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Sulfur dyes are the most commonly used dyes manufactured for cotton in terms of volume. They are inexpensive, generally have good wash-fastness, and are easy to apply. Sulfur dyes are predominantly black, brown, and dark blue. Red sulfur dyes are unknown, although a pink or lighter scarlet color is available.
Chemistry
Sulfur linkages are the integral part of chromophore in sulfur dyes. They are organosulfur compounds consisting of sulfide (–S–), disulfide (–S–S–) and polysulfide (–Sn–) links in heterocyclic rings. They feature thiazoles, thiazone, thianthrene, and phenothiazonethioanthrone subunits.
Being nonionic, sulfur dyes are insoluble in water.
Process
Dyeing includes a few stages, viz. reduction, dyeing, washing, oxidation, soaping, and final washing.
The anion is developed on reducing and solubilising at boil when it shows affinity for cellulose.
Sodium sulfide (Na2S), the reducing and solubilising agent, performs both reduction and solubilisation, producing thiols and then to sodium salt of thiols or thiolates, which are soluble in water and substantive towards cellulose.
Higher rate of exhaustion occurs at 90-95 °C in presence of electrolyte.
Dyed cellulosics exhibit a tendering effect on storage under humid atmosphere due to presence of excess free sulfur. Aftertreatment with sodium acetate is required to suppress that.
H2S liberated during dyeing forms corrosive metal sulfide. This restricts use of metal vessels except those made of stainless steel:
Fe + H2S → FeS + H2
Production, past and present
The forerunner of sulfur dyes is attributed to "Cachou de Laval", which is prepared by treating wood products with sulfide sources. Subsequently, the so-called Vidal Blacks were produced by reactions of various aniline derivatives with sulfur. These experiments demonstrated that deeply colored materials could be readily produced by combining aromatic compounds and sulfur sources.
The most important member of the class is Sulfur Black 1. It is produced by the reaction of 2,4-dinitrophenol and sodium sulfide in hot water. Like many sulfur dyes, details on the chemical reactions are poorly understood. It is accepted that the sulfide reduces the nitro groups to aniline derivatives, which are thought to form indophenol-containing intermediates that are further crosslinked by reaction with sulfur. The result are insoluble, high molecular weight species. Sulfur Black 1 is imperfectly understood, and the material is probably heterogeneous. It is speculated to be a polymer consisting of thianthrene and phenothiazine subunits. The so-called sulfur bake dyes are produced from 1,4-diaminobenzene and diaminotoluene derivatives. These dyes are proposed to consist of polymers with benzothiazole subunits. Members of the sulfur bake dyes class are Sulfur Orange 1, Sulfur Brown 21, and Sulfur Green 12.
Application method
Sulfur dyes are water-insoluble. In the presence of a reducing agent and at alkaline pH at elevated temperature of around 80 °C, the dye particles disintegrate, which then become water-soluble and hence can be absorbed by the fabric. Sodium sulfide or sodium hydrosulfide are suitable reducing agents. Common salt facilitates the absorption. After the fabric is removed from the dye solution, it is allowed to stand in air whereupon the dye is regenerated by oxidation. The regenerated parent dye is insoluble in water. Oxidation can also be effected in air or by hydrogen peroxide or sodium bromate in a mildly acidic solution.
The low water solubility is the basis of the good wash-fastness of these dyed fabrics. These dyes have good all-around colour fastness except to chlorine bleaches. Because the dye is water-insoluble, it will not bleed when washed in water and will not stain other clothes. The dye, however, may have poor fastness to rubbing. The dyes are bleached by hypochlorite bleach.
Environmental issues
Due to the highly polluting nature of the dye-bath effluent, sulfur dyes are being slowly phased out in the West but they are used on a large scale in China. Recent advances in dyeing technologies have allowed the substitution of toxic sulfide reducing agents. Glucose in basic solution is now used and both low-sulfide and zero-sulfide products are available. Future developments in the field of reducing dye levels by means of electrochemical processes are promising.
References
Dyes
Sulfur |
In professional wrestling a DDT is any move in which the wrestler has the opponent in a front facelock/inverted headlock and falls down / backwards to drive the opponent's head into the mat. The classic DDT is performed by putting the opponent in a front facelock and falling backwards so that the opponent is forced to dive forward onto their head. Although widely credited as an invention of Jake Roberts, who gave the DDT its famous name, the earliest known practitioner of the move was Mexican wrestler Black Gordman, who frequently performed it during the 1970s before Roberts popularized it nationwide.
Rumors abound as to what the letters DDT supposedly stood for, including Damien's Death Trap, Damien's Death Touch, Damien's Dinner Time (all named after Jake's pet python, Damien), Drape Drop Takedown, Drop Down Town, Downward Dome Thrust, and Death Drop Technique. When asked what DDT meant, Jake once famously replied "The End." The abbreviation itself originally came from the chemical dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, a notorious pesticide, as stated during shoot interviews and Jake's Pick Your Poison DVD.
Variations
Front facelock variants
Argentine DDT
The wrestler lifts the opponent onto their shoulders as in an Argentine backbreaker rack and pushes the opponent's legs while still holding the front facelock, flipping them over to the front of the wrestler. The wrestler falls down to the mat front-first, driving the opponent face-first down to the mat.
The move was innovated by Kenta Kobashi.
Armbar DDT
Also called a Single arm DDT or a Jumping armbreaker, this variation of the armbreaker involves the attacking wrestler grabbing the opponent's left or right arm, holding it across their chest, and then falling backwards, dropping the opponent face-first as well as damaging the opponent's arm and shoulder. "Beautiful" Bobby Eaton called this the Divorce Court.
Cradle DDT
The wrestler applies a front facelock to the opponent, then lifts the opponent into an elevated leg-trap bodyscissors position, and finally fall backwards, driving the opponent head first down to the mat. Former WWE and current AEW wrestler Saraya uses this variation as a finishing move called the Knightcap (It was previously known as Ram-Paige during her time in WWE). A variation, known as a hammerlock cradle DDT, involves the attacking wrestler lifting the opponent into a bear hug, applying a hammerlock, then a front facelock, then finally driving the opponent's head into the mat. British wrestler Joseph Conners uses this variation, known as the Righteous Kill, and Nia Jax has also utilized a version of this move.
Double underhook DDT
Innovated by Kenta Kobashi. Instead of applying a head or facelock, the wrestler bends the opponent forward and hooks each arm behind the opponent's head, a position known as a butterfly. The wrestler then tucks the opponent's head under one of their arms and falls back to pull the opponent down either flat on their face, which is the more common variant, or onto the top of their head, causing them to roll over like in a regular DDT. It is also known as a double arm DDT or a butterfly DDT. Mick Foley, Stevie Richards, Drew McIntyre, and Jon Moxley have all popularized variations of this DDT: Foley used an unnamed jumping version, Richards uses a lifting version he calls the Stevie-T, McIntyre used a snap version called the Future Shock, and Moxley uses a lift-and-snap version called the Paradigm Shift, which was referred to as Dirty Deeds during his time in WWE.
Diving DDT
The wrestler stands in an elevated position (usually on the top rope) and faces the standing or bent-over opponent. As they dive, the wrestler wraps their near arm around the opponent's head in a front facelock and swings themselves backwards in midair, landing back-first and simultaneously forcing the opponent's head into the mat. It is used by Yoshinobu Kanemaru as The Deep Impact. This move was also used by former WWE Tough Enough winner Maven as the "Halo DDT".
Elevated DDT
This version of a DDT has many names like draping, hangman's, rope-hung and spike which first sees an attacking wrestler place the opponent on an elevated surface, usually the ropes or the turnbuckle, while applying a front facelock. The attacking wrestler next draws the opponent away from the elevated surface leaving the opponent's feet over the elevated surface (i.e. ring ropes), making them the only thing other than the wrestler keeping the opponent off the ground. The attacking wrestler then falls backwards so that the opponent is forced to dive forward onto their head with extra force due to the height of which they were dropped. This can also be performed as a double team move. A slight variation, known as a diving DDT or a Halo DDT, exists and sees the wrestler and the opponent both on an elevated surface, albeit with the wrestler facing the ring. With the opponent in the front facelock, the wrestler and the opponent both dive off the elevated surface, resulting in the wrestler falling forward to perform the DDT instead of falling backwards. The move is sometimes referred to as a spike DDT, because the defending wrestler lands in an upside-down, almost completely vertical position (known as the "spiked" position, which refers to when a wrestler is actually dropped vertically upside down). When this move is performed on an opponent draped on the first rope, then only it is called hangman's DDT. This move is usually performed with the defending wrestler's feet on the middle rope but Tommaso Ciampa uses this move to an opponent attempting to enter the ring as his finisher; called Willows Bell in honor of his daughter. Randy Orton is the most notable user of this move.
Cartwheel DDT
In this variation, the wrestler stands on the top rope with the opponent standing in front of the wrestler. From here, the wrestler performs a cartwheel across the ropes. Then, with his near arm, the wrestler quickly catches the opponent in a front facelock and dives off the ropes, driving the opponent’s head into the mat. This move is used by Jake Atlas, calling it both the Rainbow DDT and LGBDDT.
Facebreaker DDT
The wrestler applies a front facelock and then falls backwards, much like a normal DDT, but instead of the opponent's head impacting the mat, the wrestler falls to a kneeling or sitting position driving the face of the opponent on to their knee.
Flip DDT
Also known as a front flip DDT. After applying a front facelock, the wrestler pushes off the mat with their legs to flip the opponent and drive them onto the top of their head in a manner similar to the flip piledriver. It has been used by Will Ospreay as the Essex Destroyer.
Flip-over DDT
Also known as a Samurai Driver, this DDT sees a wrestler place their head between the thighs of an opponent before jumping up while pushing away from the opponent's thighs to flip up and sit on the shoulders of the opponent. The wrestler then spreads their legs, dropping off the opponent's shoulders as they grab hold of the opponent's head in a front facelock to fall down to the mat back first, driving the opponent's head down to the mat. This move sees the attacking wrestler get lifted in a powerbomb position so often this move is used as a counter to a powerbomb.
Float-over DDT
This DDT sees the wrestler stand in front of the opponent facing him or her, duck, hook one of his or her arms over the opponent's shoulder (If it is the opponent's left shoulder that the attacker chooses to seize, he or she hooks with his or her right, or opposite if sides are reversed), swing under the opponent's armpit, then around and over the opponent's back so that he or she faces the same way as the opponent, lock the opponent's head under his or her other hand's armpit, spin another 180° to end up having the opponent locked in a front facelock, and fall back to drive the opponent skull-first to the mat, as per a regular DDT. The maneuver is usually performed after the attacker ducks a punch or a clothesline.
Flowing DDT
A variant of the DDT popularized by Raven as the Evenflow/Raven Effect, the attacking wrestler kicks the opponent in the stomach before applying a front facelock and falling backwards to drive the opponent's head into the mat.
Fireman's carry DDT
Also described as a fireman's carry implant DDT, this move sees the attacking wrestler first put an opponent up in the fireman's carry (across the wrestler's shoulders) position, then throw the opponent's legs out in front of them to spin them out while the attacking wrestler switches the position of their arm holding the opponent's head to a front facelock and falls backwards to drive the top of the opponent's head into the mat.
Fisherman DDT
After applying a front facelock, the wrestler hooks the opponent's near leg with their other arm, slightly hoists them up, and falls backwards onto their back, driving the opponent's head down to the mat.
Headscissors DDT
Very different from a classic or traditional DDT, as the wrestler never uses their hand in this variation. The wrestler catches the opponent in a standing headscissors and then falls backwards, slamming the opponent into the mat face-first.
Also often referred to as the Hurricanrana Driver.
Hammerlock DDT
Variation of a classic DDT in which the wrestler first applies a hammerlock on the opponent's further arm, goes for a front facelock, and then falls backwards onto their back, driving the opponent's head down to the mat. Andrade El Idolo uses this move as a finisher, he calls La Sombra. Tessa Blanchard also uses a variant of the Move called Buzzsaw.
Jumping DDT
A slight variation where instead of just falling backwards, the wrestler jumps up while holding the front facelock and then uses the weight and momentum to pull the opponent down on their head. Also, a variation of this move is sometimes seen where, as the wrestler jumps, they use the horizontal position to execute a front dropkick to the knees of the opponent to add additional impact to the move.
Legsweep DDT
Also known as the Russian legsweep DDT. In these versions of a DDT the wrestler applies a front facelock and then performs a type of legsweep to essentially take out the legs from under the opponent before falling backwards to drive the opponent face first down to the mat.
Lifting DDT
This version of a DDT is similar to a spike DDT and is often referred to as a low angle brainbuster, or simply as an implant DDT. The attacking wrestler applies a front facelock to an opponent then lifts the opponent off the ground just before falling backwards to drive the opponent face or head first down to the mat. A slight variation of this sees the wrestler spin the opponent's body away from themselves as they raise the opponent off the ground. Another version, the lifting inverted DDT, sees the wrestler apply an inverted facelock, lift the opponent off the ground and fall back. This move was popularized by Gangrel during his stint in WWE as his finishing move, called the Impaler DDT, and was later adopted by Edge, who called it the Edgecution. It is currently performed by Robert Roode, who uses a swinging variation as a finishing move, calling it the Glorious DDT.
Moonsault DDT
The wrestler stands in an elevated position (usually on the second or top rope) and faces away the standing opponent. As they flip, the wrestler wraps their near arm around the opponent's head in a front facelock and swings themselves backwards in midair, landing back-first and simultaneously forcing the opponent's head into the mat. An inverted variation was popularized by AJ Styles as the Phenomenon.
Moonwalk DDT
With the opponent placed in a front facelock, the attacking wrestler performs a Moonwalk maneuver across the ring and then proceeds to execute a classic DDT slam.
Over the shoulder DDT
The attacking wrestler puts the opponent over the shoulder as in a powerslam set up but instead throws them off and around their body grabbing their head and executing a modified DDT or a modified facebuster. Karrion Kross uses a pumphandle version called the Final Prayer.
Running DDT
The wrestler charges at a bent-forward opponent and applies a front facelock before dropping backwards to drive the opponent down to the mat head first, this can also used to counter an opponent's back body drop attempt. In another variation the wrestler wll also push the opponent up with their free arm, performing a spike DDT version of the move. Used by Jeff Jarrett and The Undertaker.
