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Tønsberg og Omegn Ishockeyklubb is an ice hockey club based in Tønsberg, Norway. The team's colours are red and white; and home games are played at Tønsberg Ishall. The club has mostly competed in the two highest tiers of Norwegian hockey. The elite level of the team is occasionally known as Tønsberg Vikings. The club experienced economic difficulties during the summer of 2016. The team was moved down a division in August 2016, but was promoted again the following season.
History
Tønsberg og Omegn Ishockeyklubb was founded on 4 April 1963. For most of its history, the club competed in the lower divisions of Norwegian ice hockey, never reaching beyond the third tier.
In 2002, the club set itself the goal of becoming an established team in the 1. divisjon by 2006. For many years, Tønsberg had focused on developing youth players; with the first team at the time languishing in the 3. divisjon, these players invariably moved elsewhere upon reaching a certain age.
Canadian Dave Flanders was hired as head coach ahead of the 2002–03 season, and would also play for the team. It took three games for the Vikings to record their first win, and the campaign was dealt a decisive blow four rounds from the end of the season when they lost 5–6 to Holmen. Tønsberg eventually finished in sixth place with 14 points from as many games. Flanders stepped down after the season; his successor as player-coach, Lars Oddvard Fjeldvang, later maintained that the Canadian had gotten the most out of a mediocre team.
Fjeldvang coached the Vikings during the 2003–04 season. He succeeded where Flanders had not, largely due to a better roster. The team recorded a run of 11–2–2 to finish on 24 points; enough to claim first place and a historic promotion to the 2. divisjon.
During the off-season, the club formed a limited company to manage commercial activities and improve finances. Morten Sandø, a member of the team since 2002, was appointed player-coach and later also head of marketing. Three experienced players were brought in to reinforce the team ahead of its first outing in the 2. divisjon. By mid-season, half that team had been lost to injury, transfer or other, forcing the management to rely on junior team members to fill the roster. At the cost of the junior team's performance, the first team eventually finished fifth.
In the following seasons, the Vikings struggled at the bottom of the standings. Despite having advanced to the third tier of the league system, the club continued to lose its most talented young players. The lack of a regional ice hockey academy meant that national youth team players from Tønsberg were still moving to Bærum or Oslo when they entered high school. From 2006 to 2008, the club did not have enough eligible players for a separate junior team. In his second and final season as head coach, Sandø also criticized the team's inability to adopt a proper training culture. For the 2006–07 season, Sandø handed over the reins to Jimmy Svensson, who failed to make an impact.
With the appointment of Andreas Toft as head coach in 2007, a concerted effort began to lift the club up to a higher level, both on and off the ice. As the club's first full-time head coach, Toft was inexperienced at only 25 years of age, but had achieved positive results with Jutul's juniors from 2005 to 2007. By the 2008–09 season, a more robust management was in place to support him, and which succeeded in bringing several former junior team members back to the club, as well as signing the former Czech professional Jiri Jantovsky. A successful campaign ensued, in which the Vikings won the 2. divisjon—and promotion—with a 16–1–1 record.
In 2012, the club qualified for the GET-ligaen for the first time in club history, and managed to stay there for the two following seasons. Due to the struggling economy, the board of the Tønsberg Vikings asked that the team be moved down one division before the 2014-15 season.
On 16 August 2016, Tønsberg Vikings announced that its elite department would cease operations. A new senior section was established on the third tier, and it achieved promotion the season after.
Season-by-season record
This is a partial list of the last five seasons completed by the Tønsberg Vikings. For the full season-by-season history, see List of Tønsberg Vikings seasons.
1Due to struggling economy, the board of the Tønsberg Vikings asked that the team was to be moved down one division. The vacant spot was given to Kongsvinger Knights.
2Due to struggling economy, the board of the Tønsberg Vikings asked that the team was to be moved down one division. The vacant spot was given to Gjøvik Hockey.
References
External links
Ice hockey clubs established in 1963
Ice hockey teams in Norway
1963 establishments in Norway
Tønsberg |
```c++
/*
*
* Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
* that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
* tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
* in the file PATENTS. All contributing project authors may
* be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
*/
#include "libyuv/scale.h"
#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "libyuv/cpu_id.h"
#include "libyuv/planar_functions.h" // For CopyPlane
#include "libyuv/row.h"
#include "libyuv/scale_row.h"
#ifdef __cplusplus
namespace libyuv {
extern "C" {
#endif
static __inline int Abs(int v) {
return v >= 0 ? v : -v;
}
#define SUBSAMPLE(v, a, s) (v < 0) ? (-((-v + a) >> s)) : ((v + a) >> s)
// Scale plane, 1/2
// This is an optimized version for scaling down a plane to 1/2 of
// its original size.
static void ScalePlaneDown2(int src_width,
int src_height,
int dst_width,
int dst_height,
int src_stride,
int dst_stride,
const uint8* src_ptr,
uint8* dst_ptr,
enum FilterMode filtering) {
int y;
void (*ScaleRowDown2)(const uint8* src_ptr, ptrdiff_t src_stride,
uint8* dst_ptr, int dst_width) =
filtering == kFilterNone
? ScaleRowDown2_C
: (filtering == kFilterLinear ? ScaleRowDown2Linear_C
: ScaleRowDown2Box_C);
int row_stride = src_stride << 1;
(void)src_width;
(void)src_height;
if (!filtering) {
src_ptr += src_stride; // Point to odd rows.
src_stride = 0;
}
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN2_NEON)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasNEON)) {
ScaleRowDown2 =
filtering == kFilterNone
? ScaleRowDown2_Any_NEON
: (filtering == kFilterLinear ? ScaleRowDown2Linear_Any_NEON
: ScaleRowDown2Box_Any_NEON);
if (IS_ALIGNED(dst_width, 16)) {
ScaleRowDown2 = filtering == kFilterNone ? ScaleRowDown2_NEON
: (filtering == kFilterLinear
? ScaleRowDown2Linear_NEON
: ScaleRowDown2Box_NEON);
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN2_SSSE3)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasSSSE3)) {
ScaleRowDown2 =
filtering == kFilterNone
? ScaleRowDown2_Any_SSSE3
: (filtering == kFilterLinear ? ScaleRowDown2Linear_Any_SSSE3
: ScaleRowDown2Box_Any_SSSE3);
if (IS_ALIGNED(dst_width, 16)) {
ScaleRowDown2 =
filtering == kFilterNone
? ScaleRowDown2_SSSE3
: (filtering == kFilterLinear ? ScaleRowDown2Linear_SSSE3
: ScaleRowDown2Box_SSSE3);
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN2_AVX2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasAVX2)) {
ScaleRowDown2 =
filtering == kFilterNone
? ScaleRowDown2_Any_AVX2
: (filtering == kFilterLinear ? ScaleRowDown2Linear_Any_AVX2
: ScaleRowDown2Box_Any_AVX2);
if (IS_ALIGNED(dst_width, 32)) {
ScaleRowDown2 = filtering == kFilterNone ? ScaleRowDown2_AVX2
: (filtering == kFilterLinear
? ScaleRowDown2Linear_AVX2
: ScaleRowDown2Box_AVX2);
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN2_DSPR2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasDSPR2) && IS_ALIGNED(src_ptr, 4) &&
IS_ALIGNED(src_stride, 4) && IS_ALIGNED(row_stride, 4) &&
IS_ALIGNED(dst_ptr, 4) && IS_ALIGNED(dst_stride, 4)) {
ScaleRowDown2 = filtering ? ScaleRowDown2Box_DSPR2 : ScaleRowDown2_DSPR2;
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN2_MSA)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasMSA)) {
ScaleRowDown2 =
filtering == kFilterNone
? ScaleRowDown2_Any_MSA
: (filtering == kFilterLinear ? ScaleRowDown2Linear_Any_MSA
: ScaleRowDown2Box_Any_MSA);
if (IS_ALIGNED(dst_width, 32)) {
ScaleRowDown2 = filtering == kFilterNone ? ScaleRowDown2_MSA
: (filtering == kFilterLinear
? ScaleRowDown2Linear_MSA
: ScaleRowDown2Box_MSA);
}
}
#endif
if (filtering == kFilterLinear) {
src_stride = 0;
}
// TODO(fbarchard): Loop through source height to allow odd height.
for (y = 0; y < dst_height; ++y) {
ScaleRowDown2(src_ptr, src_stride, dst_ptr, dst_width);
src_ptr += row_stride;
dst_ptr += dst_stride;
}
}
static void ScalePlaneDown2_16(int src_width,
int src_height,
int dst_width,
int dst_height,
int src_stride,
int dst_stride,
const uint16* src_ptr,
uint16* dst_ptr,
enum FilterMode filtering) {
int y;
void (*ScaleRowDown2)(const uint16* src_ptr, ptrdiff_t src_stride,
uint16* dst_ptr, int dst_width) =
filtering == kFilterNone
? ScaleRowDown2_16_C
: (filtering == kFilterLinear ? ScaleRowDown2Linear_16_C
: ScaleRowDown2Box_16_C);
int row_stride = src_stride << 1;
(void)src_width;
(void)src_height;
if (!filtering) {
src_ptr += src_stride; // Point to odd rows.
src_stride = 0;
}
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN2_16_NEON)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasNEON) && IS_ALIGNED(dst_width, 16)) {
ScaleRowDown2 =
filtering ? ScaleRowDown2Box_16_NEON : ScaleRowDown2_16_NEON;
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN2_16_SSE2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasSSE2) && IS_ALIGNED(dst_width, 16)) {
ScaleRowDown2 =
filtering == kFilterNone
? ScaleRowDown2_16_SSE2
: (filtering == kFilterLinear ? ScaleRowDown2Linear_16_SSE2
: ScaleRowDown2Box_16_SSE2);
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN2_16_DSPR2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasDSPR2) && IS_ALIGNED(src_ptr, 4) &&
IS_ALIGNED(src_stride, 4) && IS_ALIGNED(row_stride, 4) &&
IS_ALIGNED(dst_ptr, 4) && IS_ALIGNED(dst_stride, 4)) {
ScaleRowDown2 =
filtering ? ScaleRowDown2Box_16_DSPR2 : ScaleRowDown2_16_DSPR2;
}
#endif
if (filtering == kFilterLinear) {
src_stride = 0;
}
// TODO(fbarchard): Loop through source height to allow odd height.
for (y = 0; y < dst_height; ++y) {
ScaleRowDown2(src_ptr, src_stride, dst_ptr, dst_width);
src_ptr += row_stride;
dst_ptr += dst_stride;
}
}
// Scale plane, 1/4
// This is an optimized version for scaling down a plane to 1/4 of
// its original size.
static void ScalePlaneDown4(int src_width,
int src_height,
int dst_width,
int dst_height,
int src_stride,
int dst_stride,
const uint8* src_ptr,
uint8* dst_ptr,
enum FilterMode filtering) {
int y;
void (*ScaleRowDown4)(const uint8* src_ptr, ptrdiff_t src_stride,
uint8* dst_ptr, int dst_width) =
filtering ? ScaleRowDown4Box_C : ScaleRowDown4_C;
int row_stride = src_stride << 2;
(void)src_width;
(void)src_height;
if (!filtering) {
src_ptr += src_stride * 2; // Point to row 2.
src_stride = 0;
}
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN4_NEON)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasNEON)) {
ScaleRowDown4 =
filtering ? ScaleRowDown4Box_Any_NEON : ScaleRowDown4_Any_NEON;
if (IS_ALIGNED(dst_width, 8)) {
ScaleRowDown4 = filtering ? ScaleRowDown4Box_NEON : ScaleRowDown4_NEON;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN4_SSSE3)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasSSSE3)) {
ScaleRowDown4 =
filtering ? ScaleRowDown4Box_Any_SSSE3 : ScaleRowDown4_Any_SSSE3;
if (IS_ALIGNED(dst_width, 8)) {
ScaleRowDown4 = filtering ? ScaleRowDown4Box_SSSE3 : ScaleRowDown4_SSSE3;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN4_AVX2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasAVX2)) {
ScaleRowDown4 =
filtering ? ScaleRowDown4Box_Any_AVX2 : ScaleRowDown4_Any_AVX2;
if (IS_ALIGNED(dst_width, 16)) {
ScaleRowDown4 = filtering ? ScaleRowDown4Box_AVX2 : ScaleRowDown4_AVX2;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN4_DSPR2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasDSPR2) && IS_ALIGNED(row_stride, 4) &&
IS_ALIGNED(src_ptr, 4) && IS_ALIGNED(src_stride, 4) &&
IS_ALIGNED(dst_ptr, 4) && IS_ALIGNED(dst_stride, 4)) {
ScaleRowDown4 = filtering ? ScaleRowDown4Box_DSPR2 : ScaleRowDown4_DSPR2;
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN4_MSA)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasMSA)) {
ScaleRowDown4 =
filtering ? ScaleRowDown4Box_Any_MSA : ScaleRowDown4_Any_MSA;
if (IS_ALIGNED(dst_width, 16)) {
ScaleRowDown4 = filtering ? ScaleRowDown4Box_MSA : ScaleRowDown4_MSA;
}
}
#endif
if (filtering == kFilterLinear) {
src_stride = 0;
}
for (y = 0; y < dst_height; ++y) {
ScaleRowDown4(src_ptr, src_stride, dst_ptr, dst_width);
src_ptr += row_stride;
dst_ptr += dst_stride;
}
}
static void ScalePlaneDown4_16(int src_width,
int src_height,
int dst_width,
int dst_height,
int src_stride,
int dst_stride,
const uint16* src_ptr,
uint16* dst_ptr,
enum FilterMode filtering) {
int y;
void (*ScaleRowDown4)(const uint16* src_ptr, ptrdiff_t src_stride,
uint16* dst_ptr, int dst_width) =
filtering ? ScaleRowDown4Box_16_C : ScaleRowDown4_16_C;
int row_stride = src_stride << 2;
(void)src_width;
(void)src_height;
if (!filtering) {
src_ptr += src_stride * 2; // Point to row 2.
src_stride = 0;
}
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN4_16_NEON)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasNEON) && IS_ALIGNED(dst_width, 8)) {
ScaleRowDown4 =
filtering ? ScaleRowDown4Box_16_NEON : ScaleRowDown4_16_NEON;
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN4_16_SSE2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasSSE2) && IS_ALIGNED(dst_width, 8)) {
ScaleRowDown4 =
filtering ? ScaleRowDown4Box_16_SSE2 : ScaleRowDown4_16_SSE2;
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN4_16_DSPR2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasDSPR2) && IS_ALIGNED(row_stride, 4) &&
IS_ALIGNED(src_ptr, 4) && IS_ALIGNED(src_stride, 4) &&
IS_ALIGNED(dst_ptr, 4) && IS_ALIGNED(dst_stride, 4)) {
ScaleRowDown4 =
filtering ? ScaleRowDown4Box_16_DSPR2 : ScaleRowDown4_16_DSPR2;
}
#endif
if (filtering == kFilterLinear) {
src_stride = 0;
}
for (y = 0; y < dst_height; ++y) {
ScaleRowDown4(src_ptr, src_stride, dst_ptr, dst_width);
src_ptr += row_stride;
dst_ptr += dst_stride;
}
}
// Scale plane down, 3/4
static void ScalePlaneDown34(int src_width,
int src_height,
int dst_width,
int dst_height,
int src_stride,
int dst_stride,
const uint8* src_ptr,
uint8* dst_ptr,
enum FilterMode filtering) {
int y;
void (*ScaleRowDown34_0)(const uint8* src_ptr, ptrdiff_t src_stride,
uint8* dst_ptr, int dst_width);
void (*ScaleRowDown34_1)(const uint8* src_ptr, ptrdiff_t src_stride,
uint8* dst_ptr, int dst_width);
const int filter_stride = (filtering == kFilterLinear) ? 0 : src_stride;
(void)src_width;
(void)src_height;
assert(dst_width % 3 == 0);
if (!filtering) {
ScaleRowDown34_0 = ScaleRowDown34_C;
ScaleRowDown34_1 = ScaleRowDown34_C;
} else {
ScaleRowDown34_0 = ScaleRowDown34_0_Box_C;
ScaleRowDown34_1 = ScaleRowDown34_1_Box_C;
}
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN34_NEON)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasNEON)) {
if (!filtering) {
ScaleRowDown34_0 = ScaleRowDown34_Any_NEON;
ScaleRowDown34_1 = ScaleRowDown34_Any_NEON;
} else {
ScaleRowDown34_0 = ScaleRowDown34_0_Box_Any_NEON;
ScaleRowDown34_1 = ScaleRowDown34_1_Box_Any_NEON;
}
if (dst_width % 24 == 0) {
if (!filtering) {
ScaleRowDown34_0 = ScaleRowDown34_NEON;
ScaleRowDown34_1 = ScaleRowDown34_NEON;
} else {
ScaleRowDown34_0 = ScaleRowDown34_0_Box_NEON;
ScaleRowDown34_1 = ScaleRowDown34_1_Box_NEON;
}
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN34_MSA)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasMSA)) {
if (!filtering) {
ScaleRowDown34_0 = ScaleRowDown34_Any_MSA;
ScaleRowDown34_1 = ScaleRowDown34_Any_MSA;
} else {
ScaleRowDown34_0 = ScaleRowDown34_0_Box_Any_MSA;
ScaleRowDown34_1 = ScaleRowDown34_1_Box_Any_MSA;
}
if (dst_width % 48 == 0) {
if (!filtering) {
ScaleRowDown34_0 = ScaleRowDown34_MSA;
ScaleRowDown34_1 = ScaleRowDown34_MSA;
} else {
ScaleRowDown34_0 = ScaleRowDown34_0_Box_MSA;
ScaleRowDown34_1 = ScaleRowDown34_1_Box_MSA;
}
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN34_SSSE3)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasSSSE3)) {
if (!filtering) {
ScaleRowDown34_0 = ScaleRowDown34_Any_SSSE3;
ScaleRowDown34_1 = ScaleRowDown34_Any_SSSE3;
} else {
ScaleRowDown34_0 = ScaleRowDown34_0_Box_Any_SSSE3;
ScaleRowDown34_1 = ScaleRowDown34_1_Box_Any_SSSE3;
}
if (dst_width % 24 == 0) {
if (!filtering) {
ScaleRowDown34_0 = ScaleRowDown34_SSSE3;
ScaleRowDown34_1 = ScaleRowDown34_SSSE3;
} else {
ScaleRowDown34_0 = ScaleRowDown34_0_Box_SSSE3;
ScaleRowDown34_1 = ScaleRowDown34_1_Box_SSSE3;
}
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN34_DSPR2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasDSPR2) && (dst_width % 24 == 0) &&
IS_ALIGNED(src_ptr, 4) && IS_ALIGNED(src_stride, 4) &&
IS_ALIGNED(dst_ptr, 4) && IS_ALIGNED(dst_stride, 4)) {
if (!filtering) {
ScaleRowDown34_0 = ScaleRowDown34_DSPR2;
ScaleRowDown34_1 = ScaleRowDown34_DSPR2;
} else {
ScaleRowDown34_0 = ScaleRowDown34_0_Box_DSPR2;
ScaleRowDown34_1 = ScaleRowDown34_1_Box_DSPR2;
}
}
#endif
for (y = 0; y < dst_height - 2; y += 3) {
ScaleRowDown34_0(src_ptr, filter_stride, dst_ptr, dst_width);
src_ptr += src_stride;
dst_ptr += dst_stride;
ScaleRowDown34_1(src_ptr, filter_stride, dst_ptr, dst_width);
src_ptr += src_stride;
dst_ptr += dst_stride;
ScaleRowDown34_0(src_ptr + src_stride, -filter_stride, dst_ptr, dst_width);
src_ptr += src_stride * 2;
dst_ptr += dst_stride;
}
// Remainder 1 or 2 rows with last row vertically unfiltered
if ((dst_height % 3) == 2) {
ScaleRowDown34_0(src_ptr, filter_stride, dst_ptr, dst_width);
src_ptr += src_stride;
dst_ptr += dst_stride;
ScaleRowDown34_1(src_ptr, 0, dst_ptr, dst_width);
} else if ((dst_height % 3) == 1) {
ScaleRowDown34_0(src_ptr, 0, dst_ptr, dst_width);
}
}
static void ScalePlaneDown34_16(int src_width,
int src_height,
int dst_width,
int dst_height,
int src_stride,
int dst_stride,
const uint16* src_ptr,
uint16* dst_ptr,
enum FilterMode filtering) {
int y;
void (*ScaleRowDown34_0)(const uint16* src_ptr, ptrdiff_t src_stride,
uint16* dst_ptr, int dst_width);
void (*ScaleRowDown34_1)(const uint16* src_ptr, ptrdiff_t src_stride,
uint16* dst_ptr, int dst_width);
const int filter_stride = (filtering == kFilterLinear) ? 0 : src_stride;
(void)src_width;
(void)src_height;
assert(dst_width % 3 == 0);
if (!filtering) {
ScaleRowDown34_0 = ScaleRowDown34_16_C;
ScaleRowDown34_1 = ScaleRowDown34_16_C;
} else {
ScaleRowDown34_0 = ScaleRowDown34_0_Box_16_C;
ScaleRowDown34_1 = ScaleRowDown34_1_Box_16_C;
}
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN34_16_NEON)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasNEON) && (dst_width % 24 == 0)) {
if (!filtering) {
ScaleRowDown34_0 = ScaleRowDown34_16_NEON;
ScaleRowDown34_1 = ScaleRowDown34_16_NEON;
} else {
ScaleRowDown34_0 = ScaleRowDown34_0_Box_16_NEON;
ScaleRowDown34_1 = ScaleRowDown34_1_Box_16_NEON;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN34_16_SSSE3)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasSSSE3) && (dst_width % 24 == 0)) {
if (!filtering) {
ScaleRowDown34_0 = ScaleRowDown34_16_SSSE3;
ScaleRowDown34_1 = ScaleRowDown34_16_SSSE3;
} else {
ScaleRowDown34_0 = ScaleRowDown34_0_Box_16_SSSE3;
ScaleRowDown34_1 = ScaleRowDown34_1_Box_16_SSSE3;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN34_16_DSPR2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasDSPR2) && (dst_width % 24 == 0) &&
IS_ALIGNED(src_ptr, 4) && IS_ALIGNED(src_stride, 4) &&
IS_ALIGNED(dst_ptr, 4) && IS_ALIGNED(dst_stride, 4)) {
if (!filtering) {
ScaleRowDown34_0 = ScaleRowDown34_16_DSPR2;
ScaleRowDown34_1 = ScaleRowDown34_16_DSPR2;
} else {
ScaleRowDown34_0 = ScaleRowDown34_0_Box_16_DSPR2;
ScaleRowDown34_1 = ScaleRowDown34_1_Box_16_DSPR2;
}
}
#endif
for (y = 0; y < dst_height - 2; y += 3) {
ScaleRowDown34_0(src_ptr, filter_stride, dst_ptr, dst_width);
src_ptr += src_stride;
dst_ptr += dst_stride;
ScaleRowDown34_1(src_ptr, filter_stride, dst_ptr, dst_width);
src_ptr += src_stride;
dst_ptr += dst_stride;
ScaleRowDown34_0(src_ptr + src_stride, -filter_stride, dst_ptr, dst_width);
src_ptr += src_stride * 2;
dst_ptr += dst_stride;
}
// Remainder 1 or 2 rows with last row vertically unfiltered
if ((dst_height % 3) == 2) {
ScaleRowDown34_0(src_ptr, filter_stride, dst_ptr, dst_width);
src_ptr += src_stride;
dst_ptr += dst_stride;
ScaleRowDown34_1(src_ptr, 0, dst_ptr, dst_width);
} else if ((dst_height % 3) == 1) {
ScaleRowDown34_0(src_ptr, 0, dst_ptr, dst_width);
}
}
// Scale plane, 3/8
// This is an optimized version for scaling down a plane to 3/8
// of its original size.
//
// Uses box filter arranges like this
// aaabbbcc -> abc
// aaabbbcc def
// aaabbbcc ghi
// dddeeeff
// dddeeeff
// dddeeeff
// ggghhhii
// ggghhhii
// Boxes are 3x3, 2x3, 3x2 and 2x2
static void ScalePlaneDown38(int src_width,
int src_height,
int dst_width,
int dst_height,
int src_stride,
int dst_stride,
const uint8* src_ptr,
uint8* dst_ptr,
enum FilterMode filtering) {
int y;
void (*ScaleRowDown38_3)(const uint8* src_ptr, ptrdiff_t src_stride,
uint8* dst_ptr, int dst_width);
void (*ScaleRowDown38_2)(const uint8* src_ptr, ptrdiff_t src_stride,
uint8* dst_ptr, int dst_width);
const int filter_stride = (filtering == kFilterLinear) ? 0 : src_stride;
assert(dst_width % 3 == 0);
(void)src_width;
(void)src_height;
if (!filtering) {
ScaleRowDown38_3 = ScaleRowDown38_C;
ScaleRowDown38_2 = ScaleRowDown38_C;
} else {
ScaleRowDown38_3 = ScaleRowDown38_3_Box_C;
ScaleRowDown38_2 = ScaleRowDown38_2_Box_C;
}
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN38_NEON)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasNEON)) {
if (!filtering) {
ScaleRowDown38_3 = ScaleRowDown38_Any_NEON;
ScaleRowDown38_2 = ScaleRowDown38_Any_NEON;
} else {
ScaleRowDown38_3 = ScaleRowDown38_3_Box_Any_NEON;
ScaleRowDown38_2 = ScaleRowDown38_2_Box_Any_NEON;
}
if (dst_width % 12 == 0) {
if (!filtering) {
ScaleRowDown38_3 = ScaleRowDown38_NEON;
ScaleRowDown38_2 = ScaleRowDown38_NEON;
} else {
ScaleRowDown38_3 = ScaleRowDown38_3_Box_NEON;
ScaleRowDown38_2 = ScaleRowDown38_2_Box_NEON;
}
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN38_SSSE3)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasSSSE3)) {
if (!filtering) {
ScaleRowDown38_3 = ScaleRowDown38_Any_SSSE3;
ScaleRowDown38_2 = ScaleRowDown38_Any_SSSE3;
} else {
ScaleRowDown38_3 = ScaleRowDown38_3_Box_Any_SSSE3;
ScaleRowDown38_2 = ScaleRowDown38_2_Box_Any_SSSE3;
}
if (dst_width % 12 == 0 && !filtering) {
ScaleRowDown38_3 = ScaleRowDown38_SSSE3;
ScaleRowDown38_2 = ScaleRowDown38_SSSE3;
}
if (dst_width % 6 == 0 && filtering) {
ScaleRowDown38_3 = ScaleRowDown38_3_Box_SSSE3;
ScaleRowDown38_2 = ScaleRowDown38_2_Box_SSSE3;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN38_DSPR2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasDSPR2) && (dst_width % 12 == 0) &&
IS_ALIGNED(src_ptr, 4) && IS_ALIGNED(src_stride, 4) &&
IS_ALIGNED(dst_ptr, 4) && IS_ALIGNED(dst_stride, 4)) {
if (!filtering) {
ScaleRowDown38_3 = ScaleRowDown38_DSPR2;
ScaleRowDown38_2 = ScaleRowDown38_DSPR2;
} else {
ScaleRowDown38_3 = ScaleRowDown38_3_Box_DSPR2;
ScaleRowDown38_2 = ScaleRowDown38_2_Box_DSPR2;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN38_MSA)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasMSA)) {
if (!filtering) {
ScaleRowDown38_3 = ScaleRowDown38_Any_MSA;
ScaleRowDown38_2 = ScaleRowDown38_Any_MSA;
} else {
ScaleRowDown38_3 = ScaleRowDown38_3_Box_Any_MSA;
ScaleRowDown38_2 = ScaleRowDown38_2_Box_Any_MSA;
}
if (dst_width % 12 == 0) {
if (!filtering) {
ScaleRowDown38_3 = ScaleRowDown38_MSA;
ScaleRowDown38_2 = ScaleRowDown38_MSA;
} else {
ScaleRowDown38_3 = ScaleRowDown38_3_Box_MSA;
ScaleRowDown38_2 = ScaleRowDown38_2_Box_MSA;
}
}
}
#endif
for (y = 0; y < dst_height - 2; y += 3) {
ScaleRowDown38_3(src_ptr, filter_stride, dst_ptr, dst_width);
src_ptr += src_stride * 3;
dst_ptr += dst_stride;
ScaleRowDown38_3(src_ptr, filter_stride, dst_ptr, dst_width);
src_ptr += src_stride * 3;
dst_ptr += dst_stride;
ScaleRowDown38_2(src_ptr, filter_stride, dst_ptr, dst_width);
src_ptr += src_stride * 2;
dst_ptr += dst_stride;
}
// Remainder 1 or 2 rows with last row vertically unfiltered
if ((dst_height % 3) == 2) {
ScaleRowDown38_3(src_ptr, filter_stride, dst_ptr, dst_width);
src_ptr += src_stride * 3;
dst_ptr += dst_stride;
ScaleRowDown38_3(src_ptr, 0, dst_ptr, dst_width);
} else if ((dst_height % 3) == 1) {
ScaleRowDown38_3(src_ptr, 0, dst_ptr, dst_width);
}
}
static void ScalePlaneDown38_16(int src_width,
int src_height,
int dst_width,
int dst_height,
int src_stride,
int dst_stride,
const uint16* src_ptr,
uint16* dst_ptr,
enum FilterMode filtering) {
int y;
void (*ScaleRowDown38_3)(const uint16* src_ptr, ptrdiff_t src_stride,
uint16* dst_ptr, int dst_width);
void (*ScaleRowDown38_2)(const uint16* src_ptr, ptrdiff_t src_stride,
uint16* dst_ptr, int dst_width);
const int filter_stride = (filtering == kFilterLinear) ? 0 : src_stride;
(void)src_width;
(void)src_height;
assert(dst_width % 3 == 0);
if (!filtering) {
ScaleRowDown38_3 = ScaleRowDown38_16_C;
ScaleRowDown38_2 = ScaleRowDown38_16_C;
} else {
ScaleRowDown38_3 = ScaleRowDown38_3_Box_16_C;
ScaleRowDown38_2 = ScaleRowDown38_2_Box_16_C;
}
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN38_16_NEON)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasNEON) && (dst_width % 12 == 0)) {
if (!filtering) {
ScaleRowDown38_3 = ScaleRowDown38_16_NEON;
ScaleRowDown38_2 = ScaleRowDown38_16_NEON;
} else {
ScaleRowDown38_3 = ScaleRowDown38_3_Box_16_NEON;
ScaleRowDown38_2 = ScaleRowDown38_2_Box_16_NEON;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN38_16_SSSE3)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasSSSE3) && (dst_width % 24 == 0)) {
if (!filtering) {
ScaleRowDown38_3 = ScaleRowDown38_16_SSSE3;
ScaleRowDown38_2 = ScaleRowDown38_16_SSSE3;
} else {
ScaleRowDown38_3 = ScaleRowDown38_3_Box_16_SSSE3;
ScaleRowDown38_2 = ScaleRowDown38_2_Box_16_SSSE3;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEROWDOWN38_16_DSPR2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasDSPR2) && (dst_width % 12 == 0) &&
IS_ALIGNED(src_ptr, 4) && IS_ALIGNED(src_stride, 4) &&
IS_ALIGNED(dst_ptr, 4) && IS_ALIGNED(dst_stride, 4)) {
if (!filtering) {
ScaleRowDown38_3 = ScaleRowDown38_16_DSPR2;
ScaleRowDown38_2 = ScaleRowDown38_16_DSPR2;
} else {
ScaleRowDown38_3 = ScaleRowDown38_3_Box_16_DSPR2;
ScaleRowDown38_2 = ScaleRowDown38_2_Box_16_DSPR2;
}
}
#endif
for (y = 0; y < dst_height - 2; y += 3) {
ScaleRowDown38_3(src_ptr, filter_stride, dst_ptr, dst_width);
src_ptr += src_stride * 3;
dst_ptr += dst_stride;
ScaleRowDown38_3(src_ptr, filter_stride, dst_ptr, dst_width);
src_ptr += src_stride * 3;
dst_ptr += dst_stride;
ScaleRowDown38_2(src_ptr, filter_stride, dst_ptr, dst_width);
src_ptr += src_stride * 2;
dst_ptr += dst_stride;
}
// Remainder 1 or 2 rows with last row vertically unfiltered
if ((dst_height % 3) == 2) {
ScaleRowDown38_3(src_ptr, filter_stride, dst_ptr, dst_width);
src_ptr += src_stride * 3;
dst_ptr += dst_stride;
ScaleRowDown38_3(src_ptr, 0, dst_ptr, dst_width);
} else if ((dst_height % 3) == 1) {
ScaleRowDown38_3(src_ptr, 0, dst_ptr, dst_width);
}
}
#define MIN1(x) ((x) < 1 ? 1 : (x))
static __inline uint32 SumPixels(int iboxwidth, const uint16* src_ptr) {
uint32 sum = 0u;
int x;
assert(iboxwidth > 0);
for (x = 0; x < iboxwidth; ++x) {
sum += src_ptr[x];
}
return sum;
}
static __inline uint32 SumPixels_16(int iboxwidth, const uint32* src_ptr) {
uint32 sum = 0u;
int x;
assert(iboxwidth > 0);
for (x = 0; x < iboxwidth; ++x) {
sum += src_ptr[x];
}
return sum;
}
static void ScaleAddCols2_C(int dst_width,
int boxheight,
int x,
int dx,
const uint16* src_ptr,
uint8* dst_ptr) {
int i;
int scaletbl[2];
int minboxwidth = dx >> 16;
int boxwidth;
scaletbl[0] = 65536 / (MIN1(minboxwidth) * boxheight);
scaletbl[1] = 65536 / (MIN1(minboxwidth + 1) * boxheight);
for (i = 0; i < dst_width; ++i) {
int ix = x >> 16;
x += dx;
boxwidth = MIN1((x >> 16) - ix);
*dst_ptr++ =
SumPixels(boxwidth, src_ptr + ix) * scaletbl[boxwidth - minboxwidth] >>
16;
}
}
static void ScaleAddCols2_16_C(int dst_width,
int boxheight,
int x,
int dx,
const uint32* src_ptr,
uint16* dst_ptr) {
int i;
int scaletbl[2];
int minboxwidth = dx >> 16;
int boxwidth;
scaletbl[0] = 65536 / (MIN1(minboxwidth) * boxheight);
scaletbl[1] = 65536 / (MIN1(minboxwidth + 1) * boxheight);
for (i = 0; i < dst_width; ++i) {
int ix = x >> 16;
x += dx;
boxwidth = MIN1((x >> 16) - ix);
*dst_ptr++ = SumPixels_16(boxwidth, src_ptr + ix) *
scaletbl[boxwidth - minboxwidth] >>
16;
}
}
static void ScaleAddCols0_C(int dst_width,
int boxheight,
int x,
int dx,
const uint16* src_ptr,
uint8* dst_ptr) {
int scaleval = 65536 / boxheight;
int i;
(void)dx;
src_ptr += (x >> 16);
for (i = 0; i < dst_width; ++i) {
*dst_ptr++ = src_ptr[i] * scaleval >> 16;
}
}
static void ScaleAddCols1_C(int dst_width,
int boxheight,
int x,
int dx,
const uint16* src_ptr,
uint8* dst_ptr) {
int boxwidth = MIN1(dx >> 16);
int scaleval = 65536 / (boxwidth * boxheight);
int i;
x >>= 16;
for (i = 0; i < dst_width; ++i) {
*dst_ptr++ = SumPixels(boxwidth, src_ptr + x) * scaleval >> 16;
x += boxwidth;
}
}
static void ScaleAddCols1_16_C(int dst_width,
int boxheight,
int x,
int dx,
const uint32* src_ptr,
uint16* dst_ptr) {
int boxwidth = MIN1(dx >> 16);
int scaleval = 65536 / (boxwidth * boxheight);
int i;
for (i = 0; i < dst_width; ++i) {
*dst_ptr++ = SumPixels_16(boxwidth, src_ptr + x) * scaleval >> 16;
x += boxwidth;
}
}
// Scale plane down to any dimensions, with interpolation.
// (boxfilter).
//
// Same method as SimpleScale, which is fixed point, outputting
// one pixel of destination using fixed point (16.16) to step
// through source, sampling a box of pixel with simple
// averaging.
static void ScalePlaneBox(int src_width,
int src_height,
int dst_width,
int dst_height,
int src_stride,
int dst_stride,
const uint8* src_ptr,
uint8* dst_ptr) {
int j, k;
// Initial source x/y coordinate and step values as 16.16 fixed point.
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
int dx = 0;
int dy = 0;
const int max_y = (src_height << 16);
ScaleSlope(src_width, src_height, dst_width, dst_height, kFilterBox, &x, &y,
&dx, &dy);
src_width = Abs(src_width);
{
// Allocate a row buffer of uint16.
align_buffer_64(row16, src_width * 2);
void (*ScaleAddCols)(int dst_width, int boxheight, int x, int dx,
const uint16* src_ptr, uint8* dst_ptr) =
(dx & 0xffff) ? ScaleAddCols2_C
: ((dx != 0x10000) ? ScaleAddCols1_C : ScaleAddCols0_C);
void (*ScaleAddRow)(const uint8* src_ptr, uint16* dst_ptr, int src_width) =
ScaleAddRow_C;
#if defined(HAS_SCALEADDROW_SSE2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasSSE2)) {
ScaleAddRow = ScaleAddRow_Any_SSE2;
if (IS_ALIGNED(src_width, 16)) {
ScaleAddRow = ScaleAddRow_SSE2;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEADDROW_AVX2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasAVX2)) {
ScaleAddRow = ScaleAddRow_Any_AVX2;
if (IS_ALIGNED(src_width, 32)) {
ScaleAddRow = ScaleAddRow_AVX2;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEADDROW_NEON)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasNEON)) {
ScaleAddRow = ScaleAddRow_Any_NEON;
if (IS_ALIGNED(src_width, 16)) {
ScaleAddRow = ScaleAddRow_NEON;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEADDROW_MSA)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasMSA)) {
ScaleAddRow = ScaleAddRow_Any_MSA;
if (IS_ALIGNED(src_width, 16)) {
ScaleAddRow = ScaleAddRow_MSA;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEADDROW_DSPR2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasDSPR2)) {
ScaleAddRow = ScaleAddRow_Any_DSPR2;
if (IS_ALIGNED(src_width, 16)) {
ScaleAddRow = ScaleAddRow_DSPR2;
}
}
#endif
for (j = 0; j < dst_height; ++j) {
int boxheight;
int iy = y >> 16;
const uint8* src = src_ptr + iy * src_stride;
y += dy;
if (y > max_y) {
y = max_y;
}
boxheight = MIN1((y >> 16) - iy);
memset(row16, 0, src_width * 2);
for (k = 0; k < boxheight; ++k) {
ScaleAddRow(src, (uint16*)(row16), src_width);
src += src_stride;
}
ScaleAddCols(dst_width, boxheight, x, dx, (uint16*)(row16), dst_ptr);
dst_ptr += dst_stride;
}
free_aligned_buffer_64(row16);
}
}
static void ScalePlaneBox_16(int src_width,
int src_height,
int dst_width,
int dst_height,
int src_stride,
int dst_stride,
const uint16* src_ptr,
uint16* dst_ptr) {
int j, k;
// Initial source x/y coordinate and step values as 16.16 fixed point.
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
int dx = 0;
int dy = 0;
const int max_y = (src_height << 16);
ScaleSlope(src_width, src_height, dst_width, dst_height, kFilterBox, &x, &y,
&dx, &dy);
src_width = Abs(src_width);
{
// Allocate a row buffer of uint32.
align_buffer_64(row32, src_width * 4);
void (*ScaleAddCols)(int dst_width, int boxheight, int x, int dx,
const uint32* src_ptr, uint16* dst_ptr) =
(dx & 0xffff) ? ScaleAddCols2_16_C : ScaleAddCols1_16_C;
void (*ScaleAddRow)(const uint16* src_ptr, uint32* dst_ptr, int src_width) =
ScaleAddRow_16_C;
#if defined(HAS_SCALEADDROW_16_SSE2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasSSE2) && IS_ALIGNED(src_width, 16)) {
ScaleAddRow = ScaleAddRow_16_SSE2;
}
#endif
for (j = 0; j < dst_height; ++j) {
int boxheight;
int iy = y >> 16;
const uint16* src = src_ptr + iy * src_stride;
y += dy;
if (y > max_y) {
y = max_y;
}
boxheight = MIN1((y >> 16) - iy);
memset(row32, 0, src_width * 4);
for (k = 0; k < boxheight; ++k) {
ScaleAddRow(src, (uint32*)(row32), src_width);
src += src_stride;
}
ScaleAddCols(dst_width, boxheight, x, dx, (uint32*)(row32), dst_ptr);
dst_ptr += dst_stride;
}
free_aligned_buffer_64(row32);
}
}
// Scale plane down with bilinear interpolation.
void ScalePlaneBilinearDown(int src_width,
int src_height,
int dst_width,
int dst_height,
int src_stride,
int dst_stride,
const uint8* src_ptr,
uint8* dst_ptr,
enum FilterMode filtering) {
// Initial source x/y coordinate and step values as 16.16 fixed point.
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
int dx = 0;
int dy = 0;
// TODO(fbarchard): Consider not allocating row buffer for kFilterLinear.
// Allocate a row buffer.
align_buffer_64(row, src_width);
const int max_y = (src_height - 1) << 16;
int j;
void (*ScaleFilterCols)(uint8 * dst_ptr, const uint8* src_ptr, int dst_width,
int x, int dx) =
(src_width >= 32768) ? ScaleFilterCols64_C : ScaleFilterCols_C;
void (*InterpolateRow)(uint8 * dst_ptr, const uint8* src_ptr,
ptrdiff_t src_stride, int dst_width,
int source_y_fraction) = InterpolateRow_C;
ScaleSlope(src_width, src_height, dst_width, dst_height, filtering, &x, &y,
&dx, &dy);
src_width = Abs(src_width);
#if defined(HAS_INTERPOLATEROW_SSSE3)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasSSSE3)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_Any_SSSE3;
if (IS_ALIGNED(src_width, 16)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_SSSE3;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_INTERPOLATEROW_AVX2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasAVX2)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_Any_AVX2;
if (IS_ALIGNED(src_width, 32)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_AVX2;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_INTERPOLATEROW_NEON)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasNEON)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_Any_NEON;
if (IS_ALIGNED(src_width, 16)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_NEON;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_INTERPOLATEROW_DSPR2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasDSPR2)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_Any_DSPR2;
if (IS_ALIGNED(src_width, 4)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_DSPR2;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_INTERPOLATEROW_MSA)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasMSA)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_Any_MSA;
if (IS_ALIGNED(src_width, 32)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_MSA;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEFILTERCOLS_SSSE3)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasSSSE3) && src_width < 32768) {
ScaleFilterCols = ScaleFilterCols_SSSE3;
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEFILTERCOLS_NEON)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasNEON) && src_width < 32768) {
ScaleFilterCols = ScaleFilterCols_Any_NEON;
if (IS_ALIGNED(dst_width, 8)) {
ScaleFilterCols = ScaleFilterCols_NEON;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEFILTERCOLS_MSA)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasMSA) && src_width < 32768) {
ScaleFilterCols = ScaleFilterCols_Any_MSA;
if (IS_ALIGNED(dst_width, 16)) {
ScaleFilterCols = ScaleFilterCols_MSA;
}
}
#endif
if (y > max_y) {
y = max_y;
}
for (j = 0; j < dst_height; ++j) {
int yi = y >> 16;
const uint8* src = src_ptr + yi * src_stride;
if (filtering == kFilterLinear) {
ScaleFilterCols(dst_ptr, src, dst_width, x, dx);
} else {
int yf = (y >> 8) & 255;
InterpolateRow(row, src, src_stride, src_width, yf);
ScaleFilterCols(dst_ptr, row, dst_width, x, dx);
}
dst_ptr += dst_stride;
y += dy;
if (y > max_y) {
y = max_y;
}
}
free_aligned_buffer_64(row);
}
void ScalePlaneBilinearDown_16(int src_width,
int src_height,
int dst_width,
int dst_height,
int src_stride,
int dst_stride,
const uint16* src_ptr,
uint16* dst_ptr,
enum FilterMode filtering) {
// Initial source x/y coordinate and step values as 16.16 fixed point.
