Split (2)

train · 999k rows

text stringlengths 1 22.8M
A title opinion is the written opinion of an attorney, based on the attorney's title search into a property, describing the current ownership rights in the property, as well as the actions that must be taken to make the stated ownership rights marketable. In the oil and gas sector, various types of title opinions exist, each with a different scope and purpose. These include, but are not limited to, drilling title opinions, division order title opinions, mortgage opinions, acquisition opinions, and drilling and division order title opinions. See also Chain of title Title (property) References Louisiana Legal Advisor. By Stephen E. Covell, Lauren K. Covell. Charleston Press, 2005 Real estate terminology
Around 2:30 p.m. on Sunday, 1 March 1992, a Bosnian Serb wedding procession in Sarajevo's old Muslim quarter of Baščaršija was attacked, resulting in the death of the father of the groom, Nikola Gardović, and the wounding of a Serbian Orthodox priest. The attack took place on the last day of a controversial referendum on Bosnia and Herzegovina's independence from Yugoslavia, in the early stages of the breakup of Yugoslavia and the Yugoslav Wars. In response to the shooting, Serb Democratic Party (SDS) irregulars set up barricades and roadblocks across Sarajevo, accusing the Bosnian Muslim Party of Democratic Action (SDA) of orchestrating the attack. The SDS demanded that Serb-inhabited areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina be patrolled by Serbs, and not by police officers of other ethnicities, and further called for United Nations peacekeepers to be deployed to the country. On 3 March, the SDS agreed to dismantle the barricades it had erected. The Muslim-dominated People's Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina declared the country's independence the same day. Gardović is often regarded as the first casualty of the Bosnian War. Ramiz Delalić, a career criminal allegedly under the protection of the SDA, was quickly identified as a suspect, but the Bosnian Muslim authorities made little effort to locate him in the immediate aftermath of the shooting. He later admitted to carrying out the attack in a televised interview. In 2004, Delalić was charged with one count of first-degree murder in relation to Gardović's death, but was shot and killed in 2007, before his trial could be completed. In the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the country's semi-autonomous Bosniak–Croat entity, 1 March is celebrated as Independence Day. The holiday is not observed in the semi-autonomous Bosnian Serb entity Republika Srpska and most Bosnian Serbs associate the date with the wedding attack rather than with the independence referendum. The shooting was dramatized in the 1998 British war film Welcome to Sarajevo. Background Following the death of its longtime leader Josip Broz Tito in 1980, the multi-ethnic socialist state of Yugoslavia entered a period of protracted economic stagnation and decline. The anemic state of the country's economy resulted in a substantial increase in ethnic tensions which were only exacerbated by the fall of communism in Eastern Europe in 1989. The following year, the League of Communists of Yugoslavia permitted democratic elections to be held nationwide. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, political parties were established largely along ethnic lines. The Bosnian Muslims founded the Party of Democratic Action (SDA) to represent their interests, the Bosnian Serbs founded the Serb Democratic Party (SDS) and the Bosnian Croats founded the Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina (HDZ BiH). The three parties were led by Alija Izetbegović, Radovan Karadžić and Stjepan Kljuić, respectively. Bosnia and Herzegovina held its first democratic election on 18 November 1990. The voting was dominated by nationalist parties such as the SDA, SDS and HDZ BiH. Socialist parties with no ethnic affiliation, most notably the League of Communists of Bosnia and Herzegovina, failed to win a significant percentage of the vote. The SDA and HDZ BiH, representing the aspirations of most Bosnian Muslims and Bosnian Croats, advocated for Bosnia and Herzegovina's independence from Yugoslavia, a move opposed by the SDS and the vast majority of Bosnian Serbs. On 25 June, the governments of Slovenia and Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia, leading to the Ten-Day War and the Croatian War of Independence, the first armed conflicts of what would become known as the Yugoslav Wars. In accordance with the RAM Plan, devised by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) as early as 1990, the State Security Administration began disseminating small arms to the Bosnian Serb population, resulting in the establishment of a number of Bosnian Serb militias across Bosnia and Herzegovina by the end of 1991. In November 1991, the SDS organized a plebiscite, boycotted by Bosnian Muslims and Bosnian Croats, in which the vast majority of Bosnian Serbs voted to remain part of Yugoslavia. The following month, an arbitration commission established by the European Economic Community (EEC) declared that a legally binding nationwide independence referendum would be a prerequisite for the EEC's eventual recognition of Bosnia and Herzegovina's independence. A nationwide independence referendum was thus scheduled to be held between 29 February and 1 March. The SDS rejected such a referendum as unconstitutional. Consequently, at the party's urging, the vast majority of Bosnian Serbs boycotted it. On 9 January 1992, the SDS announced the establishment of the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a self-proclaimed autonomous entity which was to include all the municipalities in which more than 50 percent of voters had voted to remain part of Yugoslavia. Like much of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the capital Sarajevo was ethnically and religiously diverse. According to the 1991 Yugoslav population census, the city had 525,980 inhabitants, 49.3 percent of whom identified as Bosnian Muslims, 29.9 percent of whom identified as Serbs, 10.7 percent of whom identified as Yugoslavs and 6.6 percent of whom identified as Croats. Attack On Sunday, 1 March 1992, the final day of voting, the wedding of a Bosnian Serb couple, Milan Gardović and Dijana Tambur, was held at the Church of the Holy Transfiguration in Novo Sarajevo. The groom was a seminarian in his final year of study. His father, Nikola, was a sacristan at the Church of the Holy Transfiguration. The historian Kenneth Morrison describes the atmosphere in Sarajevo that day as "tense". Following the ceremony, the newlyweds, their respective families and the wedding guests drove to the Church of the Holy Archangels Michael and Gabriel, colloquially known as the Old Orthodox Church, in the city's old Muslim quarter of Baščaršija, where a wedding meal was supposed to be held. The Church of the Holy Archangels Michael and Gabriel was Sarajevo's oldest religious building. Because there was no parking space in the immediate vicinity of the Church of the Holy Archangels Michael and Gabriel, the wedding party decided to head towards the church on foot, forming a procession that stretched from the nearest parking lot to the church itself. During the procession, members of the wedding party brandished Serbian flags, which many Bosnian Muslim passersby interpreted as a deliberate provocation. Such processions were typical of Serb weddings across Yugoslavia. They were usually accompanied by the honking of car horns and the singing of songs. Around 2:30 p.m., four young men emerged from a white Volkswagen Golf and attempted to seize a flag from one of the wedding guests. A scuffle ensued, and according to eyewitnesses, one of the men opened fire at the procession. Viktor Meier, a correspondent writing for the German daily Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, was a chance eyewitness to the attack, and wrote of it in his 1995 book Yugoslavia: A History of its Demise. "At first, it seemed to be a detonator," Meier wrote of the gunshots, "but then I saw people in a frenzy; I heard cries and saw someone run to the nearest telephone and saw the terrified faces of passers-by [sic]." Gardović's father was killed in the attack, and a Serbian Orthodox priest, Radenko Mirović, was wounded. Aftermath Response "The emotional charge of the incident was strong on both sides," the historian Mladen Ančić writes, "because a Serb wedding procession, displaying Serb symbols, on its way to the oldest Serb church in Sarajevo was stopped by a Muslim bullet." For most Serbs, the attack represented "a point of no return", the historian John R. Schindler writes. The shooting was immediately denounced by SDS officials. Karadžić said the attack proved that the independence movement posed an existential threat to the Bosnian Serbs. "This shot was a great injustice aimed at the Serb people," the President of the People's Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Momčilo Krajišnik, remarked. SDS spokesman Rajko Dukić stated that the wedding attack was evidence that Sarajevo's Serbs were "in mortal danger" and argued that an independent Bosnia and Herzegovina would threaten the Bosnian Serbs' security even further. Izetbegović condemned the murder, calling it "a shot at all Bosnia". The mayor of Sarajevo's Stari Grad municipality, Selim Hadžibajrić, expressed his condolences to Gardović's family. The Bosnian Muslim paramilitary leader Sefer Halilović, who had founded the militia known as the Patriotic League in March 1991, struck a different tone. Halilović claimed that the procession "wasn't really a wedding, but a provocation", and that the members of the wedding party were SDS activists. "They wanted to go through Baščaršija with the cars, with the flags, with the banners, to provoke us and see how we would react," Halilović remarked. The attack prompted a "competition for urban space that would develop into the outright besieging and division of the city," the historian Catherine Baker writes. Roadblocks and barricades quickly appeared across Sarajevo, first Bosnian Serb ones and then Bosnian Muslim ones. The SDS demanded that Serb-inhabited areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina be patrolled by Serbs, and not by police officers of other ethnicities, and further called for United Nations peacekeepers to be deployed to the country. Two days after the attack, the SDS agreed to remove the barricades it had erected. This breakthrough was achieved by the JNA general Milutin Kukanjac, who successfully convinced the leaders of the SDA and SDS to allow joint patrols by the JNA and Bosnian Police. The same day, Izetbegović declared the independence of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Muslim-dominated People's Assembly quickly ratified the decision. Gardović was buried in Sarajevo on 4 March. His funeral was officiated by the bishop Vasilije Kačavenda. "I will not say, as some unintelligent politicians have, that the shot that killed this man was a shot at Bosnia," Kačavenda remarked during his eulogy. "But it was a warning to our three nations. Let Nikola's sacrifice be the last of these crazy times." Coverage of the attack largely eclipsed that of the concurrent referendum. Serbian newspapers largely portrayed the attack as one for which all Bosnian Muslims bore collective responsibility. The following passage from the Belgrade daily Politika was typical: "The killers of the Serb wedding guest are not the three attackers, but those who created the atmosphere which abolished Bosnia-Herzegovina once and for all." The Sarajevo daily Oslobođenje veered in the opposite direction, attempting to obfuscate the attackers' ethnic identities. A column published a day after the attack read: "The killers of the wedding guest at Baščaršija, hate-mongers and barricade-builders, were not only not Sarajevans, they were not even true Bosnians, but strangers." The column went on to insinuate that the wedding procession had been a deliberate provocation. Many Serb readers considered Oslobođenje'''s reaction to the attack insensitive and sent angry letters to the editor in response. Miroslav Janković, a Serb member of the newspaper's editorial board, vented his fury at the following day's board meeting, describing the column as "the most shameless thing this newspaper has published in fifty years." Responsibility Eyewitnesses identified the individual who fired at the wedding procession as Ramiz Delalić, a career criminal. The SDS leadership immediately blamed the SDA for the attack and alleged that Delalić was under the SDA's protection. Prior to the attack, Delalić had been implicated in another shooting, as well as a rape, and had received treatment at a psychiatric hospital. On 3 March 1992, the local authorities had issued a warrant for Delalić's arrest, but made little effort to find him. SDS officials alleged that the authorities' failure to arrest Delalić was evidence of the SDA's complicity in the attack. During the siege of Sarajevo, Delalić led a Bosnian Muslim paramilitary unit that attacked and murdered Bosnian Serb and Bosnian Muslim civilians. The impunity entrusted Delalić by the Bosnian Muslim authorities was such that he openly admitted to opening fire on the wedding guests in a televised interview. The authorities only cracked down on Delalić's militia in late 1993 after it began targeting non-Serbs. On 1 March 1997, the fifth anniversary of the wedding attack, Delalić publicly threatened a father and son inside a Sarajevo restaurant, and brandished a pistol in front of patrons, an offence for which he was later convicted. In June 1999, he ran over and injured a police officer with his car, and was again imprisoned. This latter incident prompted Carlos Westendorp, the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina, to urge the country's authorities to investigate Delalić's wartime activities. On 8 December 2004, Delalić was charged with one count of first degree murder in relation to the wedding attack. His trial commenced on 14 February 2005. On the first day of court proceedings, prosecutors played the jury a videotape of the wedding attack, which appeared to show Delalić firing at the procession. The same day, Delalić posted bail and was released on his own recognizance. On 27 June 2007, before his trial could be completed, Delalić was shot and killed by unidentified gunmen in Sarajevo. On 19 September 2012, prosecutors in Sarajevo charged the Kosovo Albanian drug lord Naser Kelmendi with ordering Delalić's murder. Kelmendi had fled Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2012 after being sanctioned under the United States' Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act. He was also indicted on several counts of drug trafficking. He was arrested by the Kosovo Police in Pristina on 6 May 2013. Since Bosnia and Herzegovina does not recognize Kosovo, and thus has no extradition agreement with it, Kelmendi was tried in Pristina for crimes that he was alleged to have committed in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In October 2016, the senior Bosniak politician Fahrudin Radončić, who had been acquainted with Delalić, testified in Kelmendi's defense. In 2012, Radončić had been named in Kelmendi's indictment as one of the plotters in the conspiracy to kill Delalić, but was never personally charged and denied the allegations. Radončić testified that Delalić had told him that the wedding attack had been ordered by Izetbegović and the SDA. Radončić further testified that Delalić's assassination had been ordered by "the Bosniak state mafia", and not by Kelmendi, because Delalić had wished to discuss the Izetbegović family's alleged involvement in organized crime with prosecutors. On 1 February 2018, Kelmendi was convicted on one count of drug trafficking and sentenced to six years' imprisonment; he was acquitted on all counts relating to Delalić's murder. Legacy Nikola Gardović is often considered the first casualty of the Bosnian War. Among Bosnian Serbs, the attack is commonly referred to as the Bloody Wedding. The political scientist Keith Crawford describes the attack and the Sijekovac massacre of Bosnian Serb civilians in Bosanski Brod on 27 March as the two incidents that effectively precipitated the conflict. The Indian academic Radha Kumar has compared the wedding attack to violent incidents that have preceded inter-communal violence in India. On 6 April, the EEC and the United States recognized Bosnia and Herzegovina as an independent state. The same day, the Bosnian Serb leadership declared the independence of the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, later renamed Republika Srpska. Bosnia and Herzegovina was admitted into the UN on 22 May. The ensuing Bosnian War left 100,000 dead; an additional two million were displaced. The war ended with the signing of the Dayton Agreement in December 1995, in which the warring parties agreed to divide the country into two semi-autonomous entities, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska. Following the war, most of Republika Srpska's wartime leadership was indicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. Among them was Karadžić, who was convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity, as well as genocide for his role in the Srebrenica massacre of 1995, and sentenced to life imprisonment in March 2019. Fleeing the war, Milan and Dijana Gardović immigrated to Sweden, where Milan now serves as a Serbian Orthodox priest. In the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1 March is celebrated as Independence Day, a non-working holiday. Independence Day is not observed in Republika Srpska and most Bosnian Serbs associate the date with the wedding attack rather than with the independence referendum. The attack was dramatized in the 1997 British war film Welcome to Sarajevo, with Bosnian Serb paramilitaries as the perpetrators and Bosnian Croat civilians as the victims. "These changes were introduced obviously for political reasons," the film scholar Goran Gocić opines. The anthropologist Stephen Harper concurs. He writes, "the switching of ethnic identities in the staging of the wedding party massacre in Welcome to Sarajevo'' ... offers a further example of how cinematic images can be used for the ideological rewriting of history." Footnotes Citations References Academic texts News reports 1992 crimes in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992 murders in Europe 1990s murders in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1990s in Sarajevo Anti-Serbian sentiment Attacks on weddings Bosnia and Herzegovina murder victims Bosnian War March 1992 events in Europe
```cmake # Locate the Vulkan SDK FIND_LIBRARY(Vulkan_LIBRARY NAMES vulkan-1 vulkan PATH_SUFFIXES lib64 lib Bin PATHS ${VK_SDK_PATH} $ENV{VK_SDK_PATH} ) FIND_PATH(Vulkan_INCLUDE_DIR vulkan/vulkan.h PATH_SUFFIXES include Include PATHS ${VK_SDK_PATH} $ENV{VK_SDK_PATH} ) SET(Vulkan_LIBRARIES ${Vulkan_LIBRARY} ) INCLUDE(FindPackageHandleStandardArgs) FIND_PACKAGE_HANDLE_STANDARD_ARGS(Vulkan DEFAULT_MSG Vulkan_INCLUDE_DIR Vulkan_LIBRARY) MARK_AS_ADVANCED(Vulkan_INCLUDE_DIR Vulkan_LIBRARY) ```
Collagen alpha-3(V) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL5A3 gene. This gene encodes an alpha chain for one of the low abundance fibrillar collagens. Fibrillar collagen molecules are trimers that can be composed of one or more types of alpha chains. Type V collagen is found in tissues containing type I collagen and appears to regulate the assembly of heterotypic fibers composed of both type I and type V collagen. This gene product is closely related to type XI collagen and it is possible that the collagen chains of types V and XI constitute a single collagen type with tissue-specific chain combinations. Mutations in this gene are thought to be responsible for the symptoms of a subset of patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type III. Messages of several sizes can be detected in northern blots but sequence information cannot confirm the identity of the shorter messages. References Further reading Collagens
A hybrid electric bus is a bus that combines a conventional internal combustion engine propulsion system with an electric propulsion system. These type of buses normally use a Diesel-electric powertrain and are also known as hybrid Diesel-electric buses. The introduction of hybrid electric vehicles and other green vehicles for purposes of public transport forms a part of sustainable transport schemes. Powertrain Types of hybrid vehicle drivetrain A hybrid electric bus may have either a parallel powertrain (e.g., Volvo B5LH) or a series powertrain (e.g., some versions of the Alexander Dennis Enviro400 MMC). Plug-in hybrid A plug-in hybrid school bus effort began in 2003 in Raleigh, NC, when Advanced Energy began working between districts across the country and manufacturers to understand the needs of both. The effort demonstrated both a technical and business feasibility and as a result was able to secure funding in 2005 from NASEO to purchase up to 20 buses. The resulting RFP from Advanced Energy was won by IC Bus using a product jointly produced with Enova for a 22-mile plug-in hybrid product with a $140k premium over existing buses. The buses performed well in testing with 70% reductions in fuel usage although only in specific conditions. The United States Department of Energy (USDOE) announced the selection of Navistar Corporation for a cost-shared award of up to $10 million to develop, test, and deploy plug-in hybrid electric (PHEV) school buses. The project aims to deploy 60 vehicles for a three-year period in school bus fleets across the nation. The vehicles will be capable of running in either electric-only or hybrid modes and will be recharged from a standard electrical outlet. Because electricity will be their primary fuel, they will consume less petroleum than standard vehicles. To develop the PHEV school bus, Navistar will examine a range of hybrid architectures and evaluate advanced energy storage devices, with the goal of developing a vehicle with a electric range. Travel beyond the range will be facilitated by a clean Diesel engine capable of running on renewable fuels. The DOE funding will cover up to half of the project's cost and will be provided over three years, subject to annual appropriations. Tribrid Bus Tribrid buses have been developed by the University of Glamorgan in Wales. They are powered by hydrogen fuel or solar cells, batteries and ultracapacitors. Air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions A report prepared by Purdue University suggests introducing more hybrid Diesel-electric buses and a fuel containing 20% biodiesel (BD20) would further reduce greenhouse emissions and petroleum consumption. Manufacturers Current manufacturers of Diesel-electric hybrid buses include Alexander Dennis, Azure Dynamics Corporation, Ebus, Eletra (Brazil), New Flyer Industries, Tata (India), Gillig, Motor Coach Industries, Orion Bus Industries, North American Bus Industries, Daimler AG's Mitsubishi Fuso, MAN, Designline, BAE Systems, Volvo Buses, VDL Bus & Coach, Wrightbus, Castrosua, Tata Hispano and many more. Toyota claims to have started with the Coaster Hybrid Bus in 1997 on the Japanese market. Since 1999, Hybrid electric buses with gas turbine generators have been developed by several manufacturers in the US and New Zealand, with the most successful design being the buses made by Designline of New Zealand. The first model went into commercial service in Christchurch since 1999, and later models were sold for daily service in Auckland, Hong Kong, Newcastle upon Tyne, and Tokyo. The Whispering Wheel bus is another HEV using in-wheel motors. It was tested in winter 2003–04 in Apeldoorn in the Netherlands. In Japan, Mitsubishi Fuso have developed a diesel engine hybrid bus using lithium batteries in 2002, and this model has since seen limited service in several Japanese cities. The Blue Ribbon City Hybrid bus was presented by Hino, a Toyota affiliate, in January 2005. For the North American transit bus market, New Flyer Industries, Gillig, North American Bus Industries, and Nova Bus produce hybrid electric buses using components from either BAE Systems (series hybrid, initially branded HybriDrive and now branded Series-E), or Allison Transmission (parallel/series hybrid, branded Hybrid EP or H 40/50 EP). In May 2003 General Motors started to tour with hybrid electric buses developed together with Allison. General Electric introduced its hybrid electric gear shifters on the market in 2005. Several hundreds of those buses have entered into daily operation in the U.S. In 2006, Nova Bus, which had previously marketed the RTS hybrid before that model was discontinued, added a Diesel-electric hybrid option for its LFS series. In the United Kingdom, Wrightbus has introduced a development of the London "Double-Decker", a new interpretation of the traditional red buses that are a feature of the extreme traffic density in London. The Wright Pulsar Gemini HEV bus uses a small Diesel engine with electric storage through a lithium ion battery pack. The use of a 1.9-litre Diesel instead of the typical 7.0-litre engine in a traditional bus demonstrates the possible advantages of serial hybrids in extremely traffic-dense environments. Based on a London test cycle, a reduction in CO2 emissions of 31% and fuel savings in the range of 40% have been demonstrated, compared with a "Euro-4" compliant bus. Former hybrid bus manufacturers ISE Corporation ThunderVolt (filed for bankruptcy in 2010) Azure Dynamics (filed for bankruptcy in 2012) Conversions Hybrid Electric Vehicle Technologies (HEVT) makes conversions of new and used vehicles (aftermarket and retrofit conversions), from combustion buses and conventional hybrid electric buses into plug-in buses. List of transit authorities using hybrid electric buses Transit authorities that use hybrid electric buses: North America United States Federal funding generally comes from the federal Diesel Emissions Reduction Act. ABQ RIDE (Albuquerque, New Mexico) Ann Arbor Area Transportation Authority (AAATA) (Ann Arbor, Michigan) Autoridad Metropolitana de Autobuses (San Juan, Puerto Rico) Baltimore, Maryland Bee-Line Bus System (Westchester County, New York) Berks Area Reading Transportation Authority (Berks County, Pennsylvania) Bloomington Transit (Bloomington, Indiana) Broome County Transit (Broome County, New York) Broward County Transit (Broward County, Florida) Capital Area Transportation Authority (Lansing, Michigan) Capital District Transportation Authority (Albany, New York) Central New York Regional Transportation Authority (Syracuse, New York) Charlotte Area Transit System (Charlotte, North Carolina) Chatham Area Transit (Savannah, Georgia) Chicago Transit Authority Citibus (Lubbock, Texas) Central Ohio Transit Authority (Columbus, Ohio) Clarksville Transit System (CTS) (Clarksville, Tennessee) Community Transit (Snohomish County, Washington) C-Tran (Vancouver, Washington) Citilink (Fort Wayne, Indiana) Cache Valley Transit District (Logan, Utah) DART First State (Delaware) Durham Area Transit Authority (Durham, North Carolina) Eureka Transit Service (Eureka, California) GoRaleigh (formerly Capital Area Transit) (Raleigh, North Carolina) Greater Lafayette Public Transportation Corporation (Lafayette, IN and West Lafayette, IN) Greater Lynchburg Transit Company (Lynchburg, VA) Greenville Area Transit (Greenville, North Carolina) Hillsborough Area Regional Transit (Hillsborough County, Florida) Howard Transit, (Howard County, Maryland) IndyGo (Indianapolis, Indiana) Jacksonville Transportation Authority Kanawha Valley Regional Transportation Authority Kansas City Area Transportation Authority King County Metro Transit Authority (Seattle, Washington) Lane Transit District (Lane County, Oregon) Long Beach Transit (Long Beach, California) LACMTA (Los Angeles, California) LANta (Lehigh Valley, Pennsylvania) Madison Metro Transit (Wisconsin) Manatee County Area Transit (Manatee County, Florida) Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (Boston, MA) MATA (Memphis, Tennessee) MATBUS – Metro Area Transit (Fargo, ND – Moorhead, MN) Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County, Texas (Houston, Texas) Minneapolis-Saint Paul Metro Transit MTA Maryland (Baltimore, Maryland) Nashville Metropolitan Transit Authority New York City Transit Authority Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority (Buffalo, New York) North County Transit District (North San Diego County, California) Orange County Transportation Authority (Orange County, California) Pioneer Valley Transit Authority (Springfield, Massachusetts) Port Authority of Allegheny County (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) Regional Transportation Commission of Southern Nevada/Citizens Area Transit (Las Vegas, Nevada) Rhode Island Public Transit Authority (Providence, Rhode Island). 1 gas and 1 diesel for testing use only; diesel was converted gas was hybrid from factory. Roaring Fork Transportation Authority (Aspen, Colorado) San Diego Metropolitan Transit System/San Diego Transit (San Diego, California) San Francisco MUNI (San Francisco, California) San Joaquin Regional Transit District (Stockton, California) Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority - VTA (Santa Clara County, California) Santa Rosa CityBus (Santa Rosa, California) Sarasota County Area Transit (Sarasota County, Florida) Sound Transit (Puget Sound region, Washington) Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) Southwest Ohio Regional Transit Authority (Cincinnati, Ohio) Spokane Transit Authority (Spokane, Washington) TCAT (Ithaca, NY) TheBus (Honolulu, Hawaii) The Rapid The Interurban Transit Partnership Grand Rapids, Michigan *Has 5 vehicles used in fixed route service. TriMet (Portland, Oregon): two vehicles University of Michigan parking and transportation services (Ann Arbor, Michigan) Utah Transit Authority (Salt Lake City, Utah) Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority Canada Transit Windsor (Windsor, Ontario) Edmonton Transit System (Edmonton, Alberta) Hamilton Street Railway (Hamilton, Ontario) OC Transpo (Ottawa, Ontario) RTC (Quebec City, Quebec) RTL (Longueuil, Quebec) Saskatoon Transit, Saskatchewan STL (Laval, Quebec) STL (Lévis, Quebec) STM (Montreal, Quebec) STO (Gatineau, Quebec) STS (Sherbrooke, Quebec) St. Catharines Transit Commission (St. Catharines, Ontario) Toronto Transit Commission buses [673 out of 2137 regular buses are hybrid as of 2020] Coast Mountain Bus Company (Vancouver, British Columbia) BC Transit (Kelowna and Victoria). GRT (Waterloo, Ontario) [currently 6 out of 218 buses in service are hybrid] London Transit Commission (London, Ontario) Strathcona County Transit (Strathcona County, Alberta) [as of 2014, 10 Nova Bus LFS HEV diesel-electric hybrid buses remain in service] Halifax Transit, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Currently owns two hybrid-electric buses. Lethbridge Transit, Lethbridge, Alberta. 11 out of 42 buses are hybrid. Asia China Beijing Public Transport Kunming Bus Shenzhen Bus Group Shenzhen Eastern Bus Shenzhen Western Bus Jinan Bus Zhengzhou Bus Group Hong Kong Citybus New World First Bus Kowloon Motor Bus India Delhi Multi-Module Transit Mumbai BEST CNG-Hybrid Iran Vehicle, Fuel and Environment Research Institute (VFERI) Pakistan TransP esh Greenline, Karachi awar Japan Marunouchi Shuttle etc. Philippines Green Frog Hybrid Buses Singapore SBS Transit SMRT Buses Tower Transit Singapore Thailand BMTA Europe Belarus Minsk Slutsk Germany Dresden Hagen Lübeck Munich Nuremberg Hungary Budapest – The fleet consists of 28 Volvo 7900A Hybrid (articulated). Kecskemét – The fleet consists of 20 Mercedes-Benz Citaro G BlueTec®-Hybrid (articulated). Norway Nettbuss, Hamar Ruter, Oslo Nettbuss, Trondheim Nettbuss, Arendal Nobina, Tromsø Vestviken Kollektivtrafikk, Vestfold. Scania Citywide. Romania STB, Bucharest – The fleet consists of 130 Mercedes-Benz Citaro Hybrid. UK The Green Bus Fund is a fund which is supporting bus companies and local authorities in the UK to help them buy new electric buses. London Buses, London. This is the largest fleet in the UK, with around 2,300 vehicles in use. National Express West Midlands, Birmingham – 18 currently, 21 more planned Stagecoach, Manchester, Oxford, Sheffield, Newcastle Oxford Bus Company, Oxfordshire – 52 currently FirstGroup, Bath, Somerset, Bristol, Manchester Metroshuttle, Leeds, Essex Reading Buses Lothian Buses Cumfybus, Merseyside Brighton & Hove Stagecoach East Scotland, Aberdeen Arriva Yorkshire, from April 2013 Spain Barcelona (MAN Lion's City Hybrid) Empresa Municipal de Transportes, Madrid Figueres, within the electric bus Project, IDAE Sweden Jönköpings Länstrafik, Jönköping. MAN Lion's City Hybrid. Göteborgs Spårvägar, Gothenburg. Volvo 7700 Hybrid. Storstockholms Lokaltrafik, Stockholm. MAN Lion's City Hybrid. Other European countries Ljubljanski potniški promet (5 Kutsenits Hydra City II/III Hybrid's), Ljubljana, Slovenia Paris: RATP is using a hybrid electric bus outfitted with ultracapacitors; the model used is the MAN Lion's City Hybrid. Milan, Italy Team Trafikk, Trondheim, Norway, with 10 Volvo B5L Vienna, Austria PostAuto, Switzerland: one vehicle is being tested since April 2010; the test will continue for three years. Warsaw, Poland, 4 Solaris hybrid (combustion-electric) buses Luxemburg (Sales-Lentz, Emile Weber and AVL) Belgium / Flanders (De Lijn) Belgium / Wallonia (TEC): 90 Volvo 7900H (plug-in hybrid) + 208 solaris (combustion-electric) ordered in 2016Q4 Other countries Egypt IMUT: http://www.i-mut.net/en/about-us. Buenos Aires, Argentina Christchurch, New Zealand Curitiba, Brazil Mexico City, Mexico (Metrobús Line 4) Bogotá, Colombia See also Battery electric bus Diesel electric Electric bus Electric-vehicle battery Global Hybrid Cooperation List of buses Solar bus Trolleybus References External links The Plug-in Hybrid Electric School Bus Project Plug-in hybrid vehicles
Royston is an unincorporated community that is part of the greater Comox Valley region, 100 km northwest of Nanaimo on Vancouver Island, in British Columbia, Canada. With a population of just over 1,500, it is next to the Trent River, across the harbour from Comox, and lies on the southeast municipal boundary of Courtenay. History Royston was the major port for the Comox Valley logging industry throughout the 20th century. Logs were shipped here by rail, boomed in the harbour, then towed across to the B.C. Mainland to be made into lumber. William Roy and his family settled the area in 1890, collaborating with a real estate promoter named Frederick Warren to lay out a townsite that they named Royston. The settlement could have been named as "Roy's Town" but could also have been named after Warren's home town of Royston in Hertfordshire - or both. Early settler William Roy was one of the first to clear land in Royston. Originally from Scotland, William came from Westville, Nova Scotia arriving in the Comox district in 1890. Although he was bound for Cumberland, on the ship that brought him up from Nanaimo he met James Dunsmuir. Dunsmuir owned large tracts of land and invited Roy to look around for an area he might like to buy. Roy decided on beach property that would now straddle both sides of Royston Road on the east side of the Island Highway and north of the Trent River. Roy with a real estate promoter named Frederick Warren created village lots in 1910. By 1912 Royston had 30 settlers. A rail line between Royston and Cumberland provided easy daily travel between the two settlements from 1914 to 1930. This service lead several Cumberland residents to build summer homes at Royston and Gartley beach on the south side of the Trent River. Squatters moved into the area between Gartley beach and Millard Creek (now part of Courtenay) during the hard times of the 1912-1914 Cumberland mine workers strike. Royston Imperial Pavilion was built in 1918 and covered in 1925. There was one single and four double tennis courts on the Royston waterfront that hosted numerous community events. As the orchestra warmed up for a summer evening dance in 1940 an electrical fire broke out bringing the pavilion to the ground in minutes, never to be replaced. The Royston Community Club purchased the machine shop at the corner of the Island Highway and Royston Road in 1952 for a community hall. The building is now nearly 100 years old having been constructed in 1925. Waterfront Oil Tanks & Wharf Shell and Imperial Oil took over the government wharf in 1940. The Royston wharf handled a heavy tonnage in oil products through the years. Initially barrels of oil were rolled to shore on the wharf. Fuel was later pumped from barges to tanks on the Royston waterfront. Oil tanks were located on the northwest corner of Royston Road and Marine Drive from 1916 until 1997. The wharf head was 12m x 30m (40 x 100 ft) with an approach that was just 1.1 m (3.6 ft) wide but 400 m (1,320 ft) long. The viewing stand at the end of Royston Road is built with timbers and decking from the wharf which was removed in 2003. References History of Royston. by Jean Feely and Margery Corrigall. Published by the Royston Centennial Committee. Undated. A Garden for Life: Mary Greig & the Royston Rhododendrons by Judith Walker. Published May 2015. Watershed Moments: A Pictorial History of Courtenay and District by Christine Dickinson & Deborah Griffiths & Judy Hagen & Catherine Siba. October 2015 Unincorporated settlements in British Columbia Populated places in the Comox Valley Regional District Designated places in British Columbia
```java /* * Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be * found in the LICENSE file. */ package io.flutter.editor; import com.intellij.openapi.module.Module; import com.intellij.openapi.project.Project; import com.intellij.openapi.vfs.VirtualFile; import com.intellij.projectImport.ProjectOpenProcessor; import com.intellij.ui.EditorNotifications; import io.flutter.FlutterUtils; //import io.flutter.project.FlutterProjectCreator; import io.flutter.project.FlutterProjectOpenProcessor; import io.flutter.pub.PubRoot; import io.flutter.utils.FlutterModuleUtils; import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull; import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable; public class FlutterStudioProjectOpenProcessor extends FlutterProjectOpenProcessor { @Override public String getName() { return "Flutter Studio"; } @Override public boolean canOpenProject(@Nullable VirtualFile file) { if (file == null) return false; final PubRoot root = PubRoot.forDirectory(file); return root != null && root.declaresFlutter(); } @Nullable @Override public Project doOpenProject(@NotNull VirtualFile virtualFile, @Nullable Project projectToClose, boolean forceOpenInNewFrame) { final ProjectOpenProcessor importProvider = getDelegateImportProvider(virtualFile); if (importProvider == null) return null; importProvider.doOpenProject(virtualFile, projectToClose, forceOpenInNewFrame); // A callback may have caused the project to be reloaded. Find the new Project object. Project project = FlutterUtils.findProject(virtualFile.getPath()); if (project == null \|\| project.isDisposed()) { return project; } for (Module module : FlutterModuleUtils.getModules(project)) { if (FlutterModuleUtils.declaresFlutter(module) && !FlutterModuleUtils.isFlutterModule(module)) { FlutterModuleUtils.setFlutterModuleType(module); FlutterModuleUtils.enableDartSDK(module); } } project.save(); EditorNotifications.getInstance(project).updateAllNotifications(); //FlutterProjectCreator.disableUserConfig(project); return project; } } ```
is a retired Japanese professional Nippon Professional Baseball player. Biography Early years Shuta Tanaka was born in Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan and lived there until his elementary school days. He moved to Kitakyushu, Fukuoka because his father Hisayuki became the manager of Nissan Kyushu Baseball Team. Then he entered Kumamoto Technical High School, thus there are biographical notes in the players list which shows that he is from Kumamoto. He played in the 66th National High School Baseball Invitational Tournament held in 1994, then was drafted by the Hanshin Tigers at 3rd. Professional career Shuta played for the Hanshin Tigers until 2009. He recorded 200 hits of 871 at bats (average.233) and batted in 52 runs. He could not play in the major level in 2009 and announced on September 18 that he decided to retire the player in August with consultations with his family and Atsushi Kataoka. His last play was the Western League game against the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks at Hanshin Koshien Stadium on September 23, in which he got 2 hits. Over 7,000 specters attended to see his last play. After retiring he is a scout in the Kyushu region for the Hanshin Tigers. External links 1977 births Baseball people from Yokohama Gulf Coast Tigers players Hanshin Tigers players Japanese baseball coaches Japanese expatriate baseball players in the United States Living people Nippon Professional Baseball coaches Nippon Professional Baseball infielders
Nikita Gill is a British-Indian poet, playwright, writer and illustrator based in south England. She has written and curated eight volumes of poetry. Gill uses social media to engage her audience and she has over 650,000 followers on Instagram, one of the most popular poets on the platform. Life Gill was born in Belfast to Indian parents who had been living in Ireland. She has Irish citizenship and Overseas Citizenship of India. Her father was in the merchant navy. The family moved to New Delhi when Gill was six, and she grew up and was educated there. Gill studied design at university in New Delhi, and she completed a master's degree at the University for the Creative Arts. She worked as a cleaner and a care-giver after her education. Work Gill's work was first published when she was 12 years old. Gill has published eight volumes of poetry, including Your Soul Is A River (2016), Wild Embers: Poems of rebellion, fire and beauty (2017), Fierce Fairytales: & Other Stories to Stir Your Soul (2018), Great Goddesses: Life lessons from myths and monsters (2019), Your Heart Is The Sea (2019), The Girl and the Goddess (2020), Where Hope Comes From: Poems of Resilience, Healing, and Light (2021), and These Are the Words: fearless verse to find your voice (2022). Her work offers reflections on love, and feminist re-tellings of fairy tales and Greek myths. She has been inspired by the works of Sylvia Plath, Maya Angelou and Robert Frost. She wrote and performed her debut work for the stage, Maidens, Myths, and Monsters. She is an ambassador for National Poetry Day. Gill has appeared on the BBC, contributing to Woman's Hour on Radio Four, Free Thinking on Radio Three, and BBC Asian Network. Personal life Gill is openly bisexual. See also Instapoetry References External links TedX Profile: http://tedxlondon.com/attend/TEDxLondonWomen2019/speakers/NikitaGill Alumni of the University for the Creative Arts 21st-century poets from Northern Ireland 21st-century women writers from Northern Ireland British writers of Indian descent Instagram poets Living people Year of birth missing (living people) English LGBT poets
Copper Coast Highway is a highway in South Australia which branches off from the Augusta and Port Wakefield Highways 2 km north of Port Wakefield, and heads northwest across the top of Yorke Peninsula to Kadina, ending at the Spencer Gulf town of Wallaroo. Improvements In 2016, the state government proposed to restructure the intersection on the Copper Coast Highway at the north end of the Yorke Highway to provide a large roundabout instead of Yorke Highway terminating at a tee-junction. The roundabout is intended to reduce delays at the end of holiday periods when many people try to drive back towards Adelaide at the same time, and will permit road trains to operate between Port Wakefield and Ardrossan which had previously not been permitted due to limitations of that intersection. Subsidiary works improved the Yorke Highway north of Ardrossan with a widened bridge, sealed shoulders and overtaking lanes. Road trains up to were previously permitted to operate on the Augusta Highway through Port Wakefield north towards Port Pirie and beyond, and from Ardrossan south to Port Giles, but were not permitted to operate north of Ardrossan to the Augusta Highway, limiting the capacity to transport grain or minerals. Work commenced on the roundabout in October 2017 and it was completed in January 2018. A proposal by the Liberal Party of Australia before the 2018 state election was that if it was elected it would build a single lane overpass at the Port Wakefield end of the Copper Coast Highway to reduce traffic conflicts. The party won the election and upgraded the planning to completely grade-separate the intersection. The contract for detailed design and construction of duplication of the highway through Port Wakefield and a grade-separated intersection with the Augusta and Port Wakefield Highways was let in March 2020 to the Port Wakefield to Port Augusta Alliance (a consortium of CPB Contractors, Aurecon and GHD Group, also responsible for the duplication of Joy Baluch AM Bridge in Port Augusta), with the government announcing an overpass for the intersection with the Augusta and Port Wakefield Highways in 2021. Project construction commenced in late 2020, with completion expected in 2022; the overpass opened in December 2021, four months ahead of schedule. Major intersections and towns References Yorke Peninsula Highways in South Australia
Mount Tabor is an unincorporated community in Adams County, Pennsylvania, United States. Mount Tabor is located in Menallen Township off Pennsylvania Route 34 and is approximately west of Idaville. References Unincorporated communities in Pennsylvania Unincorporated communities in Adams County, Pennsylvania
4, 5 and 6 is a studio album by saxophonist Jackie McLean recorded for Prestige Records. It was recorded in 1956 and originally released that year as PRLP 7048. In 1962, the album was reissued under the same title on the Prestige sub-label New Jazz Records as NJ 8279 with a different cover. The album was reissued on CD in 1991. It features McLean in a quartet with pianist Mal Waldron, bassist Doug Watkins and drummer Art Taylor. Trumpeter Donald Byrd guests on three tracks, and tenor saxophonist Hank Mobley on one. Track listing Recorded on July 13 (#1–3) and 20 (#4–6), 1956. Personnel Jackie McLean – alto sax Hank Mobley – tenor sax (#4 only) Donald Byrd – trumpet (#3, 4, 6 only) Mal Waldron – piano Doug Watkins – bass Art Taylor – drums References 1956 albums Jackie McLean albums Albums produced by Bob Weinstock Prestige Records albums Albums recorded at Van Gelder Studio Albums recorded in a home studio