Scissored DDT
This move sees the wrestler apply the front facelock and then put one of their legs on one of the opponent's arms before falling backward and driving the opponent head first to the mat. MsChif uses this as her finisher and popularized it.
Shooting star DDT
The opponent is facing the wrestler on the turnbuckle. The wrestler then does a backflip towards the opponent catching the opponent into a DDT on the way down.
Single underhook DDT
The wrestler places the opponent in a front facelock and hooks only one of the opponent's arms behind their neck, as if going for a suplex, before falling back and driving the opponent's head into the mat. A variation of this move sees the wrestler lift the opponent off the ground after applying the underhook, before falling back to drive the opponent head first down to the mat. This lifting variation was popularized by Prince Devitt, who uses a lifting version as a finisher under the name of Bloody Sunday and the 1916 as Finn Bálor.
Slingshot DDT
The wrestler stands on the ring apron and performs a slingshot, and as they pull themselves over the top rope, they grab their opponent in a front facelock and fall backwards, driving their opponent's head into the mat. Johnny Gargano uses it as One Final Beat but its earlier name was Thunderstruck.
Snap DDT
The wrestler applies a front facelock to their opponent. The wrestler then jumps down onto their back, swinging their legs forward, bending the opponent, and driving them down to the mat face, forehead, or head first. A slight variation sees the wrestler draw one of their legs backwards (usually the leg closest to the opponent) before swinging it forward to build extra momentum. They then drop onto their back, driving the opponent head first to the mat. Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson used this variation of the DDT in his late years in the WWF/E. Yujiro Takahashi also performs a variation where he delivers the DDT to a kneeling opponent, calling his version Pimp Juice. Lita used a swinging variation and dubbed it the Lita DDT. Alexa Bliss uses it as well and calls it the Bliss DDT.
Spike DDT
The wrestler applies a front facelock to the opponent and lifts them up with their free arm. The wrestler then falls backwards, driving the opponent vertically down to the mat head first. The Spike DDT is a version of the DDT which is somewhere between a lifting DDT and a brainbuster. It was used by Shinya Hashimoto.
Springboard DDT
The wrestler bounces off the middle rope or elevates themself on the top rope, performing a springboard and then hits any variation of the DDT on their opponent. The wrestler also spins around if they're doing the springboard DDT by bouncing off the middle rope. One of its users was Sabu, who used a tornado DDT by performing a springboard off the middle rope as his finisher.
Suplex DDT
In this variant, an opponent lifts up their opponent as if they were going to perform a vertical suplex, but then drops their opponent face first to the mat. Sylvain Grenier uses this move as a finisher, dubbed 3 Seconds of Fame.
Swinging DDT
This move sees a wrestler grab their opponent around their neck and lean them backwards. The wrestler then applies a front facelock and swings their opponent around, slamming them head first into the mat. Currently used by SANADA as the Deadfall.
Tilt-a-whirl DDT
Also known as Satellite DDT, this variation sees the charging wrestler being spun into a tilt-a-whirl and ends the move up into a DDT. An inverted variation is also possible.
Tornado DDT
The tornado DDT is also referred to as a spinning DDT. A wrestler goes to the top rope and applies a front facelock to an opponent from an elevated position (for example, sitting on the top turnbuckle against an opponent standing on the mat, or from the apron against an opponent standing on the ground). The wrestler then jumps forward and swings around to fall backwards and drop the opponent's head into the mat.
Standing tornado DDT
In this version the fighter charges an opponent standing, jumps and applies the front facelock in the air before swinging and falling backwards having the opponent hit face first or head first into the canvas. This is sometimes known as a jumping swinging DDT and is used regularly by fighters who use a standard tornado DDT. Mickie James popularized this move under the name Mickie-DT.
Inverted facelock variants
This subsection lists DDTs that involve the opponent being dropped on the back of their heads. The basic inverted DDT is also known as an inverted DDT.
Inverted DDT
Commonly known as the reverse DDT. A wrestler applies an inverted facelock to the opponent, then falls backward, driving the back of the opponent's head into the mat. The move was popularized by Sting in the late 1990s after he adopted it as his new finisher and named it the Scorpion Death Drop.
Falling inverted DDT
A wrestler applies an inverted facelock. Then the attacker throws their feet backwards, falling onto their own stomach. The defending wrestler has the back of their head driven into the mat. Popularized by Christian Cage.
Half nelson inverted DDT
The attacking wrestler applies an inverted facelock and puts their arm under the opponent's arm, completing the half nelson, and drops down with the opponent's head driven into the mat.
Lifting inverted DDT
The wrestler applies an inverted facelock on the opponent with one arm, and lifts the opponent up with the other. The wrestler then falls backwards down onto their back, slightly to their side, driving the opponent down to the mat upper back and head first. This move is sometimes incorrectly referred to as an inverted DDT or a reverse DDT. Another variation used can be done where the wrestler falls on their stomach instead of their back, which is known as a lifting falling inverted DDT. Dustin Rhodes uses this move as the Curtain Call while D-Von Dudley used this as the Saving Grace. British wrestler Eddie Dennis of NXT UK uses this as a modified version move calling it as the "Neck stop Driver".
Shiranui
Also known as a springboard backflip three-quarter facelock inverted DDT. A wrestler puts the opponent into a ¾ facelock, then runs up the corner turnbuckles or ring ropes and jump backwards performing a backflip, and landing face down driving the opponent down to the mat back-first. Sometimes a standing variant is performed by wrestlers with adequate leaping ability or when assisted by a tag team partner. The move is popularly known, especially in North America, as Sliced Bread No. 2, a name created by wrestler Brian Kendrick. In a slight variation named the sitout shiranui the wrestler lands into a seated position instead, driving the opponent's head between the legs. Seth Rollins used the Sliced Bread No. 2 early in NXT in 2011/2012 season.
Snap inverted DDT
A wrestler applies an inverted facelock to the opponent, swings either their legs for momentum, and then falls backward, driving the back of the opponent's head into the mat. This move is used by Lance Archer, naming the move Dark Days and Final Days.
Standing shiranui
Also known as a backflip three-quarter facelock inverted DDT. In this move a wrestler applies a three-quarter facelock on the opponent and performs a backflip over the opponent while maintaining the facelock turning it into an inverted facelock and then either landing face down to the mat, on their own back to the side, on their knees, or in a sitting position, to drive the opponent's head back-first down to the mat. This move has several names, usually depending on the person performing it. The official name of the move used to be the Asai DDT as it was innovated by Último Dragón. A sitout variation is also used, which is popularized by Kalisto as the Salida del Sol.
NJPW wrestler Tetsuya Naito uses a modified version of this move called the Destino which sees him grabbing and underhooking an opponent's single right arm with his right arm from behind while reaching under the outstretched right arm to take hold the opponent's head with his left arm while running a few short steps forward to jump performing while a backflip maintaining his hold on his opponent thus executing the maneuver.
Swinging inverted DDT
This variation sees a wrestler lock in a front facelock and, while falling backwards, twist their opponent around resulting in the opponent landing on the back of their head, as in a standing inverted DDT. The same technique can be used to end in a falling inverted DDT. A slight variation of this sees the wrestler reach under the opponent while setting up the move to grab their far arm. From there, the wrestler pulls the arm over, causing the opponent to twist around until they are in an inverted facelock before then dropping backwards for a standard inverted DDT. This move was the original finisher of The Miz when he made his WWE Debut, dubbing it the Mizard of Oz.
Tilt-a-whirl inverted DDT
Similar to the normal tilt-a-whirl DDT. This DDT sees the charging wrestler being tilt-a-whirled by the opponent, after the maneuver is over, the wrestler holds the opponent into an inverted facelock, and then falling backwards while he's elevated off the mat into an inverted DDT.
Tornado inverted DDT
The attacking wrestler applies an inverted facelock from an elevated position (for example, sitting on the top turnbuckle against an opponent standing on the mat, or from the apron against an opponent standing on the ground). They then jump off so that they swing around the opponent. Using the momentum from the jump, they falls forward and slam the back of the opponent's head into the mat. A standing jumping reverse tornado version of the move is also possible.
See also
Professional wrestling throws
References
Professional wrestling moves |
Amphibulima browni is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Amphibulimidae.
This rare tropical land snail is endemic to the West Indian island of Dominica. The snail has been seen only very rarely since it was first discovered in the late 19th century, and it may eventually be listed as an endangered species. The shell of this snail is oblong and thin, but not fragile, and it has a large aperture.
Distribution
Amphibulima browni is endemic to the West Indian island of Dominica. The type locality is Dominica, the altitude 330 m, "on bananas".
The status of this species, which is one of three species of Amphibulima on Dominica, has been somewhat doubtful for a long period, since this taxon has not been reported since its original description. The collection of a few live specimens during the recent surveys in the 2000s confirmed its presence, and although it appears rare, it seems to be less restricted in distribution than Amphibulima pardalina.
Amphibulima browni is likely to meet the IUCN-criteria for listing as Endangered species.
Description
Amphibulima browni was firstly collected by biologist A. D. Brown and it was originally described by an American malacologist Henry Augustus Pilsbry in 1899.
The shell is oblong, thin, but not elastic or fragile, corneous-olivaceous, with numerous irregularly scattered reddish dots. The surface is somewhat wrinkled with growth-striae and showing numerous very low but coarse irregular spirals. The shell has 2½ whorls. The apex is decidedly raised. The suture of the last half whorl is rapidly descending. The spire is rather slender and its length contained from 4½ to 4¾ times in that of the shell.
The aperture is large, irregularly oblong. The outer lip is somewhat blunt, strongly arcuate above, retracted or waved backward at the position of the slight "shoulder" and somewhat effuse below. The columella is arcuate and thin.
The height of the shell is from 18.5 to 19 mm. The width of the shell is from 10 to 10.5 mm. The height of the aperture is 14.7–15 mm. The height of the spire is 3.8-4.3 mm.
References
This article incorporates public domain text from the reference and CC-BY-3.0 text from the reference.
External links
Amphibulimidae
Endemic fauna of Dominica
Gastropods described in 1899 |
```c++
/*
*
* Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
* found in the LICENSE file.
*/
#include "GrStencil.h"
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Stencil Rules for Merging user stencil space into clip
// We can't include the clip bit in the ref or mask values because the division
// between user and clip bits in the stencil depends on the number of stencil
// bits in the runtime. Comments below indicate what the code should do to
// incorporate the clip bit into these settings.
///////
// Replace
// set the ref to be the clip bit, but mask it out for the test
GR_STATIC_CONST_SAME_STENCIL(gUserToClipReplace,
kReplace_StencilOp,
kZero_StencilOp,
kLess_StencilFunc,
0xffff, // unset clip bit
0x0000, // set clip bit
0xffff);
GR_STATIC_CONST_SAME_STENCIL(gInvUserToClipReplace,
kReplace_StencilOp,
kZero_StencilOp,
kEqual_StencilFunc,
0xffff, // unset clip bit
0x0000, // set clip bit
0xffff);
///////
// Intersect
GR_STATIC_CONST_SAME_STENCIL(gUserToClipIsect,
kReplace_StencilOp,
kZero_StencilOp,
kLess_StencilFunc,
0xffff,
0x0000, // set clip bit
0xffff);
GR_STATIC_CONST_SAME_STENCIL(gInvUserToClipIsect,
kReplace_StencilOp,
kZero_StencilOp,
kEqual_StencilFunc,
0xffff,
0x0000, // set clip bit
0xffff);
///////
// Difference
GR_STATIC_CONST_SAME_STENCIL(gUserToClipDiff,
kReplace_StencilOp,
kZero_StencilOp,
kEqual_StencilFunc,
0xffff,
0x0000, // set clip bit
0xffff);
GR_STATIC_CONST_SAME_STENCIL(gInvUserToClipDiff,
kReplace_StencilOp,
kZero_StencilOp,
kLess_StencilFunc,
0xffff,
0x0000, // set clip bit
0xffff);
///////
// Union
// first pass makes all the passing cases >= just clip bit set.
GR_STATIC_CONST_SAME_STENCIL(gUserToClipUnionPass0,
kReplace_StencilOp,
kKeep_StencilOp,
kLEqual_StencilFunc,
0xffff,
0x0001, // set clip bit
0xffff);
// second pass allows anything greater than just clip bit set to pass
GR_STATIC_CONST_SAME_STENCIL(gUserToClipUnionPass1,
kReplace_StencilOp,
kZero_StencilOp,
kLEqual_StencilFunc,
0xffff,
0x0000, // set clip bit
0xffff);
// first pass finds zeros in the user bits and if found sets
// the clip bit to 1
GR_STATIC_CONST_SAME_STENCIL(gInvUserToClipUnionPass0,
kReplace_StencilOp,
kKeep_StencilOp,
kEqual_StencilFunc,
0xffff,
0x0000, // set clip bit
0x0000 // set clip bit
);
// second pass zeros the user bits
GR_STATIC_CONST_SAME_STENCIL(gInvUserToClipUnionPass1,
kZero_StencilOp,
kZero_StencilOp,
kLess_StencilFunc,
0xffff,
0x0000,
0xffff // unset clip bit
);
///////
// Xor
GR_STATIC_CONST_SAME_STENCIL(gUserToClipXorPass0,
kInvert_StencilOp,
kKeep_StencilOp,
kEqual_StencilFunc,
0xffff, // unset clip bit
0x0000,
0xffff);
GR_STATIC_CONST_SAME_STENCIL(gUserToClipXorPass1,
kReplace_StencilOp,
kZero_StencilOp,
kGreater_StencilFunc,
0xffff,
0x0000, // set clip bit
0xffff);
GR_STATIC_CONST_SAME_STENCIL(gInvUserToClipXorPass0,
kInvert_StencilOp,
kKeep_StencilOp,
kEqual_StencilFunc,
0xffff, // unset clip bit
0x0000,
0xffff);
GR_STATIC_CONST_SAME_STENCIL(gInvUserToClipXorPass1,
kReplace_StencilOp,
kZero_StencilOp,
kLess_StencilFunc,
0xffff,
0x0000, // set clip bit
0xffff);
///////
// Reverse Diff
GR_STATIC_CONST_SAME_STENCIL(gUserToClipRDiffPass0,
kInvert_StencilOp,
kZero_StencilOp,
kLess_StencilFunc,
0xffff, // unset clip bit
0x0000, // set clip bit
0xffff);
GR_STATIC_CONST_SAME_STENCIL(gUserToClipRDiffPass1,
kReplace_StencilOp,
kZero_StencilOp,
kEqual_StencilFunc,
0x0000, // set clip bit
0x0000, // set clip bit
0xffff);
// We are looking for stencil values that are all zero. The first pass sets the
// clip bit if the stencil is all zeros. The second pass clears the user bits.