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
int dx = 0;
int dy = 0;
// TODO(fbarchard): Consider not allocating row buffer for kFilterLinear.
// Allocate a row buffer.
align_buffer_64(row, src_width * 2);
const int max_y = (src_height - 1) << 16;
int j;
void (*ScaleFilterCols)(uint16 * dst_ptr, const uint16* src_ptr,
int dst_width, int x, int dx) =
(src_width >= 32768) ? ScaleFilterCols64_16_C : ScaleFilterCols_16_C;
void (*InterpolateRow)(uint16 * dst_ptr, const uint16* src_ptr,
ptrdiff_t src_stride, int dst_width,
int source_y_fraction) = InterpolateRow_16_C;
ScaleSlope(src_width, src_height, dst_width, dst_height, filtering, &x, &y,
&dx, &dy);
src_width = Abs(src_width);
#if defined(HAS_INTERPOLATEROW_16_SSE2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasSSE2)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_Any_16_SSE2;
if (IS_ALIGNED(src_width, 16)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_16_SSE2;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_INTERPOLATEROW_16_SSSE3)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasSSSE3)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_Any_16_SSSE3;
if (IS_ALIGNED(src_width, 16)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_16_SSSE3;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_INTERPOLATEROW_16_AVX2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasAVX2)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_Any_16_AVX2;
if (IS_ALIGNED(src_width, 32)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_16_AVX2;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_INTERPOLATEROW_16_NEON)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasNEON)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_Any_16_NEON;
if (IS_ALIGNED(src_width, 16)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_16_NEON;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_INTERPOLATEROW_16_DSPR2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasDSPR2)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_Any_16_DSPR2;
if (IS_ALIGNED(src_width, 4)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_16_DSPR2;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEFILTERCOLS_16_SSSE3)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasSSSE3) && src_width < 32768) {
ScaleFilterCols = ScaleFilterCols_16_SSSE3;
}
#endif
if (y > max_y) {
y = max_y;
}
for (j = 0; j < dst_height; ++j) {
int yi = y >> 16;
const uint16* src = src_ptr + yi * src_stride;
if (filtering == kFilterLinear) {
ScaleFilterCols(dst_ptr, src, dst_width, x, dx);
} else {
int yf = (y >> 8) & 255;
InterpolateRow((uint16*)row, src, src_stride, src_width, yf);
ScaleFilterCols(dst_ptr, (uint16*)row, dst_width, x, dx);
}
dst_ptr += dst_stride;
y += dy;
if (y > max_y) {
y = max_y;
}
}
free_aligned_buffer_64(row);
}
// Scale up down with bilinear interpolation.
void ScalePlaneBilinearUp(int src_width,
int src_height,
int dst_width,
int dst_height,
int src_stride,
int dst_stride,
const uint8* src_ptr,
uint8* dst_ptr,
enum FilterMode filtering) {
int j;
// Initial source x/y coordinate and step values as 16.16 fixed point.
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
int dx = 0;
int dy = 0;
const int max_y = (src_height - 1) << 16;
void (*InterpolateRow)(uint8 * dst_ptr, const uint8* src_ptr,
ptrdiff_t src_stride, int dst_width,
int source_y_fraction) = InterpolateRow_C;
void (*ScaleFilterCols)(uint8 * dst_ptr, const uint8* src_ptr, int dst_width,
int x, int dx) =
filtering ? ScaleFilterCols_C : ScaleCols_C;
ScaleSlope(src_width, src_height, dst_width, dst_height, filtering, &x, &y,
&dx, &dy);
src_width = Abs(src_width);
#if defined(HAS_INTERPOLATEROW_SSSE3)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasSSSE3)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_Any_SSSE3;
if (IS_ALIGNED(dst_width, 16)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_SSSE3;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_INTERPOLATEROW_AVX2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasAVX2)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_Any_AVX2;
if (IS_ALIGNED(dst_width, 32)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_AVX2;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_INTERPOLATEROW_NEON)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasNEON)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_Any_NEON;
if (IS_ALIGNED(dst_width, 16)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_NEON;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_INTERPOLATEROW_DSPR2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasDSPR2)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_Any_DSPR2;
if (IS_ALIGNED(dst_width, 4)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_DSPR2;
}
}
#endif
if (filtering && src_width >= 32768) {
ScaleFilterCols = ScaleFilterCols64_C;
}
#if defined(HAS_SCALEFILTERCOLS_SSSE3)
if (filtering && TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasSSSE3) && src_width < 32768) {
ScaleFilterCols = ScaleFilterCols_SSSE3;
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEFILTERCOLS_NEON)
if (filtering && TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasNEON) && src_width < 32768) {
ScaleFilterCols = ScaleFilterCols_Any_NEON;
if (IS_ALIGNED(dst_width, 8)) {
ScaleFilterCols = ScaleFilterCols_NEON;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_SCALEFILTERCOLS_MSA)
if (filtering && TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasMSA) && src_width < 32768) {
ScaleFilterCols = ScaleFilterCols_Any_MSA;
if (IS_ALIGNED(dst_width, 16)) {
ScaleFilterCols = ScaleFilterCols_MSA;
}
}
#endif
if (!filtering && src_width * 2 == dst_width && x < 0x8000) {
ScaleFilterCols = ScaleColsUp2_C;
#if defined(HAS_SCALECOLS_SSE2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasSSE2) && IS_ALIGNED(dst_width, 8)) {
ScaleFilterCols = ScaleColsUp2_SSE2;
}
#endif
}
if (y > max_y) {
y = max_y;
}
{
int yi = y >> 16;
const uint8* src = src_ptr + yi * src_stride;
// Allocate 2 row buffers.
const int kRowSize = (dst_width + 31) & ~31;
align_buffer_64(row, kRowSize * 2);
uint8* rowptr = row;
int rowstride = kRowSize;
int lasty = yi;
ScaleFilterCols(rowptr, src, dst_width, x, dx);
if (src_height > 1) {
src += src_stride;
}
ScaleFilterCols(rowptr + rowstride, src, dst_width, x, dx);
src += src_stride;
for (j = 0; j < dst_height; ++j) {
yi = y >> 16;
if (yi != lasty) {
if (y > max_y) {
y = max_y;
yi = y >> 16;
src = src_ptr + yi * src_stride;
}
if (yi != lasty) {
ScaleFilterCols(rowptr, src, dst_width, x, dx);
rowptr += rowstride;
rowstride = -rowstride;
lasty = yi;
src += src_stride;
}
}
if (filtering == kFilterLinear) {
InterpolateRow(dst_ptr, rowptr, 0, dst_width, 0);
} else {
int yf = (y >> 8) & 255;
InterpolateRow(dst_ptr, rowptr, rowstride, dst_width, yf);
}
dst_ptr += dst_stride;
y += dy;
}
free_aligned_buffer_64(row);
}
}
void ScalePlaneBilinearUp_16(int src_width,
int src_height,
int dst_width,
int dst_height,
int src_stride,
int dst_stride,
const uint16* src_ptr,
uint16* dst_ptr,
enum FilterMode filtering) {
int j;
// Initial source x/y coordinate and step values as 16.16 fixed point.
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
int dx = 0;
int dy = 0;
const int max_y = (src_height - 1) << 16;
void (*InterpolateRow)(uint16 * dst_ptr, const uint16* src_ptr,
ptrdiff_t src_stride, int dst_width,
int source_y_fraction) = InterpolateRow_16_C;
void (*ScaleFilterCols)(uint16 * dst_ptr, const uint16* src_ptr,
int dst_width, int x, int dx) =
filtering ? ScaleFilterCols_16_C : ScaleCols_16_C;
ScaleSlope(src_width, src_height, dst_width, dst_height, filtering, &x, &y,
&dx, &dy);
src_width = Abs(src_width);
#if defined(HAS_INTERPOLATEROW_16_SSE2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasSSE2)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_Any_16_SSE2;
if (IS_ALIGNED(dst_width, 16)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_16_SSE2;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_INTERPOLATEROW_16_SSSE3)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasSSSE3)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_Any_16_SSSE3;
if (IS_ALIGNED(dst_width, 16)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_16_SSSE3;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_INTERPOLATEROW_16_AVX2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasAVX2)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_Any_16_AVX2;
if (IS_ALIGNED(dst_width, 32)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_16_AVX2;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_INTERPOLATEROW_16_NEON)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasNEON)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_Any_16_NEON;
if (IS_ALIGNED(dst_width, 16)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_16_NEON;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(HAS_INTERPOLATEROW_16_DSPR2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasDSPR2)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_Any_16_DSPR2;
if (IS_ALIGNED(dst_width, 4)) {
InterpolateRow = InterpolateRow_16_DSPR2;
}
}
#endif
if (filtering && src_width >= 32768) {
ScaleFilterCols = ScaleFilterCols64_16_C;
}
#if defined(HAS_SCALEFILTERCOLS_16_SSSE3)
if (filtering && TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasSSSE3) && src_width < 32768) {
ScaleFilterCols = ScaleFilterCols_16_SSSE3;
}
#endif
if (!filtering && src_width * 2 == dst_width && x < 0x8000) {
ScaleFilterCols = ScaleColsUp2_16_C;
#if defined(HAS_SCALECOLS_16_SSE2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasSSE2) && IS_ALIGNED(dst_width, 8)) {
ScaleFilterCols = ScaleColsUp2_16_SSE2;
}
#endif
}
if (y > max_y) {
y = max_y;
}
{
int yi = y >> 16;
const uint16* src = src_ptr + yi * src_stride;
// Allocate 2 row buffers.
const int kRowSize = (dst_width + 31) & ~31;
align_buffer_64(row, kRowSize * 4);
uint16* rowptr = (uint16*)row;
int rowstride = kRowSize;
int lasty = yi;
ScaleFilterCols(rowptr, src, dst_width, x, dx);
if (src_height > 1) {
src += src_stride;
}
ScaleFilterCols(rowptr + rowstride, src, dst_width, x, dx);
src += src_stride;
for (j = 0; j < dst_height; ++j) {
yi = y >> 16;
if (yi != lasty) {
if (y > max_y) {
y = max_y;
yi = y >> 16;
src = src_ptr + yi * src_stride;
}
if (yi != lasty) {
ScaleFilterCols(rowptr, src, dst_width, x, dx);
rowptr += rowstride;
rowstride = -rowstride;
lasty = yi;
src += src_stride;
}
}
if (filtering == kFilterLinear) {
InterpolateRow(dst_ptr, rowptr, 0, dst_width, 0);
} else {
int yf = (y >> 8) & 255;
InterpolateRow(dst_ptr, rowptr, rowstride, dst_width, yf);
}
dst_ptr += dst_stride;
y += dy;
}
free_aligned_buffer_64(row);
}
}
// Scale Plane to/from any dimensions, without interpolation.
// Fixed point math is used for performance: The upper 16 bits
// of x and dx is the integer part of the source position and
// the lower 16 bits are the fixed decimal part.
static void ScalePlaneSimple(int src_width,
int src_height,
int dst_width,
int dst_height,
int src_stride,
int dst_stride,
const uint8* src_ptr,
uint8* dst_ptr) {
int i;
void (*ScaleCols)(uint8 * dst_ptr, const uint8* src_ptr, int dst_width, int x,
int dx) = ScaleCols_C;
// Initial source x/y coordinate and step values as 16.16 fixed point.
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
int dx = 0;
int dy = 0;
ScaleSlope(src_width, src_height, dst_width, dst_height, kFilterNone, &x, &y,
&dx, &dy);
src_width = Abs(src_width);
if (src_width * 2 == dst_width && x < 0x8000) {
ScaleCols = ScaleColsUp2_C;
#if defined(HAS_SCALECOLS_SSE2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasSSE2) && IS_ALIGNED(dst_width, 8)) {
ScaleCols = ScaleColsUp2_SSE2;
}
#endif
}
for (i = 0; i < dst_height; ++i) {
ScaleCols(dst_ptr, src_ptr + (y >> 16) * src_stride, dst_width, x, dx);
dst_ptr += dst_stride;
y += dy;
}
}
static void ScalePlaneSimple_16(int src_width,
int src_height,
int dst_width,
int dst_height,
int src_stride,
int dst_stride,
const uint16* src_ptr,
uint16* dst_ptr) {
int i;
void (*ScaleCols)(uint16 * dst_ptr, const uint16* src_ptr, int dst_width,
int x, int dx) = ScaleCols_16_C;
// Initial source x/y coordinate and step values as 16.16 fixed point.
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
int dx = 0;
int dy = 0;
ScaleSlope(src_width, src_height, dst_width, dst_height, kFilterNone, &x, &y,
&dx, &dy);
src_width = Abs(src_width);
if (src_width * 2 == dst_width && x < 0x8000) {
ScaleCols = ScaleColsUp2_16_C;
#if defined(HAS_SCALECOLS_16_SSE2)
if (TestCpuFlag(kCpuHasSSE2) && IS_ALIGNED(dst_width, 8)) {
ScaleCols = ScaleColsUp2_16_SSE2;
}
#endif
}
for (i = 0; i < dst_height; ++i) {
ScaleCols(dst_ptr, src_ptr + (y >> 16) * src_stride, dst_width, x, dx);
dst_ptr += dst_stride;
y += dy;
}
}
// Scale a plane.
// This function dispatches to a specialized scaler based on scale factor.
LIBYUV_API
void ScalePlane(const uint8* src,
int src_stride,
int src_width,
int src_height,
uint8* dst,
int dst_stride,
int dst_width,
int dst_height,
enum FilterMode filtering) {
// Simplify filtering when possible.
filtering = ScaleFilterReduce(src_width, src_height, dst_width, dst_height,
filtering);
// Negative height means invert the image.
if (src_height < 0) {
src_height = -src_height;
src = src + (src_height - 1) * src_stride;
src_stride = -src_stride;
}
// Use specialized scales to improve performance for common resolutions.
// For example, all the 1/2 scalings will use ScalePlaneDown2()
if (dst_width == src_width && dst_height == src_height) {
// Straight copy.
CopyPlane(src, src_stride, dst, dst_stride, dst_width, dst_height);
return;
}
if (dst_width == src_width && filtering != kFilterBox) {
int dy = FixedDiv(src_height, dst_height);
// Arbitrary scale vertically, but unscaled horizontally.
ScalePlaneVertical(src_height, dst_width, dst_height, src_stride,
dst_stride, src, dst, 0, 0, dy, 1, filtering);
return;
}
if (dst_width <= Abs(src_width) && dst_height <= src_height) {
// Scale down.
if (4 * dst_width == 3 * src_width && 4 * dst_height == 3 * src_height) {
// optimized, 3/4
ScalePlaneDown34(src_width, src_height, dst_width, dst_height, src_stride,
dst_stride, src, dst, filtering);
return;
}
if (2 * dst_width == src_width && 2 * dst_height == src_height) {
// optimized, 1/2
ScalePlaneDown2(src_width, src_height, dst_width, dst_height, src_stride,
dst_stride, src, dst, filtering);
return;
}
// 3/8 rounded up for odd sized chroma height.
if (8 * dst_width == 3 * src_width && 8 * dst_height == 3 * src_height) {
// optimized, 3/8
ScalePlaneDown38(src_width, src_height, dst_width, dst_height, src_stride,
dst_stride, src, dst, filtering);
return;
}
if (4 * dst_width == src_width && 4 * dst_height == src_height &&
(filtering == kFilterBox || filtering == kFilterNone)) {
// optimized, 1/4
ScalePlaneDown4(src_width, src_height, dst_width, dst_height, src_stride,
dst_stride, src, dst, filtering);
return;
}
}
if (filtering == kFilterBox && dst_height * 2 < src_height) {
ScalePlaneBox(src_width, src_height, dst_width, dst_height, src_stride,
dst_stride, src, dst);
return;
}
if (filtering && dst_height > src_height) {
ScalePlaneBilinearUp(src_width, src_height, dst_width, dst_height,
src_stride, dst_stride, src, dst, filtering);
return;
}
if (filtering) {
ScalePlaneBilinearDown(src_width, src_height, dst_width, dst_height,
src_stride, dst_stride, src, dst, filtering);
return;
}
ScalePlaneSimple(src_width, src_height, dst_width, dst_height, src_stride,
dst_stride, src, dst);
}
LIBYUV_API
void ScalePlane_16(const uint16* src,
int src_stride,
int src_width,
int src_height,
uint16* dst,
int dst_stride,
int dst_width,
int dst_height,
enum FilterMode filtering) {
// Simplify filtering when possible.
filtering = ScaleFilterReduce(src_width, src_height, dst_width, dst_height,
filtering);
// Negative height means invert the image.
if (src_height < 0) {
src_height = -src_height;
src = src + (src_height - 1) * src_stride;
src_stride = -src_stride;
}
// Use specialized scales to improve performance for common resolutions.
// For example, all the 1/2 scalings will use ScalePlaneDown2()
if (dst_width == src_width && dst_height == src_height) {
// Straight copy.
CopyPlane_16(src, src_stride, dst, dst_stride, dst_width, dst_height);
return;
}
if (dst_width == src_width && filtering != kFilterBox) {
int dy = FixedDiv(src_height, dst_height);
// Arbitrary scale vertically, but unscaled vertically.
ScalePlaneVertical_16(src_height, dst_width, dst_height, src_stride,
dst_stride, src, dst, 0, 0, dy, 1, filtering);
return;
}
if (dst_width <= Abs(src_width) && dst_height <= src_height) {
// Scale down.
if (4 * dst_width == 3 * src_width && 4 * dst_height == 3 * src_height) {
// optimized, 3/4
ScalePlaneDown34_16(src_width, src_height, dst_width, dst_height,
src_stride, dst_stride, src, dst, filtering);
return;
}
if (2 * dst_width == src_width && 2 * dst_height == src_height) {
// optimized, 1/2
ScalePlaneDown2_16(src_width, src_height, dst_width, dst_height,
src_stride, dst_stride, src, dst, filtering);
return;
}
// 3/8 rounded up for odd sized chroma height.
if (8 * dst_width == 3 * src_width && 8 * dst_height == 3 * src_height) {
// optimized, 3/8
ScalePlaneDown38_16(src_width, src_height, dst_width, dst_height,
src_stride, dst_stride, src, dst, filtering);
return;
}
if (4 * dst_width == src_width && 4 * dst_height == src_height &&
(filtering == kFilterBox || filtering == kFilterNone)) {
// optimized, 1/4
ScalePlaneDown4_16(src_width, src_height, dst_width, dst_height,
src_stride, dst_stride, src, dst, filtering);
return;
}
}
if (filtering == kFilterBox && dst_height * 2 < src_height) {
ScalePlaneBox_16(src_width, src_height, dst_width, dst_height, src_stride,
dst_stride, src, dst);
return;
}
if (filtering && dst_height > src_height) {
ScalePlaneBilinearUp_16(src_width, src_height, dst_width, dst_height,
src_stride, dst_stride, src, dst, filtering);
return;
}
if (filtering) {
ScalePlaneBilinearDown_16(src_width, src_height, dst_width, dst_height,
src_stride, dst_stride, src, dst, filtering);
return;
}
ScalePlaneSimple_16(src_width, src_height, dst_width, dst_height, src_stride,
dst_stride, src, dst);
}
// Scale an I420 image.
// This function in turn calls a scaling function for each plane.
LIBYUV_API
int I420Scale(const uint8* src_y,
int src_stride_y,
const uint8* src_u,
int src_stride_u,
const uint8* src_v,
int src_stride_v,
int src_width,
int src_height,
uint8* dst_y,
int dst_stride_y,
uint8* dst_u,
int dst_stride_u,
uint8* dst_v,
int dst_stride_v,
int dst_width,
int dst_height,
enum FilterMode filtering) {
int src_halfwidth = SUBSAMPLE(src_width, 1, 1);
int src_halfheight = SUBSAMPLE(src_height, 1, 1);
int dst_halfwidth = SUBSAMPLE(dst_width, 1, 1);
int dst_halfheight = SUBSAMPLE(dst_height, 1, 1);
if (!src_y || !src_u || !src_v || src_width == 0 || src_height == 0 ||
src_width > 32768 || src_height > 32768 || !dst_y || !dst_u || !dst_v ||
dst_width <= 0 || dst_height <= 0) {
return -1;
}
ScalePlane(src_y, src_stride_y, src_width, src_height, dst_y, dst_stride_y,
dst_width, dst_height, filtering);
ScalePlane(src_u, src_stride_u, src_halfwidth, src_halfheight, dst_u,
dst_stride_u, dst_halfwidth, dst_halfheight, filtering);
ScalePlane(src_v, src_stride_v, src_halfwidth, src_halfheight, dst_v,
dst_stride_v, dst_halfwidth, dst_halfheight, filtering);
return 0;
}
LIBYUV_API
int I420Scale_16(const uint16* src_y,
int src_stride_y,
const uint16* src_u,
int src_stride_u,
const uint16* src_v,
int src_stride_v,
int src_width,
int src_height,
uint16* dst_y,
int dst_stride_y,
uint16* dst_u,
int dst_stride_u,
uint16* dst_v,
int dst_stride_v,
int dst_width,
int dst_height,
enum FilterMode filtering) {
int src_halfwidth = SUBSAMPLE(src_width, 1, 1);
int src_halfheight = SUBSAMPLE(src_height, 1, 1);
int dst_halfwidth = SUBSAMPLE(dst_width, 1, 1);
int dst_halfheight = SUBSAMPLE(dst_height, 1, 1);
if (!src_y || !src_u || !src_v || src_width == 0 || src_height == 0 ||
src_width > 32768 || src_height > 32768 || !dst_y || !dst_u || !dst_v ||
dst_width <= 0 || dst_height <= 0) {
return -1;
}
ScalePlane_16(src_y, src_stride_y, src_width, src_height, dst_y, dst_stride_y,
dst_width, dst_height, filtering);
ScalePlane_16(src_u, src_stride_u, src_halfwidth, src_halfheight, dst_u,
dst_stride_u, dst_halfwidth, dst_halfheight, filtering);
ScalePlane_16(src_v, src_stride_v, src_halfwidth, src_halfheight, dst_v,
dst_stride_v, dst_halfwidth, dst_halfheight, filtering);
return 0;
}
// Deprecated api
LIBYUV_API
int Scale(const uint8* src_y,
const uint8* src_u,
const uint8* src_v,
int src_stride_y,
int src_stride_u,
int src_stride_v,
int src_width,
int src_height,
uint8* dst_y,
uint8* dst_u,
uint8* dst_v,
int dst_stride_y,
int dst_stride_u,
int dst_stride_v,
int dst_width,
int dst_height,
LIBYUV_BOOL interpolate) {
return I420Scale(src_y, src_stride_y, src_u, src_stride_u, src_v,
src_stride_v, src_width, src_height, dst_y, dst_stride_y,
dst_u, dst_stride_u, dst_v, dst_stride_v, dst_width,
dst_height, interpolate ? kFilterBox : kFilterNone);
}
// Deprecated api
LIBYUV_API
int ScaleOffset(const uint8* src,
int src_width,
int src_height,
uint8* dst,
int dst_width,
int dst_height,
int dst_yoffset,
LIBYUV_BOOL interpolate) {
// Chroma requires offset to multiple of 2.
int dst_yoffset_even = dst_yoffset & ~1;
int src_halfwidth = SUBSAMPLE(src_width, 1, 1);
int src_halfheight = SUBSAMPLE(src_height, 1, 1);
int dst_halfwidth = SUBSAMPLE(dst_width, 1, 1);
int dst_halfheight = SUBSAMPLE(dst_height, 1, 1);
int aheight = dst_height - dst_yoffset_even * 2; // actual output height
const uint8* src_y = src;
const uint8* src_u = src + src_width * src_height;
const uint8* src_v =
src + src_width * src_height + src_halfwidth * src_halfheight;
uint8* dst_y = dst + dst_yoffset_even * dst_width;
uint8* dst_u =
dst + dst_width * dst_height + (dst_yoffset_even >> 1) * dst_halfwidth;
uint8* dst_v = dst + dst_width * dst_height + dst_halfwidth * dst_halfheight +
(dst_yoffset_even >> 1) * dst_halfwidth;
if (!src || src_width <= 0 || src_height <= 0 || !dst || dst_width <= 0 ||
dst_height <= 0 || dst_yoffset_even < 0 ||
dst_yoffset_even >= dst_height) {
return -1;
}
return I420Scale(src_y, src_width, src_u, src_halfwidth, src_v, src_halfwidth,
src_width, src_height, dst_y, dst_width, dst_u,
dst_halfwidth, dst_v, dst_halfwidth, dst_width, aheight,
interpolate ? kFilterBox : kFilterNone);
}
#ifdef __cplusplus
} // extern "C"
} // namespace libyuv
#endif
``` |
Stinga morrisoni, or Morrison's skipper, is a species of grass skipper in the butterfly family Hesperiidae. It is found in Central America and North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Stinga morrisoni is 4017.
References
Further reading
Hesperiinae
Articles created by Qbugbot |
The Beethoven Quartet Society was a musical society established in 1845 in London dedicated to the String quartets of Ludwig van Beethoven.
The society was established by Thomas Massa Alsager (1779–1846). Its establishment was encouraged by Alsager's "Queen Square Select Society" and John Ella's Musical Union. The Beethoven Quartet Society was based at the Beethoven Rooms at 76 Harley Street, London. Concerts were given under the title "Honour to Beethoven", and included works by other composers. One of its express aims was to study the late quartets from score. After Alsager's death in 1846 French cellist Scipion Rousselot directed the society. Violist Henry Hill (1837–1856) undertook writing the programme notes.
The society were the first to present a performance of the complete cycle of the Beethoven string quartets, running from 21 April 1845 and 16 June 1845, with Camillo Sivori, Prosper Sainton, Henry Hill and Scipion Rousselot.
Other musicians, who played at the society's concerts, include Joseph Joachim, Henryk Wieniawski (both as violinist and violist), Heinrich Wilhelm Ernst, Alfredo Piatti, Louis Ries, William Sterndale Bennett and Ludwig Straus.
One particular line-up during the 1850s was noted by Joachim's biographer Andreas Moser with Joachim and Ernst playing the violin, Wieniawski the viola, and Piatti the cello. This has been considered unlikely since Ernst's last stay is said to date from 1858, but a photograph from 1859 indeed shows the four virtuosi together.
Hector Berlioz attended at least one of the society's concerts at the "New Beethoven Room" (at the building at 27 Queen Anne Street, where Berlioz lived) and this made enough of an impression to mention it in his book Evenings with the Orchestra.
Notes
References
External links
The Great Transformation of Musical Taste contains the cover of programme notes of a concert of the society
1845 establishments in England
Classical music in London
Quartet Society
Music organisations based in the United Kingdom
Cultural organisations based in London
Arts organizations established in 1845 |
The following is a list of dams in Fukui Prefecture, Japan.
List
See also
References
Fukui |
The Older Parthenon or Pre‐Parthenon, as it is frequently referred to, constitutes the first endeavour to build a sanctuary for Athena Parthenos on the site of the present Parthenon on the Acropolis of Athens. It was begun shortly after the battle of Marathon (c. 490–88 BC) upon a massive limestone foundation that extended and leveled the southern part of the Acropolis summit. This building replaced a hekatompedon (meaning "hundred‐footer") and would have stood beside the archaic temple dedicated to Athena Polias.
The Old Parthenon was still under construction when the Persians sacked the city in the Destruction of Athens in 480 BC, and razed the acropolis during the Second Persian invasion of Greece. The existence of the proto‐Parthenon and its destruction was known from Herodotus and the drums of its columns were plainly visible built into the curtain wall north of the Erechtheum. Further material evidence of this structure was revealed with the excavations of Panagiotis Kavvadias of 1885–1890. The findings of this dig allowed Wilhelm Dörpfeld, then director of the German Archaeological Institute, to assert that there existed a distinct substructure to the original Parthenon, called Parthenon I by Dörpfeld, not immediately below the present edifice as had been previously assumed. Dörpfeld’s observation was that the three steps of the first Parthenon consist of two steps of poros limestone, the same as the foundations, and a top step of Karrha limestone that was covered by the lowest step of the Periclean Parthenon. This platform was smaller and slightly to the north of the final Parthenon, indicating that it was built for a wholly different building, now wholly covered over. This picture was somewhat complicated by the publication of the final report on the 1885–90 excavations indicating that the substructure was contemporary with the Kimonian walls, and implying a later date for the first temple.
If the original Parthenon was indeed destroyed in 480 BC, it invites the question of why the site was left a ruin for 33 years. One argument involves the oath sworn by the Greek allies before the battle of Plataea in 479 BC declaring that the sanctuaries destroyed by the Persians would not be rebuilt, an oath the Athenians were only absolved from with the Peace of Callias in 450. The mundane fact of the cost of reconstructing Athens after the Persian sack is at least as likely a cause. However the excavations of Bert Hodge Hill led him to propose the existence of a second Parthenon begun in the period of Kimon after 468 BC. Hill claimed that the Karrha limestone step Dörpfeld took to be the highest of Parthenon I was in fact the lowest of the three steps of Parthenon II whose stylobate dimensions Hill calculated to be 23.51x66.888m.
One difficulty in dating the proto‐Parthenon is that at the time of the 1885 excavation the archaeological method of seriation was not fully developed: the careless digging and refilling of the site led to a loss of much valuable information. An attempt to make sense of the potsherds found on the acropolis came with the two-volume study by Graef and Langlotz published 1925–33. This inspired American archaeologist William Bell Dinsmoor to attempt to supply limiting dates for the temple platform and the five walls hidden under the re‐terracing of the acropolis. Dinsmoor concluded that the latest possible date for Parthenon I was no earlier 495 BC, contradicting the early date given by Dörpfeld. Further Dinsmoor denied that there were two proto‐Parthenons, and that the only pre‐Periclean temple was what Dörpfeld referred to as Parthenon II. Dinsmoor and Dörpfeld exchanged views in the American Journal of Archaeology in 1935.
See also
Old Temple of Athena
References
5th-century BC religious buildings and structures
Parthenon, older
Ancient Greek buildings and structures in Athens
Temples in ancient Athens
Demolished buildings and structures in Greece |
James Anderson ( 1865–1870) was a Protestant Christian missionary who served with the London Missionary Society during the late Qing Dynasty China. He entered the country in Hong Kong on 27 December 1865 and continued on to Canton in 1867 where he remained through 1870. He and his wife left for England on 5 May 1870 for health reasons.
Works authored or edited
References
Notes
Protestant missionaries in China
Protestant writers
English Protestant missionaries
British expatriates in China |
JetLite was a low-cost subsidiary of Jet Airways. It was formerly known as Air Sahara until the buyout by Jet Airways which rebranded the airline as JetLite. On 17 April 2019, JetLite grounded all of its flights and ceased all operations, in tandem with its parent company, Jet Airways.
History
Foundation
The airline was established on 20 September 1991 and began operations on 3 December 1993 with two Boeing 737-200 aircraft as Sahara India Airlines, as part of the major Sahara India Pariwar business conglomerate. Initially, services were primarily concentrated in the northern sectors of India, keeping Delhi as its base, and then operations were extended to cover all the country. Sahara India Airlines was rebranded as Air Sahara on 2 October 2000, although Sahara India Airlines remains the carrier's registered name. On 22 March 2004 it became an international carrier with the start of flights from Chennai to Colombo, later expanding to London, Singapore, Maldives and Kathmandu. It had also planned to become the first private Indian carrier to serve China with flights to Guangzhou from winter 2006, however, this did not materialize. The uncertainty over the airline's fate caused its share of the domestic Indian air transport market to go down from approximately 11% in January 2006 to a reported 8.5% in April 2007.
Buyout by Jet Airways
Jet Airways announced its first takeover attempt on 19 January 2006, offering US$500 million (₹20 billion) in cash for the airline. Market reaction to the deal was mixed, with many analysts suggesting that Jet Airways was paying too much for Air Sahara. The Indian Civil Aviation Ministry gave approval in principle, but the deal was eventually called off over disagreements over price and the appointment of Jet chairman Naresh Goyal to the Air Sahara board. Following the failure of the deal, the companies filed lawsuits seeking damages from each other
A second, eventually successful attempt was made on 12 April 2007 with Jet Airways agreeing to pay ₹14.50 billion ($340 million). The deal gave Jet a combined domestic market share of about 32%.
On 16 April Jet Airways announced that Air Sahara will be renamed as Jetlite. The takeover was officially completed on 20 April, when Jet Airways paid ₹4 billion.
Rebranding to JetKonnect
Jetlite was merged with Jet Airways' in-house low-cost brand JetKonnect on 25 March 2012 as a move towards operating under one brand.
On 1 December 2014 JetKonnect was integrated into Jet Airways ending its own operations and now flew for them under the codeshare, using its own Air Operators Certificate and flight code S2 till the merger of the two companies was completed after approval. The aircraft fleet was also progressively being repainted in Jet Airways livery.
End of Operations
On 17 April 2019, JetLite grounded all of its flights and ceased all operations, in tandem with its parent company, Jet Airways, which also grounded all of its flights and ceased all operations on the same day.
Services
JetLite had an extensive domestic network as well as international services to Nepal and Sri Lanka that were dropped after the merger into JetKonnect, focusing only on domestic routes.
A buy onboard menu called JetCafé, with food for purchase in Economy, while free meals were offered in Business class.
Corporate Affairs
Business Trends
The key trends for Jet Lite (India) Limited ('Jet Lite') over recent years are shown below (as at year ending 31 March):
Fleet
As of April 2019 JetLite operated the following aircraft (until the merger with Jetkonnect):
In-flight services
JetLite had a buy on board service called JetCafé, offering food for purchase in Economy, while free meals were offered in Business class.
See also
Jet Airways
References
External links
Air Sahara
Official Website
Jet Airways
Sahara India Pariwar
Defunct airlines of India
Airlines established in 1991
Airlines disestablished in 2019
Companies based in Mumbai
Indian companies disestablished in 2019
Indian companies established in 1991
1991 establishments in Maharashtra |
John McKee (born 15 February 2000) is an Irish rugby union player, currently playing for United Rugby Championship and European Rugby Champions Cup side Leinster. His preferred position is hooker.
Leinster
McKee was named in the Leinster Rugby academy for the 2021–22 season. He made his debut in Round 16 of the 2021–22 United Rugby Championship against the .
Leinster Rugby announced Mckee's first senior contract with the club on 20 April 2023
References
External links
itsrugby.co.uk Profile
2000 births
Living people
Rugby union players from Belfast
Irish rugby union players
Leinster Rugby players
Rugby union hookers |
The 1972 Arkansas State Indians football team represented Arkansas State University as a member of the Southland Conference during the 1972 NCAA College Division football season. Led by second-year head coach Bill Davidson, the Indians compiled an overall record of 3–8 with a mark of 1–4 in conference play, placing in a three-way tie for fifth in the Southland.
Schedule
References
Arkansas State
Arkansas State Red Wolves football seasons
Arkansas State Indians football |
Sheila Janet Carey MBE, (née Taylor; born 12 August 1946) is a retired British middle-distance runner who represented the United Kingdom at the 1968 and 1972 Summer Olympics. In 1968, she placed fourth in the 800 metres, while in 1972, she finishing fifth in the 1500 metres, setting a new British record. She represented England at the Commonwealth Games in 1970 and 1974. She was also part of the British 4×800 metres relay team that twice broke the world record in 1970.
Career
At the 1968 Olympics in Mexico, Carey (competing under her maiden name) placed fourth in the 800 m. In June 1970, in Edinburgh, the UK 4 × 800 m relay quartet of Rosemary Stirling, Carey, Pat Lowe and Lillian Board, broke the world record with 8:27.0. Then in September at the Crystal Palace, London, the quartet of Stirling, Georgena Craig, Lowe and Carey, improved the record to 8:25.0. In between these performances, Carey competed at the Commonwealth Games in July, held in Edinburgh. She finished eighth in the 800 m final, after a fall.
Carey competed at the 1972 Olympics in Munich, where she came in fifth in the 1500 m, setting a new British record at 4:04.8. This time remained Carey's best and as of 2013, ranked 19th on the UK all-time list. The race was won by Lyudmila Bragina and saw more than five runners beating the pre-Games world record.
Carey continued to represent the UK at international level through 1973 and 1974. She ran her lifetime best for the mile, with 4:37.16 at the Crystal Palace in September 1973, where she finished second behind Joan Allison. She made her final appearance at the 1974 Commonwealth Games in Christchurch, New Zealand. There she was eliminated in her heat of the 800 m in 2:09.16.
After retiring from international athletics Carey later went on to teach in the United Kingdom, working for many years at Exhall Grange School, a school for children with sight loss and other disabilities, near Coventry in 1987. She has been part-time at the school since 2006. Carey runs the U2 Track and Field Club and organises competitions for the sports charity British Blind Sport. In 2012, she carried the Olympic torch through Warwick as part of the relay ahead of the London Olympic Games. Her school also did a mini version of the Olympic Games.
She was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2013 New Year Honours for services to disability athletics. In January 2013, Exhall Grange had a special assembly congratulating her for this. She received her award in March, where she was accompanied by her husband, one of her two daughters and one of the school's former members of staff.
They also have four grandchildren.
References
External links
Sheila Carey at sporting-heroes.net
1946 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Coventry
English female middle-distance runners
Olympic athletes for Great Britain
Athletes (track and field) at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Commonwealth Games competitors for England
Athletes (track and field) at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games
World record setters in athletics (track and field)
Members of the Order of the British Empire |
Mihail Kolganov (born 9 May 1980 in East Kazakhstan, Kazakh SSR) is a Kazakhstani former middle distance runner who specialized in the 800 and 1500 metres.
In the 800 metres he won the gold medal at the 2002 Asian Championships and finished seventh at the 2002 World Cup. He also competed at the 2004 Olympic Games, but did not progress past the first heat. His personal best time is 1:46.99 minutes, achieved in June 2004 in Almaty.
In the 1500 metres he finished twelfth at the 2003 Universiade, tenth at the 2005 Universiade and fifth at the 2005 Asian Championships. His personal best time is 3:45.65 minutes, achieved in June 2006 in Tula.
He also finished seventh in the 4x400 metres relay at the 2005 Summer Universiade.
Achievements
1Did not start in the semifinal
References
External links
1980 births
Living people
Kazakhstani male middle-distance runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Kazakhstan
Athletes (track and field) at the 2002 Asian Games
Asian Games competitors for Kazakhstan
Competitors at the 2003 Summer Universiade
Competitors at the 2005 Summer Universiade
Asian Athletics Championships winners
Sportspeople from East Kazakhstan Region
Kazakhstani people of Russian descent
21st-century Kazakhstani people |
"The Things That Dreams Are Made Of" is a song by the English synthpop group The Human League. It was originally recorded for the band's 1981 album Dare, but was remixed, remastered and released as a dance EP single in 2008. It reached number two in the official UK Dance Chart in February 2008.
Background
The song is the opening track on the Human League's Dare album, recorded at Genetic Studios in the summer of 1981. It was produced by Martin Rushent. The song is a tribute to the simple pleasures in life which are then juxtaposed against a greater ambition. Philip Oakey namechecks some of his and Philip Adrian Wright's favourite things, an eclectic list from ice cream to Norman Wisdom and the names of the band members of Ramones. Wright called the song a metaphor for the band's ambition in 1981. Backing vocals are performed by Susan Ann Sulley and Joanne Catherall (then 18-year-old schoolgirls) who today, together with Oakey, are now the only remaining band members from the original Dare line up.
Since the recording of Dare, the Human League have frequently played the song live. It was the opening track of performances on the Dare '07 tour.
The first remix of the song appeared on the band's 1982 remix album Love and Dancing, which contained remixes of various tracks from the band's Dare period. In August 2003, a mash-up of the instrumentation of "The Things That Dreams Are Made Of" and the lyrics to SOS Band's "The Finest" was released as a single under the title "Finest Dreams". Produced by Richard X, the song featured American singer Kelis on vocals. The song reached #8 on UK charts. It appears on Richard X's album Richard X Presents His X-Factor Vol. 1
In 2007, Martin Rushent's newly resurrected Genetic Recordings label released a limited edition EP of the song containing the 'More of Mix' and 'Justus Köncke Vocal Mix Edit'. Concurrently Hooj Choons issued a remix of the song by DJ/producer Tommy Bisdee aka 'Kissy Sell Out'. Realising that the song had commercial selling power, Hooj Choons then released a full commercial version on 21 January 2008.
Separate to the Hooj release, a version of the song remixed by British big beat group Groove Armada, appeared on their compilation album Late Night Tales: Groove Armada, released 12 March 2008 by Azuli Records.
Although an officially released Human League single more than a quarter of a century after its first appearance on Dare, the band themselves did not initiate its release and have had nothing to do with the record's promotion. The track became popular with DJs and in clubs, gaining its own momentum through radio play on UK national BBC Radio One. After release it reached number two on the UK Dance Chart and number 17 on the UK Indie Chart in February 2008. It was the first return to the charts for the Human League in six years.
Track listing
"The Things That Dreams Are Made Of" (original dub), mixed by Martin Rushent A
"The Things That Dreams Are Made Of" (Justus Kohncke dub), mixed by Justus Köncke A
"The Things That Dreams Are Made Of" (Richard Stone mix), mixed by Richard Stone B
Use in film and television
In the 1982 BBC2 comedy The Young Ones, the song is featured in the episode "Interesting".
The song is played in an early scene in the 1989 film Longtime Companion, which dealt with the 1980s AIDS epidemic. The scene is set in early July 1981, which presents an anachronism as the song was not released (on the Dare album) until October 1981, and even later than that in the US where the film is set.
In 2010, the song was featured in The Kevin Bishop Show Series 2, Episode 5.
Frequent use during the 1980s in the BBC2 series Ski Sunday as incidental music.
References
External links
http://www.the-black-hit-of-space.dk/things_that_dreams_are_made_of.htm
http://www.hooj.com/
2008 singles
The Human League songs
Songs written by Philip Oakey
1981 songs
Song recordings produced by Martin Rushent
Songs written by Philip Adrian Wright |
Ishqbaaaz ()(international title :Game of love ) is an Indian romantic drama television series that aired from 27 June 2016 to 15 March 2019 on Star Plus. It initially starred Nakuul Mehta, Surbhi Chandna, Kunal Jaisingh, Shrenu Parikh, Leenesh Mattoo and Mansi Srivastava. In December 2018, the show took a generation leap and aired a new season, Ishqbaaz: Pyaar Ki Ek Dhinchak Kahaani starring Nakuul Mehta and Niti Taylor.
Plot
Kalyani Singh Oberoi, the matriarch of the family has two sons, Tej and Shakti. Tej is married to Jhanvi and they have three children, Omkara, Rudra and Priyanka. Shakti is married to Pinky and has a son, Shivaay, who is the eldest grandson.
This story is about the Oberoi brothers', Shivaay, Omkara and Rudra, friendship and romances.
Shivaay crosses paths with the self righteous Annika, who confronts him for trying to suppress the poor with the misuse money and lineage. To which, Shivaay slaps her with a bunch of cash. Presuming that he won the conversation, he moves to his car, only to face Annika breaking the glass of his windshield, and slapping him with the same bunch of cash, earning the nickname "Khidki-tod".
Surprised by the video showing all these incidents, Dadi, Omkara, and Rudra find Annika at the party they had organized for their grandfather's birthday. But Shivaay ignores her there because he has no knowledge about her bloodline or lineage.
Shivaay firmly believes that he doesn't have time for love and hence plans to marry Tia Kapoor as a business deal. Dadi hires Anika as a wedding planner for Shivaay and Tia's upcoming wedding. At first, his relationship with Annika becomes more hostile due to misunderstandings.