Melbourne Knights FC is an Australian semi-professional soccer club based in the Melbourne suburb of Sunshine North. It was founded in 1953, and has had extensive success in its history, with the club's peak coming in the mid-1990s when it was crowned Australian champions, winning back-to-back National Soccer League titles. . Club foundation The initial foundations of the club were set down in 1952 by a small group of Croatian immigrants who met at the home of Hinko Durakovic at 7 Leeds Street in the western suburb of Footscray to discuss the formation of a Croatian soccer club. The founders of the club were Perica Filipovic (the first President of the club), Ivica Matosevic, Tonika Durakovic, Drago Jukic and Hinko Durakovic. The club was given the name SC Croatia and from the very beginning it was decided the club's colours would be the tri-colours of the Croatian flag (which continues to this day); red jerseys, white shorts and blue socks. An initial difficulty in fielding teams led SC Croatia to recruit players from various suburbs across Melbourne, as well as from outside the city in Geelong and even the Bonegilla Migrant Reception and Training Centre in north-eastern Victoria. The club went as far as to meet arriving boats of immigrants at ports in Melbourne and Geelong to recruit players. Despite these initial difficulties the club quickly became successful, making its playing debut on 10 April 1953. In 1954 the club became an affiliate of the state's governing body Victorian Amateur Soccer Football Association, which saw SC Croatia join and compete in a league competition for the first time that same year in the newly created Victorian Provisional League (a league for amateur clubs). The club's opening match took place on 1 May 1954 against BWR, which finished 3-3. The club's first win coming the week after on 8 May, with a 4–1 victory over Box Hill. It was a successful debut year for the club as they finished second, four points behind the league champions South Yarra. Also in 1954 SC Croatia participated in its first Dockerty Cup, the young club was knocked out in the opening round losing to Yallourn 12–1. The early years In 1957 after the conclusion of the season SC Croatia led by Joe Radojevic shifted its base to Geelong, where it would remain until 1962, which had become a hub for the Croatian community. SC Croatia amalgamated with the Croatia club of Geelong which had been founded in 1954. For those years in Geelong the club's home ground was initially at Separation Street in North Geelong before making the move to Corio Oval. SC Croatia quickly moved up the state divisions, and by 1959 they were in Division 1 just outside the premier competition of the State League. The club's first title came in 1959, winning the Division 1 championship over Preston on goal difference. That season included SC Croatia's club record 29–1 victory over Brunswick, one of the highest scores ever recorded in a senior Australian football match. With three rounds to go in the season Preston led the league by a point from the second place Lions and two points ahead of SC Croatia in third. SC Croatia had to win all of the three remaining games to take the title, which included two matches against the Lions. SC Croatia was successful as it won the 3 matches, defeating the Lions 3-0 and 3–1 to clinch the title by a point over Preston. That year SC Croatia also made the 5th round of the Dockerty Cup, the furthest the club had been in the competition up until that point. Controversy embroiled the league in its post-season, which saw SC Croatia stripped of its Division 1 title after a successful appeal by the second placed Preston to overturn a result earlier in the season in their match against the Lions. The title was handed to Preston, whom gained promotion to the Victorian State League. It was a bitter blow to the club, made worse by the fact the club was only informed they would not be competing in the Victorian Soccer League a month before the start of the 1960 season. The Preston club having not expected to be participating in the top league and was not prepared for the move, having lost the bulk of its squad. In an act of desperation the president of the Preston club contacted the president of SC Croatia, Joe Radojevic, to merge the two clubs. This was a move not supported by many at SC Croatia, so a vote was taken by the committee. The vote was very close, going just in favour of not merging. But unknown to members of the committee Joe Radojevic had already arranged the merger with the Federation and had 8 SC Croatia players transferred to the Preston club. Radojevic had also hoped to sell the club's Division 1 spot to Makedonia. This decision was met with much anger and caused a split within the club, seeing SC Croatia remain in Geelong playing in Division 1, while Radojevic's breakaway faction played in Melbourne under the name of Preston Croat (a name officially adopted in 1961) in the Victorian State League. So for the next three seasons (1960–1962) the two clubs remained separate entities. SC Croatia, following the split, having lost the bulk of its squad merged with the Zagreb club from Geelong (founded in 1958) allowing it to be able to field a side for the season. Despite the controversy of the split, the club's initial years of the 1950s had proven to be overwhelmingly successful, with the club finishing in the top 2 on five occasions in its first 6 seasons. The 1950s saw the club have its highest points per game ratio of any decade in its history (2.16 points per game), and an impressive 68% win ratio. Preston Croat's inaugural State League season in 1960 ended with the club finishing 2nd to last and relegated to Division 1. In the 1961 season they were undefeated in pursuit of the Division 1 South title and promoted to the top flight for next season. SC Croatia would finish 3rd and only 3 points behind Preston Croat and fail to promote. The 1961 season ended would bring turmoil to the Victorian soccer landscape. VASFA was faced with opposition to how the league was run, and the 12 State League clubs (now with Preston Croat among them) decided to breakaway and join the rebel Victorian Soccer Federation although many clubs playing below the State League, including SC Croatia, initially sided with the VASFA. Preston Croat poach players from SC Croatia; the VSF proved to be a more attractive set-up for players. By February 1962 the VSF gain control of the sport in Victoria when VASFA collapsed and disbanded. All VASFA clubs in Victoria then joined the VSF. The 1962 State League season proved to be difficult for Preston Croat, the club avoided relegation by 2 points. The pre-season 1962 Ampol Cup results gave Preston Croat promise when it made the semi-finals. That year saw Preston Croat goalkeeper Ilija Djukic become the club's first representative player, as he was selected in the Victorian state team squad to take on South Australia. SC Croatia on the other hand in 1962 took out the Division 1 title comfortably, winning 19 of its 22 matches. That amazing season saw the debut of club legend Billy Vojtek at the young age of 18. Vojtek had an incredible debut season for SC Croatia as he took out both the club's top goal-scorer and player of year honours. The 1962 season also saw SC Croatia move back to Melbourne, playing out of Tracey's Speedway in Maribyrnong. With both clubs set to compete in the State League in 1963 factions at both clubs saw it as an opportunity for the two clubs to finally re-unite. Many at SC Croatia were still angry over the 1960 incident, but eventually terms were agreed to and the two clubs re-united under the banner of SC Croatia. Despite the high expectations within the Croatian community the club finished a disappointing 11th in its inaugural season as a re-united side in the State League, being relegated back to Division 1. The highlight of the disappointing year was SC Croatia making the semi-finals of the Dockerty Cup. At the conclusion of the 1963 season SC Croatia president Enver Begovic and the President of Richmond Allemania took legal action against the VSF, arguing that the decision to relegate their respective clubs was unconstitutional. The courts decision went against the two clubs, seeing both relegated. SC Croatia would quickly return to the State League for the 1965 season after once more winning the Division 1 title in 1964, they lost only one match that season. SC Croatia clinched the 1964 title on the final day against Preston Makedonia. In the lead-up to the pivotal game the team manager Frank Burin travelled to Sydney and arranged for six players from Sydney Croatia to play in the one-off match. Unfortunately the clearance for the players failed to come through on time, though in the end it would not matter in the outcome. SC Croatia and Makedonia went into the match on equal points, in the thrilling match SC Croatia came out on top defeating Makedonia 3–1 in front of 4,000 people at a ground in Port Melbourne. Goals came from Billy Vojtek with a double, and Horst Rau. Notably Northern Irishman Ollie Norris joined the club for the 1964 season. During the 1950s Norris had played in the English Division 1 (now Premier League) with Middlesbrough, and was part of the giant killing AFC Bournemouth team of 1957 which made the quarter-finals of the FA Cup. Norris was the most high-profile player SC Croatia had up until this point in the club's history. Many of the early club legends of SC Croatia played and began their careers during this initial era of the club, the most prominent of these individuals being Bozo Bašić, Frank Bot, Billy Vojtek, Jim Vojtek, Mirko Kovaček and Horst Rau. A Victorian powerhouse 1965-1972 With SC Croatia's return to the State League in 1965 the club would cement itself as one of the states most powerful sides under the guidance, for the most part, of long-time coach Mijo Kis. Between 1965 and 1972, SC Croatia finished in the top 4 five times and won 9 titles. In its three previous seasons in the State League the club had struggled and the 1965 season looked like this would continue with SC Croatia losing 6 of its first 9 matches of the season as relegation was being faced once more. The club president at the time Enver Begović reacted by spending over 5000 pounds to bring in players such as Scottish international Duncan MacKay, Brian Adlam, Hammy McMeechan (who was bought for a then Victorian record transfer fee of 1200 pounds from Slavia), Bill McLyntyre, Joe Keenan, Bobby McLachlan and Ian Currie. The club went to great lengths to bring in these players, sending Frank Burin to Scotland to sign the majority of the newcomers. These incredible signings saw the club dubbed the 'Glamour Team' of the State League. In the final 13 matches of the season the club won 10 of the matches and had the best record, picking up the most points, of any team in the State League over that period. They even defeated the top 3 sides, South Melbourne SC, Sunshine George Cross and Brunswick Juventus. Despite all this the club finished 6th as the damage at the start of the season was too much to overcome. Croatia also made the final of the Dockerty Cup for the first time, losing 1–0 to Slavia. They defeated their arch rivals Footscray JUST 2–1 in the semi-final. In the 1966 season, SC Croatia strengthened its already powerful side, bringing in Jimmy Mackay and Bill MacArthur. The club continued its great form from the second half of the previous season. With 3 games remaining SC Croatia was sitting in 3rd spot, only 2 points behind the first placed South Melbourne SC. Unfortunately SC Croatia crumbled under the pressure, losing all 3 matches to finish fifth and just miss out on the top 4 qualification for the Australia Cup. That year also saw the club when its first cup title as the Reserves side won the Armstrong Cup, defeating rivals Footscray JUST in the final. In 1967 SC Croatia found itself well off the pace after Round 10, sitting in 7th position. But the final 12 matches of the season saw the club rally as it went on an impressive run that saw it only lose 2 of those remaining 12 matches as they climbed all the way up to 3rd spot, its highest league finish. This first ever top 4 finish saw SC Croatia qualify for the prestigious Australia Cup, a national knock-out soccer tournament featuring the 16 best clubs in the country. SC Croatia won its opening round match 2–0 away to West Adelaide Hellas at Hindmarsh Stadium. SC Croatia was eventually knocked out in the quarter-finals, losing against Brunswick Juventus. In 1968 all the hard work of previous years finally paid off with what was the high point of this era, when SC Croatia won its first Victorian State League championship. Under the captaincy of Horst Rau (the club's longest serving captain) SC Croatia was dominant winning 15 of its 22 matches, and finishing 7 points clear of the second place Polonia. The club had finally lived up to its tag as the 'Glamour Team'. It was a remarkable achievement particularly given that the club was sitting in 5th position by Round 10, a massive 5 points behind the league leaders at the time Hakoah Melbourne. From that point onwards SC Croatia went undefeated for the rest of the season, winning 10 of the final 12 matches of the season. 1968 also saw SC Croatia win the prestigious Dockerty Cup (defeating South Melbourne 1–0 in the final in front of 18,000 people at Olympic Park), as well as the Ampol Cup to complete a remarkable treble. SC Croatia is one of only two sides to ever achieve that treble, the other being Green Gully in 1981. SC Croatia also went on to narrowly lose the Inter City Cup to Hakoah Eastern Suburbs of Sydney 3–2 at Olympic Park. Finally in 1968 SC Croatia competed in its second Australia Cup in what would be the last tournament staged. In the opening round SC Croatia faced Adelaide Juventus at Olympic Park, winning 3–1. The club's run would end in the quarter-finals, losing to eventual tournament Runner-Up Hakoah Melbourne. In the end 1968 proved to be an outstanding season where SC Croatia truly came of age, cementing itself as one of the most powerful clubs in the country. Following the completion of the 1968 season, SC Croatia was part of a consortium of 9 clubs (Melbourne sides Hakoah, Hellas and George Cross, Sydney sides APIA, Prague, Hakoah, Sydney Croatia and Pan Hellenic) from both Victoria and NSW that announced their intention to organize a 12 team national league to begin in 1969. The proposed league did not eventuate. The following two seasons of 1969 and 1970, while not being as successful as the landmark season of 1968, saw the club continue to consolidate its position as one of Australia's strongest sides despite the loss of key figures from the 1968 side such as Hammy McMeechan, Alfred Glaser, Tommy Friganovic and Robert Symington. SC Croatia finished a respectable 4th in both 1969 and 1970, qualifying for the top 4 State League Cup in both seasons. Croatia also had success in cup competitions in 1969, in the pre-season Ampol Cup SC Croatia lost in the final to South Melbourne Hellas 2–1 in front of 15,000 fans at Olympic Park. While the club would go on to defend its Dockerty Cup title in 1969 defeating Brunswick Juventus 3–1 in the Final. The back-to-back Dockerty titles were an achievement that at that time had not been achieved by their more fancied and bitter rivals Footscray JUST and South Melbourne Hellas. The 1970 State League season saw an exciting finish in the closing stages for SC Croatia. The final spot in the top 4 cup series was up for grabs between the club and South Melbourne Hellas. With only two matches remaining SC Croatia was in 4th spot on 26 points, while Hellas was in 5th on 24 points. Both the remaining matches would see SC Croatia play Hellas, this was due to the earlier encounter in the season being postponed. Due to Croatia's superior goal difference, Croatia would only need to gain a draw in one of the matches to clinch the top 4 spot. The first clash was contested mid-week and it proved to be a remarkable match which saw Hellas leading 3-1 early in the second half. Croatia bravely fought back, equalising on the 80th minute through Bill McLyntyre to see the match finish 3-3 and ensure a top 4 spot. 1971 was a year that proved to be another highlight for the club. Before the start of the season the club showed itself to be the firm favourites by taking out the Victorian Ampol Cup, defeating bitter rivals Footscray JUST 5–1 in the final. The club took this form into the State League season, after round 15 SC Croatia was equal first along with Footscray JUST. Both sides dominated the competition; SC Croatia had won 11 of those matches and lost only 2. But the club capitulated in the final 7 rounds, picking up only 3 points to finish 3rd behind Footscray JUST and South Melbourne Hellas. But SC Croatia got its revenge and proved it was the best side in Victoria by winning the State League Cup, a tournament played at the end of the season featuring the top four sides in the State League. This was very much like the playoffs system but it did not count as an official league championship at the time. SC Croatia defeated South Melbourne SC 3–2 in the Grand Final at Olympic Park. 1971 also saw SC Croatia qualify for the Inter City Cup final, which was a match that took place between the respective Victorian and New South Wales Ampol Cup champions. This at the time was the only national club title available. SC Croatia won the Inter City Cup defeating Western Suburbs of Sydney over two legs. The first leg in Melbourne ended in a 1–1 draw, but SC Croatia won the second leg in Sydney, defeating Western Suburbs 3–1 with a hat-trick from Bill McLyntyre. The win saw SC Croatia hold the unofficial mantle as the best club in the country. They again made the Inter City Cup final the following year, but lost to St George Budapest. SC Croatia lost 4–1 in Sydney and 1–0 in Melbourne. The strength of the club during this period was particularly shown by a number of its players representing Australia in international football. The first came in 1965 with Hammy McMeechan becoming the club's first international representative. In 1967 Billy Vojtek would follow, becoming the first player of Croatian heritage to play for Australia. In 1970 Jimmy Mackay would become another SC Croatia player to wear the Green and Gold, he became an integral part of Australia's side that went to the 1974 World Cup. Other notable players during this era included Scottish international Duncan Mackay, Bill McLyntyre, Brian Adlam, Hugh Gunn, Bill McArthur, Frank Bot, Ante Kuželek, Bobby McLachlan, Mirko Kovaček, Welsh international Peter Davies (who joined in the side in 1968) and there was even a short stint from Yugoslavian international Stjepan Lamza during the 1972 season. Expulsion 1972 would be a dark year in SC Croatia's history. On 30 July 1972 SC Croatia played Hakoah at Olympic Park in Round 19 of the VPL. The match was abandoned after the 62-minute mark after SC Croatia supporters invaded the pitch, attacking the match officials following the sending off of SC Croatia player Hugh Gunn. At the VSF Tribunal SC Croatia was found guilty of having failed to control its spectators, the club had its membership with the VSF revoked which saw it disqualified from all competitions for life. The club appealed the decision and the ban was reduced to the end of the season. It was the first time such a ruling had been handed down in Australian football, the decision saw the club forfeit its final three matches of the season. Before the Hakoah match SC Croatia was sitting in 5th spot, still a chance of making the top 4 State League Cup. SC Croatia felt it had been victimised, with the decision having more to do with politics as accusations of interference were made against Tony Kovac the president of bitter rivals Footscray JUST. The VSF as part of their ruling allowed for SC Croatia to apply for re-admission into the VSF after the conclusion of the season, and on 22 August the club sent in their application. After reviewing the application the VSF rejected it, causing further anger within the Croatian community. As a consequence the club chose to go down the legal avenue taking the VSF to the Supreme Court of Victoria in 1973, but the club would end up losing the case. Throughout 1973 the club held weekly meetings despite having no side competing, also a SC Croatia old-boys team played friendly matches against local sides. In 1974 club members chose to go down a different path to bring the club back, they set their sights on a take-over of the financially struggling Division 1 club Essendon Lions (a Ukrainian backed club). The first step occurred with the appointment of the influential SC Croatia figure Tony Vrzina as coach of the Essendon Lions late in the 1974 season, rescuing the club from relegation. With the completion of the season a total take-over of the club took place, with Croatia paying $25,000 to the Lions to take control of the club and the facilities at Montgomery Park in Essendon. By the beginning of the 1975 season Tony Vrzina had become president of the club and Duje Zemunik was appointed coach, after Billy McArthur resigned. The club would become known as Essendon Croatia, though they would continue to play under the Lions name until 1978 when the name was officially changed to Essendon Croatia. Essendon Croatia's time in Division 1 did not see much success for the club, with the most successful season coming in 1976 when the club finished 3rd. That year the club also made the semi-finals of the Dockerty Cup where they lost to Polonia. The club's time in Division 1 was marked by re-building, the drop and eventual take over of Essendon Lions saw most of the club's previous State League players leave. But none-the-less the club continued to soldier on. In 1974 the club staged the first 'unofficial' Australian-Croatian Soccer Tournament at Montgomery Park with 6 clubs competing; this was a precursor to the official tournament which would take place the following year. Also the club's youth system was producing great young talent during this time that would go on to have a deep influence on Australian football, namely Eddie Krnčević and Branko Čulina. This culminated in the club's Reserve side winning the Division 1 Reserves Championship in 1976. Also during this time the club lost none of its ambition, shown in 1976 with the signings of high-profile State League players such as Nick Kuzmamov, goalkeeper John Kennedy, Ivan Gruicic and the legendary John Gardiner from the George Cross for a then record fee of $6,000. The return 1977-1983 1977 saw the creation of the National Soccer League, four sides from Victoria entered the NSL. This exodus from the State League allowed the return of Essendon Croatia to the top flight of Victorian football after a 4-year absence. 1977 saw the club's favourite son, Billy Vojtek, return to Essendon Croatia to help them get back to the top. The club's first season back was marked by mixed results. The club started the season as one of the favourites after having won the pre-season Ampol Cup, it was the first and only time that a newly promoted side had lifted the trophy. But early season player losses to NSL clubs, Ivan Gruičić to Canberra City FC and John Gardiner to South Melbourne SC (for $13,000), saw the club have a sluggish start to the State League winning only 2 of its first 12 matches. Club legend Duncan MacKay was brought in as coach, he introduced a number of new players including New Zealand international Brian Davidson and Steve Kokoska from Sunshine City. MacKay's influence had a deep impact with the club having a great second half of the season as Essendon Croatia won 6 of its final 10 matches, to finish a respectable seventh. The club also went on to make the Final of the Dockerty Cup, losing to Brunswick Juventus. It would not be too long before the club once more became one of the top sides in the state. In 1978 the club won its second Victorian State League championship comfortably under the guidance of coach and former club great Bill McArthur; the side won a staggering 17 of its 22 matches. The powerful side was one of the most dominant Victoria had seen, so much so that the club had clinched the title with 3 matches still remaining. That year the club took out the much sought after treble of Ampol Cup, Victorian champions and State League Cup (where it defeated George Cross 3–2), an achievement which no other club has ever been able to achieve. The club also made the semi-finals of the Dockerty Cup. Essendon Croatia defended its State League title in 1979 under the dual guidance of Duje Zemunik and player-coach John Gardiner. It proved to be a much tighter race than the previous year. Frankston City had led the league comfortably for most of the season, with the completion of round 17 seeing Frankston 5 points ahead of Essendon Croatia who were sitting in 3rd position. In the remaining 5 matches Essendon Croatia went undefeated as it won 4 and drew 1, clinching the league title on a dramatic final day (defeating Altona City 3–1) on goal difference over Frankston City. That year Essendon Croatia took out the prestigious treble; State Champions, Dockerty Cup and the State League Cup where it defeated Preston Makedonia 2–1. The success was made more remarkable given the club started the 1979 season in turmoil with mass players losses as Yaka Banovic and Eddie Krencevic transferred to National Soccer League clubs, while also losing four other players including Billy Vojtek and Brian Davidson. In its first three seasons back in the State League Essendon Croatia won every title that was available, an incredible come back from a club that was all but dead only a few years earlier. It was a testament to the dedication of the Croatian community. This back to back championship winning side was a powerful one that contained 5 Socceroos; Ken Murphy, Tommy Cumming, Billy Vojtek, Eddie Krnčević and Steve Kokoska. Teenage star Eddie Krnčević made his senior debut at 16 for the club in 1977. He would become one of Australia's first overseas success stories. Eddie Krnčević headed to Europe in 1981, joining Croatia's Dinamo Zagreb, and he would spend nearly 15 years playing across Europe. However the stand out player of the back-to-back winning side was without a doubt the English forward Tommy Cumming who was signed from Sunshine City for $6,500, he won the Player of the Year award in both 78 and 79. From 1980 to 1983, the club painfully finished runner-up on four successive occasions. In 1980 they finished second to Preston Makedonia, managed by former Essendon Croatia boss Brian Edgley, who had been replaced by Duje Zemunik midway through the previous season. Despite having a fantastic season where Essendon Croatia only lost 2 matches (both losses being to the eventual champions Preston). It was a close battle between the two sides for a large part of the season. After round 14 both Essendon Croatia and Preston Makedonia found themselves on equal points with Preston just ahead on goal difference, the following round saw the two sides face off. Preston won the crucial match 1-0 as they pulled away from Essendon Croatia, holding onto top spot for the rest of the season. The next three seasons saw the club finish runner-up to Green Gully each season. The season of 1981 saw Essendon Croatia finish 6 points behind Green Gully, who were now led by player-coach and former Croatia player John Gardiner. It proved to be a season of high frustration for Essendon Croatia with the club going through three different coaches as the high expectations of the club were not being met. The club started the season slowly but soon made up ground as a tight battle ensued with league leaders Green Gully. It was neck and neck until late into the season when Essendon Croatia capitulated following a 2–0 defeat at the hands of Green Gully in Round 20. Notably 1981 also saw David Brogan join Essendon Croatia from Croydon City midway through the season, he would go on to become one of the club's most prolific strikers in its long history. In 1982 the club changed its name to Melbourne Croatia. For the 82 season Bill McArthur was at the helm as coach of Melbourne Croatia. The club kicked off the season with an 8 match unbeaten streak. In round 9 the club lost 4–2 to main title rivals Green Gully, to record the club's first loss of the season. The solitary loss resulted surprisingly in McArthur's sacking. Up to round 12 the club was on equal points with Green Gully, but inconsistent results would follow for the rest of the season which saw the club fall behind Green Gully by a clear margin. In Round 15 legendary coach Mijo Kiss made a return to the club after an absence of over a decade. Though his return wasn't enough to catch the runaway Green Gully, he was able to hold onto second place and lead the side to a triumphant 4–1 win over Green Gully in round 22. The 1982 season saw Josip Biskic make an incredible impact on his debut season, the beginning of a career which would see Biskic end up playing a club record 328 matches. 1983 saw the club came agonisingly close, losing the title by one point. At this stage the point system in the State League was 2 points for a win and 1 for a draw. If it had been done by today's system of 3 points for a win Melbourne Croatia would have won the title on goal difference. That season Melbourne Croatia, now being coached by the returning John Gardiner, led Green Gully on the ladder for the first 19 rounds, being on top of the table for 18 of those weeks. A Round 20 loss to Brunswick Juventus would prove disastrous for the championship hopes of Melbourne Croatia. The club led 2-0 only to have Juventus come back and win 3–2, giving Green Gully top spot. Croatia would go on to win all 6 of its remaining matches, but still it wasn't enough. During the period of 1980-1983 Melbourne Croatia would make up for falling short so many times in the League by winning the end of year State League Cup in 1980, 1981 (defeating Doveton 3–1 in the final) and 1983 where the club gained its sweetest revenge defeating Green Gully 4–0 in the Final. The club had further success in cup competitions during this period as it won the Dockerty Cup in 1980 and 1983, and the Ampol Cup in 1980. Also during this period Melbourne Croatia and its sister club Sydney Croatia were controversially denied entry into the NSL despite dominating their respective state competitions. Lesser clubs, with much smaller supporter bases were given priority over the two powerful Croatia clubs. In 1976 Melbourne Croatia was one of seven Victorian clubs to apply for the NSL: the others being Moorolbark, George Cross, Brunswick Juventus, South Melbourne Hellas, Footscray JUST and Fitzroy Alexander. The Australian Soccer Federation stressed the point that neither club would be welcome till they dropped 'Croatia' from their respective names. Despite the snub from the ASF Melbourne Croatia showed its ability on the national level by participating in the National Soccer League Cup, which was open to the top state league sides for a short period, each year from 1978 to 1981. The club's best performance came in 1978 when the club made it to the quarter-finals. A notable victory came in the second round where they defeated Beograd, a Serbian backed club from Adelaide, 3–0. In the quarter-finals the club faced NSL side Adelaide City. Melbourne Croatia put up a brave fight, narrowly going down 1–0 to their more fancied opponents. Croatia proudly made it to at least the second round each time it participated in the Cup, except for 1980 when it was knocked out in the first round by Heidelberg United. That year Heidelberg United had finished 2nd in the NSL, Croatia once again showed the strength of Victorian State League football by pushing them all the way, eventually losing 3–2. The 1980 Ampol Cup victory was also notable for the club's performances against Melbourne's NSL sides. In the semi-final Melbourne Croatia defeated a full strength South Melbourne NSL side 1-0 and then went on to defeat a full strength Heidelberg NSL side in the final 2–1. The result so infuriated and caused embarrassment for South Melbourne that the president of South, Sam Papasavas, came out in the local media demanding a re-match with a bet of $5,000. Great players from this era not already mentioned included Peter Blasby, Branko Čulina, Ante Bilaver, Josip Biškić, Steve Short, Carl Gilder, Steve Gojević, Ivan Gruičić, George Hannah, Noel Mitten and Keith Adams. National Soccer League 1984 NSL entry Finally in 1984 economics gave the club what lobbying could not. The NSL had been struggling financially, with dwindling crowds. So as a solution the Federation reverted from a one division competition of 16 teams, to a duel conference set-up (North and South) with each conference consisting of twelve teams. With the expansion the club could no longer be ignored and entry to the NSL was finally given. For the 1984 season the club had a squad made up mostly of players from their 1983 state league season, including Steve Gojević, Josip Biskic, Tommy Cumming, Keith Adams, David Brogan, Peter Blasby and George Hannah. The club had a major coup singing legendary Welsh footballer Terry Hennessey as coach. The club would go on to make an incredible impact on debut, finishing 3rd in the regular season and qualifying for the finals, just showing what a strong side the club had in the State League. The highlight of the regular season was the club's 12 match unbeaten streak, a record for the club in the NSL. But the season didn't start off in such an amazing manner, winning only 3 of its opening 11 matches. Hennessey was sacked after round 9 and the experienced Tony Vrzina (who had a couple of coaching stints with the club in the 1970s) came in at round 13 seeing a massive turnaround in the club's fortunes. In the finals, Melbourne Croatia made it to the Major Semi-final where they faced South Melbourne for a spot in the Conference Grand Final. South Melbourne FC won 3–2 in extra-time in a thrilling match in front of 11,000 fans at Olympic Park. It was a painful loss as Melbourne Croatia had led for a large part of the game only to have South Melbourne FC equalise in the closing minutes to take it to extra-time. Melbourne Croatia with a second chance then faced Heidelberg United, again for a spot in the final against South Melbourne FC. Heidelberg United won 3-1 putting an end to Melbourne Croatia's finals campaign. Melbourne Croatia also made the NSL Cup final that season, winning 5 matches in a row before losing to Newcastle KB United in the Final. That year also saw Melbourne Croatia reach the Final of the Buffalo Cup, where it lost 3–1 to South Melbourne in front of 13,000 people at Olympic Park. In 1985 under coach Dom Kapetanovic the club would continue its good form again making the finals, but this time being knocked out in the first match by Preston 2–1 at Olympic Park in front of 6,000 spectators. 1985 saw the club once again lose the Buffalo Cup Final, this time to Heidelberg in a 5-1 thrashing. And the club would gain revenge against Preston, taking out the Dockerty Cup with a 2–0 victory over the Macedonian club. The next three years were very disappointing for the club, they missed out on finals action each season (though there was no finals series in 1987). This was despite some major signings such as in 1987 under Terry Hennessey (in his second stint as coach), when the club signed Socceroos Robbie Dunn and Alan Edward Davidson, Croatian import Branko Milošević and a major coup in Scottish international Ian Wallace. As well as in 1988 with Socceroos Jeff Olver and Theo Selemidis, and experienced Scotsman Paul Donnelly. But on the park the club still struggled during this period of 1986-1988 despite having one of the strongest squads in the NSL, the club had become the perennial underachievers of the league. So frustrating was this period for the club that over those three seasons Melbourne Croatia had five different coaches. In the 1987 season Melbourne Croatia had been competitive for most of the season, by the end of round 23 the club was in 5th position only two points behind 2nd place. But the club picked up no further points in the remaining 3 rounds of the season as the club fell away to 9th. 1988 was a very similar story, Ian Wallace had taken charge as coach and at the round 19 mark the club was sitting in 6th only a point outside a finals spot. But the club fell out of finals contention as it went on to lose 5 of its final 7 matches. One positive that came out of this period was Mark Talajić, a product of the club's youth system, who made his debut for the side at only 16 in 1986. He would go on to become a club legend. However this period did see the club have success in cup competitions, dominating the pre-season Buffalo Cup (which had replaced the Ampol Cup) with victories in 1986 and 1987. Rather fittingly the victories came against Heidelberg and South Melbourne respectively, the two clubs to whom Melbourne Croatia had lost to in 1984 and 1985. Those victories in the Buffalo Cup earned the club a spot in the Final for the Ansett Cup against the NSW pre-season Champions. Ironically both years saw Melbourne Croatia take on Sydney Croatia for the Ansett Cup title. In 1986 Melbourne Croatia defeated their Sydney sister club 3–1 at Olympic Park in front 8,500 fans. The following year the club again defeated Sydney Croatia, this time 1–0 at the St George Stadium in Sydney. In 1988 the club also won the Dockerty Cup in a thrilling Final against South Melbourne, which saw Melbourne Croatia come out on top 4-3 after extra-time. The club was later stripped of the title after a protest by South Melbourne, as Melbourne Croatia had fielded an ineligible player. Dominance After those three painful years of non-finals action, 1989 saw the beginning of what can only be described as the golden era of the club. For the next decade the club would make the NSL finals 8 times out of 9 seasons. 1989 was where everything began to click for the club. The club strengthened an already impressive side with imports Željko Adžić and Francis Awaritefe, as well as Ivan Kelić and Ivan Duzel from sister club St Albans Dinamo. The club had a strong season finishing 4th on the regular season table and making the finals for the first time since 1985. In the Finals the club defeated Preston 2–0, which was followed by an agonising 3–2 loss to Sydney Olympic in extra time that put an end to Melbourne Croatia's campaign. 1989 also saw Melbourne Croatia finally move away from Olympic Park and move into its own stadium, the Melbourne Croatia Sports Centre in North Sunshine. This move saw a dramatic increase in crowds. For the season 1989/90, Melbourne Croatia continued to impress, strengthening their side with Andrew Marth from Sunshine George Cross. The club finished 3rd in the regular season, just 3 points behind top spot. In the Finals Melbourne Croatia defeated Southe Melbourne in an epic penalty shootout, with a 7–6 scoreline. The club just missed out on making the Grand Final, losing the Preliminary Final to Sydney Olympic. Melbourne Croatia had taken a 1–0 lead, only to have Sydney Olympic claw their way back and score the winner 9 minutes from full-time. In 1990/91 the club had its most successful season in the NSL up to that point. With Ken Worden as coach the club won the Minor premiership for the first time after having an amazing season where the club only lost 4 matches. The club clinched the Minor Premiership with a game to spare following an 8-1 thrashing of Wollongong Macedonia, a match where star striker Ivan Kelic scored 6 goals. The club went on to make it to its first Grand Final where they met city rivals South Melbourne FC at Olympic Park in front of over 23,000 fans. It was a match that Melbourne Croatia came agonisingly close to winning. Melbourne Croatia led for most of the match before conceding a later equaliser with only minutes to go. The match went to a penalty shoot out where Melbourne Croatia led 2-1 following South Melbourne FC missing 3 consecutive penalties. Melbourne Croatia had 2 penalty kicks to win the game, missing both and eventually losing the shootout 5–4. The 1991/92 season saw the governing body Soccer Australia begin to implement measures to de-ethnicise the NSL and give it more mainstream appeal. Clubs had to replace their ethnic names, which saw Melbourne Croatia change its name to Melbourne CSC. That season saw former club legend and Socceroo Ken Murphy take over as coach. Under his tenure the club won the Minor premiership once more, but again lost the Grand Final on penalties at Olympic Park, this time to Adelaide City. During this period the club continued to produce young talent and introduce them into their side; Mark Silić made his debut at 18 for the club in 1990/91, while Oliver Pondeljak made his debut at 19 in 1991/92. The 1992/93 season was a disappointing one, with the club failing to make the finals and finishing in 10th position. A lot of this had to do with the loss of a number of key players; Alan Edward Davidson, Francis Awaritefe, Damian Mori and Branko Milošević. Even with these losses the club still had a strong side that should have done better. The signs were positive early on, after round 7 the club was sitting in third spot only a point off top spot. But after that the season unravelled for the club as it tumbled down the ladder. Former Knights player Branko Culina who was the coach at the time was sacked after 17 matches following the disappointing results. After Culina's sacking the club saw a late resurgence, and by the end of round 22 the club was sitting in 7th position just a point outside a top 6 finals spot. The club fell away from finals contention as it struggled in the remaining 4 matches, only picking up 3 points. Despite the poor season the club saw some positives with even more new talent emerging in Mark Viduka, Steve Horvat, Adrian Cervinski and David Cervinski (David joined the club in the following season) and Vinko Buljubašić, as well as the signing of Fausto De Amicis. In the 1993/94 season Soccer Australia continued with its campaign of de-ethnicising the sport in Australia. They ruled that Melbourne CSC was still too 'ethnic', seeing the club change its name once more, this time to the Melbourne Knights. On the park to remedy the previous years poor display, the Knights looked to Croatia for help, bringing coach Mirko Bazić out to Australia. His influence had a major impact as the Knights dominated the season, easily winning its third Minor Premiership 6 points ahead of second place South Melbourne. Future Socceroo captain Mark Viduka made a significant impact that season, at only 18 years of age he finished the season as the NSL's top goal scorer with 17 goals. He became the only player to win the treble of individual awards; Player of the Year, Under 21 Player of the Year and Top Goal-scorer. He achieved all this despite controversially missing 9 matches due to International duty with the Australian Youth team. But the Grand Final saw a repeat of the events of 1991/92, again losing to Adelaide City at Olympic Park. Cruelly it was former Knights player Damian Mori that scored the winner for Adelaide City. It made three Grand Final defeats in 4 years for the Melbourne Knights, earning the club the tag of 'chokers'. Champions of Australia 1994/95 was the season when the long-awaited breakthrough was made. Once more the club was a dominant force during the season, the side played a style of football that was head and shoulders above the rest. The club started the season on fire, winning its first 7 matches, a record that is yet to be broken. Unfortunately long-time captain Josip Biskic left the club after round 20, signing with Malaysian club Selanagor FA. Coach Mirko Bazić using his contacts in Croatia brought in import Krešimir Marušić to cover the loss, and he had an immediate impact for the club. The club won the Minor Premiership, its fourth in 5 seasons. The Knights had a sluggish start to its finals campaign, losing to Adelaide City over 2 legs. But the club soon made up for it, making the Grand Final after defeating South Melbourne FC 3–2 in the Preliminary Final in a thrilling match at Olympic Park, with Mark Viduka scoring a hat-trick. So for the third time the club met Adelaide City in the Grand Final, but this time in Adelaide at Hindmarsh Stadium. The Knights were dominant, winning 2–0 with goals from captain Andrew Marth and striker Joe Spiteri. It was an impressive season for the club, claiming the treble that year; the Cup (where they defeated Heidelberg United 6–0 in the final), the Minor Premiership and the League. They were the only side to have achieved the feat until 2009, when A-League side Melbourne Victory also won the domestic treble. The tag of choker was finally put to rest for the Melbourne Knights. Mark Viduka had another phenomenal season, this time scoring 21 goals and once again took out the treble of individual awards. No other player before or since has been such a dominant force on the national competition. But just as in the previous season there was controversy with Viduka missing 4 matches, which crucially including the first 2 matches of the finals series, due to international duty with the Australian Youth team. Following the championship win, the club headed over to Japan for a series of matches against J-League sides. The Knights defeated Jubilo Iwata and more significantly Yokohama Flügels who were the Asian Super Cup champions at the time. The Knights defended its NSL title the following year, despite having lost a number of players during the off-season; Mark Viduka to Dinamo Zagreb, Steve Horvat to Hajduk Split, Krešimir Marušić also returning to Croatia and the loss of their coach Mirko Bazic. Mirko Bazic was replaced by former Knights player Ian Dobson. These player losses were made up for with emerging talent in Josip Šimunić, Tom Pondeljak, Ante Kovačević and Ice Kutlesovski. The 1995/96 season was an extremely tight one, with only 6 points separating first and sixth at the conclusion of the regular season. Melbourne Knights stormed home with 6 wins from its final 7 matches to finish second, only a point behind Minor Premiers Marconi Fairfield. In the finals the Melbourne Knights defeated Marconi over 2 legs, booking a spot in their 5th Grand Final. In the Grand Final the Knights met Marconi again, a match which it would go into missing three of its players due to international duty with the Olyroos; Joe Spiteri, Frank Juric and Danny Tiatto. The club defeated Marconi 2–1 at Olympic Park, their first Grand Final win in their home city. The Knights goals were scored by captain Andrew Marth and striker Adrian Cervinski. The final whistle was followed by jubilant celebrations as thousands of Melbourne Knights supporters invaded the pitch and mobbed the players. This back-to-back championship winning side is regarded by many as the greatest club side Australia has seen. Nine of the players would go on to play for the Australia national football team (Joe Spiteri, Mark Viduka, Frank Jurić, Steve Horvat, Fausto De Amicis, Tom Pondeljak, John Markovski, Andrew Marth and Danny Tiatto), as well as defender Josip Šimunić who would go on to play for the Croatia national football team at two World Cups. End of an era For the 1996/97 season the de-ethnicising continued under the helm of the Soccer Australia president David Hill, a key decision was the removal of ethnic symbols from club emblems. So the Melbourne Knights had to change their emblem, removing the Croatian Grb (coat of arms) that had adorned the club's emblem since 1953. This was also the beginning of the decline of the side, the constant loss of its players began to catch up with the club. For the 1996/97 season the club lost Mark Silić, Frank Jurić, Fausto De Amicis, Danny Tiatto and Vinko Buljubašić, the side was decimated. But most importantly the club was no longer replenishing its ranks with new talent from its youth set up at the same rate as it had done in the past. As well as the club not being able to compete with the big dollars of the new non-ethnic clubs that would join the league over the next decade; professional clubs like Perth Glory, Parramatta Power and Carlton. These clubs paid huge salaries to players, the traditional clubs like the Melbourne Knights could not compete and they were priced out of the market. Before the start of the season the Knights won the Dockerty Cup, defeating the Altona Magic 4–2. The 1996/7 season saw the Knights just scrape into the finals after a come from behind 3–1 win against Perth Glory in the last round of the regular season. The finals proved to be too much for the side, as they lost comprehensively to rivals South Melbourne FC over 2 legs. From 1997/98 to the final season of the NSL in 2003/04, the club only made the finals twice. The 1997/98 season saw the return of veterans Ivan Kelic and Alan Edward Davidson, as well as the loss of Josip Simunic to Hamburg SV in Germany, and David Červinski and Lubo Lapsansky to the newly formed Carlton SC. Despite another staggering string of player losses the Knights would still put up a brave fight, going onto narrowly miss the finals that season, losing their crucial final round match against Marconi. The following two seasons were disastrous for a club so used to success, with the club finishing 12th in both seasons. Matters were made worse with captain Andrew Marth leaving the club in 1998/99, going to Carlton SC. He left the Knights due to his frustrations with the recruitment policy of the club, it was a devastating blow to the club. One highlight in this dark period came in the 1999/00 season when English legend Peter Beardsley came out for at two match guest stint at the club. His first match against South Melbourne FC at Knights Stadium attracted a record 11,500 people; unfortunately the side was thrashed 4–0. The 2000/01 season was the most successful season during this period, a season that saw the return of championship players Andrew Marth, Steve Horvat and Ljubo Lapsanksy after the early season disbanding of Carlton SC. Coach and club legend Vlado Vanis led the side. He made a number of excellent signings, including forwards Joel Porter and Toto Da Costa. Vanis employed a very attacking style of football, playing 3 strikers; Joel Porter, Toto Da Costa and Adrian Cervinski. They went on to score 36 goals between them. Despite all this Vanis was surprisingly sacked by club president Harry Mrksa late in the season after the two clashed over a number of issues. Andrew Marth took over as player-coach and guided the club to the finals after finishing the regular season in 6th spot. In the finals the Knights took out Perth Glory over two thrilling legs and then narrowly lost to Sydney Olympic to finish the season in an impressive 4th position. The following year the Knights again made the finals, but were once more knocked out by Sydney Olympic over two legs. By 2002/03 the club had once more lost much of their side, the loss of Joel Porter and Toto Da Costa was particularly painful and the club struggled as a consequence in its final 2 seasons in the NSL. There were a few positives such as Anthony Pelikan, who became the club's star player and one of the NSL's leading players during this time. The 2002/03 season also saw the legendary coach Mirko Bazic return from Croatia to take charge of the side for the last 6 matches of that season, which included a 1–0 victory over rivals South Melbourne at home in the big derby clash in front of 7,157 spectators. In the final season of the NSL (2003/04) the club finished second last, its worst finish ever in the NSL. Despite the poor finish, 9 of the players from the squad in following years would end up at A-League clubs (including 7 that would in subsequent years go on to play for Melbourne Victory). The club's final NSL match was fittingly against sister club Sydney United on 29 February 2004. The match was played in front of a crowd of 8,423 at the Melbourne Croatia Sports Centre. It was an incredible atmosphere, a celebration of Croatian football in Australia. The match ended 0-0 and with the final whistle there was a mass pitch invasion by the fans of both clubs. The respective captains, Andrew Marth and Mark Rudan, were chaired off the ground. Return to State football The NSL was disbanded in 2004 to make way for a new professional league, the A-League. The Melbourne Knights knowing they would not be part of this new league, opted not to bid for a spot in the A-League unlike the other ethnic clubs. The club dropped back to the state league, now called the Victorian Premier League. But the Knights along with South Melbourne FC were not allowed to enter the 2004 VPL season, with various clubs in a campaign led by former Socceroo and JUST player Ernie Tapai at Whittlesea blocking their entry. This was despite assurances from the majority of the VPL clubs prior to the vote that they would vote in support of the entry of the Melbourne Knights into the league. The Knights went to the president of the new Football Federation Australia, Frank Lowy, for help. The club was told by Lowy that he and his organisation were powerless to do anything the help resolve the issue. As a consequence the club went over 12 months with no football and no source of revenue. This placed the club on the brink of financial ruin, so much so that the club was close to selling its stadium. The 12-month in-action also saw the club lose its entire squad on free transfers, including 3 players that went on to join A-League club Melbourne Victory (Daniel Piorkowski, Steve Pantelidis and Adrian Leijer). The club has never been compensated for these losses. For the 2005 VPL season the club finally resumed its football. The Knights had to re-build a squad, creating a difficult first few seasons in the VPL. 2005 saw mixed results for the club as they finished 9th, at one stage challenging for a finals spot before falling away. The 2006 season was disastrous. The side started off brilliantly, leading the competition in the early stages. Then the club was hit by crisis after crisis; board interference in player selection, three coaching changes and a player walkout, which nearly saw the club relegated. On a positive note there was the unearthing of an exciting new talent, Mate Dugandžić. He made his debut in the senior side at only 16 years of age making an impressive impact. 