GR_STATIC_CONST_SAME_STENCIL(gInvUserToClipRDiffPass0,
kInvert_StencilOp,
kZero_StencilOp,
kEqual_StencilFunc,
0xffff,
0x0000,
0x0000 // set clip bit
);
GR_STATIC_CONST_SAME_STENCIL(gInvUserToClipRDiffPass1,
kZero_StencilOp,
kZero_StencilOp,
kAlways_StencilFunc,
0xffff,
0x0000,
0xffff // unset clip bit
);
///////
// Direct to Stencil
// We can render a clip element directly without first writing to the client
// portion of the clip when the fill is not inverse and the set operation will
// only modify the in/out status of samples covered by the clip element.
// this one only works if used right after stencil clip was cleared.
// Our clip mask creation code doesn't allow midstream replace ops.
GR_STATIC_CONST_SAME_STENCIL(gReplaceClip,
kReplace_StencilOp,
kReplace_StencilOp,
kAlways_StencilFunc,
0xffff,
0x0000, // set clip bit
0x0000 // set clipBit
);
GR_STATIC_CONST_SAME_STENCIL(gUnionClip,
kReplace_StencilOp,
kReplace_StencilOp,
kAlways_StencilFunc,
0xffff,
0x0000, // set clip bit
0x0000 // set clip bit
);
GR_STATIC_CONST_SAME_STENCIL(gXorClip,
kInvert_StencilOp,
kInvert_StencilOp,
kAlways_StencilFunc,
0xffff,
0x0000,
0x0000 // set clip bit
);
GR_STATIC_CONST_SAME_STENCIL(gDiffClip,
kZero_StencilOp,
kZero_StencilOp,
kAlways_StencilFunc,
0xffff,
0x0000,
0x0000 // set clip bit
);
bool GrStencilSettings::GetClipPasses(
SkRegion::Op op,
bool canBeDirect,
unsigned int stencilClipMask,
bool invertedFill,
int* numPasses,
GrStencilSettings settings[kMaxStencilClipPasses]) {
if (canBeDirect && !invertedFill) {
*numPasses = 0;
switch (op) {
case SkRegion::kReplace_Op:
*numPasses = 1;
settings[0] = gReplaceClip;
break;
case SkRegion::kUnion_Op:
*numPasses = 1;
settings[0] = gUnionClip;
break;
case SkRegion::kXOR_Op:
*numPasses = 1;
settings[0] = gXorClip;
break;
case SkRegion::kDifference_Op:
*numPasses = 1;
settings[0] = gDiffClip;
break;
default: // suppress warning
break;
}
if (1 == *numPasses) {
settings[0].fFuncRefs[kFront_Face] |= stencilClipMask;
settings[0].fWriteMasks[kFront_Face] |= stencilClipMask;
settings[0].fFuncRefs[kBack_Face] =
settings[0].fFuncRefs[kFront_Face];
settings[0].fWriteMasks[kBack_Face] =
settings[0].fWriteMasks[kFront_Face];
return true;
}
}
switch (op) {
// if we make the path renderer go to stencil we always give it a
// non-inverted fill and we use the stencil rules on the client->clipbit
// pass to select either the zeros or nonzeros.
case SkRegion::kReplace_Op:
*numPasses= 1;
settings[0] = invertedFill ? gInvUserToClipReplace :
gUserToClipReplace;
settings[0].fFuncMasks[kFront_Face] &= ~stencilClipMask;
settings[0].fFuncRefs[kFront_Face] |= stencilClipMask;
settings[0].fFuncMasks[kBack_Face] =
settings[0].fFuncMasks[kFront_Face];
settings[0].fFuncRefs[kBack_Face] =
settings[0].fFuncRefs[kFront_Face];
break;
case SkRegion::kIntersect_Op:
*numPasses = 1;
settings[0] = invertedFill ? gInvUserToClipIsect : gUserToClipIsect;
settings[0].fFuncRefs[kFront_Face] = stencilClipMask;
settings[0].fFuncRefs[kBack_Face] =
settings[0].fFuncRefs[kFront_Face];
break;
case SkRegion::kUnion_Op:
*numPasses = 2;
if (invertedFill) {
settings[0] = gInvUserToClipUnionPass0;
settings[0].fFuncMasks[kFront_Face] &= ~stencilClipMask;
settings[0].fFuncMasks[kBack_Face] =
settings[0].fFuncMasks[kFront_Face];
settings[0].fFuncRefs[kFront_Face] |= stencilClipMask;
settings[0].fFuncRefs[kBack_Face] =
settings[0].fFuncRefs[kFront_Face];
settings[0].fWriteMasks[kFront_Face] |= stencilClipMask;
settings[0].fWriteMasks[kBack_Face] =
settings[0].fWriteMasks[kFront_Face];
settings[1] = gInvUserToClipUnionPass1;
settings[1].fWriteMasks[kFront_Face] &= ~stencilClipMask;
settings[1].fWriteMasks[kBack_Face] &=
settings[1].fWriteMasks[kFront_Face];
} else {
settings[0] = gUserToClipUnionPass0;
settings[0].fFuncMasks[kFront_Face] &= ~stencilClipMask;
settings[0].fFuncRefs[kFront_Face] |= stencilClipMask;
settings[0].fFuncMasks[kBack_Face] =
settings[0].fFuncMasks[kFront_Face];
settings[0].fFuncRefs[kBack_Face] =
settings[0].fFuncRefs[kFront_Face];
settings[1] = gUserToClipUnionPass1;
settings[1].fFuncRefs[kFront_Face] |= stencilClipMask;
settings[1].fFuncRefs[kBack_Face] =
settings[1].fFuncRefs[kFront_Face];
}
break;
case SkRegion::kXOR_Op:
*numPasses = 2;
if (invertedFill) {
settings[0] = gInvUserToClipXorPass0;
settings[0].fFuncMasks[kFront_Face] &= ~stencilClipMask;
settings[0].fFuncMasks[kBack_Face] =
settings[0].fFuncMasks[kFront_Face];
settings[1] = gInvUserToClipXorPass1;
settings[1].fFuncRefs[kFront_Face] |= stencilClipMask;
settings[1].fFuncRefs[kBack_Face] =
settings[1].fFuncRefs[kFront_Face];
} else {
settings[0] = gUserToClipXorPass0;
settings[0].fFuncMasks[kFront_Face] &= ~stencilClipMask;
settings[0].fFuncMasks[kBack_Face] =
settings[0].fFuncMasks[kFront_Face];
settings[1] = gUserToClipXorPass1;
settings[1].fFuncRefs[kFront_Face] |= stencilClipMask;
settings[1].fFuncRefs[kBack_Face] =
settings[1].fFuncRefs[kFront_Face];
}
break;
case SkRegion::kDifference_Op:
*numPasses = 1;
settings[0] = invertedFill ? gInvUserToClipDiff : gUserToClipDiff;
settings[0].fFuncRefs[kFront_Face] |= stencilClipMask;
settings[0].fFuncRefs[kBack_Face] =
settings[0].fFuncRefs[kFront_Face];
break;
case SkRegion::kReverseDifference_Op:
if (invertedFill) {
*numPasses = 2;
settings[0] = gInvUserToClipRDiffPass0;
settings[0].fWriteMasks[kFront_Face] |= stencilClipMask;
settings[0].fWriteMasks[kBack_Face] =
settings[0].fWriteMasks[kFront_Face];
settings[1] = gInvUserToClipRDiffPass1;
settings[1].fWriteMasks[kFront_Face] &= ~stencilClipMask;
settings[1].fWriteMasks[kBack_Face] =
settings[1].fWriteMasks[kFront_Face];
} else {
*numPasses = 2;
settings[0] = gUserToClipRDiffPass0;
settings[0].fFuncMasks[kFront_Face] &= ~stencilClipMask;
settings[0].fFuncMasks[kBack_Face] =
settings[0].fFuncMasks[kFront_Face];
settings[0].fFuncRefs[kFront_Face] |= stencilClipMask;
settings[0].fFuncRefs[kBack_Face] =
settings[0].fFuncRefs[kFront_Face];
settings[1] = gUserToClipRDiffPass1;
settings[1].fFuncMasks[kFront_Face] |= stencilClipMask;
settings[1].fFuncRefs[kFront_Face] |= stencilClipMask;
settings[1].fFuncMasks[kBack_Face] =
settings[1].fFuncMasks[kFront_Face];
settings[1].fFuncRefs[kBack_Face] =
settings[1].fFuncRefs[kFront_Face];
}
break;
default:
SkFAIL("Unknown set op");
}
return false;
}
``` |
Greece competed at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, Japan, from 24 August to 5 September 2021.
Medalists
Archery
Women
Athletics
Men's track
Men's field
Women's field
Boccia
Grigoris Polychronidis, Anastasia Pyrgiotis and Anna Ntenta have all qualified for the Games..
Individual
Pairs and Teams
Cycling
Judo
Theodora Paschalidou has qualified for the Games.
Powerlifting
Men
Shooting
Greece entered one athletes into the Paralympic competition. Sotirios Galogavros successfully break the Paralympic qualification at the 2019 WSPS World Championships which was held in Sydney, Australia.
Swimming
Twelve Greek swimmers are qualified to compete.
Men
Women
Table tennis
Marios Chatzikyriakos has qualified for the Games.
Men
Wheelchair fencing
Vasilis Dounis and Panagiotis Triantafyllou have qualified for the Games.
Men
Wheelchair tennis
Greece qualified two players entries for wheelchair tennis. All of them qualified by the world rankings.
See also
Greece at the Paralympics
Greece at the 2020 Summer Olympics
References
Nations at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
2020
Summer Paralympics |
The 1973 South African Open was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Johannesburg, South Africa that was part of the 1973 Commercial Union Assurance Grand Prix. It was the 70th edition of the tournament and was held from 14 November through 27 November 1973. Jimmy Connors and Chris Evert won the singles titles.
Finals
Men's singles
Jimmy Connors defeated Arthur Ashe 6–4, 7–6, 6–3
Women's singles
Chris Evert defeated Evonne Goolagong 6–3, 6–3
Men's doubles
Arthur Ashe / Tom Okker defeated Lew Hoad / Robert Maud 6–2, 4–6, 6–2, 6–4
Women's doubles
Linky Boshoff / Ilana Kloss defeated Chris Evert / Virginia Wade 7–6, 2–6, 6–1
References
South African Open
South African Open (tennis)
Open
Sports competitions in Johannesburg
1970s in Johannesburg
November 1973 sports events in Africa |
Fatima al-Ashabi or Fatima al-'Ushbi (born 1959) is a Yemeni poet.
Works
Wahaj al-fajr [The Glow of Dawn], 1991
Innaha Fatima [She is Fatima], Baghdad, 2000.
References
External links
Le ciel meurt-il? by Fatima al-Ashabi
1959 births
Living people
Yemeni poets
Yemeni women poets |
Edward Jump (1831?-1883) was a French-American artist popular for his drawings and sketches in the United States during the mid-19th Century.
Biography
Jump was born in Paris, France, around 1831. His early life is not well documented, but he emigrated to California in 1852, attracted to the United States by the California Gold Rush. He traveled in the Western United States, returned to Paris for a short time and then back to the U.S.
While living in California, Jump, who was both a talented painter and cartoonist, made a living drawing commercial signs, painting portraits, and producing humorous cartoons of political figures for various publications.
He worked in many places around the state, but mostly in San Francisco; there he created labels for whiskey bottles, and caricatures of contemporary figures. The 1860 census listed him as a "portrait painter."
In 1864 he was living in the Montgomery Block, San Francisco.
Jump remained active in San Francisco until October 1865, when an earthquake occurred. After moving to Washington, DC, in 1868, Jump became somewhat renowned for his artistic merits as a portrait painter. It was there that he met and married a French performer from a touring opera company. By the 1870s, Jump and his wife had moved to New York City, where he worked as a comic illustrator. Later in the decade, Jump attempted to start an illustrated newspaper in Montreal. Following the failure of this venture, Jump moved frequently, first to New Orleans, then to Cincinnati and St Louis.
In 1875 and 1878 he lived in St. Louis, Missouri.
In 1878, while working on sketches of the New Orleans Mardi Gras for the Frank Leslie's Weekly, Jump was arrested on a charge of carrying a concealed weapon when a pistol fell from his pocket and discharged. He pleaded guilty and a judge sentenced him to ten minutes in the parish prison.
Jump was living in St. Louis in 1878 and assigned to make sketches for Frank Leslie's Weekly of the first Veiled Prophet Parade and Ball when he was hurt badly by two hoodlums who took a wallet, a ring, and sketches of the ball. Nevertheless, Jump was able to finish his drawing of the parade (above), and it was published in the Weekly.
Finally, in 1880, Jump and his wife settled in Chicago, where he was just able to make a living by producing circus and theatrical posters. He was living in Chicago in 1882.
Reputation
When Jump lived in San Francisco, California, in the 1860s, he was reputed to be the city's "favorite cartoonist." He roomed with Samuel Clemens, who wrote under the name Mark Twain. Michael G. Mattis of the Sacramento Bee wrote that Jump "had an eye for accurate detail, even when his aim was burlesque. One of the pleasures his audiences got from his drawings was that in crowd scenes it was always possible to recognize the faces of scores of notable San Franciscans."
Fellow artist Frank Bellew recalled that Jump once said of his career:
. . . one has to turn one's hand to everything. I draw caricatures for the bar-rooms, and do these big posters for the theaters, and make sketches for private individuals, and so on.
The Chicago Tribune said that Jump:
despite his dissolute habits, was possessed of no mean talent in his particular line. He never attempted much in the way of oil paintings of any very fine work, because he was too restless and nervous and lacked application. As a caricaturist, however, he was a wonderful success. Specimens of his work in this line are to be found in a thousand different places and in a score of large cities . . . .
A dispatch from St. Louis, Missouri, said that Jump:
was known as an eccentric character, but a fellow of some talent, and very apt at cartoons. Free and easy specimens of his work adorn the walls of several leading saloons and sporting headquarters. . . . Through his paintings[,] he was as well known as any man in the city.