After the misunderstandings are cleared, Shivaay starts to understand Annika and they both start to develop feelings for each other. Unaware of the emotions, Shivaay still plans to marry Tia.
Daksh, Shivaay's childhood friend turns up at his door and falls for Annika at first sight, which soon turns into an obsession. Angered after being rejected twice, Daksh lies to Shivaay that Annika agreed to sleep with him for one night in exchange for money, leading Shivaay to hate her.
On Shivaay and Tia's wedding day it is revealed that she is already married to Robin. Due to turn of events Tia runs away from her wedding which leads to Shivaay forcibly marrying Annika.
Meanwhile, Omkara crosses paths with Ishana, who introduces herself as Bela to him. Ishana wanted to marry Omkara to gain all the wealth he has, and invents lies to gain his sympathy. Ishana tries to trick both of them but fails as the three Oberoi brothers try to expose her. Some time later, Ridhima lies and betrays Omkara and collaborates with his father to make Omkara the sole heir of the Oberoi empire. Disheartened, he breaks up with her.
In the meantime, Rudra has a chance encounter with the cute and sweet Soumya, who consoles him as Shivaay's life is in danger. Rudra starts to like Romi, a hot fresher and tries his best to win her. By chance, Soumya also comes to college and is happy to see a familiar face, only to be ignored by Rudra as she was a little fat and that would have reduced his reputation. Due to the turn of events, and under the influence of alcohol, Rudra and Soumya marry, which they decide to conceal and forget.
After a rocky start, Annika and Shivaay clear the misunderstandings between them and eventually fall in love. Together, they expose Tia's marriage and her mother, Mrs. Kapoor's, evil intentions. Later, Shivaay accepts Annika as his wife in front of everyone.
Due to Priyanka's pregnancy, Shivaay fixes her wedding with a police officer, Ranveer Randhawa, who hated Priyanka as she was the reason his sister died. Kamini Khurana Randhawa, Ranveer's adoptive mother, enters. She has a past with Shivaay's father as Shakti is constantly teased by his brother about Kamini. Kamini and Ranveer have an evil plan. Meanwhile, Shivaay's doppelganger kidnaps him and takes his place in the Oberoi mansion. Suspicious, Annika finds out that he is not the real Shivaay, she rushes to find and save the real one.
Together, they expose the fake Shivaay, Mahi. Simultaneously they expose Ranveer and his foster mother, Kamini who is Shivaay's father's former girlfriend. It's revealed that Mahi is Kamini's illegitimate son with Shakti as she wants to use her son for Oberoi wealth. Afterwards, it's revealed that Priyanka isn't pregnant.
As Shivaay and Annika become closer, Pinky opposes their relationship, and blackmails Annika to leave the marriage. She reveals that Mahi is not Shivaay's doppelganger but his twin brother and that Shivaay is the illegitimate son of Shakti and Kamini. Pinky tells Anika that she has three days to leave or else she will reveal the truth to Shivaay and he will feel devastated. Shattered, Annika pours her heart out to Omkara and Rudra on the promise that they will never reveal any of the conversation to Shivaay. Annika pretends that she wants the wealth of the Oberois and that she doesn't want Shivaay to indulge with his brothers. She also claims Omkara illegitimate, which infuriates Shivaay, leading him to divorce her. After Annika leaves, he suffers a heart attack but is saved. Meanwhile, Omkara marries Gauri Kumari Sharma, but hates her and the concept of love (their story is shown more in the spinoff series Dil Boley Oberoi).
Rudra at a party falls in love with Bhavya, an undercover ACP on a mission. She later uses him for her mission, Rudra and Bhavya fake a marriage just so she can hide out in the Oberoi mansion.
Three months later
Omkara is comatose. Shivaay has become emotionless over the time and his behaviour has changed. Ragini Malhotra, a lady with fame and name becomes obsessed over Shivaay and wants to marry him. She fakes a story of her abusive fiancé Siddharth. She succeeds in gaining Shivaay's sympathy. Pinky wants Ragini as her daughter-in-law. Meanwhile, Annika, who has been depressed, has been living with her best friend Chanda, she repeatedly fails to find employment. Omkara recovers from coma and later Omkara ask Annika's help after discovering how emotionless Shivaay has become.
Annika returns and claims the Oberoi Mansion as her own after having it signed by Omkara. She promises Omkar that she will help Shivaay recover. She tries to make Shivaay jealous but her plan backfires as he claims to fix his engagement with Ragini, though not meaning it. Ragini fabricates many lies to gain sympathy from Shivaay in Pinky's advice.
Soon, Shivaay senses that maybe he didn't want to leave Annika at all but she wanted to push him away knowingly. He tries to figure out the reason, while Annika claims that Vikram Aditya Thapar, a big industrialist is her fiancé. Shockingly, Vikram takes part in the charade without being asked to. Meanwhile, Shivaay exposes Ragini's lies. Later, even after being asked to step back, Vikram doesn't, and manipulates situations between Shivika. Shivaay and the others rescue Annika from him and he brings her home, which angers Pinky.
She tries to blackmail Annika again but, Shivaay plans to spread the truth. It is revealed that Pinky had lied about the illegitimate son situation, and was also the master of all conspiracies, including the fake Shivaay. Shattered, Shivaay refuses to accept Pinky as his mother.
Later, he proposes marriage to Annika in front of the media, which she accepts, and they plan their marriage. Meanwhile, Gauri inspires Omkara's inner artist, Rudra and Bhavya form a special bond. In an exhibition, Gauri embarrasses Omkara due to her weak English and decides to learn the language so that Omkara takes pride in calling her his wife. She plans it as a surprise with only confiding it to Annika and Shivaay. Due to which, she would stay out of the house for hours without informing Omkara which leads him to suspect her.
Meanwhile, as Bhavya and Rudra fall in love with each other she reveals that she is four years older than Rudra which makes him rethink about everything between him and her. Later, he decides to let go of the age difference and follows Bhavya on her mission. But misunderstandings follow there and Bhavya decides to marry her best friend, Manav. Dejected and disheartened, Rudra insults Bhavya in front of everyone, for which Bhavya slaps him and, later refuses to marry.
Anika and Shivaay's wedding happens happily and peacefully. But after the marriage bad omens follow and Shivaay goes missing, but then returns, claiming to have no memory of Annika and introduces his wife Tanya. It is revealed that the Oberois have another brother, Abhay Singh Oberoi. Annika slowly figures out that Shivaay is just pretending to have no memory of Annika. It is also revealed that Abhay is behind the charade.
Meanwhile, Omkara's doubts about Gauri are confirmed when he sees Gauri and another man's name written in a hotel register. Also, after being framed for taking bribes, ACP Bhavya Pratap Rathore is suspended.
Omkara confronts Gauri and berates her for betraying him. In tears, Gauri clears all misunderstandings after giving him evidence of her innocence. She explains about the surprise, and confesses her true love for him in English. But heartbroken, Gauri promises to never interfere in his life ever again, and leaves for Bareilly.
Guilt stricken Omkara realizes his love for Gauri and decides to win her back. Meanwhile, Rudra still heartbroken, joins the fashion sector of the Oberoi company and appoints a suspended Bhavya as his bodyguard. He tricks her into signing a contract according to which she can't leave the job before working for three months. He humiliates and berates her, thinking she is married to Manav.
Omkara turns up at Gauri's doorstep on Karwachauth dressed up as a sardar who Gauri fails to recognize. He introduces himself as Dilpreet Singh and starts living in their house on rent. He tries to win her heart as Dilpreet Singh.
Meanwhile, Shivaay tries solving the mystery of the fire that broke out in Kalyani mills. Later together, Annika, Shivaay, Rudra, and Bhavya disguised reach Bareilly, to help Omkara win Gauri back. Gauri becomes entangled in an unnecessary marriage because of her friend. She sends Omkara and the others back but when she becomes aware of the ill intention of her fiancé she tries to escape, and to her luck, the Oberoi brothers kidnap her and bring her back to the Oberoi mansion.
Rudra feels lonely as both his brothers have their own romances to indulge into, so he plans a Goa trip with the two of them. Meanwhile, Pinky's cousin Dinky arrives who keeps pestering Annika and Gauri to not have blind faith in their husbands.
On the way, the Oberoi brothers have a chance encounter with Piya, a dance choreographer who drugs them, dances with them and makes a video of it. The next morning, the brothers wake up oblivious of what happened the previous night. They rush back home, only to find that Piya is also at the Oberoi mansion as Dinky's family friend's daughter. It is revealed that Dinky planned this charade.
Piya initially threatens to show this video in public but gradually understands that they are truthful and trustworthy. She steps back but Dinky displays this video in Dadi's birthday party only to realize later that the brothers have earned the trust from their wives truthfully.
The next morning, Annika requests Shivaay for tamarind according to a diet plan she was planning to follow. Dinky overhears the tamarind and suspects pregnancy. After not having anything for hours, Annika faints near the dining table during lunch. This confirms Dinky and she announces Annika's pregnancy. Only to realize later that Annika and Shivaay haven't consummated their relationship yet. After which they plan to consummate and succeed.
Abhay returns with the claims of being another Oberoi brother. He also brings Svetlana into the Oberoi mansion claiming to be her husband. Meanwhile, Rudra still assumes Bhavya is married to Manav, berates her for one last time and fires her from the job only to realize that she was never married to Manav. Later Svetlana blackmails Shivaay into transferring Rudra and Omkara's property to her.
This leads to misunderstandings between Tej and Shivaay, resulting in Shivaay and Annika leaving the Oberoi mansion and going for their "Vanvas". They leave for Goa, while the Oberoi family and mansion are split in two. In Goa, they meet Veer Pratap Chauhan, their new neighbor, who turns out to be planted by Svetlana to seek revenge on Annika. He tries to prove Annika mad so that Shivaay would leave her and he would save Annika.
Failed, he then tries to kill Shivaay. Meanwhile, Shivaay and Soumya bring Bhavya and Rudra face-to-face in his house in Goa one last time before Bhavya leaves for abroad, where Rudra confesses his true feelings to her and proposes marriage to her.
While Rudra plans to marry in Goa with Shivaay, Tej performs Gauri's last rites as she fails to obey his orders. Disheartened, Gauri and Omkara also arrive at Shivaay's house in Goa. Happily, the three Oberoi brothers and their wives with grandmother's blessings perform Rudra and Bhavya's pre-wedding rituals. Soumya reveals to Veer that she is the younger sister of Svetlana and Tia and now she wants to marry Rudra. She joins forces with Veer.
Veer tricks Tej into signing the house deeds to be auctioned, from which Shivaay saves them. At same time he exposes Svetlana and again lives in the Oberoi mansion as everybody blames Tej of the troubles and he leaves.
On Valentine's Day, Annika figures out that Veer is not what he seems to be and tries to warn Shivaay but, that night Shivaay shoots Annika dead. Panicked and guilt stricken, he unknowingly takes help from Veer.
The next day Shivaay keeps a press conference where somebody plays the leaked video of Shivaay shooting Annika. As Shivaay is about to be arrested a police inspector brings a woman into the house with looks exactly like Annika.
Shivaay refuses to believe their claims as he knows that he had killed her and tests her in many ways which surprisingly she passes.
Later that day Veer and Shivaay return to the place where they had buried Annika and find the real Annika in the coffin. Knowing the truth, Veer leaves, ShiOmRu digs Annika out and in a series of flashbacks, it is revealed that Annika's murder and fake Anika was a part of the plan devised by Shivika.
Annika, disguised as Kumari Rosie Rani, tricks Veer into Shiomru's plan. At holi while everyone was drunk, Veer reveals that he's the son of Roop therefore he is Shivaay, Omkara and Rudra's cousin. Annika tricks Veer along with ShiOmRu so that he makes her his partner. Later Shivaay decides to investigate the Kalyani Mills incident again. He finds out the foreman who is Harsh Vardhan Trivedi. Roop reveals to Veer that she is responsible for the Kalyani Mills fire and the murders of Mr. Kapoor and Harsh. She hatches an evil plan. Shivaay also finds out that Annika is the daughter of Harsh. Annika discovers Gauri is her long-lost sister Chukti.
Redux story
The story takes a different leap, where an author and public speaker, returns all of them to where the story started and changes their lives by changing the circumstances.
Now, Shivaay is a stoic, no-nonsense businessman who is hurt by his parents' death. Pinky's suicide and Shakti's discovery of his affair haunt him. Omkara is also shown as a businessman. Rudra is shown as a supermodel who uses his fame and money as an excuse for everything he does. Priyanka is shown as Shivaay's younger sister this time.
Annika and Gauri live with their aunt who hates them because their mother left their father for another man. Gauri knows nothing of the incident and Annika struggles to make ends meet. She is constantly stressed about paying for Gauri's college tuition, Sahil's medications and house rent, with no help from her aunt.
Although Shivaay and Annika meet, they have a rocky relationship due to Shivaay's distrust of women, Gauri and Omkara meet, and instantly hit it off, Bhavya and Rudra also meet, but his misuse of money and fame irks Bhavya. Shivaay and Annika become closer when the latter is hired by Shivaay's sister Priyanka as a wedding planner. Shivaay is engaged to Tia on the insistence of his grandmother and Priyanka is engaged to Tia's brother Daksh. Both Tia and Daksh are bankrupt and are marrying the Oberoi siblings only for money. Daksh misbehaves with Annika who tries to expose his true nature but fails as Shivaay refuses to believe her.
On Daksh and Priyanka's wedding day, Daksh runs away after being blackmailed by Annika, Priyanka searches for him, meets with an accident and goes into coma. Shivaay holds Annika responsible and marries her forcibly. Eventually, Shivaay realizes Daksh's truth and Priyanka recovers. Shivaay publicly exposes Daksh and asks forgiveness from Annika. Shivaay restores Annika's reputation in society and decides to divorce her. After a long struggle Annika makes Shivaay realise that they are made for each other. Tej returns to India to take over the Oberoi empire, is jealous of Shivaay's fame, and hires Shivaay's friend Mohit to destroy his fame. Mohit comes to Oberoi Mansion along with Nancy, who is one day found murdered in Shivaay's room and he is blamed for it. Later, Shivaay discovers that Nancy was alive and she was not the real Nancy, but she was Mohit's assistant, the dead woman was the real Nancy. Mohit killed his own wife for the sake of her property, Mohit is arrested by Bhavya. Shivaay discovers Tej's intentions. Tej tries to kill his own children, forcing Shivaay to intervene. Shivaay kills Tej and is sent to prison for seven years.
Five years later
In Shivaay's absence, Om and Rudra take over his business and have grown to hate him for killing Tej. The brothers' evil aunt, Roop, reappears to kill Shivaay. Rudra discovers the real reason Shivaay killed Tej and the brothers are reunited. Later, Shivaay remarries Annika. Priyanka marries Shivaay's business rival Jai Kothari.
When Sahil is arrested for drunk driving, Shivaay refuses to bail him out before letting him spend a night in jail, as a result, Sahil vows to retaliate against Shivaay. Jai tries to kill Annika as revenge on Shivaay, but Shivaay saves Annika from her kidnappers. But Shivika's happiness ends soon as they are murdered by an unknown assailant.
20 years later
Annika and Shivaay's son, Shivaansh is a superstar and lives with his great-grandmothers, Kalyani and Aruna. He has a sister, Shivani. Rudra and Bhavya have a son, Dhruv, and Om and Gauri have a daughter, Radhika. She is married to Varun and harbours a secret enmity against the Oberois. Shivaansh has only one dream - to build a hospital in his parents' memory to provide free treatment for poor children. He is shown to be fighting a terminal disease and has a short time left to live.
Aditi Deshmukh, the ACP, is introduced as a self-made, strong Marathi girl who supports her uncle, aunt, and a younger sister. While her sister, Mahu, is a big fan of Shivaansh, Aditi has a strong prejudice against his fame. Aditi's father is revealed to have gone missing when she was a child, making her determined to find him. She is later revealed to be aiding Varun in planning against the Oberois.
Mannat Kaur Khurana is an orphan. Poor, unemployed and treated as a burden by her relatives, she is honest and principled. She gets a job at the Oberoi mansion. Meanwhile, Varun realises that Shivaansh may live if a heart transplant is successful so he abducts Mannat's friend, Munni, and blackmails Mannat. Shivaansh decides to pretend to marry Sonya, an actress, to make his ailing great-grandmother happy. Plotting against Shivaansh, Varun swaps Sonya with Mannat and has them married. Varun then blackmails Mannat to destroy the heart-rate tracker crucial for Shivaansh's treatment so Mannat can inherit Shivaansh's wealth after his death but he fails. Eventually, the story ends with Sahil being exposed as Shivaay and Annika's killer, and Shivaansh and Mannat confessing their love for each other.
Cast
Main
Nakuul Mehta as
Shivaay Singh Oberoi: Pinky and Shakti's son; Omkara, Rudra and Priyanka's cousin; Anika's husband; Shivaansh and Shivani's father (Dead)
Shivansh Singh Oberoi: Anika and Shivaay's son; Shivani's brother; Dhruv and Radhika's cousin; Mannat's husband
Maaz Champ as Child Shivansh Singh Oberoi
Surbhi Chandna as Anika Trivedi Singh Oberoi: Harsh's elder daughter; Gauri's sister; Shivaay's wife; Shivansh and Shivani's mother (Dead)
Nitanshi Goel as Child Anika Trivedi
Kunal Jaisingh as Omkara Singh Oberoi: Jhanvi and Tej's son; Rudra and Priyanka's brother; Shivaay's cousin; Gauri's husband; Radhika's father
Shrenu Parikh as Gauri Trivedi Singh Oberoi: Harsh's younger daughter; Anika's sister; Omkara's wife; Radhika's mother
Leenesh Mattoo as Rudra Singh Oberoi: Jhanvi and Tej's son; Omkara and Priyanka's brother; Shivaay's cousin; Bhavya's husband; Dhruv's father
Mansi Srivastava as ACP Bhavya Rathore Singh Oberoi: Rudra's wife; Dhruv's mother
Niti Taylor as Mannat Khurana Singh Oberoi: Oberoi's former employee; Pramod's daughter; Shivansh's wife
Recurring
Navnindra Behl as Kalyani Singh Oberoi: Matriarch of Oberois'; Tej and Shakti's mother; Shivaay, Omkara, Rudra and Priyanka's grandmother; Shivansh, Shivani, Dhruv and Radhika's great-grandmother
Mahesh Thakur as Tej Singh Oberoi: Kalyani's elder son; Shakti's brother; Jhanvi's husband; Omkara, Rudra and Priyanka's father; Dhruv and Radhika's grandfather (Dead)
Mrinal Deshraj as Jahnvi Malhotra Singh Oberoi: Tej's wife; Omkara, Rudra and Priyanka's mother; Dhruv and Radhika's grandmother
Siraj Mustafa Khan as Shakti Singh Oberoi: Kalyani's younger son; Tej's brother; Pinky's husband; Shivaay's father; Shivansh and Shivani's grandfather (2016–2018) (Dead)
Nitika Anand as Pinky Sehgal Singh Oberoi: Shakti's wife; Shivaay's mother; Shivansh and Shivani's grandmother (2016–2018) (Dead)
Sushmita Mukherjee as Dolly Singh Oberoi
Vishavpreet Kaur/Shraddha Kaul as Roop Singh Oberoi: Shivaay, Omkara, Rudra and Priyanka's aunt
Subha Rajput as Priyanka Singh Oberoi Kothari: Tej and Jhanvi's daughter; Omkara and Rudra's sister; Shivaay's cousin; Jai's wife
Pal John as Shivani Singh Oberoi: Shivaay and Anika's daughter; Shivansh's sister; Radhika and Dhruv's cousin
Sharain Khanduja as Radhika Singh Oberoi: Gauri and Omkara's daughter; Shivansh, Shivani and Dhruv's cousin
Aadhya Bharot as Child Radhika Singh Oberoi
Abhishek Singh Pathania as Dhruv Singh Oberoi: Bhavya and Rudra's son; Shivansh, Shivani and Radhika's cousin
Manjiri Pupala as Aditi Deshmukh: A corrupt ACP; Mahu's sister; Ashish's accomplice; Shivansh's enemy
Nikitin Dheer as Veer Singh Oberoi
Avinash Mishra as Abhay Singh Oberoi: Vishal's son; Svetlana's husband
Anisha Hinduja as Shobhana Kapoor: Swetlana, Tita and Saumya's mother (2016–2017)
Reyhna Malhotra as Svetlana Kapoor: Shobhana's eldest daughter; Tia and Saumya's sister; Abhay's wife; Tej and Omkara's ex-fiancée
Navina Bole as Tia Kapoor: Shobhana's second daughter; Svetlana and Saumya's sister; Dushyant's wife; Shivaay's ex-fiancée
Nehalaxmi Iyer as Saumya Kapoor: Shobhana's youngest daughter; Svetlana and Tia's sister
Vividha Kirti as Komal Singh Oberoi: Veer's wife
Rishika Mihani as Monali Pratap Chauhan: Veer's fake wife
Unknown as Sweta: Veer and Monali's fake child
Unknown as Ratan: Dolly's son
Unknown as Vishal Singh Oberoi: Abhay's father; Kalyani's nephew-in-law
Amar Upadhyay as Sahil Trivedi: Anika and Gauri's adopted brother; Shivaay's murderer
Aryan Prajapati as Child Sahil Trivedi
Naman Mukul as Mr. Khanna: Oberoi family's bodyguard
Ayush Anand as Ranveer Singh Randhawa: Police officer and former ACP, Kamini's adoptive son, Mahi's adoptive brother, Priyanka's husband
Vrushika Mehta as Ishana: a con-artist
Krissann Barretto as Romi: Dushyant's sister, Tia's sister-in-law, Saumya's childhood best friend, Rudra's ex-girlfriend
Additi Gupta as Ragini Malhotra
Saurabh Kushwaha as Dushyant/Robin: Tia's husband
Karan Khanna as Daksh Khurana: Kamini's brother, Mahi's uncle, Ranveer's adoptive uncle, Shivaay's childhood friend, Annika's former fiancé
Sheeba Chaddha as Maadhuri: a police inspector
Amrapali Gupta as Kamini Khurana: Shakti's ex-girlfriend, Mahi's mother, Ranveer's adoptive mother
Rahul Dev as Kaali Thakur: a landowner and don of Bareilly, Gauri's ex-fiancé
Anjali Mukhi as Nayantara: a bar dancer, Annika's fake mother
Ankit Raaj as Samarjeet Malhotra: Ragini's brother
Danish Pandor as Vikram Thapar: Annika's ex-fiancé
Nitin Bhatia as Nandi "Muthu Swami Iyer" (2017)
Pratibha Tiwari as Tanya Singh Oberoi: Abhay's wife (2017)
Surbhi Jyoti as Mallika Choudhary: Shivaay's former girlfriend, Siddharth's fiancée (2016)
Neelam Panchal as Vandana Chaturvedi: Sahil's mother, Annika's adoptive mother (2018)
Shaleen Malhotra as Siddharth Vikram Rana: Vikram and Ketaki's son, Mallika's fiancé, Shivaay's business rival (2016)
Naved Aslam as Vikram Rana: Ketaki's husband, Siddharth's father (2016)
Manasi Salvi as Ketaki Rana: Vikram's wife, Siddharth's mother (2016)
Aashish Kaul as Mr. Chhabra: Mrs. Chabra's husband, Dev and Reyaan's father (2016)
Anandi Tripathi as Mrs. Chhabra: Mr. Chabra's wife, Reyaan's mother, Dev's step-mother (2016)
Hiten Meghrajani as Reyaan Chhabra: Mr. Chabra and Mrs. Chabra's son, Dev's half-brother, Saumya's ex-boyfriend (2016)
Ish Thakkar as Dev Chhabra: Mr. Chabra's son, Mrs. Chabra's step-son, Reyaan's half-brother, Priyanka's ex-fiancé (2016)
TBA as Zakir: Shivaay's close friend (2017)
Zain Imam as Mohit Malhotra, Nancy's husband, Shivaay's ex-friend (2018)
Mandana Karimi as Nancy Malhotra - Mohit's wife (2018)
Prakhar Toshniwal as Viraj (2018)
Kiran Janjani as Abhimanyu Raheja (2018)
Srishty Rode as Fiza Khan (2018)
Ankit Siwach as Farhan Khan (2018)
Malhar Pandya as Jay Kothari: Priyanka's husband (2018)
Veena Mehta as Kalyani's older sister (2018–2019)
Abhishek Tewari as Nikhil - Anika's ex-fiancée (2018)
Saransh Verma as Avi - Shivaansh's manager and friend (2018–2019)
Supriya Pilgaonkar as Nandini Dixit - the police commissioner, Shivaansh's mother-figure (2018)
Anup Ingale as Khanna Jr. - Khanna's son, Shivaansh's bodyguard and friend (2018–2019)
Manisha Singh Chauhan as Asiya - Shivaansh's publicist and friend (2018–2019)
Guests
Shivangi Joshi as Naira Singhania Goenka, for advertising wedding Sequence
Mohena Singh as Keerti Goenka Singhania, for advertising wedding Sequence
Arjun Bijlani as Raghav, special appearance
Drashti Dhami as Naina, special appearance
Barun Sobti as Advay Singh Raizada - Shivaay's close friend, a special appearance to promote his show Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon 3 (2017)
Kriti Sanon, Ayushmann Khurrana and Rajkummar Rao to promote their film Bareilly Ki Barfi (2017)
Badshah as himself, a special appearance for Shivaay-Anika's Haldi ceremony (2017)
Aakriti Sharma as Kullfi, a special appearance to promote her show Kullfi Kumarr Bajewala (2018)
Supriya Pathak as Hansa Parekh, to promote her new show Khichdi Returns (2018)
Production
On 18 June 2018, a reboot version, Ishqbaaaz: Redux, was launched with a new love story of the leads from the beginning.
Cancellation
Owing to its declining viewership ratings, it took a leap in December 2018 which starred Nakuul Mehta and Manjiri Pupala. As it failed to increase the ratings, Pupala's character was turned negative, resulting in her resignation. Eventually, Niti Taylor was hired to play Mannat Kaur Khurana. The expected ratings were not delivered and it went off air on 15 March 2019.
Spin-off
Dil Boley Oberoi, premiered on 13 February 2017. The show focused on the lives of Omkara and Rudra. It is the first Indian soap to have a spin-off. On 7 July 2017, Dil Boley Oberoi ended and the storyline was merged into Ishqbaaaz. In Dil Boley Oberoi, Shrenu Parikh was introduced as Kunal Jaisingh's character's love interest.
Series detail
Soundtrack
The Ishqbaaaz soundtrack was written by Shaheen Iqbal and composed by Sanjeev Srivastava. Sanjeev Srivastava had composed the original songs and background score for the show. The original version of the album was released on 7 August 2016. "O Jaana", the theme song of the serial was performed by Pamela Jain and Bhaven Dhanak.
"O Saathiya", the theme song of Dil Boley Oberoi, the album released on 1 May 2017. Firstly, the song was made for Omkara and Ishana, but after Ishana left, the song was not used at Ishqbaaaz. When Dil Boley Oberoi aired on, the female version by Pamela Jain was released, but now it also used on this show for Omkara and Gauri, after merging with Ishqbaaaz.
Adaptations
Awards
Asian Viewers Television Awards
Gold Awards
Kalakar Awards
Indian Television Academy Awards
Indian Telly Awards
References
External links
Ishqbaaaz Streaming on Hotstar
2016 Indian television series debuts
2019 Indian television series endings
Hindi-language television shows
Indian drama television series
Television shows set in Mumbai
StarPlus original programming
Television series by 4 Lions Films |
The Cook Inlet natural gas leak began in December 2016, when a pipeline ruptured. A methane leak resulted, under water, beneath Turnagain Arm in Cook Inlet, near Nikiski, Alaska, southwest of Anchorage.
Outcome
The escaped gas rose into Earth's atmosphere after clearing the surface. An estimated 6 to 8.8 million litres (210,000 to 310,000 cubic feet) of natural gas was released from the damaged pipe per day. The leak was first reported in February 2017. The pipeline operator, Hilcorp Energy, said that there was too much sea ice to safely launch a repair mission. They added that shutting off the flow of natural gas through the pipeline would compound the problem, because the pipe had previously been used to transport crude oil and the residual crude in the pipe would then be exposed to the sea water once the pipeline was depressurized.
The leak was reported to be dry natural gas being sent to the platforms as fuel, which consists of 99% methane. Divers reported that the leak was caused by the pipeline being laid across a rock on the ocean floor, resulting in a small hole.
Non-profit organizations representing the environment have either sued or expressed interest in suing Hilcorp Energy, claiming that the ongoing situation is a danger to beluga whales and other marine life.
The leak was repaired April 13, 2017 when divers were able to install a clamp on the leaking pipe.
Litigation and state response
The Alaska-based environmental organization Cook Inlet Keeper has sent a letter to Hilcorp Energy, stating their intent to sue the energy company, for what the group alleges are violations of the Clean Water Act. The Center for Biological Diversity further alleges that Hilcorp Energy is in violation of four federal laws. In addition to the Clean Water Act, the Center maintains that Hilcorp is violating the Clean Air Act, the Endangered Species Act and the Pipeline Safety Act in a letter to the company announcing the Centers planned litigation against them.
In addition, the administration of Alaska Governor Bill Walker, through the cabinet-level Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC), has demanded that Hilcorp Energy closely monitor the environmental impact of the ongoing leak. ADEC has also requested that Hilcorp hire specialists to look for dead fish and other marine life in the area, and to come up with a repair plan by March 8, 2017.
References
2016 disasters in the United States
2017 disasters in the United States
2016 in Alaska
2017 in Alaska
November 2016 events in the United States
December 2016 events in the United States
January 2017 events in the United States
February 2017 events in the United States
March 2017 events in the United States
April 2017 events in the United States
Natural gas safety
Pipeline accidents in the United States |
Martin Patton (October 21, 1970 – November 20, 2012) was a running back in the Canadian Football LeagueNFL New England Patriots.
Originally playing with the powerhouse University of Miami Hurricanes, Patton ran into legal trouble. He received probation for credit card fraud and later had an altercation with police after a car accident (Patton lost most of his family in automotive accidents). His promising opportunity ended when he was dropped by the Hurricanes and he finished his college at Texas A&I. He led the Javelinas in rushing yards, with 876, in 1992 and was a Lone Star Conference all-star.
He played professional football with the CFL and the New England Patriots expansion Shreveport Pirates in 1994, leading the team with 659 rushing yards and 8 touchdowns. In 1995, he rushed for over 1,000 yards (1040) and was 3rd best rusher in the league. He finished his career in 1996 with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers.
Finally, Patton is in the CFL record books, tied with Earl Lunsford for having scored 5 rushing touchdowns in one game, against Winnipeg on August 5, 1995.
Patton died in a car accident on November 20, 2012, in Shelby County, Texas. He is survived by his beloved children
References
1970 births
2012 deaths
Shreveport Pirates players
Winnipeg Blue Bombers players
Canadian football running backs
Miami Hurricanes football players
Texas A&M–Kingsville Javelinas football players
African-American players of Canadian football
[[Category:New England Patriots
Road incident deaths in Texas
20th-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century African-American sportspeople
Players of Canadian football from Texas |
BAF Shaheen College Dhaka () also known as BAFSD or Dhaka Shaheen is a co-educational Bangladeshi college (grades KG-XII) established and controlled by the Bangladesh Air Force and primarily for the children of Air Force personnel. But students from the civilian section can also study at the college. This college is located at Jahangir Gate, Dhaka Cantonment, Dhaka, Bangladesh. There are seven BAF Shaheen Colleges across the country including one more in Kurmitola, Dhaka and a BAF Shaheen English Medium College that is operated by the Bangladesh Air Force.
History
The institution was established on 1 March 1960 in Jahangir Gate, Dhaka Cantonment, Dhaka, Bangladesh, for the children of the Air Force personnel as Shaheen School, an English-medium school. Later in 1967 Bengali medium was introduced along with English medium. Meanwhile, Shaheen School was renamed as "Shaheen High School" and within a few years was recognized by the Board of Higher Secondary Education, Dhaka. In the academic year 1977-78 Shaheen High School was renamed "BAF Shaheen College Dhaka" for the purpose of upgrading it to a higher secondary college. Degree (pass course) was introduced in the academic year 1990-91 and since then BAF Shaheen College Dhaka continues to function as a degree college. However, the degree was abolished from the academic year 2006–07. At present, the college conducts educational programs from infant to class 12 as per the rules of the Directorate of Primary Education, Directorate of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education, and Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education. Co-curricular activities are running here. In the academic year 2006, English medium was introduced along with Bengali medium according to the educational policy of the National Curriculum and Textbook Board. Group Captain Bhogar was the then Base Officer-in-Command of the Pakistan Air Force and also the Officer-in-Charge of Civil Aviation. At that time all the officers and employees of Pakistan Air Force, Army, Civil Aviation, and PIA (Pakistan International Airlines) were West Pakistani and Urdu speaking.
Academics
Teaching is done in Bengali and English . The institution has three parts:
Primary Division (KG to Class V)
Junior Secondary and Secondary (6th to 10th Class)
College (Class XI & XII)
Shaheen School Authority releases an admission circular for KG class every year (both an English version and Bengali-medium), and the college authority publishes an admission circular every year after the publication of the Secondary School Certificate results. New students (both boys and girls) are admitted to the 11th grade via online applications.
Sports Facilities and Hockey field
BAF Shaheen College Dhaka has several playgrounds for sports. BAFSD has teams for football, cricket, squash, basketball, table tennis, hockey, badminton, handball, and volleyball that participate in national and regional games. BAFSD also hosts many tournaments on its grounds. Within the college, teams from the houses take part in annual football, cricket, squash, basketball, table tennis, hockey, badminton, handball, and volleyball tournaments.
BAF Shaheen College Dhaka hockey field in Dhaka is the home ground for BAF Shaheen College Dhaka Hockey Team. It is the only institutional hockey ground in Bangladesh to contain artificial turf. A number of national-level tournaments are held there every year. It was constructed in 2014 to provide better infrastructural facilities to its hockey team and giving opportunities at the school and college level to arrange tournaments of international standard. Its construction began in December 2014. It was opened at the end of that month, making it the first artificial hockey turf of institutional level in Bangladesh.
Publications
BAF Shaheen College Dhaka publishes the college annual magazine Abahon (আবাহন) every year. The students and teachers of the college from infant classes to higher secondary classes enrich the college anniversary stream by writing stories, poems, essays, paintings, practical experiences, travelogues etc. Apart from this, annual programs and important activities of the college, academic and co-curricular activities, results and glorious achievements, class-wise students' photos etc. are published in the yearbook.
Notable Alumni
Sheikh Rehana Siddiq
Sheikh Kamal
Sheikh Jamal
Tarique Rahman
Atiqul Islam, politician and mayor
Shampa Reza, singer, model and actress
Kazi Salahuddin, President of Bangladesh Football Federation
Meher Afroz Shaon, actress, director and playback singer
Aupee Karim, actress, model, architect and dancer
Khaled Mahmud, former cricketer and coach
Hasan Masood, actor, former journalist and military officer
References
External links
BAF Shaheen College Dhaka Official Website
Bangladesh Air Force
Universities and colleges in Dhaka
Schools in Dhaka District
Colleges in Dhaka District
1960 establishments in East Pakistan
Educational institutions established in 1960
Colleges in Bangladesh |
Émile Henri Gustave Vautrey (22 June 1855 – 30 December 1923) was a 19th-century French poet and playwright.
A civil servant, his plays were given at the Théâtre de l'Odéon and the Théâtre de Paris.
He was made chevalier of the Légion d'honneur 29 October 1898.
Works
1877: L'Obole du voleur, poetry
1878: Barcarolle !, poetry
1882: Le Mariage de Racine, comedy in 1 act, in verse, with Guillaume Livet
1887: Avant la pièce, prologue in verse
1894: Ode au général Margueritte
Notes
19th-century French dramatists and playwrights
19th-century French poets
Knights of the Legion of Honour
1855 births
Writers from Paris
1923 deaths |
The GW4 Alliance (also known as GW4) is a consortium of four research intensive universities in South West England and Wales. It was formed in January 2013 by the universities of Bath, Bristol, Cardiff and Exeter to enhance research collaboration and innovation, and launched at the House of Commons in October 2014. It is the UK's first pan-regional partnership, involving an institution from a devolved nation.
History
The idea for the GW4 Alliance was first proposed in 2011 by Sir Eric Thomas, the then-Vice Chancellor of the University of Bristol. The concept was to bring together the research strengths of the four universities in order to achieve greater impact and competitiveness in research, innovation, and knowledge exchange.
The GW4 universities contribute to the global knowledge economy with a combined annual research income of over £465 million and a £2.4 billion annual turnover. GW4 universities employ over 13,000 academic staff and educate over 33,000 postgraduate and 82,000 undergraduate students. GW4 institutions host over 40 externally funded Doctoral Training Centres and Partnerships and are home to over 7000 doctoral researchers. Of these, 14 are GW4 programmes covering a range of disciplines and include industry placements.
Since the alliance's inception, multiple rounds of funding have been secured for projects spanning a range of disciplines. In 2014, the group launched a research project into the use of algae to clean up contaminated water at the Wheal Jane tin mine and extract the heavy metals. In 2015 the consortium secured £4.6M from the Medical Research Council for a collaborative PhD training programme in biomedical research.
In 2016, in accordance with alliance's commitment to collaboration, the GW4 Alliance received funding from the Arts and Humanities Research Council to carry out a project "GW4 Bridging the Gap" to encourage collaboration between universities, cultural organisations and local authorities with the aim of growing the creative and cultural economy in South West England and South Wales. In 2019, GW4 developed this project and partnered with the National Trust, the first regional partnership of its kind for the National Trust, involving multiple universities across the South West and Wales.
GW4 provides seed funding for collaborative, interdisciplinary research and innovation research communities. The GW4 Alliance has invested over £3.2M in 105 collaborative research communities, which have generated £63.4M in research income. For every £1 GW4 spends on collaborative research communities, GW4 captures £20 in external research awards.
In 2018, in collaboration with the Met Office, and global supercomputer leader Cray Inc., the GW4 announced the largest Arm-based Supercomputer in Europe, GW4 Isambard. In 2020, GW4 together with the Met Office, Hewlett Packard Enterprise and other partners, were awarded £4.1 million by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council to create Isambard 2, a £6.5 million facility, hosted by the Met Office in Exeter and utilised by the universities of Bath, Bristol, Cardiff and Exeter, and external researchers, doubling the size of GW4 Isambard.
A strategic partnership between the GW4 Alliance and Western Gateway was announced in March 2022, aiming to strengthen collaborative activities to drive green and economic regional growth. The partnership will work together to level up communities and help the world achieve a net zero carbon economy. In August 2022, the partnership announced a vision for South West England and South Wales to become the UK's first Hydrogen Ecosystem. An interactive online map has been released, highlighting the numerous industries, universities, research organisations and local authorities involved in realising hydrogen's potential as a low carbon energy source.
GW4 has also partnered with the Great South West, which covers Devon, Cornwall, Somerset, and Dorset – an area whose economy is worth £64.4 billion – almost double the size of Greater Manchester or West Midlands.
In 2023, the vice-chancellors of the GW4 Alliance institutions wrote to the science secretary, Michelle Donelan, and the education secretary, Gillian Keegan, calling on the government to expand childcare support schemes so they can be accessed by postgraduate researchers. This move reflected the GW4 Alliance's commitment to supporting researchers, further demonstrated by the number of GW4's various innovative programmes available supporting researchers from diverse backgrounds, notably GW4Connect.
See also
N8 Research Partnership
Science and Engineering South
M5
Eastern Arc
References
External links
College and university associations and consortia in the United Kingdom
University of Bath
University of Bristol
Cardiff University
University of Exeter
2013 establishments in the United Kingdom
Organizations established in 2013 |
The 1999 PBA All-Filipino Cup or known as the 1999 McDonald's-PBA All-Filipino Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the First Conference of the 1999 PBA season. It started on February 7 and ended on June 6, 1999. The tournament is an All-Filipino format, which doesn't require an import or a pure-foreign player for each team.
Format
The following format will be observed for the duration of the conference:
Two-round eliminations; 16 games per team. 8 teams will advance to the Quarterfinals.
Quarterfinals: top 4 seeded teams will have twice-to-beat advantage
QF1: 1st seed vs. 8th seed
QF2: 2nd seed vs. 7th seed
QF3: 3rd seed vs. 6th seed
QF4: 4th seed vs. 5th seed
Best-of-five Semifinals: winners of each pairings
SF1: QF1 vs. QF4
SF2: QF2 vs. QF3
Third-place match: One-game playoff
LSF1 vs. LSF2
Finals: Best-of-7 championship series
F1: WSF1 vs. WSF2
Elimination round
Team standings
Eighth seed playoff
Bracket
Quarterfinals
(1) Mobiline vs. (8) Barangay Ginebra
With a 7–0 start, Mobiline had a losing run to finish the elimination round. Being the #1 seed, they faced the ragtag Barangay Ginebra Kings with a twice to beat advantage.
The Kings managed to keep in step with the Phone Pals throughout the game; with Mobiline leading by one point in the closing seconds, Bal David converted a jump-shot as time expired that caused jubilation at the mostly pro-Ginebra crowd. Asi Taulava broke down and slumped to the bench right after David's game-clinching jumper and booked a flight to the United States the day after the game.
(2) Alaska vs. (7) Purefoods
(3) Tanduay vs. (6) Pop Cola
(4) Shell vs. (5) San Miguel
Semifinals
(2) Alaska vs. (3) Tanduay
(4) Shell vs. (8) Barangay Ginebra
Barangay Ginebra would come up short in their playoffs run as the Zoom Masters swept them in their semifinals series, 3–0. Game 2 had a free-for all bench-clearing brawl that saw punches being thrown; Shell player Jay Mendoza instigated the fight when he elbowed Ginebra's Wilmer Ong. A total of ₱235,000 worth of fines were issued by PBA commissioner Jun Bernardino, the second-greatest amount since the 1990 Finals played ironically, by Shell and Ginebra where Ginebra walked out to hand Shell the championship trophy.
Third-place playoff
Finals
References
External links
PBA.ph
All-Filipino Cup
PBA Philippine Cup |
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|day = 21
|year = 2023
|time = 11:19
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REDIRECT JVC
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A moral victory occurs when a person, team, army or other group loses a confrontation, and yet achieves some other moral gain. This gain might be unrelated to the confrontation in question, and the gain is often considerably less than what would have been accomplished if an actual victory had been achieved.
For example, a sports team that is a heavy underdog and loses narrowly to a superior opponent might claim a moral victory, acquitting themselves well even in defeat. A team that plays fairly and loses to a cheating team might also claim a moral victory in spite of the loss.
Another moral victory can be seen in Arthur Miller's play The Crucible, where the character Giles Corey was pressed to death by large stones because he remained silent, neither denying nor confirming the accusations of witchcraft. Because "witches" had all their land and property taken from them, his silence allowed his children to inherit his land when they could not have otherwise.
Others may include scenarios in which a force loses a struggle, but inflicts great losses upon their opponents (the opposite of a Pyrrhic victory. Examples include the Battle of the Alamo and the Battle of Thermopylae).
References
Sports terminology
Sports culture
Victory |
Laili also Mare Laili was a mare warhorse belonging to Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Sikh Empire (Punjab). He fought the Afghan war with Sultan Mohammad Shah for the horse, sacrificing 12000 men and spending 60 lakhs. Maharaja Ranjit Singh was fond of horses, he risked the lives of Raja Sher Singh and General Ventura for the sake of Laili.
References
Individual warhorses
Sikh Empire
Individual mares |
The Workers' Party of Hungary 2006 – European Left (), shortly European Left is a political party in Hungary. It was created in mid-November 2005 from the internal opposition of the Hungarian Workers' Party (then the Hungarian Communist Workers' Party). Its leader is János Fratanolo.