2007 was the year that saw a turnaround in the fortunes of the Melbourne Knights. Chris Taylor was appointed coach and strong recruiting by the club, including the signing of former NSL stars Steve Iosifidis and Joe Spiteri, saw the club go into the season with high hopes. Despite this it was a mixed start to the season for the club, only winning 2 of its opening 8 games. Soon after the club made 3 key signings; former Knights NSL player Anthony Pelikan from Oakleigh, 2006 under 21 VPL player of the year Daniel Visevic from Richmond and up-and-coming player Cameron Watson who had spent time at Portugal's FC Porto. These signings saw the club storm home, winning 7 of its final 9 matches and finishing second on the ladder, a point behind the Preston Lions. In the finals the club lost to Preston, 1–0, in a tightly fought affair with Preston scoring the winner late in the game. The Knights then took on Oakleigh to keep their title hopes alive. The club proved their class with a strong 1–0 win. Finally the Melbourne Knights once more faced off against Preston, this time for a spot in the Grand Final against Whittlesea. The club lost 2–1 in a controversial match at Bob Jane Stadium. Anthony Pelikan was sent off just before half time, receiving a second yellow card for simulation. The Knights put on a brave performance in the second half. But a late strike from Preston against the run of play killed the game off despite a consolation goal deep in injury time. Overall it was a successful year for the club, finishing 3rd in what was the club's highest league finish in well over a decade. Also the club went on to win the under 21 and under 18 Victorian titles. 2008 season saw the club aim high once more. There were a number of changes in the squad, with Mate Dugandzic and Daniel Visevic being signed by Croatia's Dinamo Zagreb, and influential goalkeeper Adrian Cagalj transferring to Oakleigh. Players brought into the club included the return of Andrew Barisic from a year stint in Germany. A stellar start to the season saw the Knights go on a club record in the state league with a 19 match unbeaten streak, seeing the club lead the league for a large part of the season. But injuries late in the campaign took their toll bringing the unbeaten streak to an end, with the side's midfield being decimated by the loss of Anthony Pelikan, Ivan Franjic and Cameron Watson, as well as the early season injury of influential captain Tom Milardovic. Eventually the Knights finished second just a point behind Minor Premiers Green Gully. In the opening game of the finals the Knights took on Green Gully. The match ended 1-1 after extra time with the Knights taking out the match on penalties. Knights then took on the Altona Magic for a spot in the Grand Final. The match at Knights Stadium once more saw the game finish 1-1 and go to penalties. But it was Altona that took it out 4–3. Knights with a second chance at a Grand Final spot took on Heidelberg United, the Knights proved too strong winning 2–1. The Grand Final, the club's first in 12 years, took place at Bob Jane Stadium in front of 5,500 mostly Knights fans. The club went into the match still missing influential players Franjic and Pelikan, as well as striker Joe Spiteri missing the game due to suspension. It was a game that the Knights dominated, creating many chances but failing to convert them. The match finished 0-0 after 90 minutes and moved into extra match. With the match poised to go to penalties Altona snatched victory with barely a minute left in the match. One piece of consolation came with captain Craig Elvin winning the Jimmy Rooney man of the match award. Also striker Andrew Barisic had a stellar season scoring 19 goals, the most by a Knights player since Mark Viduka in 1994/95. The 2009 VPL season started with a mass exodus of players, this most notably included Andrew Barisic to new A-League franchise Gold Coast United, as well as veterans Joe Spiteri and Steve Iosifidis dropping to lowers leagues to finish off their careers. A number of new recruits were brought in, with a strong focus on youth, which saw players brought from the reserves into the senior squad and a handful of players from the Melbourne Victory FC Youth team. The side was strengthened with the signings of a few more experienced players, such as Mate Dugandzic who returned from his stint in Croatia. The first half of the season was disastrous for the Knights, picking up 11 points from just as many matches as they sat third from bottom. The second half of the season saw a marked improvement from the club, as they came within throwing distance of the top 5 only to fall away late in the season. The 2010 season will best be remembered for activities off the field which saw the monumental return of the Grb to the Melbourne Knights emblem after an absence of almost 15 years, with the club reverting to the emblem proudly worn during its back-to-back NSL championships of the mid 90s. The return to the classic emblem was most fitting as the club celebrated the 15th anniversary of those championships, gathering all of the players from that legendary side (except Josip Simunic who was with the Croatia national team) for a successful gala night and reunion match. On the field the 2010 VPL season proved to be an unsuccessful one. The year began with a complete clean out of players; only 3 players remained from the 2009 squad. The club had not seen such a clean out since it dropped out of the NSL in 2004. The task of re-building the side fell to former Knights player Ivan Duzel who took over from Chris Taylor as coach. What was implemented was a recruitment policy that saw a diverse range of players brought to the Knights, including imports such as the American-Croat Tomislav Skara, Englishman Kevin Townson and Frenchman Jean-Charles Dubois. Also there was the return of club legend Danny Tiatto, returning to finish off his career at the Knights. The season itself was marred by inconsistency from the Knights as the club struggled and found itself near the bottom of the table for most of the season. With only 3 matches remaining the club was on the brink of relegation as it sat inside the bottom two. But the Knights ensured their placed in the VPL as it recorded its two most important victories of the season, defeating Bentleigh Greens 2–0 away and a 4–2 victory at home against Northcote City. After the season the club won a number of individual awards with Kevin Townson awarded the media voted Player of the Year award, while finishing runner-up for the Gold Medal VPL Player of the Year award. Adrian Zahra won the Under 21 Player of the Year award, soon after he was signed by A-League club Melbourne Heart. The post-season gave some cause for celebration as the club took out the Australian-Croatian Soccer Tournament in New Zealand, only the second time the club had won the cup. In early 2011, the Knights took out the Victorian Croatian Cup, after defeating North Geelong Warriors FC 4–0 in the final. Around 800 people were in attendance, with fundraising actions in place to help sister club Rocklea United after their clubrooms were flooded in Queensland. After a disappointing start to the 2011 VPL season, assistant coach Paul Magdic took over the head job, replacing Ivan Duzel who had been asked to step down. The tough season ended with a bitterly disappointing 10th-placed finish. Some relief was found in the Knights' Mirabella Cup run, where the club dispatched the likes of Oakleigh Cannons FC and Green Gully SC on their way to the final, but lost 2–0 at Melbourne's AAMI Park to Northcote City FC. The Knights confirmed back to back Australian-Croatian Soccer Tournament titles in October 2011, as the 37th edition of the event was held at Kralj Tomislav in Sydney. The club relieved Paul Magdic of his duties as head manager in mid-2012, replacing him with club legends Andrew Marth and Frank Juric, the former taking the head role and the latter the assistant's role. Marth led the club on a mini-revival, taking the Knights away from relegation but not enough to book a finals berth. The Melbourne Knights officially launched a sports gym on 3 March 2013. The newly constructed gym, located behind the Mark Viduka stand at Knights Stadium, is a fully equipped boxing, weight and cardio facility. The 2013 season was a welcome change for the Knights, finishing in second place in the regular season, but went down initially to Bentleigh Greens SC in the qualifying final and then to bitter rivals South Melbourne 1–0 in the semi-final. The South Melbourne derby was played in-front of 5,000 supporters at Knights Stadium. The bumper crowd was the result of the match falling in the middle of the Australian-Croatian Soccer Tournament hosted by the Knights. Marijan Cvitkovic took out the VPL's best-and-fairest player for 2013 as Melbourne Knights celebrated their 60th year of existence in style. National Premier Leagues Victoria and FFA Cup (2014–present) In 2014, the Knights' squad was decimated by injuries in the first half of the season and struggled for results. A resurgence in the second half of the season saw the club pick up more points than most of the clubs above it to finish in 5th place. The major achievement was winning the 2014 Dockerty Cup, beating South Springvale in the final through a 121st-minute goal from captain Tomislav Uskok. On the way to the final, Melbourne beat rivals South Melbourne in the quarter-finals in a riveting contest. The club also qualified for the inaugural 2014 FFA Cup through their progression in the Dockerty Cup, but were knocked out by Olympic FC in the Round of 32 in a contentious affair. The 2015 season saw the club qualify for the newly re-introduced league finals series after a strong league showing, finishing in 4th place. The Knights exited the finals series at the first stage, though, going down on penalties to Hume City FC. In the penalty shoot-out, Hume City keeper Chris Oldfield saved all four of Croatia's penalty kicks. At the club's end of season awards night, talismanic striker Stipo Andrijašević took out the 2015 Best & Fairest and 2015 Top Goalscorer awards. Andrijašević's incredible long distance volley into the top corner against Green Gully SC on 18 July was voted as the best goal in the NPL Victoria. Wth youth product, captain and fan-favourite Tomislav Uskok signing for A-League side Central Coast Mariners in November, 2015 Knights re-signed the majority of their players from the previous season. Established goalkeeper Chris May and long serving full back Anthony Colosimo departed and in came young talents like 18-year-old Nick Glavan and 17-year-old Nikola Jurković from Melbourne Victory Youth and sister-club North Geelong Warriors respectively. Melbourne Knights finished the NPL Victoria season in ninth place, missing out on a finals spot. However, the Somers Street-based side qualified for the national stage of the 2016 FFA Cup following a 2–0 victory over Port Melbourne SC. Knights drew Western Australian side Cockburn City SC, defeating them 2–1 at Knights Stadium. In the Round of 16, at home once more, Melbourne Knights lost 3–1 to Green Gully in front of 2,472 fans. After a disappointing first half of the 2017 season, head coach Andrew Marth and assistant Frank Jurić were relieved of their coaching duties with the club languishing in third-bottom place and out of the FFA Cup in the qualifying stages, losing to NPL Victoria 2 side Dandenong City. Former Port Melbourne coach Eric Vassiliadis was announced as the new head coach on 21 May 2017. Vassiliadis lasted just 35 days in the role before he was relieved of his duties, gaining one point in five matches in his time as head coach. Croatia finished in 12th place with 24 points, its lowest points total since returning to Victorian state football in 2005. The 12th-place finish meant Knights had to play in the promotion-relegation playoff match, coming up against fellow Croatian-backed side Dandenong City for the second time that season. A Kym Harris hat-trick secured a 3–2 win for Melbourne Knights on the day and survival in the NPL Victoria. In the post-season, a change in board saw a change in senior team management, with Knights securing former Croatian international Aljoša Asanović as the head coach, with Dean Računica his assistant. The appointment of Asanović, a World Cup bronze medal winner in 1998, and Računica, was hailed as arguable the biggest coaching coup in the history of the NPL Victoria. Uskok also returned to the club. Knights finished the 2018 National Premier Leagues Victoria season in ninth place, four points adrift of a finals spot. Marijan Cvitkovic, Nate Foster and Uskok all finished the season with eight goals. Croatia won the 2018 Australian-Croatian Soccer Tournament, hosted by Gold Coast Knights, beating North Geelong 3–0 in the final. After the conclusion of the season, Asanović and Računica departed the club to take up an opportunity in Saudi Arabia, joining Slaven Bilić at Al-Ittihad. The club promoted Micky Colina, the club's u20s coach, to take over the senior head manager role for 2019. On 25 May 2019, the club announced that it had parted ways with Micky Colina as head coach of the first team along with his assistant Steve Gojevic. Marijan Cvitković was appointed as player-coach for the remainder of the 2019 season. Knights qualified for the 2019 FFA Cup, managing impressive wins over league-leaders Avondale FC and old foes South Melbourne in the qualifying stages. Melbourne Knights were drawn against A-League side Adelaide United FC in the Round of 32, ultimately going down 5–2 in the clash played in front of 4,078 fans at Knights Stadium. 4 days later, a second cup run came to an end for the Knights, losing 1–0 to Hume City in the 2019 Dockerty Cup final. References 1. Various work's of soccer historian Roy Hay 2. Statistics from OzFootball 3. The Melbourne Knights website 4. 'Ethnicity and Soccer in Australia' academic study Melbourne Knights FC Melbourne Knights
Greg Lee Barton (July 14, 1946—August 26, 2019) was a former American football quarterback in the National Football League (NFL) who played for the Detroit Lions. He was traded from the Lions to the Philadelphia Eagles for a 1971 second-round selection (30th overall–Dave Thompson) and 1972 second- and third-round picks (40th and 65th overall–to Atlanta Falcons and Ken Sanders respectively) on January 28, 1971. He played college football for the Tulsa Golden Hurricane. He also played in the Canadian Football League (CFL) for the Toronto Argonauts and in the World Football League (WFL) for the Portland Storm. References 1946 births 2019 deaths Players of American football from Denver American football quarterbacks Canadian football quarterbacks Detroit Lions players Toronto Argonauts players Portland Storm players Tulsa Golden Hurricane football players
```java /* * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. * * path_to_url * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. / package org.apache.rocketmq.common.constant; import io.grpc.Context; import io.grpc.Metadata; public class GrpcConstants { public static final Context.Key<Metadata> METADATA = Context.key("rpc-metadata"); /* * Remote address key in attributes of call / public static final Metadata.Key<String> REMOTE_ADDRESS = Metadata.Key.of("rpc-remote-address", Metadata.ASCII_STRING_MARSHALLER); /* * Local address key in attributes of call */ public static final Metadata.Key<String> LOCAL_ADDRESS = Metadata.Key.of("rpc-local-address", Metadata.ASCII_STRING_MARSHALLER); public static final Metadata.Key<String> AUTHORIZATION = Metadata.Key.of("authorization", Metadata.ASCII_STRING_MARSHALLER); public static final Metadata.Key<String> NAMESPACE_ID = Metadata.Key.of("x-mq-namespace", Metadata.ASCII_STRING_MARSHALLER); public static final Metadata.Key<String> DATE_TIME = Metadata.Key.of("x-mq-date-time", Metadata.ASCII_STRING_MARSHALLER); public static final Metadata.Key<String> REQUEST_ID = Metadata.Key.of("x-mq-request-id", Metadata.ASCII_STRING_MARSHALLER); public static final Metadata.Key<String> LANGUAGE = Metadata.Key.of("x-mq-language", Metadata.ASCII_STRING_MARSHALLER); public static final Metadata.Key<String> CLIENT_VERSION = Metadata.Key.of("x-mq-client-version", Metadata.ASCII_STRING_MARSHALLER); public static final Metadata.Key<String> PROTOCOL_VERSION = Metadata.Key.of("x-mq-protocol", Metadata.ASCII_STRING_MARSHALLER); public static final Metadata.Key<String> RPC_NAME = Metadata.Key.of("x-mq-rpc-name", Metadata.ASCII_STRING_MARSHALLER); public static final Metadata.Key<String> SIMPLE_RPC_NAME = Metadata.Key.of("x-mq-simple-rpc-name", Metadata.ASCII_STRING_MARSHALLER); public static final Metadata.Key<String> SESSION_TOKEN = Metadata.Key.of("x-mq-session-token", Metadata.ASCII_STRING_MARSHALLER); public static final Metadata.Key<String> CLIENT_ID = Metadata.Key.of("x-mq-client-id", Metadata.ASCII_STRING_MARSHALLER); public static final Metadata.Key<String> AUTHORIZATION_AK = Metadata.Key.of("x-mq-authorization-ak", Metadata.ASCII_STRING_MARSHALLER); public static final Metadata.Key<String> CHANNEL_ID = Metadata.Key.of("x-mq-channel-id", Metadata.ASCII_STRING_MARSHALLER); } ```
The Louisville Belles are a team of the Women's Spring Football League based in Louisville, Kentucky. Home games are played at the campuses of Seneca High School and Ballard High School. During their first two seasons, the Belles were known as the Louisville Nightmare and played in the Independent Women's Football League. Season-by-season \|- \| colspan="6" align="center" \| Louisville Nightmare (IWFL) \|- \|2009 \|\| 0 \|\| 8 \|\| 0 \|\| 26th Tier II \|\| -- \|- \|2010 \|\| 0 \|\| 7 \|\| 0 \|\| 6th Tier II West Midwest \|\| -- \|- \| colspan="6" align="center" \| Louisville Belles (WSFL) \|- \|2011 \|\| -- \|\| -- \|\| -- \|\| -- \|\| -- \|- !Totals \|\| 0 \|\| 15 \|\| 0 \|colspan="2"\| Season schedules 2009 = Forfeited 2010 = Forfeited External links Women's Spring Football League official website Women's Spring Football League teams Sports clubs and teams in Louisville, Kentucky American football teams in Kentucky American football teams established in 2009 Women's sports in Kentucky 2009 establishments in Kentucky
The Swedish Vallhund, also known as the Västgötaspets and Swedish cow dog, is a breed of dog native to Sweden. The breed's name, Vallhund, when translated into English, means herding dog, as the Swedish Vallhund was originally bred as a drover and herder of cows over 1,000 years ago. In 1942, the dog came close to extinction, but careful breeding and publicity by Swedish national Björn von Rosen and K. G. Zettersten managed to revive the breed in popularity and save it from its likely end. In 1943, the Swedish Kennel Club recognized the Swedish Vallhund as a breed, and officially categorized the Swedish Vallhund as "the Västgötaspets" for Västergötland, the province in which their revival took place. Since then, the breed has been recognized by, and bred in, over ten countries and has gained some popularity. Physical features The average height of the Swedish Vallhund, measured at the withers, is approximately 33 cm (12.9 in) for males and 31 cm (12.2 in) for females. They are strong, with a long body. The ratio of height to body length is about 2:3. The head of the Vallhund is wedge-shaped, with dark brown oval eyes and pricked ears. They are born with every variance of tail length, from no tail at all to full length, therefore they are often mistaken for having been docked. (Tail docking is illegal in Sweden.) Colour and coat The coat is short and harsh, with a tight topcoat and a soft, dense undercoat. The hair on the foreparts of the legs is slightly longer than that of the neck, chest and back parts of the hind legs. Fur color varies from grey, greyish brown and greyish yellow to reddish brown, with darker hair on the back, neck, and sides of the body. Lighter hair in the same shade of color as mentioned above can be seen on the muzzle, throat, chest, belly, buttocks, feet and hocks. They have lighter markings on their shoulders, also known as harness markings. Some dogs have white patches which appear, to a small extent, as a narrow blaze, neckstop or slight necklace, as well as having white markings on their fore and hindlegs and on the chest. The maximum is 30% white. Health and lifespan The Swedish Vallhund is generally a healthy dog. Its small stature contributes to its longevity, with an average lifespan of 15 years. Its pointy ears mean that—unlike dog breeds with long, hanging ears—ear problems are rare. This breed does well in hot climates because of its double layer coat, as long as the dog is provided cool shade and water. The breed does not do well in very deep snow because of its short legs. The Vallhund has an inherited type of progressive retinal atrophy disease in 34.9% of the population, which appears as mild to moderate night-blindness around the age of ten. Activities The Vallhund can compete in: dog agility trials, obedience, rally obedience, showmanship, flyball, tracking, hiking, and herding events. Herding instincts and trainability can be measured at noncompetitive herding tests. Vallhunds that exhibit basic herding instincts can be trained to compete in herding trials. History The Swedish Vallhund is an ancient, national dog breed of Sweden and may date back to the 8th or 9th century. Swedish Vallhunds originated in the county of Västergötland, which lies just south of lake Vänern. Here the small dog proved to be excellent for watching, guarding and herding. The breed dates to the Viking settlement of England and is thought to have played a part in the development of the modern Welsh Corgi and the Lancashire Heeler. According to the American Kennel Club, another theory of the breed's origin is that during the eighth or ninth century "either the Swedish Vallhund was brought to Wales or the Corgi was taken to Sweden, hence the similarities between the two breeds". The Swedish Vallhund is related to larger spitz dogs and moose hunting dogs of Scandinavia. Large dogs of this spitz-type have been found buried with their masters in Stone-Age settlements in Scandinavia. The skeleton of a Swedish Vallhund is remarkably similar to that of the modern Norwegian Elkhound, another breed of spitz dog. See also Dogs portal List of dog breeds References Further reading Serpell J., The Domestic Dog, Its Evolution. Behaviour and Interactions with People. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. 1995. Hubbard Clifford. L B., Dogs in Britain; a Description of All Native Breeds and Most Foreign Breeds in Britain. London, MacMillan. 1948 Swedish Kennel Clubs Magazines Special number:"Hundsport Special" 5/86 Gascoigne.Nicky., The Swedish Vallhund. Dalsetter Designs. Wakefield. UK. 1989 Bayliss. J., A Study of the Swedish Vallhund (Västgötaspets) A Pictorial History - Owners' Hand Book. Eng. 2007. Darling, L., The Swedish Vallhund (Vastgotaspets): A legacy of the Vikings - Aus. 2005 External links FCI breeds Dog breeds originating in Sweden Herding dogs Rare dog breeds Spitz breeds
Crystal Light is an American brand of powdered and artificially sweetened beverage mixes produced by Kraft Heinz. It was introduced in 1982 to a test market and released to the public in April 1984. General Foods, a now defunct company, were the original sellers of the product, but now it is sold by Kraft Foods. It is available in a wide variety of flavors, such as lemonade, sweet tea, and fruit punch. History Test marketing and introduction Crystal Light was sold in test markets beginning in 1982. As of mid-1983, it was being sold in 11 test areas. It was introduced throughout the United States in April 1984. General Foods sold $150 million of Crystal Light during the product's first year on national markets, representing 20% of all powdered drink mixes and 2/3 of all sugar-free drink mixes in the United States. Advertisements A 1985 commercial featuring Linda Evans showed her doing aerobics in a women's gym and drinking Crystal Light. Another undated commercial used a similar format, showing Evans exercising and drinking Crystal Light in a women's gym. Her final commercial, airing in 1987 or 1988, featuring her stuck in traffic in a limousine and performing a variety of difficult stunts, ultimately ending up on a boat drinking Crystal Light. Many of her print advertisements for the brand featured her in workout attire. A 1986 commercial featuring Priscilla Presley showed her practicing karate in a dojo while drinking Crystal Light. A 1987 commercial featuring Raquel Welch showed her singing and dancing in a blue jumpsuit and, once finished with her performance, shunning a can of Diet Coke in favor of Crystal Light. Ingredients Crystal Light is sweetened with a combination of aspartame, acesulfame potassium, sucralose, and/or sugar depending on the specific product line and flavor. First packaged in multi-serve canisters, Crystal Light launched single-serve "On The Go" packets in 2004. In 2009, Crystal Light redesigned its multi-serve packaging. On a finished case goods basis, the new design uses 250 tons less packaging than the original. In 2010, Crystal Light launched Pure Fitness, a "naturally-sweetened" low-calorie fitness drink mix which is sweetened with sugar and Truvia, a sweetener derived from the stevia plant. It is currently sold in "On The Go" packets. In 2011, Crystal Light Pure Fitness was renamed Crystal Light Pure, and three additional flavors were introduced. In April 2012, several Crystal Light varieties were added to the line of syrups for SodaStream home soda makers. Kraft Heinz, the parent company of Crystal Light, offers a product locator on its website to help locate flavors in a desired location. Crystal Light is sold in the U.S. and Canada. Calories per serving have varied throughout the years; non-zero calorie flavors were once as low as 4 calories in 1990 and now, they may be as high as 15 in 2018, depending on flavor. However, it's not certain if the change is due to the use of new ingredients or if serving sizes have increased. Some Crystal Light products, notably those designated as Crystal Light Energy, also contain an appreciable amount of added caffeine. The company has even experimented with displaying a prominent "with caffeine" tag below the product name on packaging. "Crystal Light products with Energy positioning contain added caffeine," according to Kraft Heinz. "Crystal Light Energy Wild Strawberry contains 60 mg caffeine per 8 fl oz serving". In fact, all Crystal Light Energy flavors contain this same amount of caffeine. Certain other Crystal Light flavors have long included caffeine as an ingredient. The label of Crystal Light Peach Iced Tea, for instance, says that the flavor contains "25mg caffeine per serving," or about as much an eight-ounce (240 mL) cup of black tea. Products All product information is based on information and products offered by Crystal Light's official website, as of January 2019. Classics Berry Sangria (0 cal) Black Cherry Lime (0 cal) Blackberry Lemonade (0 cal) Blueberry Raspberry (0 cal) Cherry Pomegranate (15 cal) Concord Grape (15 cal) Fruit Punch (15 cal) Lemonade (15 cal) Mango Passionfruit (0 cal) Orange (15 cal) Pink Lemonade (15 cal) Pomegranate Lemonade (0 cal) Raspberry Ice (15 cal) Raspberry Lemonade (15 cal) Strawberry Kiwi (15 cal) Strawberry Lemonade (0 cal) Strawberry Orange Banana (15 cal) Strawberry Watermelon (15 cal) Sweet Tea Tropical Coconut (0 cal) Pure Grape (5 cal) Lemon (5 cal) Lemon Iced Tea (5 cal) Mixed Berry Energy (15 cal) Peach Iced Tea (5 cal) Raspberry Lemonade (5 cal) Strawberry Kiwi (5 cal) Strawberry Lemonade Energy (15 cal) Tangerine Mango (5 cal) Tropical Blend (5 cal) Tropical Citrus Energy (15 cal) References External links American soft drink brands Kraft Foods brands Non-alcoholic drinks Powdered drink mixes Products introduced in 1982
Marjorie Lord (née Wollenberg; July 26, 1918 – November 28, 2015) was an American television and film actress. She played Kathy "Clancy" O'Hara Williams, opposite Danny Thomas's character on The Danny Thomas Show (Make Room for Daddy). Early years Lord was born in San Francisco, California, the daughter of Lillian Rosalie (née Edgar) and George Charles Wollenberg. During her early childhood, she was a ballet dancer. Her father was a cosmetics executive. Her paternal grandparents were German, as were two of her maternal great-grandparents. Her family moved to New York City when she was 15. Career Stage In 1935, at the age of 16, Lord made her Broadway debut in The Old Maid with Judith Anderson. Her other Broadway appearances came in Signature (1945), Little Brown Jug (1946), and The Girl in the Freudian Slip (1967). Although most of Lord's success came in television, she said in 1963: "I am primarily a stage actress. That's what I was trained to do and that's my first love." In the 1970s, Lord was active in dinner theater productions, spending 34 weeks in such presentations in 1973 alone. Film One film reference book summarized Lord's movie career by saying, "For two decades, she played leading roles in mostly routine films ..." Lord was signed by RKO Radio Pictures in 1935. While appearing in Springtime for Henry with Edward Everett Horton, director Henry Koster approached her and signed her to a contract with Universal Studios. She appeared in six feature films and a film serial The Adventures of Smilin' Jack for Universal. Her film work includes a number of wartime pictures, including the 1943 mystery Sherlock Holmes in Washington, starring Basil Rathbone in the title role. She also appeared in the Western films Masked Raiders, Mexican Manhunt, and Down Laredo Way. In 1966, she played Mrs. Martha Meade, the wife of Bob Hope's character, in the screwball comedy Boy, Did I Get a Wrong Number!. Television Lord appeared in a 1950 episode of The Lone Ranger titled "Bullets for Ballots", also featuring Craig Stevens, and a 1955 episode entitled "The Law Lady". She appeared on the 1951 episode "The Return of Trigger Dawson" of Bill Williams's syndicated western television series The Adventures of Kit Carson and the 1954 production of "Shadow of Truth" on Ford Theatre. In 1956, while she was appearing in Anniversary Waltz, Lord caught the attention of Danny Thomas, who asked her to replace Jean Hagen as his television wife on Make Room for Daddy. Hagen had played Thomas' wife since the series' inception, but she was written out of the script in 1956. Lord accepted the role and joined the cast of the show, now called The Danny Thomas Show. She played the role until the show was cancelled in 1964. In 1970, Lord and Thomas, along with several other original supporting actors, returned to television with Make Room for Granddaddy. The show lasted just one season. Later years Lord remained active beyond her 90th birthday. On May 8, 2008, she participated in a "Salute to Television Moms" panel discussion organized by the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. Recognition Lord has a star in the television section of the Hollywood Walk of Fame, at 6317 Hollywood Boulevard. The star was dedicated on February 8, 1960. Personal life Lord was married three times. She wed actor John Archer on December 30, 1941, and they had two children, including actress Anne Archer. They were married from 1941 until their divorce in 1955. Her second husband was producer Randolph Hale, to whom she was married from 1958 until his death in 1974. Her third husband was Harry Volk, the former CEO of Union Bank and a Los Angeles philanthropist, to whom she was married from 1976 until his death in 2000. Her memoir is entitled A Dance and a Hug. Lord is grandmother of Tommy Davis, son of her daughter Anne, both of whom are noted members of the Church of Scientology. Death Lord died on November 28, 2015, aged 97, at her home in Beverly Hills, California of natural causes. She is survived by her daughter Anne Archer, her son, Gregg Archer, grandchildren Tommy Davis, Jeffrey Jastrow, Tracey McCarter, Adelle Archer, and Nathan Archer, and three great-grandchildren. Upon her death, she was cremated and her ashes given to her son, Gregg Archer. Filmography Film Television Stage Bibliography A Dance and a Hug, by Marjorie Lord (2004) References External links 1918 births 2015 deaths 20th-century American actresses American film actresses American stage actresses American television actresses American people of German descent Actresses from San Francisco Actresses from New York City American women writers Writers from Los Angeles 21st-century American women
Boston Shamrock Rovers (also known as Boston Rovers) were an American soccer team that competed in the United Soccer Association (USA) league in 1967. The team was based in Lynn, Massachusetts and played their home games at the Manning Bowl. The team folded when the USA merged with the National Professional Soccer League to form the North American Soccer League. History In 1966 several groups of entrepreneurs were exploring the idea of forming a professional soccer league in United States. One of these groups, United Soccer Association (USA) led by Jack Kent Cooke, selected 12 cities for team locations and Weston Adams, owner of the Boston Bruins, was awarded the Boston franchise. The USA originally planned to start play in the spring of 1968; however the rival National Professional Soccer League, which secured a TV contract from CBS, announced it was ready to launch in 1967. Not wanting to let the rival league gain an advantage, the USA decided to launch early. Not having secured any player contracts, the league imported teams from Europe, Brazil, and Uruguay. Shamrock Rovers F.C. of the League of Ireland were brought over to represent the city of Boston. Rovers opened the season at home against the Detroit Cougars in a 1 - 1 draw. A disallowed goal by the Cougars due to an offsides call lead to an argument with the linesman who was hit in the face by a Detroit player. Shamrock Rovers finished the season in last place of the Eastern Division with a record of 2 wins 3 ties and 7 loses, the worst in the league, and with an average attendance 4,171. Prior to the 1968 season the United Soccer Association merged with the National Professional Soccer League to form the North American Soccer League. The merged league decided not to have two-team cities and, as such, the incoming Boston Beacons from the NPSL would be Boston's NASL franchise. Year-by-Year Match results See also Boston Beacons Boston Minutemen New England Tea Men External links Boston Rovers stats List of Boston Rovers players https://www.nasljerseys.com/Rosters/Rovers_Rosters.htm https://historyofsoccer.info/united-soccer-association Notes Sources The Hoops by Paul Doolan and Robert Goggins () References General Defunct soccer clubs in Massachusetts Shamrock Rovers F.C. Soccer clubs in Massachusetts Sports in Lynn, Massachusetts United Soccer Association franchises 1966 establishments in Massachusetts 1968 disestablishments in Massachusetts Association football clubs established in 1966 Association football clubs disestablished in 1968 Sports clubs and teams in Essex County, Massachusetts
Julia Doria is a Slovene writer, illustrator and visual artist. Ljubljana, Slovenia. She writes children's books and prose fiction for adults. Her illustrations appear in children's picture books and in prose fiction and nonfiction books. Life and work She graduated from the Faculty of Arts, Library and Information Science and Book Studies in Ljubljana in 2004 and from Academy of Fine Arts, Illustration & Visual Communication Design in Ljubljana in 2015. Since 2005 she has run her publishing house Atelje Doria. Published works Kresnička in njena lučka (The little Firefly and her Light), children's book, 2007 Naša kužica zaspanka (Our Puppy the Sleepyhead), children's book, 2007 Aidor – Legenda o Griču tisočerih rož (Aidor – The Legend of Thousand Fower Hill), prose, 2007 Netopirček Tinček (Tincek, the little Bat), children's book, 2008 Mavrica pripoveduje (The Rainbow is talking), children's book, 2010 Kresnička Sija in pikapolonica Lili na mavrični gugalnici (Sija the Firefly and Lili the Ladybug on Rainbow Swing ), children's book, 2011 Kako je muren Vladimir presenetil svet (How Vladimir the Cricket surprised the World), children's book, 2011 Diamanti na tvojem dvorišču (Diamonds in Your own Backyard), prose, 2011 Samoregulacija in učenje (Self-regulation and learning), 2011 Psička Pia in borovnice (Puppy Pia and the blueberries), children's book, 2012 Povodni mož Svit je zaljubljen (Svit the Water Man is in Love), children's book, 2012 Keltski vrt (Celtic garden), 2013 Vesoljček Pi (Alien Pi), children's book, 2015 Rdeči jelen in lešniki (The red Deer and the Hazelnuts), children's book, 2016 Feniks : grenko sladka mikropoezija, poetry, 2017 Abeceda z žužki, children's book, 2016 Marsovčki na počitnicah, children's book, 2017 , English translation When little Martians had holidays Metulj Modrin in čarobni vrt, children's book, 2017 , English translation The Chapman's Blue butterfly and the secret garden Cvetek, ki se ni hotel zmočiti, children's book, 2017 , English translation A floret that did not want to get wet Taščica, children's book, 2018 , English translation The redbreast Radovedni podlesek Albert, children's book, 2018 , English translation Curious Albert the hazel dormouse Glej, žaba!, children's book, 2018 , English translation Look, a frog! Čmrlj Brenčač, children's book, 2018 , English translation The buzzing bumblebee Dežela sneženega moža, children's book, 2019 , English translation The Land of the Snowman Zvonček in stržek prikličeta pomlad, children's book, 2019 , English translation The snowdrop and the wren summon the spring Vrt škrata Avgusta, children's book, 2019 , English translation The garden of August the dwarf Žužkopis : slikopis z žuželkami, children's book, 2019 Ptičje strašilo in lastovka, children's book, 2019 , English translation The scarecrow and the swallow References Sources Profession: Writer, illustrator – Interview Mavrica.net, published articles Kresnik.eu, published articles Wikinavedek, quotes External links Julia Doria, Books Julia Doria, Illustrations & paintings Slovenian children's writers Slovenian women poets Slovenian poets Slovenian illustrators Slovenian children's book illustrators Slovenian women children's writers Slovenian women artists Artists from Ljubljana Writers from Ljubljana Living people University of Ljubljana alumni Slovenian women illustrators 21st-century Slovenian women writers 21st-century women artists Year of birth missing (living people)
Phagam is a village development committee in Rolpa District in the Rapti Zone of north-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2428 people living in 466 individual households. References Populated places in Rolpa District
Leonard Richmond (1889-1965) was a Somerset born British watercolour landscape artist who spent a large part of his career in Canada and was noted for his railway posters. Biography During World War I Richmond served as an official war artist for Canada. In the 1920s and 1930s he produced posters promoting the Canadian Pacific Railway plus the Southern and Great Western Railways in Britain. Richmond was awarded several prizes including the Tuthill Prize (1928) at the Chicago International Watercolour Exhibition and a silver medal (1947) at the Paris Salon. Examples of his pictures are held by several public collections in Britain including: The British Museum; All Souls College, Oxford; the National Railway Museum; The National Trust (Cliveden); Newport Museum and Art Gallery; and Penlee House Gallery and Museum. Selected publications Richmond, L. (1969). The technique of oil painting. London: Pitman. Richmond, L. (1966). From the sketch to the finished picture: Oil painting. London: Pitman. Richmond, L., Bell, V., Nash, P., Kauffer, E. M. K., & Friday Club (London, England). (1933). The technique of the poster. London: Sir Isaac Pittman & Sons Ltd. Richmond, L. (1966). The art of landscape painting. Pitman. Gallery Images of Richmonds work: References External links 1889 births 1965 deaths 20th-century English painters 20th-century English male artists Artists from Somerset British poster artists British war artists English male painters
Australian Fighting Championship (AFC) is an Australian mixed martial arts (MMA) organisation based in Melbourne. In 2013 AFC was described as Australia's leading MMA organisation by MMA Kanvas and is part of Sherdog's list of top 50 global MMA organisations (2014). Since AFC 4, all events have been successfully streamed live via pay-per-view. AFC was the second ranked Australasian promotion in 2013 according to MMA media outlet Fight Sport Asia. AFC CEO Adam Milankovic has had multiple media appearances promotioning the sport of MMA to the public. AFC has showcased the talents of elite Australian and New Zealand mixed martial artists alongside international talent. 2017 has seen the expansion of the promotion into Mainland China and a major rebranding to the Australasian Fighting Championship (AFC). Cage ban The 2008 "cage ban" in Victoria meant MMA competitions, while legal were conducted inside a boxing ring and not a purpose built cage (with the exception of AFC 9 in Albury, New South Wales). In the Victorian State election in November 2014, The Victorian branch of the Labor Party campaigned to revoke the cage ban. With success in the election the ban is set to be repealed allowing AFC to promote MMA in a caged enclosure to ensure optimum safety of fighters. Current champions Australian Fighting Championship Title history Australian Fighting Championship Heavyweight Championship Weight limit: Australian Fighting Championship Light Heavyweight Championship Weight limit: Australian Fighting Championship Middleweight Championship Weight limit: Australian Fighting Championship Welterweight Championship Weight limit: Australian Fighting Championship Lightweight Championship Weight limit: Australian Fighting Championship Featherweight Championship Weight limit: Australian Fighting Championship Bantamweight Championship Weight limit: Scheduled events Past events Notable alumni Israel Adesanya (UFC) Hector Lombard (UFC) Soa Palelei (UFC) Dylan Andrews (UFC) Richie Vaculik (UFC) Peter Graham (Bellator) Bec Rawlings (UFC) Dan Kelly (UFC) Jake Matthews (UFC) Dan Hooker (UFC) Damien Brown (UFC) Alexander Volkanovski (UFC) Tai Tuivasa (UFC) Luke Jumeau (UFC) Tyson Pedro (UFC) References External links List of Events on Sherdog 2010 establishments in Australia Mixed martial arts in Australia Mixed martial arts organizations Sports organizations established in 2010
Paint It Black is the third novel by American author Janet Fitch. Paint it Black is set in Los Angeles, California during the 1980s punk rock scene. There are references to artists and events of that era, such as the Germs (with emphasis on their lead singer Darby Crash) and the death of John Lennon, along with insights into the art world that surrounds the protagonist, Josie. The book was first published in 2006. Background Janet Fitch's third novel was originally planned to be a lengthy historical novel. But after her publisher contacted her regarding the manuscript, Fitch was told that the project would most likely not be fulfilled. She was given approval to finish Paint It Black after her agent read about one hundred pages of the handwritten manuscript. Fitch originally considered this work a side project. Reaction Some fans were unhappy with the final result, one reviewer saying, "If you enjoyed White Oleander, as I did, and expect more of the same in Paint It Black, you’ll be disappointed." Another was quoted as saying, "How Paint It Black holds up for readers under the scrutiny of comparison remains to be seen, but Fitch's fans should know that while the plot is very different, her new book returns to many of the same settings and themes she introduced in White Oleander, this time exploring them in an even deeper way." Karen Valby, of Entertainment Weekly, is quoted in her review as saying, "The two lash at each other's jugulars, their shared misery both a balm and a repellent. Would that Fitch had left the little punk to her vodka and speed, and zeroed in on the wicked older woman." Fitch herself, in an Amazon.com blog dated December 4, 2007, said, "Paint It Black started as a gothic little short story, which became the emotional core of the book, like a secret windowless room at the heart of a haunted mansion. Then I built outwards from that room, into the outer life of the book, until I finally got the beginning, and then the ending, which is the doorway out, into the sun." Adaptation The novel was adapted into a movie of the same name in 2016 directed by Amber Tamblyn and starring Alia Shawkat as Josie. References 2006 novels Little, Brown and Company books Novels set in Los Angeles Fiction set in the 1980s
Karen Arnold-Burger (born 1957) is the Chief Judge of the Kansas Court of Appeals. Education and legal career Arnold-Burger received her bachelor's degrees from the University of Kansas in 1978 and her Juris Doctor from the University of Kansas School of Law in 1981. Arnold-Burger served as First Assistant City Attorney for the City of Overland Park before accepting a position as an Assistant United States Attorney in Kansas City, Kansas. She was appointed to the Overland Park Municipal Court in 1991, and was appointed Presiding Judge of that court in 1996. Appointment to Kansas Court of Appeals Arnold-Burger was one of three nominees recommended for a seat on the Kansas Court of Appeals. She was appointed to the court by Governor Mark Parkinson on January 6, 2011 to the seat vacated by former Chief Judge Gary W. Rulon and was sworn in on March 4, 2011. Arnold-Burger was retained on November 6, 2012, and again on November 8, 2016. Her current four-year term expires on January 10, 2021. She was selected by the Kansas Supreme Court as chief judge of the court of appeals for a four-year term beginning in January 2017. Consideration for Kansas Supreme Court Arnold-Burger was one of five candidates recommended by the Supreme Court Nominating Commission for a seat on the Kansas Supreme Court vacated by Nancy Moritz. Teaching She has been an adjunct faculty member at the National Judicial College since 2000, and was elected by her fellow faculty members to serve on the Faculty Council beginning in 2010. Personal She was born in Kansas City, Kansas in 1957. She and her husband have been married for 37 years and have three grown children and one grandchild. See also 2020 Kansas elections References External links Official Biography on Kansas Judicial Branch website 1957 births Living people 20th-century American lawyers 20th-century American judges 21st-century American judges Assistant United States Attorneys Kansas Court of Appeals Judges Kansas lawyers Kansas state court judges People from Kansas City, Kansas University of Kansas alumni University of Kansas School of Law alumni 20th-century American women lawyers 20th-century American women judges 21st-century American women judges
The northern alligator lizard (Elgaria coerulea) is a species of medium-sized lizard in the family Anguidae. The species is endemic to the North American west coast. Taxonomy The northern alligator lizard was formerly known by the scientific name of Gerrhonotus coeruleus , but more recently has been assigned to the genus Elgaria. Subspecies Four subspecies are recognized as being valid, including the nominotypical subspecies. E. c. coerulea – San Francisco alligator lizard E. c. palmeri – Sierra alligator lizard E. c. principis – Northwestern alligator lizard E. c. shastensis – Shasta alligator lizard A trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Elgaria. The subspecies E. c. principis is one of five species of lizards in Canada. Etymology The subspecific name, palmeri, is in honor of American zoologist Theodore Sherman Palmer. Description The northern alligator lizard is a medium-sized slender lizard. Adults reach a snout-to-vent length (SVL) of about and a total length (including tail) of roughly . It has a distinct skin fold on each side, separating the keeled scales on the back from the smooth ventral scales. The skin varies in color, but can be brown and white or greenish yellow and brown. Dorsally, E. coerulea is brownish in color and often has dark blotches that sometimes blend together into bands. The throat and mouth area of some young individuals can be yellow. The belly is light gray. The eyes are dark. Diet The typical diet of E. coerulea includes crickets, slugs, beetles, spiders, and moths, but it will also take larger prey, such as small lizards, and will even eat small baby mice if given the opportunity. Reproduction The northern alligator lizard is live-bearing, producing up to 15 young (typically 4–5), between June and September. During the spring breeding season, a male lizard grasps the head of a female with his mouth until she is ready to let him mate with her. They can remain attached this way for many hours, almost oblivious to their surroundings. Besides keeping her from running off to mate with another male, this probably shows her how strong and suitable a mate he is. Distribution The northern alligator lizard occurs along the Pacific Coast and in the Rocky Mountains from southern British Columbia through Washington, northern Idaho and western Montana south through Oregon to the coastal range and the Sierra Nevada in central California. As the map shows, the different subspecies have quite different geographic ranges, with E. c. principis being the most widely distributed, whereas E. c. coerulea occurs mainly around the San Francisco area but is also found farther north into Humboldt County. The species is widely distributed along the Pacific coast and can be found from sea level up to elevation of about . It is found in a variety of forested habitats and montane chaparral. As winter sets in, colder temperatures force northern alligator lizards to undergo brumation. Brumation allows them to reduce caloric usage and retain body heat during winter. Often, western alligator lizards choose to hide under rocks—though logs and burrows are occasionally used—to undergo this process. See also Southern alligator lizard References Further reading Boulenger GA (1885). Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Second Edition. Volume II. ... Anguidæ ... London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 497 pp. + Plates I-XXIV. (Gerrhonotus cæruleus, pp. 273–274). Wiegmann AF (1828). "Beiträge zur Amphibienkunde ". Isis von Oken 21 (4): 364-383. (Gerrhonotus coeruleus, new species, p. 380). (in German and Latin). External links Images from Californiaherps.com Description and range map from the California Department of Fish and Game. Taxonomical Information Description, photos, and information from the British Columbia Ministry of Environment Elgaria Fauna of the California chaparral and woodlands Fauna of the San Francisco Bay Area Fauna of the Sierra Nevada (United States) Reptiles of Canada Reptiles of the United States Reptiles described in 1828 Taxa named by Arend Friedrich August Wiegmann
