fairfax Street. The houses were reportedly built to serve as a line of defense against Native Americans. John Hill built the first house to be located in what has become Carlyle. He also established what could be considered Carlyle's first business: a ferry to carry traffic across the Kaskaskia River, including a small shelter at the river which served as a toll house.
In 1816, Charles Slade and two of his brothers reached the John Hill settlement and bought him out. Charles farmed the land, took over the ferry, and within a year partnered with a man named Hubbard to start the first store, a mercantile business located at what is now 301 Fairfax Street. In 1818, a man named Calvin Barnes laid out town lots. On March 10, 1819, a post office was first established under the name Carlisle, Illinois. This spelling might have been a clerical error.
The area was settled after the 1809 creation of the Illinois Territory but before Illinois achieved statehood, six to seven years after John Hill had already built his establishment. Illinois' first state capitol was located in Kaskaskia, but in 1820 the state decided that it should be moved. Carlyle lost to Vandalia by one vote. In 1824, the State of Illinois created Clinton County by carving it out of Washington, Bond, and Fayette counties. Carlyle was to be the county seat should land be donated for this purpose. Charles Slade donated of property so that the county seat would be located in Carlyle.
Carlyle was founded in 1818 by Charles W. Slade, father of Joseph "Jack" Slade, who named the town after his grandmother's family. It was incorporated as a town on 2/10/1837 and incorporated as a city on 4/17/1884. Carlyle celebrated 150 years and used the 1837 date.
Charles Slade pushed hard for Carlyle to become the state capital of Illinois, but lost by one vote to Vandalia in 1819. In 1824, Clinton County was formed, and Carlyle became the county seat in July 1825, both at the initiative of Charles Slade.
Geography
Carlyle is located slightly east of the center of Clinton County at (38.612642, -89.370789). The Kaskaskia River flows through the easternmost part of the city out of Carlyle Dam, located just northeast of the city limits and which impounds Carlyle Lake, the largest lake wholly in Illinois.
U.S. Route 50 passes through the city, leading east to Salem and west to St. Louis. Illinois Route 127 leads north to Greenville and south to Nashville, Illinois. The General Dean Suspension Bridge, built in 1859 and named after Major General William F. Dean in 1953, crosses the Kaskaskia River just north of the current US 50 bridge.
According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Carlyle has a total area of , of which (or 99.97%) is land and (or 0.03%) is water.
Demographics
As of the 2020 census there were 3,253 people, 1,442 households, and 1,041 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 1,480 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 88.56% White, 3.90% African American, 0.31% Native American, 0.89% Asian, 0.86% from other races, and 5.47% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.34% of the population.
There were 1,442 households, out of which 34.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.50% were married couples living together, 19.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.81% were non-families. 24.48% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.74% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 2.34.
The city's age distribution consisted of 17.7% under the age of 18, 18.3% from 18 to 24, 22.9% from 25 to 44, 25% from 45 to 64, and 16.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.1 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $54,750, and the median income for a family was $67,188. Males had a median income of $28,125 versus $29,296 for females. The per capita income for the city was $27,101. About 10.9% of families and 11.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.1% of those under age 18 and 30.7% of those age 65 or over.
Notable people
Herman J. C. Beckemeyer, Illinois state legislator, lawyer, and mayor of Carlyle
Sidney Breese, circuit court judge, US senator, Illinois Supreme Court justice, Speaker of the Illinois House of Representatives
William F. Dean, major general, Medal of Honor recipient
Elias Smith Dennis, Union Army general in the Civil War
James Donnewald, state treasurer
Pat Jarvis, pitcher for the Atlanta Braves and Montreal Expos
Patsy McGaffigan, infielder for the Philadelphia Phillies
Edwin P. Ramsey, United States Army officer
Mel Simons, outfielder for the Chicago White Sox
Charles Slade, US marshal, congressman
Jack Slade, American frontier figure, gunslinger
William A. J. Sparks, US congressman
Notes
References
External links
1818 establishments in Illinois
Cities in Clinton County, Illinois
Cities in Illinois
County seats in Illinois
Populated places established in 1818 |
Francisca Matilde Carranza Volío, better known as Matilde Carranza was a Costa Rican activist and teacher. She was the first Costa Rican woman to receive a doctorate in philosophy.
Life
Matilde Carranza was born on January 6, 1892, in San José, Costa Rica and baptized on 7 February 1892. Her parents were Francisco Carranza and Petronila Volío. She was one of the leaders of the teacher's strike of 1919 against the labor policies of President Federico Tinoco Granados, which culminated in setting fire to the government newspaper office, La Información. The strike, led by Ángela Acuña Braun included teachers like Ana Rosa Chacón, Lilia González, Carmen Lyra, Victoria Madrigal, Vitalia Madrigal, Esther De Mezerville, María Ortiz, Teodora Ortiz, Ester Silva and Andrea Venegas. In 1920, she went with Lyra and González to Europe to learn the Montessori education model so that it could be implemented in Costa Rica. From the early 1930s, Carranza was furthering her studies in the United States, and continued for almost a decade graduating with a doctorate in philosophy from the University of Wisconsin in 1940. Her graduate thesis, El pueblo visto a través de los Episodios nacionales was published in Costa Rica in 1942. After graduation, she began teaching at Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, Indiana.
References
Further reading
1892 births
Costa Rican academics
Costa Rican activists
Costa Rican women activists
Year of death missing
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni |
Vatapá (Yoruba: vata'pa, ) is an Afro-Brazilian dish made from bread, shrimp, coconut milk, finely ground peanuts and palm oil mashed into a creamy paste. It is a typical food of Salvador, Bahia and it is also common to the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. In the northeastern state of Bahia it is commonly eaten with acarajé, and as a ritual offering in Candomblé, with acaçá or acarajé. Vatapá is often eaten with white rice in other regions of Brazil. The shrimp can be replaced with other ingredients.
Etymology
"Vatapá" is probably derived from the term Yoruba vata'pa.
Origin
Vatapá is of African origin, and arrived in Brazil through the Yoruba people with the name of ehba-tápa.
It is a typical dish of the northeastern cuisine and very traditional in the state of Bahia, where palm oil is an ingredient and the dish is frequently served with caruru.
See also
Matapa
List of Brazilian dishes
References
Brazilian cuisine
Cuisine of Northern Brazil
Cuisine of Northeast Brazil |
Thomas Boylston Adams (July 25, 1910 – June 4, 1997) was an American business executive, writer, academician, and political candidate.
Early life
Adams was born on July 25, 1910, in Kansas City, Missouri. His parents were John Francis Adams and Marian Morse Adams, and his grandfather was Charles Francis Adams Jr., through whom he was a member of the Adams political family of Massachusetts and a descendant of American presidents John Adams and John Quincy Adams.
Adams graduated from the Groton School and then attended Harvard College. He was a captain in the United States Army Air Corps during World War II, a vice president of the Sheraton Corporation of America from 1954 to 1963, and president of Adams Securities from 1964 to 1968.
Career
Adams was president of the Massachusetts Historical Society (1957–1975) and treasurer of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1955–1990). He was a trustee of the Adams papers (a collection of 300,000 pages of diaries, letters and other writings papers from four generations of his family) and helped organize them for public use. He was a columnist for The Boston Globe from 1974 to 1991.
In 1966, Adams, an early and vocal opponent of the Vietnam War, ran a quixotic campaign as a peace candidate for the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate, against two far better-known candidates: former governor Endicott Peabody and Boston mayor John F. Collins. Adams got about 8% of the vote as Peabody won the nomination (and was easily defeated in turn by Republican Edward Brooke). He ran for Congress in 1968 and was a delegate to the 1972 Democratic National Convention.
Personal life
Adams was married for 57 years to the former Ramelle Frost Cochrane; the couple had five children.
Adams died on June 4, 1997, in Lincoln, Massachusetts.
Published works
References
Family tree
Adams political family
1910 births
1997 deaths
Quincy family
Writers from Kansas City, Missouri
People from Lincoln, Massachusetts
Groton School alumni
Harvard College alumni
Massachusetts Democrats
American hoteliers
Writers from Massachusetts
United States Army Air Forces officers
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
20th-century American businesspeople
Candidates in the 1966 United States elections
Candidates in the 1968 United States elections
American anti-war activists |
Michael Stuart Ani is an American writer, musician and explorer notable for residing with the Yanomami people of the Amazon rainforest in the 1980s. He co-founded the Amazonia Foundation in 1991 and has collaborated with several anthropologists, most notably Napoleon Chagnon.
References
External links
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American explorers |
On the Hills - Virgin Forest (Croatian: Na bregovima - prašuma) is a 1960 painting by Croatian artist Ivan Rabuzin from 1960.
Description
The 69.2 x 116.7 cm. oil painting is held by the Croatian Museum of Naive Art in Zagreb.
Analysis
The naive style is typical of Ivan Rabuzin; lyrical and idealized landscapes based on a sequence of circles or round shapes, filled with optimism and spirituality. His style is recognized worldwide as unique and great contribution to the development of naïve art. It is characterized by modernism of visual expression, as it reduces the use of geometric shapes, causing his art to be among the legacy of contemporary art. His works are easily recognizable thanks to the combination of stylization and geometric abstraction. The colors in his paintings highlight the location and size of the images, highlighting their symbolic significance and importance.
References
1960 paintings
Croatian paintings
Naïve art
Landscape paintings
Works by Croatian people |
Events from the year 1965 in Japan.
Incumbents
Emperor: Hirohito
Prime Minister: Eisaku Satō (Liberal Democratic)
Chief Cabinet Secretary: Tomisaburo Hashimoto
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court: Kisaburo Yokota
President of the House of Representatives: Naka Funada until December 20, Kikuchirō Yamaguchi
President of the House of Councillors: Yūzō Shigemune
Governors
Aichi Prefecture: Mikine Kuwahara
Akita Prefecture: Yūjirō Obata
Aomori Prefecture: Shunkichi Takeuchi
Chiba Prefecture: Taketo Tomonō
Ehime Prefecture: Sadatake Hisamatsu
Fukui Prefecture: Eizō Kita
Fukuoka Prefecture: Taichi Uzaki
Fukushima Prefecture: Morie Kimura
Gifu Prefecture: Yukiyasu Matsuno
Gunma Prefecture: Konroku Kanda
Hiroshima Prefecture: Iduo Nagano
Hokkaido: Kingo Machimura
Hyogo Prefecture: Motohiko Kanai
Ibaraki Prefecture: Nirō Iwakami
Ishikawa Prefecture: Yōichi Nakanishi
Iwate Prefecture: Tadashi Chida
Kagawa Prefecture: Masanori Kaneko
Kagoshima Prefecture: Katsushi Terazono
Kanagawa Prefecture: Iwataro Uchiyama
Kochi Prefecture: Masumi Mizobuchi
Kumamoto Prefecture: Kōsaku Teramoto
Kyoto Prefecture: Torazō Ninagawa
Mie Prefecture: Satoru Tanaka
Miyagi Prefecture: Yoshio Miura (until 8 February); Shintaro Takahashi (starting 31 March)
Miyazaki Prefecture: Hiroshi Kuroki
Nagano Prefecture: Gon'ichirō Nishizawa
Nagasaki Prefecture: Katsuya Sato
Nara Prefecture: Ryozo Okuda
Niigata Prefecture: Juichiro Tsukada
Oita Prefecture: Kaoru Kinoshita
Okayama Prefecture: Takenori Kato
Osaka Prefecture: Gisen Satō
Saga Prefecture: Sunao Ikeda
Saitama Prefecture: Hiroshi Kurihara
Shiga Prefecture: Kyujiro Taniguchi
Shiname Prefecture: Choemon Tanabe
Shizuoka Prefecture: Toshio Saitō
Tochigi Prefecture: Nobuo Yokokawa
Tokushima Prefecture: Kikutaro Hara (until 15 September); Yasunobu Takeichi (starting 9 October)
Tokyo: Ryōtarō Azuma
Tottori Prefecture: Jirō Ishiba
Toyama Prefecture: Minoru Yoshida
Wakayama Prefecture: Shinji Ono
Yamagata Prefecture: Tōkichi Abiko
Yamaguchi Prefecture: Masayuki Hashimoto
Yamanashi Prefecture: Hisashi Amano
Events
February 14 - An All Nippon Airways Douglas DC-3 aircraft crashes into Mount Nakanoone in Shizuoka Prefecture, killing both occupants of the plane.
February 22 - A gas explosion at a coal mine in Hokkaido kills 61.
June 1 - Coal mine explosion in Fukuoka Prefecture kills 237.
June 22 - Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea signed in Tokyo.
August 1 - According to an official confirmed report from the Japan Coast Guard, the cruise ship Yasoshima Maru collided with a runaway tugboat and capsized in Osaka Bay, total 20 passenger and crew were lost to lives.
September 18 - Comet Ikeya–Seki first sighted by Japanese astronomers.
October 7 - Seven Japanese fishing boat capsized near Agrihan Island by Typhoon Carmen, According to an official confirmed report from the JCG, total 209 crew were fatalities.
October 15 - Meijō Line begins operations.
Unknown date – Kyoto Sangyo University was founded.
Births
January 5 - Rei Sakuma, voice actress
January 14 - Shouhei Kusaka (Born Hiroshi Tokoro), actor of 1989 Metal Hero Series Kidou Keiji Jiban.
February 18 – Masaki Saito, former professional baseball pitcher
March 20 - Taeko Kawata, voice actress
March 21 - Wakana Yamazaki, voice actress
April 15 - Sōichi Noguchi, astronaut
April 22 - Arihiro Hase, actor and voice actor (d. 1996)
May 2 - Aohisa Takayasu, actor of 1992 Super Sentai Series Kyoryu Sentai Zyuranger.
May 8 - Momoko Sakura, Japanese manga artist (Chibi Maruko-chan) (d. 2018)
May 10 - Kiyoyuki Yanada, voice actor
May 13 - Hikari Ōta, comedian
May 23 - Kappei Yamaguchi, voice actor
May 24 - Shinichiro Watanabe, anime director
May 31 - Yōko Sōmi, voice actress
June 6 - Megumi Ogata, voice actress and singer
June 11 - Yasuko Sawaguchi, actress
July 3 - Shinya Hashimoto, professional wrestler (d. 2005)
July 13 - Akina Nakamori, pop singer and actress.
August 2 - Hisanobu Watanabe, baseball player and coach
August 18
Kōji Kikkawa, singer
Ikue Ōtani, voice actress
August 28 - Satoshi Tajiri, video game designer, creator of Pokémon
September 27 - Robert Baldwin, actor
October 4 - Michiko Neya, voice actress
October 7 - Kumiko Watanabe, voice actress
November 20
Yoshiki Hayashi, rock composer, pianist and drummer (X Japan)
Takeshi Kusao, voice actor
November 21 - Yuriko Yamaguchi, voice actress
November 29 - Yutaka Ozaki, songwriter and rock star (d. 1992)
November 30 - Fumihito, Crown Prince of Japan
December 7 - Teruyuki Kagawa, actor
December 8 - Kotono Mitsuishi, voice actress
December 26 - Toshihide Wakamatsu, actor of 1991 Super Sentai Series Chojin Sentai Jetman.
Deaths
March 4 – Hachirō Arita, politician (b. 1884)
July 19 – Haruo Umezaki, writer (b. 1915)
July 28 – Rampo Edogawa, author and critic (b. 1894)
July 30 – Jun'ichirō Tanizaki, writer, novelist (b. 1886)
August 13 – Hayato Ikeda, Prime Minister (b. 1899)
December 27 – Morita Fukui, lawyer, prosecutor, politician and first Commissioner of baseball in Japan (b. 1885)
December 29 – Kosaku Yamada, composer and conductor (b. 1886)
See also
1965 in Japanese television
List of Japanese films of 1965
References
1960s in Japan
1965 by country
Years of the 20th century in Japan
1965 in Asia |
is a Japanese American businessman, venture capitalist and former advisor to the government of Japan specializing in cybersecurity.
Early life and education
Saito was born in Los Angeles, California; his parents immigrated to the US from Japan in 1969, two years before he was born. He is the eldest of three children.
In 1987, Saito graduated from Damien High School in La Verne, California. He attended the University of California, Riverside from the Fall of 1988 to the Fall 1992, and was a student in Riverside's joint Biomedical Science Program with the University of California, Los Angeles in 1988.
Career
When Saito was a junior in high school, he started a business in computer security. He later established the company as I/O Software in 1991 when he was a student. Among other technologies, I/O Software developed a system to display Japanese characters in software written in English, and a fingerprint recognition system used by Sony. Microsoft began a partnership with I/O Software in 2000 to adopt the latter's authentication technology in future versions of Microsoft Windows. Saito sold the I/O Software business assets to Microsoft in 2004.
After selling the I/O Software business, he moved to Japan, where he became active as a venture capitalist and invested in several Japanese start-ups. He was named a Young Global Leader of the World Economic Forum in 2011.
Saito was an advisor to Prime Minister Shinzo Abe on cybersecurity issues. Saito accompanied Abe on a 2015 visit to Silicon Valley, where Abe met with the heads of several major technology firms. He was a cybersecurity advisor to the Cabinet Office from 2013 and an advisor to the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry until revelations that led to his admission that he misrepresented his education and academic degrees came to light and he resigned these and other posts in 2017.
In May 2019, Saito took a legal action in the Tokyo regional court against Kodansha which published the Shukan Gendai magazine (published on 3 March 2018). Kodansha paid a settlement and deleted the article at the request of the court.
Works and publications
References
External links
Living people
1971 births
Japanese businesspeople
University of California, Riverside alumni
Damien High School alumni
Businesspeople from Los Angeles |
Jordan Allen-Dutton (born April 16, 1977) is an American writer, producer, and director. He is best known for co-creating the play, The Bomb-itty of Errors, and for his writing on the stop motion television series, Robot Chicken.
Biography
Allen-Dutton was born on April 16, 1977, in Palo Alto, California. He graduated with a B.F.A. degree from New York University (NYU), Tisch School of the Arts at the Experimental Theatre Wing.
In 1999, he co-created and starred in The Bomb-itty of Errors, a so-called "Add-Rap-Tation" of Shakespeare's Comedy of Errors, that mixed hip-hop and Shakespeare. The show debuted in New York (Off-Broadway) at 45 Bleecker St. and went on to run in London (West End), Chicago, Los Angeles, Amsterdam, Edinburgh, Dublin, Florida, Philadelphia, St. Louis, and continues to play around the world. The Bomb-itty is published by Samuel French.
In 2002, Allen-Dutton co-created and starred in the MTV sketch comedy series, Scratch & Burn and attended the Sundance Institute's Screen Writing Lab with a film adaptation of The Bomb-itty of Errors.
In 2004, Allen-Dutton formed Famous Last Nerds with collaborator Erik Weiner their musical comedy Nerds, about Bill Gates and Steve Jobs' rise from garage inventors to titans of the digital age. Weeks before their Broadway debut, Famous Last Nerds was abruptly canceled before performances, due to financial troubles.
Allen-Dutton and Weiner's video Shawshank In A Minute was directed by John Landis and won JibJab's Great Sketch Experiment in 2006. Allen-Dutton co-wrote many songs with Erik Weiner including, "I'm So Straight", "One Line on the Sopranos " and "I Google Myself" produced by Yung Mars.
Allen-Dutton has also written for and produced television shows such as America's Best Dance Crew, Snoop Dogg's Fatherhood, NBC's The Sing-Off, the MTV Movie Awards, the HBO poetry show Brave New Voices and Lip Sync Battle.
In addition to writing and producing Allen-Dutton founded a software company in 2004 called Talking Panda, that creates applications for mobile devices. Talking Panda's software iLingo a talking phrasebook was among the first products in the apple store and was featured in Time Magazine in the Nov 03, 2008, issue. Talking Panda iLingo was also included in the iPhone App store on the day it launched.
References
External links
Official website
Famous Last Nerds
American male television writers
Television producers from California
Tisch School of the Arts alumni
Living people
1977 births
Writers from Palo Alto, California
Screenwriters from California |
Dabishec is a village in the municipality of Pristina, Kosovo.