Its request to become a member of the Party of the European Left was accepted by the EL Executive Board, during the meeting held in Geneva from 23 to 25 October 2009.
History
On 8 September 2016, Táncsics – Radical Left Party (then known as the Left Party) announced on its website that the two parties will cooperate in preparation for the 2018 parliamentary election.
In early 2022 Social Democratic Party of Hungary announced on its website that the two parties will cooperate in preparation for the 2022 parliamentary election. Joining forces, the two parties did not manage to stand a single official candidate in the election according to the official website of the election office valasztas.hu. Also in 2022 People' Front announced that they will join Európai Baloldal but will continue as political organization.
See also
Green Left (Hungary)
References
External links
A Mi Időnk
Facebook page
2005 establishments in Hungary
Communist parties in Hungary
Opposition to Viktor Orbán
Party of the European Left member parties
Political parties established in 2005
Left-wing politics in Hungary
Left-wing parties |
Flagrant may refer to:
Flagrant foul, a term in basketball
In flagrante delicto, caught in the act of committing a crime
See also
Obvious (disambiguation) |
AS Sogara is a Gabonese football club based in Port-Gentil.
Honours
African Cup Winners' Cup: 0
Runners-up (1): 1986
Gabonese Championship: 6
1984, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
Gabonese Cup: 1
1985
Runners-up (1): 1984
Gabonese Supercup: 0
Runners-up (1): 1994
External links
AS Sogara at Foot-Palmares.com
Sogara |
Polish National Government (Polish: Rząd Narodowy) can refer to:
Polish National Government (November Uprising) (1831)
Polish National Government (Kraków Uprising) (1846)
Polish National Government (January Uprising) (1863–1864), also known as Temporary National Government for part of that period
Polish National Government (Vienna) (1877) |
The natural environment, commonly referred to simply as the environment, includes all living and non-living things occurring naturally on Earth.
The natural environment includes complete ecological units that function as natural systems without massive human intervention, including all vegetation, animals, microorganisms, soil, rocks, atmosphere and natural phenomena that occur within their boundaries. Also part of the natural environment is universal natural resources and physical phenomena that lack clear-cut boundaries, such as air, water, and climate.
0–9
A
B
C
D
E
Ea – Ec
Ed – Eng
Env
Ep – Ez
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q–R
S
T
U
V
W
X–Z
See also
Outline of environmentalism
Environmentalism
List of environmental issues
Index of climate change articles
Index of conservation articles
List of environmental issues
Outline of environmental studies
Environmental studies
Index of pesticide articles
List of environmental topics |
The Battle of Aspindza () was fought on 20 April 1770 between the Georgians, led by king of Kartli-Kakheti Erekle II, and the Ottoman Empire. The Georgians won a victory over the Turks.
Battle
The Georgian forces of Erekle were joined in 1769 by a Russian expeditionary force under the command of general Totleben. The relationship between the two soon became strained. In the spring of 1770 they decided to move against the fortress of Akhaltsikhe, however at the last moment Totleben withdrew his forces in spite of Georgians' objections. Nevertheless, Erekle decided to give battle and defeated the Ottoman Turks with his outnumbered army. Totleben's withdrawal prevented Erekle from exploiting his victory and forced him to accept a draw.
After their defeat the Turks launched no further offensives into Georgia until the end of the war. Open strife broke down between Totleben and Erekle as the former attempted to seize control of Tbilisi and annex Georgia. Totleben moved his forces to Western Georgia and was relieved of his duties in 1771.
The battle is the subject of the patriotic ode "On the Battle of Aspindza" by Besiki.
Citations
References
General References
Aspindza
Aspindza
Aspindza
1770 in the Ottoman Empire
18th century in Georgia (country)
Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) |
Lamprosema distinctifascia is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Rothschild in 1916. It is found in Papua New Guinea.
References
Moths described in 1916
Lamprosema
Moths of New Guinea |
Tracy Lawrence is the seventh studio album by American country music artist of the same name. It was released on October 23, 2001 by Warner Records. Only two singles were released from this album: "Life Don't Have to Be So Hard" and "What a Memory", the latter of which failed to make Top 40 on the country charts. "That Was Us" was later recorded by Randy Travis on his 2004 album Passing Through.
Track listing
Personnel
From Liner Notes
Alison Brown - banjo on "She Loved the Devil Out of Me" and "God's Green Earth"
Eric Darken - percussion
Sonny Garrish - steel guitar, Dobro on "Life Don't Have to Be So Hard" and "That Was Us", pedabro on "Crawlin' Again"
Owen Hale - drums
Aubrey Haynie - fiddle, mandolin on "Whole Lot of Lettin' Go"
Wes Hightower - background vocals
Tracy Lawrence - lead vocals
B. James Lowry - acoustic guitar
Liana Manis - background vocals
Gary Lunn - bass guitar
Brent Rowan - electric guitar, banjo on "I Won All the Battles"
Gary Smith - keyboards
Chart performance
References
2001 albums
Tracy Lawrence albums
Warner Records albums |
The Isle of Man competed in the 2010 Commonwealth Games held in Delhi, India, from 3 to 14 October 2010.
Medals
Medalist
Archery
Team Isle of Man consists of 3 archers.
Adrian Bruce, Aalin George, Sarah Rigby
Badminton
Team Isle of Man consists of 4 badminton players.
Cristen Callow, Kim Clague, Josh Green, Matt Wilkinson
Boxing
Team Isle of Man consists of 2 boxers.
Krystian Borucki, Dominic Winrow
Cycling
Team Isle of Man consists of 8 cyclists.
Mark Cavendish, Mark Christian, Graeme Hatcher, Peter Kennaugh, Tim Kennaugh, Andrew Roche, Chris Whorrall, Tom Black
Gymnastics
Team Isle of Man consists of 5 gymnasts.
Alex Hedges, Mukunda Measuria, Joe Smith, Adam Hedges, Olivia Curran
Shooting
Team Isle of Man consists of 11 shooters.
Clementine Kermode Clague, Harry Creevy, Jake Keeling, Gemma Kermode, Tim Kneale,
Dave Moore, Neil Parsons, Dan Shacklock, Lara Ward, Steven Watterson, David Walton
See also
2010 Commonwealth Games
References
External links
Times of india
Nations at the 2010 Commonwealth Games
Com
Isle of Man at the Commonwealth Games |
P. Wulff was a Danish manufacturer of cigars based in Copenhagen, Denmark. It was founded in 1868 and merged into Scandinavian Tobacco Group in 1975.
History
The company was founded by Peter Wulff (1841-1898) in September 1868. The factory was located at Vester Voldgade 11 but moved to new premises at Holbergsgade 18 in 1879. Wulff's brother-in-law, H. C. M. Heydorn (1851-1914), was a partner in the company from 1883 to 1888.
The company was afterWulff 's death in 1898 continued by his widow Emma f. Heydorn (1846-1926) . Peter and Emma Wulff's eldest son, Oskar Wulff (1875-1946), worked for the company and became a partner in 1901. The company relocated to Toldbodvej 6 (now Esplanaden 6–10) in 1907.
Peter and Emma Wulff's second eldest son, Paul Wulff (1877-1941), who had been part of the management since 1805, became a partner when his mother gave up her share of the company in 1913.
A new factory was established at Sølvgade 38 but the activities moved on again when the company acquired Herman Kruger's former tobacco factory at Nordre Fasanvej 111–115 in 1916.
Oskar Wulff retired from the company in 1934. The company rented two floors in an industrial building at Polensgade 25 in 1935 and purchased the whole building in September 1938.
The building was converted into a limited company (aktieselskab'aktieselskab')) in 1839. The board consisted of
Paul Wulff (chairman), Heinrich Wulff (born 1880) and barrister Karsten Meyer (born 1887). Paul Wulff's two sons, Hans Wulff (born 16 April 1904) and Carl Wulff (born 25 March 1906), were managing directors of the company.
The market for cigars began to decline in the mid-1950s. The Wulff family sold the company to Scandinavian Tobacco Group in 1975
Legacy
The factory at Nordre Fasanvej 111-15 has survived but the yellow brick facade with the name of the company has been dressed. The factory building in Polensgade has been demolished.
References
External links
Tobacco companies of Denmark
Manufacturing companies based in Copenhagen
Danish companies established in 1868
1975 disestablishments in Denmark
da:P. Wulffs Cigarfabrik |
Coca-Cola Bottling Company United, Inc. is a private Coca-Cola bottling company headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama. Coca-Cola United is the second-largest privately held Coca-Cola bottler in the United States and in which the Coca-Cola Company does not own an interest.
Coca-Cola United is a direct store delivery bottler. The finished product is delivered to customers within a geographic area. Therefore, they are considered the brand's local Coca-Cola bottler distributors.
History
Coca-Cola Bottling Company United, Inc., founded in 1902 and headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama, is the third-largest bottler of Coca-Cola products in the United States and the largest privately held Coca-Cola bottler employing roughly 10,000 people. Coca-Cola United is principally engaged in the production, marketing, and distribution of over 750 non-alcoholic beverages, which include over 200 no or low-calorie options. Starting in 2013 United has acquired several territories across the SouthEast region, including the Savanna River Division and the Atlanta Division. The Atlanta Division covers The Coca-Cola Company's headquarter in Atlanta.
Among the brands are Coca-Cola, Coke Zero, Diet Coke, Sprite, Dr Pepper, Fanta, Dasani, Powerade, Minute Maid, vitaminwater and many more under exclusive franchise agreements with the Coca-Cola Company and other soft drink manufacturers.
References
Coca-Cola bottlers
Companies based in Birmingham, Alabama
Privately held companies based in Alabama
Privately held companies of the United States
American companies established in 1902
Food and drink companies established in 1902
Drink companies of the United States |
Ishq E Laa () is a Pakistani television drama series produced by Momina Duraid under her banner productions, written by Qaisra Hayat and directed by Amin Iqbal. The serial marks the acting debut of Azaan Sami Khan, with Sajal Aly and Yumna Zaidi in main roles. It was broadcast weekly on Hum TV from 21 October 2021 to 2 June 2022.
Ishq-e-Laa revolves around the spiritual journey of a young man where he ultimately finds divine.
Plot
Shanaya is a dedicated and courageous television journalist who loves what she does for a living. As a staunch human rights activist, she often undertakes potentially dangerous assignments to uncover social issues. She is in love with her childhood friend, Azlan, a self-assertive and hardworking businessman. Although the two of them are inseparable and have been best friends for years, he does not reciprocate her feelings.
When a disheartened Shanaya begins to consider a marriage proposal from another man, Azlan realizes that he cannot afford to lose his best friend. He proposes to her and they get married, much to the delight of their respective families. Although the newlyweds have a strong relationship, his inability to understand her passion for social work begins to fracture their marriage.
Azka is an ambitious student who aspires to be a doctor. She constantly receives unwanted attention from Abid, a young man with questionable morals and ethics. Due to misunderstandings created by Azka's spiteful sister-in-law, Azka is almost married off to Abid. However, her sister-in-law eventually comes to her senses and calls off the wedding.
A businessman's son kills Sultan (Azka's brother). Shanaya helps Sultan's family to fight against the Businessman Arbab Haroon. In later turns and events Arbab Haroon kills Shanaya to protect his son, taking away all the evidences against his son.
This tragedy shatters Azlan and he remains numb and lost for a long time.
His parents help him realise the fact and move on.
Later on Azlan goes on to bring justice to his wife.
Meanwhile Azlan also fulfills the promise made by his wife (Shanaya) to fund Azka's Medical College expenses.
5 years later, Azka becomes a doctor. Her friend from College, Zain likes her but she doesn’t feel the same way about him.
Azlan’s mother is sick, and Azka has to give her kidney to her. To do so, she enters a contract marriage with Azlan.
Azlan thinks Azka just donated her kidney to her mother for money, but she’s a good daughter in law and actually only cares about her mother in law and not the money.
Azlan then realizes how good she is, and apologizes to her for being rude and for his every impoliteness and arrogance. He also tells Azka how much he loves her, which he couldn’t to Shanaya before she died.
The drama then ends, with Azlan going to Shanaya’s grave with Azka and Professor Rehman talking about Ishq e Laa (eternal love).
Cast
Main
Azaan Sami Khan as Azlan Ahmed, Shanaya's widower; Azka's husband
Sajal Aly as Shanaya Ahmed, Azlan's best friend turned first wife (Dead)
Yumna Zaidi as Dr. Azka Rahman, Azlan's second wife
Supporting
Ghazala Kaifee as Sitwat; Azlan's mother
Zain Ullah as Makeel; Azlan’s old friend
Uzma Hassan as Kanwal Sultan; Sultan's wife
Seemi Raheel as Khadija; Azka's mother
Ahmad Taha Ghani as Zain Ahmed; Azka's class fellow
Usman Peerzada as Ghiyas Ahmad; Azlan's father
Sohail Sameer as Sultan; Azka's brother
Adnan Samad Khan as Abid Ali; Kanwal's cousin
Nargis Rasheed as Nusrat; Abid's mother and Kanwal's aunt
Laila Wasti as Shireen; Shanaya's mother
Nadeem Baig as Prof. Rehman
Moazzam Ali Khan as Arbab Haroon; a manipulative politician
Samia Butt as Zunaira; Zain's sister
Khalid Butt as Zain's father
Shaista Jabeen as Zain's mother
Laila Zuberi as Mehnaz; Shireen's friend and Fahad's mother
Arslan Asad Butt as Fahad; Mehnaz's son
Soundtrack
The official soundtrack of the series "Saathiya" was performed by Azaan Sami Khan who also composed the music while lyrics were written by Asim Raza. In January 2022, another soundtrack of the series "Ibadat" was released, which was also performed and composed by Khan who also co-wrote the lyrics with AM Turaz.
Reception
Critical reception
The series mostly received positive reviews for its performances and script. On premiere, it received mixed reviews for storyline and execution. Critics praised the characters of Aly, Zaidi, Raheel and Hassan, in general the female portrayal.
Television ratings
Accolades
References
External links
Pakistani drama television series
Television series by MD Productions
2021 Pakistani television series debuts |
Grice House may refer to:
Grice House Museum, Harbor Beach, Michigan, listed on the National Register as James and Jane Grice House
Milford (Camden, North Carolina), also known as Relfe-Grice-Sawyer House
Grice-Fearing House, Elizabeth City, North Carolina
See also
Grice Inn, Wrightsville, Georgia, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Johnson County, Georgia
Grice (disambiguation) |
Sixaola is a district of the Talamanca canton, in the Limón province of Costa Rica. It is a border town together with Guabito, Panamá Sixaola is right across the Sixaola River from Guabito, Panama.
History
Sixaola was created on 19 February 1970 by Decreto Ejecutivo 13.
Geography
Sixaola has an area of km2 and an elevation of metres.
Locations
Poblados: Ania, Boca Sixaola, Catarina, Celia, Daytonia, Gandoca, Margarita, Mata de Limón, Noventa y Seis, Palma, Paraíso, Parque, San Miguel, San Miguelito, San Rafael, Virginia, Zavala.
Demographics
For the 2011 census, Sixaola had a population of inhabitants. The surrounding area is home to the Bribri Indians.
Transportation
Road transportation
The district is covered by the following road routes:
National Route 36
Route 36 goes onward to Panamá, where it becomes Panama Route 1001.
Economy
Tourism
Tourists pass through Sixaola and Guabito along a road connecting destinations in Limón Province, Costa Rica and Bocas del Toro Province, Panama. The road is an old elevated railroad grade. A former railroad bridge crosses the Rio Sixaola at the border. Costa Rican customs is located at the west end of the bridge just down some stairs from the elevated railroad grade. When crossing the border in either direction, tourists must clear both Costa Rican and Panamanian customs. Entry and exit visas are required. Panamanian customs is located alongside the elevated railroad grade right at the east end of the bridge.
The border towns have no accommodations, restaurants, or services. In Costa Rica, Puerto Viejo offers the closest accommodations, restaurants, and services to the border. In Panama, Changuinola offers accommodations, restaurants, and services about from the border. Buses and taxis wait on both sides of the border.
Image gallery
References
Districts of Limón Province
Populated places in Limón Province
Costa Rica–Panama border crossings |
```javascript
// CodeMirror, copyright (c) by Marijn Haverbeke and others
// Distributed under an MIT license: path_to_url
var CodeMirror = require("codemirror");
CodeMirror.commands.tabAndIndentMarkdownList = function (cm) {
var ranges = cm.listSelections();
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cm.replaceSelection(spaces);
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CodeMirror.commands.shiftTabAndUnindentMarkdownList = function (cm) {
var ranges = cm.listSelections();
var pos = ranges[0].head;
var eolState = cm.getStateAfter(pos.line);
var inList = eolState.list !== false;
if (inList) {
cm.execCommand("indentLess");
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}
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cm.execCommand("insertTab");
}
else {
var spaces = Array(cm.options.tabSize + 1).join(" ");
cm.replaceSelection(spaces);
}
};
``` |
The Power of the Press is a 1928 American silent drama film directed by Frank Capra and starring Douglas Fairbanks Jr. as an aspiring newspaper reporter and Jobyna Ralston as a young woman suspected of murder.
In 2005, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
In 1943, Columbia Pictures reused the title, without the leading The, for another newspaper picture, but it had a completely different plot and was not a remake.
Cast
Douglas Fairbanks Jr. as Clem Rogers
Jobyna Ralston as Jane Atwill
Mildred Harris as Marie Weston
Philo McCullough as Robert Blake
Wheeler Oakman as Van
Robert Edeson as City Editor
Edward Davis as Mr. John Atwill
Dell Henderson as Bill Johnson
Charles Clary as District Attorney Nye
Spottiswoode Aitken as Sports Writer
Frank Manning as Detective
References
External links
1928 films
American black-and-white films
Columbia Pictures films
1928 drama films
Films about journalists
Films directed by Frank Capra
American silent feature films
United States National Film Registry films
Silent American drama films
Films with screenplays by Sonya Levien
1920s American films |
Huang Yan (born 1966 in Jilin province, China) is a multimedia artist, Taoist, and businessman based in Beijing. He graduated from the Changchun Normal Academy in 1987, and is currently a lecturer at Changchun University.
In 1999, Huang Yan began a series of paintings/photographs of traditional Chinese landscape paintings using the human body as a canvas, called Chinese Landscapes. Both Feng Boyi and Ai Weiwei noticed his artwork, including it in their controversial Fuck Off exhibition in 2000 in Shanghai. His art can relate to Chinese people and their culture, even though it is still considered contemporary art. The landscape paintings he uses come from the Song Dynasty, which is what most consider the most "Chinese-looking". On the other hand, the human body was seldom used in ancient Chinese art, which is what makes this art very contemporary.
Career
Huang started his career as a poet and was recognized as an artist who used creative mediums such as the human body, ox bones, busts of Mao Zedong, flowers, musical instruments and old communist uniforms. He gradually became more and more popular through his art.
In 2008, Huang Yan was nominated for the Art Gallery of Ontario's first Grange Prize. This prize meant that he was offered an art residency anywhere in Canada. He attended the Banff Centre for ten days, and took the opportunity to meet many different artists. He chose the Banff Centre to experience the winter and Canada's Aboriginal culture. He explored the area with his wife and even painted the background scenery on his face.
Besides being an artist and poet, Huang Yan has also published several books regarding the emergence of new, contemporary Chinese artists. He operates his own gallery, Must Be Contemporary Art, in Beijing's 798 Factory/Art Center.
Artistic styles and media
Since his art medium is the human body, some question whether or not the body is the art or the painting on the body. "As the body moves, the painted subject takes another shape or meaning." Huang Yan's creations can also be considered performance art, even though he himself has never performed. In Chinese culture, nudity and the human body are still considered taboo. Landscapes symbolize the intellectual values of the erudite class. Painting them on body parts not only makes it avant-garde, but it is a new way of using traditional Chinese art and of representing the relationship between man and nature, a very Taoist concept.
Although his art is considered taboo, his goal is not to be offensive; his art is very symbolic and a way to express his beliefs. Other contemporary artists such as Ai Weiwei are bitter towards the government and used the "Fuck Off Exhibition" to express their anger and beliefs about society and government. However, some of Huang Yan's most offensive art include photographs of naked women. One of his photographs includes a painted woman running across the Great Wall of China, a very provocative act in Chinese culture.
Each of his photographs have a black or white, brightly lit background. Up close, one may notice small details such as peasant workers, small homes, and more. The symbolism in his art is very important, the "deep cultural roots changing with the demands of modernity."
Zhang Zhaohui commented on Huang's art, saying that his art was developed upon Andy Warhol's art. He says that Huang's art does not tell a story, but instead is in a pursuit of values towards traditional Chinese cultures "within contemporary society itself, both Chinese and international."
Huang also has a series of works where he draws faces and eyes on sofas and couches. Another one of his mediums is porcelain. He created a series of porcelain portraits of Mao Zedong, but these were stopped by the authorities before they could leave the country to be a part of an exhibition in Paris, France. The Chinese authorities deemed them disrespectful to Mao Zedong.
By using controversial art mediums, Huang is challenging the limits of Chinese traditional landscape paintings. His wife Zhang Tiemei is an artist who has been trained classically and often will execute the painting as they work together. If the face, leg, or arm moves then the meaning of the landscape can have a new twist to it. Art is part of the Chinese culture, and by painting traditional art Huang is reminding society to never forget what Chinese art means to them as a part of their heritage. It is where Huang enjoys expressing both his Zen and his Buddhist ideas.
In his Chinese Landscape-Tattoo series and his Four Seasons series Huang incorporates man and nature. Other Chinese artists such as Cang Xin, Li Wei, Liu Ren, Ma Yanling and Wu Yuren, are also using the human body as an art medium to explore contemporary Chinese art: "Some photos are humorous, others disconcerting, but all are fascinating reflections of life in China today." Cang Xin, for example, uses his own tongue to taste places that represent Chinese culture in a series called Experiences of the Tongue, while Ma Yanling features photos with women bound in silk ribbons in a series titled Silk Ribbons.
Selected international exhibitions
2013 Galerie Wilms, Venlo, Netherlands
2006 Body Scape – Solo exhibition, VIP's International Art Galleries in cooperation with China Art Trade, Rotterdam, Netherlands
2005 100 International Artists, Casoria Contemporary Art Museum, Italy
2004 Between the Past and the Future, International Center of Photography, New York City
2002 Guangzhou Triennial Exhibition, Guangdong Museum of Art
2002 1st Chinese Art Triennial, Guangzhou Art Museum
2000 Fuck Off, Eastlink Gallery, Shanghai
1998 The Best of Chinese Contemporary, Proud Gallery, London
1994 Post-89, New Art of China, Marlborough Gallery, London
References
Galerie Wilms https://www.galeriewilms.nl
External links
Huang Yan at 88MoCCA – The Museum of Chinese Contemporary Art on the Web
Official Site of Yan Huang
Galerie Wilms
Living people
Chinese contemporary artists
1966 births
Artists from Jilin
People's Republic of China Taoists
Chinese sculptors
Educators from Jilin
Academic staff of Changchun University
20th-century Chinese sculptors
21st-century Chinese sculptors |
The 1984 Western Athletic Conference men's basketball tournament was held March 7–10 at the Special Events Center in El Paso, Texas. This was the first edition of the tournament.
Top-seeded UTEP defeated in the inaugural championship game, 44–38, to clinch their first WAC men's tournament championship.
The Miners, in turn, received an automatic bid to the 1984 NCAA tournament while second-seeded BYU, who fell in the semifinal round, received an at-large bid.
Bracket
References
WAC men's basketball tournament
Tournament
WAC men's basketball tournament
WAC men's basketball tournament
Basketball competitions in El Paso, Texas
College basketball tournaments in Texas |
Patrick "Pat" Tubach is a visual effects supervisor. Tubach and his fellow visual effects artists were nominated for an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects for the 2013 film Star Trek Into Darkness and the 2015 film Star Wars: The Force Awakens.
He also worked on the film WALL-E in 2008.
References
External links
Special effects coordinators
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
William James Sutton (September 29, 1865 – December 22, 1940) was an American politician in the state of Washington. He served in the Washington State Senate from 1913 to 1917 and 1921 to 1933. From 1931 to 1933, he was President pro tempore of the Senate.
Life
Sutton was born in Lapeer County, Michigan on September 29, 1865 and graduated from the Michigan State Normal School in Fenton in 1886. After his graduation, he moved to Cheney, Washington where he was instrumental in setting up the Cheney School District in 1887 as well as the State Normal School at Cheney in 1889. Sutton served as the first vice-principal of the Normal School, and was then the principal starting in January 1892. The Normal School, which started as the Benjamin P. Cheney Academy in 1882, served as public school for the city of Cheney until the establishment of the Public School in 1887. In 1889, with the statehood of Washington, the Academy was offered to the State of Washington as the State Normal School.
After resigning from the State Normal School in February 1897, he married Nellie Hutchinson, the former principal of the Training School at the Normal School and he purchased a farm on the western edge of town.
Political career
Sutton was first elected to the Washington State Senate in 1913, where he pushed through an appropriation of $300,000 to the Normal School over the veto of Governor Ernest Lister. The appropriation was used to replace the administration building lost in the 1912 fire with what would become the prominent Showalter Hall on the campus of Eastern Washington University. Other accomplishments as a politician include saving the State College from being demoted to a trade school. After retiring from the Senate, he continued to farm and act as a prominent citizen of Cheney until his death in December 1940.
Sutton was the Republican candidate for governor in 1916.
Legacy
Several buildings and a park in Cheney are named for or traced back to Sutton, including:
Sutton Hall (1923), originally constructed as a men's dormitory and now one of the contributing structures to the NRHP-listed EWU Historic District. It was designed by the prominent architect Julius Zittel.
Red Barn (1884), originally called Sutton Barn. This was part of the Sutton farmstead where Sutton raised horses together with his wife Nellie Hutchinson. The barn had originally been built by William Bigham in 1884 for Nellie's father. Sutton purchased the farm in 1891 or 1892, and the farm site was later purchased by Eastern Washington University in 1969.
Sutton Park
References
External links
Republican Party Washington (state) state senators
1865 births
1940 deaths
People from Lapeer County, Michigan
People from Cheney, Washington |
Bonnetiaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of 4 genera and 41 species. The family is Neotropical, with the exception of the genus Ploiarium, which is found in Malesia. It is sister to the family Clusiaceae.
References
Malpighiales families |
Pierre Grégoire (also Pedro Gregoire, Petrus Gregorius Tholosanus) (c.1540–1597) was a French jurist and philosopher
Career and key ideas
Grégoire was born to a poor Catholic family in Toulouse. He studied the law and made a career for himself as an influential and at times controversial Catholic jurist. He taught law at Cahors and Toulouse from 1566 until 1582 when his patron, Charles III of Lorraine, procured a professorship in civil and canon law for him at the university of Pont à Mousson. Here Grégoire found himself colleague to the Scottish jurist William Barclay, best known for his invention of the term ‘monarchomach’ and his political treatise De Regno et Regali Potestate (1600). Barclay and Grégoire jointly entered into a dispute with the Jesuit masters of the university, and Grégoire famously threatened to abandon Pont à Mousson altogether in protest at their governance. He was reintegrated into the law faculty in 1587 and remained there until his death. Grégoire's patron, Lorraine, had close ties to the Guise family and supported the cause of the Catholic League, to which Grégoire (as a consequence) had some affiliation. However, he later distanced himself from the movement.
Grégoire's De Republica (1596–1597; 1609; 1642) is a detailed analysis of the function and purposes of a Christian commonwealth within a complex legal framework, and is often compared to Jean Bodin's République (1576). Grégoire considers the political community to be natural, and governed by a single person in its best form, stating his preference for monarchy as the ‘best’ of the constitutions described by Aristotle in his Politics. Using the organic metaphor of the body politic, he argued that a single head governed the ‘body’ of the people, thereby tapping into a common theme in theories of monarchy in this period that rule by many heads would be ‘monstrous.’ Grégoire takes an anti-Machiavellian line in the work, arguing specifically against his idea that religion could be used as a prop to political power. Echoing Aquinas’ concept that ‘grace perfects nature’, Grégoire claimed that living under a monarchy was the most natural form of political life, and it enabled subjects to attain eternal life more easily than under other constitutions.
Grégoire's theory of monarchy balances the idea that power originated with the people with the notion that, once transferred, it resides absolutely in the monarch. In tackling this dialectic, Grégoire produced a complex political philosophy whereby the monarch is prevented from corrupting the just, virtuous and pious nature of his office and destroying social and civil life by acting contrary to the fundamentals of human association. Grégoire's De Republica was a deeply influential work of political philosophy, and was Johannes Althusius’ most cited source in his Politica (1603).
Works
His Syntaxes artis mirabilis (1578) was an encyclopedic work on the sciences where magic and demonology were included with astrology and mathematics. Grégoire is considered to be in the tradition of Raymond Lull. The work was placed on the Index of Forbidden Books.
In his De Republica he expresses political views in favour of monarchy, and uses the analogy of family and state. His faculty was dominated by Jesuits, and Grégoire turned away from the policies of the Catholic League. A critic of Machiavelli and not a conventional Gallican, he drew on both Jean Bodin and François Hotman, for an eclectic moderate Catholic position supporting the papal deposing power restricted to the Holy Roman Emperor, and the publication in France of the Tridentine decrees.
Réponse au conseil donné par Charles du Moulin sur la dissuasion de la juridiction du concile de Trente en France, Lyon, 1584.
Syntaxes artis mirabilis, in libros septem digestae. Per quas de omni re proposita,... disputari aut tractari, omniumque summaria cognitio haberi potest, Lyon, Antoine Gryphe, 1575–1576, in three parts, the first two in a single volume : I) Syntaxes artis mirabilis 8 ff. + 190 p. II) Commentaria in prolegomena syntaxeon mirabilis artis 1 f, 304 p., III) Syntaxeon artis mirabilis, 8 ff., 1055, 125 p. Later edition: Commentaria in syntaxes artis mirabilis per quas de omnibus disputatur habeturque cognitio autore Petro Gregorio Tholosano impressum Lugduni per Antonium Grifium 1585. Later edition at Cologne, Lazarus Zetner 1610. Google Books
Syntagma juris universi (1582). t. I t. II
De republica libri sex et viginti, Lyon et Pont-à-Mousson, 1596. New edition 1597. Lyon 1609.
Institutiones breves et novae rei beneficiariae ecclesisticae (1602)
Opera Omnia. Geneva 1622
Further reading
Charles Hyver, Le doyen Pierre Grégoire de Toulouse et lʹorganisation de la faculté de droit à lʹUniversité de Pont-à-Mousson (1582-1597), 1874, 88 p.
T. et J. Carreras y Artau, Historia de la filosofía española. Filosofía cristiana de los siglos XIII al XV, Madrid, 1939–1943, vol. II, p. 234 sq.
C. Collot, L'école doctrinale de droit public de Pont-à-Mousson (Pierre Grégoire de Toulouse et Guillaume Barclay) à la fin du XVI° siècle, Librairie générale de droit et de jurisprudence, 1965, 357 p.
H. Gilles, La carrière méridionale de Pierre Grégoire de Toulouse, Presses Universitaires de Toulouse, Mélanges offerts à Paul Couzinet, 1974, p. 263-327.
Paolo Rossi, Clavis universalis. Arts de la mémoire, logique combinatoire et langue universelle de Lulle à Leibniz (1983), translated from Italian, Jérôme Millon, Grenoble, 1993, p. 63-64.
S.Nicholls, 'Pierre Grégoire', Luc Foisneau (dir.), Dictionnaire des philosophes français du XVIIe siècle: acteurs et réseaux du savoir en France entre 1601 et 1700 (Paris : Classiques Garnier, 2015), 829–832.
A.S. Brett, Changes of State. Nature and the Limits of the City in Early Modern Natural Law (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011).
External links
Artis mirabilis
Notes
1540 births
1597 deaths
Writers from Toulouse
16th-century French lawyers
16th-century French writers
16th-century male writers
French encyclopedists
French male non-fiction writers |
Chuang Chia-jung and Hsieh Su-wei were the defending champion, but Hsieh chose not to participate that year. Chuang partnered with Yan Zi, but they lost in the semifinals against Chan Yung-jan and Abigail Spears.Chan Yung-jan and Abigail Spears won in the final 6–3, 6–4 against Carly Gullickson and Nicole Kriz.
Seeds
Anna-Lena Grönefeld / Katarina Srebotnik (quarterfinals, Srebotnik withdrew due to right shoulder injury)
Chia-Jung Chuang / Yan Zi (semifinals)
Alisa Kleybanova / Ekaterina Makarova (semifinals)
Klaudia Jans / Alicja Rosolska (quarterfinals)
Draw
Draw
External links
Main Draw
Korea Open (tennis)
Hansol Korea Open |
```c
/* mpfr_urandom (rop, state, rnd_mode) -- Generate a uniform pseudorandom
real number between 0 and 1 (exclusive) and round it to the precision of rop
according to the given rounding mode.
Contributed by the AriC and Caramba projects, INRIA.
This file is part of the GNU MPFR Library.
The GNU MPFR Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
option) any later version.
The GNU MPFR Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public
along with the GNU MPFR Library; see the file COPYING.LESSER. If not, see
path_to_url or write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. */
#define MPFR_NEED_LONGLONG_H
#include "mpfr-impl.h"
/* generate one random bit */
static int
random_rounding_bit (gmp_randstate_t rstate)
{
mp_limb_t r;
mpfr_rand_raw (&r, rstate, 1);
return r & MPFR_LIMB_ONE;
}
int
mpfr_urandom (mpfr_ptr rop, gmp_randstate_t rstate, mpfr_rnd_t rnd_mode)
{
mpfr_limb_ptr rp;
mpfr_prec_t nbits;
mp_size_t nlimbs;
mp_size_t n;
mpfr_exp_t exp;
mpfr_exp_t emin;
int cnt;
int inex;
rp = MPFR_MANT (rop);
nbits = MPFR_PREC (rop);
nlimbs = MPFR_LIMB_SIZE (rop);
MPFR_SET_POS (rop);
exp = 0;
emin = mpfr_get_emin ();
if (MPFR_UNLIKELY (emin > 0))
{
if (rnd_mode == MPFR_RNDU || rnd_mode == MPFR_RNDA
|| (emin == 1 && rnd_mode == MPFR_RNDN
&& random_rounding_bit (rstate)))
{
mpfr_set_ui_2exp (rop, 1, emin - 1, rnd_mode);
return +1;
}
else
{
MPFR_SET_ZERO (rop);
return -1;
}
}
/* Exponent */
#define DRAW_BITS 8 /* we draw DRAW_BITS at a time */
cnt = DRAW_BITS;
MPFR_ASSERTN(DRAW_BITS <= GMP_NUMB_BITS);
while (cnt == DRAW_BITS)
{
/* generate DRAW_BITS in rp[0] */
mpfr_rand_raw (rp, rstate, DRAW_BITS);
if (MPFR_UNLIKELY (rp[0] == 0))
cnt = DRAW_BITS;
else
{
count_leading_zeros (cnt, rp[0]);
cnt -= GMP_NUMB_BITS - DRAW_BITS;
}
if (MPFR_UNLIKELY (exp < emin + cnt))
{
/* To get here, we have been drawing more than -emin zeros
in a row, then return 0 or the smallest representable
positive number.
The rounding to nearest mode is subtle:
If exp - cnt == emin - 1, the rounding bit is set, except
if cnt == DRAW_BITS in which case the rounding bit is
outside rp[0] and must be generated. */
if (rnd_mode == MPFR_RNDU || rnd_mode == MPFR_RNDA
|| (rnd_mode == MPFR_RNDN && cnt == exp - emin - 1
&& (cnt != DRAW_BITS || random_rounding_bit (rstate))))
{
mpfr_set_ui_2exp (rop, 1, emin - 1, rnd_mode);
return +1;
}
else
{
MPFR_SET_ZERO (rop);
return -1;
}
}
exp -= cnt;
}
MPFR_EXP (rop) = exp; /* Warning: may be outside the current
exponent range */
/* Significand: we need generate only nbits-1 bits, since the most
significant is 1 */
mpfr_rand_raw (rp, rstate, nbits - 1);
n = nlimbs * GMP_NUMB_BITS - nbits;
if (MPFR_LIKELY (n != 0)) /* this will put the low bits to zero */
mpn_lshift (rp, rp, nlimbs, n);
/* Set the msb to 1 since it was fixed by the exponent choice */
rp[nlimbs - 1] |= MPFR_LIMB_HIGHBIT;
/* Rounding */
if (rnd_mode == MPFR_RNDU || rnd_mode == MPFR_RNDA
|| (rnd_mode == MPFR_RNDN && random_rounding_bit (rstate)))
{
/* Take care of the exponent range: it may have been reduced */
if (exp < emin)
mpfr_set_ui_2exp (rop, 1, emin - 1, rnd_mode);
else if (exp > mpfr_get_emax ())
mpfr_set_inf (rop, +1); /* overflow, flag set by mpfr_check_range */
else
mpfr_nextabove (rop);
inex = +1;
}
else
inex = -1;
return mpfr_check_range (rop, inex, rnd_mode);
}
``` |
West Margin Press is a book publishing company.
Using two additional imprints — Graphic Arts Books and Alaska Northwest Books — West Margin publishes books that focused on lifestyle and place.
History
Graphic Arts Center Publishing started in 1967 as a division of Graphic Arts Center, Inc., Oregon's largest printer. The publishing house was one of the pioneers in publishing large-format, full-color print books. These became known as "coffee table books." Their first book in this format was the popular Oregon, a book of photographs by Ray Atkeson, which became a series that includes Oregon 2 and Oregon III.
In the mid 1980s, Graphic Arts began to diversify from photographic books into subjects like children's fiction and non-fiction. In 1993, Graphic Arts acquired Alaska Northwest Books, the largest trade book publisher in the Alaskan market.
In 1998, Graphic Arts started its third imprint, WestWinds Press, to launch a series of Western titles and photography books.
Graphic Arts Center was one of the Northwest's largest book publishers, publishing about 40 books annually and selling over 500 titles to the U.S., Canada, United Kingdom, and Europe.
In April 2006, the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. In October 2006, Ingram Content Group invested in Graphic Arts as part of a bankruptcy reorganization plan. In January 2007, Graphic Arts Center Publishing Company emerged from bankruptcy. The company again filed for bankruptcy in order to liquidate in November 2009. Ingram became the owner of Graphic Arts.
In 2012, Graphic Arts acquired Pruett Publishing. In 2014, Graphic Arts acquired Companion Press. In 2019, Graphic Arts was renamed West Margin Press, with Graphic Arts remaining as an imprint and the WestWinds Press replaced by West Margin. Turner Publishing acquired West Margin from Ingram in 2022.
References
Companies based in Portland, Oregon
Publishing companies established in 1968
Book publishing companies based in Oregon
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2006
Privately held companies based in Oregon
Defunct companies based in Oregon
1968 establishments in Oregon
2009 disestablishments in Oregon |
Xaspoladoba (also, Khaspoladoba and Khaspolatoba) is a village and municipality in the Khachmaz District of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 1,837. The municipality consists of the villages of Khaspoladoba, Babali, Azizli, and Ganjali.
References
Populated places in Khachmaz District |
was a town located in Satsuma District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 7,780 and the density of 121.22 persons per km2. The total area was 64.18 km2.
On October 12, 2004, Hiwaki, along with the city of Sendai, the towns of Iriki, Kedōin and Tōgō, and the villages of Kamikoshiki, Kashima, Sato and Shimokoshiki (all from Satsuma District), was merged to create the city of Satsumasendai.
Dissolved municipalities of Kagoshima Prefecture |
The 2022–23 Taichung Suns season was the franchise's 2nd season, its second season in the T1 League, its 2nd in Taichung City. The Suns were with Wang Wei-Chieh as their general manager. On July 1, 2022, the Taoyuan Pilots hired Iurgi Caminos, the head coach of the Taichung Wagor Suns, as their new head coach. On September 18, the Suns promoted Alberto Garcia, the assistant coach of the Taichung Wagor Suns, as their new head coach. On October 25, the Suns named Chris Gavina as their new head coach.
Draft
Reference：
The Suns' 2022 and 2023 second-round draft picks were traded to TaiwanBeer HeroBears in exchange for Chou Tzu-Hua.
Standings
Roster
<noinclude>
Game log
2022 Interleague Play
On September 13, 2022, Taichung Wagor Suns announced that Bayasgalan Delgerchuluun, Austin Derrick and Chang Chia-Jung joined to the team as the testing player in these invitational games.