Arthur Briton Menzies (13 May 1892 – 31 October 1960), also known by the nickname of "Joe", was a New Zealand professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s. He played at representative level for New Zealand (Heritage No. 187), and Waikato, and at club level for the Ngaruawahia Panthers, as a , i.e. number 8 or 10, during the era of contested scrums. International honours Menzies represented New Zealand in 1926 against Wales. References 1892 births 1960 deaths New Zealand national rugby league team players New Zealand rugby league players People from Norfolk Island Rugby league props Waikato rugby league team players Ngaruawahia Panthers players
Lockesporte, also spelled Lockesport or Lockport and originally known as Lock's Harbour, was a fishing village and logging community on the eastern coast of Seal Bay, within the much larger Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland, Canada. Lockesporte first appeared in census records in 1869 (as Lock's Harbour), at which point it was recorded as having 34 inhabitants, though this likely included the residents of neighbouring Winter House Cove. The population fell to a low of 15 in 1911, before rebounding to 74 in 1951. In the late 1960s, both it and Winter House Cove were resettled, with 39 Lockesporte residents moving to Glovers Harbour and the remainder to Leading Tickles, Point Leamington, and Deer Lake. See also List of ghost towns in Newfoundland and Labrador Notes References Ghost towns in Newfoundland and Labrador 1960s disestablishments in Newfoundland and Labrador Populated places disestablished in the 1960s
"A Proportional Response" is the third episode of the first season of The West Wing, an American serial television drama. The episode aired on October 6, 1999 on NBC. The episode centers around the continuation of a storyline introduced in the previous episode, in which a plane carrying a new friend of President Bartlet was attacked by the Syrian government. The episode also sees the introduction of Dulé Hill as Charlie Young, and an argument between C. J. Cregg and Sam Seaborn over Sam's decision to befriend a call girl. Cast Plot "A Proportional Response" is a continuation of a storyline that began in the previous episode, "Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc": a plane carrying a new friend of President Bartlet was blown up by the Syrian government. The president's military advisors recommend that he simply respond with a proportional military incursion, bombing several highly-rated military targets, but he rejects this idea, asking "what is the virtue of a proportional response"? He angrily demands that his advisors come up with something far more drastic. But when they do present that plan – an airport bombing with thousands of civilian casualties – he reluctantly picks the initial, proportional bombing instead. This episode also introduces Charlie Young, a young Black man who came to the White House looking for a job as a messenger. Instead, deputy White House Chief of Staff Josh Lyman persuades him to take a job as personal aide to the president. He agrees to take the job in the Oval Office, just before the president addresses the nation on television following the successful bombings. Meanwhile, C. J. Cregg, the White House press secretary, has learned that deputy Communications Director Sam Seaborn is friends with a call girl. After excoriating Josh Lyman for not telling her earlier, she has an argument with Sam about the optics of the friendship. C. J. reminds Sam that he works for the White House, and that any story involving him and a call girl will be terrible for the president. Sam counters that he hasn't actually done anything wrong, and that C. J. should have the courage to stand up to members of the press who believe that it's the public's right to know who he's friends with. Reaction and trivia As mentioned above, "A Proportional Response" sees the introduction of Dulé Hill to the cast of The West Wing as Charlie; he was cast in the role after the NAACP criticized the show for not including any people of color. Hill reflected on the episode in 2017, in an interview on his new role as Angelo, the villain of Sleight; he quipped that he did not think his new, nefarious character would even understand the definition of "a proportional response". Stephen Thompson and Christina Tucker, recording a piece for NPR, touch on the episode as an example of how The West Wing can present itself realistically, rather than its usual perception of idealism. Thompson questioned why the show would be perceived as idealistic at all, when he perceived most of the policy dilemmas on the show as realistic; the two bad choices in responding to Syria's aggression, exemplified by Leo's musing of "there is no good; it's what there is", match with the show's basic theme of picking the lesser of two evils. Thompson, in answering his own question, said that he realized that it was the show's characters who were portrayed idealistically, in that they always strove to do the right thing rather than what was politically advantageous. Eleanor Robertson, writing for stuff.co.nz, focused on a line of dialogue in which C. J. calls Josh an "elitist, Harvard, fascist, missed-the-Dean's-list-two-semesters-in-a-row Yankee jackass!". She mentioned the line as one of "TV's best comebacks against sexist nonsense". While Robertson proclaims herself to be "the world's leading advocate for Aaron Sorkin to rack off down a very deep hole", she praises the dialogue, remarking that it was satisfying to watch a woman refer to a man as a "fascist". Robertson remarks that the line proves that women are best suited for calling out injustices performed by the Man. Steve Heisler, writing for The A.V. Club, gave the episode a "B+". Liz Miller, writing for IndieWire, listed "A Proportional Response" as one of "15(ish) episodes of The West Wing to binge view In celebration of America". She praised its "classic West Wing moment" in the final scene, a scene meant to inspire viewers and praise public service. References The West Wing (season 1) episodes 1999 American television episodes
Batodaeus adanad is a species of crabs in the family Xanthidae, the only species in the genus Batodaeus. References Xanthoidea Monotypic decapod genera
Bipolaris cookei is a plant pathogen that affects sorghum, infecting leaf veins and lesions and causing target leaf spot. It is found in the United States, Sudan, Israel, Cyprus, South America, and India. References External links Index Fungorum USDA ARS Fungal Database Fungi of North America Fungi of South America Fungi of Asia Fungi of Africa Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Sorghum diseases Pleosporaceae
Hogrän () is a populated area, a socken (not to be confused with parish), on the Swedish island of Gotland. It comprises the same area as the administrative Hogrän District, established on 1January 2016. Geography Hogrän is situated in the central inland of Gotland. The land is mainly flat farmlands mixed with meadows in the east part and forests and mires in the west. Most noted is Prostarve Änge where wild orchids grow. The medieval Hogrän Church is located in the socken. , Hogrän Church belongs to Vall-Hogrän-Atlingbo parish in Eskelhems pastorat, along with the churches in Vall and Atlingbo. History A cache containing 23 sausage-shaped Viking Age bronze ingots were found in Hogrän. The find that also contained a penannular brooch and a pin. The find is called the Stora Enbjänne find, after the farm it was found on. In 1924, it was appropriated by Swedish History Museum in Stockholm where it is now kept. Several other finds have been made in the vicinity of Stora Enbjänne. Among these are a gold bracteate, a pot or silver coins, brooches, bracelets and weights. Traces and remnants from metal working have also been found. References External links Objects from Hogrän at the Digital Museum by Nordic Museum Populated places in Gotland County
David and the Giants began as a rock band in Laurel, Mississippi, with the Huff brothers David, Clayborn and Rayborn. Along with Jerry Parker on drums, they toured the Southeast during the 1960s. In 1977, they switched to a Christian rock format. They continued to sing and record together through 1999. Recording and performing together for almost 40 years, the band released 17 albums. Though the band's style has been compared to that of Mylon LeFevre and Broken Heart, their most commercially successful work came in the 1960s with a sound, augmented by The Muscle Shoals Horns, that closely resembled that of Jay & the Techniques. Music career Early years and conversion The band released its first single, a cover version of "Rockin' Robin" around 1964, under the name of Little David & the Giants. In 1969, Keith Thibodeaux (best known as "Little Ricky" from I Love Lucy) joined the band. His arrival marked the beginning of the band's most commercially successful era. Although band members often described their sound as having its roots in Southern rock, the band's most successful recordings became popular in England in the 1970s and 80s as Northern soul – songs that featured a mixture of a Top 40 sound with horns and strings. In 1969, they achieved regional success in the southeastern US with singles of that genre entitled "Superlove" and "Ten Miles High". Their work of that era was distributed in both the United States and in the United Kingdom. "Superlove", "Ten Miles High" and some of the band's other late sixties singles have appeared on various genre compilations. In the early 1970s, the band performed in concert with Styx, Black Oak Arkansas, Cheech and Chong and Chuck Berry. David Huff was in the studio with The Rolling Stones when they recorded the song, "Brown Sugar", and also spent some time in the studio with artists such as Stevie Wonder and Rod Stewart. In 1977, the band members converted to Christianity. That same year they released their first Christian album, Song of Songs. Released without label support, it contained ballads and a mixture of pop-rock. Their second album, This One's for You had a similar sound. Two years later, the band recorded Step in My Shoes. Devoid of up-tempo songs, the album was not commercially successful. For their fourth album, the band returned to a sound much closer to their musical roots. Almost Midnight, a rock album, was more successful than the first three. They continued with that sound for their fifth attempt, entitled Heaven or Hell. Commercial peak and decline In the 1980s, the band signed with CBS Priority Records in Nashville. The first release, entitled simply David and the Giants was widely distributed and sold well. The band's next album, Riders in the Sky, contained concert staples like "Riders in the Sky" "Step by Step", "King of the Jews", "Superstar" and "Look at the People". The band released another album called Inhabitants of the Rock, which though not commercially successful, contained the radio releases "I Can Depend on You" and "I Am Persuaded". It went out of print in the early 1990s. Two more albums followed, Under Control and Magnificat. Both were well-received by fans. The band concluded the 1980s with Strangers to the Night and R-U Gonna Stand Up. In 1989, the song "Here's My Heart" from R-U Gonna Stand Up received airplay on heritage CHR/Top 40 station WNCI in Columbus, Ohio, thanks to a mislabeled CD of what was supposed to be a copy of a single from the group Soul II Soul. WNCI program director Dave Robbins liked the song enough to put the song on the air, although they did not know who the artist was at the time. WNCI received such positive response to the song that it was added into regular rotation. Keith Thibodeaux left the band after recording "R U Gonna Stand Up" in the summer of 1989. In the 1990s, the band was not commercially successful. Though they had three hits from their albums "Stumbling Block to a Stepping Stone", "I'm Still Rocking" and "Always on My Mind", their most successful album had been Angels Unaware. By 1997, the band had been on the road for almost 30 years and decided it was time to do something else. At the end of the year, the band ceased to record and perform together. Band members since 1997 David Huff continued to perform as a solo act and operates a recording studio near Atlanta, Georgia. He released a series of solo albums, including Really in 2000 and Proclaim in 2003 (which was re-released by Christian Records in 2004). Let My Guitar Talk, an instrumental album, was released in 2008. Do You Know What I Mean was released in August 2008. The Huff brothers occasionally performed together as "David and the Giants". On December 9, 2007, they joined former drummer Keith Thibodeaux for a reunion concert at Emmanuel Praise Church in Monroe, Georgia. They also performed at the 2011 Nashville Amp Expo with guitarist Phil Keaggy, who joined them during their set. In September 2014, David and the Giants (David Huff, Clayborn Huff, Rayborn Huff and Keith Thibodeaux) released "Still Rockin". The live album was recorded at New Life Church in Pearl, Mississippi, in mid-2013. The CD also features four songs recorded by the band at Huff Recording in Athens, Georgia. The band continued to perform in the U.S. and internationally. In 2017, they performed and were honored by the Jimmie Rodgers Music Foundation to receive The Jimmie Award in Meridian, Mississippi (along with other Mississippi musicians and songwriters such as Steve Forbert and George Soule). In August 2017, a live concert album and video was recorded in St. Louis, Missouri, celebrating 40 years of David and the Giants music. In September 2018, the band recorded their first full studio album with the original band since 1989. What Are You Waiting For? was released on March 5, 2019. It was recorded with the original lineup of David Huff, Clayborn Huff, Rayborn Huff and Keith Thibodeaux in Athens, Georgia. Members Dennon Dearman – bass guitar (1994–1999) Gerald Hagan – piano (1977–1979) Owen Hale – drums (1977–1978) Clayborn Huff – bass guitar (1963–present) David W. Huff – guitar, vocals (1963–present) Lance Huff – drums (1989–1999) Rayborn Huff – keyboards (1963–present) Jerry Parker – drums (1963–1967) Bob Gauthier – guitar (1969–1971) Friday Nelson – drums (1969) David Shelton – drums (1977) Gregg Giuffria – keyboards (1971–1972) Bobby Torello – drums (1973) Mike Jackson – vocals (1974–1977) Johnny Hozey – guitar (1974–1977) Tommy Aldridge – drums (1972) David Morris – bass (1974–1977) Norman Stokes – keyboards (1974–1976) Tony Taylor – drums (1978) Keith Thibodeaux – drums (1969–1977, 1979–1989, 2007–present) Discography Singles "Rockin' Robin"/"I'll Always Love You" (1963–1964) – Little David & the Giants (Charm Records) "On Bended Knees"/"Someday You're Gonna Be Sorry" (1967) (Amy Records) "Ten Miles High"/"I'm Down So Low" (1968) (Crazy Horse Records) "Superlove"/"Rolling in My Sleep" (1968) (Crazy Horse) "Don't Say No"/"Love 'em and Leave 'em" (1968) (Capitol Records) "Super Good Feeling"/"A Letter to Josephine" (1970) (Fame Records) Albums Song of Songs (1977) (Song of Songs Records) This One's for You (1978) (Song of Songs) Step in My Shoes (1979) (Song of Songs) Almost Midnight (1980) (Song of Songs) Heaven or Hell (1981) (Song of Songs) David and the Giants (1982) (Priority Records) Riders in the Sky (1983) (Priority) Inhabitants of the Rock (1984) (Myrrh Records) Under Control (1985) (Myrrh) Magnificat (1987) (Myrrh) Strangers to the Night (1988) (Giant Records) R-U Gonna Stand Up (1989) (Giant) Distant Journey (1990) (Giant) Long Time Coming (1992) (Giant) Giant Hits (1993) (Giant) Angels Unaware (1995) (Giant/Benson Records) Dream (1996) (Giant) Still Rockin (2014) (Giant) – David Huff, Clayborn Huff, Rayborn Huff & Keith Thibodeaux Live in Pearl David and the Giants (2017) (Giant) – David Huff, Clayborn Huff, Rayborn Huff & Keith Thibodeaux The Best Is Yet To Come (2017) (Giant) – 40th anniversary video and audio disc live in St. Louis – David Huff, Clayborn Huff, Rayborn Huff & Keith Thibodeaux What Are You Waiting For? (2019) (Giant) – David Huff, Clayborn Huff, Rayborn Huff & Keith Thibodeaux David Huff solo albums Really (2000) (Giant Records) Proclaim (2004) (Giant) Let My Guitar Talk (2008) (Giant) Do You Know What I Mean (2008) (Giant) Living in the Future (2012) (Giant) Wait (2013) (Giant) Born For This (2016) (Giant) References External links Radio CSS Interview with David Huff (Audio) American Christian rock groups Rock music groups from Mississippi Musical groups established in 1963 Myrrh Records artists 1963 establishments in Mississippi
Roland Forthomme (born 3 November 1970) is a Belgian carom billiards player. He won twice at the Three-Cushion World Cup from 2005 to 2006. Forthomme got into second place five times and third place twice at the Three-Cushion World Cup from 2007 to 2019. In 2012, he set a record in three-cushion billiards. In 2021, Forthomme went into surgery after contracting heart failure, later returning into his profession. References External links 1970 births Living people Place of birth missing (living people) Belgian carom billiards players Three-cushion billiards players World champions in three-cushion billiards World Cup champions in three-cushion billiards
Sanwal "Atta" Esakhelvi is a British-Pakistani visual effects supervisor, sound designer, singer, musician and songwriter. Before establishing himself as a singer, Esakhelvi was a professional cricketer until 2006 and has worked in British film industry as a VFX artist and sound engineer. He released his first album Teray Khayal Mein (2017) and debuted as a featured artist in the tenth-season of Coke Studio along with his father. Personal life Esakhelvi was born to veteran Saraiki singer Attaullah Khan Esakhelvi, while his mother Bazgha was a renowned actress and his sister Laraib Atta is a professional VFX artist who has worked for several Oscar winning Hollywood films. He also has one brother, Bilawal, who is an actor and director based in London, as well as also being a musician. Esakhelvi graduated from City, University of London in sound engineering when an injury made him quit his professional cricket career, "I was always into sports but then an injury forced music to take over." Discography Album Television Soundtracks Coke Studio Pakistan References External links Sanwal Esakhelvi at Coke Studio Living people Pakistani folk singers Pakistani male singers People from Mianwali District Visual effects artists Sound designers Pashtun people Year of birth missing (living people)
Chlorotrianisene (CTA), also known as tri-p-anisylchloroethylene (TACE) and sold under the brand name Tace among others, is a nonsteroidal estrogen related to diethylstilbestrol (DES) which was previously used in the treatment of menopausal symptoms and estrogen deficiency in women and prostate cancer in men, among other indications, but has since been discontinued and is now no longer available. It is taken by mouth. CTA is an estrogen, or an agonist of the estrogen receptors, the biological target of estrogens like estradiol. It is a high-efficacy partial estrogen and shows some properties of a selective estrogen receptor modulator, with predominantly estrogenic activity but also some antiestrogenic activity. CTA itself is inactive and is a prodrug in the body. CTA was introduced for medical use in 1952. It has been marketed in the United States and Europe. However, it has since been discontinued and is no longer available in any country. Medical uses CTA has been used in the treatment of menopausal symptoms and estrogen deficiency in women and prostate cancer in men, among other indications. It has been used to suppress lactation in women. CTA has been used in the treatment of acne as well. Side effects In men, CTA can produce gynecomastia as a side effect. Conversely, it does not appear to lower testosterone levels in men, and hence does not seem to have a risk of hypogonadism and associated side effects in men. Pharmacology CTA is a relatively weak estrogen, with about one-eighth the potency of DES. However, it is highly lipophilic and is stored in fat tissue for prolonged periods of time, with its slow release from fat resulting in a very long duration of action. CTA itself is inactive; it behaves as a prodrug to desmethylchlorotrianisene (DMCTA), a weak estrogen that is formed as a metabolite via mono-O-demethylation of CTA in the liver. As such, the potency of CTA is reduced if it is given parenterally instead of orally. Although it is referred to as a weak estrogen and was used solely as an estrogen in clinical practice, CTA is a high-efficacy partial agonist of the estrogen receptor. As such, it is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), with predominantly estrogenic effects but also with antiestrogenic effects, and was arguably the first SERM to ever be introduced. CTA can antagonize estradiol at the level of the hypothalamus, resulting in disinhibition of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and an increase in estrogen levels. Clomifene and tamoxifen were both derived from CTA via structural modification, and are much lower-efficacy partial agonists than CTA and hence much more antiestrogenic in comparison. As an example, chlorotrianisene produces gynecomastia in men, albeit reportedly to a lesser extent than other estrogens, while clomifene and tamoxifen do not and can be used to treat gynecomastia. CTA at a dosage of 48 mg/day inhibits ovulation in almost all women. Conversely, it has been reported that CTA has no measurable effect on circulating levels of testosterone in men. This is in contrast to other estrogens, like diethylstilbestrol, which can suppress testosterone levels by as much as 96%—or to an equivalent extent as castration. These findings suggest that CTA is not an effective antigonadotropin in men. Chemistry Chlorotrianisene, also known as tri-p-anisylchloroethylene (TACE) or as tris(p-methoxyphenyl)chloroethylene, is a synthetic nonsteroidal compound of the triphenylethylene group. It is structurally related to the nonsteroidal estrogen diethylstilbestrol and to the SERMs clomifene and tamoxifen. History CTA was introduced for medical use in the United States in 1952, and was subsequently introduced for use throughout Europe. It was the first estrogenic compound of the triphenylethylene series to be introduced. CTA was derived from estrobin (DBE), a derivative of the very weakly estrogenic compound triphenylethylene (TPE), which in turn was derived from structural modification of diethylstilbestrol (DES). The SERMs clomifene and tamoxifen, as well as the antiestrogen ethamoxytriphetol, were derived from CTA via structural modification. Society and culture Generic names Chlorotrianisene is the generic name of the drug and its , , and . It is also known as tri-p-anisylchloroethylene (TACE). Brand names CTA has been marketed under the brand names Tace, Estregur, Anisene, Clorotrisin, Merbentyl, Merbentul, and Triagen among many others. Availability CTA is no longer marketed and hence is no longer available in any country. It was previously used in the United States and Europe. References Abandoned drugs Hormonal antineoplastic drugs Organochlorides Phenol ethers Prodrugs Progonadotropins Selective estrogen receptor modulators Synthetic estrogens Triphenylethylenes Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methanes
Gaston Alfred Green III (born August 1, 1966) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL) for the Los Angeles Rams, Denver Broncos and Los Angeles Raiders. He played college football for the UCLA Bruins, Biography Green was born in Los Angeles, California. He played prep football at Gardena High School in Los Angeles, and played college football at the University of California, Los Angeles. He was selected by the Los Angeles Rams in the 1st round (14th overall) of the 1988 NFL Draft. He was a 5'10", 189-lb. running back from UCLA. Green played in the NFL for five seasons, from 1988 through 1992. He was a Pro Bowl selection in 1991 as a Bronco, rushing for 1,037 yards. Green returned to UCLA in 2011 to complete his college degree. Green's 3,731-yard career record at UCLA was surpassed on November 3, 2012 by tailback Johnathan Franklin. Green and his family live outside of Atlanta, GA. NFL career statistics References External links Pro-Football-Reference.Com database Football.com NFL Enterprises LLC Los Angeles Times: Rams' Gaston Green Is Still Waiting To Deliver on That UCLA Promise 1966 births Living people American football running backs Denver Broncos players Los Angeles Raiders players Los Angeles Rams players UCLA Bruins football players American Conference Pro Bowl players Gardena High School alumni Players of American football from Los Angeles
Armande-Grésinde-Claire-Élisabeth Béjart (1645 – 30 November 1700) was a French stage actress, also known under her stage name Mademoiselle Molière. She was married to Molière, and one of the most famous actresses in the 17th-century. Life She was the daughter of Madeleine Béjart and belonged to the Béjart family, a famous theatre family in 17th-century France. In 1643 her mother Madeleine co-founded, with Molière, the theatre company called Illustre Théâtre. Molière directed her education and she grew up under his eye. Armande married Molière in 1662, when he was 40 and she 17. Together, they had three children: Louis (19 January11 November 1664), Marie Madeleine Esprit (3 August 166523 May 1723) and Pierre Jean-Baptiste Armand (15 September11 October 1672). Early career She played her first important role in Molière's company in June 1663, as Élise in the Critique de l'école des femmes. She was out of the cast for a short time in 1664, when she had a son with Molière, with Louis XIV and Henrietta of England standing sponsors to the child. Her mother had a relationship with Molière, which likely continued after her marriage to him. In the spring, beginning with the fêtes at Versailles given by the king to Anne of Austria and Maria Theresa of Spain, she started her long list of important roles. She was at her best as Celimène, really her own highly finished portrait, in Le Misanthrope, and just as admirable as Angélique in Le Malade imaginaire. She was the Elmire at the first performance of Tartuffe, and the Lucile of Le Bourgeois gentilhomme. All these parts were written by her husband to display her talents to the best advantage, and she made the most of her opportunities. Neither was happy; the wife was a flirt, the husband jealous. On the strength of a scurrilous anonymous pamphlet, La Fameuse Comédienne, ou histoire de la Guérin (1688), her character was slandered. She was certainly guilty of indifference and ingratitude, possibly of infidelity; they separated after the birth of a daughter in 1665, and met only at the theatre until 1671. But Molière too could not resist the charm and grace which fascinated others, and they were reconciled. Later career After Molière's death, the secession of Baron and several other actors, the rivalry of the Hôtel de Bourgogne and the development of the Palais-Royal, by royal patent, into the home of French opera, she brought together actors from the Théâtre du Palais-Royal and the Théâtre du Marais to form the Théâtre Guénégaud on 23 May 1673. The combination, known as the troupe du roi, at first was unfortunate, but in 1679 they secured Mlle du Champmeslé, later absorbed the company of the Hôtel de Bourgogne, and in 1680, the Comédie-Française was born. On 31 May 1677, she married her second husband, the actor Eustache François Guérin (1636–1728), and had one son (1678–1708) by him. She became a Sociétaire of the Comédie-Française, as a member of its pioneer troupe of actors in 1680 (see Troupe of the Comédie-Française in 1680). Retirement She retired 14 October 1694 with a pension of 1000 pounds. Three years after the death of Molière, Armande paid 5400 pounds for a house in Meudon a suburb of Paris. This house had previously been owned by the surgeon Ambroise Paré from 1550. She lived there with her second husband, until her death on 30 November 1700. Her house is now the Museum of Art and History of Meudon. Legacy Her portrait is given in a well-known scene (Act iii., sc. 9) in Le Bourgeois gentilhomme. Notes Attribution Sources Madeleine Jurgens et Elisabeth Maxfield-Miller, Cent ans de recherches sur Molière, sur sa famille et sur les comédiens de sa troupe, Paris, Archives nationales, 1963. 1640 births 1700 deaths 17th-century French actresses French stage actresses Sociétaires of the Comédie-Française
Rézentières (; ) is a commune in the Cantal department in south-central France. Population See also Communes of the Cantal department References Communes of Cantal
Gordon Stanley Jones (October 23, 1926 – December 30, 1998), sometimes credited as G. Stanley Jones, Stanley G. Jones or Stanley Jones, was a Canadian-born radio, film and television actor. Early life Jones was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Career Jones appeared in over thirty television series productions and in eight films. He did extensive voice acting, including an imitation of Peter Lorre with a French accent on the radio program Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar. He was the narrator of the film Little Shop of Horrors (1986). One of his few non-voice roles was as a teller in an episode of the television series Beverly Hills, 90210. Stan Jones is best known as the voice of Lex Luthor, the Superman villain and leader of The Legion of Doom, in the Hanna-Barbera television series Challenge Of The Superfriends, as well as voicing the characters Scourge, Lord Zarak and Weirdwolf in the television series The Transformers. He also played the voices of Kingpin and Doctor Octopus in the 1981 Spider-Man animated series. He voiced the Milkman, Wordsworth and Riff Raff in the television series Heathcliff (also known as Heathcliff and The Catillac Cats). He also voiced McAlister in the 1995 Don Bluth film The Pebble and the Penguin. Death Jones died, age 72, of complications from cancer in Los Angeles, California. References External links 1926 births 1998 deaths Deaths from cancer in California Canadian expatriate male actors in the United States Canadian male film actors Canadian male radio actors Canadian male television actors Canadian male voice actors Male actors from Toronto 20th-century Canadian male actors
Anders Sundström (born 26 July 1952) is a Swedish banker, businessman and former politician of the Swedish Social Democratic Party. Biography Sundström studied human geography and economics at Umeå University from 1972 to 1975, and became mayor of Piteå Municipality in 1980, at the age 27, the youngest at the time. He stayed as mayor until 1994. Following the 1994 Swedish general election, when the Social Democrats returned to government, Sundström served as government minister. He was first Minister for Employment from 1994 to 1996, in the Carlsson III Cabinet. Following the formation of the Persson Cabinet, he was Minister for Enterprise from 1996 to 1998. Following the 1998 election, Björn Rosengren was appointed Minister for Enterprise, a post that Sundström had wished to retain. Instead, he was offered the post of Minister for Social Affairs, which he accepted after some hesitation. After having held the post for 20 days in October 1998, he changed his mind and resigned. Sundström served as Member of Parliament in 1998, following his resignation from the government. In 1999 Sundström became the CEO of the Pitedalens Sparbank, a savings bank in his home region, which in 2001 was renamed Sparbanken Nord following a fusion with another bank. In 2002 Sundström returned to parliament, following the 2002 election, and stayed until 2004. Sundström was appointed the CEO of insurance company Folksam in 2004, a post he held until 2013. He was then the chairman of Swedbank from 2013 to April 2016. A short time before Sundström had to leave the post as chairman he had sacked CEO Michael Wolf. He was considered a possible contender for the leadership of the Social Democratic Party after Håkan Juholt's resignation in January 2012. Sundström is domestic partner with Social Democratic politician Anna Hallberg. References 1952 births Living people Swedish Ministers for Social Affairs Swedish Ministers for Industry Swedish Ministers for Employment Members of the Riksdag from the Social Democrats 20th-century Swedish politicians Swedish businesspeople Umeå University alumni
Vayanadan Thamban is a 1978 Indian Malayalam-language horror film directed by A. Vincent and produced by S. Hariharan a Director of Radio Advertising Services, starring Kamal Haasan and Latha . Kamal Haasan plays the role of a 100-year-old warlock. The film was dubbed in Tamil-language as Kanni Vettai and later Hindi-language as Pyasa Shaitan with added scenes by director Joginder. The horror theme was the first of its kind when it was released. The movie is about an old warlock who seduces women for a devil to gain youth in return. Latha paired with Kamal Haasan in first time in this movie and acting without makeup. The film hit at box office. Plot The plot starts in a period set in early 19th century, in a ruined fortress of an old feudal warlord, Vayanadan Thamban who is in his fag end of his life. He resorts to devil worship and appeases the Devil- Karimuthey who appears before him. He requests him to provide everlasting youth. The devil grants his wish, on the condition that he must be appeased by offering 10 virgin girls at every specific interval of his life. Upon offering each virgin girl, the devil grants him nectar of youth, that can reverse his age back to youth and warns, failing to do so, he will absorb all energy of Thamban and his body shall be rotten. Based on his word, Karimuthey grants him the first glass of nectar, which makes him young. He then resorts to seducing young girls for Karimuthey. The first victim was Kochammani, Heiress of an aristocratic Nair family of Tharayil Kurups. She was the only young lady in the family through which family lineage has to move on. Thamban appears in front of them as a rich young prince of Wayanad. He meets, the elder uncle of the girl and express his desire to marry. Though he and Kochammani's elder brother Kunjambu agrees to the proposal, they asked him to wait for getting the horoscope fixed. Thamban seduces Kochammani and was in a hurry to get her to his fort to offer to Karimuthey as the time was fast approaching. So instead of waiting for marriage, he kidnaps her, by seducing her with his magical powers. Kochamani's young brother Ananthu saw this and reports it to the elders, who rush with their men to rescue. However, Thamban overpowers them with his magical powers and drags her to the palace. By this time, his mask of youth got withered away and he forcibly offers Kochammani to Karimurthy who gives him the second glass of nectar to regain youth. The men of the Tharyil family seek the whereabouts of the mysterious Prince and come to know that such a man or place doesn't exist. However, a few tribal men reported that they saw an old man rushing on horseback with a young girl matching to description of Kochammani, which confuses the Tharayil men. They thought, some magician might have killed the young Thamban and drove away with Kochammani. They pledge to themselves that all male members of the family will never forgive Thamban for this atrocity and will take revenge for it. As years passed, Thamban identifies his next target- Nabissa, a daughter of a rich Muslim trader- Kannamparambathu Koyambadu Haji, whom he saw at a railway station (signifies that time has moved to an age when commercial trains started). He appears in front of them as Ibrahim, a young trader and seduces Nabissa. At the same time, Thamban disguises himself as son of Kochammani and Thamban and appears before the Tharayil Family citing himself as an orphan after his mom died. The current head- Kunjambu welcomes young Thamban, thinking of him as his nephew. Koyambadu Haji and his son Abdulla fixes Nikkah for Nabissa and Thamban who disguises himself as Ibrahim elopes with Nabissa. However, Koyambadu Haji's guards spot them and block them. However, Thamban attacks them and even wounds Abdulla. Hearing of this, Koyambadu Haji and his men with guns rush to hunt for the mysterious young man. They learn that the young man was living in Tharayil House and they rush there. Spotting his nephew also missing, Kunjambu felt suspicious about the young man who lived with them for days as his nephew. As he claimed himself to be the son of Thamban, they assumed he too did the same with Nabissa as was done to his sister Kochamani. The combined men of both Tharayil and Koyambadu mutually pledge to assist each other and hunt for the mysterious man. They also learn from tribals that an old man rode in a horse cart with young girl, so both assume, it's some black magician who inflicted damages to their family. Both families further pledge to track down and do revenge even after generations. Time further passes and Thamban kept on poaching girls in nearby localities under varied identities and names. The new target for Thamban is Annamma, a Christian girl on her matriculation. Thamban appears before her as Thomas, a college lecturer. He seduces her as usual, and brings her to his fort. However, as a devoted Christian, she felt suspicious about the voices of devils inside and escape from him by flashing her cross. However, Thamban as Thomas came before her the next day and made her believe, it was all just a trick to scare her and give a surprise, which she believed. Thamban felt, to bring her again to the fort, he must earn her trust, so he married her at the register office. However, Annamma seduced Thamban on their wedding night and entered into a sexual relationship with Thamban, losing her virginity, thus making her unfit to sacrifice for Karimurthy. Thamban seriously felt love with Annamma, thus his devil lord Karimurthy started warning that he is losing patience. In time, Anna became pregnant and Thamban enjoyed life with her. One day when he woke up, he saw himself in his original identity as old fragile man and Anna was horrified to see the old man lying next to her. Thamban ran away from Anna's home and surrendered himself to Karimurthy. Karimurthy gave one last chance to him and offered him youth again, on assurance that he won't enter into any relationship and will offer virgin girls to the devil. Anna realizes there was no man called Thomas working in the college as said by Thamban and she connected with her experience earlier at Thamban's fort to reach a conclusion that her husband was a black magician. Anna gave birth to a daughter and she put her in a boarding school to avoid speaking on details of her husband. The current generation of the Tharayil Family and Abdulla in his old age are still keeping in good relations to gather any information on the mysterious man. They soon realize several families in other villages had similar experiences decades before and thus form a joint committee to carry out a search. Years later, Thamban continued his antics, this time with a local tribal community girl. By now, India was under British rule and Malabar Police was investigating on missing of this tribal girl, which came in local newspapers. This brings Abdulla and Tharayil Kurups to meet the parents of missing girl and understand the modus operandi is very similar. Annamma also reads this news and connects this to her incident. As time passes again, Thampan identifies his latest target Elisy who he finds in a picnic place. Elisy and Thamban who now appears as Frankie, a photographer' they become good friends and form a close friendship. He gives a photograph of him with Elisy to her which she kept in her book. Unbeknownst to Thamban, Elisy is the daughter of Annamma and Anna finds the photograph of young Thamban in Elisy's book, which shocks her. She understands, he is now behind her daughter. To confirm the identity of Thamban, she takes the photograph and shows it to the parents of a missing tribal girl, who confirms the same. Old Members of Tharayil family as well as Abdulla also confirms the identity, thus they all realize, they are all searching one man, not multiple magicians etc. While Anna was coordinating with other affected members, Thamban, now as Frankie seduces Elisy and brings her to his fort. Hearing her daughter missing, Anna along with Abdulla, his men as well as other men of affected families rush to the Thamban's palace as she knew where it was out of her experience going there once. While they enter, Thamban was about to offer Elisy to Karimurthy and Abdulla's men started firing at Thamban. He escapes to the backyard of the palace along with Elisy and then enters again to the Devil's chamber. By this time, Anna comes in front of Thamban and reminds him that Elisy is his daughter. Dilemma struck Thamban, who now changes into old man, and loses his ability to fight with other men. In this confusion, Anna forcibly takes Elisy and rushes out of the house. Karimurthy now got angry with Thamban, thus he absorbs all his energy and his body gets rotten down instantly to his original century old decay condition. Cast Soundtrack The music was composed by G. Devarajan and lyrics was written by Sasikala Menon. References External links 1970s Malayalam-language films Indian horror films Indian fantasy films 1970s fantasy films 1978 horror films 1978 films
Dave Gonzalez (born April 24, 1961) is a guitarist, singer, and songwriter from Southern California and, with Thomas Yearsley, founding member of the roots rock/rockabilly band The Paladins in the early 1980s, and then co-founder with Chris Gaffney of the Hacienda Brothers. A guitar player with a signature Fender to his credit and praised by his fellow guitar players and guitar magazines, his playing is regularly compared to Stevie Ray Vaughan's. Career The Paladins The Paladins were founded in the early 1980s and are still active, though sporadically so. They put out a number of studio albums, but made their reputation on the road, touring constantly in the US and abroad. The Hacienda Brothers In 2003 Dave Gonzalez and fellow veteran musician Chris Gaffney founded the western soul band The Hacienda Brothers. The band received critical recognition for their self-titled debut album and were nominated in 2007 for "Group of the Year" by the Americana Music Association. Their third and last album was wrapped up early 2008, but Chris Gaffney died on April 17, 2008, of liver disease. Dave Gonzalaz oversaw the final production and release of the album, Arizona Motel. In the summer of 2008, Gonzalez organized "a kind of Hacienda Brothers farewell tour as a tribute to Gaffney," with Dave Alvin as a featured guest for a show in San Francisco. Guitar accolades Gonzalez made the list of the "101 Forgotten Greats & Unsung Heroes" selected by Guitar Player: Equipment Gonzalez plays guitars that reflect his love for the 1950s: a 1953 Gibson and a 1953 Gretsch, and formerly a late-1950s Silvertone. He is endorsed by Fender, which made a Signature Model and as a nod to Gonzalez called it the Guild Paladin (X-550). It was modeled from an original 1957 Guild that Gonzalez played while with the Paladins; it had been refretted so often that, Gonzalez says, the frets "just wouldn't stay in anymore." His amplifiers with the Paladins were a Fender Bassman (with four 10" speakers) and a Fender Super Reverb, and he used an Echoplex. After he started playing (with Chris Gaffney) in a more country-oriented style, he switched guitars, adopting a number of Fender Telecasters, including a "killer gold-sparkle Buck Owens Tele." He also plays a baritone guitar, a Fender Jazzmaster with a Fender Bass VI neck made at the Fender Custom Shop. The guitar has thick strings, from 0.14 to 0.70, and is tuned to A. He also changed amplifiers, since he played too loud for the Hacienda Brothers, and switched to a Fender Vibrolux. The Paladins discography 1986 - The Paladins 1988 - Years Since Yesterday 1990 - Let's Buzz 1994 - Ticket Home 1996 - Million Mile Club 1999 - ReJiveinated 1999 - Slippin In 2001 - Palvoline No. 7 2003 - El Matador 2007 - Power Shake Live in Holland (live DVD) 2008 - Hollywood Fats & The Paladins - Live 1985 (Recorded live at the Greenville Bar & Grill, Dallas Texas, December 1985) 2017 - New World Hacienda Brothers's discography 2005 - Hacienda Brothers 2006 - What's Wrong with Right 2007 - Music for Ranch & Town (Live) 2008 - Arizona Motel References External links Hacienda Brothers' website Paladins Biography on Enotes.com 1961 births Living people American country guitarists American male guitarists American country singer-songwriters American rockabilly musicians American rock guitarists Singer-songwriters from California American alternative country singers Guitarists from California 20th-century American guitarists Country musicians from California 20th-century American male musicians American male singer-songwriters
Francisco Rojas may refer to: Francisco de Rojas Zorrilla (1607–1648), Spanish dramatist (1835–1906), Chilean farmer and politician (1903–1951), Mexican writer (1909–1993), Chilean medical doctor Francisco Rojas Tollinchi (1911–1965), Puerto Rican poet, civic leader and journalist Francisco Rojas Gutiérrez (born 1944), Mexican politician (born 1949) Chilean political scientist Francisco Rojas Soto (born 1950), Olympic runner from Paraguay Francisco Rojas Toledo (born 1956), Mexican politician Francisco Rojas San Román (1958–2018), Mexican politician Francisco Rojas (footballer, born 1974), association football player from Chile Francisco Rojas (footballer, born 1991), association football player from Ecuador See also Francisca Rojas (born 1865), Argentine murderer
James Paul Goldschmidt (17 December 1874 – 28 June 1940) was a German jurist who made important contributions to German criminal law and criminal procedure law. He studied legal science in Heidelberg and Berlin. Of Ashkenazi Jewish descent, Goldschmidt was a professor at the University of Berlin from 1919 until his retirement in 1934 due to racial policy of Nazi Germany. In 1938 he eventually emigrated to the United Kingdom, and later Uruguay, where he died in 1940. His younger brother Hans Walter Goldschmidt (1881–1940), also a jurist, died in 1940 on board of the SS Arandora Star. References 1874 births 1940 deaths German Ashkenazi Jews Jurists from Berlin Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin
Greg Adams may refer to: Greg Adams (ice hockey, born 1963), retired NHL player for the Vancouver Canucks Greg Adams (ice hockey, born 1960), retired NHL player for the Washington Capitals Greg Adams (writer) (born 1970), American music writer and reissue producer Greg Adams (musician), trumpet player formerly with Tower of Power Greg Adams (singer) (1948–2008), Canadian singer with a record produced by Jimmy Johnson Greg L. Adams (born 1952), Nebraska legislator See also Adams (surname)
"Lost in Paradise" (stylized in all caps) is a song by Japanese band ALI released as the ending theme for the anime Jujutsu Kaisen. It features Japanese rapper Aklo, who co-wrote the song with Leo, Alex and Luthfi. It has two editions: the CD edition and the DVD limited edition. Background and release Following their last release with "Wild Side" in 2019, the band released "Lost in Paradise" as the ending theme for the anime series Jujutsu Kaisen and it features rapper Aklo. ALI's member Leo wrote: It was released on October 10, 2020, prior to the CD release. The music video and uncredited version of the ending were released the following day. Following Kahadio's arrest on May 14, 2021, measures were taken to suspend sales, withdraw the song, suspend its digital distribution and keep the video clip private. Six months later, distribution of the song was resumed and a new re-edited version of the music video was released. As of February 2023, it has more than 20 million views. Track listing Charts Awards and nominations References 2020 singles 2020 songs Anime songs Crunchyroll Anime Awards winners Mastersix Foundation singles