See also
Pristina
List of villages in Pristina
References
Villages in Pristina
Villages in Kosovo |
Grupo CIE (Corporacion Interamericana de Entretenimiento. Spanish for: Interamerican Entertainment Corporation) is a Mexican entertainment and media company. It is leader of Latin American entertainment sector, focusing especially on the markets of Hispanic and Portuguese language, including the Latin market of the United States. Grupo CIE is a Latin American amalgam of Live Nation. The company operates various main venues, auditoriums and theme parks in all Latin countries; also it is in charge of promote a great variety of live events, commercial fairs and exhibitions, access the advertising ticket commercialization (including Ticketmaster Mexico and Ticketmaster Brazil), sponsorships, foods, promotional drinks and articles for events and entertainment. Also, the Group participates in the film industry, through the production and distribution of films.
Divisions
Grupo CIE is divided into five divisions which controls different sectors of the market:
CIE Entretenimiento: Which includes OCESA, the main concert and spectacle producer in Latin America, OCESA Colombia, OCESA Seitrack, OCESA Teatro and Ticketmaster Mexico.
CIE Las Americas: Which includes the operation of Hipodromo de Las Americas horse race track, [Centro Banamex] (Mexico City's main convention center), and the Sports Yak and Yaks Entertainment Centers (which includes bingo and electronic sports bets, as gambling is forbidden in Mexico).
CIE Comercial: Which includes commercial and media producers like Media Innovations.
CIE Parques de Diversiones: Managing eight different theme parks in Mexico and Wannado City in Sunrise, USA.
CIE Internacional: Controls all the foreign branches of Grupo CIE, including CIE Argentina and CIE Brazil.
Venues
Grupo CIE operates some of the main venues in Mexico like:
Palacio de los Deportes
Foro Sol
Auditorio Banamex
Arena VFG
Teatro Telcel
Teatro de los Insurgentes
References
Companies based in Mexico City
Entertainment companies established in 1990
Entertainment companies of Mexico
Mass media companies of Mexico
Privately held companies of Mexico |
Sean Compton is a Chicago-based radio and television executive. Compton began his career in radio in 1990. In 1993 he became Program Director of Cincinnati radio station WSAI eventually rising to VP of programming in 1999 for Clear Channel Radio and Premiere Radio Networks. Compton left Clear Channel radio in 2008 to join Tribune Broadcasting as President of television programming. In 2019 Nexstar acquired Tribune Broadcasting and created a networks division headed by Compton.
Compton currently serves as President of Nexstar Networks which includes the CW Network, NewsNation, Antenna TV and Rewind TV, WGN Radio, The Hill (newspaper), and programming content Acquisitions for Dallas-based Nexstar Media Group.
In January 2020, Nexstar announced it was launching "NewsNation" a Chicago based national primetime news program on cable network WGN America with Compton at the helm. The network program, which launched September 1, 2020, is touted as news absent of bias and will compete with Fox News Channel, CNN and MSNBC. Originally launching with three hours in primetime, NewsNation expanded incrementally through April 2023, when on April 24, a "24/5" schedule began, with 24 hour programming Monday through Friday. That announcement came at the unveiling of New York City studios with a ribbon cutting ceremony by Mayor Eric Adams. NewsNation offers several blocks of news programming interspersed with talk shows hosted by Chris Cuomo, Dan Abrams, Ashleigh Banfield, Elizabeth Vargas and Leland Vittert.
Compton is the son of the late radio DJ and talk show host Dale Sommers.
References
https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2020-01-15/nextstar-will-launch-a-prime-time-newscast-on-cable-network-wgn-america-this-fall
Living people
1974 births
American entertainment industry businesspeople
People from Connersville, Indiana |
Neo-Freudianism is a psychoanalytic approach derived from the influence of Sigmund Freud but extending his theories towards typically social or cultural aspects of psychoanalysis over the biological.
The neo-Freudian school of psychiatrists and psychologists were a group of loosely-linked American theorists/writers of the mid-20th century "who attempted to restate Freudian theory in sociological terms and to eliminate its connections with biology."
Dissidents and post-Freudians
Dissidents
The term neo-Freudian is sometimes loosely (but inaccurately) used to refer to those early followers of Freud who at some point accepted the basic tenets of Freud's theory of psychoanalysis but later dissented from it. "The best-known of these dissenters are Alfred Adler and Carl Jung.… The Dissidents."
An interest in the social approach to psychodynamics was the major theme linking the so-called neo-Freudians: Alfred Adler had perhaps been "the first to explore and develop a comprehensive social theory of the psychodynamic self." Following "Adler's death, some of his views…came to exert considerable influence on the neo-Freudian theory." Indeed, it has been suggested of "Horney and Sullivan ... that these theorists could be more accurately described as 'neo-Adlerians' than 'neo-Freudians'."
Post-Freudians
The Independent Analysts Group of the British Psycho-Analytical Society ("Contemporary Freudians") are—like the ego-psychologists (e.g. Heinz Hartmann) or the intersubjective analysts in the States—perhaps best thought of as "different schools of psychoanalytic thought," or as "Post-Freudians…post-Freudian developments." They are distinct from the Kleinian schools of thought and include figures such as Christopher Bollas, D. W. Winnicott, and Adam Phillips.
Neo-Freudian ideas
History
As early as 1936, Erich Fromm had been independently regretting that psychoanalysts "did not concern themselves with the variety of life experience…and therefore did not try to explain psychic structure as determined by social structure." Karen Horney, too, "emphasised the role culture exerts in the development of personality and downplayed the classical driven features outlined by Freud."
Erik H. Erikson, for his part, stressed that "psychoanalysis today is…shifting its emphasis…to the study of the ego's roots in the social organisation," and that its method should be "what H. S. Sullivan called 'participant', and systematically so."
Doctor and psychotherapist Harald Schultz-Hencke (1892–1953) was thoroughly busy with questions like impulse and inhibition and with the therapy of psychoses as well as the interpretation of dreams. He worked with Matthias Göring in his institute (Deutsches Institut für psychologische Forschung und Psychotherapie), and created the name Neopsychoanalyse in 1945. The "Neo-Freudian revolt against the orthodox theory of instincts" was thus anchored in a sense of what Harry Stack Sullivan termed "our incredibly culture-ridden life." By their writings, and "in accessible prose, Fromm, Horney, and others mounted a cultural and social critique which became almost conventional wisdom."
Through informal and more formal institutional links, such as the William Alanson White Institute, as well as through likeness of ideas, the neo-Freudians made up a cohesively distinctive and influential psychodynamic movement.
Basic anxiety
Karen Horney theorized that to deal with basic anxiety, the individual has three options:
Moving toward others: Accept the situation and become dependent on others. This strategy may entail an exaggerated desire for approval or affection.
Moving against others: Resist the situation and become aggressive. This strategy may involve an exaggerated need for power, exploitation of others, recognition, or achievement.
Moving away from others: Withdraw from others and become isolated. This strategy may involve an exaggerated need for self-sufficiency, privacy, or independence.
Basic personality
The neo-Freudian Abram Kardiner was primarily interested in learning how a specific society acquires adaptation concerning its environment. He does this by forming within its members what he names a "basic personality." The "basic personality" can initially be traced to the operation of primary institutions. It ultimately creates clusters of unconscious motivations in the specific individual "which in turn are projected in the form of secondary institutions," such as reality systems. The basic personality finds expression in the secondary institutions.
Criticism
"Fenichel developed a stringent theoretical critique of the neo-Freudians", which informed and fed into the way "Herbert Marcuse, in his 'Critique of Neo-Freudian Revisionism'...icily examines the tone of uplift and the Power of Positive Thinking that pervades the revisionists' writings, and mocks their claims to scientific seriousness."
In comparable fashion, "an article…by Mr Edward Glover, entitled Freudian or Neo-Freudian, directed entirely against the constructions of Mr Alexander" equally used the term as a form of orthodox reproach.
In the wake of such contemporary criticism, a "consistent critique levelled at most theorists cited above is that they compromise the intrapersonal interiority of the psyche;" but one may accept nonetheless that "they have contributed an enduring and vital collection of standpoints relating to the human subject."
Influence, successors, and offshoots
In 1940, Carl Rogers had launched what would become person-centred psychotherapy, "crediting its roots in the therapy of Rank...& in the neo-Freudian analysts—especially Karen Horney." A decade later, he would report that it had "developed along somewhat different paths than the psychotherapeutic views of Horney or Sullivan, or Alexander and French, yet there are many threads of interconnection with these modern formulations of psychoanalytic thinking."
A half-century further on, whether by direct or by indirect influence, "consistent with the traditions of these schools, current theorists of the social and psychodynamic self are working in the spaces between social and political theory and psychoanalysis" once again.
Cultural offshoots
In his skit on Freud's remark that "if my name were Oberhuber, my innovations would have found far less resistance," Peter Gay, considering the notional eclipse of "Oberhuber" by his replacement Freud, adjudged that "the prospect that deviants would have to be called neo-Oberhuberians, or Oberhuberian revisionists, contributed to the master's decline."
Neo-Freudians
Alfred Adler
Erik Erikson
Erich Fromm
Frieda Fromm-Reichmann
Karen Horney
Carl Jung
Abram Kardiner
Harald Schultz-Hencke
Harry Stack Sullivan
Clara Thompson
Others with possible neo-Freudian links
Franz Alexander
Jessica Benjamin
Nancy Chodorow
Richard Hakim
Thomas Ogden
David Rapaport
Alex Unger
References
Citations
General sources
Gunn, Jacqueline Simon, Kyle Arnold, and Erica Freeman. 2015. "The Dynamic Self Searching for Growth and Authenticity: Karen Horney's Contribution to Humanistic Psychology". The Forum of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry 59(2):20–23.
Mitchell, S. A., and M. J. Black. 1995. Freud and Beyond: A History of Modern Psychoanalytic Thought. USA: Basic Books.
Thompson, Clara. 1950. Psychoanalysis: Evolution and Development. New York: Thomas Nelson & Sons.
Freudian psychology
Neopsychoanalytic schools |
Awake the Machines: On the Line Vol. 2 is a various artists compilation album released in 1997 by Out of Line and Sub/Mission Records. Sonic Boom called Awake the Machines: On the Line Vol. 2 "one of the most thorough collections of North American industrial artists available."
Track listing
Personnel
Adapted from the Awake the Machines - On the Line Vol. 2 liner notes.
Musicians
Birmingham 6 – remixer (2.13)
Paolo Favati – remixer (1.1)
Mick Hale – remixer (2.2)
Sascha Konietzko – remixer (1.8)
Ricardo May – remixer (11.1)
Chris Shepard – remixer (1.8)
vMarkus – remixer (2.5)
Production and design
John Bergin – cover art
Dance Assembly Music Network (DAMn!) – design
Alan Douches – mastering
Mick Hale – mastering
Release history
References
External links
Awake the Machines - On the Line Vol. 2 at Discogs (list of releases)
1997 compilation albums
Out of Line Music compilation albums |
```yaml
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# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
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# hbaseZookeeperQuorum: 127.0.0.1:2181
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# hbaseClientOperationTimeout: 40000
#props:
# meta-refresher-interval-seconds: 300
# max-scan-limit-size: 5000
``` |
Benjamin Perez is a census-designated place (CDP) in Starr County, Texas, United States. This was a new CDP for the 2010 census with a population of 34.
Geography
Benjamin Perez is located at (26.406028, -98.899653).
Education
It is in the Roma Independent School District. The zoned elementary school for the 2010 Census community is Delia Gonzalez (DG) Garcia Elementary School. Roma High School is the district's sole comprehensive high school.
References
Census-designated places in Starr County, Texas
Census-designated places in Texas |
Bradley David Gamble (born 4 February 1975) is an English former footballer who played as a forward in the Football League for Leyton Orient and in non-league football for Welling United.
References
1975 births
Living people
Footballers from Southwark
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Leyton Orient F.C. players
Welling United F.C. players
Fisher Athletic F.C. players
English Football League players |
John Simpson (27 October 1918 – 21 June 2000) was an English-born footballer who played as a left back in The Football League in the 1940s and 1950s.
After playing as an amateur for Hull City reserves, he started his league career with Huddersfield Town and then moved to York City, first playing for them in 1947–48. He went on to play over 200 games for the Minstermen. He retired through injury in 1954.
During the war, John was in the Army Physical Training Corps and guested for Plymouth Argyle, Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic, Portsmouth, Southampton, Leyton Orient, Aldershot and Leeds United.
After a spell out of the game, he spent 9 years coaching at Hull City before moving to Hartlepool United as coach. In April 1970 he was appointed manager of Football League Fourth Division side Hartlepool, and he remained as manager until March 1971.
In 1971, he joined Cambridge United United and helped them to 2 promotion successes.
In summer 1977, he was appointed physiotherapist at York City. He retired in May 1983 after a testimonial game against Leeds United.
References
1918 births
English men's footballers
Footballers from Kingston upon Hull
2000 deaths
Men's association football fullbacks
English Football League players
Bridlington Trinity F.C. players
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. players
York City F.C. players
Grantham Town F.C. players
English football managers
English Football League managers
Hartlepool United F.C. managers
People from Hedon
York City F.C. non-playing staff |
The John Deere House and Shop is located in the unincorporated village of Grand Detour, Illinois, near the Lee County city of Dixon. The site is known as the location where the first steel plow was invented by John Deere in 1837. The site includes Deere's house, a replica of his original blacksmith shop, a gift shop, and an archaeological exhibit showing the excavation site of his original blacksmith shop. The Deere House and Shop is listed on the National Register of Historic Places; it joined that list in 1966, the year the Register was established. Prior to that, it was designated a National Historic Landmark on July 19, 1964.
History
In 1836, native Vermonter John Deere set out from Rutland, Vermont to Grand Detour, Illinois, founded by his friend and fellow Vermont native Leonard Andrus. The town lacked a local blacksmith, Deere's trade, and within two days Deere had a forge and new business established. In Vermont, Deere produced plows made from cast-iron and when he first arrived in Illinois he produced the same plows. Soil conditions in Illinois differ from those in Vermont. In Vermont the soil is sandy and falls easily away from the plow blade but in Illinois the soil is thicker and wetter; it stuck to the plow and had to be scraped off by the farmer as he plowed.
There are varying tales as to the inspiration for Deere to create the invention he is famed for, the steel plow. In one version he recalled the way the polished steel pitchfork tines moved through hay and soil and thought that the same effect could be obtained for a plow. Deere learned the technique polishing sewing needles for his mother, a seamstress. By early 1838, Deere completed his first steel plow and sold it to a local farmer, Lewis Crandall. Crandall spread word of his success with Deere's plow quickly, and two neighbors soon placed orders with Deere. By 1841 he was manufacturing 75 plows per year, and 100 plows per year in 1876.
John Deere Historic Site
The John Deere Historic Site in Grand Detour, Illinois is operated by the John Deere Company and has five components. Outside of the perimeter, which is surrounded by a white, wooden fence, are of prairie restoration. Inside of the fenced area is the replica blacksmith shop, the John Deere House and the visitor's center which is a gift shop. Also on the grounds is a building which houses the 1960s archaeological dig site. The blacksmith shop is a replica of the original Deere Shop, unearthed during the 1960s dig. The shop recreates Deere's shop and includes a demonstration by a modern blacksmith using antique tools of the trade and an open furnace. The visitor's center is inside an 1843 home built by a Deere neighbor, it houses a gift shop which has an original Deere family wall clock on display. The home was originally owned by William Dana. The house is furnished with period items as well as the gift shop's merchandise. The entire site is operated by John Deere Company employees.
Part of the John Deere Historic Site is listed on the National Register of Historic Places along with being designated a National Historic Landmark. The only contributing property on the National Register listing for the site is the John Deere House. The house is also the only "property type" listed on the National Historic Landmarks' online database entry for the site. The house obtained National Historic Landmark status on July 19, 1964 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places soon after its inception on October 15, 1966.
House
The John Deere House was built in 1836 when Deere arrived in Grand Detour and the building was added onto as his family grew. It is furnished with period furniture and household objects that would have been common around the time the Deere family occupied the home. The house has two levels with four rooms on the main level and two rooms upstairs. Each of the upstairs rooms is accessible via a private staircase and it is believed one of the rooms was used by Deere's apprentices while the other was used as a children's bedroom.
The front entry leads into the living room where polished wood is found throughout as well as 19th century furnishings. The front room is part of the original building which consisted of one room. The room acted as the Deere's kitchen, living room, bedrooms, essentially everything. Deere eventually added onto the house, including a bedroom and an upstairs loft. The first floor bedroom would have been used for John and his wife, and possibly a couple of the children while the upstairs room would was used for the rest of the children. The Deeres left the home in 1847 when they moved to Moline, Illinois.
Shop
The original blacksmith shop on the site is long gone, however, in 1962 an archaeological team made of students from the University of Illinois approached the Deere Company about excavating the site where the shop once stood. The team unearthed the location of the original Deere Blacksmith Shop where the first successful steel plow was developed in 1837. The dig site is preserved beneath a building, known as the pavilion. The site is surrounded by museum exhibits which include artifacts, news clippings, and photographs.
A blacksmith shop does occupy the current John Deere Historic Site grounds. Archaeologists used a magnetometer to locate the position of the forge in the original blacksmith shop, thus, the current shop shares an interior which is an exact replica of the original. The exterior of the building has the same dimensions as the original as well.
Historic significance
The John Deere House and Shop is historically significant for its influence in the areas of commerce, agriculture, industry, and invention. The site was designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark on July 19, 1964. The Landmark designation was assigned by the U.S. Department of Interior because of the House and Shop's association with John Deere, founder of the John Deere Company and inventor of the first steel plow. His invention was of significance to the entire United States and made large scale cultivation of areas in Illinois, Indiana and Ohio possible. When the U.S. National Register of Historic Places was established in 1966 the John Deere House and Shop was among the first properties to join that list. It was added to the National Register on October 15, 1966, the same day the National Register was established.
Notes
External links
John Deere Historic Site
Owner's website
National Register of Historic Places in Ogle County, Illinois
Blacksmith shops
Houses in Ogle County, Illinois
History of Illinois
National Historic Landmarks in Illinois
Houses completed in 1836
Museums in Ogle County, Illinois
Industry museums in Illinois
John Deere
Historic house museums in Illinois |
William Sheppard (died 1674) was an English barrister, known as a legal writer.
Life
Sheppard was baptised at Whitminster, Gloucestershire, at the end of 1595, and entered the Middle Temple in 1620; he was called to the bar in 1629. He lived in Horsley and enjoyed a large country legal practice.
About 1653 Sheppard was invited to London by Cromwell, and made one of the clerks of the upper bench. In 1656 he became a serjeant-at-law, and was nominated with three others to prepare the charters granted to town corporations. In September 1659 he was appointed chief justice in North Wales, by the Rump Parliament.
After the Restoration of 1660 Sheppard was deprived of his offices and left public life. He had six children: John (a clergyman), Elizabeth, Sarah, Samuel, Anne, and Dorothy.
Works
Sheppard wrote legal and religious works:
The office and duties of Constables, or tythingmen … and other lay ministers. Whereunto are adjoined the several offices of church ministers and church wardens, London, 1641; 4th ed. 1657.
The Court Keeper's Guide, London, 1641; 7th ed. by William Brown, 1685.
A Catechism, London, 1649.
Four Last Things, 1649. A theological work, its introduction expressed political support for the Rump Parliament, slanted against the Presbyterian faction. Of the Foure Last and Greatest Things (1658) was a collaboration with Thomas Barlow.
Guide to Justices of the Peace, 1649; 5th ed. 1669.
The Faithful Counsellor, London, 1651–4. An early encyclopedic work on English law, it was used in later compilations.
England's Balme, London, 1651. A comprehensive plan for legal reconstruction. With Sir Matthew Hale and John March, Sheppard wished to reform the common law from within.
The People's Privilege and Duty guarded against the Pulpit, London, 1652. Sheppard has been identified as a follower of John Owen; and this expression of the Independent line on preaching may have recommended him to Cromwell.
Justice of the Peace his Clerk's Cabinet, 1654.
The Parson's Guide or the Law of Tithes, London, 1654; 2nd ed. 1670.
The Precedent of Precedents, London, 1655; ed. by Thomas Walter Williams, 1825.
View of the Laws concerning Religion, London, 1655.
Epitome of the Common and Statute Laws, London, 1656.
Survey of the County Judicatories, London, 1656.
Office of Country Justice of Peace, London, 1655–6.
Concerning Sincerity and Hypocrisy, Oxford, 1658.
Of Corporations, Fraternities, and Guilds, London.
A New Survey of the Justice of the Peace his Office, London, 1659.
Actions upon the Case for Slander, 1662; 2nd ed. London, 1674.
Office of the Clerk of the Market, London, 1665.