Group match
Preseason
Bayasgalan Delgerchuluun and Austin Derrick joined to the team as the testing player in these preseason games.
|-style="background:#fcc"
| 1
| October 14
| GhostHawks
| L 86–115
| Wen Li-Huang (22)
| Austin Derrick (7)Wen Li-Huang (7)
| Bayasgalan Delgerchuluun (7)
| Xinzhuang Gymnasium
| 0–1
|-style="background:#fcc"
| 2
| October 16
| @ Aquas
| L 62–93
| Wen Li-Huang (12)
| Tony Bishop (9)
| Lu Kuan-Hsuan (6)
| Xinzhuang Gymnasium1,063
| 0–2
Regular season
|-style="background:#fcc"
| 1
| November 5
| Aquas
| L 79–99
| Tony Bishop (22)
| Tony Bishop (9)Aaron Geramipoor (9)
| Lu Kuan-Hsuan (8)
| National Taiwan University of Sport Gymnasium2,425
| 0–1
|-style="background:#cfc"
| 2
| November 6
| DEA
| W 112–109
| Diamond Stone (29)
| Tony Bishop (10)Aaron Geramipoor (10)
| Lu Kuan-Hsuan (8)
| National Taiwan University of Sport Gymnasium2,861
| 1–1
|-style="background:#fcc"
| 3
| November 13
| @ HeroBears
| L 94–109
| Diamond Stone (24)
| Tony Bishop (16)
| Bayasgalan Delgerchuluun (6)
| University of Taipei Tianmu Campus Gymnasium2,156
| 1–2
|-style="background:#cfc"
| 4
| November 20
| @ Leopards
| W 103–94
| Diamond Stone (29)
| Tony Bishop (14)
| Bayasgalan Delgerchuluun (7)
| National Taiwan Sport University Arena15,537
| 2–2
|-style="background:#cfc"
| 5
| November 26
| GhostHawks
| W 96–93
| Tony Bishop (26)
| Tony Bishop (14)
| Tony Bishop (6)
| National Taiwan University of Sport Gymnasium1,831
| 3–2
|-style="background:#cfc"
| 6
| November 27
| Leopards
| W 93–87
| Diamond Stone (37)
| Diamond Stone (20)
| Lu Kuan-Hsuan (8)
| National Taiwan University of Sport Gymnasium5,861
| 4–2
|-style="background:#fcc"
| 7
| December 3
| @ Aquas
| L 90–120
| Diamond Stone (27)
| Tony Bishop (12)
| Peng Chun-Yen (5)
| Kaohsiung Arena2,486
| 4–3
|-style="background:#fcc"
| 8
| December 17
| HeroBears
| L 80–92
| Aaron Geramipoor (17)
| Tony Bishop (10)Aaron Geramipoor (10)
| Tony Bishop (9)
| National Taiwan University of Sport Gymnasium1,813
| 4–4
|-style="background:#fcc"
| 9
| December 25
| @ GhostHawks
| L 95–106
| Tony Bishop (33)
| Tony Bishop (12)
| Tony Bishop (6)
| Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science Shao Tsung Gymnasium1,013
| 4–5
|-style="background:#fcc"
| 10
| December 31
| Aquas
| L 92–100
| Tony Bishop (26)
| Marlon Johnson (9)Aaron Geramipoor (9)Tony Bishop (9)
| Bayasgalan Delgerchuluun (6)
| National Taiwan University of Sport Gymnasium1,518
| 4–6
|-style="background:#cfc"
| 11
| January 2
| Leopards
| W 96–71
| Tony Bishop (27)
| Tony Bishop (16)
| Bayasgalan Delgerchuluun (6)
| National Taiwan University of Sport Gymnasium5,328
| 5–6
|-style="background:#fcc"
| 12
| January 7
| @ HeroBears
| L 89–105
| Aaron Geramipoor (22)
| Aaron Geramipoor (13)
| Su Yi-Chin (6)
| University of Taipei Tianmu Campus Gymnasium1,093
| 5–7
|-style="background:#ccc"
| —
| January 14
| @ Aquas
| colspan=6 style="text-align:center"|Postponed
|-style="background:#fcc"
| 13
| February 4
| DEA
| L 100–110
| Marlon Johnson (33)
| Aaron Geramipoor (14)
| Ting Sheng-Ju (7)
| National Taiwan University of Sport Gymnasium1,829
| 5–8
|-style="background:#fcc"
| 14
| February 5
| Leopards
| L 90–110
| Ting Sheng-Ju (21)
| Jordan Tolbert (11)
| Marlon Johnson (6)Jordan Tolbert (6)
| National Taiwan University of Sport Gymnasium6,243
| 5–9
|-style="background:#cfc"
| 15
| February 11
| @ HeroBears
| W 95–90
| Rayvonte Rice (46)
| Marlon Johnson (16)
| Ting Sheng-Ju (4)Marlon Johnson (4)
| University of Taipei Tianmu Campus Gymnasium1,096
| 6–9
|-style="background:#fcc"
| 16
| February 19
| @ GhostHawks
| L 104–135
| Rayvonte Rice (37)
| Jordan Tolbert (10)
| Ting Sheng-Ju (5)
| Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science Shao Tsung Gymnasium1,314
| 6–10
|-style="background:#fcc"
| 17
| February 25
| GhostHawks
| L 84–91
| Aaron Geramipoor (23)
| Raphiael Putney (12)
| Lu Kuan-Hsuan (8)
| National Taiwan University of Sport Gymnasium1,863
| 6–11
|-style="background:#fcc"
| 18
| February 27
| HeroBears
| L 91–97
| Rayvonte Rice (35)
| Aaron Geramipoor (10)
| Lin Ming-Yi (6)
| National Taiwan University of Sport Gymnasium2,241
| 6–12
|-style="background:#fcc"
| 19
| March 4
| @ DEA
| L 88–96
| Rayvonte Rice (29)
| Rayvonte Rice (14)
| Rayvonte Rice (3)Ting Sheng-Ju (3)
| Xinzhuang Gymnasium3,308
| 6–13
|-style="background:#fcc"
| 20
| March 11
| @ Aquas
| L 92–97
| Arnett Moultrie (19)
| Keith Benson (19)
| Ting Sheng-Ju (6)
| Kaohsiung Arena5,227
| 6–14
|-style="background:#fcc"
| 21
| March 18
| GhostHawks
| L 91–93
| Rayvonte Rice (36)
| Arnett Moultrie (15)
| Lu Kuan-Hsuan (6)
| National Taiwan University of Sport Gymnasium1,626
| 6–15
|-style="background:#fcc"
| 22
| March 19
| DEA
| L 82–97
| Rayvonte Rice (23)
| Arnett Moultrie (10)
| Arnett Moultrie (8)
| National Taiwan University of Sport Gymnasium1,854
| 6–16
|-style="background:#fcc"
| 23
| —
| @ Aquas
| L 0–20
| colspan=4 style="text-align:center"|Called Lose
| 6–17
|-style="background:#fcc"
| 24
| March 26
| @ DEA
| L 93–112
| Rayvonte Rice (30)
| Arnett Moultrie (14)
| Peng Chun-Yen (5)
| Xinzhuang Gymnasium3,271
| 6–18
|-style="background:#cfc"
| 25
| March 31
| @ Leopards
| W 101–97
| Rayvonte Rice (38)
| Keith Benson (13)
| Wen Li-Huang (4)
| National Taiwan Sport University Arena6,947
| 7–18
|-style="background:#fcc"
| 26
| April 2
| @ GhostHawks
| L 97–118
| Rayvonte Rice (33)
| Arnett Moultrie (9)
| Bayasgalan Delgerchuluun (6)
| Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science Shao Tsung Gymnasium920
| 7–19
|-style="background:#cfc"
| 27
| April 8
| @ Leopards
| W 97–93
| Rayvonte Rice (52)
| Rayvonte Rice (9)
| Bayasgalan Delgerchuluun (6)
| National Taiwan Sport University Arena9,422
| 8–19
|-style="background:#fcc"
| 28
| April 15
| HeroBears
| L 95–98
| Arnett Moultrie (19)
| Keith Benson (14)
| Arnett Moultrie (4)Bayasgalan Delgerchuluun (4)Rayvonte Rice (4)
| National Taiwan University of Sport Gymnasium1,709
| 8–20
|-style="background:#fcc"
| 29
| April 16
| Aquas
| L 104–111
| Rayvonte Rice (25)
| Arnett Moultrie (10)
| Bayasgalan Delgerchuluun (10)
| National Taiwan University of Sport Gymnasium1,763
| 8–21
|-style="background:#fcc"
| 30
| April 23
| @ DEA
| L 79–95
| Arnett Moultrie (16)
| Keith Benson (10)
| Ting Sheng-Ju (8)
| Xinzhuang Gymnasium3,186
| 8–22
Regular season note
Due to the Taichung Suns could not reach the minimum player number, the T1 League declared that the game on January 14 would postpone.
Due to the Taichung Suns could not cooperate with the make-up game, the T1 League announced that the game on January 14 was called win to Kaohsiung Aquas.
Playoffs
|-style="background:#cfc"
| 1
| April 25
| HeroBears
| W 138–130 (2OT)
| Rayvonte Rice (44)
| Rayvonte Rice (12)
| Rayvonte Rice (11)
| National Taiwan University of Sport Gymnasium847
| 1–1
|-style="background:#cfc"
| 2
| April 27
| @ HeroBears
| W 120–118
| Rayvonte Rice (46)
| Arnett Moultrie (15)
| Ting Sheng-Ju (8)
| University of Taipei Tianmu Campus Gymnasium991
| 2–1
|-style="background:#fcc"
| 1
| May 1
| @ DEA
| L 78–126
| Rayvonte Rice (13)
| Arnett Moultrie (17)
| Lin Ming-Yi (4)
| Xinzhuang Gymnasium3,253
| 0–1
|-style="background:#fcc"
| 2
| May 4
| DEA
| L 83–110
| Rayvonte Rice (21)
| Arnett Moultrie (10)Keith Benson (10)
| Ting Sheng-Ju (11)
| National Taiwan University of Sport Gymnasium1,333
| 0–2
|-style="background:#fcc"
| 3
| May 7
| @ DEA
| L 86–130
| Rayvonte Rice (20)
| Keith Benson (12)
| Ting Sheng-Ju (8)
| Xinzhuang Gymnasium3,345
| 0–3
Play-in note
The fourth seed, TaiwanBeer HeroBears, was awarded a one-win advantage before play-in series.
Player Statistics
<noinclude>
Regular season
Play-in
Semifinals
Reference：
Transactions
On December 23, 2022, Taichung Suns registered Niño Canaleta as import player. On February 10, 2023, Taichung Suns cancelled the registration of Niño Canaleta's playership.
On March 8, 2023, Taichung Suns registered Austin Derrick as import players, and cancelled the registration of Aaron Geramipoor's playership due to the injury.
Trades
Free agency
Re-signed
Additions
Subtractions
Awards
All-Star Game Awards
Import of the Month
References
2022–23 T1 League season by team
Taichung Suns seasons |
Lumino City is a puzzle adventure video game developed and published by State of Play Games. The game was released for OS X and Windows in December 2014, for iOS in October 2015., and Android for 12 April 2017. It is a sequel to Lume.
Gameplay
Lumino City is a puzzle adventure video game.
Development and release
Lumino City was developed by State of Play Games. It is a sequel to Lume. Lumino City was released OS X and Windows on 3 December 2014, for iOS on 29 October 2015. and for Android on 12 April 2017 but the Android version was published by Noodlecake Studios
Reception
At the 2015 Independent Games Festival, Lumino City was nominated for the "Excellence in Visual Art". At the 2015 British Academy Games Awards, Lumino City won the "Artistic Achievement" category, and was also nominated in the categories "British Game" and "Game Innovation". The game received a nomination in the "Most Innovative" category at the 2016 Games for Change Awards.
References
External links
2014 video games
Adventure games
IOS games
MacOS games
Fiction about origami
Puzzle video games
Single-player video games
Windows games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
BAFTA winners (video games)
State of Play Games games
Noodlecake Games games |
Tela Airport () is an airport serving Tela, a town in the Atlántida Department on the northern coast of Honduras.
In 2009, plans were laid to lengthen the runway from to and possibly to construct a new terminal building. Construction began in 2014 and was estimated to cost US$13 million.
After completion, the new runway and terminal were inaugurated by Honduras President Juan Orlando Hernández on May 20, 2015.
There are hills southeast of the runway. Northeast approach and departure are over the water.
The La Mesa VOR-DME (Ident: LMS) is located southwest of the airport. The Bonito VOR-DME (Ident: BTO)is located east of the airport.
See also
List of airports in Honduras
Transport in Honduras
References
External links
OurAirports - Tela Airport
OpenStreetMap - Tela
Airports in Honduras
Atlántida Department |
Chris Morgan is a British-born ecologist, conservationist, TV host, filmmaker, podcaster, and author. His ecology and conservation work focuses on bears and other large carnivores worldwide. Over the last 25 years Morgan has worked as a wildlife researcher, wilderness guide, and environmental educator on every continent where bears exist.
He emigrated to the US from the UK in 1997, and in the year 2000 co-founded the award-winning community-based education program, the Grizzly Bear Outreach Project (GBOP; now Western Wildlife Outreach, WWO), which was designed to bring scientifically credible information about grizzly bears and recovery to local communities of the North Cascades in Washington State.
Through his work as a wilderness guide he has escorted hundreds of people into wild locations around the world to share the wonder of nature, and especially large carnivores.
Morgan has been a featured television host and/or contributor in productions for PBS, National Geographic Television, BBC, Discovery Channel, and has appeared on the Late Show with David Letterman. In addition to TV hosting he has also become a familiar voice of the television series PBS Nature having narrated numerous films since 2011 on topics ranging from lions to pelicans and the Australian outback.
Chris authored the book Bears of the Last Frontier. This large format publication describes the experience, the bears, and behind-the-scenes insight from the production of the PBS Nature episodes of the same title that Chris co-created and hosted.
Chris is the co-founder of Wildlife Media,a non profit organization that produced BEARTREK, a feature-length documentary that follows Chris’ journey by motorcycle to Alaska, Peru, the Canadian north, and Borneo. The film's campaign has generated support and exposure for critical conservation projects in these areas. Wildlife Media also focuses on finding and supporting young conservationists as “Ambassadors” for their passion species.
Early life
Morgan was born 10 November 1968 in Wigan, England.
At the age of 18, while working at a summer camp in New Hampshire, Morgan met a bear biologist who invited him to help tranquilize, process and track American black bears at a study site in northern New Hampshire. Afterward, he changed his college focus from graphic design to ecology. At 19, he took a road trip to Northern Spain in search of bears and wolves to complete a report required for his Higher National Diploma in Conservation Management. He also took a six-month placement position with the Northwest Territories Department of Renewable Resources in 1991 to assist with grizzly bear, wolf, and muskox research. Also in his early 20s, Morgan traveled to the Canadian Rockies to collar and track grizzly bears for a research project near Banff National Park for two consecutive seasons, tracking grizzly bears by foot for over 2000 miles. In the 1990s, Morgan studied Spanish brown bears in the Cantabrian Mountains of Spain, grizzly bears in Calgary and the Northwest Territories of Canada, and performed spectacled bear study viability research in Ecuador. In 1994, at the age of 26, Morgan joined the Himalayan Wildlife Project in Pakistan to research the brown bears of the Deosai Plateau.
Education
Morgan has received a Higher National Diploma in Conservation Management from Farnborough College of Technology, Farnborough, UK, a Bachelor of Science in Applied Ecology from East London, UK and a master's degree in Advanced Ecology from the University of Durham, UK. For his master's thesis research, Morgan studied female red squirrels in the southern Kielder Forest, England.
Conservation work
Wildlife Media
Morgan is the Executive Director of Wildlife Media, a non-profit production company whose debut feature film 'BEARTREK' promotes global bear conservation and education.
GBOP/WWO
Morgan was co-founder of the Grizzly Bear Outreach Project (GBOP), now Western Wildlife Outreach (WWO) in 2002. The non-profit organization began with grizzly bear safety and coexistence education efforts, but has since expanded to include wolf and cougar education.
TV and film – selected works
'BEARTREK' (film)
Morgan's feature-length film 'BEARTREK' is an independent documentary/adventure/travel film located in Alaska, Peru, Borneo, and Manitoba, Canada that focuses on four bear species and four biologists who study them. Morgan conceived 'BEARTREK' as a film and campaign that would support bear conservation efforts around the world and is a collaboration between Morgan (Executive producer/host/narrator) and nature-cinematographer/director, Joe Pontecorvo (Producer/director). The 'BEARTREK' film documents the scientific studies of Robyn Appleton and her Spectacled Bear Conservation Society and their conservation efforts in Northern Peru; Dr. Nick Lunn on polar bears in Manitoba, Canada; Siew Te Wong on sun bears in Borneo; and Chris Morgan's experiences with brown/grizzly bears in Alaska. The documentary also features an element of adventure and discovery as Morgan rides his motorcycle to study sites. The 'BEARTREK' campaign is "a giant experiment that brings a new approach to raising awareness and funding for conservation through a high end theatrical film, a campaign, and a social media movement."
'Born In The Rockies' (international TV series)
Morgan narrated this award winning series in 2022 for international release. 'Born in the Rockies' follows the lives of several courageous animal families as they struggle to raise their young in one of the most challenging habitats on Earth – North America's Rocky Mountains. The film explores the inner lives of family life, and reveals just how challenging it can be for a youngster growing up in the Rockies. They must learn how to navigate their environment, understand the rules of their society, and face the challenges of a rapidly changing world. A production of PONTECORVO PRODUCTIONS and THE WNET GROUP in co-production with TERRA MATER FACTUAL STUDIOS in association with PBS and CPB receiving world wide recognition including the following: 2022 Cannes Corporate Media & TV Awards 2022 (Cannes, France): Gold Dolphin (Category: Nature and Wildlife) New York Wild Film Festival 2023 (New York, USA): Finalist Episode 01; Mountainfilm International Filmfestival Graz 2022 (Graz, Austria): Official Selected Episode 02; FINN - Festival International Nature Namur 2022 (Namur, Belgium): Official Selected Episode 02; Sondrio Festival 2022 (Sondrio, Italy): Official Selected Episode 02; WFFR - Wildlife Film Festival Rotterdam 2022 (Rotterdam, Netherlands): Official Selected Episode 01; MAFF - Matsalu Nature Film Festival 2022 (Lihula, Estonia): Official Selected Episode 01; International Wildlife Film Festival 2022 (Montana, USA): Finalist (Category: Youth Program)
'Why Bears?' (film)
Morgan co-wrote and narrated this short film made for teachers, scientists, non-profits and people interested in bears and preserving wild spaces. The film was made possible by an anonymous donation and was produced in partnership with Wildlife Media and TriFilm. The film's premise is that “What's good for bears is good for people and the planet.” It explains the ecological and conservation roles that bears can play, and that by protecting them it is conceivable to protect the area represented by their global distribution - about one third of the planet's land mass (does not include circumpolar ice region occupied by polar bears).
'Animal Homes' (PBS Nature TV series)
On April 8, 15, and 22, 2015, a three-part series titled 'Animal Homes' hosted and narrated by Morgan aired on PBS 'NATURE.' 'Animal Homes' examines the various structures, building methods, and social networks utilized by animals in the wild to protect themselves and their young from predators, invaders, and the natural elements. The series' first episode ('The Nest') focuses on what birds build to house their clutches of eggs using only their beaks and feet and the social interactions they confront while incubating and raising their young. Morgan is shown trying his hand at building a structurally sound nest, testing the strength of other avian structures, and presenting the collection of bird's nests owned by the Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale University. Episode two ('Location Location Location'), examines the importance of choosing an appropriate environment for an animal's home and the strategies employed in maximizing their success. In the episode, Morgan observes the dam and lodge building rituals of beavers, the protective relationship between hummingbird bird nests and their proximity to those of raptors, and takes part in the processing of a mother black bear and her cubs who had been hibernating in the forests of Maryland. Morgan is featured in the third episode ('Animal Cities') observing a colony of nesting puffins in northwest Scotland, scuba diving off of Corsica to inspect the complex social and reproductive strategies of the oscillated wrasse, and excavating the fungal garden of a leaf-cutter ant nest in the rainforest.
'The Last Orangutan Eden' (PBS Nature TV)
Morgan hosted and narrated 'The Last Orangutan Eden' for PBS 'NATURE' which aired on February 25, 2015. To make this documentary about the dwindling population of orangutans and the efforts of conservationists to protect them, Morgan traveled to Northern Sumatra for filming. Morgan can be seen interacting with young orangutan orphans, searching the forest for wild orangutans and their nests, and accompanying the conservationist Ian Singleton on a journey to relocate a rehabilitated orangutan candidate-for-release. 'The Last Orangutan Eden' won an Emmy Award in 2016 for “Outstanding Music & Sound.”
'Siberian Tiger Quest' (aka 'Hunt for the Russian Tiger')
PBS 'NATURE' began its 31st season with the episode 'Siberian Tiger Quest' hosted/narrated by Morgan who traveled to Siberia for filming. The episode aired October 10, 2012. In the episode, Morgan met with Korean filmmaker Sooyong Park in Siberia to recount Park's efforts at filming Siberian tigers in the wild while embedded for five years and also to attempt to capture a tiger on film again. The episode was nominated for an Emmy Award for "Outstanding Nature Programming", and also received awards for "Best Presenter/Host", "Best Cinematography", "Best Human/Wildlife Interaction", "Gold Award", and "Outstanding Contribution to Wildlife Filmmaking Award."
'Bears of the Last Frontier' (aka 'Bear Nomad')
For two years, Morgan and filmmaker Joe Pontecorvo worked on a three-hour, three-part mini-series filmed and produced for PBS 'NATURE' and National Geographic Television International called 'Bears of the Last Frontier' which highlights the three bear species in the state of Alaska. Co-created by Morgan and Pontecorvo, the show was hosted and narrated by Morgan as the feature character with Pontecorvo acting as producer, director, and cinematographer. The mini-series aired in May 2011. During promotion for 'Bears of the Last Frontier' (May 10, 2011), Morgan was a guest on the 'Late Show with David Letterman.' Morgan also wrote a book named for the mini-series featuring large print photos and behind-the-scenes stories of 'Bears of the Last Frontier' released in 2011. For his work on the episode 'Bears of the Last Frontier: Arctic Wanderers,' Morgan was awarded "Best Presenter/Host" at the 2012 International Wildlife Film Festival (IWFF). Joe Pontecorvo, also, earned a 2012 Emmy Award Nomination ('Outstanding Individual Achievement in a Craft: Cinematography - Documentary and Long Form') for the same episode.
PBS 'NATURE' narration
Morgan's other television work for PBS 'NATURE' includes narration on the episodes: 'Love in the Animal Kingdom' (2013), 'Great Zebra Exodus' (2013), 'Magic of the Snowy Owl' (2012), 'Fortress of the Bears' (2012), 'Kangaroo Mob' (2012), 'The Animal House' (2011), 'Survivors of the Firestorm' (2011), 'Outback Pelicans' (2011), 'The Himalayas' (2011), 'Elsa's Legacy: The Born Free Story' (2011), and 'Echo: An Elephant to Remember' (2010).
'Great Bear Stakeout' (BBC/Discovery TV series)
The BBC/Discovery Channel production 'Great Bear Stakeout' aired in two parts on BBC One April 24 and 25, 2013 with Morgan as an ecologist and bear expert. 'Great Bear Stakeout' documents the awakening of Alaskan grizzly bears from hibernation through their feeding on the salmon run utilizing specialized camera gear and hidden camera techniques. The program received positive reviews by viewers. The show aired in one part on the Discovery Channel May 12, 2013.
'Land of the Lost Wolves'
'Land of the Lost Wolves' premiered on BBC One in two episodes on April 5 &6, 2012. Morgan is featured as an onscreen scientist in episode two, tracking wolves on the BC coast of Canada.
'Grizzlies of Alaska'
Morgan was host, narrator, and featured character in an episode of the BBC Two series 'Natural World' titled 'Grizzlies of Alaska' which he co-created with 'BEARTREK' director/producer and cinematographer Joe Pontecorvo. The episode originally aired on March 8, 2012.
Filmography
Awards
(Year: Name of Award)
2022: Cannes Corporate Media & TV Awards 2022 (Cannes, France): Gold Dolphin (Category: Nature and Wildlife) for Born In The Rockies - Terra Mater/Pontecorvo Productions
2022: New York Wild Film Festival 2023 (New York, USA): Finalist Episode 01 Born In The Rockes
2022: International Wildlife Film Festival 2022 (Montana, USA): Finalist (Category: Youth Program)
2017: “Nomination” for “Nature: Animal Homes – Natural Born Engineers: The Nest” at Festival International du Film Animalier (FIFA)
2016: “Emmy Award” for ‘Nature: The Last Orangutan Eden,’ “Outstanding Music & Sound,” Scot Charles & David Mitchum, 37th Annual News & Documentary Emmy Awards
2016: “Paul Geroudet Award” for “Nature: Animal Homes – Natural Born Engineers: The Nest” at the Festival de Menigoute
2016: “Emmy Nominations” for ‘Nature: Animal Homes,’ “Best Cinematography,” 37th Annual News & Documentary Emmy Awards.
2016: “Emmy Nominations” for ‘Nature: Animal Homes,’ hosted by Chris Morgan “Best Nature Programming,” 37th Annual News & Documentary Emmy Awards.
2016: “Best Broadcast Series” for ‘Nature: Animal Homes,’ at the International Wildlife Film Festival in Missoula, MT
2016: “Gold World Medal” Chris Morgan for ‘Nature: Animal Homes,’ as “Best Host” at the New York Festivals International TV & Film Awards.
2016: “Finalist for Best Short Short” for ‘Why Bears?’ in the “Jackson Hole Wildlife Film Festival. Currently on tour with the “WILD On Tour Initiative”. Sponsored by “Conservation Media Group.”
2015: Screened "Nature: The Last Orangutan Eden" at the Banff Mountain Film Festival
2013: “Nomination” for ‘Hunt for the Russian Tiger,’ (aka Siberian Tiger Quest) hosted by Chris Morgan from Matsalu International Nature Film Festival. (Lihula, Estonia)
2013: Emmy Nomination, ‘Siberian Tiger Quest,’ “Outstanding Nature Programming,” 34th Annual News & Documentary Emmy Awards
2013: “Best Cinematography” for ‘Siberian Tiger Quest,’ from International Wildlife Film Festival, Missoula, MT
2013: “Best Human/Wildlife Interaction” for ‘Siberian Tiger Quest,’ from International Wildlife Film Festival, Missoula, MT
2013: "Best Presenter/Host" for ‘Siberian Tiger Quest,’ from International Wildlife Film Festival, Missoula, MT
2013: “Outstanding Contribution to Wildlife Filmmaking Award” for ‘Hunt for the Russian Tiger,’ (aka Siberian Tiger Quest) hosted by Chris Morgan from the Japan Wildlife Film Festival
2013: “Gold Award” in the Eco-Tourism and Biodiversity category for ‘Hunt for the Russian Tiger,’ (aka Siberian Tiger Quest) hosted by Chris Morgan, from the Deauville Green Award Festival
2013: "Best Presenter/Host" for 'Siberian Tiger Quest' (IWFF)
2012: "Best Presenter/Host" for 'Bears of the Last Frontier: Arctic Wanderers (International Wildlife Film Festival)
2008: Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee Award for Contributions to Grizzly Bear Conservation
2003: 'Outstanding Environmental Educator of the Year' (Environmental Education Association of Washington)
Books/Publications
Bears of the Last Frontier (2011)
Insight Wildlife Management. “Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2010. Cougar Outreach and Education in Washington State.” Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington, USA. 2010.
Promoting understanding: The approach of the North Cascades Grizzly Bear Outreach Project (2004)
Morgan, Chris. “The Andean Bear Research and Environmental Education Project, Ecuador.” Insight Wildlife Management, Inc., Bellingham, Washington, USA. 1999.
The ecology and behavior of female red squirrels (Sciurus vulgarism) during the breeding season in a conifer plantation (1994)
Morgan, Chris. “An Investigation into the Status and Conservation of the Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) in the Cordillera Cantabrica, Spain.” Farnborough College of Technology, Hampshire, United Kingdom, the Cordillera Cantabrica, Spain.” Farnborough College of Technology, Hampshire, United Kingdom, March 1991.
References
External links
Wildlife Media
BEARTREK
Chris Morgan Wildlife
Living people
British conservationists
British podcasters
British expatriate academics in the United States
Alumni of Durham University
1968 births |
A civitas stipendaria or stipendiaria, meaning "tributary state/community", was the lowest and most common type of towns and local communities under Roman rule.
Each Roman province comprised a number of communities of different status. Alongside Roman colonies or municipia, whose residents held the Roman citizenship or Latin citizenship, a province was largely formed by self-governing communities of natives (peregrini), which were distinguished according to the level of autonomy they had: the civitates stipendariae were the lowest grade, after the civitates foederatae ("allied states") which were bound to Rome by formal treaty (foedus), and the civitates liberae ("free states"), which were granted specific privileges. The civitates stipendariae were by far the most common of the three—for example, in 70 BC in Sicily there were 65 such cities, as opposed to only five civitates liberae and two foederatae—and furnished the bulk of a province's revenue.
References
Sources
Roman law
Subdivisions of ancient Rome
Roman towns types |
The Amur minnow or Lagowski's minnow (Rhynchocypris lagowskii) is an Asian species of small freshwater cyprinid fish. It is found from the Lena and Amur rivers in the north to the Yangtze in China in the south, and in Japan.
References
Rhynchocypris
Freshwater fish of China
Fish of Russia
Fauna of Siberia
Fish described in 1869 |
Mirko Herrmann (5 August 1868 – 2 April 1927) was a Croatian industrialist, businessman and member of the Freemasonry in Osijek, Croatia.
Herrmann was born in Osijek on 5 August 1868. He was raised in a Croatian-Jewish family of David Herrmann. Herrmann finished elementary and high school in Osijek. He attended and graduated from the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna and University of University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna. For a short period of time, after graduation, Herrmann worked in Lika and later moved to Čepin near Osijek. In 1897 Herrmann acquired on lease the agricultural estate "Mihajlović". He was also a renowned art collector and a longtime member of the "First Croatian-Slavonian traded company for the sugar industry" in Osijek. Herrmann was one of the key renovators of Masonic activity in Osijek. From 1903 he was a member of the Freemasonry lodge "Ljubav bližnjega" (The Neighbour's Love) and from 1912 founder and Worshipful Master of the lodge "Budnost" (Vigilance). Due to disagreements with some members and the internal conflicts in the lodge, caused by new political circumstances after the World War I, Herrmann retired from a place of Worshipful Master and left the lodge in 1923. Herrmann was legal guardian of Terezija Svećenski, mother of Louis Svećenski, until her death. He died in Zagreb on 2 April 1927 and was buried at the Mirogoj Cemetery.
Works
O gospodarskoj snazi Jugoslavije (1918), Hrvatski štamparski zavod d. d. podružnica Osijek
Bibliography
References
1868 births
1927 deaths
People from Osijek
Croatian Jews
Austro-Hungarian Jews
Croatian Austro-Hungarians
Croatian businesspeople
Croatian Freemasons
Burials at Mirogoj Cemetery
Businesspeople from Austria-Hungary |
Mölltorp is a locality situated in Karlsborg Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden. It had 1,050 inhabitants in 2010.
References
Populated places in Västra Götaland County
Populated places in Karlsborg Municipality |
County State-Aid Highway 42 (CSAH 42), usually called County Road 42 (CR 42), is a county highway in Dakota and Scott counties in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. It is a primary arterial highway in the two counties. These two counties form the southernmost portion of the 13-county Twin Cities metropolitan area, although CSAH 42 travels across the northern reaches of the two counties.
Route description
County Road 42 serves as an east–west arterial route for the South of the River suburbs of the Minneapolis – Saint Paul area. The roadway connects the communities of Shakopee, Prior Lake, Savage, Burnsville, Apple Valley, Rosemount, and Hastings; which are all located south of the Minnesota River.
From west to east, the route follows 140th Street, Egan Drive, 150th Street and 145th Street. Its westernmost terminus is at Shakopee in Scott County, where it intersects County Road 17 (Marschall Road). The eastern terminus of County 42 is at Hastings in Dakota County, where it meets U.S. Highway 61.
County 42 is designated as a principal arterial highway by the Metropolitan Council, and the roadway is supposed to have limited commercial access and traffic signals only at one-half mile intervals. However, because it was used as a primary commercial road before its designation as a principal arterial highway, it passes directly through the downtown areas of several cities in Scott and Dakota Counties; most notably Burnsville and Apple Valley in Dakota County
Most of County Road 42 is designated as part of the National Highway System. The major highways it intersects from west to east are: State Highway 13, Interstate 35W, Interstate 35E, Cedar Avenue two miles (3 km) south of the terminus of State Highway 77, State Highway 3, U.S. 52, State Highway 55, and U.S. 61.
History
County Road 42 was authorized and paved during the 1960s.
In July 2007, construction began to widen County Road 42 to six lanes from Glendale Road in Savage to County Road 5 in Burnsville. Also, the old traffic signals between Glendale Road and County Road 5, were replaced with new ones. The project was completed by summer 2008.
Future
A proposed reconstruction project at the interchange with U.S. Highway 52 in Rosemount, will reconstruct the interchange to a cloverleaf interchange. The purpose of the project is to provide movement between the north and the east with the closure of the nearby US 52 / MN 55 interchange. Phase 1 of construction will start in 2017, with widening of County Road 42 to 4 lanes, including turn lanes and replacement of Highway 52 bridges.
Major Intersections
References
042
042 |
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).
Works published
United Kingdom
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Poetical Works, including "On Quitting School" (last edition proofread by the author, who died this year)
Sara Coleridge, Pretty Lessons in Verse for Good Children
George Crabbe, The Poetical Works of George Crabbe (includes letters, journals and a biography by Crabbe's son; published in eight volumes from February through September)
Thomas De Quincey, Recollections of the Lake Poets, beginning this year, a series of essays published in Tait's Edinburgh Magazine on the Lake Poets, including William Wordsworth and Robert Southey ; this year, essays on Samuel Taylor Coleridge were published from September through November, with another in January 1835 (see also Recollections 1839; last essay in the series was published in 1840)
Charlotte Elliott, editor, The Invalid's Hymn Book (anthology)
A. H. Hallam, Remains in Verse and Prose, posthumously published, including a memoir by Henry Hallam
R. S. Hawker, Records of the Western Shore
Felicia Dorothea Hemans:
National Lyrics, and Songs for Music
Scenes and Hymns of Life
Mary Howitt, The Seven Temptations
Richard Monckton Milnes, Memorials of a Tour in Some Parts of Greece, Chiefly Poetical
Thomas Moore, Irish Melodies
Amelia Opie, Lays for the Dead
Thomas Pringle, African Sketches
Catherine Eliza Richardson Poems: Second Series
Samuel Rogers, Poems
Percy Bysshe Shelley, The Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley, with the Life, unauthorized; parts were reissued this year as Posthumous Poems
Henry Taylor, Philip van Artevelde
Alfred Tennyson, "Morte d'Arthur", completed by October but not published until Poems 1842
Letitia Elizabeth Landon, writing under the pen name "L.E.L." Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1835, including the Fairy of the Fountains
Other
Thomas Holley Chivers, Conrad and Eudora; or, the Death of Alonzo, United States
Frederik Paludan-Muller, Amor og Psyche ("Cupid and Psyche"), a verse drama, Denmark
Adam Mickiewicz, Pan Tadeusz, czyli ostatni zajazd na Litwie. Historia szlachecka z roku 1811 i 1812 we dwunastu księgach wierszem pisana ("Mister Thaddeus, or the Last Foray in Lithuania: a History of the Nobility in the Years 1811 and 1812 in Twelve Books of Verse"), also known simply as "Pan Tadeusz", an epic poem in Polish, published in June in Paris
France Prešeren, Sonnets of Unhappiness ()
Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
7 February – Estanislao del Campo (died 1880), Argentine poet
24 March – William Morris (died 1896), English poet and designer
27 March – Melissa Elizabeth Riddle Banta (died 1907), American poet
5 May – Emily Rebecca Page (died 1862), American poet and editor
24 June – George Arnold (died 1865), American author and poet
9 July – Jan Neruda (died 1891), Czech writer
27 August – Roden Noel (died 1894), English poet
1 October – Mary Mackellar, née Cameron (died 1890), Scottish Gaelic poet and translator
2 November – Harriet McEwen Kimball (died 1917), American poet, hymnwriter, philanthropist
10 November – José Hernández (died 1886), Argentine poet
23 November – James Thomson (died 1882), Scottish poet publishing under the pen name "Bysshe Vanolis"
Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
17 February – John Thelwall (born 1764), radical English orator, writer, elocutionist and poet
23 February – Karl Ludwig von Knebel (born 1744), German poet and translator
25 July – Samuel Taylor Coleridge, English Romantic poet, critic and writer
5 December – Thomas Pringle (born 1789), Scottish writer, poet and abolitionist
27 December – Charles Lamb, English, poet, playwright, critic and essayist
See also
19th century in literature
19th century in poetry
Golden Age of Russian Poetry (1800–1850)
List of poetry awards
List of poets
List of years in poetry
List of years in literature
Poetry
Young Germany (Junges Deutschland) a loose group of German writers from about 1830 to 1850
Notes
19th-century poetry
Poetry |
The Palestinian National Authority requires their residents register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates.
There are two different registration systems in use: one for West Bank and one in the Gaza Strip.
West Bank
Generally, registration plates in the West Bank have the Latin letter "P" for Palestine or Palestinian Authority on the strip in the right side; above that, the Arabic letter (Faa') for () or ().
Private vehicles since July 2018
The Palestinian Authority's Ministry of Transport has announced a new numbering system for vehicles registered as of July 2018. According to the new method, vehicles will have a 6-character license number, which includes 5 digits and one Latin letter (as opposed to the previous system where the license number was 7 digits). The change in format was done because the code assigned to Ramallah Governorate was running out of possible combinations.
The proposed system will be in the #-####-X format, with the first five digits running in a serial fashion.
The last letter in the number will be determined according to the governorate in which the vehicle was registered, and may be:
The letter A – Jenin
The letter B – Tulkarm
The letter C – Tubas
The letter D – Nablus
The letter E – Qalqilya
The letter F – Salfit
The letter G – Jericho
The letter H – Ramallah
The letter J – Jerusalem
The letter K – Bethlehem
The letter L – Hebron, Hebron Governorate
The letter M – Dura, Hebron Governorate
The letter N – Yatta, Hebron Governorate
The following letters are reserved for the Gaza Strip but have not been implemented yet, as the authorities in Gaza have implemented a different format since 2012:
The letter P – North Gaza (Jabalia)
The letter Q – Gaza
The letter R – Deir al-Balah
The letter S – Khan Yunis
The letter T – Rafah
Motorcycle license plates have the same format and are treated as private vehicles, but are issued in two dimensions appropriate for the rear of a motorcycle.
Private vehicles between 1994 and July 2018
With the implementation of the Oslo II Accord and the transfer of some of the civil responsibilities in the occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip from Israeli Civil Administration to the Palestinian National Authority in 1994, a new license plate format was introduced to replace the existing format that had been issued by the Israeli Civil Administration.
Private vehicles had white plates with green numbers, the numbers have seven digits, the first shows the district (governorate) of the registration:
Y-XXXX-ZZ
where Y indicates the district (governorate) and can be:
1: Gaza Strip, for vehicles registered prior to 1995 (North Gaza, Gaza, Central Gaza, Khan Yunis and Rafah Governorates)
3: Gaza Strip, for vehicles registered after 1995 (North Gaza, Gaza, Central Gaza, Khan Yunis and Rafah Governorates) — the initial "3" has been kept after the introduction of the present license plate system in 2012
4: Northern West Bank, for vehicles registered prior to 1995 (Jenin, Nablus, Qalqilya, Salfit, Tubas and Tulkarm Governorates)
5: Central West Bank, for vehicles registered prior to 1995 (Ramallah, Jerusalem and Jericho Governorates)
6: Central West Bank, for vehicles registered after 1995 (Ramallah, Jerusalem and Jericho Governorates)
7: Northern West Bank, for vehicles registered after 1995 (Jenin, Nablus, Qalqilya, Salfit, Tubas and Tulkarm Governorates)
8: Southern West Bank, for vehicles registered prior to 1995 (Bethlehem and Hebron Governorates)
9: Southern West Bank, for vehicles registered after 1995 (Bethlehem and Hebron Governorates)
X can be any 4-digit number.
ZZ
For privately-owned vehicles, "ZZ" can be 40 to 49 and 90 to 98.
Generally, vehicles owned by the Palestinian Authority carry the code 99.
For vehicles that were registered prior to 1995 (district codes 1, 4, 5, and 8), "ZZ" corresponds to the year in which the car was first registered:
77 to 79 respectively for vehicles registered from 1967 to 1969
70 to 76 respectively for vehicles registered from 1970 to 1976
37 to 39 respectively for vehicles registered from 1977 to 1979
40 to 49 respectively for vehicles registered from 1980 to 1989
90 to 95 respectively for vehicles registered from 1990 to 1995
For public for-hire vehicles, "ZZ" is 30
For duty and tax-free vehicles (such as ambulances), "ZZ" is 31
For vehicles leased with the extension, "ZZ" is 32
For the first few years of issuance of this format until 2005, the shape and design of the license plate was slightly different. The positioning and the style of the Arabic letter "ف" and the English letter "P" on the right hand side differed, with the Arabic letter being on the bottom and "P" on the top. The license plate also featured an embossed green Eagle of Saladdin, the official emblem of Palestine.
Motorcycle license plates had the same format and were treated as private vehicles, but were issued in two dimensions appropriate for the rear of a motorcycle.
Public transport
Public transport vehicles such as taxis, shared taxis and buses have green plates with white numbers. Taxi plates always end in "30".
Plates for government vehicles
Vehicles belonging to the Palestinian Authority such as officials' cars, ambulances, fire brigade police and special military police use white number plates with red numbers in the XXXX format with leading zeros.
For the first few years of issuance of this format until 2005, the shape and design of the license plate was slightly different.
Currently, newly-registered police vehicles receive green-on-white plates ending in "99".
Stolen vehicle plates
This class of license plates, unique in the world, is the outcome of the complications related to the Israeli–Palestinian peace process.
With the signing of Gaza–Jericho Agreement, establishment of the Palestinian Civil Police Force, and replacement of Israel Police in most areas of the Gaza Strip with the former, Israeli car thieves fenced about 15,000 stolen cars into the Gaza Strip, where they were then sold away from the reach of Israel Police. Israeli car owners, unable to retrieve their cars, would be reimbursed by their insurance, and they would buy new cars. In effect, this resulted in Israeli insurance companies paying for Gaza's used car trade. When the insurance companies sued, the Palestinian Authority settled and the settlement cost was offset in part by increased registration fees for cars that had been stolen: to designate those cars, they were given special license plates. These license plates had black texts and black borders on a white background. On the right hand side, instead of having the "P / ف" national identifiers, as was the norm with other types of registration plates, they had "ف / م". The Arabic letter "م" stands for المقيدة, meaning "restricted", and was effectively a euphemism referring to the vehicle's origins. By 2005, the Palestinian Authority phased this class of license plates out and replaced them with typical license plates.
The rormat of these license plates was YY-XXX, where YY could have been:
25 for government vehicles
26 for police vehicles
27-30 for privately owned vehicles
Test plates
Test plates for garages and car importers are blue with white text and display the word "TEST" in Arabic () and Hebrew () above the number.
Gaza Strip
Until 2012 registration plates in the Gaza Strip had the same format as in the West Bank. In 2012 the authorities of the Gaza Strip replaced the PNA license plates described above with a new design. The new plates have a vertical Palestinian flag on the right (instead of the letters P/ف) in European style plate or horizontal flag on the top in American style plates. All the plates have white background. All numbers start with "3".
Private and governmental personal vehicles
Private and personal vehicles have black digits and borders. Private vehicle plate numbers end with "0X". Governmental personal vehicle numbers ending with "5X.
In 2021, vehicle license plates in the Gaza Strip underwent a design change, with a pattern of the word "Palestine" in Arabic and English overlaid on the numbers, and a horizontal Palestinian flag in place of the previous vertical, downward-facing flag.Motorcycle plates are rarely installed in the Gaza Strip.
Commercial vehicles
Commercial vehicles such as trucks have green digits and borders, with numbers ending in "1X".
Public vehicles
Public vehicles such as taxis and municipal vehicles have blue digits and borders. Public vehicle plate numbers end in "2X", while municipal vehicle plate numbers end in "4X".
Governmental vehicles
Governmental vehicles such as police cars, ambulances operated by the Ministry of Health and others have red digits and borders, with numbers ending in "5X".
1967–1994
During this period of the Israeli governance of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, Palestinians had license plates issued by the Israeli civil administration.
West Bank
West Bank license plates had black text and black borders on a light blue background. Each region was assigned a Hebrew letter code. Initially, this letter code was placed on a separate square plate, and installed adjacent to the license plate. Later, in from late 1970s onward, the letter was incorporated onto the license plates, on the left hand side. The letter code was black on a background of either white or orange. White background generally implied that the vehicle owner lived in a city in the West Bank, whereas orange indicated that the owner lived in one of the towns and villages in the vicinity. For plate sizes specific to imported vehicles that could only accommodate an American-sized license plate, this letter was inside a white or orange rectangle, at the top, above the numbers.
It is important to note that these letter codes do not correspond to the modern Governorates of Palestine. For example, there was no code for what's today Tubas Governorate, and the corresponding area was treated as subdivisions of Jenin. Palestinian towns and villages in Jerusalem Governorate but outside the municipal boundaries of the unilaterally annexed areas of East Jerusalem were either treated as subdivisions of Ramallah or Bethlehem depending on the location.
For about two years, from 1967 to 1969, West Bank license plates consisted of five digits. They had six digits until near the end of 1970s, and since then, they had seven digits. The seven-digit format was XX-XXX-XX, similar to those of Israeli cars. The last two numbers in the West Bank (XX) were either "1X" or "3X", whereas Israel avoided using these numbers on the yellow-coloured Israeli plates, thus avoiding the issue of duplicate numbers under the two parallel systems.
– Jericho (, , which transliterates into Hebrew as )
– Bethlehem ()
– Hebron ()
– Tulkarem ()
– Jenin ()
– Qalqilya ()
– Ramallah ()
– Nablus (, )
Gaza Strip
Gaza Strip license plates had black letters and black borders on a white background, differing from the West Bank plates, as well as with the yellow Israeli plates. Similar to the occupied West Bank, each region was assigned a Hebrew letter code. Initially, this letter code was placed on a separate square plate, and installed adjacent to the license plate. Later, in from late 1970s onward, the letter was incorporated onto the license plates, on the left side, on a white background, and surrounded by a uniquely shaped, round-cornered rectangle. However, the format was slightly changed in late 1980s, with the letter code being moved to the right hand side, and having unique colours as opposed to black, for each of the 3 districts.