Like all municipalities of Puerto Rico, Naguabo is subdivided into administrative units called barrios, which are, in contemporary times, roughly comparable to minor civil divisions, (and means wards or boroughs or neighborhoods in English). The barrios and subbarrios, in turn, are further subdivided into smaller local populated place areas/units called sectores (sectors in English). The types of sectores may vary, from normally sector to urbanización to reparto to barriada to residencial, among others. Some sectors appear in two barrios. List of sectors by barrio Daguao Parcelas Esperanza Parcelas Nuevas Parcelas Viejas Sector Armando Medina Sector Cipey Sector Cuesta Esperanza Sector Daguao Arriba Sector El Corcho Sector Fanguito Sector Los Millones Sector Medina Sector Shangai Urbanización Casa Bella Urbanización Hacienda Grande Urbanización Promised Land Duque Camino Municipal Parcelas Duque Parcelas Invasión Reparto Santiago Sector Dávila Sector Hacienda Correas Sector La Sierra Sector Paraíso Cabrera (El Pueblito) Sector Pomales Sector Ramos Sector Rivieras del Río Sector San Cristóbal Sector Tablones Sector Villa Awilda Urbanización Juan Mendoza Urbanización La Quinta Villa del Rosario Húcares Calle Punta Lima Estancias de Húcares Hacienda El Triunfo Las Mercedes (Calle de la Playa) Mansiones de Playa Húcares Parcelas Invasión Parcelas Nuevas Parcelas Playa Residencial Húcares I y II Sector Calle del Pueblo Sector Cambímbora Sector El Faro Sector Fanduca Sector La Changa Sector La Ola Urbanización Cala de Húcares Urbanización Jardín del Este Urbanización Lomas de Santo Tomás Urbanización Los Valles Urbanización Mar Caribe Urbanización Santo Tomás Maizales La Pitina Loma del Viento Parcelas La Fe Parcelas Maizales Rancho Grande Sector Capiro Sector Cecilia Sector Colonia La Fe Sector El Cabro Sector Los Ramírez Sector Ponderosa Sector Rincón Urbanización Vista Verde Mariana Barriada Ensanche Relámpago Comunidad Finquitas Parcelas Mariana Quebrada Palma Sector Agosto Sector Alturas de Mariana (Sector Santiago y Lima) Sector Arenas Blancas Sector Botijita Sector Daguao Arriba Sector El Banco Sector José Lima Sector La Coroza Sector La Paloma Sector La Vega Sector Las Malangas Sector Limones Sector Los Romanes Sector Marzot Sector Rincón Naguabo barrio-pueblo Barriada Salsipuedes (Calle José de Diego) Calle Armando González Calle Buenos Aires Calles del Casco del Pueblo Carretera Militar (from Caserío until Centro de Diagnóstico) Central El Triunfo Edificio Cabrera Edificio Inés María Mendoza Residencial Ignacio Morales Dávila Residencial Naguabo Valley Sector Loma El Triunfo Urbanización Brisas de Naguabo Urbanización City Palace I Urbanización City Palace II Urbanización El Duque (Los Maestros) Urbanización Jardines de la Vía Urbanización Riberas del Río Peña Pobre Callejón Mendoza Parcelas Nuevas Parcelas Playa Parcelas Viejas Sector Centro Sector Ciénaga Sector El Molino Rojo Sector El Pilón Sector Fanduca Sector Higüerillo Sector La Loma Sector La Suiza Sector Los Benítez Sector Mambiche Blanco Sector Medianía Alta Sector Medianía Sector Peña Pobre Abajo Sector Peña Pobre Arriba Sector Villa Terapia Urbanización Villa de Monte Cristo Río Extensión Diplo Extensión Diplo III Residencial Torres del Río Residencial Villa del Río Row House Sector Brazo Seco Urbanización Brisas del Valle Urbanización Ciudad Dorada Urbanización Jardines de la Esperanza Urbanización Praderas del Este Urbanización Ramón Rivero Urbanización Tropical Beach Urbanización Vistas de Naguabo Río Blanco Finca San Eladio Parcelas Río Blanco Parcelas Sector Común Sector Camino Viejo Sector Común Sector Cubuy Sector El Fuego Sector El Puente Sector Florida Sector La Cuchilla Sector La Joba Sector La Mina Sector Río Blanco Arriba Urbanización Río Blanco Heights Urbanización Vistas de Río Blanco Santiago y Lima Carretera 31 (from El Gravero until Edificio Rodríguez) Edificio Rodríguez Parcelas Nuevas Parcelas Viejas Reparto Maribel Sector La Altura Sector Monte Soco Sector Morrillo See also List of communities in Puerto Rico References Naguabo Naguabo
Pontypool japan is a name given to the process of japanning with the use of an oil varnish and heat, which is credited to Thomas Allgood of Pontypool. In the late 17th century, during his search for a corrosion-resistant coating for iron, he developed a recipe that included asphaltum, linseed oil and burnt umber. Once applied to metal and heated the coating turned black and was extremely tough and durable. Pontypool is in a steep valley in South Wales, surrounded by coal and iron working. The iron used was produced by the furnaces of Blaenavon to the north, and most of the "Pontypool ware" was actually produced in nearby Usk or Newport, at the southern end of the valley. Background In the late 17th century, there was a developing trade in metal goods made of thin iron sheet, spurred by the development of the rolling mill. Rustproofing this iron was important. Tin plating had been developed in Germany, and British manufacturers needed to compete. While it was the growth of the iron foundries and tin plating that gave birth to japanning on metal, tin plated iron was not the only metal used. There are examples of brass, copper and bronze used as substrates. In France, copper was the metal primarily used. Because it had to be hammered into shape rather than rolled and stamped, the surface was uneven. This did not provide the best surface for japanning, thus it has a greater tendency to flake off than the smoother English tinware. When the French made tinware it was often trimmed with bronze. The use of metal allowed a variety of forms that were required to withstand heat and water. Coffee pots, tea sets, candle sticks and other household items could all be japanned and decorated in the popular fashion. These japanned metal objects are very stable so a great many still survive. Many pieces survive today with little rust. In most cases it is easy to ascertain the underlying metal because it can be seen in losses or scratches. If the japanning is intact, a magnet can be used to identify iron. Most iron trays show some rust on the back where only a single coating was applied. Even the tin plated iron objects show rust in some areas. It is worth remembering the unavailability of effective paint, at this time. The surface finishes that did exist either had poor adhesion to their substrate, or required either a porous or an organic substrate to bond to. Today's resin-based paints for metals had not been invented. Recipes Similar recipes or "secret varnishes" were also used in Birmingham. In his book on Pontypool japan (W. D. John, 1953), published one of the recipes the workmen had handed down through generations: 448 pounds of raw linseed oil 22 pounds of lump umber 20 pounds of flake litharge 100 pounds of asphaltum 5 pounds of cobalt resinate 406 pounds of white spirit or turpentine The linseed oil was heated together with the umber and the asphaltum while the litharge and cobalt were added slowly. According to the recipe, the varnish was ready when a drop of varnish dripped onto cold glass remained in a ball. After cooling, the turpentine was added. There was also a pale clear version which omitted the asphaltum and the cobalt. In modern tests, this varnish worked equally well on papier mâché and metal plates. Three coats produced a durable glossy black finish. This recipe is similar to one for gold size published by both (Robert Dossie, 1764) and (Stalker and Parker, 1688). In that version, linseed oil is boiled together with gum animi, asphaltum, litharge and umber in approximately the same proportions as the Pontypool recipe. (Watin, 1755) also describes the use of asphaltum as an addition to the well-known spirit varnishes of the day. It appears that the secret recipe for Pontypool japan had been in existence for some time before its use for japanning metal. See also Japan black References Further reading Salmon, W. Polygraphice, or, The arts of drawing, engraving, etching, limning, painting, vernishing, japaning, gilding, &c. : in two volumes ..., London 1701.online Brown, W. N. A Handbook on Japanning and Enamelling for Cycles, Bedsteds, Tinware, Etc., London 1901. online Industrial Revolution Corrosion prevention Paints
Coldsprings Township is a civil township of Kalkaska County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,551 at the 2020 census. The name "Coldsprings" derives from the natural underground springs located throughout the township. Communities Darragh was a rural postoffice in this township starting in 1902. Manistee Lake is an unincorporated community and census-designated place within the township, while a small portion extends to the south into Excelsior Township. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which is land and (4.85%) is water. The majority of Manistee Lake is within the southern portion of the township. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 1,449 people, 595 households, and 443 families residing in the township. The population density was . There were 1,349 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the township was 99.41% White, 0.38% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.21% from other races, and 0.00% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.00% of the population. There were 595 households, out of which 24.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.6% were married couples living together, 5.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.4% were non-families. 20.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.78. In the township the population was spread out, with 20.6% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 28.0% from 45 to 64, and 17.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.2 males. The median income for a household in the township was $33,839, and the median income for a family was $40,132. Males had a median income of $33,313 versus $19,167 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,396. About 6.5% of families and 8.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.4% of those under age 18 and 5.4% of those age 65 or over. References Townships in Kalkaska County, Michigan Traverse City micropolitan area Townships in Michigan Populated places established in 1873 1873 establishments in Michigan
Sarecky is a surname. Notable persons with this name include: Barney Sarecky (1895–1968), American film producer and screenwriter Louis Sarecky (1886–1946), Russian-born American film producer and screenwriter, brother of Barney Melody Sarecky, co-author of One Dad, Two Dads, Brown Dad, Blue Dads
```swift /* * * * path_to_url * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. */ public import GRPCCodeGen public import SwiftProtobufPluginLibrary public struct ProtobufCodeGenerator { internal var configuration: SourceGenerator.Configuration public init( configuration: SourceGenerator.Configuration ) { self.configuration = configuration } public func generateCode( from fileDescriptor: FileDescriptor, protoFileModuleMappings: ProtoFileToModuleMappings, extraModuleImports: [String] ) throws -> String { let parser = ProtobufCodeGenParser( input: fileDescriptor, protoFileModuleMappings: protoFileModuleMappings, extraModuleImports: extraModuleImports, accessLevel: self.configuration.accessLevel ) let sourceGenerator = SourceGenerator(configuration: self.configuration) let codeGenerationRequest = try parser.parse() let sourceFile = try sourceGenerator.generate(codeGenerationRequest) return sourceFile.contents } } ```
Pakupaku is an extinct genus of vase-shaped microfossil that lived in Australia during the Tonian period. The type species is Pakupaku kabin. References Fossil taxa described in 2018
Aciurina thoracica is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Aciurina of the family Tephritidae. It induces galls on plants from the genus Baccharis. Distribution United States, Mexico. References Tephritinae Insects described in 1932 Diptera of North America Gall-inducing insects
Terra Incognita is the third studio album by singer-songwriter and guitarist, Chris Whitley, released in 1997. It was produced primarily by Chris Whitley, Toby Wright, and Dougie Bowne. The album was recorded primarily by Mark Howard (assisted by Wayne Lorenz) at Boulevard Teatro in Oxnard, California. It was mixed primarily by Toby Wright (assisted by John Seymour) at Electric Lady Studios in New York City. Additional recording was done by Dinky Dawson at the Best Western Highway Inn in Salem, Oregon ("As Flat as the Earth (exp)"), by Chris Whitley at the Sheffield Holiday Inn in Sheffield, Alabama ("Immortal Blues"), and by Toby Wright at Electric Lady Studios in New York City ("Alien"). Additional production and mixing on "Automatic" was done by Michael Barbiero. The album's title was inspired by Dime-Store Alchemy: The Art of Joseph Cornell by Charles Simic. Critical reception The Washington Post called the album Whitley's "best work yet," writing that "it has lots of loud, abrasive guitars, but they ebb and flow, allowing the blues-flavored songwriting to come through clearly and strongly." No Depression wrote that "Whitley's falsetto sounds wonderfully spooky, and his slide playing threatens 'As Flat As The Earth' and 'Immortal Blues' with a naturally sinister feeling." Trouser Press wrote that "much of the record evinces mechanical imagery in titles like 'Gasket' and elliptical lyrics about steel and faulty airplanes." The New York Times wrote that "Whitley infuses [the songs] with a spirit of the blues: a clear-eyed, fatalistic tone that accepts both exaltation and despair." Track listing All tracks written by Chris Whitley. "As Flat as the Earth (exp)" – 1:05 "Automatic" – 3:48 "Clear Blue Sky" – 5:03 "Weightless" – 3:04 "Power Down" – 3:53 "On Cue" – 3:28 "Immortal Blues" – 2:30 "Cool Wooden Crosses" – 2:48 "Still Point" – 4:17 "Gasket" – 4:03 "One Long Day" – 2:19 "Aerial" – 5:12 "Alien" – 4:34 "Automatic" was released as a single. The CD Extra part of the CD includes interviews with Whitley as well as live video performances of "Weightless", "Power Down", "Cool Wooden Crosses", and "Automatic" culled from his November 4, 1996, performance at Billboard Live at The Palace in Los Angeles, California. Personnel Chris Whitley – vocals, guitar, banjo, and bass Dougie Bowne – drums, keyboard, bass, and lime-green guitar solo (5) Additional personnel Daniel Lanois – guitar solo (4) Patricia Place – guitar solo (4) Louis Lepore – guitar (13) Steve Almaas – bass (2, 4, 5, 6) Alan Gevaert – bass (3) Melvin Gibbs – bass (9, 12) Mike Watt – bass solo (10) Matt Greenberg – bass (10, 13) Brady Blade – drum loop (12) John Seymour – organ donor (5) Jason Frangos – cello (13) Trixie Whitley – backing vocal (2) Jessie Lee Montague – backing vocal (6) References 1997 albums Chris Whitley albums
Romes (stylized ROMES) is a Canadian alternative rock duo from Toronto, Ontario made up of brothers Jacob and Nicolas Bitove. History Romes was formed in 2016, composed of Canadian brothers Jacob and Nicolas Bitove, along with Irish friends James Tebbitt and Andrew Keyes. The four original members of Romes all met while attending school in Wicklow, Ireland before relocating to Jacob and Nicolas's hometown of Toronto. James and Andrew left the group amicably in 2020, as per an official statement on the Romes Facebook page. Romes released their debut EP titled Believe on April 8, 2016 and later released their debut, self-titled full-length studio album Romes on October 6, 2017 via Five Seven Music. Both the EP and album were produced and mixed by acclaimed, Grammy-nominated L.A. producer Tony Hoffer (Beck, M83, Phoenix, The Kooks). The band made their U.S. major festival debut at Austin City Limits Music Festival on October 6, 2017 while on a 34 date U.S. tour supporting Mutemath. The band has also supported artists including The Strokes, Silversun Pickups, and COIN. In January 2017, Romes were selected by Alternative Press as one of their 'Artists to Watch in 2017'. The band has since released a collection of singles independently, including Lose My Cool, a collaboration with Foster The People's Mark Foster, and their self-produced EP My Demons Are My Best Friends, released in 2021, featured by Rolling Stone Mexico. Acclaim In September 2017, Romes was selected by Rogers Communications Canada as their "Artist to Watch". The following month, Bell Media, iHeartRadio Canada and Virgin Radio Canada chose the band as their emerging artist. On the day of Romes' EP release, Paul Lester selected the band as the Guardian's "New Band of the Week" saying, "The four tracks on their EP virtually knock you down with their brio and self-belief . . . .Surrounded by swirling synths and ebullient percussion, ROMES sound giddy with possibility." Romes debuted their first music video for title track Believe on Noisey, part of Vice Magazine; it was stated therein that "'Believe' is an indie-pop anthem replete with layers of unexpected percussion and rippling synths." Upon the release of Romes' debut EP, the band received praise from superstar artist Hozier who endorsed their EP by saying< "So thrilled Romes have released their debut EP. First releases are rarely this strong.". The band was selected as The Irish Times' 'New Artist of the Week'. Features Romes' 2020 single "Lose My Cool" is used as the theme song for Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's Kim's Convenience spin-off sitcom 'Strays' Their 2020 single "All The Time" was licensed for Abercrombie & Fitch's Global October 2021 campaign, HBO Max shows Genera+ion and The Sex Lives of College Girls, and feature film Press Play. "Believe" featured in EA Sports Madden NFL 17 and was licensed by Turner Broadcasting to soundtrack NBA on TNT's NBA Playoffs coverage. Their song "When The Night Comes" was featured during the MLB All-Star game broadcast on Fox Sports on July 11, 2017. "Tryna Be" was featured in Georgetown University's national TV campaign. Discography Extended plays Albums Single releases Music videos References Canadian rock music groups Musical groups from Toronto
Marian Stafford (February 7, 1931 – August 16, 1984) was an American actress and model. She was Playboy magazine's Playmate of the Month for the March 1956 issue. Her centerfold was photographed by Ruth Sondak, and was the first to consist of three pages. In addition to posing for other men's magazines in the decade, Stafford became a popular personality during the so-called Golden Age of Television. She was a regular on game shows such as Treasure Hunt and The $64,000 Question. She was crowned Miss Color TV of 1956 by NBC. Stafford died on August 16, 1984, at the age of 53. She was survived by her husband, television writer and producer, Robert Foshko. References External links 1931 births 1984 deaths 1950s Playboy Playmates 20th-century American actresses
Macanese Portuguese () is a Portuguese dialect spoken in Macau, where Portuguese is co-official with Cantonese. Macanese Portuguese is spoken, to some degree either natively or as a second language, by roughly 2.3% of the population of Macau. It should not be confused with Macanese language (or ), a distinct Portuguese creole that developed in Macau during the Portuguese rule. History Macau had its first contact with the Portuguese language in 1557 when the territory was established as a trade center of Portugal to other parts of Asia. The language largely entered Macau in the 19th century when China ceded Macau to Portugal and Macau was declared a formal Portuguese province. At that time, it was made an official language along with Cantonese. Despite being a Portuguese colony for over four centuries, the Portuguese language was never widely spoken in Macau and remained limited to administration and higher education and was spoken primarily by the Portuguese colonists, Macanese people of mixed ancestry (many of whom instead once spoke Macanese Patois), and elites and middle-class people of pure Chinese blood. A Portuguese pidgin was used more widely. Currently, there is only one school in Macau where Portuguese is the medium of instruction, the Macau Portuguese School, and Portuguese is also mainly taught in government schools. Macau was transferred sovereignty from Portugal to People's Republic of China in 1999, but Portuguese remained an official language. Although Portuguese use was in decline in Asia in the early 21st century after Macau was ceded to China in 1999, there has been an increase in the teaching of Portuguese, mostly due to East Timor's (closest Portuguese-speaking country to Macau) boost in the number of speakers in the last five years, but also the Chinese authorities' protection of Portuguese as an official language in Macau, owing to the growing trade links between China and lusophone nations such as Portugal, Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, and East Timor, with 5,000 students learning the language. Features Phonology The Macanese dialect was traditionally an Old Portuguese variety. However, nowadays, it closely follows the standard European dialect in pronunciation and vocabulary. The only Portuguese-medium school teaches the standard European dialect, as with most of the CPLP like in East Timor. There are still some phonological differences affected by Cantonese phonology made by those who speak Portuguese as a second language, such as a non-rhotic accent: final in infinitive verbs is dropped (cf. 'to eat', 'to sleep, but not 'sea'), as in African Portuguese and most Brazilian speakers, and is devoiced to , a trait almost unique to Macau. These phonological differences do not apply to Chinese who have higher education in Portuguese. Lexicon Vocabulary is the same as in Portugal, but there are some differences due to Cantonese influence. Macau Portuguese also borrowed words from Malay and from other Indo-European languages like Sinhalese, Konkani, and Marathi languages from the beginning as the Portuguese settlers often married women from Portuguese Malacca, Portuguese India and Portuguese Ceylon rather than from neighbouring China. In the 17th century it was further influenced by the influx of immigrants from other Portuguese colonies in Asia, especially from Portuguese Malacca, Indonesia, and Portuguese Ceylon, that had been displaced by the Dutch expansion in the East Indies, and Japanese Christian refugees. These include , dim sum; goh low and ; , si tiu. It reached to countries and regions where Portuguese is spoken, especially Portugal where it was brought by Portuguese returnees and some Chinese and Macanese (who are loyal to them) who brought Chinese and Macanese culture. Vocabulary even went to Brazil through leaving Portuguese settlers with some Macanese and Chinese settlers. See also East Timorese Portuguese Goan Portuguese References External links O Português na Asia Languages of Macau Portuguese dialects Portuguese language in Asia
Théodin Roger Ramanjary (born 16 August 1996) is a Malagasy professional footballer who plays as a defender for Malagasy Pro League club Fosa Juniors and the Madagascar national team. Honours Fosa Juniors THB Champions League: 2019 Coupe de Madagascar: 2017, 2019 Madagascar Indian Ocean Island Games Gold medal: 2023 References 1996 births Living people People from Diana Region Malagasy men's footballers Men's association football defenders Fosa Juniors FC players Malagasy Pro League players Madagascar men's international footballers
The 1906 Haskell Indians football team was an American football team that represented the Haskell Indian Institute (now known as Haskell Indian Nations University) as an independent during the 1906 college football season. In its second and final season under head coach John H. Outland, Haskell compiled a 2–5 record and was outscored by a total of 96 to 53. Coach Outland was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame and is the namesake of the Outland Trophy. Schedule References Haskell Haskell Indian Nations Fighting Indians football seasons Haskell Indians football
The 2020 Rally Belgium (also known as Renties Ypres Rally Belgium 2020) was a motor racing event for rally cars that was scheduled to hold between 20 and 22 November 2020, but was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was set to mark the fifty-sixth running of Ypres Rally and was planned to be the seventh round of the 2020 World Rally Championship, World Rally Championship-2 and World Rally Championship-3. It was also going to be the final round of the Junior World Rally Championship. The 2020 event was set to be based in Ypres in West Flanders and was scheduled to be contested over twenty-three special stages. The rally was planned to cover a total competitive distance of . Background Schedule changes and event inclusion Following the cancellation of 2020 Rally Japan, the Ypres Rally of Belgium replaced Rally Japan to hold the seventh round of the championship. This would mark the Ypres Rally run as a WRC event for the first time. The country was set to become the thirty-fourth nation to stage a championship round in the WRC. Unfortunately, the rally was eventually announced to be called off due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Route The first two days of action would take place in the area around Ypres, while Sunday's final leg would be focused on the iconic Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps in Stavelot, with the rally-closing Power Stage featuring the famous Eau Rouge-Raidillon section of the track. This meant the Sunday's route would run alongside the 2020 World RX of Benelux of the World Rallycross Championship. Itinerary All dates and times are BET (UTC+1). References External links 2020 Ypres Rally at ewrc-results.com The official website of the World Rally Championship Belgium Rally 2020 Ypres
Malcolm McDonald House is a dwelling located in the Orenco Woods Nature Park, in Hillsboro, Oregon. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in June 2015. History The house was originally built for Oregon Nursery Company's founder Malcolm McDonald in 1912. It is situated on the Orenco landholding (east of Hillsboro), which was purchased by the McDonald in the early 1900s. Currently, the land is planted with apple trees and is part Orenco Woods Nature Park. The design of the house follows Craftsman-style architecture which includes "deep open eaves with curved brackets" and "purlins". It also includes a broad entry porch, a variety of window types and wall surfaces with multiple chimneys. It is sometimes called the McDonald-Russell House after McDonald, its first owner, and Eugene Russell who lived in the house while operating the Golf Course in the 1960s. In 2014, the Hillsboro City Council initiated repairs and restoration works. As on 2017, the house is owned by the City of Hillsboro and is not currently open for public. References External links Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Oregon National Register of Historic Places in Washington County, Oregon 1912 establishments in Oregon Houses in Hillsboro, Oregon Houses completed in 1912
"The Other Man" is a song by Canadian rock band Sloan. It was released as the second single from the band's sixth studio album, Pretty Together. "The Other Man" was one of the top 35 most played songs on radio in Canada in 2002. Inspiration The song was inspired by Chris Murphy's relationship with Leslie Feist, which describes a love triangle between the two and Broken Social Scene member Andrew Whiteman, whom Feist was also seeing while dating Murphy. References 2001 songs 2001 singles Sloan (band) songs Songs written by Chris Murphy (Canadian musician)
St Helens Fort is a sea fort in the Solent close to the Isle of Wight, one of the Palmerston Forts near Portsmouth. It was built as a result of the Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom of 1859, in order to protect the St Helens anchorage. The fort was designed by Captain E. H. Stewart, overseen by Assistant Inspector General of Fortifications, Colonel W. F. D. Jervois. Construction began in 1865 and was completed in 1878, at a cost of £123,311. It suffered badly from subsidence which forced many changes to the plans, ending up with two 10-inch 18-ton rifled muzzle-loading (RML) guns to landward and one 12.5-inch 38-ton RML gun to seaward. The other sea forts, all larger, are Spitbank Fort, Horse Sand Fort and No Man's Land Fort. The Solent Forts - often known as "Palmerston's Follies" - were built in response to a French invasion scare under Louis Napoleon III. This was due in part to the doctrines of the Jeune École of French naval thinking, which emphasised attacking ports with small craft, instead of fleet action, as well as the launch of the first ironclad warship, the Gloire. The threat of war with France receded after the Franco-Prussian War in 1870-71 ended in French defeat. The forts were later used for defence in both World War I and WWII, although the heavier armaments proved unpopular with local householders due to the concussion breaking windows during firing practice. A National Trust report states that during WW II, it was "used as a searchlight and anti-aircraft gun platform". Subsequently their main useful role has been as navigational lighthouses. Periodically (often in August), on one of the lowest tides of the year, there is a mass walk from St Helens beach out to the fort and back. At this day the causeway appears from the sea upon which the original materials were carried out from the shore at St Helen's Old Church, where there was formerly a quarry. Access is from this point, but also along the spit from Bembridge. It has become traditional to hold a barbecue on the beach thereafter. This event is entirely spontaneous but safety boat services are provided by local yacht clubs and the RNLI. The fort is now in private hands and not open to the public. It was offered for sale in 2003. Any private resident would not have access to local authority services, although it has its own artesian well. As of 2020, Spitbank, No Man's Land and Horse Sand Forts were also privately owned (by Clarenco); the first two had been converted into hotels after a major restoration. References External links Victorian Forts map of Portsmouth Defences Sea forts Sea Forts in the Solent Palmerston Forts Coastal artillery Military installations established in 1880
United Left Catalonia (, EUCat) is the current regional branch of United Left (IU) in Catalonia. It was formed in July 2019, after IU suspended its collaboration with United and Alternative Left (EUiA) in June and subsequently expelled the party from its organization structure as a result of some EUiA members—including its leader Joan Josep Nuet—chose to break away from Catalunya en Comú in March 2019 into the Sobiranistes party, then ally themselves with Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) ahead of the April 2019 Spanish general election. The party held its constituent congress on 29 February 2020, and maintained EUiA's continuity as a member party of Catalunya en Comú. EUCat's promoters did not rule out a future recovery and reintegration of EUiA, which they considered as a "kidnapped" political space. References 2019 establishments in Spain Communist parties in Catalonia Federations of United Left (Spain) Political parties established in 2019 Political parties in Catalonia
Psallidiini is a weevil tribe in the subfamily Entiminae. Genera Psallidium – Sphingorrhinotus References Lacordaire, T. 1863: Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coléoptères ou exposé méthodique et critique de tous les genres proposés jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. Vol.: 6. Roret. Paris: 637 pp. Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A.; Lyal, C.H.C. 1999: A world catalogue of families and genera of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) (excepting Scolytidae and Platypodidae). Entomopraxis, Barcelona. External links Entiminae Beetle tribes
The Potomac Steamboat Company served as the direct water link between the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad (at Aquia Creek) and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (at Washington, DC) from 1845 and 1872. Its predecessor was the Washington and Fredericksburg Steamboat Company, renamed after the RF&P acquired majority control. After May 1, 1872, the connection was made at Quantico Creek. References Defunct shipping companies of the United States
The Karamay fire () occurred on 8 December 1994 when the students were entertaining the visiting officials at a theatre in Karamay, Xinjiang, China. This fire remains the most notorious fire in China for the fact that the students were ordered to remain seated to allow the visiting officials to walk out first when the fire happened. The fire killed 325, including 288 schoolchildren. Building design The Friendship Theatre was built in 1958 following Soviet architecture, renovated starting in 1989 and reentered operation in December 1991. The building had three floors and was originally designed with a capacity of 796 people. The renovation increased it to 810. The soundproofing material was made of asbestos and polyurethane, the curtains were made of cotton. In certain positions, the spotlight was only at a distance of 20 cm from the stage curtains. Due to a lack of awareness on fire safety, the refurbishments of the theatre introduced many flammable objects, such as the seats, which due to being made from artificial fibres, burned well, spread out toxic gasses and proved fatal in the fire to many people. The fire On 8 December 1994, 500 schoolchildren were taken to a special variety performance at a theatre in Karamay at Friendship Theatre (). Most were aged between 7 and 14. From the accounts of survivors, it appears that spotlights near the stage either short-circuited, caused the curtain to catch fire spontaneously or fell. The curtain caught fire, then exploded, and fire engulfed the auditorium within a minute or two, and the fire caused a short circuit, shutting all the remaining lights. Various burning objects in the theatre released poisonous gases. The firefighters who arrived on scene first did not have proper respiratory equipment and were thus unable to enter the hall. The dry powder fire extinguishers in the theatre, though potent against chemical fires, were wholly useless against the fire, high up in the curtains. "Let the officials leave first" In 1995, the China Youth Daily was the first to have reported that somebody had asked the students 'let the leaders leave first' (). The phrase has since become a catch phrase, meaning the government officials have priority over ordinary folks in times of emergency. For such, this fire remains the most notorious fire in China. She has since been identified in online articles as Kuang Li (), who was vice-director of the state petroleum company’s local education centre, though there has been no official confirmation of this. The teachers obeyed, and the children remain seated. By the time the about 20 officials had filed out through the only opened emergency exit, when all the other exits remained locked, it was too late. Teachers hurried the pupils out of their seats to other exits, only to find that the emergency exit doors were locked. Parents and survivors alleged that Kuang took refuge in a ladies’ cloakroom that could have sheltered 30 people and barred the doors behind her. A 10-year-old boy said "My teacher asked me to run out of the theatre, but when I stood up the hall was smothered in smoke and fire. The power then cut out. People could see nothing. The place was full of crying and shouting." Other survivors agreed that while 'let the leaders go first' was indeed said, it was spoken at the beginning of the performance, as a manner of respect to them when the performance ends and China Youth Daily took the original sentence out of context. Notably, in the documentary Karamay, in an interview conducted in the hospital immediately after the fire, none of the interviewees spoke about the students being instructed to let the leaders go first. Arguably, even if the leaders had left first, it wouldn't have made a difference; the main reason why many people died in front of doors A, B was due to panic. The panic induced irrational thinking, and many people tried to escape the way they entered, inevitably leading to a crush at the A, B doors, while the safer E, F doors were ignored even though they were not blocked in the rush to exit. The anti-robbery bars installed significantly hampered evacuation through windows and other doors. Fatalities and justice A total of 325 deaths were reported, with 288 of them being school children. Most of the 36 adults were teachers. About 100 corpses were heaped up outside the cloakroom. In 1995, 300 families of the dead and injured sent representatives to the National People’s Congress in Beijing, supposedly the venue for Chinese citizens to seek justice and a fair hearing. They were led off by security guards to a walled government compound, where five buses took them back to the airport. The group were then escorted through special channels to a plane bound for Xinjiang. A court convicted a total of 13 people. Four of them, senior officials, were convicted of dereliction of duty and sentenced up to five years in prison. Others were convicted of lesser crimes while Zhao Zheng was acquitted. Families received compensation of up to 50,589 yuan. One week after the fire, city officials in Karamay announced plans to demolish the burned out Friendship Theater. This plan was quickly scrapped following protests by residents of Karamay and parents of the deceased children. Three years later, in September 1997, the theater portion of the building was torn down, leaving only the front hall. This unmarked memorial still stands in what is now the People's Park in the center of Karamay. There is no plaque or memorial anywhere in Karamay that references the deadly fire. In popular culture Popular Chinese folk singer Zhou Yunpeng (周云蓬) has compiled a list of Chinese man-made disasters and turned it into a song, and the Karamay fire incident was mentioned in the song, as was the internet catch phrase, "Let the leaders walk out first."() See also Karamay (film) List of fires in China References 1994 disasters in China Fires in China 1990s fires in Asia 1994 fires 20th century in Xinjiang Theatre fires Fire disasters involving barricaded escape routes
A heat map (or heatmap) is a 2-dimensional data visualization technique that represents the magnitude of individual values within a dataset as a color. The variation in color may be by hue or intensity. "Heat map" is a relatively new term, but the practice of shading matrices has existed for over a century. History Heat maps originated in 2D displays of the values in a data matrix. Larger values were represented by small dark gray or black squares (pixels) and smaller values by lighter squares. Toussaint Loua (1873) used a shading matrix to visualize social statistics across the districts of Paris. Sneath (1957) displayed the results of a cluster analysis by permuting the rows and the columns of a matrix to place similar values near each other according to the clustering. Jacques Bertin used a similar representation to display data that conformed to a Guttman scale. The idea for joining cluster trees to the rows and columns of the data matrix originated with Robert Ling in 1973. Ling used overstruck printer characters to represent different shades of gray, one character-width per pixel. Leland Wilkinson developed the first computer program in 1994 (SYSTAT) to produce cluster heat maps with high-resolution color graphics. The Eisen et al. display shown in the figure is a replication of the earlier SYSTAT design. Software designer Cormac Kinney trademarked the term 'heat map' in 1991 to describe a 2D display depicting financial market information. The company that acquired Kinney's invention in 2003 unintentionally allowed the trademark to lapse. Types There are two main type of heat maps: spatial, and grid. A spatial heat map displays the magnitude of a spatial phenomena as color, usually cast over a map. In the image labeled “Spatial Heat Map Example,” temperature is displayed by color range across a map of the world. Color ranges from blue (cold) to red (hot). A grid heat map displays magnitude as color in a two-dimensional matrix, with each dimension representing a category of trait and the color representing the magnitude of some measurement on the combined traits from each of the two categories. For example, one dimension might represent year, and the other dimension might represent month, and the value measured might be temperature. This heat map would show how temperature changed over the years in each month. Grid heat maps are further categorized into two different types of matrices: clustered, and correlogram. Clustered heat map: The example of the monthly temperature by year is a clustered heat map. Correlogram: A correlogram is a clustered heat map that has the same trait for each axis in order to display how the traits in the set of traits interact with each other. The correlogram is a triangle instead of a square because the combination of A-B is the same as the combination of B-A and so does not need to be expressed twice. In a grid heat map, colors are presented in a grid of a fixed size, with every cell in the grid also being an equal size and shape. The goal is to detect clustering, or suggest the presence of clusters. In a spatial heat map is often used on maps or satellite imagery (see GIS), where there is no concept of cells, and instead the colours vary continuously. Uses Heat maps have a wide range of possibilities amongst applications due to their ability to simplify data and make for visually appealing to read data analysis. Many applications using different types of heat maps are listed below. Business Analysis: Heat maps are used in business analytics to give a visual representation about a company’s current functioning, performance, and the need for improvements. Heat maps are a way to analyze a company’s existing data and update it to reflect growth and other specific efforts. Heat maps visually appeal to team members and clients of the business or company. Websites: There are many different ways heat maps are used within websites to determine a visiting users actions. Typically, there are multiple heat maps used together to determine insight to a website on what are the best and worst performing elements on the page. Some specific heat maps used for website analysis are listed below. Mouse Tracking: Mouse tracking heat maps or hover maps, are used to visualize where the user of the site hovers their cursor. Eye tracking: Eye tracking heat maps measure the eye position of the website's users and gathers measurements such as eye fixation volume, eye fixation duration, and areas of interest. Click Tracking: Click tracking heat maps or touch maps, are similar to mouse tracking heat maps, but instead of hover actions, these types of heat maps help visualize the users click actions. Click tracking heat maps not only allow for visual cues on clickable components on a webpage, such as buttons or dropdown menus, but these heat maps also allow for tracking on non-clickable objects anywhere on the page. AI-Generation Attention: AI-generated attention heat maps help visualize where the visiting user’s attention will go on a certain section of a webpage. These types of heat maps are implemented using a created software algorithm to determine and predict the attention actions of the user. Scroll Tracking: Scroll tracking heat maps are used to represent the scrolling behavior of the website’s users. This helps produce visual cues to what section on the website the user spends the most time at. Exploratory Data Analysis: Working with small and large data sets, data scientists and data analysts look at and determine essential relationships and characteristics amongst different points in a data set as well as features of those data points. Data scientists and analysts work with a team of others in different professions. The use of heat maps make for a visually easy way to summarize findings and main components. There are other ways to represent data, however heat maps can visualize these data points and their relationships in a high dimensional space without becoming too compact and visually unappealing. Heat maps in data analysis, allow for specific variables of rows and/or columns on the axes and even on the diagonal. Biology: In the biological field, heat maps are used to visually represent large and small sets of data. The focus is towards patterns and similarities in DNA, RNA, gene expression, etc. Working with these sets of data, data scientists in bioinformatics, focus on different concepts, some of which being community detection, association and correlation, and the concept of centrality, where heat maps are a compelling way to visually summarize results and to share amongst other professions not in the field of biology or bioinformatics. The two heat maps to the right, labeled “Data Analysis Heat Map Example,” show different ways in which one may present genomic data over a specific region (Hist1 region) to someone outside the field of biology so they have a better understanding of the general concept a biologist or data scientist are trying to present. Financial Analysis: The values of different product and assets fluctuate both rapidly and/or gradually over time. The need to log changes to the daily markets is imperative. It allows for the ability to draw predictions from patterns while being able to revisit past numerical data. Heat maps are able to remove the tedious process and enable the user to visualize data points and compare amongst the different performers. Geographical Visualization: Heat maps are used to visualize and display a geographic distribution of data. Heat maps represent different densities of data points on a geographical map to help users see the intensities of certain phenomena and to show items of most or least importance. Usually, heat maps used in geographical visualization are mistaken for Choropleth maps, but the difference comes with how certain data is presented which differentiate the two. Sports: Heat maps can be used in many sports and can influence manager’s and/or coaches decisions based on high and low densities of data displayed. Users can identify patterns within the game, the strategies of opponents and one’s own team, make more informed decisions benefitting the player, team, and business, and can enhance performance in different areas by identifying enhancement is needed. Heat maps also visualize comparisons and relationships amongst different teams in the same sport or between different sports all together. Color schemes Many different color schemes can be used to illustrate the heat map, with perceptual advantages and disadvantages for each. Choosing a good color scheme is integral to accurately and effectively displaying data, whereas a poor color scheme can lead viewers to inaccurate conclusions or exclude those with color deficiencies from proper analysis of said data. Rainbow color maps are a common choice, as humans can perceive more shades of color than they can of gray, and this would purportedly increase the amount of detail perceivable in the image. However, this is heavily discouraged in the scientific community for a number of reasons. Possibly the largest reason is that when there is a large number of colors involved, the visualization may give off the impression that there exist gradients in the data that are not really present. The more colors used in a visualization the more values begin to bleed together and color lacks the natural perceptual ordering found in grayscale or blackbody spectrum colormaps. Additionally, values represented by different shades of the same color can imply that the values are related when they are not. An important consideration when choosing a color scheme is whether or not the data will be viewed by anyone with any form of color deficiency. If the audience contains individuals with any form of color blindness, it may be wise to avoid color schemes with prominent reds and greens or uneven color gradients. In addition to audience considerations, it is also important to consider the form in which the data will be viewed. For example, if the data is to be printed in black and white or projected onto a large screen, it may be wise to adjust one's choice in color scheme. Common colormaps (like the "jet" colormap used as the default in many visualization software packages) have uncontrolled changes in luminance that prevent meaningful conversion to grayscale for display or printing. This also distracts from the actual data, arbitrarily making yellow and cyan regions appear more prominent than the regions of the data that are actually most important. Software implementations Several heat map software implementations are freely available: R, a free software environment for statistical computing and graphics, contains several functions to trace heat maps, Gnuplot, a universal and free command-line plotting program, can trace 2D and 3D heat maps. Google Fusion Tables can generate a heat map from a Google Sheets spreadsheet limited to 1000 points of geographic data. Dave Green's 'cubehelix' colour scheme provides resources for a colour scheme that prints as a monotonically increasing greyscale on black and white postscript devices. Openlayers3 can render a heat map layer of a selected property of all geographic features in a vector layer. D3.js, AnyChart and Highcharts are JavaScript libraries for data visualization that provide the ability to create interactive heat map charts, from basic to highly customized, as part of their solutions. Choropleth maps versus heat maps Choropleth maps and heat maps are often used in place of one another incorrectly when referring to data visualized geographically. Both techniques show the proportion of a variable of interest, but the two differ in how the boundaries for the variable’s data aggregations are constructed. If the data were collected and aggregated using irregular boundaries, such as administrative units, then a heat map displaying that data will be the same as a choropleth map, encouraging confusion about how the two differ. Choropleth maps show data grouped by geographic boundaries like countries, states, provinces or even floodplains. Each region has a singular value, visualized by color intensity, shading or pattern. The figure on the right displaying a choropleth map showing the United States' population density by state may be used as an example. The figure illustrates a singular value (population) denoted by blue color intensity proportionate to the state's value relative to all other states' values, bounded by each state's border. Similarly, heat maps may also visualize data over a geographic region. However, unlike choropleth maps, heat maps show the proportion of a variable over an arbitrary, but usually small grid size, independent of geographic boundaries. The figure on the right displaying a heat map of world population is an example. The figure illustrates a single value (population) bounded in an arbitrary grid (square kilometers) with each cell in the grid represented by a color intensity proportionate to the value of the cell relative to all other cells. Some heat maps that are created using approximated regional data may show familiar geographic borders in the visualization where none really exist. The illusion of geographic borders is due to the existence of patterns within the dataset rather than the visualization technique. The figure on the right displaying a heat map of world population also contains this occurrence. Areas in rural parts of the United States and South America may closely resemble familiar geographic borders in those regions. Examples See also Data and information visualization False color References Further reading External links Thematic Maps Bioinformatics Data visualization Usability Numerical function drawing Color scales