The Practical Counsellor in the Law, London, 1671.
Actions upon the Case for Deeds, 2nd ed. London, 1675; 3rd ed. 1680.
A Grand Abridgement of the Common and Statute Law of England, London, 1675.
He also published the Touchstone of Common Assurances (1641); tradition said he had found it in manuscript in Sir John Doddridge's library, but a connection with Doddridge is no longer accepted. The eighth edition of this work, by Edmond Gibson Atherley, was published in 1826. Sheppard wrote a second part, published with the first, Law of Common Assurances (1650).
A Collection of Choice Declarations (1653), attributed to Sheppard in the first edition of the Dictionary of National Biography, was by William Small.
Notes
Attribution
Year of birth missing
1674 deaths
English barristers
Serjeants-at-law (England)
English legal writers
17th-century English judges
People from Whitminster |
Cosnett is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Elizabeth Joan Cosnett (born 1936), British hymnodist
John Cosnett (1951–2018), British darts player
Rick Cosnett (born 1983), Zimbabwean-Australian actor
See also
Consett |
Purab Kohli is an Indian television and film actor, model and former video jockey.
Career
Television
Kohli started his career as an actor with the 1998 television show Hip Hip Hurray on Zee TV and earned recognition through video jockeying on Channel V. He then hosted the travel show Gone India where he toured India on budget trips.
In 2005, he appeared in an episode of the TV fantasy sitcom Shararat, as the genius science student Dhumketu.
In 2010 he anchored the Zee TV music talent hunt Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Singing Superstar. In 2013, he hosted the show Terra Quiz on National Geographic Channel.
He has also featured in television ads for Colgate, Pizza Hut, Compaq Presario, Amaron Batteries and Castrol.
In 2014, he became one of the contestants in season 7 of the reality TV show Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa.
Kohli had a key supporting role in Sense8 a series on Netflix by The Wachowskis with the finale premiering in June 2018.
Films
Kohli made his acting debut in films with Bus Yuhin (2003) starring opposite Nandita Das. He has also acted in other films like Supari (2003), Vastu Shastra (2004), and 13th Floor (2005). His performance in My Brother Nikhil (2005) got him recognition. Kohli then went on to star in Mahesh Bhatt's 2006 film Woh Lamhe and as a villain again in Bhatt's 2007 film Awarapan. He also acted in Rock On!! (2008) along with Farhan Akhtar, Luke Kenny and Arjun Rampal. Kohli's work in Rock On garnered him a Special Jury Mention at the 2009 Filmfare Awards in March 2009. Kohli then starred opposite Nandita Das again in the 2010-11 film I Am which was directed by Onir, who had previously directed him in My Brother Nikhil. He also contributed financially in the making of this film. Purab played the role of a divorced lawyer in the 2012 movie Kuch Spice To Make It Meetha with actress Nauheed Cyrusi and composer Kavish Mishra. Purab's 2014 movie Jal is a story based on villagers' fight for water and dignity.
Web series
Purab Kohli appeared as Angad Shergil in the Voot web series It's Not That Simple (2018), with other featured cast Swara Bhaskar, Sumeet Vyas, Vivan Bhatena, Manasi Rachh, Neha Chauhan, Karan Veer Mehra, Devika Vatsa, Rohan Shah, Jia Vaidya.
In 2019, Kohli was cast in Sujoy Ghosh directed webseries Typewriter, which streamed on Netflix in July.
In another immensely watchable Hotstar web series of 2019 Out of Love Purab plays Akarsh, in a five-episode series of betrayal, heartbreak, blackmail and revenge, with other cast Rasika Dugal, Soni Razdan.
Personal life
Kohli's father Harsh is a hotelier and film producer and his mother is a corporate trainer. He did his schooling at St. Stanislaus High School in Bandra, Mumbai, and at The Bishop's School, Pune, Maharashtra. He switched his education faculty from Science to Commerce and finally to Arts and studied Economics, Psychology and Literature. He joined a flying school to be a pilot, but did not continue.
Kohli married his long time girlfriend, a British yoga teacher named Lucy Paton, in a civil ceremony in 2016, after their daughter Inaya was born in 2015.
Former actor Bhisham Kohli a.k.a. Vishal Anand is his paternal uncle (father's brother). Kohli's paternal grandmother was Dev Anand's sister (thus making Kohli the late actor's grand-nephew). Filmmaker Shekhar Kapur (son of another of Dev Anand's sisters) is thus, Kohli's uncle.
Filmography
References
External links
Purab-Kohli at exploto
Indian male models
Living people
21st-century Indian male actors
Male actors in Hindi cinema
Indian VJs (media personalities)
1979 births
Punjabi people
Filmfare Awards winners |
Lucy Gordon is an American former professional tennis player.
A native of Coronado, California, Gordon played collegiate tennis for the UCLA Bruins. She won the doubles title at the U.S. national amateur clay court championships in 1979 (with Sheila McInerney).
Gordon made the 1981 US Open singles main draw as a lucky loser from qualifying and was beaten in the first round by Renee Blount. The following year she and partner Patrizia Murgo reached the US Open round of 16 in doubles.
References
External links
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American female tennis players
UCLA Bruins women's tennis players
Tennis players from San Diego
People from Coronado, California |
The Middlesex County Cricket League (MCCL) is the only adult Saturday league for recreational club cricket in the historic county of Middlesex, England. In practical terms, this means it encompasses teams from North and West London. The league was founded in 1972, and since 1999 the top division of the Middlesex County Cricket League has been a designated ECB Premier League.
Four MCCL clubs have won the ECB National Club Cricket Championship: Enfield (1988), Hampstead (1969), Southgate (1977), and Teddington (1989 and 1991). Ealing have won the ECB National Club Twenty20 twice (2011 and 2015).
History
The MCCL was officially founded in 1972, after holding a 'dry run' in 1971 to ensure that the league's launch went smoothly. It was founded with 16 clubs as members (Brentham, Brondesbury, Ealing, Edmonton, Enfield, Finchley, Hornsey, North Middlesex, Richmond, Shepherds Bush, South Hampstead, Southgate, Stanmore, Teddington, Wembley, and Winchmore Hill), and in the first season Hornsey won the league title with ten wins from their fifteen fixtures. Nine of the ten clubs who are expected to play in the Premier Division in 2024 were among these founder members.
The format of matches was the same for the formation of the league until 2014, with all matches played on a "timed" basis, with draws possible. From 2015 onwards, the format was changed in the Premier Division such that half the matches were timed, and half played in a limited overs format; in 2016, other divisions followed, with all adopting split formats.
The dominant team in the league has evolved over time, with Finchley dominant in the 1970s and 1990s, while Ealing won an unprecedented seven consecutive titles from 2005 to 2011.
League Structure
The league is played (other than in the lowest divisions) between divisions of ten clubs, each playing the other members of their division twice for an 18 week season, commencing in early May and ending in early September. Divisions are segregated so that a first XI from one club will only play first XIs of other clubs; the same is the case for second XIs, while third, fourth and fifth XIs play in a merged competition. The MCCL has undergone two major mergers in recent years, merging with the 1987 League in 2019, and then subsequently absorbing the Middlesex Championship ahead of the 2021 season. Following those mergers the League consists of six full divisions and a shorthanded seventh division for first XIs; five full divisions and a reduced size fifth division for second XIs; and nine divisions for third, fourth and fifth XIs.
Winners
Middlesex County Cricket League since 1972
Source:
Performance by season from 1999
References
English domestic cricket competitions
ECB Premier Leagues
Cricket in Middlesex |
Geoffrey Edward Beck (16 June 1918 – 5 March 2019) was an English first-class cricketer and Congregational minister.
Education
Geoffrey Beck attended Whitgift School from 1928 to 1934, and later studied theology at Mansfield College, Oxford, from 1942 to 1946.
Cricket
A middle-order batsman, Beck represented Oxford University at cricket, playing in the University Match in 1943 (when he top-scored) and 1945, both of which were one-day matches. When first-class cricket resumed after World War II he played three matches for Oxford, with a highest score of 50 against Surrey in his first match. He later played two matches for Oxfordshire in the Minor Counties Championship in 1951.
Marriage and ministry
Beck married Joy Crookshank, a Cambridge graduate and fellow member of the Student Christian Movement, in 1946. He also began his career as a Congregational minister in 1946. He served as the minister at Eccleston, St Helens, from 1946 to 1950, at Summertown, Oxford, from 1950 to 1965, as Warden of the Chapel of Unity at Coventry Cathedral from 1965 to 1971, and as minister at the Central Free Church, Brighton, from 1971 to 1984.
British-German relations
Beck was co-founder of the Adam von Trott Memorial Appeal Project in honour of the participant, a former student at Oxford, in the plot to assassinate Hitler in 1944. The appeal provides scholarships to German students to study at Mansfield College. In 2014 the German government awarded Beck the Cross of the Order of Merit for his work for British-German relations.
Retirement and death
Beck lived in retirement in East Sussex, and died in March 2019 at the age of 100. His wife died in 2000; they had four children.
See also
Longest-lived first-class cricketers
References
External links
Geoffrey Beck at CricketArchive
1918 births
2019 deaths
People educated at Whitgift School
Alumni of Mansfield College, Oxford
English centenarians
Men centenarians
English Congregationalist ministers
English cricketers
Oxford University cricketers
Oxfordshire cricketers
Sportspeople from Wisbech
Recipients of the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
People from Polegate
Cricketers from East Sussex |
Beyond the Sun is the eleventh studio album by Chris Isaak, released through Vanguard Records on October 18, 2011. It is a collection of songs recorded by Sun Records artists Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, Roy Orbison, Carl Perkins and Jerry Lee Lewis. Some of the songs were originally released on Sun Records. The record itself was recorded at Sun Studio, Memphis, Tennessee and the cover photograph was taken by Sheryl Louis outside the studio on Union Avenue.
The album debuted at No. 34 on the Billboard 200 albums chart on its first week of release, selling around 10,000 copies in the United States. It also debuted at No. 10 on the Top Rock Albums charts, peaking at No. 8 the following week. As of October 2015, the album has sold 91,000 copies in the US.
Track listing
"Ring of Fire" (June Carter Cash, Merle Kilgore) (Johnny Cash, 1963)
"Trying to Get to You" (Charles Singleton, Rose Marie McCoy) (Elvis Presley, 1955)
"I Forgot to Remember to Forget" (Charlie Feathers, Stan Kesler) (Elvis Presley, 1955)
"Great Balls of Fire" (Jack Hammer, Otis Blackwell) (Jerry Lee Lewis, 1957)
"Can't Help Falling in Love" (George David Weiss, Hugo Peretti, Luigi Creatore) (Elvis Presley, 1961)
"Dixie Fried" (Carl Perkins, Howard Griffin) (Carl Perkins, 1956)
"How's the World Treating You" (Boudleaux Bryant, Chet Atkins) (Elvis Presley, 1956)
"It's Now or Never" (Aaron Schroeder, Eduardo di Capua, Wally Gold) (Elvis Presley, 1960)
"Miss Pearl" (Jimmy Wages) (Jimmy Wages, 1957)
"Live It Up" (Chris Isaak) (Chris Isaak original)
"I Walk the Line" (Johnny Cash) (Johnny Cash, 1956)
"So Long I'm Gone" (Sam Phillips) (Warren Smith, 1957)
"She's Not You" (Doc Pomus, Jerry Leiber, Mike Stoller) (Elvis Presley, 1962)
"My Happiness" (Betty Peterson, Borney Bergantine) (Elvis Presley, 1953)
Deluxe edition bonus disc
"My Baby Left Me" (Arthur Crudup, 1950)
"Oh, Pretty Woman" (Roy Orbison, 1964)
"Doin' the Best I Can" (Elvis Presley, 1960)
"Your True Love" (Carl Perkins, 1957)
"Crazy Arms" (Jerry Lee Lewis, 1958)
"Lovely Loretta" (Chris Isaak original)
"Everybody's in the Mood" (Howlin' Wolf, 1952)
"I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Cry (Over You)" (Elvis Presley, 1956)
"Love Me" (Elvis Presley, 1956)
"Doncha' Think It's Time" (Elvis Presley, 1958)
"That Lucky Old Sun" (Jerry Lee Lewis, 1956)
Australian Collector's Edition
The single-disc Australian Collector's Edition of the album includes all 25 tracks from the US / UK 2-disc Deluxe Edition plus the following three tracks:
"Great Balls of Fire" (Westlake Mix 1)
"My Baby Don't Love Me No More" (Chris Isaak original)
"Bonnie B"
Personnel
Chris Isaak - vocals, rhythm guitar
Hershel Yatovitz - guitar, vocals
Rowland Salley - bass, vocals
Scott Plunkett - keyboards
Kenney Dale Johnson - drums, vocals
Rafael Padilla - percussion
with:
David Woodford, Cowboy Jack Clement, Lee Thornburg, Waddy Wachtel - additional musicians
Ashley Monroe, Craig Copeland, Jon Joyce, Michelle Branch, Richard Wells - additional vocals
Chart performance
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
2011 albums
Chris Isaak albums
Covers albums
Vanguard Records albums |
John Wilson, Professor of Public Policy and Management at Glasgow Caledonian University, and the Executive Dean and Pro Vice-Chancellor of the Glasgow School for Business and Society (since 2011). Professor Wilson has edited/co-edited four books and published extensively on the provision and management of public services, particularly local government. His research focuses in particular on the economics and politics of public service provision, particularly local government.
He holds a BA (Hons) in Social Sciences from Manchester Metropolitan University, an MA in Politics from Lancaster University and a PhD from Liverpool John Moores University. He has served as Deputy Director of Liverpool Business School, Dean of Teesside Business School and Head of Salford Business School (2006–2011).
He was succeeded as Dean of Salford Business School by Amanda Broderick.
References
Academics of Glasgow Caledonian University
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Academics of Manchester Metropolitan University
Academics of Lancaster University
Academics of Liverpool John Moores University
Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society |
This was the first edition of the tournament.
Yannick Hanfmann and Kevin Krawietz won the title after defeating Luke Bambridge and Jonny O'Mara 6–2, 7–6(7–3) in the final.
Seeds
Draw
References
Main Draw
CDMX Open - Doubles |
The Insolvency Regulation is an EU Regulation concerning the rules of jurisdiction for opening insolvency proceedings in the European Union. It determines which member states' courts have jurisdiction.
History
EU member states concluded the Convention on Insolvency Proceedings in 1995, however it never entered into force as ratification by all member states was required and the United Kingdom did not sign within the timelines specified in the Convention.
Content
The EC Regulation on Insolvency Proceedings 2000 was passed on 29 May 2000 and came into effect on 31 May 2002. It replaced the substance of the 1995 Convention. The Regulation applies between all member states of the European Union, with the exception of Denmark which has an opt-out from the EU's Area of freedom, security and justice, and focuses upon creating a framework for the commencement of proceedings and for the automatic recognition and co-operation between the different member states. Unusually for a European regulation, the EC Insolvency Regulation does not seek to harmonise insolvency laws between the different member states.
Like the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency, the EC Regulation also employs the concept of a centre of main interest (or "COMI"). The definition of the COMI is left to member states in their implementation of the Regulation, but paragraph (13) of the preamble states: 'The "centre of main interests" should correspond to the place where the debtor conducts the administration of his interests on a regular basis and is therefore ascertainable by third parties.' If the COMI of an entity is outside of the European Union then the insolvency proceedings are not subject to the Regulation. In relation to companies there is a presumption that the registered office will be the COMI of the company, but this presumption can be (and often is) rebutted.
The EC Regulation does not define insolvency, but it does define insolvency proceedings as being 'collective insolvency proceedings which entail the partial or total divestment of a debtor and the appointment of a liquidator'. Article 3 divides proceedings into main proceedings and territorial proceedings. The main proceedings are accorded extraterritorial effect throughout the European Union. One of the concerns which has been expressed in relation to the EC Regulation is that (other than a reference to the European Court of Justice) there is no mechanism for determining which set of proceedings are to be regarded as the main proceedings if two or more jurisdictions claims that their own proceedings are the main proceedings.
An amendment to the regulation was approved in 2015, which again applied to all EU member states except Denmark.
See also
Cross-border insolvency
UK insolvency law
Directive 2001/24/EC, reorganisation and winding up of credit institutions
Directive 2001/17/EC, reorganisation and winding up of insurance undertakings
Notes
External links
Text of Insolvency Regulation (EC) 1346/2000
References
I Fletcher, Insolvency in Private International Law (2006) ch 7
CG Paulus, Europäische Insolvenzverordnung Kommentar (3rd edn 2011)
Cross-border insolvency
European Union regulations
1346/2000 |
The Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania (GSP) is a non-profit educational institution headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1892, it is one of the oldest genealogical societies in the United States. Its mission is "to provide leadership and support in promoting genealogy through education, preservation and access to Pennsylvania-related genealogical information."
GSP publishes a scholarly magazine and newsletter, conducts educational programs, and maintains a website with research guides for the public and a databases for its members. GSP is a member of the Federation of Genealogical Societies (FGS) in the United States and the Federation of Family History Societies (FFHS) in the United Kingdom. In September 2008, GSP was the lead local sponsor of the Federation of Genealogical Societies' Annual Conference in Philadelphia.
Resources
Electronic resources
For the general public, GSP provides online research guidance through a growing series of topic-specific resources and a list of GSP members who are professional genealogists. Members of the Society may also avail themselves of a number of private databases on the GSP website. Visitors to the library may access GSP's extensive collection of third-party CD-ROM publications, which focus on, but are not limited to, Pennsylvania genealogy.
Events
GSP sponsors educational programs throughout the year. The programs vary in length from one-hour lectures to full-day seminars and are hosted at different locations within the state. GSP also periodically co-sponsors events with other organizations.
Membership
Membership in the society is open to individuals and households; nonmember subscriptions to the Society's magazine are available for libraries.
Members receive GSP's magazine and newsletter and may access the Members Only section of the Society's web site. Members are also entitled to notice of, and discounts on, GSP-sponsored events and GSP publications.
Partnership program
GSP has instituted a Partnership Program with other organizations having a genealogical constituency. The purpose of the Program is to coordinate efforts in state and local advocacy campaigns, to investigate joint publishing and programming opportunities, and to explore other issues of mutual interest.
GSP partners receive a specialized newsletter and are featured in a specialized partner brochure distributed by GSP. Partners also receive GSP's magazine and newsletter and discounts on GSP publications; other, custom benefits are also possible.
Publications
Scholarly magazine
The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine (PGM), prior to 1948 called Publications of the Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania, is published twice a year, in a biannual volume containing compiled genealogies, Bible records, court records, tombstone inscriptions, and transcriptions of other Pennsylvania sources. Current issues are a benefit of membership, and back issues are available in print through the society's online store.
Newsletters
GSP's Penn in Hand newsletter is published to inform GSP members of the society's activities and developments, events of interest to Pennsylvania researchers, and genealogical queries from fellow researchers.
Its Partners newsletter is distributed to members of GSP's Partnership Program to inform them of issues of interest to Pennsylvania genealogists.
Research aids
In addition to its magazine and newsletters, GSP volunteers have compiled, and GSP has published, transcriptions, indexes, and records from throughout Pennsylvania. Some of these publications were available only in limited print runs, but copies can be found at the HSP library and other institutions, and other publications are available for sale to the public through GSP's online store.
References
External links
Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania
Historical Society of Pennsylvania
Diane Publishing
1892 establishments in Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
Organizations based in Philadelphia
Organizations established in 1892 |
Graeme Landy (born 31 May 1954) is a former Australian rules football player who played in the VFL between 1975 and 1978 for the Geelong Football Club, from 1979 until 1986 for the Richmond Football Club and finally in 1987 and 1988 back at Geelong.
References
Hogan P: The Tigers Of Old, Richmond FC, Melbourne 1996
External links
Geelong Football Club players
Richmond Football Club players
Echuca Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
1954 births
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people) |
Bedous (; ) is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France. It is the birthplace of Pierre Laclède, the Frenchman who founded the U.S. city of St. Louis.
Its station on the Pau–Canfranc railway was closed after an accident in 1970, but re-opened in 2016 as the terminus of service from Pau.
See also
Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department
References
Communes of Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Pyrénées-Atlantiques communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
The Shenyang Rhinos are a professional arena football team based in Shenyang, Liaoning participating as members of the China Arena Football League (CAFL). They were originally called the Dalian Dragon Kings and were based in Dalian, China. Their home stadium was the Damai Center. In 2017, the Dragon Kings relocated to become the Shenyang Black Rhinos.