Death
On April 21, 1883, Jump committed suicide by shooting himself in the head with a pistol, driven to depression by the state of his marriage, financial issues, and alcoholism. He died the next morning.
An article reporting Jump's death appeared in the Chicago Daily Tribune, on the day of his death.
The article described how Jump wrote two final letters, one addressed to his wife, and another to a lodge in St. Louis, where he was a member.
The letter to his wife read as follows:
The other read:
Jump's funeral took place two days after his death, and he was buried at Rosehill Cemetery, Chicago. He was survived by his wife and daughter.
Family
The woman with whom he was living in 1860 was named Rose Jump. He married Emily C. Rogers of Ireland on January 21, 1868, in the District of Columbia. She had been a prima donna with Napoleon's Italian opera company in Italy.
They had a daughter, born 1865.
Emily C. Jump was committed to a New York asylum 1in 1885 as a "helpless inebriate."
Gallery
References
Further reading
"Two Stray Dogs That Made the Headlines," This World magazine of the San Francisco Examiner, August 10, 1986, image 177 . Drawing by Edward Jump.
Mark Twain's San Francisco, edited with notes and introduction by Bernard Taper, illustrated with the cartoons of Edward Jump. 263 pp. McGraw-Hill.
External links
Gallery at the McCord Museum
American editorial cartoonists
1832 births
1883 deaths
French editorial cartoonists |
West Stow Anglo-Saxon Village is an archaeological site and an open-air museum located near to West Stow in Suffolk, eastern England. Evidence for intermittent human habitation at the site stretches from the Mesolithic through the Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age and Romano-British period, but it is best known for the small village that existed on the site between the mid-5th century and the early 7th century CE, during the early Anglo-Saxon period. During this time, around 70 sunken-featured buildings were constructed on the site, along with 8 halls and a number of other features. Subsequently, abandoned, the area became farmland in the Late Medieval period.
Antiquarian interest in the site began in 1849, when a nearby Anglo-Saxon cemetery was discovered. Subsequent excavations of Romano-British pottery kilns took place in the late 19th and mid-20th centuries, before the Anglo-Saxon settlement was revealed. The site was excavated between 1956 and 1972 by an archaeological team from the Ministry of Public Buildings and Works (MOPBW), led first by Vera Evison and then by Stanley West. Following the culmination of excavation, it was decided to reconstruct the village on the site, an experimental archaeological project which has been ongoing since 1974. In 1999, the site was opened to the public with a new visitor's centre, museum and cafe.
Location
West Stow Anglo-Saxon Village is located on the north bank of the River Lark, adjacent to the village of West Stow in the western part of Suffolk. Situated on a small hill in height, it would have been noticeably prominent in the surrounding landscape; this hill formed a "core" for a sand dune that developed around from wind-carried sand during the early 14th century and which sharply drops on the leeward side while gradually sloping on the windward side. The steep southern slope is accentuated by a ditch at its base, which marks the edge of the river's flood plain.
The surrounding landscape as it appears today is radically different from the landscape that would have surrounded the area in the Iron Age and Early Medieval periods. The land to the north and east of the West Stow Anglo-Saxon village has been heavily modified during the construction of the Bury sewage farms, with the north-east corner of the site having been partly destroyed by a gravel pit in the 1950s. By the mid-1980s, the rubbish dumps that surrounded the site had been converted into a Country Park, with the landscape being regenerated with sedge, grass, birch and oak. The site of the settlement is also bisected by a row of pine trees that had been planted in the 19th century.
The solid geology of the Lark Valley is chalk, with patches of boulder clay that forms a high plateau capped with sands and gravels in West Stow and Icklingham. The site is seven miles west from the town of Bury St. Edmunds.
Prehistoric settlement
The site at West Stow has shown evidence of human habitation throughout British prehistory. Indeed, the wider Lark Valley contains the greatest known concentration of prehistoric settlements in the region of East Anglia.
Mesolithic
Excavation at West Stow has discovered evidence for hunter-gatherers living in the area during the Mesolithic, or "Middle Stone Age" period. Temporarily camping on the knoll, they left behind them five or six dense concentrations of Sauveterrian-style waste lithic flakes, blades, cores and other stone implements. Similar scatters of Mesolithic worked flints have been found across the valley area.
Neolithic and Bronze Ages
Grooved ware and petit tranchet-style arrowheads dating from the Neolithic Age have been found in a field adjacent to the West Stow site.
Anglo-Saxon settlement
During the early Anglo-Saxon period, West Stow was the site of a small village made up of timber buildings. Archaeological excavation of the site unearthed evidence for a variety of different constructions and areas at West Stow: 69 sunken-featured buildings (SFBs), alongside 7 post-hole buildings interpreted as halls, traces of several lesser structures, a reserve area for clay, 2 large hollows or animal pens, pits, various unassociated post holes and several 7th century boundary ditches. The Anglo-Saxon village showed no signs of the development of property boundaries until the last phase of occupation. There was no evidence that the settlement was defended by fortifications.
Sunken-featured buildings
The majority of structures built at West Stow belonged to a category of what the excavators called "sunken-featured buildings" (SFBs), a term first coined by Professor Philip Rahtz. In previous decades, buildings in this style had been known as "pit houses", "sunken houses" or "grubenhauser" (), but site director Stanley West noted that Rahtz's terminology had been adopted because it was "less contentious" and provided "a non-functional description." Seventy such sunken-featured buildings were recorded at the site.
Halls
The other category of building uncovered at West Stow consisted of seven larger structures held up by wooden posts which left behind postholes; the excavators interpreted these as halls. Five of these buildings were located along the central spine of the hill, with the other two being positioned on the north side and south side respectively. All of the buildings were roughly positioned east to west, although the hall on the north slope was instead orientated north-west to south-east.
Four of the halls are simple, rectangular areas which are defined by their single row of post holes. Another, Hall No. 2, was more complex than the others, having an internal division and double post-holes along the length. No. 7 was also different because it was built from a sleeper beam and larger post holes, while Hall No. 5 cannot be clearly defined because it lay in area that had seen multiple features rebuilt on top of it.
Hall 1 was located on the eastern end of the site, and survived as the most clearly defined of the post-built structures. in length and in breadth, there are gaps in the south and east side walls, suggesting the existence of two doorways. No hearth was found, although a patch of burnt sand, in diameter, was found in the centre of the hall. No objects were found within the building, although four were uncovered from the post-holes: a Roman bronze coin from the era of Emperor Valens, a flat iron strip, a flat palette and a fragment of a pottery spindle-whorl.
Hall 2, which was probably the largest of the structures, was located on the crest of the hill, surrounded by SFBs. in length and in width, there was a partition down the eastern side of the building, creating a chamber wide. East of the hall's centre was a patch of burnt sand, marking the position of a hearth. The position of the doorway is not entirely clear, although excavators believed that it was most likely on the south side, close to the partitioning wall. Items discovered in Hall 2 included a Roman bronze coin from the era of the Emperor Victorinus, bronze and iron strips, a bone pin, fragments of both glass and a loomweight, as well as a variety of iron objects, including a knife, nail, plate and key.
The incomplete Hall 3, on the same axis as Halls 1 and 2, was akin in shape and size to the former, but much of its south side had been obliterated by the subsequent construction of other buildings on that site. Fifteen items were found in the interior of the Hall, including three bronze Roman objects; a coin from the era of Emperor Constantine I, a ligula and a dolphin brooch, as well as fragments of glass, a spindlewhorl, and a series of iron objects. Also on this axis was Hall 4, which was also heavily obscured by later building, but it appeared to cover an area at least long and wide. Only three finds were discovered from within it; a Roman bronze coin from the era of Emperor Crispus, a Roman glass fragment and a triangular bone comb.
Hall 5 was located on the south-eastern corner of the settlement, on the lowest slope of the hill. Like with several other of the halls, its plan has been obscured by subsequent buildings constructed on the site, although a large number of postholes and three hearths were uncovered; this has led excavators to believe that there had been two halls on that site, one known as 5A and the other as 5B. Finds from the buildings included a number of items made out of bronze, iron and bone.
Hall 6 was at the far western end of the hill, along as the same east-to-west axis as Halls 1, 2, 3 and 4. At least long and wide, the structure was apparently relatively weak in design, and within it was discovered a Roman bronze spoon, and two iron objects, one of which was possibly a small chisel. Hall 7 contained a dark layer of material at the occupation layer, with finds including a variety of stones, bones and sherds, along with much burnt daub, unburnt clay mixed with chalk and a broken Anglo-Saxon pot. It has been interpreted as being 37 ft 6in in length and 25 ft 9in in diameter, making it the largest of the halls at West Stow. It was subject to various possible interpretations, although represented the most sophisticated building at West Stow, involving a more advanced technique than that shown for many of the other constructions. Artefacts found at the site included a number of Roman bronze coins, and a variety of bronze, iron, glass and bone artefacts.
Other features
A number of post-built structures were uncovered at the West Stow Anglo-Saxon settlement which were too small to be interpreted as Halls. These postholes tended to be clustered together, suggesting the possibility that they may have been used to repair small structures. No evidence of fencing was found on any of these structures, which were labelled Buildings 8 through to 14 by the excavators.
At the site, four large areas of grey, disturbed soil were uncovered, three of which were in the eastern side of the settlement. Stratigraphically dated to the Anglo-Saxon period, they all contained a number of small potsherds, with Hollows 1 and 4 also containing a number of bronze and iron objects. The purpose of these Hollows is unknown, although chief excavator Stanley West speculated that they may have represented animal pens which were once surrounded by a form of hurdling or light fencing, traces of which have not survived.
79 pits at the site were also dated to the Anglo-Saxon period, with a further 20 possibles also being identified. This latter group included 12 pits forming a separate group, each of which was rectangular in shape, vertically sided, flat bottomed, and containing a buff sand filling. Their purposes remain unknown.
In the final phase of settlement at the site, it is evident that several ditches were dug, often containing fragments of Ipswich ware and other artefacts. Those ditches dug on the village's western sector appeared to have been used to define certain areas of the settlement, while those on the eastern side serve no apparent functional purpose.
Artefacts
Environmental evidence
Modern history
Excavation: 1849–1976
The first excavations to take place in the vicinity of the West Stow village were undertaken in 1849, when an Anglo-Saxon cemetery was accidentally discovered on the nearby heath, and "skeletons and numerous urns" were found. Finds discovered at the cemetery would be collected by a number of locals until 1852. These included John Gwilt of Icklingham, Reverend S. Banks of Dullingham and the Reverend E.R. Benyon of Culford, who at the time was the proprietor of the heath. None of them ever seem to have publicly suggested that there may have been an Anglo-Saxon settlement nearby. In 1879, and then again in the 1890s, a local amateur archaeologist named Henry Prigg of Icklingham identified and excavated several Romano-British pottery kilns on the heat, although no accurate records from this excavation have survived. In 1940, the archaeologist Basil Brown (1888–1977), best known for having excavated the Anglo-Saxon ship burial at Sutton Hoo in the 1930s, discovered two further Romano-British pottery kilns at the site. He proceeded to excavate them in 1947, and they were sampled for archaeo-magnetic purposes by Dr John Belshé of the Department of Geodosy and Geophysics at the University of Cambridge.
The man responsible for initiating the archaeological investigation of the Anglo-Saxon village was Stanley West, who had first become interested in Anglo-Saxon England when working as an assistant at the Ipswich Museum. In 1947, he joined the West Stow excavation being run by Brown that unearthed two Romano-British pottery kilns. During this investigation, it became clear to the excavators that there had also been a later Anglo-Saxon settlement on the site, evidenced by the finding of early Anglo-Saxon potsherds in rabbit-burrow scrapes over the area and then the discovery of the section of a hut in the site's north-eastern corner. Proceeding to publish his findings on the kilns in 1952, West went on to excavate Anglo-Saxon areas of Ipswich for the MOPBW alongside studying archaeology in an academic capacity at the University of Cambridge. In April 1958, he attended a conference on early Anglo-Saxon pottery in Norwich that was organised by the Council for British Archaeology. Here, he met Professor Vera Evison of Birkbeck College, London, and posed the question to her as to why archaeologists had so far focused on the excavation of Anglo-Saxon cemeteries rather than settlements; she replied that the latter were far harder to detect than the former. In response, West informed her about the Anglo-Saxon potsherds that had emerged at West Stow, and intrigued, she soon began excavating at the site for the Ministry of Public Building and Works (MOPBW).
Meanwhile, inspired by Mary Leakey's discoveries in Olduvai Gorge, West traveled to Eastern Africa to excavate at the Tanganyikan city of Dar Es Salaam, only returning to England five years later, in 1965. Here, Evison and John Hurst, Inspector of the MOPBW asked him to take charge of the West Stow excavation, which he agreed to. Over the next 7 years he opened up an area of approximately ¾ of an acre each season. Funded by the MOPBW, West hoped to excavate as much of the site as possible, but ultimately, the excavation remained restrained to the settlement site, not exploring the surrounding field systems, an idea proposed by Dr. Van Es, Head of the Dutch Archaeological Service. The excavation was undertaken by a team of site supervisors and six builders' labourers, aided by roughly 30 volunteers drawn from both universities and the local area.
The top stratigraphic layer on the site, a sediment of blown sand known as Layer 1, was removed by backhoe, exposing the old ground surface (Layer 2) beneath it. Evidence of late medieval ridge-and-furrow ploughing was found in this layer, and dated through the discovery of 13th century pottery. Layer 2 consisted largely of a very dark soil that was removed primarily by backhoe. Below this was revealed the layers in which the Anglo-Saxon village had been constructed. Towards the end of the final season, the excavators at West Stow made use of the pioneering system of retrieving seeds and plant remains by flotation, which had just been developed by archaeologists at the University of Cambridge.
Reconstruction: 1977–present
The St Edmundsbury District Council planned to turn the area into a rubbish dump servicing the city of Bury St. Edmunds following the culmination of excavation, a decision that was reviewed annually. Eventually they decided against this decision, forming the West Stow Saxon Village Trust, an experimental archaeological group, in order to reconstruct some of the Anglo-Saxon buildings in the hope of learning more about Anglo-Saxon building techniques and architecture. The work was undertaken by a group of undergraduate students from Cambridge University who called themselves the West Stow Environmental Archaeology Group. These experimental reconstructions ensured that they only made use of woodworking techniques and technologies that would have been available in Anglo-Saxon England.