Acupalpus gracilis is an insect-eating ground beetle of the genus Acupalpus. gracilis Beetles described in 1848
Durgapur subdivision is an administrative subdivision of the Paschim Bardhaman district in the state of West Bengal, India. Overview The rocky undulating topography with laterite soil found in the western part of the district extends to the western part of Durgapur subdivision. For ages the area was heavily forested and infested with plunderers and marauders. The discovery of coal in the 18th century led to industrialisation of the western part of the subdivision. Most of the forests in the western part of the subdivision have been cleared but the eastern part remained thickly forested till more recent times and some are still there. The eastern part of the subdivision gradually slopes down to the rice plains of Bengal. Subdivisions Paschim Bardhaman district is divided into the following two administrative subdivisions: Note:Before bifurcation of the erstwhile Bardhaman district Galsi I was in Durgapur subdivision, but after bifurcation it is in Bardhman Sadar North subdivision. In the maps placed below, all places marked and linked in the full screen maps. Administrative units Durgapur subdivision has 6 police stations, 4 community development blocks, 4 panchayat samitis, 27 gram panchayats, 171 mouzas, 151 inhabited villages, 1 municipal corporation and 38 census towns+1 (partly). The single municipal corporation is at Durgapur. The census towns are: Siduli, Khandra, Chak Bankola, Ukhra, Mahira, Dakshin Khanda, Parashkol, Kajora, Harishpur, Palashban, Dignala, Andal (gram), Ondal, Baska, Bilpahari, Ramnagar, Dalurband, Baidyanathpur, Mahal, Konardihi, Nabgram, Sankarpur, Haripur, Chhora, Bahula, Mandarbani, Banagram, Sirsha, Nabaghanapur, Sarpi, Ichhapur, Arra, Gopalpur, Bamunara, Amlajora, Kanksa, Debipur, Prayagpur and Kendra Khottamdi (part). The subdivision has its headquarters at Durgapur. Demographics As per the 2011 Census of India data Durgapur subdivision, after bifurcation of Bardhaman district in 2017, had a total population of 1,209,372. There were 628,883 (52%) males and 580,489 (48%) females. Population below 6 years was 130,117. As per the 2011 census data the total number of literates in Durgapur subdivision, after bifurcation of Bardhaman district in 2017, was 867,905 (80.42% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 487,056 (86.85% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 337,153 (65.15% of the female population over 6 years). In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 1,090,229 and formed 90.15% of the population in Durgapur subdivision. Muslims numbered 100,802 and formed 8.34% of the population. Christians numbered 3,158 and formed 0.26% of the population. Others numbered 15,183 and formed 1.26% of the population. Police stations Police stations in Durgapur subdivision have the following features and jurisdiction: Blocks Community development blocks in Durgapur subdivision are: Gram panchayats The subdivision contains 36 gram panchayats under 5 community development blocks: Durgapur–Faridpur block consists of six gram panchayats, viz. Gaurbazar, Ichhapur, Laudoha, Gogla, Jemua and Pratappur. Kanksa block consists of seven gram panchayats, viz. Amlajora, Bidbehar, Kanksa, Trilokchandrapur, Bankati, Gopalpur and Molandighi. Andal block consists of eight gram panchayats, viz. Andal, Kajora, Madanpur, Sreerampur, Dakshinkhanda, Khandara, Ramprasadpur and Ukhra. Pandabeswar block consists of six gram panchayats, viz. Baidyanathpur, Chhora, Kendra, Behula, Haripur and Nabagram. Economy Coal mining Sonpur Bazari open cast project of Eastern Coalfields produced 6.4 million tonnes of coal in 2015–16. Eastern Coalfields has been producing around 30 million tonnes per annum from its open cast mines, it has been modernising its underground mines to produce around 10 million tonnes per annum from its underground mines. A major effort was on at its Jhanjra mines to produce 3 – 3.5 million tonnes per annum. Industry Durgapur Steel Plant of Steel Authority of India, set up in the fifties, has a rated capacity of 2.2 million tonnes of crude steel, after expansion and modernisation. The plant is consistently performing at beyond its rated capacity. Education Given in the table below (data in numbers) is a comprehensive picture of the education scenario in Paschim Bardhaman district, after bifurcation of Bardhaman district in 2017, with data for the year 2013-14: Note: Primary schools include junior basic schools; middle schools, high schools and higher secondary schools include madrasahs; technical schools include junior technical schools, junior government polytechnics, industrial technical institutes, industrial training centres, nursing training institutes etc.; technical and professional colleges include engineering colleges, medical colleges, para-medical institutes, management colleges, teachers training and nursing training colleges, law colleges, art colleges, music colleges etc. Special and non-formal education centres include sishu siksha kendras, madhyamik siksha kendras, centres of Rabindra mukta vidyalaya, recognised Sanskrit tols, institutions for the blind and other handicapped persons, Anganwadi centres, reformatory schools etc. The following institutions are located in Durgapur subdivision: Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute was established at Durgapur in 1958. It is the apex research and development institute for mechanical engineering under the aegis of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research and is the only national level research institute in this field. National Institute of Technology was established at Durgapur in 1960. It has been granted Deemed University status. National Power Training Institute – the eastern regional centre was established at Durgapur in 1968. Dr. B.C.Roy Engineering College was established at Durgapur in 2000. It is affiliated with Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology. Bengal College of Engineering and Technology was established at Durgapur in 2001. It is affiliated with Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology. Aryabhatta Institute of Engineering & Management was established at Panagarh in 2003. It is affiliated with Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology. Durgapur Institute of Advanced Technology and Management was established at Rajbandh in 2002. It is affiliated with Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology. Gouri Devi Institute of Medical Sciences is a medical college with 300-bedded multi-speciality health care venture, started in 2017 at Rajbandh. The hospital was established in 2012. Durgapur Government College was established at Durgapur in 1970. It is affiliated with Kazi Nazrul University. Durgapur Women's College was established at Durgapur in 1980. It is affiliated with Kazi Nazrul University. Michael Madhusudan Memorial College at Durgapur was established in 1996. It is affiliated with Kazi Nazrul University. Khandra College was established at Khandra in 1981. It is affiliated with Kazi Nazrul University. Pandaveswar College was established at Pandabeswar in 2005. It is affiliated with Kazi Nazrul University. Durgapur College of Commerce and Science was established in 2003 at Rajbandh. Ayan Arnab Sikshan Sanstha at Ajodhya, Bonkati, Panagarh offers BEd courses, was established in 2014. Parama B Ed College was established at Kajora in 2013. Mohananda College, offering B Ed course, was established at Nadiha in 2003. Shree Shiv Burn Hindi F. P. School, was established in 1971. Its a Co-ed School with modern facilities like Smart Classroom, Child Parliament, Computer Classes and Practical Learning. Healthcare The table below (all data in numbers) presents an overview of the medical facilities available and patients treated in the hospitals, health centres and sub-centres in 2014 in Paschim Bardhaman district, after bifurcation of Bardhaman district in 2017, with data for the year 2013–14. Medical facilities Durgapur subdivision has a subdivisional hospital at Durgapur. It has block primary health centres at Khandra (Ukhra), Laudoha and Panagarh, and primary health centres at Andal, Pandabeswar, Kantaberia, Molandighi, Shyambazar, Shibpur and Silampur.SAIL has a 640-bed hospital with modern facilities at Durgapur. Other hospitals in Durgapur include DPL Hospital at DPL Colony, Durgapur, DTPS Hospital at Durgapur, ESI Hospital at Bidhannagar, Durgapur, IQ City Narayan Hrudalaya Hospital at Durgapur, Lion's Club Hospital at Benachity, Durgapur, The Mission Hospital at Bidhannagar, Durgapur, Vivekananda Hospital at Bidhannagar, Durgapur and ECL's Bankola Area Hospital at Ukhra, ECL's Regional Hospital at Bahula, Mandarbani Hospital at Panthnagar. Gouri Devi Institute of Medical Sciences is a medical college with 300-bedded multi-speciality health care venture, started in 2017 at Rajbandh. The hospital was established in 2012. Further medical facilities in Durgapur subdivision are as follows: Hospitals: (Name, location, beds) Durgapur Subdivisional Hospital, Durgapur, 200 beds SAIL DSP Hospital, Durgapur, 631 beds DPL Hospital, Durgapur, 103 beds DTPS Hospital, Durgapur, 30 beds Lions Club, Durgapur, 10 beds DVC Hospital, Durgapur, 30 beds Indian Red Cross Society Hospital, Durgapur, 30 beds Medical Unit-cum Hospital (RE College), Bahula, 30 beds Ondal Railway Hopital, Andal, 50 beds FCI Hospital, Andal, 50 beds ECL Bankola Area Hospital, Khandra, 50 beds Rural Hospitals: (Name, CD block, location, beds) Khandra Rural Hospital, Andal CD block, Khandra, PO Ukhra, 30 beds Laudoha Rural Hospital, Durgapur Faridpur CD block, Laudoha, 30 beds Panagarh Rural Hospital, Kanksa CD block, Panagarh, 30 beds Block Primary Health Centres: (Name, CD block, location, beds) Pandabeswar Block Primary Health Centre, Pandabeswar CD block, Pandabeswar, 10 beds Primary Health Centres : (CD block-wise)(CD block, PHC location, beds) Andal CD block: Andal (6), Baska, PO Andal (10) Durgapur-Faridpur CD block: Lowapur, PO Ichhapur (6), Kantaberia, PO Dhabani (10) Kanksa CD block: Malandighi (6), Shibpur (6), Shyambazar (6), Silambazar (10) Durgapur MC: Angapur (6) Electoral constituencies Lok Sabha (parliamentary) and Vidhan Sabha (state assembly) constituencies in Durgapur subdivision were as follows: References External links Subdivisions of West Bengal Subdivisions in Paschim Bardhaman district Durgapur, West Bengal
Kern River County Park is a large recreation facility located just north of Bakersfield, California. The facility is , and includes a park, zoo, golf course, and other amenities. The complex is served by Alfred Harrell Highway. The segment to the west of the park was built as a 4-lane local freeway. The segment to the east of the park was built as a 2-lane expressway, with land reserved for a future 4-lane freeway. Attractions Hart Park Hart Memorial Park (commonly known as Hart Park) is the centerpiece of the Kern River County Park. It is also the oldest section. The park contains two lakes, three canals, a large reservable picnic area, and two 18-hole disk golf courses. California Living Museum California Living Museum (commonly referred to as CALM) is a zoo and living museum. It sits on and contains 80 animal species. It also contains several different plant species, arranged to represent the different regions of Kern County. Lake Ming Lake Ming is a recreational lake. It is primarily for motorboats, but sailboats may use it at certain times. The lake has a surface area of . Also, a part of Lake Ming has large picnic areas overlooking the lake and a 50-space campground. Kern River Golf Course Kern River Golf Course is an 18-hole public golf course. It is one of three owned by Kern County. It is a 6,458-yard course on hilly terrain, located adjacent to the Kern River. There is also a large reservable picnic area. Other attractions Camp Okihi is a developed camp primarily used by sanctioned Kern County youth and school groups. The camp is located north of the Kern River. Since there is no bridge across the Kern River within the Kern River County Park, the camp is relatively isolated. The camp contains two reservable group camping areas for up to 100 people each. Each campsite contains 10 picnic tables, fire ring, and four barbecues (three metal and one brick). There is also a craft building located at the site. There is also a large soccer field complex. The field contains 20 soccer fields, four of them lit. There is also parking at the facility. All of the facilities are linked by a bike path. The path starts at the eastern edge of Hart Park, and travels east through all of the facilities, ending at the large picnic area in the Kern River Golf Course. This bike path does not connect with the Kern River Bike Trail, which runs along most of the Kern River within Bakersfield. It also does not link directly to the golf course's clubhouse, instead traveling around the north end of the course. References External links County of Kern Parks & Recreation: Kern River County Park website — with group picnic areas. County of Kern Parks & Recreation: Kern River Campground California Living Museum County of Kern Parks & Recreation: Hart Park County of Kern Parks & Recreation: Lake Ming County of Kern Parks & Recreation: Camp Okihi Kern River Parks in Bakersfield, California Tourist attractions in Bakersfield, California
Stewart Ransom "Rhett" Miller II (born September 1970) is the lead singer of the country rock band Old 97's. He also records and performs as a solo musician, and has been published as a writer of both fiction and non-fiction. Early life Miller, a seventh-generation Texan, was born in Austin, Texas. Miller's parents divorced when he was 17 years old. Miller, the oldest of three children, has a younger brother and sister. Rhett's paternal grandfather, Giles E. Miller, was a young millionaire scion of a successful textile family who, in 1952 owned the first NFL football team in the south, the Dallas Texans. The Texans folded after seven games, marking the last time an NFL franchise would go bankrupt. Miller's family lived in Highland Park, Texas, where he went to Armstrong Elementary School. In 4th grade, Miller was hospitalized for several months due to a severe inner-ear problem. In 6th grade, he began attending St. Mark's School of Texas, a private boys' school in North Dallas. He started taking guitar lessons when he was 12 years old and writing songs when he was 13. Miller has said that his time at St. Mark's was very difficult, and that he was ostracized and bullied, leading to depression which culminated in a suicide attempt at the age of 14. The following year in April 1985 Miller played his first gig at 500 Cafe in downtown Dallas. Through high school Miller played in bands, becoming a local folk performer and headlining small venues and opening for such nationally touring artists as Rosanne Cash, Chris Isaak, and The Lords of the New Church. Also in high school, Miller edited St. Mark’s literary magazine and helped start an alternative literary magazine called The Rag, for which he wrote poetry. In 1989, Miller graduated from St. Mark's School of Texas. He briefly attended Sarah Lawrence College on a creative writing scholarship before deciding to move back to Texas to pursue a music career. Career In 1989, while still in high school, Miller released an album called Mythologies. The album title was taken from a book of essays by the French media philosopher Roland Barthes. Only 1,000 copies of the CD exist. Miller signed and numbered each one. In 1990, when Miller returned to Dallas after his semester at college, Miller formed a band called Sleepy Heroes with childhood friend and future Old 97’s bassist Murry Hammond. Sleepy Heroes was a power-pop three piece. They released one album, Under a Radio Sun, before they broke up. The Old 97's song, "Victoria," was written during the last few months of Sleepy Heroes. Miller was the lead singer of various bands in Dallas between 1990 and 1993: Rhett Miller's Third Eye, Buzz, Rhett's Exploding, and Retablo, for which Miller self-recorded an unreleased record on cassette which included some early Old 97's songs. In 1993, Miller and Hammond formed Old 97's as a three piece acoustic act along with their neighbor at Dallas’ Marquita Court Apartments, guitarist Ken Bethea. They played as a three piece for six months before adding Darin Lin Wood on drums. He played with the band for a few weeks in the summer of 1993 before being replaced by Philip Peeples who has remained the band’s drummer ever since. Old 97’s first album, Hitchhike To Rhome, came out on local Dallas label Big Iron Records in 1993. During the first year of Old 97’s, Miller also performed as a touring member of the band Killbilly. It was during a Killbilly tour that Miller met Nan Warshaw, owner of Chicago’s Bloodshot Records, the label which released Old 97’s second album, Wreck Your Life. After a sold-out SXSW showcase in 1995, Old 97’s found themselves the subject of a major label bidding war. 15 record labels fought to sign the band, with Elektra Records A&R rep Tom Desavia finally inking the band to a multi-album deal. Their first Elektra release, Too Far To Care, came out in 1997, followed by Fight Songs and Satellite Rides. In 2002, Miller released The Instigator on Elektra Records. The record was produced and recorded with Jon Brion, received critical acclaim and substantial airplay on alternative-oriented radio stations. In 2006, Miller released The Believer on the Verve Forecast label. It includes a cover of Brion's "I Believe She's Lying" and "Fireflies," a duet with Rachael Yamagata. In 2009, Miller released his fourth record, the self-titled Rhett Miller, on Shout! Factory. The record includes Jon Brion on guitar and bass, The Apples in Stereo's John Dufilho on drums and Billy Harvey on guitar. In 2011, Miller self-released a live recording of The Interpreter: Live at Largo. In 2012, Miller released The Dreamer. The record, a Maximum Sunshine release which Miller self-produced, included collaborations with Rosanne Cash and Ben Kweller. In 2015, Miller released his sixth solo record, called The Traveler, on ATO Records. The album was a notable shift for Miller, as he recorded it with a Portland, Oregon-based bluegrass band called Black Prairie, which includes members of The Decemberists. The album also features contributions from Peter Buck and Scott McCaughey of R.E.M. In 2018, Miller released The Messenger on ATO Records. Writing Miller has written short stories, essays and articles that have appeared in Rolling Stone, The Baffler, Bookforum, Sports Illustrated, McSweeney’s, The Atlantic, and Salon. Other projects In addition to his solo work, Miller has worked on various collaborations, including co-writing with other musicians. 2004: Recorded a version of Simon and Garfunkel's "Homeward Bound" for one of MasterCard's "Priceless" advertisements 2008: Co-produced the first EP, No One Will Know, of New York band The Spring Standards 2009: Appeared as a member of the musical ensemble in the 30 Rock episode Kidney Now! 2019: On 1/23/19 Miller announced the 1/24 start of his podcast, Wheels Off, subtitled A Show About the Messy Reality Behind the Creative Life. In partnership with Revoice Media, it's an 11-episode series; each segment features host Miller conversing with musicians, writers, artists, actors, comedians and other creative people about the pivotal moments that shaped their work, what it means to create in a digital age and grappling with the challenges and joys of living a creative life. Philanthropy In 2006, Miller and his brother Ross Miller launched the Breathe Easy Concert Series, an annual event in Dallas that raises money for the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation and awareness about cystic fibrosis. In 2016, Miller appeared as part of the Okay to Say initiative sponsored by the Meadows Mental Health Policy Institute in Dallas, which encourages the use of therapy to prevent suicide and address mental health issues. In the campaign, Miller discusses his own suicide attempt when he was 14 years old, and how therapy has helped him over the years. Miller said that Jason Isbell encouraged him to talk publicly about his sobriety. Personal life In 1997, Miller moved from Dallas to Los Angeles. In 2000, he moved to New York City. Miller and then-fiancée lived three blocks south of the World Trade Center and were home on 9/11. He shared journal writing about their experience, which was published in The Atlantic in September 2011. Miller now lives in New York's Hudson Valley. In 2002, Miller married former model Erica Iahn a week after he completed production of The Instigator. Iahn found out she was pregnant with their first child, Max, while Miller was on tour with Tori Amos to promote the album. Their daughter, Soleil, was born in the spring of 2006. Miller said he got the nickname "Rhett" because his mother liked Rhett Butler from the movie Gone with the Wind. Discography Solo albums 1989: Mythologies (Carpe Diem Records) 2002: The Instigator (Elektra Records) 2006: The Believer (Verve Forecast Records) 2009: Rhett Miller (Shout! Factory) 2011: The Interpreter: Live at Largo (Maximum Sunshine Records) 2012: The Dreamer (Maximum Sunshine Records) 2015: The Traveler (ATO Records) 2018: The Messenger (ATO Records) 2022: The Misfit (ATO Records) Singles Other contributions 2003: The Executioner's Last Songs: Volumes 2 & 3 (Bloodshot Records) – "Dang Me" 2005: This Bird Has Flown - A 40th Anniversary Tribute to the Beatles' Rubber Soul (Razor & Tie) – "Girl" Filmography Works and publications Chronological order – short story - poetry References External links Rhett Miller Old 97's 1970 births American alternative country singers American country singer-songwriters American male singer-songwriters Elektra Records artists Living people Singers from Dallas Singers from Austin, Texas St. Mark's School (Texas) alumni Verve Records artists Wrasse Records artists American country rock singers Singer-songwriters from Texas People from Highland Park, Texas 21st-century American singer-songwriters Country musicians from Texas 21st-century American male singers
The "Song of Happiness" or "Warm Welcome Music" (Korean: 따뜻한 환영의 음악) is the entrance music of the leaders of North Korea. It has been played for all three of the past leaders, Kim Il Sung, Kim Jong Il and Kim Jong Un, whenever they enter or leave a public event. Generally during their entrance, the crowd chants cheers of manse (Korean: 만세), similar to the Japanese banzai salute. When appearing at musical performances, separate brass bands of the Korean People's Army performed the piece during the time of Kim Jong Il and early-Kim Jong Un. Nowadays however, the entrance music is generally played by the ensemble performing, with all of the musicians looking directly at the leader whilst standing. The piece has also been used to welcome dignitaries to Pyongyang for significant occasions, such as Moon Jae-in for the September 2018 inter-Korean summit, and Xi Jinping for the North Korea-China summit in 2019. Lyrics During the leadership of Kim Il Sung, the song was noted to have lyrics chanting "Long Live Comrade Kim Il Sung", however this was dropped after his death in 1994. References External links 30 seconds of the "Song of Happiness for the Great Leader" during state arrival ceremonies in Pyongyang Song of Happiness for the Great Leader Asian anthems State ritual and ceremonies North Korean propaganda songs Songs about Kim Il Sung
This is a list of properties and historic districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, other than those within the city of Quincy and the towns of Brookline and Milton. Norfolk County contains more than 300 listings, of which the more than 100 not in the above three communities are listed below. Some listings extend across municipal boundaries, and appear on more than one list. The locations of National Register properties and districts (at least for all showing latitude and longitude coordinates below) may be seen in a map by clicking on "Map of all coordinates". Cities and towns listed separately Due to the number of listings in the county, some cities and towns have their sites listed separately. Current listings \|} Former listings \|} References Norfolk
International Society may refer to the following: International Society of Sculptors, Painters and Gravers English school of international relations theory International Society for Krishna Consciousness International Society for Contemporary Music International Society of Automation See also :Category:International organizations
James Hooton (born 13 July 1973) is an English actor, best known for his role as Sam Dingle on the ITV soap opera Emmerdale, a role he has played since 1995. Early and personal life Hooton was born and raised in Carlton, Nottinghamshire, where he attended Frank Wheldon Comprehensive School. He has been engaged to dance company owner Nancy Lucas since 2010, after they became engaged on St Valentine's Day. The couple have two children together. Career In 1985, at the age of 12, he made his television debut in the children's TV series Your Mother Wouldn't Like It. He has also appeared in several other programmes, including Peak Practice, The Bill, Heartbeat and Touching Evil. In 1995, he was cast in the ITV soap opera Emmerdale as Sam Dingle. He filmed his first scene on 10 January 1995. In 1997, he appeared in director Shane Meadows' first feature film, Twenty Four Seven, where he played the character 'Wolfman' Knighty. Then a year later, he announced his decision to leave Emmerdale. He subsequently starred in The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner after Chris Gascoyne dropped out of the show, with Hooton having ten days to prepare for the role. In 2009, he attended the Eurogamer Expo alongside co-star Alex Carter where he revealed that he was trying to get sponsorship for a video game show he was planning to pitch to television studios. Hooton returned to Emmerdale in 2000. In 2012, Hooton returned to the stage after 15 years to star in a stage production titled Our Style is Legendary. References External links 1973 births English male stage actors English male television actors English male film actors Living people Male actors from Nottinghamshire People from Carlton, Nottinghamshire
The Government of Quebec adopted the Balanced Budget Act (BBA) in 1996. The BBA prohibits a budget deficit, other than in special circumstances. Background Quebec incurred little debt before the 1960s, but from 1958 it recorded deficits for 40 consecutive years. Accumulated debt reached more than $100 billion (over 40% of GDP) by 1998. (The debt of the province of Quebec is separate from the debt of the federal government of Canada.) Quebec's credit rating was downgraded by Moody's in 1993 and 1995 and, in 1996, there were fears of a further downgrade. The Balanced Budget Act (BBA) was adopted unanimously by Quebec's legislative assembly in 1996, and incoming Premier Lucien Bouchard said balanced budgets were a priority "to save future generations from debt and despair" and "to protect the government's ability to act". The budget balance mechanism Under the Balanced Budget Act (BBA), the government is prohibited from incurring a budget deficit, other than in the special circumstances of a disaster that has a major impact on revenues or expenditures; a significant deterioration in economic conditions; or any substantial reduction in federal transfer programs. In the event of a deficit, the BBA sets out a path for a return to fiscal balance. If a deficit is less than $1 billion for a fiscal year, the government must achieve at least an equivalent surplus in the next fiscal year. For a deficit greater than $1 billion, it must be warranted by one of the specified conditions and, in the next budget, the Minister of Finance must (1) report the circumstances that justify the deficit; (2) introduce a financial plan to address the deficit within five years; (3) implement deficit reduction measures of at least $1 billion in the fiscal year of the current budget; and (4) reduce at least 75% of the deficit in the first four years. In a surplus year, the BBA provides for the creation of a notional "stabilization reserve" to which an amount equal to the budget surplus is allocated. In a deficit year, the government incurs a budgetary deficit, within the meaning of the BBA, only if it has a budgetary balance that remains negative even after being offset by the entire balance of the (notional) stabilization reserve. Impact and assessment Following the introduction of the BBA, and with the subsequent establishment of the Generations Fund (which targets a debt-to-GDP ratio of no more than 45%), Quebec's debt levels and credit rating improved. In the twenty-five years since its enactment, Quebec's BBA "still seems to impose a genuine constraint on the government" according to Luc Godbout. However, the BBA was temporarily suspended following the Great Recession in 2008–09, and in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Marc Levesque argues Quebec's BBA has the advantage that it allows potentially large deficits during recessions, while ultimately balancing budgets over the business cycle. That is, a deficit is allowed when tax revenue falls in a recession, in contrast to a strict balanced budget rule that would require budget balance each year. In the absence of deficit financing, when revenues decline during a downturn, a government would need to raise taxes and/or cut spending, exacerbating the drop in economic activity. Other desirable features of Quebec's BBA are that the conditions under which a government can run a deficit are well-defined, and the time allowed to bring the budget back into balance is clearly spelled out. As a consequence, the rule is easy for governments to follow, and for the public to understand and verify. Luc Godbout notes some adjustments would improve the BBA. For example, rather than using the fixed number of $1 billion in the legislation, it would be better to use a percent of revenue or of provincial GDP, because of the decline in the importance of $1 billion since 1996. Also, the horizon for the return to budget balance could be allowed to vary depending on the magnitude of the circumstance that caused the deficit. See also Canadian public debt Ministry of Finance (Quebec) Government of Quebec References External links Quebec's Debt Fiscal policy Government debt
HMS Nemesis was an (later H-class) destroyer that served with the Royal Navy and Imperial Japanese Navy in the First World War . The Acorn class were smaller than the preceding but oil-fired and better armed. Launched in 1910, Nemesis served with the Second Destroyer Flotilla based at Scapa Flow. The vessel served as part of the Grand Fleet, taking part in exercises, and as an escort protecting shipping against submarines deployed at Devonport. Nemesis was undamaged by enemy action, despite a near-miss from a torpedo launched by the German submarine , but was damaged in a collision with sister ship . In 1917, the destroyer was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet in 1917 and joined the 11th Japanese Destroyer Division with the new name Kanran to escort ships crossing the Mediterranean Sea. After the Armistice, the destroyer was returned to Royal Navy service in 1919 but was reduced to reserve before being sold to be broken up in 1921. Design and development The first decade of the twentieth century saw dramatic strides in the development of destroyers, and the Royal Navy demanded more powerful designs capable of independent operation. The coal-burning were followed by the , which saw the Navy return to oil-firing. Pioneered by the of 1905 and of 1907, using oil enabled a more efficient design, leading to a smaller vessel which also had increased deck space available for weaponry. In addition, unlike previous destroyer designs, where the individual yards had been given discretion within the parameters set by the Admiralty, the Acorn class was a set, with the propulsion machinery the only major variation between the different ships. This enabled costs to be reduced. The class was renamed H class in October 1913. Nemesis was long between perpendiculars and overall, with a beam of and a deep draught of . Displacement was normal and full load. Power was provided by Parsons steam turbines, fed by four Yarrow boilers. Parsons supplied a complex of high-pressure and low pressure turbines, driving three shafts. The engines were rated at and design speed was . Three funnels were fitted. The vessel carried of fuel oil and had a design range of at a cruising speed of . The armament consisted of a single BL Mk VIII gun carried on the forecastle and another aft. Two single QF 12-pounder guns were mounted between the first two funnels. Two rotating torpedo tubes were mounted aft of the funnels, with two reloads carried. A searchlight was fitted between the tubes. The destroyer was later modified to carry a single Vickers QF 3-pounder anti-aircraft gun and depth charges for anti-submarine warfare. The ship's complement was 72 officers and ratings. Construction and career The 20 destroyers of the Acorn class were ordered by the Admiralty under the 1909–1910 Naval Programme on 8 September 1909. Nemesis was laid down at the Dumbarton shipyard of R. & W. Hawthorn, Leslie and Company on 26 November with yard number 434, launched on 9 August 1910 and completed in 7 March 1911. There had been a 13 week stoppage during the construction due to labour troubles. The ship was the fourth in Royal Navy service to be given the name. On commissioning, the vessel joined the Second Destroyer Flotilla. After the British Empire declared war on Germany at the beginning of the First World War in August 1914, the Flotilla became part of the Grand Fleet based at Scapa Flow. On 16 October, while patrolling in the Pentland Firth, the destroyer was attacked by the German submarine . The torpedo missed, crossing in front of the destroyer, although the submarine escaped before Nemesis could launch a depth charge attack. On 16 March 1915, the destroyer was damaged in a collision with sister ship during an exercise off the coast of Scotland. On 6 May, the vessel was again damaged in a collision, this time while escorting the minelayer , but was soon back in service. Between 13 and 15 October, the Second Destroyer Flotilla escorted the battleships of the Grand Fleet in a practice cruise. The destroyer was subsequently deployed to Devonport to undertake more extensive escort duties, protecting merchant ships against German submarines, remaining there until December 1916. At the start of 1917, Nemesis was assigned to the British Adriatic Squadron as part of the Mediterranean Fleet. The destroyer continued to act as an escort. On 26 May, the destroyer, along with sister ship , was escorting the hospital ships and between Malta and Gibraltar when the flotilla was attacked by the German submarine . Dover Castle was torpedoed and sank. Protected by smoke screen sent up by Nemesis, Karapara escaped to Annaba. The submarine also escaped unharmed. Soon afterwards, the destroyer was transferred, along with sister ship , to the Imperial Japanese Navy to serve as an escort operated by a Japanese crew. Nemesis was renamed Kanran and served with the 11th Japanese Destroyer Division with a Japanese crew, although remaining under the command of the British Admiralty. The vessel continued to successfully escort ships in the Mediterranean Sea, with shipping departing Gibraltar now forming convoys to offer greater protection. The Japanese vessels were particularly called upon to escort troop ships, a role in which they proved particularly adept. After the Armistice, the vessel was no longer needed for Japanese service and so was returned to the Royal Navy on 17 January 1919. However, as the navy returned to a peacetime level of strength, there was no longer he need for a large number of ships and the amount of personnel needed to be reduced to save money. Nemesis joined 48 other destroyers in reserve at Devonport. The vessel was sold to the British Legion on 26 November 1921 to be broken up. Pennant numbers References Citations Bibliography 1910 ships Nemesis (1910) Ships built on the River Clyde Nemesis (1910)
Seven-star Cave () is an extensive limestone cave complex in Seven-star Park, both of which are popular tourist attractions in the city of Guilin in Guangxi Autonomous Region in China. The name derives from the fact the main karst limestone peaks form roughly the same pattern as the stars of the Big Dipper constellation. The earliest exploration of Seven-star Cave dates back to the Tang dynasty, about 1,300 years ago. The name can also be rendered Seven Stars Cave, Cave of Seven Stars, etc. The cave has a year-round temperature of about 20 Celsius. The maximum ceiling height inside is 27 metres, and the maximum width is 49 metres. A concrete and stone tour path of approximately 1,000 metres runs through the cave between its entrance and exit points. Artificial lighting for walkways and displays is staged throughout, including colored accents, and various formations have been given names such as "A Natural Fresco" and "The Chessboard". During the Japanese invasion of China in World War II, Guilin residents took refuge in the cave complex. The cave has scheduled tours about once per hour, conducted in Mandarin Chinese, usually with a megaphone irrespective of group size, explaining in detail the origins of various formation names, such as a dragon eating a bear, or a bear catching a tiger. The tour cannot easily be walked independently of groups, since the lights inside the cave are turned off behind the groups as they walk away. Signs are posted in both Chinese and English and takes typically 30–60 minutes. Like most parks in Guilin, the cave complex maintains an entrance fee, costing 30 RMB beyond the basic park entrance fee of 75 RMB. References External links Caves of Guangxi Limestone caves Karst formations of China Show caves in China Tourist attractions in Guangxi
Anumanniola is a monotypic Indomalayan genus of hymenopteran insects of the family Eulophidae. References Key to Nearctic eulophid genera Universal Chalcidoidea Database Eulophidae Monotypic Hymenoptera genera
Kawahara Keiga (, also known as Taguchi Takumi or Toyosuke, Nagasaki, 1786–1860?) was a late Edo period Japanese painter of plants, fishes, birds, reptiles, crustaceans, social scenes, landscapes and portraits at the Dutch Factory of Dejima, and at Edo, Kyoto and Nagasaki. His works can be found in museums in Japan (about a hundred works) and in the Netherlands (about a thousand), among others. Career Kawahara was born in Nagasaki as the son of the painter Kawahara Kozan. He studied with the painter Yūshi Ishizaki (1768–1846). With special permission from the Japanese government, Kawahara worked as a painter at the Dutch factory of Dejima, Nagasaki, from 1811 to 1842. At the request of successive directors at Dejima, Kawahara documented many aspects of life of Japan in general and at Dejima in particular. From 1823 to 1829, Kawahara drew and coloured detailed images of Japanese flora and fauna, at the behest of Dejima commander, physician and botanist Philipp Franz von Siebold. In 1825 Carl Hubert de Villeneuve (1800–1874) came to Dejima and taught Kawahara the fundamentals of Western painting techniques. As a result, Keiga introduced Western techniques in traditional Japanese painting. In 1826 he accompanied Von Siebold together with Heinrich Bürger during his visit to the court at Edo, and documented many objects, street and court scenes. In 1829, he was imprisoned by the Tokugawa shogunate for involvement in a spying incident of Siebold, who was subsequently expelled from Japan. In 1842, Kawahara was punished again, now for depicting the harbor of Nagasaki with family crests showing and therefore was dismissed from Nagasaki. In 1846 he put his signature on five ceiling paintings in the main hall of the Buddhist temple Wakimisaki Kannon (now in Wakimisakimachi, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki). Kawahara's images have been fundamental for biological publications by Coenraad Jacob Temminck and Hermann Schlegel. Techniques Kawahara used watercolor-coloured pencil drawing on paper for his biological work. For other works he also painted on silk and wood, like his paintings on the ceilings of several temples in Japan. Gallery of Kawahara's work Museum collections with his work For instance British Museum, London Fukuoka City Museum Nagasaki Museum of History and Culture Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden SieboldHuis, Leiden Museum Volkenkunde, Leiden See also Ukiyo-e Sources Article Japanese Wikipedia Japanartsandcrafts.com Kawahara Keiga Other external links and literature O-jewel.tumblr.com: Kawahara's botanical art Oijen, M.J.P. van: A short history of the Siebold collection of Japanese Fishes in the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands. Catalogue of the Aquatic world of von Siebold. Nagasaki Museum of History and Culture, 2007 Forrer, Matthi: Kawahara Keiga, Rijksmuseum voor volkenkunde (Leyde, Pays-Bas), cop. 1987 Kawahara Keiga: Picture book Vol.2 “botanical art”, Far East Amur adonis References 19th-century Japanese painters Botanical illustrators People of Edo-period Japan 1786 births 1860 deaths People from Nagasaki Buddhist artists 19th-century Japanese artists
Munira Yaqubova (born July 1, 1932) was a Tajikistani pediatrician. Born in Bukhara, Yaqubova was the daughter of Mukhsin Yaqubov and his wife Mohira, a couple who were heavily involved in the pharmaceutical industry. She graduated from the Tajikistan State Medical Institute in 1956, continuing her studies in the children's wards of the same institution. From 1958 to 1963 she served first as associate director and later as director of the Dushanbe Children's Hospital No. 2. She became head of the Department of Pediatrics of the Medical Institute in 1963. In 1972 she became both a doctor and a professor. She published and edited a number of journals during her career, including Tandurusti (Health) and Pediatria (Pediatrics). Her publications include , (Diagnosis and Treatment of Kidney Disease in Children, Dushanbe, 1966); nephrology long remained an area of particular interest to her in her research. Heavily active in the development of pediatrics as a discipline in Tajikistan, she received numerous awards and decorations during her career, including the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. References Tajikistani women scientists Tajikistani pediatricians Women pediatricians 20th-century women scientists 1932 births Year of death missing People from Bukhara Soviet pediatricians Soviet women physicians
The Treaty between Uruguay and Argentina concerning the Rio de la Plata and the Corresponding Maritime Boundary was signed in Montevideo on 19 November 1973 by Dr. Juan Carlos Blanco Estradé, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Uruguay and Mr. Alberto J. Vignes, Minister for Foreign Affairs and Worship of Argentina. The treaty provides the geographic coordinates for the boundary points in the Rio de la Plata, affords the status of Martín García Island and other islands in the Rio de la Plata, designates Isla Martin Garcia as the seat of an Administrative Commission for the Rio de la Plata (, CARP), and regulates the adjacent maritime front. There are two kinds of zones in the Rio de la Plata: the zones of exclusive jurisdiction and the zone of common jurisdiction. In zones considered to be of exclusive jurisdiction, each Party may exert its authority without interference from the other. In the common zones these jurisdictions may be exercised concurrently and by the CARP. The inner waters of both countries are drawn intentionally to let the navigable waterways lie within the common zones. This combined definition of the boundary led to the Martín García canal dispute and the Uruguay River pulp mill dispute. See also Río de la Plata References External links United Nations website, Treaty between Uruguay and Argentina concerning the Rio de la Plata and the Corresponding Maritime Boundary 19 November 1973 Legal Regime of the Rio de la Plata by Lilian del Castillo Laborde. Argentina – Uruguay Boundary by The Geographer Office of the Geographer Bureau of Intelligence and Research Argentina–Uruguay relations Argentina–Uruguay border La Plata basin Treaties concluded in 1973 1973 in Uruguay 1973 in Argentina Treaties of Argentina Treaties of Uruguay Boundary treaties
John Elliott (April 22, 1858 – May 26, 1925) was an artist, illustrator, and muralist. Born in Lincolnshire, England, he studied in Paris at the Académie Julian under Carolus-Duran. In 1878, he went to Rome to study with José Villegas Cordero and there met his future wife, Maud Howe, Pulitzer-prize-winning American writer and the daughter of Julia Ward Howe, the author of "The Battle Hymn of the Republic." Elliott is known for his epic Symbolist murals including working alongside his friend and colleague John Singer Sargent to provide murals for the Boston Public library, as well as creating a mural in the National Museum (now the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.) Works The Making of the First Musical Instrument , C. 1900 Oil on Canvas; 81.3 x 137.2 cm. (32 x 54 in.) Large Mural of Pan (god) reclining by a stream ( featured on pages 138–139 in the Biography "John Elliott: The Story of an Artist" https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015014571718;view=1up;seq=202 Published 1930)...previously in the Private Collection of Maud Howe Elliott a series red-chalk drawings making up a memorial collection of the Lafayette Escadrille and other Americans who died in the First World War, currently in the National Museum of American Art, Washington. Triumph of Time,c. 1901, a two-panel mural on the ceiling of the Elliott room of the McKim Building of the Boston Public Library. The mural shows 12 female figures representing the Hours spread among twenty horses representing Christian Centuries. The horses are pulling a chariot carrying a male figure representing Time. Julia Ward Howe, 1901, red chalk drawing on gray wove paper. Given to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 1904. Diana of the Tides, 1908, a mural in the National Museum, now the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. In the paleontology hall, but currently not visible due to a wall. Julia Ward Howe, a portrait in oil on canvas, finished c. 1925 by William Henry Cotton after Elliott's death . On display at the National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution. Chevalier, a portrait in oil on canvas Samuel Gridley Howe as Surgeon General in the Greek War for Independence, wearing the costume of a Greek soldier. It currently hangs in the John Hay Library at Brown University. Terrace Garden, Rome, an oil painting on canvas depicting the artist's terrace at his apartment in Rome. It was painted at the request of Larz Anderson, who met his wife Isabel Weld Perkins for the first time at this location. References Further reading External links 1858 births 1925 deaths Burials at Mount Auburn Cemetery 19th-century English painters English male painters 20th-century English painters English muralists Artists of the Boston Public Library 20th-century English male artists 19th-century English male artists
```php <?php /* * * * path_to_url * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the / namespace Google\Service\HomeGraphService; class QueryResponsePayload extends \Google\Model { /* * @var array[] / public $devices; /* * @param array[] / public function setDevices($devices) { $this->devices = $devices; } /* * @return array[] */ public function getDevices() { return $this->devices; } } // Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name. class_alias(QueryResponsePayload::class, 'Google_Service_HomeGraphService_QueryResponsePayload'); ```