Seasons
References
External links
China Arena Football League official website
China Arena Football League teams
2016 establishments in China
Sport in Dalian
American football teams established in 2016
Sport in Shenyang |
Fortified Zone, known in Japan as is a 1991 video game developed and published by Jaleco for the Game Boy. It was first released in Japan on February 26, 1991 and later released in North America in September 1991. It was later added to the Nintendo 3DS's Virtual Console on July 7, 2011, but the Australia region had it added on July 28, 2011.
Story
Fortified Zone's plot follows two Mercenaries named Masato Kanzaki and Mizuki Makimura as they infiltrate a literal fortified zone, where they must take on mercenaries, soldiers, robots and monsters before destroying the central complex at the fortified zone's heart.
Gameplay
Fortified Zone allows the player to switch between two characters during game play. Each character has their own strengths and weaknesses: Masato (the male mercenary) uses all the special weapons, but cannot jump. Mizuki (the female mercenary) can jump, but cannot use the special weapons. A top-down shoot-'em-up, the game had four multi-room levels, titled 'Field', 'Jungle', 'Caves' and 'Complex'. At the end of each level the player faces a 'boss' character: a cannon installation, a supertank, a dragon, a bulldozer and a large assault vehicle as the final boss. Items that can be picked up in gameplay include medical packs, flamethrowers, hand grenades, rocket launchers, 3-way machine guns and chain guns.
Sequels
The game was the first entry in the Ikari no Yōsai series, and was followed by two sequels: Ikari no Yōsai 2 for the Game Boy (which was released only in Japan), and Ikari no Yōsai for the Super Famicom (released outside Japan as Operation Logic Bomb for the Super NES). The former was later re-released for the Japanese 3DS Virtual Console on January 11, 2012.
Reception
Super Gamer gave an overall score of 70% stating: "Original shoot-'em-up which is a bit too short to hold anybody in its grasp for long."
In Pop Culture
Survival of the Fastest, the debut album of Irish thrash metal band Gama Bomb features the song 'Fortified Zone' based on the game.
References
External links
Ikari no Yōsai and Ikari no Yōsai 2 at Jaleco
1991 video games
Action games
Jaleco games
City Connection franchises
Cooperative video games
Run and gun games
Game Boy games
Video games developed in Japan
Video games scored by Tsukasa Tawada
Virtual Console games
Virtual Console games for Nintendo 3DS
Multiplayer and single-player video games |
Neuenkirchen () is a municipality in the Altes Land, district of Stade, Lower Saxony, Germany.
Neuenkirchen belonged - as to its government - to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, established in 1180. In religious respect, however, Neuenkirchen formed part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Verden until after 1566 its incumbent bishops lost papal recognition, except of a last Catholic bishop from 1630 to 1631, respectively. In 1648 the prince-archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish – interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712–1715) – and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1807 the ephemeric Kingdom of Westphalia annexed the duchy, before France annexed it in 1810. In 1813 the duchy was restored to the Electorate of Hanover, which – after its upgrade to the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814 – incorporated the duchy in a real union and the ducal territory, including Neuenkirchen, became part of the Stade Region, established in 1823.
Notable people
Heinrich Hellwege (1908-1991), German politician
References
Municipalities in Lower Saxony
Stade (district) |
Native Americans and Jewish Americans have interacted throughout much of the history of the United States, beginning with the arrival of European Jews in North America in the 17th century. As the Naturalization Act of 1790 limited naturalization to "free white persons", European Jews were allowed to settle in the United States and become citizens due to being legally classified as white. A small number of American Jews acquired ownership of Indigenous land during the 1800s and early 1900s, following the passage of the Homestead Acts. While early Jewish immigrants often behaved like other settlers in their relationship to Native Americans, later generations of American Jews felt a greater level of sympathy for Native American rights. A small but significant number of scholars and lawyers between the 1930s and 1950s who defended the rights of Native Americans were Jewish, most notably Felix S. Cohen, a Department of the Interior official who drew parallels between the suffering of Native Americans and that of German Jews and was one of the primary legal architects of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934. The Religious Action Center of Reform Judaism has stated that "Jews and American Indians have much in common", citing similar concerns and challenges regarding assimilation, religious rights, and preserving cultural heritage.
History
Key books detailing the history include Jews Among the Indians: Tales of Adventure and Conflict in the Old West by M.L. Marks, Members of the Tribe: Native America in the Jewish Imagination by Rachel Rubinstein, The Jews’ Indian: Colonialism, Pluralism, and Belonging in America by David S. Koffman.
Jewish settlement in North America
According to University of Toronto professor David S. Koffman, writer of The Jews' Indian, American Jewish history is "part of the process of colonialism" and the emigration of European, North African, and Middle Eastern Jews to newly founded settler-colonial states such as the United States is "the story of modern Jewish life". Koffman claims that European Jews have been both victims of colonialism in Europe and perpetrators of colonialism in North America.
The United States Constitution of 1789 and the Naturalization Act of 1790 do not mention Jews. European Jews, like other Europeans, were classified as "free white citizens" under the law. Under law, white Jews were understood to be different from white Christians primarily due to religious belief and religious practice.
In 1822, the Moroccan-born Sephardic Jewish businessman and social reformer Moses Elias Levy established a Jewish settlement called Pilgrimage Plantation near what is now Micanopy, Florida. The intent of the settlement was to provide a safe haven for Jewish refugees from Europe. The settlement was damaged by fire in December 1835 by the Seminole during the Second Seminole War. The Seminole burned a sugar house on the plantation and its contents. The plantation was then abandoned and some of the property was moved to another location, which the Seminole threatened to destroy, so the property was destroyed to prevent the Seminole from claiming it. Levy later filed a claim with the government for its value, but the government decided against compensating him.
A small number of Jews, mostly from Germany, participated in the settlement of the American frontier. The 2022 documentary "Jews of the Wild West", chronicles the history of Jewish pioneers and was made in consultation with Jewish and Native advisors to ensure historical accuracy and sensitivity.
The Prussian-born Jewish trader Solomon Bibo, who became a colonial governor of the Acoma Pueblo, married the Acoma Pueblo woman Juana Valle. She converted to Judaism. Descendants of Solomon and Juana live in New Mexico.
Jewish-Native solidarity
As early as the 1890s, some American Jews were active in supporting the rights and equal status of Native Americans. However, instances were few and isolated. During the New Deal era, Jewish support for Native American rights became more organized and visible. Jewish civil servants, lawyers, educators, social scientists, and anthropologists advocated for Native Americans, including a handful of influential Jewish legal scholars who helped shape the Indian New Deal. In 1973, when citizens of the Oglala Sioux Tribe were jailed following the Wounded Knee Occupation, the majority of the lawyers representing the Oglala prisoners were Jewish. During the Dakota Access Pipeline protests in 2016, nine rabbis, rabbinical students and Jewish community members were arrested as an act of civil disobedience during a rally put on by Jewish Voice for Peace in Philadelphia. Rabbi Alissa Wise, Jewish Voice for Peace deputy director, who was arrested during the protests, said, "As Jews who have experienced displacement in our own histories and who are dedicated to justice for the Palestinian people who have been displaced and erased due to the policies of the Israeli state, it is important for us to be here today to honor indigenous sovereignty, and to confront what it means to live on stolen land".
The Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana maintains close ties with the State of Israel and celebrates Israel's Independence Day. The Coushatta Tribe has stated a sense of solidarity with Jews due to similar histories of prejudice, discrimination, ethnic cleansing, and persecution.
Kevin Gover (Pawnee Nation), the director of the National Museum of the American Indian, has discussed the relationship between Native Americans and Americans Jews. Gover has mentioned witnessing antisemitism while growing up in Oklahoma and notes "shared goals and challenges" face by Jewish and Indigenous communities. Gover believes that "what happened to Indians very closely resembles Jews in Europe during World War II. Everything from systematic killing—the hunting of them and their murder—to the use of propaganda to fire up the public to engage in that sort of conduct" and therefore studying the Holocaust is important to understanding Indigenous genocide. Gover has also noted that many of the lawyers representing Native American tribes between the 1930s and 1950 were Jewish Americans at a time "when it wasn't a popular thing to do". However, Gover has also recommended caution in conflating the Holocaust with the Native American experience, claiming that Native American genocide was not "mechanized, systematic killing" in the same way as the Holocaust and that the "greatest killer of Indians" was depopulation due to disease.
Antisemitism
Elwood Towner was an mixed-race Native American lawyer from Oregon. He was also an anti-Semitic and pro-Nazi speaker during the 1930s in the Northwestern United States with ties to the German American Bund.
David Ahenakew was a Canadian First Nations (Cree) politician, and former National Chief of the Assembly of First Nations who was the subject of numerous court cases in 2002 after making a number of antisemitic remarks to reporters, including accusing Jews of starting World War II. His Order of Canada membership was revoked and he was charged with promoting hatred after repeating his remarks to a reporter; his initial conviction was later overturned in a second trial. In an interview in the July/August 2003 edition of This Magazine, Ahenakew expressed to reporter Alex Roslin his dissatisfaction with what he called "racial control" of the media, saying that "when a group of people, a race of people, control the world media, something has to be done about it." The article also quotes claims that Ahenakew had long held racist beliefs against Jews, Black people and other ethnic groups, and that those beliefs had been hidden from the public.
Indian Jewish theory
Views of Jewish denominations
Conservative Judaism
The Rabbinical Assembly of the Conservative Jewish movement referred to the persecution of American Jews as well as the "brutally oppressive treatment of Native Americans" as among the "lowest moments" in American history in a statement demanding that the Trump administration fire Stephen Miller for allegedly supporting "white supremacist ideology".
Reconstructionist Judaism
The Reconstructionist movement has created a Tisha B'Av curriculum based around reparations for Native Americans and African Americans.
The Reconstructionist rabbis Jessica Rosenberg and Mackenzie (Max) Reynolds have said that the American ideal of religious freedom "gave European Jews space to settle in the Americas alongside other white European settlers...as white citizens." They further state that white Jewish people were never treated as equal to white Christians due to antisemitism, but "were certainly not considered black or Native Americans on this land" and thus had access to a relative level of white privilege.
Reform Judaism
The Union for Reform Judaism, the largest Jewish denomination in the United States, has issued two resolutions concerning the Indigenous peoples of North America, and the Reform movement's Central Conference of American Rabbis (CCAR) has issued three. A 1977 resolution from the Union for Reform Judaism says that "As Jews, with our own history as victims of discrimination, we should be particularly sensitive to the plight of the American Indians." The resolution also encouraged Canadian Jews and Jews in other settler-colonial countries to reckon with First Nations and Indigenous issues. A 2013 resolution addressed First Nations issues.
In 1990, the CCAR issued a resolution calling for the protection and repatriation of Native American remains. The resolution states that American Jews should be especially sensitive to these issues given the importance of respect for the dead and proper burial of the dead within Jewish tradition and Jewish law.
Native American Jews
According to a 2020 Pew Survey, less than 1% of non-Hispanic American Jews are Native American and less than 1% are mixed Native American and white. Many Americans may not be aware that Native American Jews exist. Native American Jews experience both anti-Indigenous racism and antisemitism, including racism from white and non-Native Jews as well as antisemitism from non-Jewish Native Americans.
During the 1930s, the Jewish population of Alaska was small with only around 100 people. A number of Jewish men in Alaska were married to Inuit women.
Notable Native American Jews
Winona LaDuke (White Earth Band), economist, environmentalist, and writer
Raquel Montoya-Lewis (Pueblo of Isleta), attorney and jurist
See also
African American–Jewish relations
Black Indians in the United States
Jewish–Romani relations
Jews of color
Northern Cherokee Nation of the Old Louisiana Territory
References
External links
Intersections of Identity: The Jewish Indigenous Experience, Museum of Jewish Heritage
Jews and Native Americans: Brothers in the Great Spirit, The Jerusalem Post
Jews on Ohlone Land, official website
Jewish-American history
Multiracial affairs in the United States
Native American history |
The M2 light tank, officially Light Tank, M2, was an American light tank of the interwar period which saw limited service during World War II. The most common model, the M2A4, was equipped with one M5 gun and five .30 cal M1919 Browning machine guns.
It was originally developed from the prototype T2 light tank built by the Rock Island Arsenal, which had a Vickers-type leaf spring suspension. The suspension was replaced by the superior vertical volute system in the T2E1 series of 1935. This was put into production with minor modifications as the M2A1 in 1936, with ten produced. The main pre-war version was the M2A2, with 239 produced, becoming the main tank of the United States Army during the interwar period. The Spanish Civil War showed that tanks armed only with machine guns were ineffective. This led to the M2A4 with a 37 mm gun as the main armament. A total of 375 were delivered, the last ten as late as April 1942.
The tank's only combat service was with the United States Marine Corps' 1st Tank Battalion in 1942 during the Pacific War. While some sources claim that the M2A4 saw action with British Army tank units in the Burma campaign against the Imperial Japanese Armed Forces, historian Mike Green states that the tanks were never issued to combat units. The M2A4 light tank led to the development of the M3 Stuart light tank and the M4 Tractor artillery prime mover, the former of which saw widespread use throughout World War II.
Development history
US Army infantry tank design started with the light tank, T1 during the 1920s, which developed into a series of experimental designs which did not enter production. The T2 concept, starting five years later, incorporated several design lessons from the T1, but used a new suspension system copied from the British Vickers six-ton tank. The first prototype was delivered in 1933.
The Defense Act of 1920 had defined tanks to be used in support of the infantry. Through the 1920s a number of theorists outlined an independent role for the tank that required it to move at high speed into the rear areas, a modern version of the cavalry. The British referred to these designs as "cruiser tanks", but similar high-speed designs were developed under a variety of names. As the Defense Act limited tank development to the infantry, the United States Cavalry began tank development under the name "combat car". In keeping with the high-speed role, the new T5 combat car introduced the new vertical volute spring suspension (VVSS) system, which proved clearly superior to the Vickers leaf spring system.
This led to a second prototype of the T2, the T2E1, in April 1934, adopting the VVSS from the T5. The T2E1 was armed with one .30 cal (7.62 mm) and one .50 inch (12.7 mm) Browning machine gun mounted in a fixed turret; another .30 cal Browning was mounted on the hull front. The T2E1 was selected for production in 1935 as the M2, which mounted only the M2 Browning in a small one-man turret, and the .30 cal in the hull.
After only 10 units were delivered, the Infantry Branch decided to switch to a twin turret configuration in the M2E2, with a .30-caliber (7.62 mm) machine gun in a second turret. These early twin-turret tanks were given the nickname "Mae West" by the troops, after the popular busty movie star. The twin-turret layout was inefficient, but was a common feature of 1930s light tanks derived from the Vickers, such as the Soviet T-26 and Polish 7TP. Further refinements to the M2A2 produced the A3 model, which incorporated a modified suspension system that reduced the tank's ground pressure. The weight increased to 10 tons.
Following the Spanish Civil War, most armies, including the U.S. Army, realized that they needed tanks armed with cannon and not merely with machine guns. The Cavalry had already opted for a single, larger turret on its nearly identical M1 combat car. In December 1938, OCM No. 14844 directed that a single M2A3 be removed from the assembly line and modified with heavier armor and weapons, to meet the standards of the U.S. Infantry. This vehicle, after conversion, was re-designated as the M2A4. It was equipped with an M5 37 mm main gun, 1 inch (25 mm) thick armor, and a seven-cylinder gasoline engine. Other upgrades included improved suspension, improved transmission, and better engine cooling. Production of the M2A4 began in May 1940 at the American Car and Foundry Company, and continued through March 1941; an additional ten M2A4s were assembled in April 1942, for a total production run of 375 M2A4 light tanks. The US Army sent out press photos still showing the M2A4 being assembled in July 1941 after the assembly line had been changed over to the M3.
Successor vehicles
The M2 light tank led to the US M3-series and M5-series light tanks. The Ordnance Department viewed the M2A4 as a stopgap tank; work to improve it further began in June 1940. The first M3 Stuart tanks began to be produced in March 1941; the original riveted M3s closely resembled the M2A4, and the two types occasionally served in the same units; an easy recognition feature was the rear idler wheel. On the M2A4, the idler was raised; on the M3 it trailed on the ground, increasing the flotation of the heavier vehicle. The M3 retained the same Continental W-670 engine, but incorporated ½-inch thicker (1½ inch total thickness) armor; with weight increased to 14 tons. The tank initially kept the same 37 mm gun and the forward firing hull machine guns, but the turret incorporated improvements. Eventually over 4,500 examples of all variants were produced.
Operational use
By December 1941, the M2A1, M2A2 and M2A3 were used for training only. The majority of M2A4s, which went to the US Army, were also used only for training between 1940 and 1942. The US Marine Corps ordered M3 Stuart tanks to outfit its armored units in 1940, but as the new tank was not yet in production, it received 36 M2A4s, after which point production of the M3 had come on line. Many of these tanks were deployed during the Battle of Guadalcanal while assigned to A Company, 1st Tank Battalion, where they and M3 Stuarts were typically spread out among infantry units. Their use was generally limited to providing mobile fire support to the Marines, either in disabling Japanese bunkers or using canister shot against Japanese attacks. In defensive engagements, the M2A4s and Stuarts would deploy in pairs, so they could cover each other with machine gun fire against Japanese soldiers armed with satchel charges.
Ultimately, the Marine Corps determined that the 37 mm guns of the M2s and M3s were not powerful enough to defeat Japanese bunkers, and so they would be replaced with tanks armed with 75 mm guns. Following the end of the Guadalcanal campaign, A Company returned to Australia, where the M2A4s were replaced with the new M4 Shermans in preparation for the Battle of Cape Gloucester in December 1943. They remained in service in some areas of the Pacific Theater until 1943. After they served in the Pacific, they were used for training.
Britain ordered 100 M2A4s in early 1941. After 36 of them were delivered, the order was canceled in favor of an improved M3 Stuart. The fate of these vehicles is unclear. There is evidence that indicates those 36 M2A4s were shipped off from North Africa as part of the British Army's 7th Hussars and 2nd Royal Tank Regiment, fighting in the India and Burma campaigns against the Japanese 14th Tank Regiment.
Design
Besides the machine gun mounted coaxially to the main gun, there were three .30 cal. machine guns in the hull. One was mounted in a ball mount in front of the bow gunner. The other two were mounted in fixed sponson mounts. These machine guns were fired by the driver; they were aimed by pointing the entire tank at the desired target. Another .30 cal machine gun was normally mounted on the top of the turret for anti-aircraft defense.
The 37 mm M5 gun had a manually operated breechblock. The tank commander doubled as loader, like many other tanks of the time. There was no turret basket in the M2A4 light tank; the commander stood on the right side, while the gunner stood on the left side. The commander turned the turret onto the general direction of target. The gunner would then bring the target into the M5 telescopic sight. The M20 combination mount had 20° of traverse; this could either be by a handwheel driving the rack and pinion traverse gear mechanism or pressure on the gunners shoulder rest overcoming the friction in the mechanism. Depression and elevation of the gun was either through a geared mechanism or, with the gears disengaged, free through movement of the gunner's shoulder rest.
Variants
M2A1 (1935)
Initial production type with single fixed turret containing one .50 cal machine gun. Seventeen units were produced.
M2A2 (1935)
Twin turrets with single M2 Browning .50 machine gun in its left turret, and an M1919A4 .30 machine gun in its right turret; the turrets partly obstructed each other limiting fields of fire. Dubbed "Mae West". 239 units produced from 1936 to 1937.
M2A3 (1938)
Twin turrets with two machine guns, thicker armor, slightly lengthened hull, improved engine access, increased gear ratios, better engine cooling, improved suspension, and other minor detail changes. 72 units produced.
M2A4 (1939)
Single turret with 37mm gun. Thicker armor. 375 units produced, of which 40 in 1941 and 10 in 1942. Orders went to the American Car & Foundry in October 1939 upon request by the Ordnance Department. Used in the early Pacific campaigns and training. Only service was in Guadalcanal. Used for training after December 1941.
M2 AT (1937)
An M2 chassis with the turret removed and replaced with a 47mm automatic gun. The gun penetration was deemed poor and canceled in 1937.