– Deir al-Balah ()
– Gaza ()
– Rafah ()
1948–1967
References
Palestinian Authority
Transport in the State of Palestine |
William Thomas (1670–1738) was an English clergyman and antiquary. He was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge, from which he received two degrees. Through the influence of distant relation John Somers, 1st Baron Somers, he was granted the living of Exhall in Warwickshire and later became rector of St Nicholas in Worcester. Thomas received two further degrees in divinity in the 1720s, including a doctorate. As part of his work as an antiquary Thomas visited every church in Worcestershire and transcribed many documents, including the now lost Red Book of Worcester.
Life
Thomas was born in 1670, the only son of John Thomas and his wife Mary (née Bagnal). He was the grandson of the Welsh bishop of Worcester William Thomas (1613–1689). From 1685 Thomas attended Westminster School. He was elected to a scholarship at Trinity College, Cambridge, on 25 June 1688. Whilst at the college Thomas contributed verses to the collection of poetry published by the university on the birth of James Francis Edward Stuart, who briefly became Prince of Wales. Thomas graduated with a bachelor of arts degree in 1691 and received a master of arts degree in 1695. He was a Fellow of Trinity College from 1694.
In 1700 Thomas travelled to France and Italy where he became a close friend of Sir John Pakington, 4th Baronet. After his return he was granted the living of Exhall in Warwickshire through the influence of John Somers, 1st Baron Somers, a distant relation. Thomas maintained a considerable estate at Atherstone and another near Toddington, Gloucestershire. He was married to Elizabeth Carter of Brill, Buckinghamshire. In 1721 he moved to Worcester, where he also sent his children for education.
In 1723 Thomas was awarded the living of the church of St Nicholas in Worcester, as rector, by John Hough, Bishop of Worcester. He was awarded a bachelor of divinity degree in 1723 and became a doctor of divinity in 1729. Thomas died on 26 July 1738 and was buried in the cloisters of Worcester Cathedral.
Antiquarianism
Thomas was a keen antiquary with a particular interest in the history of Worcestershire. He revised and completed a work discussing Chaucer's life and works started by John Urry and John Dart; this was published in London 1721. Thomas aspired to writing a history of Worcestershire and in furtherance of this goal transcribed many old documents and visited every church in the county. Thomas is said to have been so devoted to his work as an antiquary that he allowed himself little time for sleep, eating or leisure. Thomas published Antiquitates Prioratus Majoris Malverne in agro Wicciensi, an eight volume work, in London in 1725. He edited the second edition of Sir William Dugdale's Antiquities of Warwickshire, published in two volumes in London in 1730, and compiled a separately published index to that work. Thomas published A Survey of the Cathedral Church of Worcester, with an account of the Bishops thereof in London in 1736. He also transcribed the Red Book of Worcester, a 13th-century survey of the holdings of the Bishop of Worcester. The original manuscript of the Red Book has since been lost.
Legacy
Thomas's collection of documents was used by Treadway Russell Nash in writing his history of Worcestershire. Nash included a mezzotint portrait of Thomas by Valentine Green in the work when it was published in 1781. Thomas's papers on Worcestershire are now held by the Society of Antiquaries of London. A copy of Thomas's A Survey of the Cathedral Church of Worcester is held in the Royal Collection, possibly having been acquired by William IV.
References
1670 births
1738 deaths
18th-century English Anglican priests
English antiquarians
Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge |
This is a list of species in the genus Chrysops.
Chrysops species
References
Chrysops |
Murielle Magellan (born 1967) is a French writer and theater director.
She was born Murielle Dbjay in Limoges and grew up in Montauban. She took the name Murielle Magellan when she moved to Paris at the age of 17. Magellan studied at the Studio des Variétés and the school of the Théâtre national de Chaillot there. She lived in Montreuil for ten years and has lived in Rosny-sous-Bois since 2001.
She was coauthor for the television mini-series which won a Globe de Cristal Award in 2006. She was also coauthor for the television film , based on the novel by Émile Zola.
Selected works
La saveur subtile des dinosaures, play (1995)
Pierre et Papillon, play, received the Prix de l’association Beaumarchais in 2002
Le Lendemain Gabrielle, novel (2007)
Traits d'union, play
(Sous les jupes des filles, film script
Si j’étais un homme, film script
Les Petits Meurtres d'Agatha Christie, television series
Un refrain sur les murs, novel (2011)
N’oublie pas les oiseaux, novel (2014)
Les indociles, novel (2016)
Changer le sens des rivières, novel
References
External links
1967 births
Living people
French women novelists
French women screenwriters
French dramatists and playwrights |
Castelseprio was the site of a Roman fort in antiquity, and a significant Lombard town in the early Middle Ages, before being destroyed and abandoned in 1287. It is today preserved as an archaeological park in the modern comune of Castelseprio, near the modern village of the same name. It is in the north of Italy, in the Province of Varese, about 50 km northwest of Milan.
The fame of Castelseprio lies in the Early Medieval frescoes contained in the apse of the small Church of Santa Maria foris portas, which were only rediscovered in 1944. These frescoes are of exceptional rarity and artistic significance, and show strong Byzantine influence. The dating of the frescoes and the origin of their painter or painters remain controversial, although the first half of the 9th century seems to be emerging as the most likely date.
In 2011, the church - and the castrum with the Torba Tower - became a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of a group of seven inscribed as Longobards in Italy, Places of Power (568-774 A.D.). In 2006, the Italian Ministry of Culture in a submission to UNESCO, said:
History
Castelseprio originated as a Roman fort that commanded an important crossroad. During the early Middle Ages, the Lombards occupied the Roman fort, turning it into a fortified citadel or small town. At one point coins were minted there - a sign of its importance. The Church of Santa Maria foris portas ("foris portas" meaning "outside the gates" in Latin) which contains the famous frescoes, lay just outside the walls of the citadel. The early dedication of the church to Mary is an assumption; the first documented mention of a church dedicated to Mary in Castelseprio (which is assumed to be this one) comes from the 13th century.
The whole citadel was completely destroyed by Ottone Visconti, Archbishop of Milan, after he captured it in 1287, to prevent it being used again by his rivals. Investigations into the church, which began in 1934, finally uncovered the famous Byzantinesque frescoes below later plaster in 1944.
The whole area is now an archaeological zone containing the remains of the walls and of the much larger three-aisled 5th-century Basilica of San Giovanni Evangelista. There is also a baptistry of the 5th to 7th centuries dedicated to St. John the Baptist. This has two fonts, perhaps for the use of different Rites, and is octagonal with a small apse to the east. A third Church of San Paolo has a central hexagonal plan and was built between the 6th and 12th centuries. There are some ruins left from the castle. Nearby is a large tower, once used as a convent.
Frescoes
When the Church of Santa Maria foris portas was investigated in 1944, it was found to contain, as well as later frescoes, a highly important and sophisticated cycle of fresco paintings showing very strong Byzantine influence.
Style
It is thought by some scholars, including Leveto, that two different hands can be detected, but the origins of these artists are uncertain and subject to speculation.
The frescoes are sophisticated, expressive and confident. The artists adapt traditional compositional types to the particular site without strain or disproportion. Poses are natural and rhythmic, and the whole has "a great ardor and conviction, an intense response to the human meaning of the subject" (Schapiro).
While some aspects of the frescoes, notably the iconography, are clearly Byzantine, others may draw on the Christian art of Syria or Egypt.
The frescoes also have significant aspects which relate most closely to the late antique art of Italy. Several of the buildings are successfully foreshortened, and the relationship between buildings and figures is more effectively managed than in most Byzantine painting. The painting is done with unusual freedom compared to most Byzantine work; it is this feature in particular which relates to much earlier works from the late antiquity such as paintings found in the catacombs of Rome.
Some art historians see the style as coming from the tradition of Alexandria, from which no other painting on a similar scale remains. John Beckwith is somewhat less enthusiastic than some art historians, describing the frescos as "wholly competent" and worthy of comparison with 7th century works in Rome He believed the "drapery folds ... a complex series of angular ridges emphasized by highlights ... make a decidedly metallic impression, and betray the copyist, who foreshadows in a disturbing way tenth-century mannerisms".
Subjects
The Byzantinesque frescoes are located around the curved wall of the apse, and the inward surface of the arch between the apse and the main body of the church. The condition of the frescoes is variable; some parts are well-preserved whilst others are missing completely, or barely visible. Much of the painted area has been pitted to provide a key for the subsequent plastering-over (see the lower area in the middle of the Presentation scene).
The subjects of the missing or fragmentary scenes are a matter of some scholarly controversy with some writers proposing that these scenes made up a cycle on the Life of the Virgin, and others one on the Life of Christ; these views are described below.
The frescoes are in three registers, the middle register being interrupted by three arched windows. They represent a cycle of the Nativity of Christ and may also have represented early aspects of the Life of Mary, or of Christ. The lowest register has a decorative frieze below which there are a few remains in the centre showing painted curtain railings and religious symbols. This register may not have contained figures. The upper and middle registers contain narrative paintings. The cycle may have been part of a larger scheme of decoration which once included the outer face of the arch and the other walls of the church.
Upper register of narratives:
1) Over the main arch, on the side inward to the apse, rather than in the body of the church, is a Hetoimasia, or Throne of God with symbols on it, in a roundel, with an archangel on either side, flying in a "victory" pose.
Then, on the curved wall of the apse, reading left to right:
2) Annunciation and Visitation - right side incomplete
missing roundel, which possibly contained the bust of Mary
3) Trial by Bitter Water - left side incomplete
4) Bust of Christ Pantocrator, in a roundel over central window of the eastern apse. Below the window in the lowest register are traces of a painted exedra containing a Gospel book on a cushion.
5) Dream of Saint Joseph
missing roundel, which possibly contained the bust of John the Baptist.
6) Journey to Bethlehem - incomplete on the right
Middle Register
On the curved wall, reading from right to left :
7) Nativity, and Annunciation to the shepherds
8) Presentation of Jesus at the Temple
Fragmentary remains of two frescoes which may have been:
9) The Flight into Egypt. or (in the Marian interpretation) The Birth of the Virgin)
10) The Massacre of the Innocents or (in the Marian interpretation) The Presentation of the Virgin at the Temple)
On the two inner faces of the apsidal arch :
11) Adoration of the Magi, on the inner face of the right side of the arch.
12) on the inner face of the left side of the arch - remnants perhaps from The Dream of the Magi or (in the Marian interpretation) the Rejection of Joachim's Offerings at the Temple)
Chronological sequence
The alternative chronological sequences of the ten narrative scenes would run as follows:
Nativity of Christ: 2,5,3,6,7,8,11,12,9,10
Life of Mary: 12,9,10,2,5,3,6,7,8,11
In the Marian version the three missing scenes come at the start of the story, rather than the end. Neither sequence follows a consistent chronological sequence on the wall. Joseph's (first) dream and the trial by bitter water come chronologically between the Annunciation and the Visitation. The Presentation of Jesus in the Temple should, according to Leviticus have happened on the fortieth day after the birth. The timing of the visit of Magi is not mentioned in the Gospels, and apocryphal writings placed it between seven days and two years after the Nativity. The Eastern church, and by the Gothic period the Western church also, at least in art, placed it very soon after the birth, so that the Magi, like the shepherds, are included in Nativity scenes themselves. At this date, however, the Western church tended to place the arrival of the Magi later, though certainly before the Flight to Egypt and the Massacre of the Innocents. Some departure from chronology to enable thematic or typological connections to be emphasised is a common feature of medieval picture cycles.
The Marian interpretation
Some scholars, notably P.D. Leveto, interpret the cycle as being "Marian", that is, part of the Life of Mary, rather than specifically representing those scenes associated with the Nativity. Evidence for this interpretation is the presence of the rarely depicted scene of the "Trial by Bitter Water". With this interpretation, the three missing narrative scenes would have had a different content, and the sequence itself would be differently ordered, moving from the left-hand side of the arch to the first two scenes of the lower register, through the top register and then to lower right-hand scenes and finishing with the Magi scene on the opposite side of the arch. In this proposed arrangement, the two scenes of the Birth and Presentation at the Temple of Mary are visually balanced with each other, whilst the Presentation and the Trial by water above it are concerned with Mary's virginity. Also balanced are the two scenes of offerings on either side of the arch wall; in both cases the figures are placed to make their offerings away from the empty arched space, to keep the visual attention focused within the apse.
Dating
In 1950, soon after the frescoes were first discovered, a poll of the scholars who attended a conference in Castelseprio showed a rough split between dates in the 7th and 10th century, although the extreme range of dates that have been suggested stretches from the 6th to the 14th century - an almost unprecedented range in medieval art history.
Since that time, the range of possible dates has narrowed significantly. Radio-carbon dating of timber and thermoluminescent dating of roof tiles suggest that the church was built in the early to mid-ninth century. While providing a reasonably sound date for the church structure, this can only be "terminus post quem" for the frescoes, which may have been added later. However, the rough finish on the interior stonework leads many scholars to believe that the frescoes were added as part of the original building programme.
A "terminus ante quem" was provided by the discovery of graffiti scratched into the fresco plaster recording a number of clerical appointments, the earliest of which is dated (by the name of the presiding Archbishop of Milan) to 948 at the latest. Many writers feel that a certain interval must have elapsed after the painting of the cycle before the clergy would have treated the paintings in this way.
Many art historians have pointed to a relationship between the frescoes and two closely related manuscripts, namely the Joshua Roll (Vatican Library, Ms palatine gr. 431) and the Paris Psalter (Bibliothèque nationale de France Ms Grec. 139) . However, the dating of both manuscripts is likewise controversial. The art historians Kurt Weitzmann and Meyer Schapiro agreed that the artistic quality of the frescoes is superior to that of either manuscript.
Kurt Weitzmann preferred a date shortly before 945, and postulated a connection with a marriage between a Lombard princess and a Byzantine prince, which took place in 944. He favoured as the artist an unknown Constantinopolitan artist, trained in the same workshop as the artists of the two manuscripts, on a visit in connection with the marriage. Schapiro preferred a date between the 7th and 9th centuries, in 1957 settling on the 8th century.
Most recent writers, relying on the analysis of the timber and roof tiles mentioned above, prefer the first half of the 9th century. Some writers believe the work may have been done by Greek refugees long settled in Italy, or by Italians trained by such artists. Others believe that artists fresh from the Byzantine world were responsible.
Aspects of the works
Almost every aspect of the frescoes, from the clothing to the treatment of the nimbus or halo around the infant Christ, has been analysed and compared to other works in great detail. Some examples are:
The inscriptions naming various figures are in Latin, and in Roman script, but the midwife at the Nativity is named as "EMEA", the "E" ("H" in the Greek alphabet) being a form of the Greek for "the". In the Byzantine period it is common to find Greek inscriptions naming figures in paintings which include the definite article. The Greek form of the inscription would be: "H MAIA".
The treatment of the architectural elements within the paintings has been compared to Hellenizing work produced for Moslem patrons in the 8th century, at the Great Mosque in Damascus and elsewhere.
The legend of the doubting midwife, whose withered arm is miraculously cured, shown in the Nativity scene, probably appears only in art from the West during this period.
The Ordeal of the bitter water is otherwise extremely rare in Western iconography, and this is one of the latest of the few Byzantine depictions. The legend comes from the apocryphal Protoevangelium of James and occurs, in the fully developed story, after the Dream of Joseph, in which an angel reassures Joseph who is disturbed to discover Mary's pregnancy, since he knows he has not slept with her. In the legend, others also notice the pregnancy and to dispel gossip and accusations, the priests of the Temple (where Mary had formerly been a temple maid) make the couple undergo the trial of drinking "bitter water" — their reaction to which will prove or disprove their innocence. Naturally they pass. The idea of the trial is clearly based on Numbers 5, 11 ff. The legend was part of some Western medieval religious dramas, in which the "detractors" then drank the water, with horrible results. An example is the N-town Pageant series manuscript in the British Library, London (BL MS Cotton Vespasian D.8), which is mid-15th century from the East Midlands of England.
Notes
References
Beckwith, John, Early Christian and Byzantine Art, Penguin History of Art (now Yale), 2nd edn. 1979,
The Frescoes of Castelseprio (1952 & 1957) in Meyer Schapiro, Selected Papers, volume 3, Late Antique, Early Christian and Mediaeval Art, pp 67–142, 1980, Chatto & Windus, London, , originally in The Art Bulletin, June 1952 and Dec 1957.
P.D. Leveto, The Marian theme of the frescoes in S. Maria at Castelseprio, PD Leveto Art Bulletin 72 (1990), 393-413 (JSTOR)
Further reading
The Fresco Cycle of S. Maria di Castelseprio by Kurt Weitzmann, 1951, Princeton.
M. Colaone, Il Seprio. I luoghi, la storia, il mistero di una regione nascosta, Monza, Menaresta Editore, 2011. .
There is a very full bibliography on the official website - "Bibliografia" page.
External links
Official site — one page in English, but Italian version is very full, with maps, history, bibliography etc. For fresco pictures, click "I monumenti", then "Il ciclo di pitture" on the menu band below.
PD Leveto article in JStor (subscription only beyond first page, which itself has useful information).
World Heritage Sites in Italy
Byzantine art
Fresco paintings in Lombardy
Roman towns and cities in Italy
Buildings and structures in Lombardy
Parks in Lombardy
Museums in Lombardy
Archaeological museums in Italy
Open-air museums in Italy
Archaeological sites in Lombardy
Ghost towns in Italy
National museums of Italy |
General Sir Edward Bowater KCH (1787 – 14 December 1861) was a British soldier and courtier.
Background and education
Born in St James's Palace, Bowater descended from a Coventry family and was the only son of the Admiral Edward Bowater. His mother Louisa was the daughter of Thomas Lane and widow of George Edward Hawkins, who had served as serjeant surgeon to King George III. He was educated at Harrow School and went then to the University of Oxford, where he graduated with a Doctor of Civil Law.
Military career
He entered the British Army in 1804 and was commissioned as ensign into the 3rd Foot Guards. Bowater was present in the Battle of Copenhagen (1807) and was then transferred with his regiment to Portugal. He joined the Taking of Porto and following the Battle of Talavera, where he was wounded, he purchased a lieutenancy in August 1809. In December he left for England, however returned to the Peninsular War after two years. He fought in the Battle of Salamanca in July 1812 and the Siege of Burgos in October. In the following year Bowater took part in the Battle of Vitoria in June and then was commanded to the Siege of San Sebastián until September 1813. A month later, he served in the Battle of the Bidassoa and in December was involved in the fightings of the Battle of the Nive.
Bowater was advanced to a captain and lieutenant-colonel in 1814, receiving command of a company, and when Napoleon returned from his exile in 1815, he led his men in the Battle of Quatre Bras. He was wounded again in the Battle of Waterloo in June. In 1826, Bowater was promoted to colonel and in 1837 to major-general, after which he was awarded a Knight Commander of the Royal Guelphic Order. He obtained the colonelship of the 49th Regiment of Foot in April 1846 and became lieutenant-general in November. In 1854 he was made a full general.
At court
Bowater was nominated an equerry to King William IV in 1832, a position he held until the King's death six years later. In 1840 he was admitted to Prince Albert, who had shortly before arrived at the court, until 1846, when he was appointed Groom in Waiting in Ordinary to the latter's wife Queen Victoria.
Personal life
In 1839, Bowater married Emilia Mary, the daughter of Colonel Michael Barne. Their only daughter Louisa became the wife of Rainald Knightley, 1st Baron Knightley. Bowater died after short illness in Cannes in 1861, on the same day as his former master the Prince Consort, while accompanying the latter's son Prince Leopold on a sojourn.
Notes
References
Attribution
External links
1787 births
1861 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
People educated at Harrow School
People of the Battle of Waterloo
Scots Guards officers
Military personnel from Westminster
British Army personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
British Army generals
Equerries
Residents of Thatched House Lodge |
Sarah Cooper (born 1977) is an American comedian, author, and video maker.
Sarah Cooper may also refer to:
Sarah Brown Ingersoll Cooper (1835–1896), American philanthropist and educator
Sarah Cooper (marmalade maker) (1848–1932), English marmalade maker
Sarah Cooper (sport shooter) (born 1949), English sport shooter
Sarah Cooper (soccer) (born 1969), Australian footballer
See also
Sara Cooper, American playwright and lyricist |
There have been eleven Gordon Baronetcies :
Gordon of Letterfourie, Sutherland (1625)
The creation of Robert Gordon of Gordonstoun, 4th son of the Alexander Gordon, 12th Earl of Sutherland, to the Baronetage of Nova Scotia was the first such in that Baronetage, and until the line failed in 1908 were the premier baronets in Scotland.
Gordon of Gordonstoun
Sir Robert Gordon, 1st Baronet (1580–1656), MP for Invernesshire
Sir Ludovick Gordon, 2nd Baronet (1624 – ), MP for Elgin & Forresshire
Sir Robert Gordon, 3rd Baronet FRS (1647–1704), MP for Sutherland
Sir Robert Gordon, 4th Baronet (1696–1772), MP for Caithness 1715–1722
Sir Robert Gordon, 5th Baronet (c. 1738 – 1776)
Sir William Gordon, 6th Baronet (died 1795)
Gordon of Letterfourie
Alexander Gordon of Letterfourie (1715–1797), never assumed title, dormant until 1806
Sir James Gordon, 8th Baronet (1779–1843)
Sir William Gordon, 9th Baronet (1803–1861)
Sir Robert Glendonwyn Gordon, 10th Baronet (1824–1908)
baronetcy dormant 24 Mar 1908
Gordon of Cluny, Aberdeen (1625)
Sir Alexander Gordon, 1st Baronet (died c. 1648)
Sir John Gordon, 2nd Baronet (died c. 1668)
baronetcy dormant c 1668
Gordon of Lesmore, Aberdeen (1625)
Sir James Gordon, 1st Baronet (died c. 1640)
Sir James Gordon, 2nd Baronet (died c. 1647)
Sir William Gordon, 3rd Baronet (died c. 1671)
Sir William Gordon, 4th Baronet (died c. 1684)
Sir James Gordon, 5th Baronet (died c. 1710)
Sir William Gordon, 6th Baronet (died 1750)
Sir Alexander Gordon, 7th Baronet (died 1782)
Sir Francis Gordon, 8th Baronet (c. 1764 – 1839)
baronetcy dormant 9 Nov 1839
Gordon of Lochinvar, Kirkcudbright (1626)
Sir Robert Gordon of Lochinvar, 1st Baronet (c 1565 – 1628)
Sir John Gordon, 2nd Baronet (1599–1634) created Viscount of Kenmure in 1633
Baronetcy merged with Viscountcy until it became dormant in 1847
Gordon of Embo, Sutherland (1631)
Sir John Gordon, 1st Baronet (died 1649)
Sir Robert Gordon, 2nd Baronet (died 1697)
Sir John Gordon, 3rd Baronet (died 1701)
Sir William Gordon, 4th Baronet (died 1760)
Sir John Gordon, 5th Baronet (died 1779)
Sir James Gordon, 6th Baronet (died 1786)
Sir William Gordon, 7th Baronet (1736–1804)
Sir John Gordon, 8th Baronet (died 1804)
Sir Orford Gordon, 9th Baronet (died 1857)
Sir William Home Gordon, 10th Baronet (1818–1876)
Sir Home Seton Gordon, 11th Baronet (1845–1906)
Sir Home Seton Charles Montagu Gordon, 12th Baronet (1871–1956)
Baronetcy extinct or dormant 9 Sep 1956
Gordon of Haddo, Aberdeen (1642)
see Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair
Gordon of Park, Banff (1686)
Sir John Gordon, 1st Baronet (died 1713)
Sir James Gordon, 2nd Baronet (died 1727)
Sir William Gordon, 3rd Baronet (died 1751)
Sir John James Gordon, 4th Baronet (1749–1780)
Sir John Bury Gordon, 5th Baronet (1779–1835)
baronetcy extinct or dormant 23 Jul 1835
Gordon of Dalpholly, Sutherland (1704)
also known as Gordon of Invergordon
Sir William Gordon, 1st Baronet (died 1742) MP for Sutherlandshire 1708–1713 and 1714–1727 and Cromartyshire 1741–1742
Sir John Gordon, 2nd Baronet (c. 1707 – 1783) MP for Cromartyshire 1742–1747 and 1754–1761
Sir Adam Gordon, 3rd Baronet (died 1817) Rector of West Tilbury in Essex
Sir George Gordon, 4th Baronet (died 1840)
Sir Adam Gordon, 5th Baronet (died 1850)baronetcy dormant 1850 Gordon of Earlston, Kirkcudbright (1706)
Sir William Gordon, 1st Baronet, of Earlston (1654–1718)
Sir Alexander Gordon, 2nd Baronet (1650–1726)
Sir Thomas Gordon, 3rd Baronet (1685–1769)
Sir John Gordon, 4th Baronet (1720–1795)
Sir John Gordon, 5th Baronet (1780–1843)
Sir William Gordon, 6th Baronet (1830–1906)
Sir Charles Edward Gordon, 7th Baronet (1835–1910)
Sir Robert Charles Gordon, 8th Baronet (1862–1939)
Sir John Charles Gordon, 9th Baronet (1901–1982)
Sir Robert James Gordon, 10th Baronet (born 1932)
Gordon of Newark-upon-Trent, Nottinghamshire (1764)
Sir Samuel Gordon, 1st Baronet (died 1780)
Sir Jenison William Gordon, 2nd Baronet (1747–1831)baronetcy extinct 1831 Gordon of Northcourt, Isle of Wight (1818)
Sir James Willoughby Gordon, 1st Baronet (1772–1851)
Sir Henry Percy Gordon, 2nd Baronet (1806–1876)baronetcy extinct 1876References
Notes
Sources
Cokayne. Complete Baronetage''. V vols. Exeter, 1902.
Baronetcies in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia
Dormant baronetcies in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia
Extinct baronetcies in the Baronetage of Great Britain
Extinct baronetcies in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
1625 establishments in Nova Scotia
1764 establishments in Great Britain
1818 establishments in the United Kingdom |
An election to Fingal County Council took place on 11 June 2004 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 24 councillors were elected from six local electoral areas (LEAs) for a five-year term of office on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
Results by party
Results by local electoral area
Balbriggan
Castleknock
Howth
Malahide
Mulhuddart
Swords
References
External links
Official website
2004 Irish local elections
2004 |
Expedition Amazon is a 1983 role-playing video game designed by Willard Phillips for the Apple II and published by Penguin Software. The goal of the game is to guide four explorers as they study Incan ruins. There are four classes in the game: Medic, Field Assistant, Radio Operator, and Guard.
Reception
Computer Gaming World criticized its documentation, but called Expedition Amazon "a very enjoyable game that doesn't take itself too seriously" and suggested that it be played with friends.
References
External links
1983 video games
Apple II games
Commodore 64 games
FM-7 games
NEC PC-8801 games
NEC PC-9801 games
Role-playing video games
Video games developed in the United States
Penguin Software games
Video games set in South America |
Felimida luteorosea is a species of colorful sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae.
Description
The size of the body varies between 30 mm and 55 mm.
Distribution
This species occurs in European waters (Spain, Portugal), the Mediterranean Sea (Greece, Gulf of Trieste in Northern Adriatic Sea) and in the Atlantic Ocean off Angola.
References
Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
Gofas, S.; Afonso, J.P.; Brandào, M. (Ed.). (S.a.). Conchas e Moluscos de Angola = Coquillages et Mollusques d'Angola. [Shells and molluscs of Angola]. Universidade Agostinho / Elf Aquitaine Angola: Angola. 140 pp.
Debelius, H. & Kuiter, R.H. (2007) Nudibranchs of the world. ConchBooks, Frankfurt, 360 pp. page(s): 182
Johnson R.F. & Gosliner T.M. (2012) Traditional taxonomic groupings mask evolutionary history: A molecular phylogeny and new classification of the chromodorid nudibranchs. PLoS ONE 7(4): e33479
External links
Chromodorididae
Gastropods described in 1827 |
Drigung Kagyud Zhadpa Dorjeeling is a small Buddhist nunnery (gompa) located in Bhodkharbu, Ladakh, India. The nunnery follows the Drigungpa order. About 55 nuns (chomo) of different ages live there and spend their days learning about Buddhist philosophy and practising rituals.
History
The nunnery has been founded by a group of nuns who shifted from Nepal to Bhodkharbu in 2008. Since then the community kept growing and developing. Nowadays it hosts nuns who are originally from Nepal as well as nuns who come from the local area. Since last year some younger nuns (nomo) have been welcomed and a full-education curriculum for the younger sisters have been set up.
Location
The nunnery is located in Kargil district, Ladakh, Jammu and Kashir State, India. It is about 130 kilometres far from Leh and 80 kilometres from Kargil. It situated few hundred metres from the NH1 highways that passes through Bhodkharbu village.
Practice
The nuns practice different Buddhist rituals such as vairocana puja (kunrig, 7-days puja), mask dance (Chams) and Buddha's special days puja four or five times a month. Every morning at five they make a puja in the main temple.
Visiting
Every year the nunnery welcomes many foreign as well as Indian visitors. Regularly different nuns (chomo) and monks (lama) from other Buddhist nunneries and monasteries come to share teaching, learning and Buddhist practice. Furthermore, Dorjeeling nunnery has hosted several foreigners during the years for a more complete cultural and linguistic exchange.
References
Buddhist nunneries
Buddhism in Ladakh |
Cyperus esculentus (also called chufa, tiger nut, atadwe, yellow nutsedge, earth almond, and in Chishona, pfende) is a species of plant in the sedge family widespread across much of the world. It is found in most of the Eastern Hemisphere, including Southern Europe, Africa and Madagascar, as well as the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent. C. esculentus is cultivated for its edible tubers, called earth almonds or tiger nuts (due to the stripes on their tubers and their hard shell), as a snack food and for the preparation of horchata de chufa, a sweet, milk-like beverage.
Cyperus esculentus can be found wild, as a weed, or as a crop. It is an invasive species outside its native range, and is readily transported accidentally to become invasive. In many countries, C. esculentus is considered a weed. It is often found in wet soils such as rice paddies and peanut farms as well as well-irrigated lawns and golf courses during warm weather.
Description
Cyperus esculentus is an annual or perennial plant, growing to tall, with solitary stems growing from a tuber. The plant is reproduced by seeds, creeping rhizomes, and tubers. Due to its clonal nature, C. esculentus can take advantage of soil disturbances caused by anthropogenic or natural forces. The stems are triangular in section and bear slender leaves wide. The spikelets of the plant are distinctive, with a cluster of flat, oval seeds surrounded by four hanging, leaf-like bracts positioned 90 degrees from each other. They are long and linear to narrowly elliptic with pointed tips and 8 to 35 florets. The color varies from straw-colored to gold-brown. They can produce up to 2420 seeds per plant. The plant foliage is very tough and fibrous and is often mistaken for a grass. The roots are an extensive and complex system of fine, fibrous roots and scaly rhizomes with small, hard, spherical tubers and basal bulbs attached.
The tubers are in diameter and the colors vary between yellow, brown, and black. One plant can produce several hundred to several thousand tubers during a single growing season. With cool temperatures, the foliage, roots, rhizomes, and basal bulbs die, but the tubers survive and resprout the following spring when soil temperatures remain above . They can resprout up to several years later. When the tubers germinate, many rhizomes are initiated and end in a basal bulb near the soil surface. These basal bulbs initiate the stems and leaves above ground, and fibrous roots underground. C. esculentus is wind pollinated and requires cross pollination as it is self–incompatible.
Similar species
Sedges (Cyperus) have grass-like leaves and resemble each other in the appearance. They can mainly be distinguished from grasses by their triangular stems.
Purple nutsedge (C. rotundus) is another weedy sedge that is similar to the yellow nutsedge (C. esculentus). These two sedges are difficult to distinguish from each other and can be found growing on the same site. Some differences are the purple spikelets and the tubers formed by C. rotundus are often multiple instead of just one at the tip. In addition the tubers have a bitter taste instead of the mild almond-like flavour of C. esculentus.
Ecology
Cyperus esculentus is a highly invasive species in Oceania, Mexico, some regions of the United States, and the Caribbean, mainly by seed dispersion. It is readily transported internationally, and is adaptable to in varied climate and soil environments. In Japan, it is an exotic clonal weed favorable to establish in wet habitats.
Cultivation
Cyperus esculentus is cultivated in Egypt, Spain, Nigeria, United States, Guatemala, Mexico, Chile, Brazil, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, India, Yemen, Morocco, Ivory Coast, Sudan, South Sudan, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Ghana, Niger, Burkina Faso, Togo, Benin, Cameroon, and Mali, where they are used primarily as animal feed or as a side dish, but in Hispanic countries they are used mainly to make horchata, a sweet, milk-like beverage.
Climate requirements
Cyperus esculentus cultivation requires a mild climate. Low temperature, shade, and light intensity can inhibit flowering. Tuber initiation is inhibited by high levels of nitrogen, long photoperiods, and high levels of gibberellic acid. Flower initiation occurs under photoperiods of 12 to 14 hours per day.
Soil requirements
Tubers can develop in soil depths around 30 cm, but most occur in the top or upper part. They tolerate many adverse soil conditions including periods of drought and flooding and survive soil temperatures around . They grow best on sandy, moist soils at a pH between 5.0 – 7.5. The densest populations of C. esculentus are often found in low-lying wetlands. They do not tolerate salinity.
Cultivation
Cyperus esculentus is normally planted on previously tilled flat soils with ridges to facilitate irrigation. Seeds are planted manually on these ridges, which are approximately apart. Distances between seeds may vary from and seeding depth is around . A typical seeding rate for chufa is about 120 kg of tubers/ha (107 lbs/acre).
They are planted between April and May and must be irrigated every week until they are harvested in November and December. Tubers develop about 6–8 weeks after seedling emergence and grow quickly during July and August. The maturing is around 90–110 days. The average yield can approach between 10 and 19 t/ha.
Compatibility with other crops
Cyperus esculentus is extremely difficult to remove completely once established. This is due to the plant having a stratified and layered root system, with tubers and roots being interconnected to a depth of 36 cm or more. The tubers are connected by fragile roots that are prone to snapping when pulled, making the root system difficult to remove intact. Intermediate rhizomes can potentially reach a length of 60 cm. The plant can quickly regenerate if a single tuber is left in place. By competing for light, water and nutrients it can reduce the vigour of neighbouring plants. It can develop into a dense colony. Patch boundaries can increase by more than one meter per year. Tubers and seed disperse with agricultural activities, soil movement or by water and wind. They are often known as a contaminant in crop seeds. When plants are small they are hard to distinguish from other weeds such as Dactylis glomerata and Elytrigia repens. Thus it is hard to discover in an early stage and therefore hard to counteract. Once it is detected, mechanical removal, hand removal, grazing, damping, and herbicides can be used to inhibit C. esculentus.
Harvest and drying process
Harvest usually occurs in November or December and the leaves are scorched during the harvest. With a combine harvester, the tiger nut is pulled out of the ground. Immediately after harvesting, the tiger nuts are washed with water in order to remove sand and small stones. The drying occurs usually in the sun and can take up to three months. The temperatures and humidity levels have to be monitored very carefully during this period. The tiger nuts have to be turned every day to ensure uniform drying. The drying process ensures a longer shelf life. This prevents rot or other bacterial infections, securing quality and high nutrition levels.
Disadvantages in the drying process are shrinkage, skin wrinkles and hard nut texture.
Storage
Tiger nut loses a considerable amount of water during drying and storage. The starch content of the tiger nut tubers decreases and the reducing sugar (invert sugar) content increases during storage. Tiger nut can be stored dry and rehydrated by soaking without losing the crisp texture. Soaking is often done overnight. Dried tiger nuts have a hard texture and soaking is required to render them more easily edible and to ensure acceptable sensory quality.
According to the Consejo Regulador de Chufa de Valencia (Regulating Council for Valencia's Tiger Nuts), the nutritional composition/100 ml of the Spanish beverage horchata de chufas is as follows: energy content around 66 kcal, proteins around 0.5 g, carbohydrates over 10 g with starch at least 1.9 g, fats at least 2 g.
Uses
Dried tiger nut has a smooth, tender, sweet, and nutty taste. It can be consumed raw, roasted, dried, baked or as tiger nut milk, tiger nut drink or oil.
Drink
In Spain, the drink now known as horchata de chufa (also sometimes called horchata de chufas or, in West African countries such as Nigeria and Mali, kunun aya) is the original form of horchata. It is made from soaked, ground and sweetened tiger nuts mixed with sugar and water.
It remains popular in Spain, where a regulating council exists to ensure the quality and traceability of the product in relation to the designation of origin. There it is served ice-cold as a natural refreshment in the summer, often served with fartons.
The majority of the Spanish tiger nut crop is utilised in the production of horchata de chufa. Alboraya is the most important production centre.
The tubers can be roasted and ground into a coffee substitute.
Food
The tubers are edible raw or cooked. They have a slightly sweet, nutty flavour, compared to the more bitter-tasting tuber of the related Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge). They are quite hard and are generally soaked in water before they can be eaten, making them much softer and giving them a better texture. They are a popular snack in West Africa. The tubers can also be dried and ground into flour.
In Northern Nigeria, it is called aya and it is usually eaten fresh. It is sometimes dried and later rehydrated and eaten. A snack made by toasting the nuts and sugar coating it is popular among the Hausa children of Northern Nigeria. Also, a drink known as kunun aya is made by processing the nuts with dates and later sieved and served chilled.
In Egypt, tiger nuts are known by the name Hab el-Aziz and after softening it by soaking in water, it is sold on hand carts as a street food. Its popularity was depicted in movies, such as the song named after it, "Hab el Aziz".
Flour of roasted tiger nut is sometimes added to biscuits and other bakery products as well as in making oil, soap, and starch extracts. It is also used for the production of nougat, jam, beer, and as a flavoring agent in ice cream and in the preparation of kunu (a local beverage in Nigeria). Kunu is a nonalcoholic beverage prepared mainly from cereals (such as millet or sorghum) by heating and mixing with spices (dandelion, alligator pepper, ginger, licorice) and sugar. To make up for the poor nutritional value of kunu prepared from cereals, tiger nut was found to be a good substitute for cereal grains. Tiger nut oil can be used naturally with salads or for deep frying. It is considered to be a high-quality oil. Tiger nut “milk” has been tried as an alternative source of milk in fermented products, such as yogurt production, and other fermented products common in some African countries and can thus be useful replacing milk in the diet of people intolerant to lactose to a certain extent.
Oil
Since the tubers of C. esculentus contain 20-36% oil, it has been suggested as potential oil crop for the production of biodiesel. One study found that chufa produced 1.5 metric tonnes of oil per hectare (174 gallons/acre) based on a tuber yield of 5.67 t/ha and an oil content of 26.4%. A similar 6-year study found tuber yields ranging from 4.02 to 6.75 t/ha, with an average oil content of 26.5% and an average oil yield of 1.47 t/ha. The oil of the tuber was found to contain 18% saturated (palmitic acid and stearic acid) and 82% unsaturated (oleic acid and linoleic acid) fatty acids.
Fishing bait
The boiled nuts are used in the UK as a bait for carp. The nuts have to be prepared in a prescribed manner to prevent harm to the fish. The nuts are soaked in water for 24 hours, and then boiled for 20 minutes or longer until fully expanded. Some anglers then leave the boiled nuts to ferment for 24–48 hours, which can enhance their effectiveness. If the nuts are not properly prepared, they can be toxic to carp. This was originally thought to have been the cause of death of Benson, a large, well-known female carp weighing found floating dead in a fishing lake, with a bag of unprepared tiger nuts lying nearby, empty, on the bank. An examination of the fish by a taxidermist concluded tiger nut poisoning was not the cause of death, but rather the fish had died naturally.
History
It has been suggested that the extinct hominin Paranthropus boisei (the "Nutcracker Man") subsisted on tiger nuts.
Cyperus esculentus was one of the oldest cultivated plants in prehistoric and Ancient Egypt, where it was an important food. Roots of wild chufa have been found at Wadi Kubbaniya, north of Aswan, dating to around 16,000 BC. Dry tubers also appear later in tombs of the Predynastic period, around 3000 BC. During that time, C. esculentus tubers were consumed either boiled in beer, roasted, or as sweets made of ground tubers with honey. The tubers were also used medicinally, taken orally, as an ointment, or as an enema, and used in fumigants to sweeten the smell of homes or clothing. Chufa continued to be an important source of food in the Dynastic period, and cultivation of the plant remained exclusively in Egypt. The tomb of the vizier Rekhmire from the 15th century BCE, shows peasants preparing and measuring tiger nuts to make votive cakes as offerings to the god Amun. The modern name for tiger nuts in Egypt is حب العزيز (Hab el Aziz = grains of Al-Aziz) named after the Fatimid ruler who was reputedly fond of it.
References
External links
Flora of Northern America
Flora of Europe
Flora of Asia
Flora of Africa
Flora of Southern America
Flora of the Caribbean
Edible nuts and seeds
esculentus
Root vegetables
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus |
Nicholas Brent Corwin was an eight-year-old boy shot and killed by Laurie Dann, a mentally ill woman, in a Winnetka, Illinois, elementary school on May 20, 1988.
Dann also shot several other students, all of whom survived, then took a family hostage and set a fire in their house before committing suicide. Earlier that day, she had tried to poison several acquaintances and set fires in a school and a daycare.
People involved
Nick Corwin
Corwin was born on April 9, 1980, to Joel and Linda Corwin. In school he was an athlete known for his sportsmanship and skill.
Corwin is the namesake of a popular soccer field and playground in Winnetka.
According to a report in People magazine, 1,500 people attended his funeral.
Shortly after his death, playing on the meaning of his name (“giver of gifts”) his friends and schoolmates created a book, The Gifts that Nicholas Gave. He was remembered for his sportsmanship, kindness, and leadership.
Classmates remembered Corwin for his exemplary play. One told a reporter that the other children would not be able to play fairly, because Nick was the one who knew all the rules.
He is interred at Memorial Park Cemetery in Skokie, Illinois.
Following his death, Winnetka passed a handgun ban, which stood until D.C. vs Heller and subsequent NRA lawsuits.
Laurie Dann née Wasserman
Early life
Wasserman was born October 18, 1957, in Chicago and grew up in Glencoe, a north suburb of Chicago. She was the daughter of an accountant, Norman Wasserman, and his wife, Edith Joy.
Those who knew Wasserman described her as shy and withdrawn. She graduated from New Trier High School in Winnetka, Illinois, in 1975, and although she had poor grades in high school she was able to attend Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa. When her grades improved, she transferred to the University of Arizona with the goal of becoming a teacher. She began dating a pre-med student, and the relationship soon became serious, but she was becoming possessive and demanding. In the summer of 1977 she attended the University of Wisconsin in Madison, taking a course in home economics.
In 1980, with the relationship failing, Wasserman moved back to her parents' home. She then transferred to Northwestern University to complete her degree, but she dropped out of all her classes and never graduated.
Marriage and divorce
She met and married Russell Dann, an executive in an insurance broker firm in September 1982, but the marriage quickly soured as Russell's family noted signs of obsessive-compulsive disorder and strange behavior including leaving trash around the house. She saw a psychiatrist for a short period, who identified her childhood and upbringing as a cause of her problems.
Laurie and Russell Dann separated in October 1985. The divorce negotiations were acrimonious, with Laurie claiming that Russell was abusive. In the following months, the police were called to investigate various incidents, including several harassing phone calls made to Russell and his family. In April 1986, Dann accused Russell of breaking into and vandalizing her parents' house, where she was then living. Shortly after, she purchased a Smith & Wesson Model 19 .357 Magnum, telling the salesman that she needed it for self-defense. The police were concerned about her gun ownership and unsuccessfully tried to persuade Dann and her family that she should give up the gun.
In August 1986, she contacted her ex-boyfriend, who was by then a resident at a hospital, and claimed to have had his child. When he refused to believe her, Dann called the hospital where he worked and claimed he had raped her in the emergency room.