One of the halls excavated at West Stow also provided the basis for a reconstruction erected at the Bishops Wood Environmental Centre near Stourport-on-Severn in Worcestershire; known as "Saxon Hall", it took four years to build, and was used to teach local schoolchildren about life in the Early Medieval. It burned down in 2008 when an ember from a cooking fire set the building alight; John Rhymer, Head of Bishops Wood Centre, told press that he and his team were "devastated". However, the Hall was rebuilt over the following two years at a cost of £34,000. At its official reopening on 21 January 2011, the Anglo-Saxonist Stephen Pollington gave a speech in Old English while a historical reenactor, Paul Mortimer, appeared in character as Raedwald, King of East Anglia. Other attendees included Terry Herbert, who had discovered the Staffordshire Hoard in 2009, members of the Kidderminster Art Society and children on a school trip from Northleigh Manor School in Oxfordshire.
The fan-made short film Born of Hope (2009), a prequel to the J.R.R. Tolkien-based inspired movie trilogy The Lord of the Rings, was largely filmed in West Stow Anglo-Saxon Village.
The 1999 ITV Sitcom Dark Ages was also filmed at the village.
Images
See also
Butser Ancient Farm
Flag Fen
References
Footnotes
Bibliography
External links
West Stow Anglo-Saxon Village - official site
Experimental archaeology
Museums in Suffolk
Open-air museums in England
Anglo-Saxon sites in England
Archaeological sites in Suffolk |
The King's University is a private evangelical university in Southlake, Texas.
History
The King's University was founded by Jack W. Hayford with The Church on the Way as The King’s College and Seminary, in Van Nuys, (San Fernando Valley), California, in 1997. In 2012, the school changed its name to become "The King's University" and opened a campus in Southlake, Texas sponsored by Gateway Church (Texas). In 2013, the main campus and administration left California and permanently moved to Southlake.
References
External links
Evangelicalism in California
Evangelical universities and colleges in the United States
Pentecostalism in California
Universities and colleges in Los Angeles County, California
Evangelicalism in Texas
Evangelical seminaries and theological colleges in the United States
Universities and colleges accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
Seminaries and theological colleges in Texas
Universities and colleges in Dallas
Educational institutions established in 1997 |
South East Queensland has a large passenger and freight railway network centred on Brisbane, the capital city of the Australian state of Queensland. Suburban and interurban passenger services in the region are operated by Queensland Rail, which also operates long-distance trains across the state. Aurizon and Pacific National operate freight services.
Queensland Rail operates ten suburban and three interurban lines in South East Queensland, which are all electrified. Centred in the Brisbane central business district, the network extends as far as Gympie in the north, Varsity Lakes in the south, Rosewood in the west, and Cleveland in the east to Moreton Bay.
Each line is ascribed a colour and name on all Queensland Rail signage and marketing collateral including timetables, posters and maps. There are 153 stations on the South East Queensland rail network. Queensland Rail refers to the network by two different names, either as the 'South East Queensland (SEQ) network' or the 'Citytrain network'. Rail services and ticketing are co-ordinated by the Queensland government agency Translink.
Queensland Rail’s trains had 42.86 million boardings in the 2022–23 financial year, giving the SEQ rail network the fourth highest patronage out of Australia's suburban rail networks, behind that of Perth.
In addition to the suburban heavy rail network, a 20km light rail line called G:Link operates in the Gold Coast.
History
Construction
The first railway in Queensland did not actually run to Brisbane, but ran from Ipswich to Grandchester. Opened in July 1865, the line into Brisbane was not completed until the opening of the Albert Bridge in July 1875. Branch lines in the city itself did not start until the next decade, with the branch line to Sandgate opened in May 1882, and the branch from Eagle Junction to Racecourse in September the same year.
Lines were opened from Brisbane to Sandgate and Ascot in 1882. The first section of the North Coast line opened to Petrie in 1888. In 1891 this line was connected to the Maryborough line at Gympie, creating a through line to Mount Perry. A branch line was built from Caboolture to Woodford in 1909 and Kilcoy in 1913, now closed. A branch line was opened from Monkland (south of Gympie) to Brooloo in 1915. A line was opened from the first South Brisbane station at Stanley Street, Woolloongabba to Beenleigh in 1885, and extended to Southport in 1889 and Tweed Heads, New South Wales in 1903. This line was closed beyond Beenleigh in 1964.
A branch line was completed between Park Road station and Cleveland in 1889, although the section beyond Lota station was closed and since reconstructed. A new South Brisbane station was built on Melbourne Street in 1891. This became the terminus of the standard gauge line from Grafton in 1930 and Sydney in 1932. A dual gauge line was built from South Brisbane over the Brisbane River to Roma Street in 1978. A line was opened in 1980 from a junction near Lindum station on the Cleveland line to the Port of Brisbane at Fisherman's Island. This was converted to dual 1435/1067 mm gauge and extended in parallel with the duplicated passenger line to Dutton Park in about 1995 under the Keating government's One Nation program.
The Beaudesert line was opened between Bethania and Beaudesert in 1888, and closed in 1996. The Canungra line was completed to Canungra in 1915, now closed. The line from extended from Roma Street to Central stations in 1889, and to Brunswick Street station in 1890. The Ferny Grove line was opened from a junction at Mayne to Enoggera in 1899. The short Laidley Valley railway lines opened on 19 April 1911 but was never profitable.
Electrification
A start on electrification of the suburban network was approved in 1950 but a change of state government in 1957 saw the scheme abandoned in 1959. It was not until the 1970s that electrification was again brought up, with contracts let in 1975. The first part of the new electric system from Darra to Ferny Grove opened on 17 November 1979. The network was completed by 1988, with a number of extensions made since and additional rolling stock purchased. Services were initially operated under the Queensland Rail brand, with the Citytrain name established in 1995.
Duplication
To increase the capacity on a number of lines, the rail network in Brisbane has required some tracks to be duplicated. In June 2004, Queensland Government announced rail duplication of the Gold Coast line between Ormeau and Coomera stations. Between 2008 and 2010, work was carried out to duplicate the tracks between Darra and Corinda stations. Work included a link to the Springfield line and upgrades to Oxley and Darra stations. In 2010, funding was allocated for the duplication of the rail line between Keperra to Ferny Grove.
Increased capacity
Beenleigh line
A third track was laid between Salisbury and Kuraby stations, a length of . Previously two tracks, the added capacity allows Gold Coast line services to operate with less chance of delays. Seven railway stations along the section were significantly upgraded. The project was commissioned on 2 March 2008.
Ferny Grove line
A second track was laid between Mitchelton and Keperra railway station, including an upgrade to the intermediate stations, Oxford Park and Grovely. Upgraded with two platforms, this upgrade allows additional services to operate on the line during peak hour, and will also remove waiting times outbound from Mitchelton and inbound from Keperra. Other improvements include lifts and footbridges, to meet the Disability Standards for Accessible Public Transport, and new, modern station buildings. The further duplication of the railway between Keperra and Ferny Grove stations, plus an additional platform and parking at Ferny Grove has been completed.
Gold Coast line
The line between Ormeau and Coomera stations, in length, was duplicated in October 2006, allowing for additional capacity. Similarly, the length between Helensvale and Robina stations was duplicated in July 2008, removing the need for a four-minute layover at Helensvale for Robina services to wait for the Brisbane service due to the single track either side of the station.
Ipswich line
of track between Corinda and Darra stations was quadruplicated. Previously four tracks to Corinda then two to Ipswich, the quadruplication allowed for greater capacity, especially with the Springfield railway line branching from Darra station.
Sunshine Coast line
of track north of Caboolture station to Beerburrum station has been duplicated and re-aligned, along with the construction of stations at Elimbah and Beerburrum. Construction work began in 2007, and the project was commissioned on 14 April 2009.
From Beerburrum station, of track to Landsborough is proposed to be similarly duplicated and re-aligned. This project is in planning stage, with construction scheduled to begin in 2020.
Recent extensions
Airport line
The Airport rail line opened to passengers in May 2001. Under a BOOT scheme – build, own, operate and transfer – the Queensland Government licensed Airtrain Citylink to build the rail line, to own and operate it, and hand the entire infrastructure over to the Queensland Government after 35 years when the company will then cease to exist. Airtrain Citylink contracted Transfield Services to build, operate and maintain the line and finally Airtrain Citylink contracted Queensland Rail to provide rolling stock for the rail line.
Gold Coast line
In July 2007, Queensland Government announced the rail extension for the Gold Coast line. The first stage was completed in 2009 which took the line to Varsity Lakes. It was later proposed to take the line to Tallebudgera but it didn't happen. This is the first stage of the proposed progressive extension of the line to the Gold Coast Airport. Further extension of the line including proposed stations at Tallebudgera, Elanora and Tugun is expected to be constructed after the completion of the Cross River Rail project.
A light rail line, G:link, on the Gold Coast opened in July 2014.
Springfield line
The Springfield railway line is a line extending from Darra railway station on the Ipswich line to the Springfield area. The extension of the network had a total cost of $475 million and was completed in December 2013.
Redcliffe Peninsula line
The Redcliffe Peninsula railway line (previously known as the Moreton Bay Rail link) is a suburban railway line extending north-northwest from Brisbane central business district (approximately from Central station. The line is part of the QR Citytrain network, branching from the existing Caboolture line immediately after Petrie railway station, and extend to the Redcliffe peninsula. It was more seriously identified and anticipated in the 1970s, and the land was purchased in the 1980s although the line was not built. Construction commenced in 2013 and the line was opened to passengers on 4 October 2016.
Future
A number of upgrades and extensions are planned or under construction for the rail network in South East Queensland. The Maroochydore railway line is proposed to branch off the North Coast line at Beerwah and operate via Caloundra to Maroochydore.
In 2011, the Queensland Government released a major transport plan Connecting SEQ 2031, which aimed to double public transport usage in South East Queensland. It proposed a number of service upgrades and rail extensions, including Cross River Rail, the Gold Coast light rail, a new high frequency Brisbane subway in the central city from Toowong to Bowen Hills, and a new North-west rail line branching from Cross River Rail at Alderley to Strathpine.
Cross River Rail
On 26 August 2007, the then-Minister for Transport and Main Roads, Paul Lucas, announced the Inner City Rail Capacity Study to look at underground rail access under the Brisbane central business district. Dismissing a City Loop-style scenario similar to Melbourne, citing the relatively small size of the CBD and "technical and operational constraints", Lucas imagined an underground line from Park Road station to Woolloongabba, then across the Brisbane River to connect with the Exhibition railway line, with major new stations at Woolloongabba, Gardens Point/QUT, and in the CBD. The study also investigated the feasibility of the Exhibition line operating all year with new stations, and the upgrading of existing lines with additional tracks. Lucas allocated A$5 million to the study and appointed AECOM and Parsons Brinckerhoff as consultants to "look at options for boosting rail capacity in the city centre, including potential for an underground tunnel".
This project, Cross River Rail, is now under construction and scheduled to open to the public in early 2026.
In 2017, work began on a second rail river crossing for Brisbane as the Merivale Bridge nears capacity. The project includes just under six kilometres of new underground rail, three new underground stations at Boggo Road, Woolloongabba and Albert Street, new underground platforms at Roma Street station, and an upgrade to the existing Exhibition station. The new inner-city route will be used by the New Generation Rollingstock.
Lines and services
Queensland Rail operates ten suburban and three interurban rail lines across South East Queensland, centred on the Brisbane central business district. Lines that share a colour connect through the central city. The Exhibition line is a special events service connecting the Brisbane Showgrounds. Note that some stations are counted multiple times on this list.
RailBus services
Translink operates several bus routes along corridors on behalf of QR where the railway line has been closed to passenger traffic or supplements low-patronage lines at specific times of the day.
To relieve congestion on the single track North Coast line north of Beerburrum, the rail service is supplemented by a bus service operated by Kangaroo Bus Lines on weekdays between Caboolture and Nambour as route 649.
Stations
There are 153 stations on the South East Queensland rail network. The four Brisbane city stations — Roma Street, Brisbane Central, Fortitude Valley and Bowen Hills — are served by all suburban and interurban lines and together form the core of the network.
Operators
Passenger
Suburban and interurban passenger services are operated under the Citytrain brand of Queensland Rail, and are co-ordinated by Translink. Long-distance passenger services operate from Roma Street around the state under the Traveltrain brand, while an interstate service to Sydney is operated by New South Wales operator NSW TrainLink using its XPT fleet.
In a city with a population of 2 million, passenger traffic on the suburban network doubled in the 10 years from 1979 to 1989 to reach 50 million journeys a year in 1989, and by 1992 it had increased by another 10%.In June 2009 as part the split of Queensland Rail's commuter rail and the freight business, The Citytrain brand was dropped in favour of using the redesigned Queensland Rail brand. Since then most traces of the Citytrain brand have been removed from rolling stock and station signage.
On 8 March 2017, the Queensland Government released a report called "Fixing the trains: a high-level implementation plan to transform rail in Queensland" This report officially resurrected the Citytrain network naming for the first time since the split. Since this report, the Citytrain brand has slowly made its way back into reports. This brand re-emergence does not seem to be a controlled and deliberate action, but rather appeared in the report due to the Citytrain brand being well known amongst many within the Brisbane area. The report unofficially initiated a return of the Citytrain branding, and established the Citytrain Response Unit to respond to the plan.
Freight
Aurizon operates the majority of freight services on both the standard and narrow gauges, with Pacific National on the standard gauge and their narrow gauge Pacific National Queensland division also operating services.
The main rail freight terminal is in the southern Brisbane suburb of Acacia Ridge, located off the Beenleigh suburban line at the northern end of the line from New South Wales. A freight line was opened from Acacia Ridge to Fishermans Island and the Port of Brisbane in 1980, running alongside the Beenleigh line from Salisbury to Dutton Park, then follows the Cleveland line to Lindum. Dual gauge access on the line was promised by the Federal Fraser government in 1983, but it was not until 1997 that the work was carried out, eliminating the break-of-gauge and enabling trains to run direct from the port across the New South Wales border.
Approximately four million tonnes of freight is moved from outside South East Queensland to points within it; 1.1 million tonnes was to interstate destinations. One of the largest internal traffic flows is the movement of coal along the Western Line to the Swanbank Power Station and the Port of Brisbane.