Specifications (M2A4)
The M2A4 was long, wide, high, and weighed . It had a vertical volute spring suspension and had a speed of , and had a range of . It had one M5 37 mm gun (with 103 rounds), and five .30/06 cal M1919A4 Browning machine guns (with 8,470 rounds) with 6 to 25 mm of armor. It had a Continental W-670 9A seven-cylinder radial engine. The vehicle was operated by a crew of four (commander/gunner, loader, driver, and co-driver).
See also
List of "M" series military vehicles
G-numbers
References
Sources
External links
AFV database
World War II vehicles
from 1941, featuring the M2
Light tanks of the United States
Interwar tanks of the United States
World War II tanks of the United States
Multi-turreted tanks
Light tanks of the interwar period
World War II light tanks
Military vehicles introduced in the 1930s |
Faversham Without is a former civil parish, located around Faversham in the Swale district, in the county of Kent, in southeast England. It was founded in 1894, and over the next 70 years was reduced in size as the borough of Faversham expanded and other areas were transferred to Graveney, Luddenham, Oare and Sheldwich. In 1961 it existed as a series of exclaves. It was abolished in 1983 when the parish of Graveney with Goodnestone was formed.
References
Former civil parishes in Kent |
The Ohole Shem Association () was an American organization to promote and foster the study of Hebrew and other Semitic languages and to encourage the study of Jewish history and literature.
History
The association was founded in 1895 by Herman Rosenthal, who was assisted in this work by A. Radin, S. Brainin, and others.
The association hosted series of lectures, in Hebrew, German, and English, on subjects relating to Jewish science. In 1895–96 it published a Hebrew monthly entitled Ner ha-Ma'arabi, and in 1901 Ha-Modia' le-Ḥodashim; for 1904 it issued an annual entitled Yalkut Ma'arabi. In 1901, it celebrated the one hundredth anniversary of the birth of Zacharias Frankel, and in 1903 the seventieth birthday of Baron Horace Günzburg. In 1904, it commemorated the twenty-fifth anniversary of the literary activity of the Hebrew poet , to whom the first volume of the Yalkut Ma'arabi was dedicated.
References
1895 establishments in New York City
Jewish organizations established in the 19th century
Learned societies of the United States
Defunct organizations based in New York City
Jewish organizations based in New York City
Defunct Jewish organizations |
Wilcza Góra is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przystajń, within Kłobuck County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately south of Przystajń, south-west of Kłobuck, and north of the regional capital Katowice.
References
Villages in Kłobuck County |
Wynyard was an electoral district for the Legislative Assembly in the Australian State of New South Wales from 1904 to 1913, including the town of Tumut and named after Wynyard County. It replaced all of the abolished district of Tumut and part of the abolished district of Gundagai. Its only member was Robert Donaldson. The Federal Capital Territory was removed from New South Wales in 1911 and Wynyard was abolished in the 1912 redistribution. Most of the district, including the town of Tumut was absorbed by the district of Yass and the balance was distributed between the surrounding districts of Cootamundra, Wagga Wagga and Albury.
Members for Wynyard
Election results
References
Former electoral districts of New South Wales
Constituencies established in 1904
1904 establishments in Australia
Constituencies disestablished in 1913
1913 disestablishments in Australia |
German submarine U-502 was a Type IXC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 2 April 1940 at the Deutsche Werft yard in Hamburg with yard number 292, launched on 18 February 1941 and commissioned on 31 May under the command of Kapitänleutnant Jürgen von Rosenstiel.
She began her service life under training with the 2nd U-boat Flotilla between 31 May and 1 September 1941 before moving on to operations, also with the 2nd flotilla. U-502 sank fourteen Allied vessels between September 1941 and July 1942 before she was sunk by a British aircraft in the Bay of Biscay on 6 July 1942.
Design
German Type IXC submarines were slightly larger than the original Type IXBs. U-502 had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. The U-boat had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for at ; when surfaced, she could travel at . U-502 was fitted with six torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 torpedoes, one SK C/32 naval gun, 180 rounds, and a SK C/30 as well as a C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of forty-eight.
Service history
First patrol
U-502 departed Kiel on 29 September 1941, and ventured out into the mid-Atlantic.
On 7 October, south of Iceland, she torpedoed the 14,795 GRT British ship Svend Foyn, a straggler from Convoy HX 152 en route from New York to Liverpool, carrying fuel oil and aircraft and tanks as deck cargo. The former whale factory ship was damaged, but managed to escape and assisted by the , reached Reykjavík on 11 October.
U-502 arrived in Lorient in occupied France on 9 November.
Second patrol
U-502 sailed from Lorient on 18 December 1941, but aborted her patrol, having barely left the Bay of Biscay and returned to her French base on the 22nd.
Third patrol
U-502s next patrol began on 19 January 1942. She sailed for the Caribbean waters north of Venezuela to attack the vital oil trade.
On the morning of 16 February off the Gulf of Venezuela she torpedoed and sank three tankers in as many hours; the British 2,395 GRT Tia Juana,
the Venezuelan 2,650 GRT Monagas,
and then the British 2,391 GRT San Nicolas.
U-502 struck again on 22 February near Aruba, sinking the American 9,033 GRT tanker J.N. Pew with torpedoes during the night,
then the Panamanian 8,329 GRT Thalia with torpedoes and shell-fire that morning.
That afternoon she badly damaged the American 9,002 GRT Sun with a single torpedo. The crew initially abandoned ship, but later re-boarded and managed to take her into Aruba to make repairs.
The U-boat returned to Lorient on 16 March after 57 days at sea.
Fourth patrol
Her fourth and final patrol was her most productive. Sailing from Lorient on 22 April 1942, she resumed her predations in the Caribbean Sea.
Her first success came on 11 May, northeast of the Virgin Islands, where she sank the unescorted British 4,963 GRT cargo ship Cape of Good Hope with torpedoes and shell-fire.
She mistakenly sank the unescorted and neutral 4,996 GRT Brazilian merchant ship Gonçalves Dias with two torpedoes about 100 miles south of Ciudad Trujillo on 24 May. The ship was identified as Brazilian only after the attack when the survivors were questioned.
On 28 May, about 150 miles south of the Mona Passage, she sank the unescorted American 6,759 GRT Type C1 ship Alcoa Pilgrim, carrying a cargo of bauxite ore,
and on 3 June, about 150 miles north-west of Trinidad, she torpedoed the unescorted American 6,940 GRT tanker M.F. Elliott. Hit below the waterline, the ship sank within six minutes.
U-502 attacked Convoy TO-5, en route from Trinidad to Curaçao, on 9 June, about 35 miles north-east of Cape Blanco, Venezuela, sinking the Belgian 5,085 GRT merchant ship Bruxelles,
and damaging the American 6,589 GRT tanker Franklin K. Lane to such an extent that it was abandoned and later sunk by gunfire from .
On 15 June, U-502 struck once again and sank three ships in a single day. The first, at 01:00, was the unescorted American 8,001 GRT merchant ship Scottsburg, hit by two torpedoes about 90 miles west of Grenada.
At 04:10, about 100 miles north-west of Trinidad, she sank the unescorted Panamanian 5,010 GRT Hog Islander Cold Harbor, carrying a cargo of tanks, aircraft and ammunition, with two torpedoes. The first torpedo struck the starboard side causing the ammunition in No.2 hold to explode. About 30 minutes later, a second torpedo struck the port side and the ship sank after 15 minutes.
Finally, at 20:15 about 30 miles west of Grenada, she sank the unescorted American 5,702 GRT ship West Hardaway with a spread of three torpedoes. Two missed, passing ahead and astern, but the third struck the starboard bow. The ship's Navy Armed Guard returned fire (the ship was armed with a gun, four 20 mm guns, and two .30 calibre machine guns), but the ship was hit by another torpedo and sank an hour later. All hands abandoned ship and survived.
Sinking
U-502 then headed for her base, but at 04:45 on 6 July in the Bay of Biscay, west of La Rochelle, at position , she was sunk by depth charges dropped by a Leigh light-equipped Wellington bomber of No. 172 Squadron RAF. All 52 hands were lost. This was the first confirmed kill using a Leigh light. The pilot of the aircraft P/O Wiley B. Howell, an American volunteer serving in the RAF, was subsequently awarded the DFC.
Howell later returned to serve in the United States Navy, commanding the carrier in 1965–66.
Wolfpacks
U-502 took part in one wolfpack, namely:
Reissewolf (21 – 30 October 1941)
Summary of raiding history
References
Bibliography
External links
German Type IX submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1941
U-boats sunk in 1942
U-boats sunk by depth charges
U-boats sunk by British aircraft
World War II submarines of Germany
Shipwrecks in the Bay of Biscay
World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
1941 ships
Ships built in Hamburg
Submarines lost with all hands
Maritime incidents in July 1942 |
Strochcice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Samborzec, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Samborzec, south-west of Sandomierz, and east of the regional capital Kielce.
References
Strochcice |
Michael John Hugg (born 11 August 1940) is a British musician who was a founding member of the 1960s group Manfred Mann.
Career
Pursuing a career in jazz, he met the pianist Manfred Mann while working as a musician at Butlin's Clacton, and they formed a seven-piece group. The Mann–Hugg Blues Brothers recruited Paul Jones and later Tom McGuinness. Upon their signing with HMV Records, their producer, John Burgess, changed their name to Manfred Mann.
Hugg is a competent pianist and an able vibraphone player, but his main role in Manfred Mann was as drummer. However, he recorded several vibraphone solos with the band (e.g. "I'm your Kingpin") and used the instrument to augment hits such as "Oh No Not My Baby". He was credited as co-writer of the group's early hits and contributed solo compositions throughout its life, including jazzy instrumentals ("Bare Hugg") and wistful acid-pop ("Funniest Gig", "Harry the One Man Band"). His abilities as a songwriter grew throughout the group's career.
He and his brother composed "Mister, You're a Better Man Than I" which was recorded by the Yardbirds in 1965. Hugg also composed the majority of the songs for the 1968 Paramount film Up the Junction, as well as co-writing the theme from the BBC sitcom Whatever Happened to the Likely Lads.
Discography
Solo
1972 Somewhere
1973 Stress & Strain
Manfred Mann Chapter Three
1969 Manfred Mann Chapter Three
1970 Manfred Mann Chapter Three Volume Two
1971 Manfred Mann Chapter Three Volume Three (unreleased)
Hug
1975 Neon Dream
See also
Manfred Mann discography
References
External links
Mike Hugg on the Manfreds' official website
1942 births
British rhythm and blues boom musicians
English rock drummers
English rock keyboardists
English male songwriters
Living people
Manfred Mann members
People educated at St John's College, Portsmouth
People from Gosport
The Manfreds members |
Pontogammaridae is a family of crustaceans belonging to the order Amphipoda.
Genera
Genera:
Andrussovia Derzhavin, 1927
Compactogammarus Stock, 1974
Euxinia Tucolesco, 1933
References
Amphipod families |
Parrozzo () or panrozzo is a traditional cake from the Abruzzo region of Italy. It is traditionally served as a Christmas dessert, but may also be enjoyed year round.
Parrozzo is officially designated as a traditional food product of Abruzzo.
Origins
Parrozo was invented in 1920 by Luigi D'Amico, a bakery owner in Pescara. D'Amico wanted to create a cake that resembled the traditional rough bread made by local farmers with corn flour. Parrozzo has the same round shape as the bread, contains eggs to mimic the yellow of the corn, and is covered with a layer of dark chocolate reminiscent of the burnt surface of the bread.
The first person to try parrozzo was the poet Gabriele D'Annunzio. Afterwards, he composed a madrigal called "La Canzone del Parrozzo" (The Song of Parrozzo), written in Abruzzese dialect:
"È tante ‘bbone stu parrozze nove che pare na pazzie de San Ciattè, c’avesse messe a su gran forne tè la terre lavorata da lu bbove, la terre grasse e lustre che se coce… e che dovente a poche a poche chiù doce de qualunque cosa doce…”
Ingredients and preparation
The dough of parrozzo is made of semolina (alternatively yellow or white flour with corn starch), sugar, eggs, ground almonds, almond extract, and orange or lemon zest. All ingredients are mixed and baked in a round aluminum tray. When the cake has cooled, it is removed from the tray and covered with molten dark chocolate.
References
Enrico Di Carlo, Gabriele d'Annunzio e la gastronomia abruzzese, Castelli, Verdone, 2010;
Cuisine of Abruzzo
Italian cakes
Abruzzo |
```javascript
/**
* Moon v1.0.0-beta.7
* path_to_url
*/
(function(root, factory) {
if (typeof module === "undefined") {
root.Moon = factory();
} else {
module.exports = factory();
}
}(this, function() {
"use strict";
/**
* View Node Constructor
*
* @param {string} name
* @param {object} data
*/
function ViewNode(name, data) {
this.name = name;
this.data = data;
}
/**
* Global old view.
*/
var viewOld = null;
/**
* Global old view element.
*/
var viewOldElement = null;
/**
* Update the old view.
*
* @param {object} viewOldNew
*/
function viewOldUpdate(viewOldNew) {
viewOld = viewOldNew;
}
/**
* Update the old view element.
*
* @param {object} viewOldElementNew
*/
function viewOldElementUpdate(viewOldElementNew) {
viewOldElement = viewOldElementNew;
}
/**
* Mount to a DOM element.
*/
function mount(element) {
viewOldElementUpdate(element); // Capture old data from the element's attributes.
var viewOldElementAttributes = viewOldElement.attributes;
var viewOldData = {};
for (var i = 0; i < viewOldElementAttributes.length; i++) {
var viewOldElementAttribute = viewOldElementAttributes[i];
viewOldData[viewOldElementAttribute.name] = viewOldElementAttribute.value;
} // Create a node from the root element.
viewOldUpdate(new ViewNode(viewOldElement.tagName.toLowerCase(), viewOldData));
}
/**
* HTML tag names
*/
var names = ["a", "abbr", "acronym", "address", "applet", "area", "article", "aside", "audio", "b", "base", "basefont", "bdi", "bdo", "bgsound", "big", "blink", "blockquote", "body", "br", "button", "canvas", "caption", "center", "cite", "code", "col", "colgroup", "command", "content", "data", "datalist", "dd", "del", "details", "dfn", "dialog", "dir", "div", "dl", "dt", "element", "em", "embed", "fieldset", "figcaption", "figure", "font", "footer", "form", "frame", "frameset", "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4", "h5", "h6", "head", "header", "hgroup", "hr", "html", "i", "iframe", "image", "img", "input", "ins", "isindex", "kbd", "keygen", "label", "legend", "li", "link", "listing", "main", "map", "mark", "marquee", "math", "menu", "menuitem", "meta", "meter", "multicol", "nav", "nextid", "nobr", "noembed", "noframes", "noscript", "object", "ol", "optgroup", "option", "output", "p", "param", "picture", "plaintext", "pre", "progress", "q", "rb", "rbc", "rp", "rt", "rtc", "ruby", "s", "samp", "script", "section", "select", "shadow", "slot", "small", "source", "spacer", "span", "strike", "strong", "style", "sub", "summary", "sup", "svg", "table", "tbody", "td", "template", "text", "textarea", "tfoot", "th", "thead", "time", "title", "tr", "track", "tt", "u", "ul", "var", "video", "wbr", "xmp"];
/**
* Components
*
* Each component generates a corresponding view node based on the data it is
* passed as input. This data includes attributes and children.
*/
var components = {
node: function node(name) {
return function (data) {
return new ViewNode(name, data);
};
}
};
var _loop = function _loop(i) {
var name = names[i];
components[name] = function (data) {
return new ViewNode(name, data);
};
};
for (var i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
_loop(i);
}
var view = {
components: components,
mount: mount
};
/**
* Returns a view given routes that map to views and the current route.
*
* @param {object} input
* @returns {object} view
*/
function router(input) {
var route = input.route;
var routeSegment = "/";
var routes = input.routes;
for (var i = 1; i < route.length; i++) {
var routeCharacter = route[i];
if (routeCharacter === "/") {
routes = (routeSegment in routes ? routes[routeSegment] : routes["/*"])[1];
routeSegment = "/";
} else {
routeSegment += routeCharacter;
}
}
return (routeSegment in routes ? routes[routeSegment] : routes["/*"])[0](input);
}
var route = {
router: router
};
var data = {};
/**
* Cache for default property values
*/
var removeDataPropertyCache = {};
/**
* Modify the prototype of a node to include special Moon view properties.
*/
Node.prototype.MoonChildren = null;
/**
* Creates an element from a node.
*
* @param {object} node
* @returns {object} element
*/
function viewCreate(node) {
var nodeName = node.name;
if (nodeName === "text") {
// Create a text node using the text content from the default key.
return document.createTextNode(node.data.data);
} else {
// Create a DOM element.
var element = document.createElement(nodeName); // Set data.
var nodeData = node.data;
for (var key in nodeData) {
var value = nodeData[key];
if (key[0] === "o" && key[1] === "n") {
// Set an event listener.
element[key.toLowerCase()] = value;
} else {
switch (key) {
case "attributes":
{
// Set attributes.
for (var valueKey in value) {
element.setAttribute(valueKey, value[valueKey]);
}
break;
}
case "style":
{
// Set style properties.
var elementStyle = element.style;
for (var _valueKey in value) {
elementStyle[_valueKey] = value[_valueKey];
}
break;
}
case "focus":
{
// Set focus if needed. Blur isn't set because it's the
// default.
if (value) {
element.focus();
}
break;
}
case "class":
{
// Set a className property.
element.className = value;
break;
}
case "for":
{
// Set an htmlFor property.
element.htmlFor = value;
break;
}
case "children":
{
// Recursively append children.
var elementMoonChildren = element.MoonChildren = [];
for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
var elementChild = viewCreate(value[i]);
elementMoonChildren.push(elementChild);
element.appendChild(elementChild);
}
break;
}
default:
{
// Set a DOM property.
element[key] = value;
}
}
}
}
return element;
}
}
/**
* Patches an old element's data to match a new node, using an old node as
* reference.