In September 1986, Russell Dann reported he had been stabbed in his sleep with an icepick. He accused Laurie of the crime, although he had not actually seen his attacker. The police decided not to press charges against Laurie based on a medical report which suggested that the injury might have been self-inflicted, as well as Russell's abrasive attitude towards the police and his failed polygraph test. Russell and his family continued to receive harassing hang-up phone calls, and Laurie was arrested for calls made to Russell's sister. The charges were dropped due to lack of evidence.
Just before their divorce was finalized in April 1987, Laurie accused Russell of raping her. There were no physical signs supporting Laurie's claim, although she passed two polygraph tests. In May 1987, Laurie accused Russell of placing an incendiary device in her home. No charges were filed against Russell for either alleged event. Laurie's parents believed her claims and supported and defended her throughout. By this time, Laurie Dann was being treated by another psychiatrist for obsessive-compulsive disorder and a "chemical imbalance"; the psychiatrist told police that he did not think Laurie was suicidal or homicidal.
Final year
Dann worked as a babysitter, and some employers were happy with the care she provided their children. Others made complaints to the police about damage to their furniture and the theft of food and clothes. Despite the complaints, no charges were pressed. Dann's father did pay for damages in one case.
In the summer of 1987, Dann sublet a university apartment in Evanston, Illinois. Once again, her strange behavior was noted, including riding up and down in elevators for hours, wearing rubber gloves to touch metal, and leaving meat to rot in sofa cushions. She took no classes at the university.
In the fall of 1987, Dann claimed she had received threatening letters from Russell and that he had sexually assaulted her in a parking lot, but the police did not believe her. A few weeks later, she purchased a .32-caliber Smith & Wesson Model 30-1 revolver.
With her condition deteriorating, Dann and her family sought specialized help. In November 1987, she moved to Madison, Wisconsin, to live in a student residence while being observed by a psychiatrist who specialized in obsessive-compulsive disorder. She had already begun taking clomipramine, a drug for OCD, and her new psychiatrist increased the dosage, adding lithium carbonate to reduce her mood swings and initiating behavioral therapy to work on her phobias and ritualistic behaviors. Despite the intervention, her strange behavior continued, including riding elevators for long periods, changing television channels repetitively, and an obsession with "good" and "bad" numbers. There were also concerns about whether she was bulimic.
Dann purchased a .22-caliber Beretta 21A Bobcat at the end of December 1987. In March 1988, she stopped attending her appointments with the psychiatrist and behavior therapist. At about the same time, she began to make preparations for the attacks. She stole books from the library on poisons, and she diluted arsenic and other chemicals from a lab. She also shoplifted clothes and wigs to disguise herself and was arrested for theft on one occasion. Both her psychiatrist and her father tried to persuade her to enter the hospital as an inpatient, but she refused.
Dann continued to make numerous hang-up phone calls to her former in-laws and babysitting clients. Eventually, the calls escalated to death threats. An ex-boyfriend and his wife also received dozens of threatening calls. In May 1988, a letter, later confirmed to have been sent by Laurie Dann, was sent to the hospital administration where her ex-boyfriend then worked, again accusing him of sexual assault. Since the phone calls were across state lines, the FBI became involved, and a federal indictment against Dann was prepared. However, the ex-boyfriend, fearful of publicity, and concerned about Dann getting bail and then attempting to fulfill her threats against him, decided to wait until other charges were filed in Illinois. In May 1988, a janitor found her lying in the fetal position inside a garbage bag in a trash room. This precipitated a search of her room and her departure back to Glencoe.
Attacks
During the days before May 20, 1988, Dann prepared rice cereal snacks and juice boxes poisoned with the diluted arsenic she had stolen in Madison. She mailed them to a former acquaintance, ex-babysitting clients, her psychiatrist, Russell Dann, and others. In the early morning of May 20, she personally delivered snacks and juice "samples" to acquaintances, and families for whom she had babysat, some of whom had not seen her for years. Other snacks were delivered to Alpha Tau Omega, Psi Upsilon, and Kappa Sigma fraternity houses and Leverone Hall at Northwestern University in Evanston. Notes were attached to some of the deliveries.
The drinks were often leaking and the squares unpleasant-tasting, so few were actually consumed. In addition, the arsenic was highly diluted so nobody became seriously ill.
At about 9 am on the 20th, Dann arrived at the home of the Rushe family, former babysitting clients in Winnetka, Illinois, to pick up their two youngest children. The family had just told Dann they were moving away. Instead of taking the children on the promised outing, she took them to Ravinia Elementary School in Highland Park, Illinois, where she erroneously believed that both of her former sister-in-law's two sons were enrolled (in fact, one of Dann's intended targets was not even a student at the school). She left the two children in the car while she entered the school and tried to detonate a fire bomb in one of the school's hallways. After Dann's departure, the small fire she set was subsequently discovered by students, and quickly extinguished by a teacher. She drove to a local daycare attended by her ex-sister-in-law's daughter and tried to enter the building with a plastic can of gasoline, but was stopped by staff.
Next Dann drove the children back to their home and offered them some arsenic-poisoned milk, but the boys spat it out because it tasted strange to them. Once at their home, she lured them downstairs and used gasoline to set fire to the house, trapping their mother and the two children in the basement, which they managed to escape from.
She drove three and a half blocks to the Hubbard Woods Elementary School with three handguns in her possession. She wandered into a second grade classroom for a short while, then left. Finding a boy in the corridor, Dann pushed him into the boys' washroom and shot him with a .22 semi-automatic Beretta pistol. Her Smith & Wesson .357 Magnum revolver jammed when she tried to fire it at two other boys, and she threw it into the trash along with its spare ammunition. The boys ran out of the washroom and raised the alarm. Dann then reentered the second grade classroom where students were working in groups on a bicycle safety test. She ordered all the children into the corner of the room. The teacher refused and attempted to disarm Dann, managing to unload the Beretta in the struggle. Dann drew a .32 Smith & Wesson from the waistband of her shorts and aimed it at several groups of the students. She shot five children, killing eight year-old Nick Corwin and wounding two girls and two boys before fleeing in her car.
Dann was prevented from leaving the area by car because the roads were closed for a funeral cortege. She decided to drive her car backwards down the nearby street, but the road dead-ended into a private drive. Abandoning her car, she removed her bloodstained shorts and tied a blue garbage bag around her waist. With her two remaining guns she made her way through the woods and came upon the house of the Andrew family. Dann entered the house and met a mother and her twenty-year-old son, who were in the kitchen. She claimed she had been raped by a man in her car and had shot the rapist in the struggle.
The Andrews were sympathetic and tried to convince her that she need not fear the police because she had acted in self-defense. Mrs. Andrew gave Dann a pair of her daughter's pants to wear. While she was putting them on, Philip Andrew was able to pick up and pocket the Beretta. He suggested that she call her family. Dann agreed and called her mother, telling her she had done something terrible, and that the police were involved. Philip took the phone and explained Dann's story about the rape and shooting, suggesting that Mrs. Wasserman come to get Dann; Mrs. Wasserman said she could not come because she did not have a car.
Mr. Andrew arrived home, and they continued to argue with Dann, insisting she give up the second gun. Dann called her mother again and this time Mr. Andrew spoke with Mrs. Wasserman, asking her to persuade Dann to give up the gun. While Dann spoke with her mother, Mrs. Andrew left the house and alerted the police. Mr. Andrew told Dann that he would not remain in the house if she did not put down the gun, and also left the house. Dann ordered Philip to stay. Just before noon, seeing the police advancing on the house she shot Philip in the chest, but he managed to escape out the back door before collapsing and being rescued by the police and ambulance personnel.
With the house surrounded, Dann went upstairs to a bedroom. The Wassermans and Russell Dann were brought to the house. At about 7 pm, an assault team entered the house while Mr. Wasserman attempted to get Dann's attention with a bullhorn. The police found her body in the bedroom; she had shot herself in the mouth.
Aftermath
Corwin's murder at a school was among the first to feature prominently in the 24-hour news cycle, mostly revolving around the mental state of Dann. Because no other school shooting had received such wide coverage, Corwin's murder is sometimes called “the first school shooting.” Since his murder, a school shooting was widely reported almost every year. Others noted that his shooting marked an “end of innocence” for the prosperous community along Chicago's North Shore, which had not had a murder in 30 years.
All but one of the victims wounded by Dann recovered from their injuries, including the schoolgirl who was shot and suffered severe internal injuries. The victims, school children, and parents received extensive support to help them cope with the psychological after-effects of the attacks.
Parents and members of the community subsequently devoted many years to gun control policy. Philip Andrew gave interviews about gun control from his hospital bed, and later became active in local and state gun control organizations as the executive director of the Illinois Council Against Handgun Violence; he subsequently became a lawyer and then an FBI agent.
Dr. Donald Monroe, superintendent of Winnetka School District 36 noted “his ‘safe’ school” was “not as isolated and insulated as we thought.” At the time of the shooting, Hubbard Woods, like many schools, was an open campus, with many doors, such as those to individual classrooms, kept open. After the shooting, a pattern of single-point entry emerged in more schools.
The Dann shootings also fueled the debate about criteria for committing mentally ill people to mental health facilities against their will. Some favored the involuntary commitment of a person who is determined to be mentally ill and incapable of making informed decisions about treatment; civil libertarians like Benjamin Wolf (staff counsel for the ACLU of Illinois) opposed the idea saying, "It would be a shame if we cut back on the civil liberties of literally millions of mentally ill people because of the occasional bizarre incident."
A book called Murder of Innocence was written by Eric Zorn about the tragedy, and a made-for-television film of the same name was based on it. In the film, Dann's name is changed to Laurie Wade. She was played by Valerie Bertinelli. Russell Dann helped coach Bertinelli while she was preparing for the role.
Search for a rationale
Some blamed Dann's family for defending and protecting her in spite of the signs of her deteriorating mental health. Investigations were hampered by the Wassermans' refusal to be interviewed by police or to provide access to Dann's psychiatric records—the records were eventually obtained by court order. On the night of Dann's death, the Wassermans allowed only a very brief search of her bedroom, after which they cleaned it and removed potential evidence. The police were criticized for not sealing off Dann's room as part of the crime scene. Parents of the shooting victims subsequently sued the Wasserman family for damages.
Further criticism was directed at Dann's psychiatrists for failing to identify or take action regarding the signs of Dann's decreasing mental stability. At the time of her suicide, Dann was taking an unlicensed drug, clomipramine. The effects of this drug were initially considered as contributing factors to Dann's mental well-being, but ultimately ruled out.
Two newspaper clippings were found among Dann's possessions after her death. One described a man who randomly killed two people in a public building. The other described a depressed young man who had attempted to commit suicide in the same way that Dann did; he survived and discovered that his brain injury had cured him of his obsessive-compulsive disorder.
One theory of Dann's rationale was that she targeted people who had "disappointed" her in some way: her ex-husband, her former sister-in-law (through the firebombing attempts at her children's schools and daycare), her ex-boyfriend and his wife, the family who was moving away, as well as former friends and babysitting clients.
Dann was also briefly investigated as a possible suspect in the Chicago Tylenol murders, but no direct connection was found.
In his book The Myth of Male Power, author Warren Farrell suggested that Laurie Dann's actions were an example of women's violence against men. He claimed, erroneously, that all of Dann's victims were male, that she had burned down a Young Men's Jewish Council, had burned two boys in a basement, had shot her own son and had justified the murder of Nick Corwin by claiming he was a rapist. Men's rights activists, academics, and the media have repeated Farrell's errors and conclusion. Farrell later issued a partial correction on his web site.
Footnotes
See also
List of homicides in Illinois
References
1988 mass shootings in the United States
1988 murders in the United States
Arson in Illinois
Attacks in the United States in 1988
1980s crimes in Illinois
Hostage taking in the United States
Mass shootings in the United States
Murder–suicides in Illinois
Suicides by firearm in Illinois
1988 suicides
1988 deaths
School shootings in the United States
Child murder in the United States |
Pabung Syam is a 2021 Indian Meitei language documentary film directed by Haobam Paban Kumar. It is produced by Films Division of India. The film was selected in the non-feature section of the Indian Panorama at the 52nd International Film Festival of India 2021. It won the Best Biographical Film award at the 68th National Film Awards.
It was also screened at the 17th Mumbai International Film Festival for Documentary, Short Fiction and Animation films (MIFF) 2022. The film was screened at the 8th International Film Festival of Shimla 2022.
Synopsis
The film takes a look at the life and work of Pabung Aribam Syam Sharma through the eyes of one of his admirers and students.
Accolades
References
Meitei-language films
2021 films
Cinema of Manipur
Indian documentary films
Indian biographical films |
Pico do Vento is a mountain in the eastern part of the island of São Vicente. It is situated south of the Ribeira do Calhau valley, 12 km southeast of the island capital Mindelo.
See also
List of mountains in Cape Verde
External links
Pico do Vento on mindelo.info
Vento
Vento |
Autoclave is a posthumous compilation album by the indie math rock band Autoclave.
The CD-only release compiles their two Mira/Dischord EPs (originally released as one 7″ and one 10″), their song from the Simple Machines Records Lever compilation 7″, plus the live favorite Paper Boy – a cover of the theme song from the video game of the same name.
It was released by Dischord Records in 1997, and was later remastered at Silver Sonya Studios and reissued in 2002 by Dischord and Mira Records. A 12" vinyl LP version was released in 2019.
Critical reception
Maximumrocknroll wrote that "Christina’s voice is truly beautiful, the lyrics are so perceptive and thoughtful and her basslines remind me of Wire songs and Nikki’s and Mary’s chopped up guitars over it are a textural dream."
Track listing
Go Far - 3:04
I'll Take You Down - 3:48
It's Not Real Life - 1:56
Dr. Seuss - 2:23
Still Here - 2:59
Hot Spurr - 2:43
Vision - 1:39
Bulls Eye - 2:18
I'll Take You Down (version) - 3:30
Summer - 2:13
Paper Boy - 1:03
Personnel
Christina Billotte - vocals, bass, drums on 11
Mary Timony - guitar, vocals
Nikki Chapman - guitar, vocals on 8
Melissa Berkoff - drums, bass and words on 11
Recorded by Barrett Jones, Geoff Turner, Alec Bourgeois and mixed by Brendan Canty
References
1997 debut albums
Dischord Records albums
Autoclave (band) albums |
Tom Bryant (1882–1946) was a Welsh harpist. He was born in Efail Isaf, nr. Pontypridd, Glamorganshire. He was given lessons on the harp by his uncle, and entered Eisteddfodau competitions from a young age, and often won prizes. He won the first prize at the National Eisteddfod between 1891 and 1896. He travelled extensively throughout south Wales with his friend singer Robert Rees, and with Watkin Hezekiah Williams lecturing on folk-songs.
In 1906 he was awarded the A.R.C.M., and also received King Edward VII's command to play the harp at the opening of a new dock in Cardiff.
His works include variations for the harp on the tunes ‘Merch y Felin’ and ‘Merch Megan’.
He died in 1946, and was buried in the cemetery at Tabernacl, Efail Isaf.
His son Denis became an Australian bishop.
References
20th-century Welsh musicians
Welsh harpists
Historicist composers
20th-century British composers
1882 births
1946 deaths |
Els Prats de Rei is a municipality in the comarca of the Anoia in Catalonia, Spain.
References
External links
Government data pages
Municipalities in Anoia |
The Llaima Volcano is one of the largest and most active volcanoes in Chile. It is situated 82 km East of Temuco and 663 km South of Santiago, within the borders of Conguillío National Park.
Geography
The top of Llaima consists of two summits; the lower of the two, Pichillaima, is about high and is significantly less prominent than the higher northern summit.
The average elevation of the terrain around Llaima is about 740 m asl.
The volcano summit is located 10 km West South West of Conguillío Lake. Its slopes are drained by the rivers Captrén, Quepe and Trufultruful. The former ones are tributaries of Cautín River and the latter is affluent of Allipén River.
Eruptions
Llaima is one of Chile's most active volcanoes and has frequent but moderate eruptions. Llaima's activity has been documented since the 17th century, and consists of several separate episodes of moderate explosive eruptions with occasional lava flows. A 1640 eruption is thought to have contributed to a pause in the Arauco War between the Spanish and Mapuches established at the Parliament of Quillín in 1641. Possibly Mapuches interpreted the eruption as a signal sent from spirits known as pillanes.
An 1874–76 eruption caused various lava flows, landslides, lahars, and the fall of volcanic ash. After this eruption the volcano became known as Llaima or Yaima. Prior to that it had been known as Chañel a Mapuche word in reference to the pointy shape of its summit before the eruption.
The last major eruption occurred in 1994. An eruption on January 1, 2008, forced the evacuation of hundreds of people from nearby villages. A column of smoke approximately 3000 m high was observed. An amateur caught the early eruption phase on video. The volcanic ash expelled by Llaima travelled east over the Andes into Argentina. Ash fall was recorded in the area of Zapala, Neuquén Province, and forced the cancellation of flights to and from Presidente Perón Airport near the city of Neuquén. On July 2, 2008, another eruption resulted in evacuation of 40 people from a 15 km exclusion zone.
An eruption occurred on April 5, 2009, with pyroclastic flows, ash and lava seen on the slopes.
Future eruptions
For the 2010–30 period an eruption of Volcanic Explosivity Index 2 or more is expected based on statistics. As of 2020 such eruption has not happened. Research that models the internal architecture of the volcano indicate that Llaima has reached its maximum height and that any large eruption of lava will likely occur from flank vents and not from the summit.
Recreation
The ski center Las Araucarias lies on the volcano's western slopes. There are also some tours that go throughout the day.
Gallery
See also
List of volcanoes in Chile
List of Ultras of South America
Kütralkura Geopark
References
Araucarias
Bibliography
External links
Llaima Volcano Visual Observation Project
Sulfur Dioxide Plume from Llaima Volcano at the NASA Earth Observatory
"Volcán Llaima, Chile" on Peakbagger
Video of eruption, BBC
Stratovolcanoes of Chile
Active volcanoes
Mountains of Chile
Volcanoes of Araucanía Region
VEI-5 volcanoes
Three-thousanders of the Andes
Holocene stratovolcanoes |
Joseph Nasmith (22 April 1850 – 8 December 1904) was a British consulting textile engineer, editor of the Textile Recorder and author, known for his work on the history and state of the art of the textile industry, particularly cotton spinning and cotton mill construction and engineering.
Biography
Born in Manchester, Nasmith was educated as engineer at the Mechanics' Institutes in Manchester (later to become UMIST), and was apprentice at the machine factory of Henry Wren and John Hopkinson in Manchester.
Nasmith started his career in the industry, working in various parts of the country among others at the Portsmouth Dockyard. Eventually in 1890 he settled in Manchester as consulting engineer, specialized in the textile industry. Over the years he had gained extensive knowledge of the spinning and weaving industry and its origin. He also became editor of the "Textile Recorder," and wrote several articles and books on his speciality. In 1896 was also appointed Examiner in Cotton Spinning at the City and Guilds of London Institute.
Nasmith was member of The Manchester Association of Engineers, and was elected president in the year 1896/97. In 1889 he was appointed Associate of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, in 1894 Associate Members, and in 1897 full Member.
Nasmiths son, Frank Nasmith (1879-2049), took over the consulting business and the editorship and also became known as an eminent Textile Consulting Engineer.
Selected publications
1884. The students' cotton spinning by Joseph Nasmith.
1886. The growth of industries at home and abroad : a paper read before the Manchester Association of Engineers 13th November, 1886 by Joseph Nasmith.
1888. Ring Spinning Machinery.
1890. Modern cotton spinning machinery, its principles and construction by Joseph Nasmith.
1894. Recent cotton mill construction and engineering by Joseph Nasmith.
References
External links
Joseph Nasmith (1850-1904) 1905 Obituary
1850 births
1904 deaths
English non-fiction writers
English mechanical engineers
Engineers from Manchester
English male non-fiction writers |
Tomasz Dietl (born 1 October 1950) is a Polish physicist, a professor and a head of Laboratory for Cryogenic and Spintronic Research at the Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences and professor of The Institute of Theoretical Physics at University of Warsaw. His research interest includes semiconductors, spintronics and nanotechnology. With over 20,000 citations he is considered one of the leading Polish physicists.
Career
He graduated from the University of Warsaw at the age of 23 (master's degree) and subsequently obtained his PhD from the Polish Academy of Sciences in 1977. He obtained a habilitation in 1983 and the title of professor in 1990. Since then he has been working in the Institute of Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences. In 2009, he became a member of the Polish Academy of Learning (PAU) as well as the Warsaw Scientific Society (WTN). He worked as a visiting professor at the Johannes Kepler University Linz (1991–92, 1996–98), Joseph Fourier University (1993-2000) and Tohoku University.
In 2006, he received Poland's top science award, Prize of the Foundation for Polish Science, "for developing the theory, confirmed in recent years, of diluted ferromagnetic semiconductors, and for demonstrating new methods in controlling magnetization."
Personal life
He is the son of economist Jerzy Dietl. He is married and has two children.
Honours and awards
Gold Cross of Merit (1990)
Maria Skłdowska-Curie Award of the Polish Academy of Sciences (1997)
Alexander von Humboldt Research Award (2003)
Fellow of the Institute of Physics, UK (2004)
Europhysics Prize (with Hideo Ohno and David Awschalom), European Physical Society (2005)
Prize of the Foundation for Polish Science (2006)
Marian Smoluchowski Medal of the Polish Physical Society (2010)
Member of Academia Europaea (2011)
Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta, (2013)
Fellow of the American Physical Society (2015)
Most influential publications
Dietl T., Ohno H., Matsukura F., Cibert J., Ferrand D., Zener Model Description of Ferromagnetism in Zinc-Blende Magnetic Semiconductors, Science (2000)
See also
Science in Poland
References
External links
Some information about Dietl - Foundation for Polish Science webpage
Professor Dietl's homepage
1950 births
Living people
20th-century Polish physicists
Members of the Polish Academy of Sciences
21st-century Polish physicists
Fellows of the American Physical Society |
Distortion synthesis is a group of sound synthesis techniques which modify existing sounds to produce more complex sounds (or timbres), usually by using non-linear circuits or mathematics.
While some synthesis methods achieve sonic complexity by using many oscillators, distortion methods create a frequency spectrum which has many more components than oscillators.
Some distortion techniques are: FM synthesis, waveshaping synthesis, and discrete summation formulas.
FM synthesis
Frequency modulation synthesis distorts the carrier frequency of an oscillator by modulating it with another signal. The distortion can be controlled by means of a modulation index.
The method known as phase distortion synthesis is similar to FM.
Waveshaping synthesis
Waveshaping synthesis changes an original waveform by responding to its amplitude in a non-linear fashion. It can generate a bandwidth-limited spectrum, and can be continuously controlled with an index.
The clipping caused by overdriving an audio amplifier is a simple example of this method, changing a sine wave into a square-like wave. (Note that direct digital implementations suffer from aliasing of the clipped signal's infinite number of harmonics, however.)
Discrete summation formulas
DSF synthesis refers to algorithmic synthesis methods which use mathematical formulas to sum, or add together, many numbers to achieve a desired wave shape. This powerful method allows, for example, synthesizing a 3-formant voice in a manner similar to FM voice synthesis. DSF allows the synthesis of harmonic and inharmonic, band-limited or unlimited spectra, and can be controlled by an index. As Roads points out, by reducing digital synthesis of complex spectra to a few parameters, DSF can be much more economical.
Notable users
Jean-Claude Risset was one notable pioneer in the adoption of distortion methods.
References
External links
Sound synthesis types |
Thomas Belsham (26 April 175011 November 1829) was an English Unitarian minister.
Life
Belsham was born in Bedford, England, and was the elder brother of William Belsham, the English political writer and historian. He was educated at the dissenting academy at Daventry, where for seven years he acted as assistant tutor. After three years spent in a charge at Worcester, he returned as head of Daventry Academy, a post which he continued to hold till 1789, when, having adopted Unitarian principles, he resigned. With Joseph Priestley for colleague, he superintended during its brief existence the New College at Hackney, and was, on Priestley's departure in 1794, also called to the charge of the Gravel Pit congregation. In 1805, he accepted a call to the Essex Street Chapel, which was also headquarters and offices of the Unitarian Church under John Disney, there succeeding as minister Theophilus Lindsey who had retired and died three years later in 1808.
Belsham remained at Essex Street, in gradually failing health, until his death in Hampstead, on 11 November 1829. He was buried in Bunhill Fields burial ground, in the same tomb as Theophilus Lindsey. His joint executors were Thomas Field Gibson and his father.
Beliefs
Belsham's beliefs reflect that transition that the Unitarian movement was going through during his lifetime, particularly from the early Bible-fundamentalist views of earlier English Unitarians like Henry Hedworth (who introduced the word "Unitarian" into print in English from Dutch sources in 1673) and John Biddle, to the more Bible-critical positions of Priestley's generation. Belsham adopted critical ideas on the Pentateuch by 1807, the Gospels by 1819, and Genesis by 1821. Later, following Priestley, Belsham was to dismiss the virgin birth as "no more entitled to credit, than the fables of the Koran, or the reveries of Swedenborg." (1806)
Works
Belsham's first work of importance, Review of Mr Wilberforces Treatise entitled Practical View (1798), was written after his conversion to Unitarianism. His most popular work was the Evidences of Christianity; the most important was his translation and exposition of the Epistles of St Paul (1822). He was also the author of a work on philosophy, Elements of the Philosophy of the Human Mind (1801), which is entirely based on Hartley's psychology.
In 1812 Belsham published the Memoirs of the Late Reverend Theophilus Lindsey, M.A., his predecessor at Essex Street. This included a chapter titled "American Unitarianism" arguing that many American clergy entertained Unitarian views. The Calvinist minister Jedidiah Morse published the chapter separately, as part of his campaign against New England's liberal ministers—contributing to "the Unitarian Controversy" (1815) that eventually produced permanent schism among New England's Congregationalist churches.
His main Christological work was A Calm Inquiry into the Scripture Doctrine concerning the Person of Christ (1817).
Belsham was one of the most vigorous and able writers of his church, and the Quarterly Review and Gentlemans Magazine of the early years of the 19th century abound in evidences that his abilities were recognized by his opponents.
[Thomas Belsham et al.,] The New Testament, An improved version upon the basis of Archbishop Newcome's new translation with a corrected text and notes critical and explanatory. London: Richard Taylor & Co., 1808. Boston 1809.
Notes
References
Attribution
1750 births
1829 deaths
English Unitarian ministers
Dissenting academy tutors
Burials at Bunhill Fields |
The Frontier Corps Balochistan (North) (, reporting name: FCB(N)), is a group of paramilitary regiments of Pakistan, operating in the northern part of the province of Balochistan, to overseeing the country's borders with Afghanistan and assisting with maintaining law and order. It is one of four Frontier Corps with the others being: FC Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (North) and FC Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (South) stationed in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, and FC Balochistan (South) stationed in the southern part of Balochistan province.
The Corps is headed by a seconded inspector general, who is a Pakistan Army officer of at least major-general rank, although the force itself is officially under the jurisdiction of the Interior Ministry.
The Corps consists of several infantry regiments, themselves composed of one or more battalion-sized wings. Some of the regiments were raised during the colonial era. These include the Chitral Scouts, the Khyber Rifles, the Kurram Militia, the Tochi Scouts, the South Waziristan Scouts, and the Zhob Militia.
History
The Frontier Corps was created in 1907 by Lord Curzon, the viceroy of British India, in order to organize seven militia and scout units in the tribal areas along the border with Afghanistan: the Khyber Rifles, the Zhob Militia, the Kurram Militia, the Tochi Scouts, the Chagai Militia, the South Waziristan Scouts and the Chitral Scouts.
The Frontier Corps was led by an "inspecting officer" who was a British officer of the rank of lieutenant colonel. In 1943 the inspecting officer was upgraded to an inspector general (an officer with the rank of brigadier), and the corps was expanded with the addition of new units—the Second Mahsud Scouts (raised in 1944) and the Pishin Scouts (in 1946).
After Pakistan and India became independent in 1947, Pakistan expanded the corps further by creating a number of new units, including the Thal Scouts, the Northern Scouts, the Bajaur Scouts, the Karakoram Scouts, the Kalat Scouts, the Dir Scouts and the Kohistan Scouts. British officers continued to serve in the Frontier Corps up to the early 1950s. The corps was split into two major subdivisions with FC Balochistan incorporating the Zhob Militia, the Sibi Scouts, the Kalat Scouts, the Makran Militia, the Kharan Rifles, the Pishin Scouts, the Chaghai Militia and the First Mahsud Scouts.
In the mid-1970s, the Pakistani government used FC Balochistan to counter the terrorists in Balochistan, and the force is unpopular among some of the local population who associate them with human rights violations and heavy-handed operations. To improve the image of the corps, it has been involved in the construction of schools and hospitals, although as of late 2004, corps installations in the province were being routinely attacked by terrorists.
In 2007, after the collapse of truce agreements between the Pakistani government and local militants, the Frontier Corps, teamed with regular Pakistani military units, conducted incursions into tribal areas controlled by the militants. The effort produced a series of bloody and clumsy confrontations. On August 30, about 250 Pakistani troops, mostly from the Frontier Corps, surrendered to militants without a fight. In early November, most were released in exchange for 25 militants held by the Pakistan Army.
There is a widespread consensus among United States government military and intelligence experts that the Frontier Corps are the best potential military units against the Islamist militants because its troops are locally recruited, know local languages and understand local cultures. The United States provided more than US$7 billion in military aid to Pakistan from 2002 to 2007, most of which was used to equip the Frontier Corps because it is in the front line of the fight against the Islamist insurgents. From late 2007, the Pakistani government intended to expand the corps to 100,000 and use it more in fighting Islamist militants, particularly Al-Qaeda, after extensive consultations with the U.S. government, with a multi-year plan to bolster the effort, including the establishment of a counterinsurgency training centre. The US Obama policy for Pakistan was seen as a clear victory for the Pakistan Army lobby in the US. The $1.5 billion a year unrestricted aid recently announced will go a long way in seeing that the Frontier Corps stay at the height of their professional abilities due to new equipment and training.
The Corps has also fired occasionally on the U.S.-assisted Afghan Army.
Role
Border security duties.
Assist Army/FCNA in the defense of the country as and when required.
Protect important communication centers and routes.
Undertake counter militancy/criminal/terrorism operations on orders.
Assist law enforcement agencies in maintenance of law and order.
Safeguard important sites and assets
During times of difficulties, the government occasionally gives the FC the power to arrest and detain suspects such as in late 2012 and early 2013 when the Prime Minister of Pakistan granted the FC policing powers. These temporary powers can also be extended on the orders or consent of the provincial government or federal government or both.
Organisation
The senior command posts are filled by officers seconded from the Pakistan Army for two to three years. The Corps is divided into ten infantry regiments, most of which are composed of a number of battalion-sized "wings", together with a number of training and support units.
Frontier Corps Hospital, Quetta
Frontier Corps Training Centre, Loralai, Balochistan
Frontier Corps Battle School, Baleli
Bambore Rifles (1977)
Chaman Scouts (1946)
Chiltan Rifles (2016)
Ghazaband Scouts (1977)
Loralai Scouts (1977)
Maiwand Rifles (1944)
Qilla Saifullah Scouts
Sibi Scouts (1971)
Sui Rifles (2011)
Zhob Militia (1883)
Interior Ministry support
50 Aviation Squadron
Personnel
In January 2022 during press briefing Pakistan military spokesperson General Babar Iftikhar says, As a part of Pakistan's Western border management, 67 new wings has been established for the FC Balochistan and FC Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to strengthen border security and formation of the six more wings is in process.
Equipment
Basic Equipment
GIDS Ballistic Helmet
Bullet Proof vests
GIDS Knee pads
Small Arms
VSK-100: The VSK 100 is essentially a Belarusian version of the AKM.
QBZ-95: Used by the Special Operations Group (SOG) anti-terrorist unit
H&K G3: POF Made G3 Battle Rifles
AK-47: Multiple Variants in service
MG3: POF Made MG1A3 variant in service
PK-16: POF made Dshk heavy machine gun
Type-85: Chinese 12.7mm HMG
RPG-7: Rocket Propelled Grenade
Type-79: Chinese variant of the Dragonuv Sniper rifle
Mortars and Artillery
MO-120RT: 120mm Mortar
LLR-81 Mortar: 81mm Mortar
Vehicles
Toyota Land Cruiser Prado: VIP transport
Toyota Hilux: Main Utility and troop/officer transport vehicle
Land Rover Defender: Utility Vehicle
Mitsubishi L-200: Utility Vehicle
Hino Ranger: Troop/Supply transport
Armoured Vehicles
The Frontier Corps operates various HIT made armoured vehicles.
Mohafiz: Unknown numbers in service.
Type-59 Tank: Type-59II variant in service. Handed over to Frontier Corps by Pakistan Army
Type-69 Tank: Type-69IIMP Variant in service. Also handed over by Pakistan army.
T-55M: Modernized T-55 MBT. Number of Ex-Serbian units procured in 2020.
Aircraft
The Corps has access to the aviation resources of the Pakistan Army.
Inspectors general
The Corps was divided into FC NWFP and FC Balochistan in 1974. The inspectors general listed below are from 1974 to 2017. For previous inspectors general, see the Frontier Corps article.
Maj. Gen. Rehmat Ali Shah (Mar. 1974 to Dec. 1976)
Brig. Shakur Jan, SJ (Fen 1977 to Jul 1978)
Maj. Gen. Alam Jan Mehsud (Jul 1978 to Jun 1980)
Maj. Gen. Khurshid Ali (Jun 1980 to Feb 1984)
Maj. Gen. M. Akram (Feb 1984 to Nov 1984)
Maj. Gen. Shafiq Ahmed, SJ (Nov 1984 to Apr 1985)
Maj. Gen. Sardar M. Khalid (May 1985 to Oct 1990)
Maj. Gen. Chaudhry M. Nawaz (Nov 1990 to Oct 1991)
Maj. Gen. Syed Zafar Mehdi (Oct 1991 to Nov 1993)
Maj. Gen. M. Zia-ul-Haq (Nov 1993 to Oct 1997)
Maj. Gen. Rafiullah Khan Niazi (Oct 1997 to Oct 1999)
Maj. Gen. M. Ziaullah Khan (Nov 1999 to Oct 2001)
Maj. Gen. Syed Sadaqat Ali Shah (Oct 2001 to Oct 2004)
Maj. Gen. Shujaat Zamir Dar (Oct 2004 to Feb 2007)
Brig. Khalid Mukhtar Farani ( A/ IGFC 2006 due to Injury of IG & DIG )
Maj. Gen. Salim Nawaz (Mar 2007 to Oct 2010)
Maj. Gen. Ubaid Ullah Khan Khattak (Oct 2010 to Aug 2013)
Maj. Gen. Ejaz Shahid (Aug 2013 to Feb 2015)
Maj. Gen. Sher Afghun (Feb 2015 to Dec 2016)
Maj. Gen. Nadeem Ahmed Anjum (Dec 2016- Dec 2018)
In 2017 FC Balochistan was split into FC Balochistan (North) and FC Balochistan (South).
Maj. Gen. Fayyaz Hussain Shah (Dec 2018–Jan 2021)
Maj. Gen. Yousaf Majoka (Jan 2021–Aug 2022)
Maj. Gen. Chaudhry Amir Ajmal (Aug 2022–present)
Frontier Corps schools and colleges
Most of the FC educational institutes are affiliated with Federal board rather than provincial boards in Balochistan. Currently FC funding/governing three schools and a college in Balochistan.
Major Pervaiz Shaheed FC School and College, Beleli, Quetta. (Ghazaband scouts)
FC school, Loralai.
See also
Law enforcement in Pakistan
Civil Armed Forces
Insurgency in Balochistan
References
External links
Frontier Corps Balochistan
B
Civil Armed Forces
Military in Balochistan, Pakistan |
is a Japanese castle located in Takasaki, southern Gunma Prefecture, Japan. At the end of the Edo period, Tatebayashi Castle was home to a branch of the Matsudaira clan, daimyō of Takasaki Domain, but the castle was ruled by a large number of different clans over its history. The castle was also known as .
History
During the late Heian period, the area around Takasaki was controlled by the Wada clan, and Wada Yoshinobu built a fortified manor on the banks of the Karasu River. During the Muromachi period, the Wada came under the service of the Uesugi clan, who held the post of Kantō kanrei; however in 1561, Wada Narishige, incensed over the appointment of Uesugi Kenshin to the post, defected to the Takeda clan. His son, Wada Nobunari, in turn came into the service of the Odawara Hōjō clan. During the Battle of Odawara in 1590, Toyotomi Hideyoshi dispatched an army led by Uesugi Kagekatsu and Maeda Toshiie and destroyed Wada Castle.
After Tokugawa Ieyasu took control over the Kantō region in 1590, he assigned Ii Naomasa , one of his most trusted Four Generals to nearby Minowa Castle. However, in 1597, Ieyasu ordered Ii Naomasa to construct a new on the site of the ruins of Wada Castle, as the location controlled a strategic junction connecting the Nakasendō with the Mikuni Kaidō highways. Ii Naomasu relocated to the site in 1598, renaming it Takasaki, and bringing with him the population of Minowa to form the nucleus of a new castle town. Following the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, the Ii clan was relocated to Omi Province, and Takasaki Castle passed to a succession of fudai daimyō clans, notably the Sakai, Andō and several branches of the Matsudaira clan. The Ōkōchi Matsudaira took up residence in 1695, and except for a brief hiatus from 1710-1717, remained in control of the castle until the end of the Edo period.
In 1619, Andō Shigenobu began an ambitious reconstruction project, which lasted for 77 years over the following three generations, which included a three-story donjon in the center and two-story yagura at each of the cardinal directions. Shōgun Tokugawa Iemitsu exiled his younger brother Tokugawa Tadanaga to Takasaki Castle in 1633, and ordered him to commit seppuku here in December of the same year.
In 1873, following the Meiji restoration, most of the castle structures were destroyed or sold off, and the moats filled in. Prior the end of World War II, most of the former castle grounds were occupied by the Takasaki-based Imperial Japanese Army's 15th Infantry Regiment.
The Takasaki city hall and city library are located on what was once part of the castle grounds. Of the surviving structures, one of the castle's yagura was in private hands until 1974, when it was purchased by Takasaki city and relocated to one of the yagura foundation bases in the Third Bailey. One of the surviving gates from the castle was under the same private ownership, and was likewise purchased and relocated back to the castle grounds in 1980. The shōin where Tokugawa Tadanaga committed suicide is now located on the grounds of a nearby Buddhist temple, Chōshō-ji, where it serves as the priest's residence.
Literature
External links
-Takasaki-Castle Jcastle Profile
Japanese Castle Explorer
Castles in Gunma Prefecture
Takasaki, Gunma
Gunma Prefecture designated tangible cultural property |
The following list of Connecticut companies includes notable companies that are, or once were, headquartered in Connecticut.
Companies based in Connecticut
A
Aetna
Affinion Group
Aircastle
Amphenol
ATMI
AQR Capital
B
Barden Corporation
Bevin Brothers Manufacturing Company
Bigelow Tea Company
BlueTriton Brands
Bob's Discount Furniture
Boehringer Ingelheim USA
Branson Ultrasonics
Breitling USA
Bridgewater Associates
Bristol Technology
C
Cadenza Innovation
Cannondale Bicycle Corporation
Cartus
Charter Arms
Charter Communications
Cigna
Colt Defense
Colt's Manufacturing Company
Conair Corporation
Crane Co.
D
Datto
Diageo
Digital Currency Group
Dooney & Bourke
Duracell
E
Emcor
ESL Investments
ESPN
Ethan Allen
Eversource Energy
F
FactSet
Fairfield County Bank
Farrel Corporation
Fire-Lite Alarms
First County Bank
Foxwoods Resort Casino
Frontier Communications
Frontier Communications of Connecticut
FuelCell Energy
G
Gartner
General Dynamics Electric Boat
GE Capital
Gerber Scientific
Gramercy Funds Management
Guideposts
H
H/2 Capital Partners
The Hartford
Hartford Courant
Henkel North American Consumer Goods
High Precision
Hitachi Capital America Corp.
Hosmer Mountain Soda
I
IMS Health
Interactive Brokers
IQVIA
ITT Inc.
J
J.H. Whitney & Company
K
Kayak.com
Knights of Columbus
L
Lego USA
Lone Pine Capital
LoveSac
Liberty Bank
M
Media Storm
Metropolitan District of Connecticut
N
Nestlé Waters North America
New Britain Dry Cleaning Corporation
Newman's Own
Newtown Savings Bank
North Sails
North Street Capital, LP
O
Otis Elevator Company
P
People's United Financial
Pepperidge Farm
Philip Morris International
Photronics Inc
Pirate Capital
Pitney Bowes
Playtex
Point72 Asset Management
Pratt & Whitney
Praxair
Priceline.com
Primacy
Purdue Pharma
R
Reliant Air
Rhone Apparel
S
S.A.C. Capital Advisors
Saffron Road
Savings Bank of Danbury
Sikorsky Aircraft
Sikorsky Credit Union
Silver Point Capital
SNET America
Spectrum (TV service)
Sperry Rail Service
Stanley Black & Decker
Stew Leonard's
Sturm, Ruger & Co.
Subway
Synchrony Financial
T
Taunton Press
Ted's Restaurant
Terex
Tetley USA Inc.
Timex Group USA
Tower Optical
Trufresh
U
UBS
Union Savings Bank
United Rentals
United States Rubber Company
United Technologies
Urstadt Biddle Properties
V
Ventus (wireless company)
Vertrue
Victorinox North America
Viking Global Investors
Vineyard Vines
Virtus Investment Partners
W
W. R. Berkley Corporation
Webster Bank
Western Connecticut Health Network
WorldQuant
WWE
X
Xerox
XPO Logistics
Companies formerly based in Connecticut
0-9
454 Life Sciences
A
A. C. Gilbert Company
Ansonia Clock Company
Applera
Arrowhead Water
B
Bear Naked, Inc.
Blue Sky Studios
Bon Ami
Borden
Bridgeport Machines, Inc.
Brooks Brothers
C
Caldor
Carrier Corporation
Cervalis
Chemtura
Clairol
Coleco
Connecticut Company
Crabtree & Evelyn
D
The Daily Voice
E
Edible Arrangements
F
Fairfield Greenwich Group
Frisbie Pie Company
FrontPoint Partners
G
G. Fox & Co.
General Electric
H
Hamilton Sundstrand
Harney & Sons
Hartford Whalers
I
International Paper
Ives Manufacturing Company
J
JWM Partners
L
Long-Term Capital Management
M
Marlin Firearms
Meriden Firearms Co.
MicroWarehouse
N
New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad
NewAlliance Bank
P
PerkinElmer
Peter Paul Candy Manufacturing Company
Pequot Capital Management
Plainfield Asset Management
Pope Manufacturing Company
Praxair
Price Rite
R
Remington Arms
Russell Trust Association
S
Schick
Sharps Rifle Manufacturing Company
Southern Air
Swisher International Group
T
Time Warner Cable
Tobin Arms
Towers Perrin
The Travelers Companies
U
U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Company
United Natural Foods
UPS
W
Weekly Reader
Winchester Repeating Arms Company
References
Connecticut |
is a Japanese author, punk rock singer, poet, and actor.
History
Machida formed a punk rock band called Inu (meaning "dog" in Japanese) in 1978, for which he used the stage name Machida Machizō (). Inu released their first album, Meshi Kuuna! (literally "Don't eat!") in 1981. The band split shortly after the album release. He went on to form a number of bands and released several albums. His albums earned reasonable critical acclaims but the commercial success was limited.
His first literary work, Kūge, was published in 1992, and included a selection of his poems. His first novel, Gussun Daikoku, was published in 1996. It earned him the Bunkamura Deux Magots Literary Award. His unique style of story-telling marked by non-sense, irreverence, and slapstick is influenced by Kamigata (Kansai) Rakugo and Jidaigeki (samurai dramas). Some critics link him to self-destructive I Novel writers before the World War II such as Kamura Isota and Chikamatsu Shūkō. Oda Sakunosuke is also cited as one of his influences.