The Fisherman Islands intermodal terminal was opened in 1994. Other rail freight terminals have been located at South Brisbane, Park Road, Yeerongpilly, Clapham, and Salisbury.
Fares and ticketing
The South East Queensland rail network structures its fares according to Translink's eight pricing zones. The system has integrated ticketing with public transport throughout South East Queensland using the contactless fare payment card called go card. The card requires passengers to touch the card on a card reader at the start and end of each journey, and when transferring between services.
Fleet
All of the Queensland Rail City Network rolling stock is electric and air conditioned.
Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) – 28 in service (88 built)
Suburban Multiple Unit (SMU)
200 Series (SMU200) – 12 in service (12 built)
220 Series (SMU220) – 30 in service (30 built)
260 Series (SMU260) – 36 in service (36 built)
Interurban Multiple Unit (IMU)
100 Series (IMU100) – 10 in service (10 built)
120 Series (IMU120) – 4 in service (4 built)
160 Series (IMU160) – 28 in service (28 built)
New Generation Rollingstock
700 Series – 75 in service
Rollingstock Expansion Project (Planned)
20–65 new EMUs manufactured by Downer/Hyundai Rotem
All trains are electric multiple units with a driver cabin at both ends, with the exception of EMU60 through EMU79 having a cab at one end. These units also had only 3 powered bogies (per 3 car set) compared to the 4 powered bogie arrangement for the remaining EMUs. The last of these units, EMU78, was scrapped in August 2020. All EMU, SMU and IMU units consist of 3 cars, giving a fleet total of 621 cars, plus the 20 ICE cars. The ICE units are usually configured as five car trains.
Suburban trains are occasionally scheduled on interurban lines if other toilet equipped rolling stock is not available. While using suburban trains on interurban lines increases operational flexibility, the trains are not provided with the facilities of the IMU, ICE or NGR units, such as toilets or high-backed seats.
The 260 Series SMU, 160 Series IMU and the NGR all come with free Wi-Fi on board. The Wi-Fi usage is limited to 20MB.
75 new six-car New Generation Rollingstock trains were ordered in January 2014 and were delivered between late 2015 and late 2019. A new maintenance facility for these trains was built at Wulkuraka. The first NGR entered service on 11 December 2017.
To keep up with projected passenger increases, the procurement of 20 new electric trains was announced in 2020, with TMR considering the option of ordering an additional 45 electric trains, potentially adding up to 65 new electric trains in the next decade.
Closed lines
Beaudesert line – Bethania to Beaudesert.
Beaudesert Shire Tramway – Beaudesert to Lamington and Rathdowney, operated by the Beaudesert Shire.
Belmont Tramway – Norman Park to Belmont, variously operated by the Belmont Shire, Queensland Railways and Brisbane City Council.
Bulimba line – Brunswick Street to Newstead.
Canungra line – Logan Village to Canungra.
Pinkenba line – Doomben to Pinkenba.
South Coast line – Beenleigh to Southport and Tweed Heads.
Wooloongabba line – Dutton Park to Stanley Street and South Brisbane wharves.
Further reading
The Suburban Railways of Brisbane. Knowles, J. Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin, February to September, 1964
References
Transport in Brisbane
Transport on the Gold Coast, Queensland
South East Queensland
Rail transport in Queensland |
Elvin Aliyev may refer to:
Elvin Aliyev (footballer, born 1984)
Elvin Aliyev (footballer, born 2000) |
The Boyce–Sneed feud was a conflict in early twentieth-century Texas between two wealthy cattlemen: John Beal Sneed and Albert Boyce Jr. It began in late 1911, when Lenora (Lena) Snyder Sneed left her husband, John, for a relationship with Boyce. Sneed sought revenge for the sake of his honor and his home, which resulted in the deaths of seven men within the year.
Background
The Sneeds were a wealthy family of cattle ranchers who lived in the Fort Worth, Texas, area. By 1911, the Sneeds had been married for over ten years and had two daughters.
In October 1911, after his wife informed him that she had been involved in a relationship with Boyce and wanted a divorce, Sneed had her placed in an asylum. (A diagnosis of "moral insanity" was a common practice for adulterous women at the time.) However, in the month following her incarceration, Boyce "rescued" her, and the two fled to Winnipeg, Canada.
Sneed's response to his wife's "kidnapping" by Boyce triggered a "bizarre series of events that symbolized the tenacity of frontier justice in west Texas in the early twentieth century." Initially, Sneed informed the police and succeeded in having Boyce and Mrs. Sneed arrested. She was released into the custody of her father, Tom Snyder, who owned a ranch in New Mexico Territory, but she later returned to Fort Worth to be with her husband. Sneed hoped to see Boyce sent to prison on charges of kidnapping. However, after the charges were dropped, he decided to take the law into his own hands.
The feud
The first death in the conflict occurred on January 13, 1912, when John B. Sneed killed Albert Boyce Sr., who was a banker and a former manager of the XIT Ranch. Boyce was unarmed, and Sneed shot him in the back while they were standing inside the lobby of Fort Worth's Metropolitan Hotel. During the ensuing trial, Sneed alleged that Boyce Sr. had assisted his son in "breaking up [his] home." The trial was sensationalized by newspapers as "the greatest legal battle ever fought in Texas Courts."
Sneed's well-paid legal team managed to secure a mistrial. After the mistrial was announced, an angry mob attacked the courthouse, but was repulsed. An article written by Thomas H. Thompson for The New Handbook of Texas states: "Four men were killed outside the courthouse, and women fought with hatpins in the courthouse halls and even in the courtroom."
More violence
On March 6, 1912, Sneed's father, Joseph, was shot in the back and killed by a tenant farmer, R. O. Hillard, as he was walking down a street in Georgetown, Texas. According to Bartee Haile, a Texas historian, immediately after shooting the elder Sneed, Hillard committed suicide. In his pocket was found a letter that said; "My mind has failed me. J.T. Sneed is the cause of it. I am going to take revenge this way and then go to the asylum."
Sneed thought the Boyce family had something to do with his father's death. When Boyce Jr. returned to Amarillo, Texas later that year, Sneed was waiting in disguise. On September 14, 1912, Sneed attacked Boyce in front of the Polk Street Methodist Church, shooting him three times with a shotgun. Boyce was killed before he could defend himself. Sneed then walked to the courthouse and surrendered to the Potter County sheriff. One of the witnesses who watched as Sneed surrendered was the young school teacher Georgia O'Keeffe.
On the day after Boyce's death, friends and relatives of both factions began assembling in Amarillo. It seemed as though more bloodshed would ensue, but the would-be combatants dispersed after Sneed posted bail.
Trials
Sneed was retried for killing Boyce Sr. before also being tried for killing the latter's son. He was acquitted both times, with the juries declaring the shootings justifiable homicides. Sneed became somewhat of a folk hero among Texans, but newspaper reporters from outside of the state regarded the shootings as cold-blooded murder. When reporters demanded a reason for the acquittal in the murder of Al Boyce Jr., the jury foreman, James D. Crane, responded by saying; "The best answer is because this is Texas. We believe [that] in Texas a man has the right and the obligation to safeguard the honor of his home, even if he must kill the person responsible."
Aftermath
After the trials, the Sneeds moved to Paducah, Texas, where they owned a ranch and a cotton farm. Mr. Sneed was also involved in land speculation. In October 1922, he was found guilty in a federal court of having bribed a juror who had been involved in one of his land deals. Sneed was sentenced to two years at Leavenworth, Kansas, by Judge James C. Wilson.
While in prison, Sneed's son-in-law, Wood Barton, was killed by a grocer, C. B. Berry, over a $28 debt. Although arrested, Berry was eventually acquitted. After Sneed was released from prison, he sought to avenge his daughter's loss of her husband. During two separate encounters in the streets of Paducah, separated by several months, Sneed and Berry shot each other numerous times. None of the wounds proved fatal. In early 1924, in yet another instance of frontier justice, both men were acquitted of having shot the other.
The Sneeds left Paducah and moved to Dallas, where they invested in an oilfield – they remained in Dallas for the next thirty years. Sneed died of cancer on April 22, 1960; His wife, Lena, died six years later, on March 6, 1966. They are interred side by side at Hillcrest Cemetery in Dallas.
See also
List of feuds in the United States
References
Further reading
Dallas Morning News, January 14, 1912 edition, February 8, 1912 edition
Clara Sneed, Because This is Texas: An Account of the Sneed-Boyce Feud (Panhandle-Plains Historical Review), Panhandle-Plains Historical Society(1999)
Feuds in Texas
1911 in Texas
1912 in Texas
Conflicts in 1911
Conflicts in 1912
1910s crimes in Texas |
Subang Jaya is a city in Petaling District, Selangor, Malaysia. It comprises the southern third district of Petaling. It consists of the neighbourhoods from SS12 to SS19, UEP Subang Jaya (USJ), Putra Heights, Batu Tiga as well as PJS7, PJS9 and PJS11 of Bandar Sunway, the latter of which are partially jurisdictional within Petaling Jaya under the MBPJ. The city is governed by Subang Jaya City Council (MBSJ), which also governs other areas of the Petaling district, such as Puchong and Seri Kembangan. According to Subang Jaya City Council, Subang Jaya has a population of 968,930 in 2020, which makes it the sixth largest city in Malaysia by population.
History
Before 1974, what is today Subang Jaya was part of Klang District. Development on Subang Jaya began on 21 February 1976 and was concluded in 1988 by Sime UEP Properties Berhad, the property development arm of the Malaysian conglomerate Sime Darby. The site was formerly a rubber plantation called Seafield Estate under the municipality of Petaling Jaya. Upon completion of Subang Jaya in the same year, Sime UEP began clearing land for the development of USJ. In 1999, Sime UEP began the development of Putra Heights which is located on the southern end of Subang Jaya.
In 1997, Subang Jaya received the status of a municipality, elevating the Petaling District Council to Subang Jaya Municipal Council. The municipal comprise the areas administered by the former Petaling District Council, as well as some areas transferred from Petaling Jaya, Puchong and Shah Alam. This means that the MPSJ municipal holds local government authority not only in the Subang Jaya city centre, but also USJ, Putra Heights, Batu Tiga, Bandar Sunway, Puchong, Bandar Kinrara, Seri Kembangan, and Balakong. In parliamentary terms, Subang Jaya's municipal area covers the parliamentary constituency of Puchong and Subang in its entirety, as well as parts of Kota Raja which mainly cover Putra Heights. On the west side of Subang Jaya, Batu Tiga covers areas like Subang Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Taman Mutiara Subang, Taman Subang Mas and Tropicana Metropark. Subang Jaya city itself lies within the Subang constituency, while Seri Kembangan and Puchong fall within the Puchong constituency. In Dec 2019, it was officially announced that Subang Jaya's municipality will be upgraded to a city council after a long 5-year wait since MPSJ's application in 2014.
Governance
Since 2013, the Dewan Rakyat parliamentary constituency of (P104, formerly as Kelana Jaya) is represented by Wong Chen of the Pakatan Harapan-People's Justice Party (PKR) while the Selangor State Assembly seat of Subang Jaya is represented by Michelle Ng Mei Sze from the Pakatan Harapan-Democratic Action Party (DAP).
Demographics
, Subang Jaya was populated by 902,086 residents, making it Malaysia's fourth most populous city. Subang Jaya which is its core city consists of major towns like Puchong, Seri Kembangan and Seri Serdang. Most of the population are Chinese followed by Malays, Indians and others.
Commerce
Subang Parade, Empire Subang, Sunway Pyramid, Aeon Big Subang and SS15 Courtyard are the main shopping attractions around the areas of the Subang Jaya city centre. In the adjacent township of Bandar Sunway, there is Sunway Lagoon, an amusement water theme park which is a tourist landmark across the nation. The commercial district of SS15 serves as Subang Jaya's central entertainment and business area. Within the area, there is also an abundance of international F&B outlets, cafes, dining restaurants, boutique outlets and banks. There are plenty of high-rise office buildings and serviced residences surrounding the area as well.
In USJ, there are shopping malls such as Da Men, Main Place, One City, The Summit, The 19 USJ City Mall, Giant USJ and Mydin USJ to provide more shopping options. The main commercial hub of the USJ township is USJ Taipan which is a bustling business area. There are many small-scale commercial areas scattering around the neighbourhoods of USJ to provide amenities and conveniences as well.
Recreation
The largest recreation park in Subang Jaya is the Subang Ria Park, situated nearby the Sime Darby Medical Centre in SS12. During its heyday in the 1990s, the park was a boating place with tennis court, paintball and go-karting arenas. As of 2015, it was a park mainly used for jogging activities, with a deterioration in the condition of other resources in the park after a number of years of neglect..Recently in 2023, Subang Ria Park has been upgraded with better facilities. For an urban park experience, there is Tropicana Metropark which contains a central park with features like a human-made lake with a bio-filtration system to prevent mosquito breeding, a pedestrian promenade and a food-and-beverage strip for alfresco indulgence.
The MBSJ Stadium in USJ 5 comprises a large football turf and an athletic running field. Hypermedia library, petting zoo and art gallery can be found at Kompleks 3C MPSJ in SS13. There are many indoor soccer centres, squash, tennis and badminton courts in Subang Jaya. Golf clubs include the Subang Racquet and Golf Club, Subang National Golf Club Glenmarie Golf & Country Club and Saujana Golf and Country Club.
Economy
Subang Jaya is renowned as a light industrial hub in the Klang Valley. The main industrial areas in the city are Subang Industrial Park SS13, Sime UEP Industrial Park, Subang Hi-Tech Industrial Park and USJ 1 through USJ 8, involving in both light and heavy industry.
The Malaysia headquarters of Proton Holdings, the Centre of Excellence; Lotus Cars, Faber-Castell and many other major international companies are located in Sime UEP Industrial Park.
Education
Subang Jaya is well known as a higher-education hub, comprising many large international private colleges and universities. It also consists of over 30 primary and secondary schools including local, private and international.