Baron Craigmyle, of Craigmyle in the County of Aberdeen, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in May 1929 for the Liberal politician and judge Thomas Shaw, Baron Shaw. He had already in 1909 been given a life peerage under the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876 as Baron Shaw, of Dunfermline in the County of Fife. He served as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary in the House of Lords from 1909 to 1929, when he was rewarded with a hereditary peerage. On his death in 1937 the life peerage became extinct while he was succeeded in the hereditary barony by his son, the second Baron. He notably represented Kilmarnock in Parliament as a Liberal. the title is held by the latter's grandson, the fourth Baron, who succeeded his father in 1998. Barons Craigmyle (1929) Thomas Shaw, 1st Baron Craigmyle (1850–1937) Alexander Shaw, 2nd Baron Craigmyle (1883–1944) Thomas Shaw, 3rd Baron Craigmyle (1923–1998) Thomas Columba Shaw, 4th Baron Craigmyle (born 1960) The heir apparent is the present holder's son Hon. Alexander Francis Shaw (born 1988). Line of Succession Thomas Shaw, Baron Shaw, 1st Baron Craigmyle (1850—1937) Alexander Shaw, 2nd Baron Craigmyle (1883—1944) Thomas Donald Mackay Shaw, 3rd Baron Craigmyle (1923—1998) Thomas Columba Shaw, 4th Baron Craigmyle (born 1960) (1) Hon. Alexander Francis Shaw (born 1988) (2) Hon. Finnian Donald Shaw (born 1990) (3) Hon. Calum Edward Shaw (born 1993) (4) Hon. Joseph Thomas Shaw (born 1996) (5) Hon. Justin Edward Magnus Shaw (born 1965) (6) Hon. Alexander Joseph Ranald Shaw (born 1971) The 4th Baron Craigmyle has expressed some sympathy for the Freemen on the land movement, which led to his receiving tens of thousands of oaths of loyalty based on article 61 of Magna Carta. Arms Notes References Obituary, The Independent, by G. Noel, ref. the 3rd Baron Craigmyle https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/obituary-lord-craigmyle-1159659.html Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990, Baronies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom Noble titles created in 1929 Noble titles created for UK MPs
Susanna (sometimes spelled Susannah) Wales, Lady Malet was a British artist. Biography Wales was the daughter of Scottish artist James Wales. She appears to have travelled with her father to India in the 1790s, either to Poona or Bombay, before she was married. On 17 September 1799 she married Sir Charles Malet, whom her father had met while working in India. The couple had eight sons and lived at Wilbury House, Wiltshire. Wales is credited to a portrait of Sir Alexander Malet and his wife Marian Malet, posed in Wilbury House. Engraver Charles Heath used one of Wales' drawings to create 'The Conclusion of the Cheetah Hunt at Cambay', which appeared in James Forbes' Oriental Memoirs. References 1780 births 1868 deaths British women painters British portrait painters Wives of baronets
Dnipro, formerly Dnipropetrovsk (1926–2016), is Ukraine's fourth-largest city, with about one million inhabitants. It is located in the eastern part of Ukraine, southeast of the Ukrainian capital Kyiv on the Dnieper River, after which its Ukrainian language name is derived. Dnipro is the administrative centre of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. It hosts the administration of Dnipro urban hromada. Dnipro has a population of Archeological evidence suggests the site of the present city was settled by Cossack communities from at least 1524. Yekaterinoslav ("glory of Catherine") was established by decree of the Russian Empress Catherine the Great in 1787 as the administrative center of Novorossiya. From the end of the 19th century, the town attracted foreign capital and an international, multi-ethnic workforce exploiting Kryvbas iron ore and Donbas coal. Renamed Dnipropetrovsk in 1926 after the Ukrainian Communist Party leader Grigory Petrovsky, it became a focus for the Stalinist commitment to the rapid development of heavy industry. After World War II, this included nuclear, arms, and space industries whose strategic importance led to Dnipropetrovsk's designation as a closed city. Following the Euromaidan events of 2014, the city politically shifted away from pro-Russian parties and figures towards those favoring closer ties with the European Union. As a result of decommunization, the city was renamed Dnipro in 2016. Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Dnipro rapidly developed as a logistical hub for humanitarian aid and a reception point for people fleeing the various battle fronts. Name Current name Ukrainian: Дніпро , Russian: Днепр Former names Novyi Kodak 1645–1784 Yekaterinoslav (also spelled Ekaterinoslav; ) or Katerynoslav ( ) 1784–1796 Novorossiisk (, Ukrainian: ) 1796–1802, briefly renamed during the reign of Catherine II's hated son, tsar Paul I; however, the previous name was restored by tsar Alexander I after he had his father assassinated Yekaterinoslav 1802–1918, called Catharinoslav on some nineteenth-century maps. Sicheslav () 1918–1921 (unofficial name) Yekaterinoslav/Katerynoslav 1918–1926 Dnipropetrovsk ( , also Dnipropetrovske () according to the Kharkiv orthography 1926–2016. The word originates from Ukrainian Дніпропетро́вськ, from Дніпро́ (Dnipró, "Dnieper River") + Петро́вський (Petróvsʹkyj), after Soviet revolutionary / Dnepropetrovsk ()) The original name of a Ukrainian Cossack city on the territory of modern Dnipro was Novyi Kodak (New Kodak). Also on the territory of Modern Dnipro, the Russian Empire founded Yekaterinoslav (the glory of Catherine). This name was first mentioned in a report to Azov Governor to Grigory Potemkin on 23 April 1776. He wrote "The provincial city called Yekaterinoslav should be the best convenience on the right side of the Dnieper River near Kaydak..." (Which referred to ). The construction was officially transferred to the right bank in a decree of Empress of Russia Catherine II of 23 January 1784. In the 17th century the city was also known as Polovytsia. In 1918, the Central Council of Ukraine of the Ukrainian People's Republic proposed to change the name of the city to Sicheslav; however, this was never finalised. In 1926 the city was renamed after communist leader Grigory Petrovsky. In some Anglophone media Dnipro was nicknamed the Rocket City during the Cold War. The 2015 law on decommunization required the city to be renamed. On 29 December 2015 the city council officially changed the reference of the city naming from referring to Petrovsky to being in honor of Saint Peter, thus making the name consistent with the law without actually changing the name itself. On 3 February 2016 a draft law was registered in the Verkhovna Rada (the Ukrainian parliament) to change the name of the city to Dnipro. On 19 May 2016 the Ukrainian parliament passed a bill to officially rename the city (to Dnipro). The resolution was approved by 247 out of the 344 MPs, with 16 opposing the measure. Following the renaming of the city the reference to Petrovsky has been removed from institutions named after the city. A notable exception is the name of the surrounding province, which is listed in the territorial structure of Ukraine in the Constitution. Thus until a lengthy and complicated process of amending is carried out, it officially retains the name Dnipropetrovsk Oblast (). History Early history Human settlements in current Dnipropetrovsk Oblast date from the Paleolithic era. According to archeological finds, in the Paleolithic period (7—3 thousand Anno Domini) human settlements appear near the in what is now Chechelivskyi District and on Monastyrskyi Island. A Neolithic stonecrafter's house has been excavated in one of Dnipro's city parks. In the Bronze Age the area was settled by diverse tribes. Traces of Cimmerian settlements during the Bronze age have been found near today's . The area of modern Dnipro was part of the Scythian empire from approximately the 1th century BC until the 3rd century BC. During the Migration Period (300–800) nomadic tribes of the Huns, Avars, Bulgarians, and Magyars passed through the lands of the Dnieper region, they came into contact with local agricultural East Slavs. The area of modern Dnipro was part of the Kievan Rus' (882–1240). The region witnessed fighting between the armies of Kievan Rus' and Khazars, Pechenegs, Tork people and Cumans. In the 13th century the Dnieper region was devastated during the Mongol Empire conquest of Kievan Rus'. The area of modern Dnipro city was incorporated into the Mongol's khanate Golden Horde. In the 15th century the area became part of the Kiev Voivodeship (1471–1565) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Archeological finds in today's Dnipro's urban district Samarskyi District suggest that the important river crossing was a trading settlement from at least 1524. In 1635, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth built the Kodak Fortress above the Dnieper Rapids at Kodaky on the south-eastern outskirts of modern Dnipro near the current Kaidatsky Bridge, only to have it destroyed within months by the Cossacks of Ivan Sulyma. Rebuilt in 1645, it was captured by Zaporozhian Sich in 1648. Around the fortress a settlement emerged that became a town in (province) of the Zaporizhian Sich called . Cossacks often hid the true number of the population in order to reduce taxation and other obligations, but according to documentary evidence, it can be assumed that the population of New Kodak was at least 3,000 people. The fortress was garrisoned by Cossacks until the Sich, allied with the Ottoman Empire and their Tartar vassals, drove out the encroaching Tsardom of Russia. Under the terms of the Russian withdrawal—the Treaty of the Pruth in 1711—the Kodak fortress was demolished. In the mid-1730s, the fortress and Russians returned, living in an uneasy cohabitation with local cossacks. From mid-century they co-existed with the Zaporozhian sloboda (or "free settlement") of Polovytsia located on the site of today's Central Terminal and the Ozyorka farmers market. In the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774), the Zaporozhian cossacks allied with Empress Catherine II. No sooner had they assisted the Russians to victory than they faced an imperial ultimatum to disband their confederation. The liquidation of the Sich destroyed their political autonomy and saw the incorporation of their lands into the new governates of Novorossiya. In 1784, Catherine ordered the foundation of new city, commonly referred to at the time as Katerynoslav. In 2001 the seal of Kodak Palanka became the central element of and . Imperial city {{Quote box \| quote = 1776–1917 1917–1918 ∟ autonomous part of the Russian Republic Ukrainian State 1918 1918–1920 1920–1941 ∟ part of the Soviet Union from 1922 Reichskommissariat Ukraine 1941–1944 ∟ part of German-occupied Europe 1944–1991 ∟ part of the Soviet Union 1991–present \| title = Historical affiliations \| width = 30em \| fontsize = 80% }} Establishment of Catherine's city The first written mention of a town in the Russian Empire called Yekaterinoslav can be found in a report from Azov Governor to Grigory Potemkin on 23 April 1776. He wrote "The provincial city called Yekaterinoslav should be the best convenience on the right side of the Dnieper River near Kaydak..." (Which referred to ). In 1777, a town named Yekaterinoslav (the glory of Catherine), was built to the north of the present-day city at the confluence of the Samara and Kilchen rivers. The site was badly chosen – spring waters transformed the city into a bog. The surviving settlement was later renamed Novomoskovsk.S. S. Montefiore: Prince of Princes – The Life of Potemkin The territory of modern Dnipro, despite the modern-day city's size, still has not expanded to encompass the territory of (Chertkov's) Yekaterinoslav of 1776. On 22 January 1784 Russian Empress Catherine the Great signed an Imperial Ukase directing that "the gubernatorial city under name of Yekaterinoslav be moved to the right bank of the Dnieper river near Kodak". The new city would serve Grigory Potemkin as a Viceregal seat for the combined Novorossiya and Azov Governorates. On , in the course of her celebrated Crimean journey, the Empress laid the foundation stone of the Transfiguration Cathedral in the presence of Austrian Emperor Joseph II, Polish king Stanisław August Poniatowski, and the French and English ambassadors. Potemkin's grandiose plans for a third Russian imperial capital alongside Moscow and Saint Petersburg included a viceregal palace, a university (Potemkin envisioned Yekaterinoslav as the 'Athens of southern Russia'), courts of law and a botanical garden, were frustrated by a renewal of the Russo-Turkish war in 1787, by bureaucratic procrastination, defective workmanship, and theft, Potemkin's death in 1791 and that of his imperial patroness five years later. In 1815 a government official described the town as "more like some Dutch [Mennonite] colony then a provincial administrative centre". The cathedral, much reduced in size, was completed in 1835. Disputed year of foundation Scholarship concerning the foundation of the city has been subject to political considerations and dispute. In 1976, to have the bicentenary of the city coincide with the 70th anniversary of the birth of Soviet party leader, and regional native son, Leonid Brezhnev, the date of the city's foundation was moved back from the visit Russian Empress Catherine II in 1787, to 1776. Following Ukrainian independence, local historians began to promote the idea of a town emerging in the 17th century from Cossack settlements, an approach aimed at promoting the city's Ukrainian identity. They cited the chronicler of the Zaporozhian Cossacks, Dmytro Yavornytsky, whose History of the City of Ekaterinoslav completed in 1940 was authorised for publication only in 1989, the era of Glasnost. Growth as an industrial centre While into the late nineteenth century the principal business of the town remained the processing of agricultural raw materials, there was an early state-sponsored effort to promote manufacture. In 1794 the government supported two factories: a textile factory that was transferred from the town of Dubrovny Mogilev Governorate and a silk-stockings factory that was brought from the village of Kupavna near Moscow. In 1797 the textile factory employed 819 permanent workers, 378 of whom were women and 115 children. The silk stocking workers, the majority being women, were serfs bought at an auction for 16,000 roubles. Conditions, as Potemkin himself was forced to admit, were harsh, with many of the workers dying from malnutrition and exhaustion. From 1797 to 1802, while serving under the Emperor Paul I as the administrative centre of a centre of the Novorossiya Governorate, the settlement was officially known as Novorossiysk.Despite the bridging of the Dnieper in 1796, commerce was slow to develop. 1832 saw the establishment of the small Zaslavsky iron-casting factory, the town's first metallurgical enterprise. Industrialisation gathered apace in the 1880s with the establishment of the first railway connections. Rail construction responded to the enterprise of two men: John Hughes, a Welsh businessman who built an iron works at Yuzovka in 1869–72, and developed the Donbas coal deposits; and the Russian geologist Alexander Pol, who in 1866 had discovered the Krivoy Rog iron ore basin, Krivbass, during archaeological research. In 1884, a railway to supply pig iron foundries in Krivoy Rog with Donbass coal crossed the Dnieper at Yekaterinoslav. It proved a spur to further industrial development and to the creation of the new suburbs of Amur and Nyzhnodniprovsk. In 1897, Yekaterinoslav became the third city in the Russian Empire to have electric trams. The Yekaterinoslav Higher Mining School, today's Dnipro Polytechnic, was founded in 1899. Within twenty years the population had more than tripled, reaching 157,000 in 1904. The immigrants flowing into the city were mainly ethnic or cultural Russians and Jews, with the Ukrainian population remaining rural in this stage of the industrial revolution. The Jewish community and the 1905 pogrom From 1792 Yekaterinoslav was within the Pale of Settlement, the former Polish-Lithuanian territories in which Catherine and her successors enforced no limitation on the movement and residency of their Jewish subjects. Within less than a century, a largely Yiddish-speaking Jewish community of 40,000 constituted more than a third of the city's population, and contributed a considerable share of its business capital and industrial workforce. Such apparent strength did not protect the community—members of whom had had the unpopular task of collecting government taxes and recruiting young men for the army— from communal violence. In 1883, three days of rioting destroyed Jewish business, and persuaded many to temporarily leave the city. There was a return of anti–Semitic incitement among the Christian public in 1904, but attacks on community were, at that time, suppressed on the order of a liberal governor. In the widespread social unrest that followed the 1905 defeat in the Russo-Japanese War, the political life of the city was dominated by the revolutionary opposition (including the Jewish Workers Socialist Party and the Bund) and by the insurrectionary spirit of the nascent labor movement. The local czarist authorities were able to ride out the wave political protests and strikes, in part by playing on division between Jewish workers who predominated as clerks and artisans in the city, and Russian workers employed in the large suburban factories. There was a wave of anti-Semitic attacks. With the army intervening against Jewish defense groups, about 100 Jews were killed and two hundred wounded. According to local historian Andrii Portnov, 40% of the local Yekaterinoslav population was Jewish in the years leading up to World War I. The Soviet era War and revolution Directly following the Russian February revolution, in the night of 3 March O.S (16 March N.S) to 4 March 1917 a provisional government was organised in Yekaterinoslav headed by the (since 1913) chairman of the provincial land administration . Also on 4 March a Council of Workers' Deputies was formed. On 6 March the prime minister of the Russian Provisional Government Georgy Lvov removed the governor and the vice-governor of Yekaterinoslav Governorate, temporarily handing these powers to Hesberg. On 9 March a Yekaterinoslav Council of Workers and Soldiers deputies was formed. On 16 May the Council of Workers' Deputies and the Council of Workers and Soldiers merged, to become named the Revolutionary Council in November 1917. All these power structures existed in duality, with Hesberg's provisional government often being in a disadvantage. In 1917 the city saw numerous meetings, rallies, meetings, conferences, congresses and demonstrations by political parties all over the political spectrum. Due to intense political agitation the newly formed factory committees and professional unions by autumn of 1917 mainly supported the Bolsheviks, significantly strengthening their positions. In June 1917 a Central Council (Tsentralna Rada) of Ukrainian parties in Kyiv declared Yekaterinoslav to be within the territory of the autonomous Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR). On 13 August 1917 the first democratic Yekaterinoslav 120 seats city Duma election took place. The Bolsheviks gained 24 seats and the Mensheviks 16, with pro-Ukrainian parties picking up 6 seats. was elected Mayor of the city. Osipov was Mayor until the dissolution of the city Duma in May 1918. On 10 November 1917 a parade of Ukrainian troops was held, organized by the Yekaterinoslav Ukrainian Military Council in support of the Third Universal of the Ukrainian Central Council, the proclamation of the Ukrainian People's Republic. In the November 1917 elections to the Russian Constituent Assembly, the Bolsheviks secured just under 18 per cent of the vote in the Governorate, compared to 46 per cent for the Ukrainian Socialist Revolutionaries and their allies. On 22 November 1917 the Revolutionary Council and the city Duma pledged their allegiance to the Tsentralna Rada. The Bolsheviks then left these organisations. During December, the situation in the city worsened with both sides preparing for military action. On 26 December, the Bolsheviks defied an ultimatum from the Tsentralna Rada and after three days of fighting consolidated their control of the city. On 12 February they declared Yekaterinoslav part of a Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic, but the following month, under the terms of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, conceded the territory to the German and Austrian-allied UPR. On 5 April 1918 the Imperial German army entered the city. Five hundred remaining Bolshevik Red Guards were publicly executed. The formal tenure of the UPR was brief: on 29 April 1918 intervention by the Central Powers saw the UPR replaced by the more pliant Ukrainian State or Hetmanate. On 18 May 1918 the Hetman of the Ukrainian State, Pavlo Skoropadskyi, ordered the previously nationalized enterprises returned to their former owners, and with the assistance of Austro-Hungarian troops the new authorities suppressed labor protest. On 23 December 1918, following their defeat by the Western Allies and after four days of insurgency within the city, German and Austro-Hungarian occupation forces withdrew. Four days later, Yekaterinoslav was stormed by the anarchist Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine (the Makhnovshchina), putting to flight forces loyal to the UPR's new Directorate. Over the course of the following year, city was to change hands several more times, contested between the UPR, the Whites (Armed Forces of South Russia), Nykyfor Hryhoriv's peasant insurgents, Makhnovshchina (who returned twice), and the Bolsheviks, who reorganised as the Red Army, finally secured the city on 30 December 1919. The city had been extensively damaged and the population, which had stood at about 268,000 people in 1917, had dropped to under 190,000. Stalin-era industrialisation In late May 1920 the food supply to Yekaterinoslav deteriorated, resulting in a wave of strikes. In June 1920 Soviet authorities quelled one such protest by arresting 200 railway workers, of which 51 were sentenced to immediate execution. In 1922 the region was incorporated into the Ukrainian SSR, a constituent republic of the Soviet Union. In 1922 the Soviet government ordered that "all nationalized enterprises with names related to the Company or the Surname of the old owners must be renamed in memory of revolutionary events, in memory of the international, all-Russian or local leaders of the proletarian revolution." In 1922 and 1923 the factories were renamed, as well as dozens of streets, alleys, driveways, squares and parks. In 1923 the city council adopted a resolution to organize a competition to rename the city itself. In 1924 a Provincial Congress of Soviets adopted a resolution on renaming the city of Yekaterinoslav to the city of Krasnodniprovsk (and Yekaterinoslav Governorate to Krasnodniprovsk). Following this, many organizations and institutions began to name Yekaterinoslav Krasnodniprovsk in official documents, only to be reminded in the press that the renaming of settlements could only be decided by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. In 1926 a provisional District Congress of Workers', Peasants' and Soldiers' Deputies adopted a resolution on renaming Yekaterinoslav to the name Dnipropetrovsk in honour of the All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets's chairman of the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee, Grigory Petrovsky.The Kravchenko Case: One Man's War Against Stalin by Gary Kern, Enigma Books, 2007, , page 191 Petrovsky was present at this congress and he did "accept this honour with great gratitude." The resolution of the congress was approved by a resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet dated 20 July 1926. In the 1920s and 1930s dozens of streets, alleys, driveways, squares and parks continued to be renamed in the city, this continued in the 1940s and in subsequent years. By 1927 the industry of Dnipropetrovsk was completely rebuilt, and according to some indicators exceeded pre-war levels. Due to agrarian overpopulation, an influx of unemployed from other settlements, a higher birth rates among other reasons, both employment and unemployment in Dnipropetrovsk rose. In the late twenties, the authorities had to contend with growing labour unrest. "Do not strangle us, our children are dying of hunger, we have been placed in worse conditions than under the old regime" read one protest. The city figured prominently in Stalin's Five-Year Plans for industrialisation. In 1932, Dnipropetrovsk's regional metallurgical plants produced 20 per cent of the entire cast iron and 25 per cent of the steel manufactured in the Ukrainian SSR. By the end of the thirties the Dnipropetrovsk region became the most urbanised of Soviet Ukraine with more than 2,273,000 people living in the region and over half a million in the city proper. Dnipropetrovsk became an important cultural and educational centre with ten colleges and a State University. The surrounding countryside was devastated by the policy of forced collectivisation and grain seizures. Peasants had died en masse during the Holodomor of 1932–33. Dnipropetrovsk Oblast in the years 1932–33 lost 3.5 to 9.8 million people. Making it one of the most affected areas of the famine. Drawn by employment in the expanding heavy industry, the survivors changed the ethnic composition of the city. The percentage of residents recorded as Ukrainian rose from 36 per cent of the population in 1926 to 54.6 per cent in 1939. The Russian percentage fell from 31.6 to 23.4, and the Jewish share fell from 26.8 to 17.9. The city's population during the Interwar period grew rapidly. 368,000 people lived in Dnipropetrovsk in 1932. In the 1939 Soviet Census, this number had grown to more than half a million (500,662 people). Soviet Ukrainization and Korenizatsiya were implemented in Dnipropetrovsk. The Communist party of Ukraine organized special courses in Ukrainian studies. Soviet authorities greatly increased the number of schools, and by the mid-1930s had eradicate illiteracy in the city. New universities were opened. At the end of the 1930s Dnipropetrovsk had 10 higher and 19 special educational institutions. In the 1930s a significant number of new secondary schools and hospitals were built in the city, and city parks were improved. The Great Purge, following the Assassination of Sergei Kirov, also reached Dnipropetrovsk. In 1935 the Dnipropetrovsk NKVD arrested 182 "Trotskyists". In 1935, 235 alleged "internal enemies" were executed, including a few university rectors. In 1936, 526 people were executed. In 1937, the regional administration of the NKVD killed 16,421 people. Nazi occupation Dnipropetrovsk was under Nazi occupation from 26 August 1941 to 25 October 1943. The city was administered as part of the Reichskommissariat Ukraine. The Holocaust in Dnipropetrovsk reduced the city's remaining Jewish population, estimates for which range from 55,000 to 30,000, to just 702. In just two days, 13–14 October 1941, the Germans killed 15,000. In a series of camps in the city (Stammlager 348), the occupiers are estimated to have killed upwards of 30,000 Soviet POWs. In November 1941 Dnipropetrovsk's population was 233,000. In March 1942 this number had fallen to 178,000. On 25 October 1943 the population on the right-bank of the city numbered no more than 5,000. According to official statistics, in 1945 the population of Dnipropetrovsk had increased to 259,000 people. Post-war closed city As early as July 1944, the State Committee of Defence in Moscow decided to build a large military machine-building factory in Dnipropetrovsk on the location of the pre-war aircraft plant. In December 1945, thousands of German prisoners of war began construction and built the first sections and shops in the new factory. This was the foundation of the Dnipropetrovsk Automobile Factory. In 1954 the administration of this automobile factory opened a secret design office, designated OKB-586, to construct military missiles and rocket engines. The high-security project was joined by hundreds of physicists, engineers and machine designers from Moscow and other large Soviet cities. In 1965, the secret Plant No. 586 was transferred to the USSR Ministry of General Machine-Building which renamed it "the Southern Machine-building Factory" (Yuzhnyi mashino-stroitel'nyi zavod) or in abbreviated Russian, simply Yuzhmash. Yuzhmash became a significant factor in the arms race of the Cold War (Nikita Khrushchev boasted in 1960 that it was producing rockets "like sausages" ). In 1959, Dnipropetrovsk was officially closed to foreign visitors. No foreign citizen, even of a socialist state, was allowed to visit the city or district. Its citizens were held by Communist authorities to a higher standard of ideological purity than the rest of the population, and their freedom of movement was severely restricted. It was not until 1987, during perestroika, that Dnipropetrovsk was opened to international visitors and civil restrictions were lifted. The population of Dnipropetrovsk increased from 259,000 people in 1945 to 845,200 in 1965. Notwithstanding the high-security regime, in September and October 1972, workers downed tools in several factories in Dnipropetrovsk demanding higher wages, better food and living conditions, and the right to choose one's job. Labour militancy returned in the late 1980s, a period in which promises of Perestrioka and Glasnost raised popular expectations. In 1990 two thousand inmates rioted in the women's remand prison in a further of sign of growing unrest. Dissent and youth rebellion In 1959 17.4% of Dnipropetrovsk students were taught in Ukrainian language schools and 82.6% in Russian language schools. 58% of the city's inhabitants self-identified as Ukrainians. Compared with the other 3 biggest cities of Ukraine Dnipropetrovsk had a rather large share of education conducted in Ukrainian. In Kyiv 26.8% of pupils studied in Ukrainian and 73.1% in Russian while 66% of Kyiv residents considered themselves Ukrainian, in Kharkiv these numbers were 4.9%, 95.1% and 49%. In Odesa these numbers were 8.1%, 91.9% and 40%. As in the overall Ukrainian SSR, Dnipropetrovsk saw an influx of young immigrants from rural Ukraine. Dnipropetrovsk Oblast saw the highest inflow of rural youth of all Ukraine. According to KGB reports, in the 1960s "Samizdat" and Ukrainian diaspora publications began to circulate via Western Ukraine in Dnipropetrovsk. These fed into underground student circles where they promoted interest in the "Ukrainian Sixtiers", in Ukrainian history, especially of Ukrainian Cossacks, and in the revival of the Ukrainian language. Occasionally the blue and yellow flag of independent Ukraine was unfurled in protest. The authorities responded with repression: arresting and jailing members of underground discussion groups for "nationalistic propaganda". The growing evidence of dissent in the city coincided from the late 1960s with what the KGB referred to as "radio hooliganism". Thousands of high-school and college students had become ham radio enthusiasts, recording and rebroadcasting western popular music. Annual KGB reports regularly drew a connection between enthusiasm for western pop culture and anti-Soviet behaviour. In the 1980s, by which time the KGB had conceded that their raids against "hippies" had failed suppress the youth rebellion, such behaviour was reportedly found in an admixture of Anglo-American" heavy metal, punk rock and Banderism—the veneration of Stepan Bandera, and of other Ukrainian nationalists, who in the Soviet narrative were denounced and discredited as Nazi collaborators. In an attempt to provide Dnipropetrovsk youth with an ideologically safe alternative, beginning in 1976 the local Komsomol set up approved discotheques. Some of the activists involved in this "disco movement" went on in the 1980s to engage in their own illicit tourist and music enterprises, and several later became influential figures in Ukrainian national politics, among them Yulia Tymoshenko, Victor Pinchuk, Serhiy Tihipko, Ihor Kolomoyskyi and Oleksandr Turchynov. The "Dnipropetrovsk Mafia" Reflecting Dnipropetrovsk's special strategic importance for the entire Soviet Union, party cadres from the "rocket city" played an outsized role not only in republican leadership in Kyiv, but also in the Union leadership in Moscow. During Stalin's Great Purge, Leonid Brezhnev rose rapidly within the ranks of the local nomenklatura, from director of the Dnipropetrovsk Metallurgical Institute in 1936 to regional (Obkom) Party Secretary in charge of the city's defence industries in 1939. Here, he took the first steps toward building a network of supporters which came to be known as the "Dnipropetrovsk Mafia". They spearheaded the internal party coup that in 1964 saw Brezhnev replace Nikita Khrushchev as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and call a halt to further reform. Independent Ukraine In a national referendum on 1 December 1991, 90.36% of Dnipropetrovsk's voters approved the declaration of independence that had been made by the Ukrainian parliament on 24 August. Amidst the economic dislocation and soaring inflation that accompanied the collapse of the Soviet Union, output declined. Although its economic contraction was at a rate below the national average, the Dnipropetrovsk city and oblast witnessed one of the largest population declines of all the regions of Ukraine. By 2021, the city's population, which had stood at over 1.2 million in 1991, had been reduced to 981,000. Young people from Dnipropetrovsk were among the millions of Ukrainians who left the country to find work and opportunity abroad. The continuation into the new century of the chaotic fallout from the collapse of the Soviet Union was symbolized for many in Dnipropetrovsk by two violent episodes. In June and July 2007, Dnipropetrovsk experienced a wave of random video-recorded serial killings that were dubbed by the media as the work of the "Dnipropetrovsk maniacs". In February 2009, three youths were sentenced for their part in 21 murders, and numerous other attacks and robberies. On 27 April 2012, four bombs exploded near four tram stations in Dnipropetrovsk, injuring 27 people. No one was convicted. Opposition politicians claimed to see the hand of President Viktor Yanukovych intent on disrupting the October 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election and installing a presidential regime.Dnipropetrovsk bombers wanted to frustrate Euro 2012 in Ukraine, says SBU, Kyiv Post (20 October 2012) Euromaidan On 26 January 2014, 3,000 anti-Viktor Yanukovych (Ukrainian President) and pro-Euromaidan activists attempted but failed to capture the Regional State Administration building.Ukraine protests 'spread' into Russia-influenced east, BBC News (26 January 2014) There were street disturbances and Euromaidan protesters were reported to be beaten up by paid pro-Yanukovych supporters (the so-called Titushky). Dnipropetrovsk Governor Kolesnikov called them "extreme radical thugs from other regions". Two days later about 2,000 public sector employees called an indefinite rally in support of the Yanukovych government. Meanwhile, the government building was reinforced with barbed wire. On 19 February 2014 there was an anti-Yanukovych picket near the Regional State Administration. On 22 February 2014, after a further anti-Yanukovych demonstration, Dnipropetrovsk Mayor Ivan Kulichenko, for the sake of "peace in the city" left Yanukovych's Party of Regions. Simultaneously the Dnipropetrovsk City Council vowed to support "the preservation of Ukraine as a single and indivisible state", although some members had called for separatism and for federalization of Ukraine. On the same day, after street fighting in Kyiv, 22 February 2014, Yanukovych left Ukraine and went into Russian exile. 2014 to 2022 Dnipropetrovsk remained relatively quiet during the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine, with pro-Russian Federation protestors outnumbered by those opposing outside intervention. In March 2014 the city's Lenin Square was renamed "Heroes of Independence Square" in honor of the people killed during Euromaidan. The statue of Lenin on the square was removed. In June 2014 another Lenin monument was removed and replaced by a monument to the Ukrainian military fighting the Russo-Ukrainian War. To comply with the 2015 decommunization law the city was renamed Dnipro in May 2016, after the river that flows through the city. By summer 2016 not only was the city renamed, but so were more than 350 streets, alleys, driveways, squares and parks. For example, Karl Marx Avenue, the main street, was renamed Yavornytskyi Avenue in honour of the once neglected city and cossack historian. This was 12 per cent of all of the city's toponymies. Five of the eight urban districts of the city received new names. 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine In the wake of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, and with developing military fronts near Kyiv and to the north, east and south, Dnipro has become a logistical hub for humanitarian aid and a reception point for people fleeing the war. Roughly equidistant from the war's major theatres in the east and the south, the city's location is proving critical for supplying the Ukrainian defence effort. At the same time, its control of a Dnieper River crossing and the opportunity it would provide to cut off Ukrainian forces in the Donbas makes the city a high-value target for the Russians. Dnipro is reported as the only city in Ukraine where a volunteer formation has been created under direct City Council control. It is called the "Dnieper Guard" (Варти Дніпра, Varty Dnipra). The Mayor of Dnipro, Borys Filatov has dismissed suggestions that the group remained Ihor Kolomoyskyi's "private army". Kolomoyskyi has helped with some equipment purchases, but the force performs defence and law and order functions under the leadership of the national police. The Russians first hit Dnipro on 11 March. Three air strikes close to a kindergarten and an apartment building killed at least one person. On 15 March, Russian missiles hit Dnipro International Airport, destroying the runway and damaging the terminal. In the early hours of 6 April, an air strike destroyed an oil depot. On 10 April, a Ukrainian government spokesperson said that the airport in Dnipro had been "completely destroyed" as the result of a Russian attack. On 15 July, a Russian missile attack killed four people and injured sixteen others in Dnipro. As part of the derussification campaign that swept through Ukraine following the February 2022 invasion 110 toponyms in the city were "de-Russified" from February to September 2022. The renaming started on 21 April when 31 streets connected to Russia were renamed. In May another 20 streets were renamed, followed by 21 more streets and alleys in June 2022. According to Dnipro's Mayor Borys Filatov (speaking on 21 September 2022) "this is not the end." Among other renamings, the Schmidt Street (the street was originally the Gymnasium Street but it was renamed to Otto Schmidt Street by Soviet authorities in 1934) in the center of Dnipro was renamed to Stepan Bandera Street. In May 2022 (also) several outdoor objects related to the USSR were dismantled in Dnipro. In December 2022 Dnipro removed from the city all monuments to figures of Russian culture and history. On 22 February 2023 26 more streets were renamed. Dnipro was hit during the autumn 2022 Russian missile strikes on critical infrastructure. On 10 October three civilians were killed. On 18 October 2022 Russian missile strikes targeted the energy infrastructure of Dnipro. On 17 November 2022 23 people were injured. The attacks continued in 2023. The most deadly of these attacks being the 14 January 2023 missile strike on an apartment building that killed 40 people, injured 75 and with 46 people reported missing. Government and politics Government The City of Dnipro is governed by the Dnipro City Council. It is a city municipality that is designated as a separate district within its oblast. Administratively, the city is divided into "districts in city" ("raiony v misti"). Presently, there are 8 of them. Aviatorske, an urban-type settlement located near the Dnipro International Airport, is also a part of Dnipro Municipality. The City Council Assembly makes up the administration's legislative branch, thus effectively making it a city 'parliament' or rada. The municipal council is made up of 12 elected members, who are each elected to represent a certain district of the city for a four-year term. The council has 29 standing commissions which play an important role in the oversight of the city and its merchants. Until 18 July 2020, Dnipro was incorporated as a city of oblast significance, the centre of Dnipro Municipality and extraterritorial administrative centre of Dnipro Raion. The municipality was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to seven. The area of Dnipro Municipality was merged into Dnipro Raion. Dnipro is also the seat of the oblast's local administration controlled by the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast Rada. The Governor of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast is appointed by the President of Ukraine. Subdivisions Five of the eight city districts were renamed late November 2015 to comply with decommunization laws. Politics In the first decades of Ukrainian independence the city's voters generally favoured the proponents of continued close ties to Russia: in the 1990s the Communist Party of Ukraine, and in the new century, the Party of Regions.Ukraine's political parties at the start of the election campaign, Centre for Eastern Studies (17 September 2014) After the 2014 events of Euromaidan, which included demonstrations and clashes in the central city, the Party of Regions ceded influence to those parties and independents calling for closer ties to the European Union. As in Soviet Ukraine, Dnipropetrovsk was disproportionately represented among political leaders in Kyiv. The principal representatives of the so-called "Dnipropetrovsk Faction" in the capital were Ukraine's second president Leonid Kuchma and Ukraine's 10th and 13th prime minister Yulia Tymoshenko. Kuchma was a former senior manager of Yuzhmash while Tymoshenko was president of United Energy Systems of Ukraine, a Dnipropetrovsk-based private company that from 1995 to 1997 was the main importer of Russian natural gas to Ukraine. Kuchma's 1994 presidential campaign had been financed by Dnipropetrovsk businessmen Ihor Kolomoyskyi and Gennadiy Bogolyubov. Kolomoyskyi and Bogolyubov were partners in Privat Group, a scandal-ridden financial-industrial conglomerate. As prime Minister, Kuchma had granted their PrivatBank the unique privilege of opening overseas branches. These were later implicated in the wholesale defrauding of Ukrainian depositors, leading to the bank's nationalization in 2016. Kuchma was also closely tied to another budding Dnipropetrovsk billionaire, his son-in-law Viktor Pinchuk whose assets included several giant steel and pipe plants in the region and the bank Kredit-Dnepr. With Viktor Yushchenko, Tymoshenko co-led the Orange Revolution which annulled the declared victory of Viktor Yanukovych in the 2004 presidential election, and under President Yuschenko served as prime minister from 24 January to 8 September 2005, and again from 18 December 2007 to 4 March 2010. Yanukovych narrowly defeated Tymoshenko in the 2010 presidential election, taking 41.7 per cent of the vote in the Dnipropetrovsk region. The candidates accused one another of vote rigging.Tymoshenko says she will prevent Yanukovych from rigging presidential election, Kyiv Post (17 December 2009) In the October 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election Yanukovych's Party of Regions, which promoted itself as the champion of the language rights and industrial interests of largely Russian-speaking eastern Ukraine, won 35.8 per cent of the vote in the Dnipropetrovsk region, compared to 18.4 per cent for Tymoshenko's Fatherland Party and 19.4 per cent for the Communists. Tymoshenko mounted a hunger strike to once again protest election irregularities. On 2 March 2014, following the removal of Yanukovich as President, acting President Oleksandr Turchynov appointed Ihor Kolomoyskyi Governor of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. Kolomoyskyi initially dismissed suggestions of Russian-backed separatism in Dnipropetrovsk, but then took vigorous measures. He posted bounties for the capture of Russian-backed militants and the surrender of weapons; drafted thousands of Privat Group employees as auxiliary police officers; and is said to have provided substantial funds to create the Dnipro Battalion,Ukraine's Secret Weapon: Feisty Oligarch Ihor Kolomoisky, The Wall Street Journal (27 June 2014) and to support the Aidar, Azov, and Donbas volunteer battalions. In the Dnipropetrovsk region, Petro Poroshenko won the May 2014 presidential election with 45 per cent, but in the 2014 parliamentary election in October his political party Petro Poroshenko Bloc secured 19.4 per cent of the vote, 5 points behind the Opposition Bloc, the successor to the disbanded Party of Regions.Two Russia-friendly parties join forces for presidential election, Kyiv Post (9 November 2018) On 25 March 2015, following a struggle with Kolomoyskyi for control the state-owned oil pipeline operator, President Poroshenko replaced Kolomoyskyi as governor with Valentyn Reznichenko. In the 2015 Ukrainian local elections Borys Filatov of the patriotic UKROP was elected Mayor of Dnipro. In the March–April 2019 Ukrainian presidential election Dnipro voted overwhelmingly voted for the successful candidate, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, who advocated membership of European Union. In the parliamentary election in October, his Servant of the People party swept the board, winning each of Dnipro's five single-mandate parliamentary constituencies.CEC (Proportional votes, Single-member constituencies) Ukrainian Pravda (Seats and regions), OSCE By the time of the October 2020 Ukrainian local elections, support for Zelenskyy's party had collapsed: it won just 8.7 per cent of the vote for the city council. The Euromaidan trajectory was represented instead by Filatov's Proposition (the "Party of Mayors"), with 60 per cent of the popular vote against 30 per cent for the pro-Russian the Opposition Platform – For Life. Geography The city is built mainly upon both banks of the Dnieper, at its confluence with the Samara River. In the loop of a major meander, the Dnieper changes its course from the north west to continue southerly and later south-westerly through Ukraine, ultimately passing Kherson, where it finally flows into the Black Sea. Nowadays both the north and south banks play home to a range of industrial enterprises and manufacturing plants. The airport is located about south-east of the city. The centre of the city is constructed on the right bank which is part of the Dnieper Upland, while the left bank is part of the Dnieper Lowland. The old town is situated atop a hill that is formed as a result of the river's change of course to the south. The change of river's direction is caused by its proximity to the Azov Upland located southeast of the city. One of the city's streets, Akademik Yavornitskyi Prospekt, links the two major architectural ensembles of the city and constitutes an important thoroughfare through the centre, which along with various suburban radial road systems, provides some of the area's most vital transport links for both suburban and inter-urban travel. Climate Under the Köppen–Geiger climate classification system, Dnipro has a humid continental climate (Dfa/Dfb). Snowfall is more common in the hills than at the city's lower elevations. The city has four distinct seasons: a cold, snowy winter; a hot summer; and two relatively wet transition periods. However, according to other schemes (such as the Salvador Rivas-Martínez bioclimatic one), Dnipro has a Supratemperate bioclimate, and belongs to the Temperate xeric steppic thermoclimatic belt, due to high evapotranspiration. During the summer, Dnipro is very warm (average day temperature in July is , even hot sometimes ). Temperatures as high as have been recorded in May. Winter is not so cold (average day temperature in January is , but when there is no snow and the wind blows hard, it feels extremely cold. A mix of snow and rain happens usually in December. The best time for visiting the city is in late spring (late April and May), and early in autumn: September, October, when the city's trees turn yellow. Other times are mainly dry with a few showers. "However, the city is characterized with significant pollution of air with industrial emissions." The "severely polluted air and water" and allegedly "vast areas of decimated landscape" of Dnipro and Donetsk are considered by some to be an environmental crisis. Though exactly where in Dnipropetrovsk these areas might be found is not stated. Cityscape Dnipro is a primarily industrial city of around one million people. It has developed into a large urban centre over the past few centuries to become, today, Ukraine's fourth-largest city after Kyiv, Kharkiv and Odesa. Stalinist architecture (monumental soviet classicism) dominates in the city centre. Immediately after its foundation Yekaterinoslav, began to develop exclusively on the right bank of the Dnieper River. At first the city developed radially from the central point provided by the Transfiguration Cathedral, completed in 1835. Neoclassical structures of brick and stone construction were preferred and the city began to take on the appearance of a typical European city of the era. Many of these buildings have been retained in the city's older Sobornyi District. Amongst the most important buildings of this era are the Transfiguration Cathedral, and a number of buildings in the area surrounding Akademik Yavornitskyi Prospekt, including the Khrennikov House. Over the next few decades, until the final end of the Russian Empire with the October Revolution in 1917, the city did not change much in appearance. The predominant architectural style remained neo-classicism. Notable buildings built in the era before 1917 include the main building of the Dnipro Polytechnic, which was built in 1899–1901, the art-nouveau inspired building of the city's former Duma (parliament), the Dnipropetrovsk National Historical Museum, and the Mechnikov Regional Hospital. Other buildings of the era that did not fit the typical architectural style of the time in Dnipropetrovsk include, the Ukrainian-influenced Grand Hotel Ukraine, the Russian revivalist style railway station (since reconstructed), and the art-nouveau Astoriya building on Akademik Yavornitskyi Prospekt. Once Yekaterinoslav became part of the Soviet Union (officially in 1922), and became Dnipropetrovsk in 1926, the city was gradually purged of tsarist-era monuments. Monumental architecture was stripped of Imperial coats of arms and other non-socialist symbolism. Following the 1917 October Revolution, a monument to Catherine the Great that stood in front of the Mining Institute was replaced with one of Russian academic Mikhail Lomonosov. Later, due to damage from World War II, badly damaged buildings were, more often than not, demolished completely and replaced with new structures. This is one of the main reasons why much of Dnipro's central avenue, Akademik Yavornitskyi Prospekt (formerly Karl Marx Prospect), is designed in the style of Stalinist Social Realism. A number of large buildings were reconstructed. The main railway station, for example, was stripped of its Russian-revival ornamentation and redesigned in the style of Stalinist social-realism. The Grand Hotel Ukraine survived the war but was later simplified much in design, with its roof being reconstructed in a typical French mansard style as opposed to the ornamental Ukrainian baroque of the pre-war era. Many pre-revolution buildings were reconstructed to suit new purposes. For example, the Emperor Nicholas II Commercial Institute in the city was reconstructed to serve as the administrative centre for the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, a function it fulfils to this day. Other buildings, such as the Potemkin Palace were given over to "the proletariat" (the working man), in this case as the students' union of the Oles Honchar Dnipro National University. After the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953 and the appointment of Nikita Khrushchev as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the industrialisation of Dnipropetrovsk became even more profound, with the Southern (Yuzhne) Missile and Rocket factory being set up in the city. However, this was not the only development and many other factories, especially metallurgical and heavy-manufacturing plants, were set up in the city. As a result of all this industrialisation the city's inner suburbs became increasingly polluted and were gradually given over to large, industrial enterprises. At the same time the extensive development of the city's left bank and western suburbs as new residential areas began. The low-rise tenant houses of the Khrushchev era (Khrushchyovkas) gave way to the construction of high-rise prefabricated apartment blocks (similar to German Plattenbaus). In 1976, in line with the city's 1926 renaming, a large monumental statue of Grigoriy Petrovsky was placed on the square in front of the city's station. This statue was destroyed by an angry mob in early 2016. Since the independence of Ukraine in 1991 and the economic development that followed, a number of large commercial and business centres have been built in the city's outskirts. To this day the city is characterised by its mix of architectural styles, with much of the city's centre consisting of pre-revolutionary buildings in a variety of styles, stalinist buildings and constructivist architecture, whilst residential districts are, more often than not, made up of aesthetically simple, technically outdated mid-rise and high-rise housing stock from the Soviet era. Despite this, the city has a large number of 'private sectors' where the tradition of building and maintaining individual detached housing has continued to this day. In late November 2015 about 300 streets, 5 of the 8 city districts and one metro station were renamed to comply with decommunization laws. As part of the derussification campaign that swept through Ukraine following the February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, 110 toponyms in the city were renamed from February to September 2022. On 3 May 2022 alone more than a dozen memorials erected during Soviet times were dismantled. In December 2022 the Dnipro communal services (in accordance a decision of the City Council) removed from the city all monuments to figures of Russian culture and history. This this meant that monuments to Alexander Pushkin, Alexander Matrosov, Volodia Dubinin, Maxim Gorky, Valery Chkalov, Yefim Pushkin and Mikhail Lomonosov were removed from the public space of the city. On 16 November 2022 Pushkin Avenue in Dnipro had been renamed Lesya Ukrainka Avenue. In January 2023 a T-34 tank on Akademik Yavornitskyi Prospekt that served as a monument to Hero of the Soviet Union was removed after the Dnipro City Council had decided the monument "has no historical or artistic value." 