He won the 123rd Akutagawa Prize with Kiregire ("Shreds") in 2000 and the Tanizaki Prize with Kokuhaku ("Confession") in 2005.
On June 14, 2007, Machida got into an argument with his friend and rock musician Tomoyasu Hotei about a band they planned on forming together. There was a physical altercation and after learning that his injuries would take two weeks to heal, Machida filed a police report on June 18. Hotei was ordered to pay a fine of 300,000 yen on October 1.
Discography
Albums
Meshi Kuuna! by Inu (1981)
Ushiwakamaru Nametottara Dotsuitaru Zo by Inu (Published in 1984, recorded in 1979)
Doterai Yatsura by Machida Machizo from Shifuku Dan (1986)
Hona, Donaisee Iune by Machida Machizo (1987)
Harafuri by Machida Machizo + Kitazawa Gumi (1992)
Chūshajō no Yohane by Machida Machizo + Kitazawa Gumi (1994)
Dōnikanaru by Machida Ko + The Glory (1995)
Nōnai Shuffle Kakumei by Machida Ko (1997)
Miracle Young by Miracle Young (2003)
Machida Kō Group Live 2004 Oct 6th by Machida Ko Group (2004)
Singles
Kokoro no Unitto by Machi Tai (2002)
Selected filmography
He played major roles in the following films.
Burst City directed by Gakuryū Ishii (1982)
Endless Waltz directed by Kōji Wakamatsu (1995)
H Story directed by Nobuhiro Suwa (2001)
Goldfish directed by Shin'ichi Fujinuma (2023)
Selected literary works
Kūge () - His debut poem selection 1992
Kussun Daikoku () - Bunkamura Deux Magots Literary Award 1996
Ore, Nanshin Shite () 1999 co-authored with Nobuyoshi Araki
Shreds () - Akutagawa Prize 2000
Gonge no Odoriko () - Kawabata Yasunari Literary Award 2003
Confession () - Tanizaki Prize 2005
References
External links
Official Machida Kou WebSite
Ko Machida at J'Lit Books from Japan
Synopsis of Punk Samurai and the Cult (Panku Samurai Kiraretesoro) at JLPP (Japanese Literature Publishing Project)
1962 births
Living people
Japanese punk rock musicians
Japanese male actors
Akutagawa Prize winners
Singers from Sakai, Osaka
Male actors from Osaka Prefecture
20th-century Japanese singers
20th-century Japanese male singers
Japanese male short story writers
21st-century Japanese short story writers
21st-century male writers |
Salvador "Sal" Sánchez Narváez (January 26, 1959 – August 12, 1982) was a Mexican professional boxer born in the town of Santiago Tianguistenco, Estado de México. Sanchez was the WBC and [[The Ring (magazine)|The Ring]] featherweight champion from 1980 to 1982. Many of his contemporaries as well as boxing writers believe that had it not been for his premature death, Sánchez could have gone on to become the greatest featherweight boxer of all time. Sánchez died on August 12, 1982, in a car accident from Querétaro to San Luis Potosí. He is also the uncle of Salvador Sánchez II.
In 1991, Sánchez was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame. The Ring magazine named both him, and Sugar Ray Leonard, as Fighter of the Year in 1981. In 2002, he was named the 24th greatest fighter of the past 80 years by The Ring magazine. In 2003, The Ring rated Sánchez number 88 on the list of 100 greatest punchers of all time. Sánchez was voted as the #3 featherweight of the 20th century by the Associated Press.
Early life
Sánchez was born to father Felipe Sánchez and to mother María Luisa Narváez.
Professional career
Sánchez started his professional career at the age of 16, as a teenager (after a brief amateur career consisting of reportedly 4 amateur bouts) he started piling up wins against tough Mexican opposition. His first fight of note came in his 19th professional fight against the Mexican bantamweight champion Antonio Becerra. Becerra proved too experienced for the young Sánchez, the bout ended in a split decision defeat for Sánchez.
Sánchez kept on fighting and moved to the Featherweight division. Soon he had beaten people like the Puerto Rican featherweight champion Felix Trinidad Sr., on his way to securing a title shot at world champion Danny "Little Red" Lopez, a popular TV fighter of the late 1970s who was an impressive fighter and had won some spectacular fights against the likes of former world champion David Kotei (twice), Juan Malvares and Mike Ayala. Confident and hard to beat, Lopez was beaten by the 21-year-old Sánchez, who knocked out the defending champion in 13 rounds in Phoenix, Arizona, United States on February 2, 1980. Sánchez defended his title for the first time with a 15-round unanimous decision against Ruben Castillo (47–1). Thinking it was just a case of 'beginner's luck' (as it was Sánchez's first world title fight ever), Lopez looked for a rematch and this he got, in Las Vegas. This time Sánchez defeated Lopez by 14th-round TKO. In his next fight, he defeated Patrick Ford (15–0) .
On December 13, 1980, Sánchez defeated future champion Juan Laporte by unanimous decision. Sánchez then defended his title against Roberto Castanon (43–1–0) and scored a win over Nicky Perez (50–3–0). Then undefeated World Jr Featherweight champion Wilfredo Gómez (32–0–1) went up in weight and challenged Sánchez. Sánchez retained the crown by a knockout in round eight on August 21, 1981, in Las Vegas, and Gómez had to return to the Jr. Featherweight division.
With that victory, Salvador was an unknown to the casual boxing fan no more. He became a household name all over the United States that night.
In his next fight, he defeated Olympic medalist Pat Cowdell by split decision. His defense vs unheralded Jorge "Rocky" Garcia was the second fight featuring two featherweights ever to be televised by HBO, the first having been his contest with Cowdell. He beat Garcia punch after punch, but the challenger gave honor to his nickname, an unknown fighter who lasts the distance with the world champion.
On July 21, 1982, Sánchez faced future champion Azumah Nelson at Madison Square Garden. Nelson, a late substitute for mandatory challenger Mario Miranda, was unknown at the time however, and was expected to only go a few rounds with the champ. It was an intense battle, with Sánchez managing to drop his young charge in the 7th round. After that they engaged in violent exchange after violent exchange. In the 15th, Sánchez broke out finally, connecting with a serious combination that dropped the challenger almost outside the ring. Referee Tony Perez had to stop the fight seconds later. Azumah Nelson went on to have a glittering career and was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2004.
Sánchez proved a dominant featherweight champion. He held title defense victories over the next three fighters (LaPorte, Gomez, and Nelson) who won the WBC title after his death. He went 4–0, all by knockout, against fellow members of the International Boxing Hall of Fame (Danny Lopez twice-KO 13, KO 14-Wilfredo Gomez-KO 8-and Azumah Nelson-KO 15) and defeated four future or former world champions (Lopez, Gomez, LaPorte and Nelson).
Death
Three weeks after his victory over Nelson, as he was training for a rematch with Laporte set for September, Sanchez crashed on the early morning of August 12, 1982, while driving his Porsche 928 sports car along the federal highway from Querétaro to San Luis Potosí, dying instantly. At the time of his death, there were talks about a bout with Colombian Mario Miranda, a rematch with Gómez or a challenge of world lightweight champion Alexis Argüello. The latter was already off the table. There had been negotiations between the Sánchez and Argüello camps but they broke off when Argüello chose to campaign as a junior welterweight.
Salvador Sánchez finished his career 44-1-1.
Sánchez was posthumously inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1991.
Acting
Sánchez appeared as himself, albeit as a Junior Lightweight world champion, in the 1983 film The Last Fight, released after his death. The movie was dedicated to him. In it, Sánchez shared scenes with Rubén Blades, who played a challenger to Sánchez's title.
Personal life
Sánchez had a wife, Maria Teresa, and two sons, Cristian Salvador and Omar. He also had a nephew, Salvador Sánchez II, who was a professional boxer.
Professional boxing record
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center
|-
!No
!Result
!Record
!Opponent
!Type
!Round, time
!Date
!Location
!Notes
|-align=center
|46
|Win
| 44–1–1
|align=left| Azumah Nelson
|TKO
|15 (15),
|Jul 21, 1982
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|45
|Win
| 43–1–1
|align=left| Jorge Garcia
|UD
|15
|May 8, 1982
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|44
|Win
| 42–1–1
|align=left| Pat Cowdell
|SD
|15
|Dec 12, 1981
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|43
|Win
| 41–1–1
|align=left| Wilfredo Gómez
|TKO
|8 (15),
|Aug 21, 1981
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|42
|Win
| 40–1–1
|align=left| Nicky Perez
|UD
|10
|Jul 11, 1981
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|41
|Win
| 39–1–1
|align=left| Roberto Castañón
|TKO
|10 (15),
|Mar 22, 1981
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|40
|Win
| 38–1–1
|align=left| Juan Laporte
|UD
|15
|Dec 13, 1980
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|39
|Win
|37–1–1
|align=left| Patrick Ford
|MD
|15
|Sep 13, 1980
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|38
|Win
| 36–1–1
|align=left| Danny Lopez
|TKO
|14 (15),
|Jun 21, 1980
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|37
|Win
| 35–1–1
|align=left| Ruben Castillo
|UD
|15
|Apr 12, 1980
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|36
|Win
| 34–1–1
|align=left| Danny Lopez
|TKO
|13 (15),
|Feb 2, 1980
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|35
|Win
| 33–1–1
|align=left| Rafael Gandarilla
|TKO
|5 (10)
|Dec 15, 1979
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|34
|Win
| 32–1–1
|align=left| Richard Rozelle
|KO
|3 (10),
|Sep 15, 1979
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|33
|Win
| 31–1–1
|align=left| Félix Trinidad Sr.
|TKO
|5 (10)
|Aug 7, 1979
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|32
|Win
| 30–1–1
|align=left| Rosalio Muro
|KO
|3 (10)
|Jul 22, 1979
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|31
|Win
| 29–1–1
|align=left| Fel Clemente
|UD
|12
|Jun 17, 1979
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|30
|Win
| 28–1–1
|align=left| Salvador Torres
|TKO
|7 (10)
|May 19, 1979
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|29
|Win
| 27–1–1
|align=left| James Martinez
|UD
|10
|Mar 13, 1979
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|28
|Win
| 26–1–1
|align=left| Carlos Mimila
|KO
|3 (10)
|Feb 3, 1979
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|27
|Win
| 25–1–1
|align=left| José Santana
|TKO
|2 (10)
|Dec 16, 1978
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|26
|Win
| 24–1–1
|align=left| Edwin Alarcon
|TKO
|9 (10)
|Nov 21, 1978
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|25
|Win
| 23–1–1
|align=left| Francisco Ponce
|KO
|2 (10)
|Sep 26, 1978
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|24
|Win
| 22–1–1
|align=left| Hector Cortez
|TKO
|7 (10)
|Aug 13, 1978
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|23
|Win
| 21–1–1
|align=left| José Sánchez
|UD
|10
|Jul 1, 1978
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|22
|Draw
| 20–1–1
|align=left| Juan Escobar
|MD
|10
|Mar 15, 1978
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|21
|Win
| 20–1
|align=left| Eliseo Cosme
|PTS
|10
|Dec 5, 1977
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|20
|Win
| 19–1
|align=left| José Luis Soto
|PTS
|10
|Nov 11, 1977
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|19
|Loss
| 18–1
|align=left| Antonio Becerra
|SD
|12
|Sep 9, 1977
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|18
|Win
| 18–0
|align=left| Rosalio Badillo
|TKO
|5 (10)
|May 21, 1977
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|17
|Win
| 17–0
|align=left| Daniel Felizardo
|KO
|5 (10)
|Mar 12, 1977
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|16
|Win
| 16–0
|align=left| Raúl López
|TKO
|10 (10)
|Feb 5, 1977
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|15
|Win
| 15–0
|align=left| Antonio Leon
|TKO
|10 (10)
|Dec 25, 1976
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|14
|Win
| 14–0
|align=left| Saul Montana
|TKO
|9 (10)
|Oct 31, 1976
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|13
|Win
| 13–0
|align=left| Joel Valdez
|TKO
|9 (10)
|Aug 11, 1976
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|12
|Win
| 12–0
|align=left| Pedro Sandoval
|TKO
|9 (10)
|Jul 5, 1976
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|11
|Win
| 11–0
|align=left| Fidel Trejo
|KO
|6 (10)
|May 26, 1976
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|10
|Win
| 10–0
|align=left| Jose Chavez
|TKO
|7 (10)
|Apr 24, 1976
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|9
|Win
| 9–0
|align=left| Serafin Isidro Pacheco
|TKO
|4 (8)
|Mar 31, 1976
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|8
|Win
| 8–0
|align=left| Javier Solis
|TKO
|7 (8)
|Feb 25, 1976
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|7
|Win
| 7–0
|align=left| Juan Granados
|TKO
|3 (8)
|Jan 24, 1976
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|6
|Win
| 6–0
|align=left| Fidel Trejo
|UD
|8
|Dec 11, 1975
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|5
|Win
| 5–0
|align=left| Candido Sandoval
|TKO
|7 (8)
|Nov 25, 1975
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|4
|Win
| 4–0
|align=left| Cesar Lopez
|KO
|4 (6)
|Oct 19, 1975
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|3
|Win
|3–0
|align=left| Victor Martinez
|KO
|2 (6)
|Aug 10, 1975
| align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|2
|Win
| 2–0
|align=left| Miguel Ortiz
|KO
|3 (4)
|May 25, 1975
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|1
|Win
| 1–0
|align=left| Al Gardeno
|KO
|3 (4)
|May 4, 1975
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
Trivia
In the movie 21, Ben Campbell, played by Jim Sturgess, introduces himself to a girl as Salvador Sánchez.
Folk Rock band Sun Kil Moon recorded an eponymous song about Sanchez on their 2003 album Ghosts of the Great Highway''.
See also
Notable boxing families
List of Mexican boxing world champions
List of WBC world champions
Salvador Sanchez vs. Juan Laporte
Salvador Sánchez vs. Wilfredo Gómez
List of Mexicans
References
External links
Salvador Sánchez page at the International Boxing Hall of Fame
Salvador Sánchez on the Ring Magazine Cover – November 1981 Issue
The Legend of Salvador Sanchez – Fight Fanatics
Seconds Out Article
|-
1959 births
1982 deaths
Mexican male boxers
Featherweight boxers
International Boxing Hall of Fame inductees
Boxers from the State of Mexico
World Boxing Council champions
Road incident deaths in Mexico
People from Santiago Tianguistenco |
The Green Point Lighthouse is a provincial heritage site in Clansthal in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa.
In 1995 it was described in the Government Gazette as an "unusual cast-iron structure, erected in 1905, [...] the oldest lighthouse on the KwaZulu-Natal coast."
Senior lightkeepers
See also
List of lighthouses in South Africa
References
External links
Picture of Green Point Lighthouse, KwaZulu-Natal
Lighthouses completed in 1905
Lighthouses in South Africa
Buildings and structures in KwaZulu-Natal
1905 establishments in the Colony of Natal |
The Short Shetland was a British high-speed, long-range, four-engined flying boat built by Short Brothers at Rochester, Kent for use in the Second World War. It was designed to meet an Air Ministry requirement (defined in Specification R.14/40) for a very-long range reconnaissance flying boat. The design used the company's experience with large scale production of the Short Sunderland. The end of World War II prevented the Shetland from entering production. It was the first aircraft designed with a 110 volt electrical system.
Design and development
Specification R.14/40 replaced an earlier specification R.5/39 which was an up-armed revision of specification R.3/38 for a faster flying boat than the Short Sunderland. Shorts, among others, had tendered a design for R.5/39 but the ministry had changed its mind about the need for an immediate replacement for the Sunderland. R.5/39 had considered a maximum weight up to 84,000 lb (38,102 kg) – R.14/40 allowed for a maximum takeoff of nearly 100,000 lb (45,359 kg) with a bomb load of 20,000 lb (9,072 kg). The projected engines were the Bristol Centaurus radial or the Napier Sabre inline.
Shorts and the other British manufacturer of big flying boats, Saunders-Roe (Saro), were involved in the competitive tender for R.14/40; Saro proposed the Saunders-Roe S.41. Rather than selecting either company's design, the Air Ministry asked the companies to submit a combined project, stipulating the terms under which the work was to be shared between them. The detailed design was performed by Saro, its experience with the Saro Shrimp contributing to the hull shape, as well as building the wing. Shorts built the hull, tail and the final assembly.
Variants
Short S.35 Shetland I
The first prototype and what was to be the only Shetland I (Serial Number DX166) first flew on 14 December 1944, piloted by Shorts' chief test pilot John Lankester Parker as captain and Geoffrey Tyson as co-pilot. The aircraft flew without gun turrets (its role having been revised to that of unarmed transport before its maiden flight. It was delivered to the Marine Aircraft Experimental Establishment (MAEE) at Felixstowe in October 1945. Testing indicated satisfactory water handling but the stabilising floats were mounted too low and did not offer sufficient clearance for takeoffs with maximum load. Flight testing revealed problems with the harmonisation of controls and marginal longitudinal stability. Before the trials were complete, the aircraft burnt out at its moorings on 28 January 1946 as a result of a galley fire.
Short S.40 Shetland II
With the end of the war, the second prototype (Serial Number DX171) was completed as a civil transport and designated Shetland II. It was designed to carry 70 passengers but only 40 seats were fitted. Registered G-AGVD, the Shetland Mk.II's first flight took place on 17 September 1947. After trials, it was delivered to Short's factory at Belfast, but no orders were forthcoming and it performed only limited flight trials before being scrapped in 1951.
Specifications (S.35)
See also
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links
Plans of Prototype 1 and civil version (1946)
Pictures gallery
Short Shetland – British Aircraft of World War II
1940s British experimental aircraft
1940s British patrol aircraft
Shetland
Flying boats
Four-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1944 |
The 2012 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series was the eighteenth season of the third highest stock car racing in the United States. The season was contested over twenty-two races, beginning with the NextEra Energy Resources 250 at Daytona International Speedway and ending with the Ford EcoBoost 200 at Homestead-Miami Speedway. NASCAR announced some changes, including the removal of New Hampshire Motor Speedway, Nashville Superspeedway, and Lucas Oil Raceway from the schedule, and moving the Phoenix race back to its traditional fall date. In addition, Rockingham Speedway was added to the schedule, the first time NASCAR has raced at Rockingham since 2004. James Buescher of Turner Motorsports claimed his first championship with a 13th-place finish in the season finale. Chevrolet won the Manufacturer's Championship with 166 points and 12 wins.
Teams and drivers
Complete schedule
Limited schedule
Note: A driver designated with a (R) next to their name indicates that they are contenders for the 2012 Rookie of the Year award.
Team changes
The Kevin Harvick, Inc.-Richard Childress Racing Merger and Related Spinoff
Richard Childress Racing, per agreement in the Kevin Harvick, Inc. merger agreement, acquired the 2011 Owners Champion No. 2 truck as part of the Harvick-Childress merger that also included the No. 2 and No. 33 Nationwide teams. The No. 8 and No. 33 trucks were spun off in a separate deal.
Harvick spun off the No. 8 and No. 33 Truck teams, which Eddie Sharp Racing, acquired. The teams in the spinoff join the present No. 6 truck driven by Justin Lofton to form a three-truck team, which resulted in a September 2011 decision to switch manufacturers from Toyota to Chevrolet immediately, with support from Childress. The spinoff also included development driver Cale Gale, who drove the No. 33 Rheem Chevrolet.
Other Changes
ThorSport Racing switched to Toyota Tundras for the 2012 season, with the three teams of Matt Crafton (#88), Johnny Sauter (#13), and Dakoda Armstrong (#98) running for the full season.
Discontinued operations
Germain Racing had shut down the No. 9 and No. 30 trucks with employees asked to look for other employment, as the team's Sprint Cup team changed to Ford from Toyota.
Driver changes
Changed teams
Neither of the Kevin Harvick, Inc. drivers were retained by Eddie Sharp Racing after the spinoff. Ron Hornaday Jr. joined Joe Denette Motorsports and drive their No. 9 Chevrolet. He was reunited with KHI crew chief Jeff Hensley. Hornaday was not an exempt driver through the points standings during the first five races, but had an exemption through his status as a former Series Champion. (Series champions have an exemption available in certain circumstances.)
Nelson Piquet Jr. moved to Turner Motorsports to contest the full Truck series season as well as a limited Nationwide schedule. Piquet Jr. was teammates with fellow Brazilian Miguel Paludo, who leaves Red Horse Racing.
After enduring a disappointing season at Germain Racing, Brendan Gaughan moves to Richard Childress Racing to run 8 Truck races. Those races were in the No. 2 truck acquired in the Childress-Harvick merger.
After Germain Racing shut down its Truck Series operations, Todd Bodine moves to Red Horse Racing to driving the No. 11 truck that was the No. 7 that Miguel Paludo drove. However, Bodine tweeted that he needed sponsorship to run the season.
After a disappointing 2011, David Starr took the number 81 with him to the newly formed Arrington Racing formed by engine builder Joey Arrington.
After a one-year stint with Joe Denette Motorsports, Jason White formed his own team for 2012 and fielded Fords.
Rookie entries
The Rookie of the Year standout would be Ty Dillon, the younger brother of 2011 Champion Austin Dillon. Ty scored a win at Atlanta and was in contention for the championship until a late crash at Homestead knocked him to 4th in the points but easily won him the RoTY title. Former Kevin Harvick, Inc. development driver Cale Gale was runner-up to Dillon, taking a pole at Bristol and a win at Homestead. Ross Chastain finished 3rd in the rookie battle, while John Wes Townley, despite missing Daytona, had two top-10s. Contenders Jeb Burton, Dakoda Armstrong, and Daytona winner John King saw their runs for RoTY aborted due to sponsorship issues. K&N Pro Series East Champion Max Gresham struggled with Joe Denette Motorsports and departed the team early on. Duke University graduate Paulie Harraka struggled most of the season with Wauters Motorsport and left before Atlanta.
Returned to the series
Tim George Jr. returned to the Truck Series for the first time since 2009. He ran 12 races driving Richard Childress Racing's No. 2 truck inherited from Kevin Harvick, Inc.
David Reutimann returns to the series for 4 races with RBR Enterprises.
Ward Burton returned to NASCAR for the first time after a five-year absence, driving the season-opening Daytona race for Hillman Racing. His son Jeb would drive the following 4 races before a lack of sponsorship ended his run.
Exited the series
Truck Series champion and former Rookie of the Year Austin Dillon moved up to the NASCAR Nationwide Series full-time with crew chief Danny Stockman.
Johanna Long moved to the Nationwide Series for a limited schedule with ML Motorsports.
Cole Whitt moved up to the NASCAR Nationwide series full-time in the 88 Chevrolet with JR Motorsports.
2012 calendar
Calendar changes
The Las Vegas race, as a result of issues resulting from the 2011 race weekend, was moved back to late September as a stand-alone race. Originally, the Las Vegas race was set for 13 October at 12 noon PDT as part of the IndyCar weekend, but Indy Racing League LLC faces issues from the 2011 IZOD IndyCar World Championship which the 2011 Truck race was the Saturday feature of the race meet, but that meet was removed as a result of legal issues following the death of Dan Wheldon on Lap 11 of the IZOD IndyCar Series feature.
Speedway Motorsports also removed races from New Hampshire Motor Speedway, while keeping the second Kentucky truck date and having the NASCAR Nationwide Series replace INDYCAR on the fall weekend. Darlington was also removed from the schedule, both Nashville races, and Lucas Oil Motorsports Park. Chicagoland also moved to July. Kansas moved from June to April, along with the Cup series as their spring date was also moved to April to give more time for Kansas's new configuration project. Rockingham Speedway was added to the truck series schedule marking the first time since 2004 NASCAR has had a race at the track. The total of races on the schedule was also reduced from 25 to 22. Iowa Speedway also got a second date that was held in September.
Results and standings
Races
Drivers' standings
(key) Bold – Pole position awarded by time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings. * – Most laps led.
1 – Post entry, driver and owner did not score points.
2 – Ryan Blaney was originally registered for Nationwide points, but switched to the Trucks at Atlanta.
Manufacturer
See also
2012 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series
2012 NASCAR Nationwide Series
2012 NASCAR K&N Pro Series East
2012 ARCA Racing Series
2012 NASCAR Canadian Tire Series
2012 NASCAR Toyota Series
2012 NASCAR Stock V6 Series
2012 Racecar Euro Series
References
NASCAR Truck Series seasons |
Sorry About Your Daughter is an American rock band from Washington, D.C., United States.
Forming in 1992, the band toured heavily on US college campuses in the middle of the decade. They independently released one record before signing to the European label Edel Records affiliated with Sony Music/BMG. The band toured Europe and released their full-lengths with promotional videos for tracks like “You Gave Up” and “Scapegoat," which occasionally appeared on MTV Europe and Much Music. Their records are available on iTunes, Spotify, Amazon, etc. On August 17, 2019, the band reunited for a show at The Soundry in Columbia, MD.
Members
Glenn Hall – Lead vocals
Jeff Aug – Guitars, backing vocals
Aaron Wertlieb – Bass, backing vocals
Karl Hill – Drums, backing vocals
Discography
Studio albums
Aquarium Center (Diesel Boy Records, 1994)
Aquarium Center (Edel, 1995)
Face (1996) (Edel, 1996) Produced by John Avila (Oingo Boingo)
EPs
Six Bucks (1995)
Afterbirth (2019)
References
External links
Musical groups established in 1992
Rock music groups from Washington, D.C.
American musical quartets
Musical groups disestablished in 1997 |
The Omaha Open, also known as the Midlands International Indoor, was a men's tennis tournament played in Omaha, Nebraska from 1969 until 1974. The event was part of the USLTA Indoor Circuit and was held on indoor carpet courts at the City Auditorium. The tournament was canceled in March 1975, less than three weeks before the scheduled start of its seventh edition because the participation of top players could no be guaranteed.
Finals
Singles
Doubles
References
External links
ATP tournament overview
Defunct tennis tournaments in the United States
Sports in Omaha, Nebraska
Carpet court tennis tournaments
Omaha Open |
Charles D. Beckwith (c. 1832/1833 - July 13, 1891) was an early frontier photographer who operated studios in California, Utah and Idaho during the late nineteenth century.
Early years
Charles D. Beckwith was born about 1832 or 1833 in Broome County, New York. At the age of sixteen, he headed west during the great gold rush of 1849, hoping to start a new life in California. He boarded a ship, the Areatus, in Boston and sailed as a passenger around Cape Horn and arrived in San Francisco in September 1849. Presumably he tried his hand at gold mining but later turned to other work to support himself.
By 1858, Beckwith opened a daguerreian gallery in Yreka, California. He reportedly also did some work in Oregon and then opened a studio briefly in Crescent City, California. In June 1859, he returned to Yreka where he reopened his gallery, offering to produce portraits as daguerreotypes, ambrotypes and melainotypes, along with "all the latest style of pictures."
Civil War
With the outbreak of the American Civil War, the governor of California was called upon to raise volunteer regiments to fight back east and to guard the Overland Trail. Recruitment posters sprouted up throughout the state as newly appointed officers struggled to find enough willing volunteers to fill the new regiments.
Beckwith heard the call and decided to enlist. In September 1861, he turned over his Yreka studio to another photographer, S. T. Feen, and headed for Fort Jones outside San Francisco. On September 25, he was sworn into the service for three years and was assigned to Company M of the Second California Cavalry. For the next eight months, the regiment drilled and trained at Camp Alert near San Francisco. In December 1861, Private Beckwith was transferred to the regimental band as a Musician Third Class.
Concerned about increasing depredations along the immigrant trails through the west, several regiments of California Volunteers were assigned to Colonel Patrick Edward Connor and sent to Utah Territory despite protests about not being used to fight the Confederate Army. Beckwith was with the column that departed Camp Alert in July 1862, reaching Fort Churchill, Nevada Territory, the following month. During the march, the musician was seriously injured by his horse and in September 1862, he was transferred back to Company M. His company arrived on October 20 in Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, with Colonel Connor, where they established Camp Douglas (later renamed Fort Douglas). Beckwith's company was part of the troops sent to fight the Shoshoni in the Bear River Massacre in January 1863.
In March 1863, Private Beckwith's company, commanded by Captain George F. Price, was transferred to Fort Bridger however Beckwith was temporarily assigned to regimental headquarters and thus remained behind at Camp Douglas. By November 1863, the soldier had opened a photographic studio on the post. His advertisement in the first issue of the garrison's newspaper, the Union Vedette, advertised that he was "now prepared to take pictures, of all kinds in the daguerrean art, at prices to suit."
In May 1864, the post quartermaster at Camp Douglas received instructions to submit a map of the post, together with descriptions of each of the buildings. Five months later, Gatley submitted his detailed map together with seven photographs, the earliest known images of Camp Dogulas. While the photographer was not mentioned by name in the report, these views were very likely the work of Private Charles Beckwith. If so, they represent the only surviving photographs from this period of his photographic career.
Private Beckwith remained at Camp Douglas until he was mustered out of the service on October 4, 1864, having completed his three-year enlistment.
Later career
After his discharge from the Army, Beckwith initially returned home to New York but then came back to Salt Lake City two years later. In March 1867, he moved to Montana where he worked as a prospector, a house painter and finally as a bartender. In January 1886, Beckwith located in Littlefield, Idaho, and again took up his camera as a commercial photographer. He applied for a pension for his army service and by 1890, records reveal that his health had deteriorated to such a degree that he was no longer able to work. Beckwith finally moved to Murray, Idaho, where he died on July 13, 1891.
Notes
References
Ephriam D. Dickson III, "Private Charles D. Beckwith: Camp Douglas' First Photographer," The Fort Douglas Vedette, v. 34 no. 1 (Winter 2008-09) pp. 4–6.
Peter E. Palmquist and Thomas R. Kailbourn, Pioneer Photographers of the Far West: A Biographical Dictionary, 1840-1865 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2000) p. 106-107.
Richard H. Orton, Records of California Men in the War of the Rebellion, 1861 to 1867 (Sacramento, CA: State Adjutant General, 1890).
American photographers
1830s births
1891 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
People from Broome County, New York
People from Yreka, California |
Florian Keller (born October 3, 1981 in Berlin) is a field hockey player from Germany and the brother of Natascha Keller. He was a member of the Men's National Team that won the gold medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
References
The Official Website of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games
External links
1981 births
Living people
German male field hockey players
Olympic field hockey players for Germany
Field hockey players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Germany
Field hockey players from Berlin
Olympic medalists in field hockey
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics |
Yura Movsisyan (; born 2 August 1987) is an Armenian former professional footballer who played as a forward. Most notably, Movsisyan played for Spartak Moscow in the Russian Premier League. He played for the Armenia national football team, ending his career with 14 goals in 38 international games.
Early life
Yura Movsisyan was born 2 August 1987 in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR, to an Armenian family from Aragatsotn Province, of parents Sergey Movsisyan (currently mayor of Aragatsotn Province) and Aida Sahakyan and brothers Movses and Hovhannes. His family left for the United States between late 1991 and early 1992, settling in the Los Angeles area, where there is a large Armenian community. Movsisyan attended Pasadena High School, and played a year of college soccer at Pasadena City College before being discovered by MLS scouts prior to the 2006 MLS SuperDraft. He stated that his football idol was Thierry Henry.
Club career
Kansas City Wizards
Movsisyan was signed to a Generation Adidas contract and became the surprise of draft day, with the Kansas City Wizards (now known as Sporting Kansas City) selecting him with the fourth overall pick, the highest in MLS history for a player who did not go to a Division I college program or was not a U.S. youth international. After one game being unused, Movsisyan finally made his debut, coming on as a substitute, in a 2–1 loss against D.C. United on 13 May 2006. Movsisyan became a regular player in the first team by the end of his first professional season. The following season, Movsisyan scored his first goal of his professional career in a 3–0 win over Toronto FC on 25 April 2007. Soon after, this was followed up when he scored a brace against New York Red Bulls next month on 16 May 2007. He would score two more goals, rising up to five, against LA Galaxy and Chivas USA.
Real Salt Lake
In September 2007, Movsisyan was traded to Real Salt Lake in a deal involving MLS SuperDraft picks and an international roster spot. Movsisyan made his debut on 17 September 2007 in a 2–2 draw against Los Angeles Galaxy and setting up a goal for Carey Talley. At the last game of the season, Movsisyan received a red card, for the first time of his career, in a 1–0 loss against Houston Dynamo. The next season, Movsisyan would score his first goal in a 4–3 loss against Houston Dynamo on 16 August 2008. On 6 September 2008, Movsisyan scored and set up a goal for Will Johnson in a 2–2 draw against Los Angeles Galaxy, followed by scoring a brace in a 3–2 win over San Jose Earthquakes at the same months. Movsisyan was the player to score Real Salt Lake's first ever MLS Cup Playoffs goal when he scored the winner (and only goal) on 1 November 2008 at Rio Tinto Stadium, when the Utah side beat Chivas USA. At Real Salt Lake, Movsisyan had been on the goalscoring form. Movsisyan signed a pre-contract with Danish club Randers FC on 6 July 2009, with an agreement to join the club following the conclusion of the 2009 MLS season. Having helped Real Salt Lake win their first ever MLS Cup championship that season after beating Los Angeles Galaxy 5–4 on penalties although he was substituted in the second half, Movsisyan left the club and joined Randers on 1 January 2010.
Randers FC
Movsisyan made his debut for Randers FC on the opening game of the season in 0–0 draw against Esbjerg fB on 7 March 2010 and scored a brace twice in a 3–1 win over Silkeborg IF on 14 April 2010 and a 2–0 win over Midtjylland in the same month. By the end of the season, Movsisyan had made 13 appearances and scored 7 goals in an impressive form despite only playing in the second half of the season. During that season, Movsisyan scored twice and provided an assist for Søren Pedersen in a 6–1 win over Dudelange in the first round of Europa League and won 7–3 on aggregate to advance to the next round. Another match win in the Europa League, Movsisyan scored a brace in a 3–2 loss against Lausanne-Sport, but the club was eliminated after a 1–1 draw, which Movsisyan scored in the match. Movsisyan replaced the past season topscorer Marc Nygaard's position, from the first match of the spring season. In Denmark he established himself as a powerhouse, playing a major role in the saving of Randers FC from relegation from the Danish Superliga. His good performance led the Russian side Rubin Kazan and Ukrainian side Dynamo Kyiv.
Krasnodar
He was sold for €2.5 million to FC Krasnodar in Winter 2011. Movsisyan made his debut in an opening game of the season on 12 March 2011 in a 0–0 draw against Anzhi Makhachkala and scored his first goal in a 2–0 win over Spartak Nalchik in the next game. After fighting injury early in the season, Movsisyan has become a major producer on the team and has netted 14 goals, including a brace against Volga (that win would keep the club safe from relegation) and a goal, own goal and an assist in a 2–2 draw against Amkar Perm. At the end of the season, Movsisyan was selected as the Most Valuable Player of the Year for 2011 by the club. Even after the 2011–12 season, Movsisyan was named the top 10 best new foreign player and was the topscorer in the Relegation group. In the opening game of the season, Movsisyan scored a brace in a 2–1 win over Rubin Kazan and scored another and provide an assist for Joãozinho in a 3–1 win over Lokomotiv Moscow. He would score twice brace in a 2–2 draw against Amkar Perm and another goal and an assist for Dušan Anđelković in a 6–1 win over against Mordovia Saransk. His goal scoring made him linked with various clubs. But this did not stop Krasnodar as the club offered him a new three-year contract. However, the club couldn't match his salary offer, according to Manager Slavoljub Muslin. Movsisyan stated Krasnodar would always be dear to him and expressed gratitude to Krasnodar FC president Sergey Galitsky.
Spartak Moscow
Movsisyan completed a move to Spartak Moscow on 8 December 2012 for a reported €7.5 million and signed a contract for 4.5 years with a salary of €1.5 million a year. He is the 7th most expensive transfer in Spartak history. On 10 March 2013, Movsisyan made his debut for the new club in a home game against Terek Grozny. Movsisyan had an immediate impact by scoring a hat-trick, leading Spartak to a 3–1 win. This was the first hat-trick Movsisyan scored in his career and he became the first Spartak player to score a hat-trick in his debut. His next goal came in a 2–0 home victory over Amkar Perm. Movsisiyan then sustained an injury in a 2–2 derby draw against CSKA Moscow and missed the next three games. At the end of the season his team finished 4th which means they have qualified for the play-off round of the UEFA Europa League. Next season started perfectly for Yura, he scored a goal in the first match of the season from a penalty, in a 2–1 victory over Kryliya Sovetov.
Spartak legends Nikita Simonyan and Alexander Mirzoyan personally sent well wishes to Movsisyan in connection with his becoming a Spartak player. Mirzoyan wished Movsisyan success and gave Movsisyan an autographed photo of him. Simonyan wrote to Movsisyan, "Dear Yura, I hope that you win more titles at Spartak than I. I wish you success!" Movsisyan replied, "It will be difficult to exceed Simonyan's achievements—[both] as a player and a coach. Thanks very much for such valuable gift. I know of Simonyan and Mirzoyan as the greatest players, and I am proud to be an Armenian just like them. I have not seen them play, but I know that they have done a lot for Spartak. I am not even close to them [in terms of accomplishments]. [But] I certainly do have plans. I want to score goals and achieve wins. [And] when something goes successfully, I will enter into history at that time."
Return to Real Salt Lake
On 15 January 2016, Real Salt Lake announced that it had signed Movsisyan as a designated player on loan from Spartak. Real acquired his rights on a permanent basis on 10 October 2016.
Movsisyan was waived by Salt Lake for league roster purposes on 2 March 2018, although he remained under contract.
Djurgårdens IF
On 25 March 2018, it was confirmed that Djurgården had signed Movsisyan on a 6-month long loan with a possible extension of another 6 months. He made his debut in a 2–0 loss against city rivals AIK, coming on as a substitute in the second half. After 16 minutes of play he was handed a straight red card. On 10 May 2018, he appeared for Djurgarden in a 3-0 victory over Malmö FF in the Swedish Cup Final. After sustaining a thigh injury which kept him out of the squad for several weeks, he left the club to continue his rehabilitation in the USA.
Chicago Fire
On 14 September 2018, Chicago Fire announced that they had acquired Movsisyan off waivers. On 26 November 2018, Chicago Fire announced that they had declined the option on Movsisyan's contract and that he would be leaving the club and be eligible for the 2019 MLS Re-Entry Draft.
International career
Movsisyan originally stated that his goal was to gain American citizenship and join the United States national team. However, on 9 August 2010, he joined the Armenia national team and made his debut in a friendly against Iran on 11 August 2010. He was one of the most prolific strikers in the UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying campaign, netting four goals and assisting on five others. As of March 2016, Movsisyan had been indefinitely ruled out from representing Armenia by the head of Armenia's Football Federation (FFA), Ruben Hayrapetyan, as a result of his lack of commitment to national team play, following allegation of match fixing during the EURO 2016 qualifying campaign. As he participated in official FIFA competitions via European Qualification matches with Armenia, he is not eligible to represent the United States. He had returned to the Armenian side by November 2018 and scored four goals against Gibraltar.
Personal life
Movsisyan was raised in Los Angeles, holds Armenian and American citizenship. Movsisyan is married to Marianna and they have three children, daughters, Aida (b. 2012) Rita (b. 2016), and a son, Arman (b. 2010). His father, Sergeyk is the head of the Aragatsotn Province, Armenia.
Career statistics
Club
International
Scores and results list Armenia's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Movsisyan goal.
Honours
Real Salt Lake
MLS Cup: 2009
Djurgårdens IF
Svenska Cupen: 2017–18
Individual
FC Krasnodar Player of the Season: 2011–12
Russian Premier League top scorer: 2012–13 (joint, 13 goals)
Russian Premier League Player of the Month: August 2012
List of 33 top players of the Russian league: 2013–14
References
External links
Danish Superliga player statistics at danskfodbold.com
1987 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Baku
American people of Armenian descent
Armenian men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Armenia men's international footballers
Armenian expatriate men's footballers
Sporting Kansas City players
Real Salt Lake players
Randers FC players
FC Krasnodar players
FC Spartak Moscow players
Djurgårdens IF Fotboll players
Chicago Fire FC players
Major League Soccer players
Danish Superliga players
Expatriate men's footballers in Denmark
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Russian Premier League players
Sporting Kansas City draft picks
Designated Players (MLS)
Pasadena High School (California) alumni
Allsvenskan players
Ethnic Armenian sportspeople |
"There Must Be More to Love Than This" is a 1970 single by Jerry Lee Lewis. It was Lewis's fourth number one on the U.S. country music chart. The single spent two weeks at the top spot and a total of fourteen weeks on the chart.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
Jerry Lee Lewis songs
1970 singles
1970 songs
Mercury Records singles |
The 2022–23 Incarnate Word Cardinals women's basketball team represents the University of the Incarnate Word in the 2022-23 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Cardinals are led by coach Jeff Dow, in his fourth season, and are members of the Southland Conference.
Previous season
The Cardinals finished the 2021–22 season with a 14–17 record overall and a 5–9 record in Southland Conference play tied for fifth place with Northwestern State in the conference regular season. Winning the regular season head-to-head with Northwestern State, the Cardinals entered the 2022 Southland Conference women's basketball tournament as the No. 5 seed. They won the conference tournament defeating their opponents in four games from first round play through to the championship game. They received the conference's automatic bid to the 2022 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament. Their season ended in the opening game of the NCAA tournament with a 51–55 loss to Howard University.
Preseason polls
Southland Conference Poll
The Southland Conference released its preseason poll on October 25, 2022. Receiving 64 votes overall, the Cardinals were picked to finish seventh in the conference.
Preseason All Conference
No Cardinals were selected as members of the Preseason All Conference first team.
Roster
Schedule
Sources:
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!colspan=9 style=|Non-conference regular season
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!colspan=9 style=|Southland regular season
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!colspan=9 style=| 2023 Jersey Mike's Subs Southland Basketball Tournament
See also
2022–23 Incarnate Word Cardinals men's basketball team
References
Incarnate Word
Incarnate Word Cardinals women's basketball seasons
Incarnate Word
Incarnate Word |
Joseph Charles Gustave Brault (1886–1954) was a Canadian architect who served as Chief Dominion Architect from 1947 to 1952. As chief government architect he was responsible for many of the federal buildings constructed in this period. Drawings for public buildings such as Post Office Buildings and Dominion Public Buildings designed by Brault and his staff during his tenure as Chief Architect of the Department of Public Works are now held at the National Archives of Canada.
Joseph Charles Gustave Brault was born in Montreal, Quebec on 15 March 1886. He attended Mont-St-Louis College in 1901–06. He articled in Montreal, Quebec with Edward & W.S. Maxwell in 1907–08. He articled with Ross & MacFarlane in 1910–11. He also trained in offices of Marchand & Haskell and Kenneth Rea as a summer student. He attended courses in architecture at Cornell University in 1911–12. He worked as a draftsman in Montreal, Quebec for Ross and MacFarlane and for Barott, Blackader & Webster. He joined the Department of Public Works as a staff architect from 1913–1947 in Ottawa, Ontario. He was appointed Chief Architect of the Department of Public Works from 1947 until he retired in 1952. He died on 7 May 1954 in Montreal.
Works
During the period of rapid growth following World War II his work included planning for new structures and major additions to Post Offices known as Dominion Public Buildings, Customs & Immigration facilities at new border crossings, and military hospitals. He designed Customs & Immigration Buildings in Edmundston, New Brunswick (1947); Phillipsburg, Quebec (1947); Saint John, New Brunswick (1948); Armstrong, Quebec (1948); Lacollege, Quebec (1948) and Coutts, Alberta (1950). He designed a Forward Mail Building in Edmonton, Alberta in 1948.
References
External links
Joseph Charles Gustave Brault, Dominion Architect, 1936-1947
1886 births
1954 deaths
Architects from Montreal
Canadian architects
Cornell University College of Architecture, Art, and Planning alumni
Chief Dominion Architects, Canada |
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