Primary schools
At-tamimi International Islamic School
Fairview International School
GEMS International School
Kingsley International School
Sekolah Kebangsaan Sri Subang Jaya
Sekolah Kebangsaan Seri Selangor
Sekolah Kebangsaan Subang Jaya
Sekolah Wawasan (USJ 15)
Sekolah Kebangsaan Bandar Sunway
Sekolah Kebangsaan Dato Onn Jaafar
Sekolah Cina Tun Tan Cheng Lock
Sekolah Tamil Tun Sambathan
Sekolah Kebangsaan Seafield 3
Sekolah Kebangsaan USJ 12
Sekolah Kebangsaan SS14
Sekolah Kebangsaan Perdana Jaya SS 19
Sekolah Kebangsaan SS19
Sekolah Tamil Seafield
Sekolah Kebangsaan Seafield (USJ 6)
Sekolah Kebangsaan USJ 2
Sekolah Cina Chee Wen (USJ 1)
Sekolah Cina Lick Hung (SS19)
Sekolah Kebangsaan USJ 20
Sekolah Rendah Islam Integrasi Masjid darul Ehsan (SS15)
UCSI International School
Sri UCSI (Primary)
Sri Kuala Lumpur Primary School
Sunway International School
Secondary schools
At-tamimi International Islamic School
Eagles Grammar International School
Fairview International School
GEMS International School
Kingsley International School
Japanese School of Kuala Lumpur (JSKL)
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan SS17
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan USJ 4
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Seafield
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan USJ 8
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan USJ 12
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan USJ 13
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan USJ 23
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan USJ 4
Sekolah Agama Menengah Bestari USJ 5
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Subang Jaya SS14
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Subang Utama SS18
Sirius Scholar Education Center
Sri Kuala Lumpur Secondary School
UCSI International School
Sri UCSI Secondary School
Sunway International School
Higher education
ALFA International College
At-tamimi International A Level School
Cilantro Culinary Academy
International Medical College
INTI International University
Monash University
SEGi University College
Sunway TES
Sunway College
Sunway University
Taylor's College
Taylor's University
The One Academy
Westminster International College
International College IMPERiA
Healthcare
Healthcare in Subang Jaya is provided by two private hospitals. They are Sime Darby Medical Centre Subang Jaya, (formerly known as Subang Jaya Medical Centre (SJMC)) in SS12 along with Sunway Medical Centre in Bandar Sunway.
Under the 9th Malaysian Plan, Subang Jaya has its first public health clinic called the 1 Malaysia Healthcare located in Taman Subang Mewah area of USJ 1. Its primary objective is to provide cheaper healthcare for lower to middle-income population.
Places of worship
The Hindu Temple Sri Varatharajah Perumal Temple and Gurdwara Sahib Subang are located in SS13, near the intersection between Kesas Highway and Persiaran Kewajipan. Kuil Sri Subramaniar Bandar Sunway is a prominent Hindu temple located at Bandar Sunway and is dedicated to Subramaniar (Lord Murugan)
Darul Ehsan Mosque in SS15 is the main worshipping place of Muslims in Subang Jaya. There are other alternative mosques in the city in USJ 1, USJ 9 and USJ 17.
The Church of St Thomas More, Subang Jaya (STM), is a Roman Catholic parish, located in UEP Industrial Park, USJ. The Church was officially dedicated and opened on Sunday, 10 April 2011, by Most Rev. Murphy Pakiam, Archbishop of Kuala Lumpur. The other main church of Subang Jaya is First Baptist Church in SS17. Kingdom Life Church International, a non-denominational New Testament church, is located in Jalan USJ Sentral 2, USJ 1 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: With a strong congregation in Subang Jaya. Acts Church is also another Non-denominational church located in Summit USJ. The church was founded by Pr. Kenneth Chin in the year 2000.
Subang Jaya Buddhist Association (SJBA) commenced its activities in August 1989 and SJBA eventually became a community and spiritual center for many Buddhists in and around Subang Jaya. One of the memorable achievements of the Association is the successful building of the present Vihara (Temple) in 1997 on a land obtained from the Selangor Government. The Vihara has been well utilized over these years.
Development
Presently, there are three large mixed commercial projects under development in Subang Jaya which are SJCC Subang, SJ7 Trans-City and Tropicana Metropark. SJCC Subang and SJ7 Trans-City are two large mixed developments by Sime Darby that are set to be integrated with highly advanced public transportation. Da Men and Empire Remix are located in USJ 1. Da Men is a mixed commercial development sprawling over of prime land comprising two blocks of serviced apartments, retail lots and a 6-story shopping podium. On the other hand, Empire Remix is also a mixed commercial development which consists of a few blocks of office buildings, serviced apartments and a shopping mall.
Tropicana Metropark is an development comprising more than 10 high-rise buildings which include office suites, SOHO, office towers, business suites, villas, shopfronts and a shopping mall. It is situated near the upscale neighbourhoods of USJ Heights and Subang Heights, and is strategically located off the Federal Highway. A new access from Federal Highway will be completed by 2016 to improve the traffic flow around the area. On top of that, Bandar Raya Developments Bhd (BRDB) is developing an RM2 billion 24 acres of integrated mixed development around the same area.
Transportation
Subang Jaya is well-connected to the cities of Kuala Lumpur, Shah Alam and the townships of Petaling Jaya such as Ara Damansara, Kota Damansara, Bandar Utama, Damansara Utama and Mutiara Damansara via a network of major highways, namely the Federal Highway, Shah Alam Expressway (KESAS), NKVE, NPE, North South Expressway and LDP. There are three exits connecting Federal Highway to Subang Jaya. The two main exits are at exit 17.9 km through Persiaran Kewajipan and exit 18.2 km through Persiaran Tujuan, while the alternative exit is through Persiaran Teknologi Subang at Tropicana Metropark's direct interchange.
Persiaran Kewajipan and Persiaran Tujuan serve as the two major roads in Subang Jaya. The alternative route from USJ and Subang Jaya to Kuala Lumpur and Petaling Jaya is the Subang–Kelana Jaya Link, which also connects the Persiaran Kewajipan roundabout of the New Pantai Expressway towards the Subang Airport expressway (route 15) of Federal Highway Federal Route 2.
Subang Jaya's public transport system is highly developed, boasting 2 light rail transit (LRT) lines, 1 KTM commuter line, 1 BRT line, bus and taxi services. Since 30 June 2016, many new LRT stations of the extended Kelana Jaya Line have opened, connecting various areas in Subang Jaya with Kuala Lumpur city centre and Petaling Jaya. The LRT stations are strategically located within walking distance from shopping malls, commercial centres and residential areas and supported by feeder buses. The Kelana Jaya Line had been extended from the existing route from the Subang LRT Depot, running through the Dana 1 commercial centre in Kelana Jaya, to Kelana Centre Point, then to Subang Parade (interchange with KTM Subang Jaya commuter station) which covers three stations within the town centre. Within USJ, the LRT line continues from SS18 to USJ 7 (Da Men and Summit), USJ Taipan, Wawasan (USJ 15), USJ 21 (One City and Main Place), and ends at the main interchange station hub in Putra Heights, which connects with another LRT line, the Sri Petaling Line to Puchong, Bukit Jalil and Sri Petaling. In addition, six MRT Putrajaya line stations are located in southern part of Subang Jaya City Council area serving Seri Kembangan and Serdang.
On the other hand, public bus transportation is provided by two companies, RapidKL and Metrobus. These buses provide access around the town and also to Kuala Lumpur. Alternatively, there is a BRT line connecting the Setia Jaya Komuter station through Bandar Sunway to the USJ7 LRT Station. The BRT Sunway Line started operating on 1 June 2015, when it was officially launched by Malaysia prime minister, Najib Razak. The BRT service is a public-private partnership project between Prasarana and Sunway Group which aims to provide eco-friendly electric bus services on elevated tracks for residents in Bandar Sunway and USJ.
As for commuter train services, Subang Jaya is served by an urban-suburb rail link, the KTM Komuter, which provides transportation towards Port Klang and Kuala Lumpur.
The Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport is located at Subang, Shah Alam. It serves as the main hub for turboprop airlines Firefly (a low-cost carrier subsidiary of Malaysia Airlines), Malindo Air and Berjaya Air and is the premier hub for corporate and private aviation in Southeast Asia.
Public Facilities
The City has 2 public library which are located at Persiaran Puteri 1, Bandar Puteri, Puchong and Kompleks 3C, Jln PJS 11/2.
There is a crematorium in Batu 14, Puchong.
Sister cities
Hioki, Kagoshima, Japan
References
External links |
Apantesis carlotta, or Carlotta's tiger moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Douglas C. Ferguson in 1985. It is found in the US from Maine to Georgia, west to North Dakota and Texas.
The wingspan is about .
The larvae have been reared on Lactuca species.
References
Moths described in 1985
Arctiina
Moths of North America |
Gold Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role is an award given by Zee TV as part of its annual Gold Awards for Indian television series and artists, to recognize a male actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a supporting role.
The award was first awarded in 2007 and since has been separated in two categories, Critics Award and Popular Award. Critics Award is given by the chosen jury of critics assigned to the function while Popular Award is given on the basis of public voting.
List of winners
2000s
2007 Mohnish Bahl - Ek Ladki Anjaani Si as Veer
Akashdeep Saigal - Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi as Eklavya Virani
Jatin Shah - Kasturi as Raunak Singhania
Chetan Hansraj - Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii as Shasha
Vikas Manaktala - Left Right Left as Cadet Amardeep Hooda
Ronit Roy - Kasamh Se as Aparjit Deb
2008 Chetan Hansraj - Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii as Shasha
Akashdeep Saigal - Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi as Eklavya Virani
Jatin Shah - Kasturi as Raunak Singhania
Chetan Hansraj - Dharti Ka Veer Yodha Prithviraj Chauhan as Raja Bhimdev
Satyajit Sharma - Balika Vadhu as Basant Singh
Raj Premi - Jai Shri Krishna as Kans
2009 Not Held
2010s
2010 Sudesh Berry - Agle Janam Mohe Bitiya Hi Kijo as Loha Singh
Satyajit Sharma - Balika Vadhu as Basant Singh
Sharad Kelkar - Bairi Piya as Thakur Digvijay Singh
Aadesh Chaudhary - Laagi Tujhse Lagan as Digamber
Anand Goradia - Na Aana Is Des Laado as Gajender Sangwan
2011 Anupam Shyam - Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya as Thakur Sajjan Singh
Vishwajeet Pradhan - Maryada: Lekin Kab Tak? as Brahmanand
Nikhil Arya - Tere Liye as Ritesh Basu
Pankaj Vishnu - Pavitra Rishta as Arjit Lokhande
2012 Anupam Shyam - Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya as Thakur Sajjan Singh
Mahesh Shetty - Bade Achhe Lagte Hain as Siddhant Kapoor
Kiran Karmarkar - Uttaran as Tej Singh Bundela
Karanvir Bohra - Dil Se Di Dua... Saubhagyavati Bhava? as Viraj Dobriyal
2013 Mahesh Shetty - Bade Achhe Lagte Hain as Siddhant Kapoor
Kiran Karmarkar - Uttaran as Tej Singh Bundela
Vikram Singh Chauhan - Qubool Hai as Imran Qureshi
Kanwarjit Paintal - Pyaar Ka Dard Hai Meetha Meetha Pyaara Pyaara as Jagdish Gupta
Akshay Dogra - Punar Vivaah as Akash Sindhia
2014 Mohit Malik - Doli Armaano Ki as Samrat Singh Rathore
2015 Mohit Malik - Doli Armaano Ki as Samrat Singh Rathore
2016 Sangram Singh - Ye Hai Mohabbatein as Ashok Khanna
2017 Ayub Khan - Shakti - Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki as Maninder Singh
2018 Arjun Bijlani - Ishq Mein Marjawan as Deep Raj Singh
2019 Karan Singh Grover - Kasautii Zindagii Kay as Rishabh Bajaj
References
Best Actor in a Negative Role |
U The End A is a 2016 Kannada psychological love thriller film written and directed by Nagendra Karanik, produced under the banner Shri Thrayambike Devi Talkies, starring Anant Nag, Nagendra Karanik and Kumuda in the lead roles. Sadhu Kokila and Raju Talikote feature in supporting roles.
Plot
This movie is a psychological love thriller. The main lead of the movie, Rohan (Nagendra Karanik) is a young man with powerful political background, experiences an Astral Travel towards his future and see that a girl is going to betray him end his life. His struggle to find answers to all the questions he faces in his Astral Travel forms the crux of the story.
Cast
Nagendra Karanik as Rohan
Kumuda as Madhu/Aishwarya
Anant Nag
Sadhu Kokila
Raju Talikote
Vijaykumar
Yashaswini Karanik
Production
The shooting of the movie commenced in February 2013 and finished in July 2014. The movie has been shot in Bangalore and some locations of Goa and Manali.
Soundtrack
The music of the movie has been composed by Manu Sri and the background score by Bharath B. J.
References
2016 films
2010s romance films
2010s Kannada-language films |
Hiraizumi is a town in Iwate Prefecture, Japan.
Hiraizumi may also refer to:
Hiraizumi Station, train station in Hiraizumi, Iwate, Japan
29249 Hiraizumi, main-belt minor planet
People with the surname
Gina Hiraizumi (born 1980), American actress and singer
, Japanese historian and Shinto priest
, Japanese actor
Japanese-language surnames |
The or Ulleung Basin (울릉분지 ulleung bunji) is an oceanic basin located where the Sea of Japan meets the Korea Strait. It lies immediately south of Ulleung-do and Liancourt Rocks, in the eastern end of the South Korean EEZ and the western end of the Japanese EEZ.
In 1978, the Japanese government registered the name "Tsushima Basin" with the International Hydrographic Bureau. In April 2006, Japan's plans to survey the region and South Korea's plans to register the name "Ulleung Basin" with the International Hydrographic Bureau resulted in a diplomatic standoff between the two countries. The two countries later agreed to address the issue "at an appropriate time."
The first exploratory drilling for gas was in 1972, but gas discoveries have drawn regional interest since the late 1980s. The first commercial gas discovery was reported in 1998. Nine of 15 exploratory wells have contained gas, a rate indicating high potential prospects.
The East Korea Warm Current, Ulleung Warm Eddy, and Offshore Branch interact within this basin.
A feature of the southwestern Sea of Japan is a deep, developing continental shelf. The eastern Oki Islands, a big ridge of three rows lines up in parallel to the Japanese archipelago, and it connects with a Yamato Basin which has expanded from Oki Islands and offshore of the Tōhoku region to the south in between those. The vast Tsushima Basin has extended on the tip of the Oki offshore that expands from Oki Islands on the north side.