*
* @param {object} nodeOld
* @param {object} nodeOldElement
* @param {object} nodeNew
*/
function viewPatch(nodeOld, nodeOldElement, nodeNew) {
var nodeOldData = nodeOld.data;
var nodeNewData = nodeNew.data; // First, go through all new data and update all of the existing data to
// match.
for (var keyNew in nodeNewData) {
var valueOld = nodeOldData[keyNew];
var valueNew = nodeNewData[keyNew];
if (valueOld !== valueNew) {
if (keyNew[0] === "o" && keyNew[1] === "n") {
// Update an event.
nodeOldElement[keyNew.toLowerCase()] = valueNew;
} else {
switch (keyNew) {
case "attributes":
{
// Update attributes.
if (valueOld === undefined) {
for (var valueNewKey in valueNew) {
nodeOldElement.setAttribute(valueNewKey, valueNew[valueNewKey]);
}
} else {
for (var _valueNewKey in valueNew) {
var valueNewValue = valueNew[_valueNewKey];
if (valueOld[_valueNewKey] !== valueNewValue) {
nodeOldElement.setAttribute(_valueNewKey, valueNewValue);
}
} // Remove attributes from the old value that are not in
// the new value.
for (var valueOldKey in valueOld) {
if (!(valueOldKey in valueNew)) {
nodeOldElement.removeAttribute(valueOldKey);
}
}
}
break;
}
case "style":
{
// Update style properties.
var nodeOldElementStyle = nodeOldElement.style;
if (valueOld === undefined) {
for (var _valueNewKey2 in valueNew) {
nodeOldElementStyle[_valueNewKey2] = valueNew[_valueNewKey2];
}
} else {
for (var _valueNewKey3 in valueNew) {
var _valueNewValue = valueNew[_valueNewKey3];
if (valueOld[_valueNewKey3] !== _valueNewValue) {
nodeOldElementStyle[_valueNewKey3] = _valueNewValue;
}
} // Remove style properties from the old value that are not
// in the new value.
for (var _valueOldKey in valueOld) {
if (!(_valueOldKey in valueNew)) {
nodeOldElementStyle[_valueOldKey] = "";
}
}
}
break;
}
case "focus":
{
// Update focus/blur.
if (valueNew) {
nodeOldElement.focus();
} else {
nodeOldElement.blur();
}
break;
}
case "class":
{
// Update a className property.
nodeOldElement.className = valueNew;
break;
}
case "for":
{
// Update an htmlFor property.
nodeOldElement.htmlFor = valueNew;
break;
}
case "children":
{
// Update children.
var valueNewLength = valueNew.length;
if (valueOld === undefined) {
// If there were no old children, create new children.
var nodeOldElementMoonChildren = nodeOldElement.MoonChildren = [];
for (var i = 0; i < valueNewLength; i++) {
var nodeOldElementChild = viewCreate(valueNew[i]);
nodeOldElementMoonChildren.push(nodeOldElementChild);
nodeOldElement.appendChild(nodeOldElementChild);
}
} else {
var valueOldLength = valueOld.length;
if (valueOldLength === valueNewLength) {
// If the children have the same length then update
// both as usual.
var _nodeOldElementMoonChildren = nodeOldElement.MoonChildren;
for (var _i = 0; _i < valueOldLength; _i++) {
var valueOldNode = valueOld[_i];
var valueNewNode = valueNew[_i];
if (valueOldNode !== valueNewNode) {
if (valueOldNode.name === valueNewNode.name) {
viewPatch(valueOldNode, _nodeOldElementMoonChildren[_i], valueNewNode);
} else {
var valueOldElementNew = viewCreate(valueNewNode);
nodeOldElement.replaceChild(valueOldElementNew, _nodeOldElementMoonChildren[_i]);
_nodeOldElementMoonChildren[_i] = valueOldElementNew;
}
}
}
} else if (valueOldLength > valueNewLength) {
// If there are more old children than new children,
// update the corresponding ones and remove the extra
// old children.
var _nodeOldElementMoonChildren2 = nodeOldElement.MoonChildren;
for (var _i2 = 0; _i2 < valueNewLength; _i2++) {
var _valueOldNode = valueOld[_i2];
var _valueNewNode = valueNew[_i2];
if (_valueOldNode !== _valueNewNode) {
if (_valueOldNode.name === _valueNewNode.name) {
viewPatch(_valueOldNode, _nodeOldElementMoonChildren2[_i2], _valueNewNode);
} else {
var _valueOldElementNew = viewCreate(_valueNewNode);
nodeOldElement.replaceChild(_valueOldElementNew, _nodeOldElementMoonChildren2[_i2]);
_nodeOldElementMoonChildren2[_i2] = _valueOldElementNew;
}
}
}
for (var _i3 = valueNewLength; _i3 < valueOldLength; _i3++) {
nodeOldElement.removeChild(_nodeOldElementMoonChildren2.pop());
}
} else {
// If there are more new children than old children,
// update the corresponding ones and append the extra
// new children.
var _nodeOldElementMoonChildren3 = nodeOldElement.MoonChildren;
for (var _i4 = 0; _i4 < valueOldLength; _i4++) {
var _valueOldNode2 = valueOld[_i4];
var _valueNewNode2 = valueNew[_i4];
if (_valueOldNode2 !== _valueNewNode2) {
if (_valueOldNode2.name === _valueNewNode2.name) {
viewPatch(_valueOldNode2, _nodeOldElementMoonChildren3[_i4], _valueNewNode2);
} else {
var _valueOldElementNew2 = viewCreate(_valueNewNode2);
nodeOldElement.replaceChild(_valueOldElementNew2, _nodeOldElementMoonChildren3[_i4]);
_nodeOldElementMoonChildren3[_i4] = _valueOldElementNew2;
}
}
}
for (var _i5 = valueOldLength; _i5 < valueNewLength; _i5++) {
var _nodeOldElementChild = viewCreate(valueNew[_i5]);
_nodeOldElementMoonChildren3.push(_nodeOldElementChild);
nodeOldElement.appendChild(_nodeOldElementChild);
}
}
}
break;
}
default:
{
// Update a DOM property.
nodeOldElement[keyNew] = valueNew;
}
}
}
}
} // Next, go through all of the old data and remove data that isn't in the
// new data.
for (var keyOld in nodeOldData) {
if (!(keyOld in nodeNewData)) {
if (keyOld[0] === "o" && keyOld[1] === "n") {
// Remove an event.
nodeOldElement[keyOld.toLowerCase()] = null;
} else {
switch (keyOld) {
case "attributes":
{
// Remove attributes.
var _valueOld = nodeOldData.attributes;
for (var _valueOldKey2 in _valueOld) {
nodeOldElement.removeAttribute(_valueOldKey2);
}
break;
}
case "focus":
{
// Remove focus.
nodeOldElement.blur();
break;
}
case "class":
{
// Remove a className property.
nodeOldElement.className = "";
break;
}
case "for":
{
// Remove an htmlFor property.
nodeOldElement.htmlFor = "";
break;
}
case "children":
{
// Remove children.
var _valueOldLength = nodeOldData.children.length;
var _nodeOldElementMoonChildren4 = nodeOldElement.MoonChildren;
for (var _i6 = 0; _i6 < _valueOldLength; _i6++) {
nodeOldElement.removeChild(_nodeOldElementMoonChildren4.pop());
}
break;
}
default:
{
// Remove a DOM property.
var nodeOldName = nodeOld.name;
nodeOldElement[keyOld] = (nodeOldName in removeDataPropertyCache ? removeDataPropertyCache[nodeOldName] : removeDataPropertyCache[nodeOldName] = nodeOldName === "text" ? document.createTextNode("") : document.createElement(nodeOldName))[keyOld];
}
}
}
}
}
}
/**
* The view transformer renderer is responsible for updating the DOM and
* rendering views. The patch consists of walking the new tree and finding
* differences between the trees. The old tree is used to compare values for
* performance. The DOM is updated to reflect these changes as well. Ideally,
* the DOM would provide an API for creating lightweight elements and render
* directly from a virtual DOM, but Moon uses the imperative API for updating
* it instead.
*
* Since views can easily be cached, Moon skips over patches if the old and new
* nodes are equal. This is also why views should be pure and immutable. They
* are created every render and stored, so if they are ever mutated, Moon will
* skip them anyway because they have the same reference. It can use a little
* more memory, but Moon nodes are heavily optimized to work well with
* JavaScript engines, and immutability opens up the opportunity to use
* standard functional techniques for caching.
*
* @param {object} viewNew
*/
var view$1 = {
set: function set(viewNew) {
// When given a new view, patch the old element to match the new node using
// the old node as reference.
if (viewOld.name === viewNew.name) {
// If the root views have the same name, patch their data.
viewPatch(viewOld, viewOldElement, viewNew);
} else {
// If they have different names, create a new old view element.
var viewOldElementNew = viewCreate(viewNew); // Manipulate the DOM to replace the old view.
viewOldElement.parentNode.replaceChild(viewOldElementNew, viewOldElement); // Update the reference to the old view element.
viewOldElementUpdate(viewOldElementNew);
} // Store the new view as the old view to be used as reference during a
// patch.
viewOldUpdate(viewNew);
}
};
var time = {
get: function get() {
return Date.now();
},
set: function set(input) {
setTimeout(input[1], input[0] * 1000);
}
};
var storage = {
get: function get() {
return localStorage;
},
set: function set(localStorageNew) {
for (var keyNew in localStorageNew) {
var valueNew = localStorageNew[keyNew];
if (localStorage[keyNew] !== valueNew) {
localStorage[keyNew] = valueNew;
}
}
for (var keyOld in localStorage) {
if (!(keyOld in localStorageNew)) {
delete localStorage[keyOld];
}
}
}
};
/*
* Match HTTP headers.
*/
var headerRE = /^([^:]+):\s*([^]*?)\s*$/gm;
var http = {
set: function set(request) {
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); // Handle response types.
xhr.responseType = "responseType" in request ? request.responseType : "text"; // Handle load event.
if ("onLoad" in request) {
xhr.onload = function () {
var responseHeaders = {};
var responseHeadersText = xhr.getAllResponseHeaders();
var responseHeader; // Parse headers to object.
while ((responseHeader = headerRE.exec(responseHeadersText)) !== null) {
responseHeaders[responseHeader[1]] = responseHeader[2];
} // Run load event handler.
request.onLoad({
status: xhr.status,
headers: responseHeaders,
body: xhr.response
});
};
} // Handle error event.
if ("onError" in request) {
xhr.onerror = request.onError;
} // Open the request with the given method and URL.
xhr.open("method" in request ? request.method : "GET", request.url); // Set request headers.
if ("headers" in request) {
var requestHeaders = request.headers;
for (var requestHeader in requestHeaders) {
xhr.setRequestHeader(requestHeader, requestHeaders[requestHeader]);
}
} // Send the request with the given body.
xhr.send("body" in request ? request.body : null);
}
};
var route$1 = {
get: function get() {
return location.pathname;
},
set: function set(routeNew) {
history.pushState(null, "", routeNew);
}
};
var m = {};
m.data = data;
Object.defineProperty(m, "view", view$1);
Object.defineProperty(m, "time", time);
Object.defineProperty(m, "storage", storage);
Object.defineProperty(m, "http", http);
Object.defineProperty(m, "route", route$1);
var index = {
m: m,
route: route,
version: "1.0.0-beta.7",
view: view
};
return index;
}));
``` |
Kaltag (Koyukon: ; ) is a city and village in Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 190, down from 230 in 2000.
History
Kaltag was a Koyokon Athabascan area used as a cemetery for surrounding villages. It is located on an old portage trail which led west through the mountains to Unalakleet. The Athabascans had seasonal camps in the area and moved as the wild game migrated. There were 12 summer fish camps located on the Yukon River between the Koyukuk River and the Nowitna River.
Kaltag was named by Russians for a Koyokon man named Kaltaga.
There was a smallpox epidemic in 1839 that killed a large part of the population of the area.
After the Alaska Purchase, a United States military telegraph line was constructed along the north side of the Yukon River. A trading post opened around 1880, just before the gold rush of 1884–85. Steamboats on the Yukon, which supplied gold prospectors ran before and after 1900 with 46 boats in operation on the river in the peak year of 1900. A measles epidemic and food shortages during 1900 reduced the population of the area by one-third. The village Kaltag was established after the epidemic when survivors from three nearby villages moved to the area.
There was a minor gold rush in the area in the 1880s. In 1906, gold seekers left for Fairbanks or Nome; however, the Galena lead mines began operating in 1919. Kaltag was downriver from the mines and grew as a point on the transportation route for the mines. It declined in the 1940s as mining declined.
The old cemetery caved into the river around 1937. An airport and clinic were constructed during the 1960s.
Kaltag has a week long Stick Dance (memorial Potlatch) every two years that draws visitors from many neighboring villages. This Potlatch is sponsored by relatives of the recently deceased, in appreciation of those who helped during their time of mourning.
Much of the economy around Kaltag is based on subsistence hunting and fishing. Salmon, whitefish, moose, bear, waterfowl and berries are elements of the subsistence economy.
Geography
Kaltag is located at (64.325145, -158.727030) and is on the west bank of the Yukon River, west of Galena of , of which, of it is land and of it (14.97%) is water.
Climate
The climate is transitional between the coast and interior.
Demographics
Kaltag first reported on the 1880 U.S. Census as an unincorporated Tinneh village. The census of 1890 combined Anvik and Kaltag under Anvik (with a combined population of 191). It did not appear again on the census separately until 1910. It formally incorporated in 1969.
As of the census of 2000, there were 230 people, 69 households, and 52 families residing in the village. The population density was . There were 78 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 12.61% White, 84.35% Native American, and 3.04% from two or more races.
There were 69 households, out of which 49.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.1% were married couples living together, 18.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.2% were non-families. 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.33 and the average family size was 3.83.
In the village the age distribution of the population shows 37.0% under the age of 18, 12.2% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 15.7% from 45 to 64, and 7.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 132.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 126.6 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $29,167, and the median income for a family was $25,625. Males had a median income of $20,938 versus $48,750 for females. The per capita income for the village was $9,361. About 29.8% of families and 33.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 45.7% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.
Education
The Yukon–Koyukuk School District operates the Kaltag School.
References
Cities in Alaska
Cities in Yukon–Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska
Yukon River |
Gold is a two-CD compilation of classic singles and album tracks by British singer-songwriter, Cat Stevens, now known as Yusuf Islam. It is part of Universal Music's series of double-disc anthologies derived from their extensive back catalog. The track list starts with Stevens' early British hit "Matthew & Son" and ends with a new recording by Islam, "Indian Ocean", recorded and first released as a digital download on the iTunes Music Store to benefit 2004 Asian tsunami relief efforts.
One review of the compilation suggests that the anthology "manages to cram into two discs what 2001's On the Road to Find Out box set tried to accomplish over four."[]. Like the box set five years earlier, Islam actively participated in the compilation of the anthology. Given both the extensive track listing and the presence of a new Stevens recording (the first on which he has played guitar since he stopped recording under his stage name), this compilation apparently makes previous non-box set compilations of Stevens' work redundant and incomplete.
Track listing
All songs written by Cat Stevens except where noted. "Indian Ocean" is credited under Stevens' current legal name, Yusuf Islam.
Disc one
Disc two
References
Stevens, Cat
2005 compilation albums
Cat Stevens compilation albums
A&M Records compilation albums
Island Records compilation albums
Albums produced by Paul Samwell-Smith
Albums produced by David Kershenbaum |
The Envision Racing Formula E Team is a British motor racing team, based at Silverstone Park and majority-owned by Chinese wind turbine manufacturer Envision Energy that competes in Formula E.
Currently, the two drivers are Robin Frijns and Sébastien Buemi.
History
Virgin was one of the first teams to enter Formula E, its entry was officially confirmed in December 2013. Virgin partnered with Peugeot but rebadged as DS Automobiles from the 2015–16 season to the 2017–18 season, competing as DS Virgin Racing during that time. With DS moving its support to rival team Techeetah from the 2018–19 season onwards, Virgin chose to establish a long-term customer car deal with Audi Sport.
2014–15 season
The team signed drivers Jaime Alguersuari and Sam Bird for its inaugural season. Bird scored three podiums (two of which were wins), which was enough for a fifth place in the Drivers' Championship. For the final round in London, which was a double-header event, the team replaced Alguersuari with Fabio Leimer. Virgin would finish fifth in Teams' Championship with 133 points.
2015–16 season
For its second season, Virgin confirmed Sam Bird and Jean-Éric Vergne, who moved to the team from Andretti Autosport. It was the first season in partnership with Peugeot but rebadged as DS Performance. The season was fairly successful, as the team recorded four pole positions (three with Bird, one with Vergne). The team finished third in Teams' Championship with 144 points.
2016–17 season
For the 2016–17 season, Virgin signed José María López to partner Bird who stayed in the team. López was forced to miss the New York City ePrix due to his commitments in the FIA WEC series. For this event, he was temporarily replaced by Alex Lynn. Lynn retired from both races, but scored a pole position on his debut. Bird, on the other hand, won both of these races. Lynn was later signed to the team for the next season as a full-time driver. López returned to finish the season at the Montreal ePrix and finished his last race with the team on a podium as he finished third.
Virgin improved their points score to 190 points, but it was only enough for a fourth place in Teams' Championship.
2017–18 season
Virgin fielded Bird and the returning Alex Lynn for its fourth season. Bird was in contention for the Drivers' Championship as the main rival for Jean-Éric Vergne (who competed for Techeetah at the time), however, he got overtaken by Lucas di Grassi in the final weekend of the season in New York City, thus finished third. Lynn was unable to keep up with Bird for the entire campaign and was not kept for the next season.
Virgin would finish third in Teams' Championship with 160 points. This season would mark the end of the partnership with DS.
2018–19 season
For the 2018–19 season, as Peugeot-DS ended their partnership with the team, Virgin opted to become a customer team by switching to Audi powertrains. This move allowed the team to sign Robin Frijns, an Audi factory driver, as Bird's teammate. The team also signed a sponsorship deal with Chinese wind turbine manufacturer Envision Energy, leading to the team rebrand to Envision Virgin Racing.
The Audi e-tron FE05 powertrain proved to be very competitive, giving Virgin a chance at multiple strong results. The team would finish third in Teams' Championship with 191 points, just a point ahead of Nissan e.dams. Both Bird and Frijns would find themselves at the top of the Drivers' Championship at various points during the season, but only finished ninth and fourth respectively.
2019–20 season
Bird and Frijns were retained for the 2019–20 season along with the Audi customer deal. Bird won the 2019 Diriyah ePrix and got a podium in Race 1 of the 2020 Berlin ePrix. Frijns had a poor start until the season stopped due to the COVID-19 pandemic. He then scored two podiums at Race 3 and 5 of the Berlin ePrix. Bird and Frijns finished 10th and 12th respectively that season and Envision Virgin finished 4th in the Teams’ Championship.
2020–21 season
After six seasons with the outfit, Bird left Virgin to join Jaguar Racing. In July 2020, the team announced reigning Super Formula champion Nick Cassidy would partner Frijns for the 2020–21 season.
2021–22 season
Following the 2020–21 season Virgin left the team as a partner and the team re-branded as Envision Racing, and introduced a new green livery for its entry. Cassidy and Frijns were retained as drivers, while Alice Powell became the Simulator and Development Driver for the team.
Results
Notes
– In the inaugural season, all teams were supplied with a spec powertrain by McLaren.
– Powertrain developed by DS Performance, branded as Virgin.
– Driver was fastest in group qualifying stage and was given one championship point.
Notes
References
External links
Racing Formula E team
Auto racing teams in the United Kingdom
2013 establishments in the United Kingdom
Auto racing teams established in 2013
Formula E teams
Formula E Teams' Champions |
Li-Huei Tsai (; born 18 March 1960) is an American neuroscientist and the director of the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory in the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
She is known for her work on neurological disorders that affect learning and memory, particularly for her research on Alzheimer’s disease and the role of CDK5 and chromatin remodeling in the progression of the disease. Additionally, her laboratory has innovated numerous applications of induced pluripotent stem cells for in vitro modeling of neurological diseases.
Education and career
Tsai was born and raised in Taiwan. In 1984, she received a fellowship to pursue a master's degree in veterinary medicine at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. After attending a series of lectures delivered by Nobel Prize laureate and cancer researcher Howard Temin, she developed an interest in molecular cancer research. Tsai earned her PhD in 1990 from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. In 1991, Tsai joined the laboratory of Ed Harlow at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and then the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center. In 1994, Tsai joined the faculty in the Department of Pathology at Harvard Medical School. She moved to MIT in 2006. She was appointed director of the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory in 2009 and is a founding member of MIT's Aging Brain Initiative. In 2019, Tsai became co-director of the Alana Down Syndrome Center at MIT.
Research
In the Harlow laboratory, Tsai studied cyclin-dependent kinases in order to identify their role in cell division. Tsai became interested in CDK5, which she found was not only inactive in cancer cells, but inactive in all other tissue cells except for the brain. She also found that Cdk5 requires p35 to be active.
After moving to Harvard Medical School, she began to investigate the function of CDK5 and p35. Tsai found that mice lacking p35 displayed cortical lamination defects and were prone to seizures, and that CDK5-p35 activity was essential for neurite outgrowth during neuronal differentiation. Tsai also discovered that while Cdk5 activity is essential to proper brain development and function, overexpression of Cdk5 was associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Tsai observed that a truncated version of p35 called p25 accumulated in diseased or damaged brain tissue in mice and in tissue samples from deceased Alzheimer’s patients. In an experiment with genetically-engineered mice, Tsai found that increased expression of CDK5 led to the development of Alzheimer’s-like symptoms such as a decline in learning and cognition, profound neural loss in the forebrain, and that amyloid plaques developed within weeks.
After moving to MIT in 2006, Tsai began to investigate how to ameliorate or reverse Alzheimer’s symptoms. In a 2007 study, Tsai trained mice to find and remember a platform submerged in a murky pool. When she induced Alzheimer’s-like symptoms, the mice could no longer find the platform; however, after spending some time in an enriched environment, those same mice could locate platform immediately, indicating their memories had returned. Tsai was able to replicate the same effects as the enriched environment by treating the mice with a drug that inhibited a chromatin-remodeling class of enzymes called histone deacetylases, or HDACs. In later studies, Tsai showed that HDAC2 creates an epigenetic blockade of genes that regulate structural and synaptic plasticity and that some cognitive function could be restored by inhibiting HDAC2 activity.
Tsai has elucidated the role of structural and epigenetic mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease, showing in two 2015 studies that the DNA breakage necessary to learning was also responsible for cognitive decline, due to decline in DNA repair systems with age, and that the genetic component of Alzheimer’s primarily affects the regulatory circuitry of immune processes, rather than neuronal processes as expected.
In 2016, Tsai demonstrated that visual stimulation of mice with an LED flashing at 40 hertz substantially reduces the beta amyloid plaques associated with Alzheimer’s disease, likely by inducing gamma oscillations.