26 more streets were renamed in Dnipro on 22 February 2023. Demographics The population of the city is about 1 million people. In 2011, the average age of the city's resident population was 40 years. The number of males declined slightly more than the number of females. The natural population growth in Dnipro is slightly higher than growth in Ukraine in general. Between 1923 and 1933 the Ukrainian proportion of the population of the city increased from 16% to 48%. This was part of a national trend. In a survey in June–July 2017, 9% of residents said that they spoke Ukrainian at home, 63% spoke Russian, and 25% spoke Ukrainian and Russian equally. The same survey reported the following results for the religion of adult residents. 49% Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyivan Patriarchate 6% Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate 7% atheist 1% belong to other religions 28% believe in God, but do not belong to any religion 5% found it difficult to answer According to a survey conducted by the International Republican Institute in April-May 2023, 27 % of the city's population spoke Ukrainian at home, and 66 % spoke Russian. Economy Dnipro is a major industrial centre of Ukraine. It has several facilities devoted to heavy industry that produce a wide range of products, including cast-iron, launch vehicles, rolled metal, pipes, machinery, different mining combines, agricultural equipment, tractors, trolleybuses, refrigerators, different chemicals and many others. The most famous and the oldest (founded in the 19th century) is the Dniprovsky Metallurgical Plant (from 1922 until the time of decommunization in Ukraine, the plant was named after the Soviet Union statesman Grigory Petrovsky). Other notable industrial company of Dnipro is PA Pivdenmash, a heavy machinery and rocket manufacturer. Metals and metallurgy is the city's core industry in terms of output. Employment in the city is concentrated in large-sized enterprises. Metallurgical enterprises are based in the city and account for over 47% of its industrial output. These enterprises are important contributors to the city's budget and, with 80% of their output being exported, to Ukraine's foreign exchange reserve. Dnipro serves as the main import hub for foreign goods coming into the oblast and, on average, accounted for 58% of the oblast's imports between 2005 and 2011. With economic conditions improving even further in 2010 and 2011, registered unemployment fell to about 4,100 by the end of 2011. The city of Dnipro's economy is dominated by the wholesale and retail trade sector, which accounted for 53% of the output of non-financial enterprises in 2010. Entrepreneur Ihor Kolomoyskyi's Privat Group, a global business group, is based in the city and grouped around the Privatbank. Privat Group controls thousands of companies of virtually every industry in Ukraine, European Union, Georgia, Ghana, Russia, Romania, United States and other countries. Steel, oil & gas, chemical and energy are sectors of the group's prime influence and expertise. Privat Group is in business conflict with the Interpipe, also based in Dnipro area. The influential metallurgical mill company founded and mostly owned by the local business oligarch Viktor Pinchuk. Another company headquartered in Dnipro is ATB-Market. This company owns the largest national network of retail shops. None of the group's capital is publicly traded on the stock exchange. Group's founding owners are natives of Dnipro and made their entire career here. Privatbank, the core of the group, is the largest commercial bank in Ukraine. In March 2014 was named by the American review magazine Global Finance as "the Best Bank in Ukraine for 2014" while British magazine The Banker in November 2013 named again the same bank as "the Bank of the year 2013 in Ukraine". In 2018 a private Texas-based aerospace firm Firefly Aerospace opened a Research and Development (R&D) centre in Dnipro to develop small and medium-sized launch vehicles for commercial launches to orbit. Transport Local transportation The main forms of public transport used in Dnipro are trams, buses and electric trolley buses. In addition to this there are a large number of taxi firms operating in the city, and many residents have private cars. The city's municipal roads also suffer from the same funding problems as the trams, with many of them in a very poor technical state. It is not uncommon to find very large potholes and crumbling surfaces on many of Dnipro's smaller roads. Major roads and highways are of better quality. In the early 2010s the situation was improving, with a number of new used trams bought from the German cities of Dresden and Magdeburg, and a number of roads, including Schmidt Street (now Stepan Bandera Street) and Moskovsky Street (now Volodymyr Monomakh Street) were being reconstructed with modern road-building techniques. Dnipro also has a metro system, opened in 1995, which consists of one line and 6 stations. The 1980 official plans for four different lines were never made reality. In 2011 the metro was transferred to municipal ownership in the hope that this will help it secure a loan from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. In 2011, plans envisioned an expansion of three station, , and , to be completed by 2015. The opening of these three stations have been repeatedly delayed and they will not open until 2024 at the earliest. The extension will increase the number of stations to nine, which would extend the line 4 km to a total of 11.8 km (7.3-mile). Suburban transportation Dnipro has some highways crossing through the city. The most popular routes are from Kyiv, Donetsk, Kharkiv and Zaporizhzhia. Transit through the city is also available. the city is also seeing construction of a southern urban bypass, which will allow automobile traffic to proceed around the city centre. This is expected to both improve air quality and reduce transport issues from heavy freight lorries that pass through the city centre. The largest bus station in eastern Ukraine is located in Dnipro, from where bus routes are available to all over the country, including some international routes to Poland, Germany, Moldova and Turkey. It is located near the city's central railway station. Since the start of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine Ukraine’s border crossings with Russia and Belarus are closed to regular traffic. In the summertime, there are some routes available by hydrofoils on the Dnieper River, whilst various tourist ships on their way down the river, (Kyiv–Kherson–Odesa) tend to make a stop in the city. Dnipro's river port is located close to the area surrounding the central railway station, on the banks of the river. Rail The city is a large railway junction, with many daily trains running to and from Eastern Europe and on domestic routes within Ukraine. There are two railway terminals, Dnipro Holovnyi (main station) and Dnipro Lotsmanska (south station). Two express passenger services run each day between Kyiv and Dnipro under the name 'Capital Express'. Other daytime services include suburban trains to towns and villages in the surrounding Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. Most long-distance trains tend to run at night to reduce the amount of daytime hours spent travelling by each passenger. Domestic connections exist between Dnipro and Kyiv, Lviv, Odesa, Ivano-Frankivsk, Truskavets, Kharkiv and many other smaller Ukrainian cities, whilst international destinations include, amongst others the Bulgarian seaside resort of Varna. Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine all railway connection between Ukraine and Belarus were axed. Meaning that the pre-war international destinations to Minsk in Belarus, Moscow's Kursky Station and Saint Petersburg's Vitebsky Station in Russia and Baku—the capital of Azerbaijan—are no longer in service. Aviation The city is served by Dnipro International Airport and is connected to European and Middle Eastern cities with daily flights. It is located southeast from the city centre. A Russian attack on 10 April 2022 completely destroyed the airport and the infrastructure nearby. Water transportation The city has a river port located on the left bank of the Dnieper. There is also a railway freight station. Education There are 163 educational institutions among them schools, gymnasiums and boarding schools. For children of pre-school age there are 174 institutions, also a lot of out-of -school institutions such as centre of out-of-school work. Eighty-seven institutions that are recognized on all Ukrainian and regional levels. In a survey in June–July 2017, adult respondents reported the following educational levels: 1% primary or incomplete secondary education 13% general secondary education 46% vocational secondary education 39% university education (including incomplete university education) In 2006 Dnipropetrovsk hosted the All-Ukrainian Olympiad in Information Technology; in 2008, that for Mathematics, and in 2009 the semi-final of the All-Ukrainian Olympiad in Programming for the Eastern Region. In the same year as the latter took place, the youth group 'Eksperiment', an organisation promoting increased cultural awareness amongst Ukrainians, was founded in the city. Higher education Dnipro is a major educational centre in Ukraine and is home to two of Ukraine's top-ten universities; the Oles Honchar Dnipro National University and Dnipro Polytechnic National Technical University. The system of high education institutions connects 38 institutions in Dnipro, among them 14 of IV and ІІІ levels of accreditation, and 22 of І and ІІ levels of accreditation. In year 2012 National Mining Institute was on the 7th and National University named after O. Honchar was on the 9th place among the best high education institutions in "TOP-200 Ukraine" list. The list below is a list of all current state-organised higher educational institutions (not included are non-independent subdivisions of other universities not based in Dnipro). In the 21st century annually around 55,000 students studied in Dnipro, a significant number of whom students from abroad. Culture Attractions Dnipro has a variety of theatres (plus an Opera) and museums, including the Dmytro Yavornytsky National Historical Museum. There are also several parks, restaurants and beaches. The major streets of the city were renamed in honour of Marxist heroes during the Soviet era. Following the 2015 law on decommunization these have been renamed. The central thoroughfare is known as Akademik Yavornytskyi Prospekt, a wide and long boulevard that stretches east to west through the centre of the city. It was founded in the 18th century and parts of its buildings are the actual decoration of the city. In the heart of the city is Soborna Square, which includes the Transfiguration Cathedral founded by order of Catherine the Great in 1787. On the square, there are some remarkable buildings: the Museum of History, Diorama "Battle of the Dnieper (World War II)." Further from the city centre and next to the Dnieper River (spelled "Dnipro" in Ukrainian) is the large Taras Shevchenko Park (which is on the right bank of the river) and Monastyrskyi Island. In the 9th century, Byzantine monks based a monastery here. A few areas retain their historical character: all of Central Avenue, some street-blocks on the main hill (the Nagorna part) between Pushkin Prospekt and Embankment, and sections near Globa (formerly known as Chkalov park until it was renamed) and Shevchenko parks have been untouched for 150 years. The river keeps the climate mild. It is visible from many points in Dnipro. From any of the three hills in the city, one can see a view of the river, islands, parks, outskirts, river banks and other hills. There was no need to build skyscrapers in the city in Soviet times. The major industries preferred to locate their offices close to their factories and away from the centre of town. Most new office buildings are built in the same architectural style as the old buildings. A number, however, display more modern aesthetics, and some blend the two styles. Sports FC Dnipro is the most successful football club of the city. It is a former second runner-up in the Ukrainian Premier League and in the UEFA Cup it reached and lost the 2015 UEFA Europa League Final. It also was the only Soviet team to win the USSR Federation Cup twice. The club was owned by the Privat Group. The club has been inactive since 2019. Note: A bandy team, a basketball team and others use the same name. Other local football clubs include: FC Lokomotyv Dnipropetrovsk and FC Spartak Dnipropetrovsk, both of which have large fan bases. SC Dnipro-1 is another team emerged in 2017. SC Dnipro-1 established itself as the most successful club in town; playing in the Ukrainian Premier League, the UEFA Europa League and the UEFA Europa Conference League. In 2008 the city built a new soccer stadium; the Dnipro-Arena has a capacity of 31,003 people and was built as a replacement for Dnipro's old stadium, Stadium Meteor. The Dnipro-Arena hosted the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification game between Ukraine and England on 10 October 2009. The Dnipro Arena was initially chosen as one of the Ukrainian venues for their joint Euro 2012 bid with Poland. However, it was dropped from the list in May 2009 as the capacity fell short of the minimum 33,000 seats required by UEFA. The city is home to BC Dnipro, champion of the 2019–20 Ukrainian Basketball SuperLeague. The team plays its home games at the Palace of Sports Shynnik. The city is the centre of Ukrainian bandy. The Ukrainian Federation of Bandy and Rink-Bandy has its office in the city. The foremost local bandy club is Dnipro, which won the Ukrainian championship in 2014. Notable people Peter Arshinov (1886–1937) – Ukrainian anarchist revolutionary and intellectual, chronicled the history of the Makhnovshchina, a stateless anarchist society in Ukraine Helena Blavatsky (1831–1891) – founder of Theosophical Society. Marina Maximilian (born 1987) – Israeli singer-songwriter and actress. Gennadiy Bogolyubov (born 1961/1962) – Ukrainian-Cypriot-Israeli billionaire businessman, Privat Group Viktor Chebrikov (1923–1999) – head of the KGB 1982–1988. Katherine Esau (1898–1997) German-American botanist Vsevolod Garshin (1855—1888) – Russian author of short stories. Helen Gerardia (1903–1988) – American painter Linor Goralik (born 1975) flash fiction author, poet and essayist. Ilya Kabakov (born 1933) – Russian–American conceptual artist Pavlo Khazan (born 1974) – Ukrainian ecologist and politician Ihor Kolomoyskyi (born 1963 – U.S.-indicted Ukrainian-Cypriot-Israeli billionaire businessman, Privat Group Leonid Kogan (1924–1982) – violinist Yuri Krasny (born 1946) — educational theorist Victor Kravchenko (1905–1966) Soviet defector Valerii Kryshen (born 1955) – scientist, doctor of medicine and professor Leonid Kuchma (born 1938) – President of Ukraine in 1994–2005 Leonid Levin (born 1948) Soviet-American mathematician and computer scientist. Lera Loeb (born c. 1979 –1980) – fashion blogger and publicist Konstantin Lopushansky (born 1947) – film director, film theorist and author Yuriy Meshkov (1945–2019) – President of Crimea, 1994–1995 Igor Morozov (born 1948) – baritone opera singer David Nachmansohn (1899–1983) – a German-Jewish biochemist Viktor Petrov (1894–1969) – Ukrainian existentialist writer, pen names V. Domontovych and Viktor Ber Gregor Piatigorsky (1903–1976) American classical cellist. Viktor Pinchuk (born 1960) – business oligarch Sergei Prokofiev (1891–1953) – composer, pianist and conductor Boris Sagal (1923–1981) – American television and film director. Daniel Sakhnenko (1875–1930) — Ukrainian filmmaker and director. Menachem Mendel Schneerson (1902–1994) – the "Lubavitcher Rebbe",'' headed the Chabad Movement Moses Schönfinkel (1888–1942) – a Russian logician and mathematician Oleg Tsaryov (born 1970) – politician and separatist leader of Novorossiya in 2014 Yulia Tymoshenko (born 1960) – Prime Minister of Ukraine in 2005 and 2007–10, and candidate in the 2010 Ukrainian presidential election Olena Vaneeva (born 1982) – mathematician and vice head of the NASU Institute of Mathematics Alexander Pavlovich Vasiliev – (1894–ca.1944), an Orthodox, later Greek-Catholic, priest Pavlo Matviienko (born 1973) – politician and entrepreneur Sport Oksana Baiul (born 1977) – 1994 Winter Olympics figure skating gold medalist Anatoliy Demyanenko (born 1959) – Ukrainian football coach and former football defender. Artem Dolgopyat (born 1997) – Israeli artistic gymnast (Olympic medalist, second in world championships) Marharyta Dorozhon (born 1987) – Ukrainian/Israeli Olympic javelin thrower Kyrylo Fesenko (born 1986) – NBA basketball player Inessa Kravets (born 1966) – long jumper and triple jumper Yaroslava Mahuchikh (born 2001) – high jumper Igor Olshansky (born 1982) – NFL defensive tackle Olesya Povh (born 1987) – Olympic bronze medalist runner Oleh Protasov (born 1964) – former Ukrainian footballer Inna Ryzhykh (born 1985) – professional triathlete Adel Tankova (born 2000) – Ukrainian-born Israeli Olympic figure skater Oleg Tverdokhleb (1969–1995) – athlete, 400-metre hurdles Tatiana Volosozhar (born 1986) – figure skating Olympic gold medalist, 2014 Twin towns – sister cities Dnipro is twinned with: Dalian, China Durham, Canada Gomel, Belarus (2018) Herzliya, Israel (1992) Kutaisi, Georgia Szczecin, Poland (2010) Tashkent, Uzbekistan (1998) Vilnius, Lithuania (1988) Xi'an, China (1998) Žilina, Slovakia (1993) Friendship cooperation cities Dnipro also cooperates with: Cologne, Germany (2022) Osaka, Japan (2022) Grand Rapids, USA (2023) See also Dnepropetrovsk maniacs Golden Rose Synagogue, Dnipro Notes References Sources Михаил Александрович Шатров (Штейн). Город на трёх холмах. – Днепропетровск: Промiнь, 1969. (in Russian) Алексей Николаевич Толстой. Хождение по мукам. – М.: Художественная литература, 1976. (in Russian) Дмитрий Яворницкий. История города Екатеринослава. – Днепропетровск: Сiч, 1996. (in Russian) Справочник "Освобождение городов: Справочник по освобождению городов в период Великой Отечественной войны 1941—1945" / М. Л. Дударенко, Ю. Г. Перечнев, В. Т. Елисеев и др. М.: Воениздат, 1985. 598 с. (in Russian) Описание населенных мест Екатеринославской губернии на 1-е января 1925 г. – Екатеринослав: Типо-Литография Екатерининской ж.д., 1925. – 635 с. (in Russian) External links Cities in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast Yekaterinoslavsky Uyezd Former closed cities Populated places established in 1776 Cities of regional significance in Ukraine 1776 establishments in the Russian Empire Populated places established in the Russian Empire Populated places on the Dnieper in Ukraine Oblast centers in Ukraine
Hynda K. Kleinman is an American cell biologist who was the chief of the cell biology section at the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research from 1985 to 2006. She co-invented Matrigel. Life Kleinman received a B.S. in chemistry from Simmons College in 1969 and a M.S. and Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1973. She did postdoctoral training at Tufts University. Kleinman worked at National Institutes of Health (NIH) from 1975 to 2006 in the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) and served as Chief of the Cell Biology Section in NIDCR's Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology (1985–2006). Her laboratory was the first to report the wound-healing effects of thymosin beta 4 (TB4), a synthetic version of a naturally occurring molecule. Her research accomplishments also include defining various angiogenic and antiangiogenic molecules and identifying sites on laminin for adhesion, migration, neurite outgrowth, angiogenesis, metastases and inhibition of metastases, and the respective receptors. Kleinman is a co-inventor of Matrigel. In 1992, during his first week as deputy director for intramural research, Lance Liotta appointed Kleinman to chair the new intramural women scientists' task force to investigate impediments to the advancement of women at NIH. She has received numerous awards for her research and for her efforts on behalf of women scientists. She has obtained multiple patents, many of which have been commercialized and one of which is in pivotal clinical trials. In 2006, she left the NIH to join the George Washington University as an adjunct professor in the department of biochemistry and molecular biology. She has subsequently consulted for various pharmaceutical companies Kleinman is Jewish. She was married to health statistician Joel C. Kleinman in 1968-1991 when he died. They had two daughters. She is married to computer engineer Nolan K. Danchik 1995-present. References Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Place of birth missing (living people) Simmons University alumni Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni National Institutes of Health people 20th-century American biologists 21st-century American biologists 20th-century American women scientists 21st-century American women scientists Cell biologists American women biologists 20th-century American inventors 21st-century American inventors Women inventors Jewish women scientists Jewish biologists Jewish American scientists 20th-century American Jews 21st-century American Jews George Washington University faculty
HMS Redbreast was a passenger/cargo ship requisitioned by the British Government during World War I, and used as a messenger ship and anti-submarine Q-ship. She was torpedoed and sunk by the Imperial German Navy submarine in the Aegean Sea on 15 July 1917 while on passage from Skyros to the Doro Channel. Forty-two of her crew were killed. References Ships built on the River Clyde 1908 ships Q-ships of the Royal Navy Maritime incidents in 1917 Ships sunk by German submarines in World War I World War I shipwrecks in the Aegean Sea
Edward Hawkins Cheney CB (1778–1848) was a 19th-century British soldier and hero of the Battle of Waterloo. His unique claim to fame was that he had five separate horses killed or wounded under him during the battle. His grave is said to be the only equestrian statue within a British church and is probably the only statue showing a dying horse in Britain. Although sometimes referred to as "Colonel" Cheney, his position at Waterloo was raised to Brevet (i.e. temporary) Colonel, and he reverted to Captain afterwards. Life He was born in Derbyshire on 4 November 1778 the second son of Robert Cheney of Meynell Langley. He joined the 2nd Dragoons at the rank of cornet in 1794, serving in Holland under the Duke of York and was severely wounded during the Flanders Campaign. He was promoted to captain in 1803 and Brevet Major in 1812. His regiment, known as the Royal North British Dragoons, was more commonly known as the Royal Scots Greys due to their choice of pale horses. At Waterloo they stood alongside the 1st Dragoons (Royals) and 6th Dragoons (Inniskillings) all under General Sir William Ponsonby. They only united on 27 May 1815 and were jointly called the Union Brigade totalling around 1000 men. At the Battle of Waterloo on 18 June 1815, the Scots Greys formed part of an echelon and were placed to primarily oppose Marcognet's 3rd Division troops. The net impact was 5000 French casualties and 2000 prisoners, a pivotal impact on the battle overall. The capture of two French eagles, including one by Ensign Ewart, formed part of the action overall. In the heat of the moment Lt Col Hamilton (at that point in command of the Scots Greys) led a suicidal charge on the French artillery accompanied by only around 50 men of the Scots Greys. He, and most of the group, was killed. Sir William Ponsonby the brigade commander was killed soon after. Cheney found himself promoted in the field to be commander of the regiment and brigade, due to the deaths of the commanding officer and Lt Col Hamilton. At this stage Cheney had been in at least two charges and each time had lost his horse from under him. Now in command he led at least three further charges and had two further horses killed under him and the fifth horse being badly wounded. This unique experience showed an abnormal tenacity and extraordinary bravery. He was in executive charge of the brigade for three hours during the heat of the battle, and led them from the front, but lost command in the administrative reshuffles required after the battle. Although still technically only a captain, he was given the in field rank of Brevet Lt Colonel. The charge and its success, though costly in terms of lives, is seen as one of the critical turning points within the battle, and Cheney is at least partly accountable for this success, and co-ordinated the joint attack of the Scots Greys in support of the Gordon Highlanders, a predominantly Scottish attack. He retired on half pay in 1818 following the death of his wife (which broke his spirit). He inherited Gaddesby Hall near Melton Mowbray on the death of his father-in-law John Ayre. He died at Gaddesby Hall on 3 March 1848. He is buried in Gaddesby Parish Church (St Luke's) with his wife. A magnificent tomb depicts his moment of glory where the fifth horse falls below him, shot through the neck. Low relief panels on the sarcophagus base show Ensign Ewart capturing the French regimental standard, the other significant event in the same action. The tomb was sculpted by Joseph Gott. The monument, in pale grey marble, is well suited to portray the horse. It is listed at Grade 1 as part of the church. The monument was originally not at the grave, but was moved to the church from the conservatory of Gaddesby Hall in 1917. Nicholas Pevsner described the monument as "more suited to St Paul's Cathedral than to a small village church". The teeth of the horse have been stained brown through a long-running habit of placing an apple in its mouth at each Harvest Thanksgiving in the church. Family In 1811 he married Elizabeth (Eliza) Ayre, youngest daughter of John Ayre of Gaddesby Hall. Sadly Eliza died in childbirth in May 1818 giving birth to their second son (who did not survive). She was only 32 years old. They had two sons: Edward Henshaw Cheney (1814-1889) and John Ayre Cheney who died in infancy in 1818. Edward paid for the restoration of the chancel in Gaddesby Parish Church in 1859. Edward was made Sheriff of Leicester in 1886. Other Recognition Cheney's Waterloo Medal was acquired by the Regimental Museum of the Royal Scots Greys and is now held at Edinburgh Castle. The Cheney Arms Inn, a public house in the village of Gaddesby, is named after Cheney. References 1778 births 1848 deaths Royal Scots Greys officers People of the Battle of Waterloo Military personnel from Derbyshire
Federal elections were held in Germany on 22 September 2002 to elect the members of the 15th Bundestag. Incumbent Chancellor Gerhard Schröder's centre-left "red-green" governing coalition retained a narrow majority, and the Social Democratic Party (SPD) retained their status as the largest party in the Bundestag by three seats. Issues and campaign Several issues dominated the campaign, with the opposition CDU/CSU attacking the government's performance on the economy which fell back into recession due to the Telecoms crash and the introduction of the euro, as well as campaigning on family values and against taxes (particularly on fuel). In the run up to the election, the CSU/CDU held a huge lead in the opinion polls and Christian Social Union (CSU) leader Edmund Stoiber famously remarked that "...this election is like a football match where it's the second half and my team is ahead by 2–0." However, event soon overtook Stoiber and the CDU/CSU campaign. The SPD and the Greens were helped by broad support for its opposition to an invasion of Iraq, continued media attention on the CDU funding scandal and by Gerhard Schröder's personal popularity relative to the opposition's candidate for chancellor, Stoiber. The SPD was also boosted by Schröder's swift response to the August floods in eastern Germany, as compared to Stoiber, who was on vacation and responded late to the events. With Guido Westerwelle, leader of the Free Democratic Party (FDP), the FDP presented a chancellor candidate for the first time, usually a title reserved for the main election leaders of the SPD and CDU/CSU. This was met with general derision and Westerwelle was excluded from the chancellor television debate, the first one, against which he unsuccessfully sued. Opinion polling Results Although most opposition parties gained seats, and the result was in doubt for most of the election night, the governing coalition retained a narrow majority. In particular, the SPD was able to partially offset declines in their vote share in the West with an increase in the East, with the PDS falling below both the 5% threshold and the 3-seat threshold, either of which is required to qualify a party for top-up seats. Consequently, the PDS held only two directly elected seats. Results by state Second vote (Zweitstimme, or votes for party list) Constituency seats List seats Post-election The coalition between the SPD and the Greens continued in government, with Schröder as chancellor. However, due to the slim majority in the Bundestag, the governing coalition was not stable. Notes References Further reading Sources The Federal Returning Officer Psephos External links Federal elections in Germany Federal election Federal election
Don't Let Go is the fourteenth studio album by American soul musician Isaac Hayes. The album was released in 1979, by Polydor Records. The album debuted at number 39 on the Billboard 200. Track listing All tracks composed by Isaac Hayes; except where indicated Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts References 1979 albums Isaac Hayes albums albums produced by Isaac Hayes Polydor Records albums
Stanisław Jan Gucwa (18 April 1919 – 14 August 1994) was a Polish politician and economist. He was the Marshal of the Sejm from 1972 until 1985. Biography Gucwa was born in Przybysławice. During World War II, he participated in the Polish resistance movement under the pseudonyms Golec and Socha. In 1949, he joined the United People's Party. He was a member of the Sejm from 1961 until 1989 and the Marshal of the Sejm from 1972 until 1985. In 1974, Gucwa received the Order of the Builders of People's Poland. He also received the Order of the Banner of Work First Class and the Order of Polonia Restituta Third Class. References 1919 births 1994 deaths People from Tarnów County Members of the Polish Sejm 1961–1965 Members of the Polish Sejm 1965–1969 Members of the Polish Sejm 1969–1972 Members of the Polish Sejm 1972–1976 Members of the Polish Sejm 1976–1980 Members of the Polish Sejm 1980–1985 Members of the Polish Sejm 1985–1989 20th-century Polish economists United People's Party (Poland) politicians Marshals of the Sejm Polish resistance members of World War II
The Wiesensee () is an artificial lake, dammed up in 1971, in the Westerwald low mountain range. The lake covers about 80 hectares and lies in the area of Stahlhofen am Wiesensee's various centres on the lake's west shore, and Pottum on the north shore in the Westerwaldkreis. The community of Winnen borders on the lake to the southeast. The lake is a nature conservation area, and only parts of the water surface are open for recreational use. It is a holiday and tourist destination. Several hotels, a luxury hotel and golf course lie near the shore. Many leisure facilities in the winter and summer make the Wiesensee attractive for athletes, young families and youth. Around the lake runs a roughly 6.5-km-long hiking path loop. Regular events Once every year, usually in the third week of October, the lake is fished clean, and completely drained. On this occasion the fishing festival is traditionally held. Every three years, the Vereinsring Pottum ("club ring") stages a Sommernachtfest ("Summer Night Festival") at the lake. Other In 2006, the Czech national football team stayed at Wiesensee during the world championship. External links Information about the Wiesensee on Stahlhofen am Wiesensee's website Information about the Wiesensee on the Westerburg collective municipality's website Lakes of Rhineland-Palatinate RWiesensee Lakes of the Westerwald
Math wars is the debate over modern mathematics education, textbooks and curricula in the United States that was triggered by the publication in 1989 of the Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) and subsequent development and widespread adoption of a new generation of mathematics curricula inspired by these standards. While the discussion about math skills has persisted for many decades, the term "math wars" was coined by commentators such as John A. Van de Walle and David Klein. The debate is over traditional mathematics and reform mathematics philosophy and curricula, which differ significantly in approach and content. Advocates of reform The largest supporter of reform in the US has been the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. One aspect of the debate is over how explicitly children must be taught skills based on formulas or algorithms (fixed, step-by-step procedures for solving math problems) versus a more inquiry-based approach in which students are exposed to real-world problems that help them develop fluency in number sense, reasoning, and problem-solving skills. In this latter approach, conceptual understanding is a primary goal and algorithmic fluency is expected to follow secondarily. Some parents and other stakeholders blame educators saying that failures occur not because the method is at fault, but because these educational methods require a great deal of expertise and have not always been implemented well in actual classrooms. A backlash, which advocates call "poorly understood reform efforts" and critics call "a complete abandonment of instruction in basic mathematics," resulted in "math wars" between reform and traditional methods of mathematics education. Critics of reform Those who disagree with the inquiry-based philosophy maintain that students must first develop computational skills before they can understand concepts of mathematics. These skills should be memorized and practiced, using time-tested traditional methods until they become automatic. Time is better spent practicing skills rather than in investigations inventing alternatives, or justifying more than one correct answer or method. In this view, estimating answers is insufficient and, in fact, is considered to be dependent on strong foundational skills. Learning abstract concepts of mathematics is perceived to depend on a solid base of knowledge of the tools of the subject. Supporters of traditional mathematics teaching oppose excessive dependence on innovations such as calculators or new technology, such as the Logo language. Student innovation is acceptable, even welcome, as long as it is mathematically valid. Calculator use can be appropriate after number sense has developed and basic skills have been mastered. Constructivist methods which are unfamiliar to many adults, and books which lack explanations of methods or solved examples make it difficult to help with homework. Compared to worksheets that can be completed in minutes, constructivist activities can be more time-consuming. (Reform educators respond that more time is lost in reteaching poorly understood algorithms.) Emphasis on reading and writing also increases the language load for immigrant students and parents who may be unfamiliar with English. Critics of reform point out that traditional methods are still universally and exclusively used in industry and academia. Reform educators respond that such methods are still the ultimate goal of reform mathematics, and that students need to learn flexible thinking in order to face problems they may not know a method for. Critics maintain that it is unreasonable to expect students to "discover" the standard methods through investigation, and that flexible thinking can only be developed after mastering foundational skills. Commentators have argued that there is philosophical support for the notion that "algorithmic fluency" requires the very types of cognitive activity whose promotion reform advocates often claim is their approaches' unique virtue. However, such arguments assume that reformers do not want to teach the standard algorithms, which is a common misunderstanding of the reform position. Some curricula incorporate research by Constance Kamii and others that concluded that direct teaching of traditional algorithms is counterproductive to conceptual understanding of math. Critics have protested some of the consequences of this research. Traditional memorization methods are replaced with constructivist activities. Students who demonstrate proficiency in a standard method are asked to invent another method of arriving at the answer. Some parents have accused reform math advocates of deliberately slowing down students with greater ability in order to "paper-over" the inequalities of the American school system. Some teachers supplement such textbooks in order to teach standard methods more quickly. Some curricula do not teach long division. Critics believe the NCTM revised its standards to explicitly call for continuing instruction of standard methods, largely because of the negative response to some of these curricula (see below). College professors and employers have sometimes claimed that students that have been taught using reform curricula do not possess basic mathematical skills. One study found that, although first-grade students in 1999 with an average or above-average aptitude for math did equally well with either teacher-directed or student-centered instruction, first-grade students with mathematical difficulties did better with teacher-directed instruction. Reform curricula Examples of reform curricula introduced in response to the 1989 NCTM standards and the reasons for initial criticism: Mathland (no longer offered) Investigations in Numbers, Data, and Space, criticized for not containing explicit instruction of the standard algorithms Core-Plus Mathematics Project, criticized for failing "to convey critical mathematical concepts and ideas that should and can be within reach for high school students", downplaying "algebraic structure and skills" and inability to build geometry up from foundations in a mathematically sound and coherent way". Connected Mathematics, criticized for not explicitly teaching children standard algorithms, formulas or solved examples Everyday Math, also known as "Fuzzy Math", criticized for putting emphasis on non-traditional arithmetic methods. Critics of reform textbooks say that they present concepts in a haphazard way. Critics of the reform textbooks and curricula support methods such as Singapore math, which emphasizes direct instruction of basic mathematical concepts, and Saxon math, which emphasizes frequent cumulative review. Reform educators have responded by pointing out that research tends to show that students achieve greater conceptual understanding from standards-based curricula than traditional curricula and that these gains do not come at the expense of basic skills. In fact students tend to achieve the same procedural skill level in both types of curricula as measured by traditional standardized tests. More research is needed, but the current state of research seems to show that reform textbooks work as well as or better than traditional textbooks in helping students achieve computational competence while promoting greater conceptual understanding than traditional approaches. Later developments In 2000 the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) released the Principles and Standards for School Mathematics (PSSM), which was seen as more balanced than the original 1989 Standards. This led to some calming, but not an end to the dispute. Two recent reports have led to considerably more cooling of the Math Wars. In 2006, NCTM released its Curriculum Focal Points, which was seen by many as a compromise position. In 2008, the National Mathematics Advisory Panel, created by George W. Bush, called for a halt to all extreme positions. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics 2006 recommendations In 2006, the NCTM released Curriculum Focal Points, a report on the topics considered central for mathematics in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade. Its inclusion of standard algorithms led editorials in newspapers like the Chicago Sun Times to state that the "NCTM council has admitted, more or less, that it goofed," and that the new report cited "inconsistency in the grade placement of mathematics topics as well as in how they are defined and what students are expected to learn." NCTM responded by insisting that it considers "Focal Points" a step in the implementation of the Standards, not a reversal of its position on teaching students to learn foundational topics with conceptual understanding. Francis Fennell, president of the NCTM, stated that there had been no change of direction or policy in the new report and said that he resented talk of “math wars”. The Focal Points were one of the documents consulted to create the new national Common Core Standards, which have been adopted by most of the United States since 2010. National Mathematics Advisory Panel On April 18, 2006, President Bush created the National Mathematics Advisory Panel, which was modeled after the influential National Reading Panel. The National Math Panel examined and summarized the scientific evidence related to the teaching and learning of mathematics, concluding in their 2008 report, "All-encompassing recommendations that instruction should be entirely 'student centered' or 'teacher directed' are not supported by research. If such recommendations exist, they should be rescinded. If they are being considered, they should be avoided. High-quality research does not support the exclusive use of either approach." The Panel effectively called for an end to the Math Wars, concluding that research showed "conceptual understanding, computational and procedural fluency, and problem-solving skills are equally important and mutually reinforce each other. Debates regarding the relative importance of each of these components of mathematics are misguided." The Panel's final report met with significant criticism within the mathematics education community for, among other issues, the selection criteria used to determine "high-quality" research, their comparison of extreme forms of teaching, and the amount of focus placed on algebra. See also Anti-racist mathematics, efforts to reduce racial bias in mathematics pedagogy David Klein Education in the United States Jo Boaler Marian Small New Math – a reform in mathematics education in western countries during the late 1950s to the early 1970s Three-part lesson References Education reform Mathematics education Mathematics education reform Standards-based education Ideological rivalry
is a former Japanese football player. Playing career Watanabe was born in Ibaraki Prefecture on November 9, 1971. After graduating from high school, he joined Fujita Industries in 1990. He played several matches from first season and he played many matches as center back from 1992. The club won the champions in 1993 and was promoted to J1 League from 1994. From 1994, he became a regular player and the club won the champions 1994 Emperor's Cup. In 1996, he moved to Cerezo Osaka. However he could not play many matches. In 1997, he moved to Japan Football League club Consadole Sapporo. He played as regular player. The club won the champions in 1997 and was promoted to J1 League from 1998. In 1999, he moved to Japan Football League club Mito HollyHock based in his local. The club won the 3rd place in 1999 and was promoted to J2 League from 2000. In 2001, he moved to J2 club Montedio Yamagata. He retired end of 2002 season. Club statistics References External links 1971 births Living people Association football people from Ibaraki Prefecture Japanese men's footballers Japan Soccer League players J1 League players J2 League players Japan Football League (1992–1998) players Japan Football League players Shonan Bellmare players Cerezo Osaka players Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo players Mito HollyHock players Montedio Yamagata players Men's association football defenders
Chermoshnoy () is a rural locality (a khutor) in Dyakonovsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Oktyabrsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: Geography The khutor is located 62 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 26 km south-west of Kursk, 11 km south-west of the district center – the urban-type settlement Pryamitsyno, 8.5 km from the selsoviet center – Dyakonovo. Climate Chermoshnoy has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification). Transport Chermoshnoy is located on the roads of regional importance ("Crimea Highway" – Ivanino, part of the European route ) and (Dyakonovo – Sudzha – border with Ukraine), 7.5 km from the nearest railway halt 439 km (railway line Lgov I — Kursk). The rural locality is situated 37 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 113 km from Belgorod International Airport and 236 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport. References Notes Sources Rural localities in Oktyabrsky District, Kursk Oblast

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.