In more recent work, Tsai has created a lab-engineered model of the Blood-Brain Barrier to investigate how Alzheimer disease risk genes, namely APOE, contribute to breakdown of the brain's vasculature.
Awards
1997 Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute
2008 Academician, Academia Sinica
2010 Glenn Award for Research in Biological Mechanisms of Aging
2011 Member, National Academy of Medicine
2011 Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
2016 Mika Salpeter Lifetime Achievement Award, Society for Neuroscience
2019 Fellow, National Academy of Inventors
2019 Hans Wigzell Research Foundation Science Prize
See also
Neuroscience of ageing
References
External links
Li-Huei Tsai, Publications on Google scholar
Li-Huei Tsai, Publications on PubMed
Living people
University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine alumni
Chinese women neuroscientists
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science faculty
Alzheimer's disease researchers
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center alumni
Harvard Medical School faculty
Cancer researchers
American pathologists
Howard Hughes Medical Investigators
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
American people of Taiwanese descent
Members of the National Academy of Medicine
1960 births |
Rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysregulation, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation (ROHHAD) is a rare condition whose etiology is currently unknown. ROHHAD mainly affects the endocrine system and autonomic nervous system, but patients can exhibit a variety of signs. Patients present with both alveolar hypoventilation along with hypothalamic dysfunction, which distinguishes ROHHAD from congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS). ROHHAD is a rare disease, with only 100 reported cases worldwide thus far.
The first sign of ROHHAD is a rapid weight gain between 1.5 and 11 years of age. Typically, hypoventilation, or abnormally slow breathing, presents after the rapid onset obesity. Symptoms of hypothalamic dysfunction and autonomic dysfunction present in a variety of ways, but in order for a diagnosis of ROHHAD they must be present in some form. Approximately 40% of patients will develop neuroendocrine tumors. There is also a possibility of behavioral disorders, but some children with ROHHAD have normal cognitive development and intelligence.
Treatment plans for ROHHAD vary depending on each patient's symptoms. There is no cure, so treatment is geared toward managing the symptoms that each patient manifests. ROHHAD is fatal in 50-60% of cases when undiagnosed and untreated, due to cardiopulmonary arrest secondary to untreated hypoventilation. The earlier the disease is diagnosed and treatment starts, the better a child's prognosis is.
Signs and symptoms
Rapid-onset Obesity
The rapid onset obesity aspect of ROHHAD is usually the first diagnostic indicator of the disease. Patients often present with hyperphagia and rapid weight gain. This rapid weight gain is defined as 20-30 pounds over a 6-12 month period, and typically occurs between the ages of 1.5 and 11.
Hypothalamic dysfunction
Hypothalamic dysfunction refers to the hypothalamus, which is a structure within the brain which participates in regulating the pituitary gland, autonomic nervous system, and endocrine system. Symptoms related to hypothalamic dysfunction may include abnormal sodium balance (hyponatremia or hypernatremia), high progestin levels, low cortisol levels, delayed or early-onset puberty, and low thyroid hormone. Patients will also often experience a decelerated growth rate throughout childhood.
Sodium imbalance within the body can have severe symptoms and be potentially life-threatening if not controlled. Hyponatremia, or low sodium levels, can cause symptoms such as nausea, headache, seizures, or even cause patients to become comatose. Hypernatremia, or high sodium levels in the blood, can cause nausea, muscle weakness, altered mental status, or coma. Irregular temperature regulation and diabetes insipidus are also possible symptoms of hypothalamic dysfunction.
ROHHAD patients develop these symptoms at varying ages and in varying numbers, but all patients will develop some symptoms of hypothalamic dysfunction.
Hypoventilation
Symptoms of hypoventilation and breathing malfunctions typically present after the rapid weight gain. Some patients may initially develop obstructive sleep apnea, which is common in obese children. Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common form of sleep apnea, and causes breathing to abruptly stop and begin again during sleep. This is caused by throat muscles relaxing during sleep and blocking the airway, and is typically noticed as patients will snore loudly throughout the night. Every patient diagnosed with ROHHAD develops alveolar hypoventilation, regardless of whether they presented with sleep apnea. Alveolar hypoventilation is a condition in which patients have very low blood oxygen levels and shallow breathing. In healthy patients, when blood oxygen levels are low, the brain sends a signal to breathe and bring more oxygen to the blood. In ROHHAD patients, this reaction does not occur. This condition is usually only present during sleep, however in more severely affected patients shallow breathing may continue throughout the day. Hypoventilation can go unnoticed until cardiopulmonary arrest, which is why ROHHAD has the potential to be a fatal disease. Ventilatory support is required for patients during sleep, however it is only needed during waking hours for those most severely affected (about 50% of patients).
Autonomic Dysfunction
Autonomic dysfunction refers to the autonomic nervous system, which is responsible for regulating internal processes without conscious intervention. This may involve abnormalities in cardiac rhythm, temperature regulation, digestion, and eye movements. Not all ROHHAD patients will experience all of these symptoms, however they will have at least some of these issues. Examples of autonomic dysfunction include hyperthermia, hypothermia, pupillary dysfunction, strabismus, chronic constipation, and chronic diarrhea.
Neuroendocrine tumors
Approximately 40% of ROHHAD patients will develop tumors originating in the neural crest. These tumors are typically classified as ganglioneuroma or ganglioneuroblastomas. These tumors are not believed to significantly worsen or contribute to the prognosis of ROHHAD. It was suggested that ROHHAD be renamed ROHHADNET in order to include these tumors in the diagnostic criteria, but this has only been adopted for patients who develop these tumors.
Behavioral issues
Some children diagnosed with ROHHAD may also present with behavioral disorders and/or intellectual disability, however this is believed to be a result of low oxygen levels secondary to hypoventilation during childhood development. The later ROHHAD is diagnosed, the greater the risk for behavioral problems due to hypoxia from hypoventilation or during cardiopulmonary arrest.
Cause
The etiology of ROHHAD is currently unknown, and the condition is diagnosed based on a set of clinical criteria. It is believed that there may be a genetic component to ROHHAD, however there is no widely accepted gene linked to the disease. There has been one ROHHAD patient identified to have a mutation in the retinoic acid-induced 1(RAI1) gene through Whole Exome Sequencing, but there has been no otherwise proven link between the RAI1 gene and ROHHAD.
It is believed that ROHHAD originates from a combination of genetic and environmental or immunological factors. As of yet, evidence of its etiology has not been discovered and is not well understood.
In 2011, a case of monozygotic twins with divergent ROHHAD phenotypes was reported. One twin was affected with ROHHAD and developed symptoms, while the other twin developed normally. This report questioned the theory that ROHHAD is genetically inherited, and the authors suggest that the disease may have an autoimmune or epigenetic etiology.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of ROHHAD is not currently known or understood.
Diagnosis
Rapid obesity is the first symptom to arise between the ages of 1.5 and 11. This is typically followed by hypoventilation, which if left untreated, can result in fatal cardiorespiratory arrest. This is why early diagnosis has proven to be imperative for ROHHAD patients, and it has been suggested that ROHHAD be considered in every isolated case of early rapid-onset obesity. Early diagnosis is also vital in maintaining electrolyte and hormone balances caused by hypothalamic dysfunction in order to promote healthy development and prevent further problems.
As the symptoms of ROHHAD are so diverse and the condition is so rare, the disease is often misdiagnosed as Cushing's disease or Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome when it first presents in patients.
Prevention
As the cause of ROHHAD is unknown, there is no way to prevent onset of the disease.
Management
There is no known cure for ROHHAD, therefore treatment for the disease involves managing symptoms as they manifest in the patient. As not all ROHHAD patients develop the same symptoms, treatment plans vary between patients. Proper treatment of hypothalamic dysfunction and hypoventilation is the most critical aspect of ROHHAD management, as these symptoms have the greatest ability to cause death or behavioral problems if left uncontrolled.
Rapid onset obesity treatment
Attempting to control weight through diet and exercise can be exceedingly difficult in patients with ROHHAD due to a number of factors. Encouraging ROHHAD patients to exercise vigorously can be dangerous, as their breathing will not increase with exertion and this can cause hypoxia. Therefore, it is important for ROHHAD patients to exercise at a moderate intensity and for their oxygen levels to be monitored throughout. Typically, the obesity associated with ROHHAD is managed by preventing further weight gain as the child grows.
Hypothalamic dysfunction treatment
Treatment for hypothalamic dysfunction is tailored to each patient's needs, as there is no set of hypothalamic symptoms that all ROHHAD patients will manifest. All ROHHAD patients should be evaluated by a pediatric endocrinologist in order to determine a treatment plan for hypothalamic dysfunction.
Patients may be given human growth hormone to treat stunted growth, or hormone replacement to treat any hormone deficiencies. Often patients are placed on a strict fluid regimen to treat for imbalances such as hyponatremia or hypernatremia. Patients who present with diabetes insipidus may also be treated with desmopressin, a synthetic replacement for anti-diuretic hormone.
Hypoventilation treatment
Every ROHHAD patient requires some form of ventilatory support, ranging from non-invasive BiPAP machines to tracheostomy procedures. Approximately 50% of ROHHAD patients will require ventilatory support day and night, whereas the other half only require night-time support.
A bilevel positive airway pressure machine, or BiPAP, is a ventilator mask worn at night. The BiPAP pushes air into the lungs, therefore breathing for the patient. This is helpful for ROHHAD patients, as hypoventilation causes the mechanism that controls breathing in oxygen to slow and sometimes stop during sleep.
A tracheostomy is the result of a surgical procedure to create a hole in the trachea in order to give access to ventilatory tubing. This procedure is performed to create an airway in situations when long term continuous use of a ventilator is needed. ROHHAD patients whose hypoventilation is so severe that they require support during the day and night will often undergo tracheostomies.
Autonomic dysfunction treatment
Treatment for autonomic dysfunction varies greatly on the severity of the dysfunction and the type. Many patients with ROHHAD experience strabismus, which is a weakness in eye muscle causing a "cross-eyed" effect. This can be treated with glasses, eye muscle exercises, or even surgery. ROHHAD patients also often experience bradycardia, or low heart rate. This may require a cardiac pacemaker be placed in order to regulate heartbeat. Gastrointestinal problems, such as constipation or diarrhea, are often treated on an as-needed basis with laxatives or dietary changes. It is also important that ambient temperatures are monitored in patients who have temperature regulation issues such as hyperthermia or hypothermia.
Neuroendocrine tumor treatment
Tumors of neural crest origin develop in approximately 40% of patients. These are typically ganglioneuromas or ganglioneuroblastomas. Neural crest tumors have the ability to form in multiple organs tissues throughout the body, typically in the chest or abdomen. It is therefore important for ROHHAD patients to have regular MRI and CT scans to screen for tumor growth. It is believed that these tumors do not significantly affect the prognosis for ROHHAD patients. Neuroendocrine tumors can arise 7–16 years after the initial onset of symptoms, therefore the name ROHHADNET (which includes these tumors) has not been widely accepted as it is believed this name would lead to further misdiagnosis. Treatment for these neuroendocrine tumors requires surgical removal, typically performed by a pediatric oncologist.
Prognosis
The most dangerous and fatal aspect of ROHHAD is the potential for cardiopulmonary arrest if hypoventilation is not found and treated in a timely manner. Approximately 50 to 60% of ROHHAD patients die due to cardiopulmonary arrest. The earlier symptoms are identified and patients are diagnosed, the more positive their outcomes are.
It has been found that children who are diagnosed earlier in life and received treatment for hypoventilation and hypothalamic dysfunction (fluid imbalances, etc.) are less likely to develop behavioral issues or experience sudden cardiorespiratory arrest later in life.
Research
A group at Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago has an international repository for patients with ROHHAD, which is available to researchers who are interested in the disease.
As of June 2018, there are 3 clinical trials currently recruiting patients with ROHHAD being performed respectively at Lurie Children's Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, and Boston Children's Hospital.
Epidemiology
There have been at least 158 documented cases of ROHHAD worldwide.
History
ROHHAD was first described in 1965, and this was believed to be the first reported instance of hypoventilation presenting alongside hypothalamic dysfunction.
ROHHAD had often been mistaken for congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, until the distinction was made by Ize-Ludlow et al. in 2007. These conditions are now permanently differentiated from one other, as patients with CCHS have mutations in the PHOX2B gene, whereas ROHHAD patients do not.
Society and culture
The ROHHAD Association is an organization that aims to increase awareness for ROHHAD and promote research opportunities. They also organized fundraisers and events in order to give to researchers and promote visibility of ROHHAD. ROHHAD Fight Inc is a charity that was created for Marisa, a child who was diagnosed with ROHHAD, with the goal of raising awareness for the condition.
See also
Central hypoventilation syndrome
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Hypoventilation
Hypothalamus
Rare disease
References
Idiopathic diseases
Rare diseases
Endocrine diseases |
Clive Clay Inman (29 January 1936 – 7 December 2022) was a Sri Lankan cricketer who played first-class cricket for Ceylon from 1956 to 1966 and for Leicestershire from 1961 to 1971.
Cricket career
Inman attended St Peter's College, Colombo. He played for the school's senior cricket team for five seasons, and captained it to victory in the Battle of the Saints against St Joseph's College in his final season, 1954–55.
Inman made his first-class debut in 1956, representing Ceylon against India at the P Saravanamuttu Stadium. Although Inman didn't make an impact with the bat, he claimed the wicket of opener Nari Contractor. He would go on to play another 254 first-class matches but it would remain his only wicket.
A left-handed middle-order batsman, Inman made sporadic appearances for Ceylon in the Gopalan Trophy during the remainder of the decade before moving to England and joining his countryman Stanley Jayasinghe at Leicestershire. His first match for the English club came against the touring Australian side in 1961 when he contributed 30 and 45 not out. He had to wait until 1963 to make his County Championship debut and a few days later he scored his maiden first-class century against Cambridge University.
Inman was selected to tour England with the Ceylon team in 1968, but the tour was cancelled just before it was due to begin. He had his most prolific season in 1968, scoring 1735 runs at 36.91. Despite the high tally of runs he only scored one century that season. Only in his final county season, 1971, did he score four hundreds in a year. One of those came in his final ever first-class match, played against Northamptonshire at Grace Road.
Inman also played some List A cricket with Derbyshire in 1973.
In September 2018, he was one of 49 former Sri Lankan cricketers felicitated by Sri Lanka Cricket, to honour them for their services before Sri Lanka became a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC).
Personal life and death
Inman died in England on 7 December 2022, at the age of 86.
References
External links
1936 births
2022 deaths
Sri Lankan cricketers
All-Ceylon cricketers
Leicestershire cricketers
Derbyshire cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
Alumni of St. Peter's College, Colombo
A. E. R. Gilligan's XI cricketers
Cricketers from Colombo |
Breanna Noble "Breezy" Johnson (born January 19, 1996) is an American World Cup alpine ski racer on the U.S. Ski Team. She competes in the speed events of downhill and super-G.
Born in Jackson, Wyoming, Johnson grew up in nearby Victor, Idaho, and made her World Cup debut in December 2015. In her first World Cup season in 2017, she finished eighteenth in the downhill standings. At the World Cup finals in March at Aspen, Johnson crashed in the downhill and suffered a tibial plateau fracture to her left leg. Johnson quickly recovered from this injury and in the 2018 season she finished eleventh in the downhill standings and competed in the Winter Olympics, finishing seventh in the downhill and fourteenth in the super-G.
While training in Chile in September 2018, Johnson partially tore her right anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and missed the After returning to snow, she tore her left posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and medial collateral ligament (MCL) in her left knee in training in June 2019.
She returned to the World Cup circuit in January 2020 with a 25th in the downhill at Altenmarkt and consecutive top tens at Bansko. Her first World Cup podium came in December 2020 at a downhill in Val d'Isère, France.
She qualified to represent the United States at the 2022 Winter Olympics, but was injured and did not compete.
World Cup results
Season standings
^
Race podiums
7 podiums (7 DH); 18 top tens
World Championship results
Olympic results
Personal life
When turned 18, Johnson legally changed her first name from Breanna to Breezy, her long-time nickname which combines her given name and the word freezy. She came out as bisexual in 2022.
References
External links
Breezy Johnson at the U.S. Ski Team
Breezy Johnson at Jackson Hole Resort
1996 births
21st-century American women
Alpine skiers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
American female alpine skiers
American LGBT sportspeople
American bisexual people
Bisexual sportswomen
Living people
Olympic alpine skiers for the United States
People from Jackson, Wyoming
People from Teton County, Idaho
Sportspeople from Idaho |
William Robert Poehls (born November 27, 1991) is an American football offensive tackle who is currently a free agent. He played college football at Montana.
Early years
Attended Chandler (Ariz.) High School and earned three letters in both football and wrestling and was a team captain in both sports. Was a 5A first-team All-State and All-Region selection as a senior and All-Region as a junior. Had a record of 16-2 as a heavyweight wrestler his junior season. His good friends Donald Holy, Nathan Grimm, Michael Johnson and Tyler Johnson were his inspiration while playing flag football in a local recreation league.
College career
Poehls was a two-year starter at Montana who played in 45 career games with 27 starts. He played in a reserve role as a freshman and played in all 14 games and started in two as a sophomore. As a junior, he started in all 11 games at right guard. As a senior, started in all 13 games for the 10-3 Grizzlies at right guard and was a second-team All-Big Sky Conference selection. He majored in sociology at Montana.
Professional career
Tennessee Titans
The Tennessee Titans signed Poehls as a rookie free agent on May 16, 2014 to provide competition at the offensive tackle position. The 6-foot-8-inch, 334-pounder is a physical lineman who is capable of playing both tackle spots. The Montana product spent the entirety of his first two campaigns on the Titans’ practice squad. On September 2, 2016, Poehls was released by the Titans as part of final roster cuts.
Buffalo Bills
On September 19, 2016, Poehls was signed to the Bills' practice squad. He was released by the Bills on October 27, 2016.
Chicago Bears
On November 2, 2016, Poehls was signed to the Bears' practice squad. He signed a reserve/future contract with the Bears on January 3, 2017. He was waived on September 2, 2017.
Jacksonville Jaguars
On September 3, 2017, Poehls was claimed off waivers by the Jacksonville Jaguars.
On September 1, 2018, Poehls was waived by the Jaguars.
Indianapolis Colts
On December 31, 2018, Poehls signed a reserve/future contract with the Indianapolis Colts. He was waived on July 30, 2019.
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
On July 31, 2019, Poehls was claimed off waivers by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He was waived during final roster cuts on August 30, 2019.
References
External links
Jacksonville Jaguars bio
1991 births
Living people
Players of American football from Chandler, Arizona
American football offensive tackles
Montana Grizzlies football players
Tennessee Titans players
Buffalo Bills players
Chicago Bears players
Jacksonville Jaguars players
Indianapolis Colts players
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players |
"One Dream" is a song by Ernie Smith which was a No.1 hit in Jamaica. The song was covered as a single by Tommy McCook (1971) and again by Count Prince Miller (1971).
References
1971 songs |
An intransitive or non-transitive game is a term sometimes used for a (zero-sum) game in which pairwise competitions between the strategies contain a cycle. If strategy A beats strategy B, B beats C, and C beats A, then the binary relation "to beat" is intransitive, since transitivity would require that A beat C. The terms "transitive game" or "intransitive game" are not used in game theory, however.
A prototypical example of an intransitive game is the game rock, paper, scissors. In probabilistic games like Penney's game, the violation of transitivity results in a more subtle way, and is often presented as a probability paradox.
Examples
Rock, paper, scissors
Penney's game
Intransitive dice
Fire Emblem. The video game franchise that popularized intransitive cycles in unit weapons: Swords and Magic beats Axes and Bows, Axes and Bows beat Lances and Knives, and Lances and Knives beat Swords and magic
See also
Stochastic transitivity
References
Game theory game classes |
Jock Smith may refer to:
Fred Smith (footballer, born February 1926) (1926–2005), Scottish footballer
John Smith (footballer, born 1865) (1865–1911), Scottish footballer
John Smith (footballer, born 1898) (born 1898), Scottish footballer |
Henry Akubuiro is a Nigerian literary journalist, novelist and short story writer.
Early life and career
Akubuiro graduated from the Department of English and Literary Studies, Imo State University, Owerri in 2003. He began his journalism career as an undergraduate at the university, where he became the pioneer editor of The Elite—the student newspaper in Imo State University—and The Imo Star—the newspaper of the Student Union Government.
He won the 1998 BBC World Service Young Reporters' Competition and the National Essay Competition organised by the Federal Ministry of Youth and Sports.
And in 2005, he won the ANA Literary Journalist of the Year; while his unpublished juvenilia, Little Wizard of Okokomaiko, won the 2009 ANA/Lantern Prize for Fiction.
In 2016, he wrote Prodigals in Paradise, which was shortlisted for the 2016 ANA Prose Prize.
References
Nigerian editors
Living people
Nigerian journalists
Imo State University alumni
Igbo people
Nigerian writers
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Chen Wenbin may refer to:
Akira Chen (born 1969), Taiwanese actor and politician
Chen Wen-bin (born 1973), Taiwanese baseball player |
Mombo is one of the 20 wards of the Korogwe District, Tanga Region, Tanzania.
The streets of Mombo; Marembwe, Majengo Mapya, Majengo Kati ya Zamani, Machinjioni, Mawenzi, Fune, Mawasiliano, Nyuma ya Bank, Mwisho wa Shamba, Ndulu A, Ndulu B, JBG, Masimbani, Mafuriko, Hospital, Misajini, Jitengeni, Minarani, Makorakanga, Becco, Stesheni, Sandali
Populated places in Tanga Region
References |
The core discography of supergroup Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young consists of eight studio albums, five live albums, six compilation albums, four video albums, and 19 singles. Originally formed in 1968, the group released one album as the trio Crosby, Stills & Nash before recruiting Neil Young into the band for their first concerts in 1969. Of the band's eight studio albums, three have also included Young; and of the group's numerous tours, the quartet configuration has made concert tours in 1969, 1970, 1974, 2000, 2002, and 2006.
The group's second album, Déjà Vu, remains the group's most successful album, selling over eight million copies. All of the group members were songwriters with some of their biggest hits—"Suite: Judy Blue Eyes", "Teach Your Children", and "Ohio"—being written by Stills, Nash, and Young respectively. The group has also recorded songs by other writers, such as the hit single "Woodstock" written by Joni Mitchell. All members pursued careers independent of the group. As solo artists, Crosby and Nash have each earned one gold record, Stills has three, the pair of Crosby and Nash also three, and a one-time pair of Stills and Young has one, whilst Young has multiple gold and platinum albums in his discography. The trio configuration has sold around 13 million albums, while the quartet has sold around 20 million. Combined sales of the group including solo, duo, trio and quartet versions is over 70 million.
Albums
Studio albums
Live albums
Compilation albums
Soundtrack appearances
Singles
Guest singles
Videos
Video albums
Music videos
Other appearances
Notes
References
External links
Discographies of American artists
Discographies of Canadian artists
Folk music discographies
Rock music group discographies
Discography |
Marguerite Frédérique Charlaix (1883-1939) was a French painter from the École de Lyon who specialised in landscapes and still lifes. She was the daughter of painter Léon Charlaix.
Charlaix moved to Lyon in 1900 to study with Jean-Louis Loubet (1841-1903), the painter, enamelist and sculptor Robert Barriot (1898-1970) and painter Pierre Bonnaud (1865-1930).
She exhibited at the Société Lyonnaise de Beaux-Arts. In 1902 she was a founding member of the Salon d'automne de Lyon where she became an exhibitor too. In 1904 she started exhibiting at the Société des Artistes Indépendants, and in 1921 at the Salon d'Automne, in Paris. In 1933 she sent her works to the Salon du Sud-Est.
In 1932 she illustrated "La masque de Lyon" by Cabanes. In 1937 "Dame Loyse, la Belle Cordière" by Joseph Trillat.
When she died in 1939 a rare book titled "12 bois gravés de Frédérique Charlaix" was published. It includes an introduction by Henri Focillon (1888-1943), an art historian who was the director of the Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon.
Notes
Sources
Elisabeth Hardouin-Fugier, Etienne Grafe: "La peinture lyonnaise au XIXe siècle", Editions de l'amateur, 1995, p. 297
Bernard Gouttenoire: "Dictionnaire des peintres & sculpteurs à Lyon aux XIXe & XXe siècles", Ed. la Taillanderie, 2000
"Nouvelles de l'estampe", Issues 185-190, Comité national de la gravure française, 2003, pp 58 & 59
Yvanohé Rambosson, Frédérique Charlaix: catalogue of "Le Salon d'automne, Artistes lyonnais, 1926, Palais Municipal des Expositions, Quai de Bondy", Société du Salon d'automne, 1926
Frédéric Dard: "Reportage sur le XVème Salon du Sud-Est"
1883 births
1939 deaths
Artists from Saint-Étienne
20th-century French painters
20th-century French women artists |
Allegations of apartheid have been made about various countries.
China
The privileging of the Han people in ethnic minority areas outside of China proper, such as the Uyghur-majority Xinjiang and the central government's policy of settlement in Tibet, and the alleged erosion of indigenous religion, language and culture through repressive measures (such as the Han Bingtuan militia in Xinjiang) and sinicization have been likened to "cultural genocide" and apartheid by some activists. With regards to Chinese settlements in Tibet, in 1991 the Dalai Lama declared:
The new Chinese settlers have created an alternate society: a Chinese apartheid which, denying Tibetans equal social and economic status in our own land, threatens to finally overwhelm and absorb us.
Additionally, the traditional residential system of hukou has been likened to apartheid due to its classification of 'rural' and 'urban' residency status, and is sometimes likened to a form of caste system. In recent years, the system has undergone reform, with an expansion of urban residency permits in order to accommodate more migrant workers.
Iran
Iran has been compared for having behaviour like a religious segregation or sex segregation in Iran apartheid by different parties.
Israel
Malaysia
Due to the concept of Ketuanan Melayu enshrined in the country's constitution, which directly translates to "Malay Supremacy", as well as Bumiputera, Malaysia's structural institutions has been noted by many opposition groups, government critics and human rights observers as being analogous to apartheid in various forms. This has been noted specifically against its citizens who are of ethnic Chinese and Indian descent, as well as other various minorities. In Malaysia, a citizen that is not considered to be bumiputera face many roadblocks and discrimination in matters such as economic freedom, education, healthcare and housing, leading to a de facto second-class citizen status. Malaysia is also not a signatory of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD), one of the only few countries in the world not to do so. A possible ratification in 2018 led to an anti-ICERD mass rally by Malay supremacists at the country's capital to prevent it, threatening a racial conflict if it does happen.
Examples include in education, whereby the country's pre-university matriculation programmes specifically has a 90:10 admissions quota that favours bumiputera students, despite bumiputeras already making up a majority in the country. In addition, government-funded public universities such as Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) exclusively only permits bumiputera citizens as students. In addition, the ownership of land significantly differs between citizens depending on race. For example, numerous plots of land throughout the country, a significant factor needed for housing, are usually reserved only for either bumiputeras and Malays, also known as Bumiputera Lot or Malay Reserved Land (MRL). MRL's are specifically available only for Malays, with even non-Malay bumiputeras not eligible.
In 2006, prominent activist Marina Mahathir described the status of Muslim women in Malaysia as gender apartheid and similar to that of the apartheid system in South Africa. Mahathir's remarks were made in response to a new Islamic law that enables men to divorce or take up to four wives. The law also granted husbands more authority over their wives' property. In response, Conservative groups such as the Malaysian Muslim Professionals Forum (MMPF) criticized her comments for insulting Sharia law. In 2009, politician Boo Cheng Hau compared "bumiputeraism" with state apartheid; as a result Boo faced intense criticisms and death threats by the governing United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), which is a part of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition. He was also called into questioning by the Royal Malaysia Police (RMP). In 2015, human rights activist Shafiqah Othman Hamzah also noted that the practice of apartheid policies against different religions in Malaysia is institutionalised and widespread, adding that "What we are living in Malaysia is almost no different from apartheid." In 2021, a group of Malaysian women launched a class-action lawsuit against the government over outdated citizenship laws, which risks trapping women in abusive relationships and can leave children stateless.
Such policies have also caused significant rates of human capital flight or brain drain from Malaysia. A study by Stanford University highlighted that among the main factors behind the Malaysian brain drain include social injustice. It stated that the high rates of emigration of non-bumiputera Malaysians from the country is driven by discriminatory policies that appear to favour Malays/Bumiputeras—such as providing exclusive additional assistance in starting businesses and educational opportunities.
Myanmar
Since Myanmar's transition to relative democratic rule beginning in 2010, the government's response to the Rohingya genocide has been widely condemned, and has been described as an ethnic cleansing by the United Nations, ICC officials, and other governments.
Myanmar's current policies towards the Rohingya population include ethnic segregation, limited access to resources (comparable to the bantustan system), a lack of civil rights, ID card and special permit systems without any guarantee of citizenship (akin to the pass laws), restrictions on movement, and even institutionalized racial definitions, with the Rohingya being officially labelled as "Bengali races". In 2017, Amnesty International issued a report accusing Myanmar of committing the crime of apartheid against the Rohingya. Additionally, the UN has explicitly condemned Myanmar over creating an apartheid state, threatening to withdraw aid from the country.
North Korea
In an anonymous News24 opinion piece, the African National Congress Youth League was criticized for its praise of former North Korean leader Kim Jong-il after his death (the North Koreans provided support to the African National Congress and other anti-apartheid movements). Parallels were made between North Korea and apartheid South Africa, including institutionalized ideas of racial purity, the heavy restrictions on letting foreign citizens live in the country, and the living conditions in North Korea outside of Pyongyang being compared to South Africa's bantustan system. Other points of comparison have included the songbun system being equivalent to the Population Registration Act, both states having developed nuclear weapons for self-defense purposes, international isolation, and the proliferation of race myths in national history.
Nigeria
Nigerian Vice President Yemi Osinbajo criticized the country's practice of denying economic and educational opportunities to citizens based on their ethnic or ancestral origin, comparing it to apartheid.
Qatar
Several human rights groups have compared Qatar's discriminatory treatment of the migrant workers that make up 90% of its population to apartheid.
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia's treatment of religious minorities has been described by both Saudis and non-Saudis as "apartheid" and "religious apartheid".
Alan Dershowitz wrote in 2002, "in Saudi Arabia apartheid is practiced against non-Muslims, with signs indicating that Muslims must go to certain areas and non-Muslims to others."
In 2003, Amir Taheri quoted a Shi'ite businessman from Dhahran as saying "It is not normal that there are no Shi'ite army officers, ministers, governors, mayors and ambassadors in this kingdom. This form of religious apartheid is as intolerable as was apartheid based on race."
Testifying before the U.S. Congressional Human Rights Caucus on 4 June 2002, in a briefing entitled "Human Rights in Saudi Arabia: The Role of Women", Ali Al-Ahmed, Director of the Saudi Institute, stated:
Saudi Arabia is a glaring example of religious apartheid. The religious institutions from government clerics to judges, to religious curricula, and all religious instructions in media are restricted to the Wahhabi understanding of Islam, adhered to by less than 40% of the population. The Saudi government communized Islam, through its monopoly of both religious thoughts and practice. Wahhabi Islam is imposed and enforced on all Saudis regardless of their religious orientations. The Wahhabi sect does not tolerate other religious or ideological beliefs, Muslim or not. Religious symbols by Muslims, Christians, Jews and other believers are all banned. The Saudi embassy in Washington is a living example of religious apartheid. In its 50 years, there has not been a single non-Sunni Muslim diplomat in the embassy. The branch of Imam Mohamed Bin Saud University in Fairfax, Virginia instructs its students that Shia Islam is a Jewish conspiracy.
On 14 December 2005, Republican Representative Ileana Ros-Lehtinen and Democratic Representative Shelley Berkley introduced a bill in Congress urging American divestiture from Saudi Arabia, and giving as its rationale (among other things) "Saudi Arabia is a country that practices religious apartheid and continuously subjugates its citizenry, both Muslim and non-Muslim, to a specific interpretation of Islam." Freedom House showed on its website, on a page tiled "Religious apartheid in Saudi Arabia", a picture of a sign showing Muslim-only and non-Muslim roads.
South Africa
The name of the crime comes from a system of racial segregation in South Africa enforced through legislation by the National Party (NP), the governing party from 1948 to 1994. Under apartheid, the rights, associations, and movements of the majority black inhabitants and other ethnic groups were curtailed, and white minority rule was maintained. Notably, South Africa's post-apartheid Constitution does not mention or prohibit the crime of apartheid.
Sudan
In early 1991, non-Arabs of the Zaghawa tribe of Sudan attested that they were victims of an intensifying Arab apartheid campaign, segregating Arabs and non-Arabs. Sudanese Arabs, who controlled the government, were widely referred to as practicing apartheid against Sudan's non-Arab citizens. The government was accused of "deftly manipulat(ing) Arab solidarity" to carry out policies of apartheid and ethnic cleansing.
American University economist George Ayittey accused the Arab government of Sudan of practicing acts of racism against black citizens. According to Ayittey, "In Sudan... the Arabs monopolized power and excluded blacks – Arab apartheid." Many African commentators joined Ayittey in accusing Sudan of practising Arab apartheid.
Alan Dershowitz labeled Sudan an example of a government that "actually deserve(s)" the appellation "apartheid". Former Canadian Minister of Justice Irwin Cotler echoed the accusation.
United States
Some observers have described the United States as an apartheid state based on examples of systemic oppression against African Americans, Native Americans, and other people of color.
A 1994 paper on "The Legacy of American Apartheid and Environmental Racism" by scholar Robert Bullard described housing discrimination, residential segregation, and differential exposure to air pollution as evidence of ongoing "Apartheid American Style". Michelle Alexander has referred to the country's disproportionate incarceration of African Americans as "a form of apartheid unlike any the world has ever seen," since it puts the victims behind bars rather than "merely shunting black people to the other side of town or corralling them in ghettos."
Historian Nick Estes has referred to the United States' history of pushing Indigenous nations onto smaller and smaller reservations as comprising "a new spatial arrangement of apartheid." Journalist Stephanie Woodard argues that the term "apartheid" is "an apt description of the relationship between the United States and its first peoples ... If a tribe wants to build a housing development or protect a sacred site, if a tribal member wants to start a business or plant a field, a federal agency can modify or scuttle the plans. Conversely, if a corporation or other outside interest covets reservation land or resources, the federal government becomes an obsequious bondservant, helping the non-Native entity get what it wants at bargain-basement prices."
Legal scholar Steven Newcomb has argued that, since the Supreme Court decided Johnson v. McIntosh in 1823, federal law has officially endorsed "a doctrine of Christian dominion over the American Indian." The decision, which has never been overturned, established a "doctrine of discovery" that gave Europeans full sovereignty over land that had been inhabited by Indigenous people. Newcomb asserts that the decision's author John Marshall applied a "double standard" by denying sovereignty rights to the prior and original discoverers. Based on the decision's reference to the discovery rights of "Christian people" and on the account of Marshall's Supreme Court colleague Joseph Story, Newcomb establishes that the Johnson decision is based in Christian law, specifically the 1493 papal bull Inter caetera. Newcomb concludes that the doctrine of discovery violates federal law's separation of church and state.
References
Apartheid |
Ghatal subdivision is an administrative subdivision of Paschim Medinipur district in the state of West Bengal, India.
Subdivisions
Paschim Medinipur district is divided into the following administrative subdivisions, after separation of Jhargram subdivision from the district in 2017:
Ghatal subdivision has a density of population of 1,099 per km2. 21.93% of the total population of the district resides in this subdivision.
Administrative units
Ghatal subdivision has 3 police stations, 5 community development blocks, 5 panchayat samitis, 48 gram panchayats, 656 mouzas, 630 inhabited villages and 5 municipalities. The municipalities are: Chandrakona, Khirpai, Ramjibanpur, Ghatal and Kharar. The subdivision has its headquarters at Ghatal.
Police stations
Police stations in Ghatal subdivision have the following features and jurisdiction:
Gram panchayats
The subdivision contains 48 gram panchayats under 5 community development blocks:
Chandrakona I block: Jara, Mangrul, Monoharpur–I, Lakshmipur, Manikkundu and Monoharpur–II.
Chandrakona II block: Bandipur–I, Basanchora, Bhagabantapur–II, Bandipur–II, Bhagabantapur–I and Kuapur.
Daspur I block: Basudevpur, Nandanpur–I, Panchberia, Sarberia–II, Daspur–I, Nandanpur–II, Rajnagar, Daspur–II, Niz Narajol and Sarberia–I.
Daspur II block: Benai, Goura, Kheput Dakshnibarh, Ranichak, Chaipat, Jyotghanashyam, Khukurdaha, Sahachak, Dudhkomra, Kamalpur, Nishchintapur, Gochhati, Khanjapur and Palashpai.
Ghatal block: Ajabnagar–I, Dewanchak–I, Mansuka–I, Monoharpur–I, Ajabnagar–II, Dewanchak–II, Mansuka–II, Monoharpur–II, Beersingha, Irhpala, Mohanpur and Sultanpur.
Blocks
Community development blocks in Ghatal subdivision are:
Education
Paschim Medinipur district had a literacy rate of 78.00% as per the provisional figures of the census of India 2011. Medinipur Sadar subdivision had a literacy rate of 76.23%, Kharagpur subdivision 80.51% and Ghatal subdivision 82.55%.
Given in the table below (data in numbers) is a subdivision-wise comprehensive picture of the education scenario in Paschim Medinipur district, after separation of Jhargram subdivision, for the year 2013-14.
Note: Primary schools include junior basic schools; middle schools, high schools and higher secondary schools include madrasahs; technical schools include junior technical schools, junior government polytechnics, industrial technical institutes, industrial training centres, nursing training institutes etc.; technical and professional colleges include engineering colleges, medical colleges, para-medical institutes, management colleges, teachers training and nursing training colleges, law colleges, art colleges, music colleges etc. Special and non-formal education centres include sishu siksha kendras, madhyamik siksha kendras, adult high schools, centres of Rabindra mukta vidyalaya, recognised Sanskrit tols, institutions for the blind and other handicapped persons, Anganwadi centres, reformatory schools etc.
The following institutions are located in Ghatal subdivision:
Chandrakona Vidyasagar Mahavidyalaya at Chandrakona was established in 1985.
Institute of Science and Technology at Dhurbila, Dhamkuria, Chandrakona, near Prayag Film City, a private engineering and management college, was established in 2006.
Narajole Raj College at Narajole was established in 1966.
Chaipat Saheed Pradyot Bhattacharya Mahavidyalaya at Chaipat was established in 2007.
Ghatal Government Polytechnic
Healthcare
The table below (all data in numbers) presents an overview of the subdivision-wise medical facilities available and patients treated, after the separation of Jhargram, in the hospitals, health centres and sub-centres in 2014 in Paschim Medinipur district.
Excluding nursing homes
Medical facilities
Medical facilities in the Ghatal subdivision are as follows:
Hospitals: (Name, location, beds)
Ghatal Subdivisional Hospital, Ghatal (M), 200 beds
Rural hospitals: (Name, CD block, location, beds)
Khirpai Rural Hospital, Chandrakona I CD block, Khirpai, 30 beds
Chandrakona Rural Hospital, Chandrakona II CD block, Chandrakona, 60 beds
Daspur Rural Hospital, Daspur I CD block, Daspur, 30 beds
Sonakhali Rural Hospital, Daspur II CD block, Sonakhali, 30 beds
Block primary health centres: (Name, CD block, location, beds)
Viidyasagar Block Primary Health Centre, Ghatal CD block, Birsingha, 10 beds
Primary health centres : (CD block-wise)(CD block, PHC location, beds)
Chandrakona I CD block: Ramjibanpur (10), Ramkrishnapur (PO Tatarpara) (10), Mangrul (PO Goaldanga Mangrul) (10), Dingal (PO Dingal-Kumargeria) (10), Jara (2)
Chandrrakona II CD block: Basanchora (PO Chhatraganj) (10), Bhagabantapur (4),
Ghatal CD block: Khasbarh (6), Natuk (10),
Daspur I: Makrampur (PO Choto Makrampur) (4), Narajole (10), Sekenday (2)
Daspur II: Khukurda (10), Nischintapur (6), Chaipat (6)
Electoral constituencies
Lok Sabha (parliamentary) and Vidhan Sabha (state assembly) constituencies in Paschim Medinipur district were as follows from 2006:
References
Subdivisions of West Bengal
Subdivisions in Paschim Medinipur district
Paschim Medinipur district |
Bischwihr (; ) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
See also
Communes of the Haut-Rhin department
References
Communes of Haut-Rhin |
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