References
External links
Current velocities graphs
Petroleum geology map
Japanese Nomenclature Encroaches on Korean Waters
Oceanic basins of the Pacific Ocean
Landforms of Japan
Landforms of South Korea |
Carol Hirschon Weiss was an American scholar of education and policy analysis. She was the Beatrice B. Whiting Professor of Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. She was one of the founders of the scientific study of social programs and policies.
Education and positions
Weiss was born in New York. She obtained a Bachelor's Degree at Cornell University, followed by an M.A. and a Ph.D. at Columbia University. Weiss graduated from Columbia in 1977, where she worked at the Bureau of Applied Social Research. In 1978 she became a faculty member at the Graduate School of Education at Harvard. She was named the Beatrice B. Whiting Professor of Education there in 1999. Weiss was also a visiting fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, the Brookings Institution, and the United States Department of Education. She also served as President of the Policy Studies Organization.
Research
Weiss's research focused on policy studies, particularly in education, and she was one of the earliest scholars to develop methods for scientifically evaluating social programs. Weiss was one of the founders of the theory of change, a methodology for organizations to effect social change. In addition to developing methodologies for the scientific evaluation of policies, Weiss was also particularly noted for training others in how to apply those methodologies, and developing a community of people trained in the scientific evaluation of policies.
Weiss published 11 books, in addition to more than 100 journal articles. Kathleen McCartney, while Dean of the Harvard Graduate School of Education, described two of Weiss's books as being especially seminal: Weiss's 1972 book Evaluation research: Methods of assessing program effectiveness, and her 1998 book Evaluation: Methods for Studying Programs and Policies. Evaluation research in particular has been described as a fundamental work in program evaluation. The political scientist Kathryn Newcomer, in a commentary on Evaluation research, summarized the book as "an in-depth analysis of many of the crucial and complex issues that plague evaluators and public managers", which argues that program evaluators and program managers should take into account the political and social context of public policies.
In addition to her academic research, Weiss actively consulted on a wide variety of policy programs with governments and organizations throughout her career. She retired in 2006, after which she became a docent at the Boston Museum of Science. She died in 2013.
Selected works
Evaluation Research: Methods of Assessing Program Effectiveness (1972)
Using social research in public policy making (1977)
"Theory-Based Evaluation: Past, Present, and Future"
"The many meanings of research utilization", Public administration review (1979)
Evaluation: Methods for Studying Programs and Policies (1998)
"Have We Learned Anything New About the Use of Evaluation?", American Journal of Evaluation (1998)
Selected awards
Myrdal Award, Evaluation Research Society
References
2013 deaths
1927 births
American women political scientists
American political scientists
Cornell University alumni
Columbia University alumni
Harvard Graduate School of Education faculty
American women academics
21st-century American women |
Winstead PC is a corporate law firm with offices in Texas, New York, and North Carolina. The firm's more than 300 attorneys and consultants serve as legal advisors to mid-market and large businesses, providing legal services to industries including airlines, financial services, healthcare, higher education, investment management/private funds, life sciences, real estate and sports business & media. Winstead's attorneys and practices have been recognized by Chambers USA.
Offices
Winstead PC has eight offices located in Austin, Charlotte, Dallas, Fort Worth, Houston, New York City, San Antonio, and The Woodlands, Texas.
Headquarters
In 2012, Winstead's headquarters in Dallas relocated to the Winstead Building located at 2728 N. Harwood Street in Dallas, Texas. Prior to that, Winstead PC occupied Renaissance Tower after moving from the Mercantile National Bank complex in 1986.
History
Winstead was founded in 1973 by three young Dallas lawyers, including current name shareholder Pete Winstead. By the end of the 1980s, the Dallas practice had expanded to more than 170 attorneys, with additional offices in Houston and Austin. Acquisitions of existing firms in Fort Worth, The Woodlands, Texas, and Washington, D.C. resulted in greater expansion of client services.
Sources
External links
Winstead PC
Companies based in Dallas
Law firms established in 1973
Law firms based in Dallas
1973 establishments in Texas |
Yacine Elghorri, also referred to as Elgo, is a French animator, illustrator, storyboard artist, conceptual designer and comic book artist. He worked in the United States on films and cartoons such as Futurama, Titan AE, Evolution, The Fantastic Four and Thru the Moebius Strip.
He has also contributed to the science fiction comics magazine Heavy Metal, creating two short stories in black and white.
Career
Elgo was born in Paris, France. After graduating from college, he went to the Ecole de l'Image Gobelins (Paris) film school to study animation. Focusing on conceptual art and design, Elgo worked on a few television series (Flash Gordon, Lucky Luke) and drew comics for various French magazines.
In 1996 he moved to the United States to work in the film industry. He settled in Los Angeles where he worked for Rich Animation studios, DreamWorks and Twentieth Century Fox. Elgo pursued his career as a comic book artist drawing short stories for Heavy Metal Magazine and Marvel Comics in the Incredible Hulks 618 issue. He has also worked as a concept designer and storyboard artist on several films, television series and commercials such as: Titan A.E, Evolution (with legendary special effects creator Phil Tippett), Futurama ( season 1) and Seven Up.
He has also worked with writer Jean Dufaux on a series of three graphic novels called Medina.
His works include collaborations with legendary artists such as Alejandro Jodorowsky and Philippe Druillet.
Elgo currently lives in Paris, France.
Bibliography
Comics
'HEAVY METAL', 1999
'GUNMAN', Carabas editions, 2005
'BESTIAL', Children's book, Carabas, 2006
'FACTORY', 3-issue series, Carabas, 2006–2009
'MEDINA', 3-issue series, Lombard, 2012–2015
Films and TV series
Futurama
Titan AE
Evolution
References
External links
Interview (in French)
American animators
American speculative fiction artists
Algerian speculative fiction artists
American illustrators
French animators
French comics artists
French illustrators
Living people
Science fiction artists
American storyboard artists
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century Algerian people |
This is a list of films which placed number one at the weekend box office for the year 2017.
Number-one films
Most successful films by box office admissions
Most successful films of 2017 by number of movie tickets sold in Austria.
References
See also
Cinema of Austria
Austria
2017 |
Cheyanne Nicolae Vlismas (born June 25, 1995), formerly known as Cheyanne Buys, is an American mixed martial artist who competes in the Strawweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship.
Background
Vlismas began training in karate when she was three years old and then transitioned to taekwondo when she was ten years old, later obtaining a black belt in the sport. She got into MMA at the age of fifteen. When she was seventeen, she got expelled from high school for fighting and her family decided to let her start training full time. She took her first amateur fight four days after her eighteenth birthday.
She is the ex-wife of fellow UFC fighter, JP Buys.
Mixed martial arts career
Early career
Cheyanne made her MMA debut at LFA 35, where she faced Karla Hernandez and went on to defeat her via TKO in the third round, securing her first victory under the banner of Legacy Fighting Alliance in the process. Vlismas faced Helen Peralta at Invicta FC 29: Kaufman vs. Lehner, losing her bout via unanimous decision. Then at EFC 74, Vlismas defeated Karolina Wojcik via split decision, before she went on to defeat Canadian Lindsey Garbatt at BTC 6 Night of Champions via unanimous decision.
In her second appearance with Legacy Fighting Alliance at LFA 78, Vlismas faced Rebecca Adney and defeated her via unanimous decision.
Vlismas was invited to Dana White's Contender Series 30 on August 25, 2020 and faced Hilarie Rose. She won the bout via unanimous decision, getting a UFC contract in the process.
Ultimate Fighting Championship
Vlismas was scheduled to face Kay Hansen on March 20, 2021 at UFC on ESPN: Brunson vs. Holland. However, Hansen pulled out due to undisclosed reasons and was replaced on March 12 by promotional newcomer Montserrat Ruiz. She lost the bout via unanimous decision, getting kept in a headlock position for most of the bout.
Vlismas faced Gloria de Paula on July 31, 2021 at UFC on ESPN: Hall vs. Strickland. She won the bout in the first round after head kicking de Paula after she was getting up and finished her with ground and pound. This fight earned her the Performance of the Night award.
Vlismas was scheduled to face Loma Lookboonmee on November 20, 2021 at UFC Fight Night 198. However, Vlismas withdrew from the bout for undisclosed reasons and she was replaced by Lupita Godinez.
Vlismas faced Mallory Martin, replacing Montserrat Ruiz, on December 4, 2021 at UFC on ESPN 31. Vlismas won the fight via unanimous decision. This fight earned her the Fight of the Night award.
Vlismas was scheduled to face Tabatha Ricci on October 1, 2022 at UFC Fight Night 211. Vlismas pulled out in late August due to personal reasons and was replaced by former UFC Women's Strawweight Championship challenger and inaugural Invicta FC Atomweight Champion Jessica Penne.
Vlismas faced Cory McKenna on December 17, 2022 at UFC Fight Night 216. She lost the fight via unanimous decision.
Championships and accomplishments
Ultimate Fighting Championship
Performance of the Night (One time)
Fight of the Night (One time)
BTC Fight Promotions
Interim BTC Strawweight Championship (One time)
Mixed martial arts record
|-
|Loss
|align=center|7–3
|Cory McKenna
|Decision (unanimous)
|UFC Fight Night: Cannonier vs. Strickland
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|7–2
|Mallory Martin
|Decision (unanimous)
|UFC on ESPN: Font vs. Aldo
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 6–2
| Gloria de Paula
| TKO (head kick and punches)
| UFC on ESPN: Hall vs. Strickland
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:00
| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|5–2
|Montserrat Ruiz
|Decision (unanimous)
|UFC on ESPN: Brunson vs. Holland
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|5–1
|Hilarie Rose
|Decision (unanimous)
|Dana White's Contender Series 30
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 4–1
|Rebecca Adney
| Decision (unanimous)
|LFA 78
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Belton, Texas, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|3–1
|Lindsay Garbatt
|Decision (unanimous)
|BTC 6: Night of Champions
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Burlington, Ontario, Canada
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|2–1
|Karolina Wójcik
|Decision (split)
|EFC Worldwide 74
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Johannesburg, South Africa
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|1–1
|Helen Peralta
|Decision (unanimous)
|Invicta FC 29: Kaufman vs. Lehner
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Kansas City, Missouri, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|1–0
|Karla Hernandez
|TKO (elbows)
|LFA 35
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|4:22
|Houston, Texas, United States
|
See also
List of current UFC fighters
List of female mixed martial artists
References
External links
1995 births
Living people
American female taekwondo practitioners
V
Strawweight mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing taekwondo
Ultimate Fighting Championship female fighters
21st-century American women
Sportspeople from St. Petersburg, Florida
Mixed martial artists from Florida |
The Habib Bouakeul Stadium () is a multi-use stadium in Oran, Algeria. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of ASM Oran. Another club, SCM Oran also play there. The stadium holds 20,000 people.
History
The stadium was built in 1927 in the Les Amandiers district (now Haï El-Louz) of Oran under the name of the Stade Alenda. It was renovated on 19 December 1948, when its name was changed to Stade Vincent Monréal; it was the biggest stadium in Oran at the time. After the independence of Algeria, it was renamed Stade Habib Bouakeul in commemoration of Habib Bouakeul, a martyr of the Algeria War.
The stadium was equipped with artificial turf to replace natural grass; a newer turf was installed in 2013.
Matches
Below is a list of some important matches played at the stadium:
See also
List of football stadiums in Algeria
Ahmed Zabana Stadium
Abdelkader Fréha Stadium
External links
lahbib bouakel stadium - goalzz.com
Football venues in Algeria
Sports venues in Oran
Stadium
Multi-purpose stadiums in Algeria
Sports venues completed in 1927
1927 establishments in Algeria |
Speed to fly is a principle used by soaring pilots when flying between sources of lift, usually thermals, ridge lift and wave. The aim is to maximize the average cross-country speed by optimizing the airspeed in both rising and sinking air. The optimal airspeed is independent of the wind speed, because the fastest average speed achievable through the airmass corresponds to the fastest achievable average groundspeed.
The speed to fly is the optimum speed through sinking or rising air mass to achieve either the furthest glide, or fastest average cross-country speed.
Most speed to fly setups use units of either airspeed in kilometers per hour (km/h) and climb rate in meters per second (m/s), or airspeed in knots (kn) and climb rate in feet per minute (ft/min).
History
The idea is usually attributed to Paul MacCready, although an early version of the theory was first described by Wolfgang Späte in 1938.
However Späte may not have considered sinking air between thermals, and there is no mention of this until 1947 when Ernest Dewing and George Pirie independently included this aspect.
In 1954, Paul MacCready described an Optimum Airspeed Selector, that he had been using since 1947. According to MacCready, the crosscountry airspeed selector is "a simple device that indicates the optimum speed at which a sailplane should be flown between thermals. On a day with weak thermals and weak downcurrents, a pilot should fly between thermals at a velocity near that for best gliding angle of the sailplane...If the next thermal to be encountered is expected to be strong, the pilot should dive toward it at high velocity in order to reach it as fast as possible. Note the magnitude of the wind is of no concern when considering thermals which move with the air mass. For the derivation of the airspeed selector one minimizes the time for the sailplane to reach a thermal and regain the original height."
According to Bob Wander, "The principal advantage of making a rotatable speed-to-fly ring for your total energy variometer is that cross-country speeds in gliding can be optimized when we factor the strength of thermals into the speed-to-fly process. For instance, when thermals are weak, then it pays to fly conservatively...minimum sinking speed...We are able to cruise faster between thermals when lift is strong because it is so easy to get altitude back in strong lift".
Instrumentation
The minimal instrumentation required is an airspeed indicator and a variometer. The pilot will use the polar curve information for the particular glider to derive the exact speeds to fly, minimum sink or maximum L/D, depending on the lift and sink conditions in which the glider is flying. A speed to fly ring (known as a 'MacCready Ring'), which is fitted around the aircraft's variometer, will indicate the optimum airspeed to fly between thermals for maximum crosscountry performance. The ring is usually calibrated in either knots or meters per second and its markings are based on the aircraft's polar curve. During the glide between thermals, the index arrow is set at the rate of climb expected in the next thermal. On the speed ring, the variometer needle points to the optimum speed to fly between thermals.
Electronic versions of the MacCready Ring are built into glide computers that will give audible warnings to the pilot to speed up or slow down. Similar facilities can also be built into a PDA. The computer is connected to sensors that detect the aircraft's airspeed and rate of sink. If linked to a GPS, and using a computed or manual estimate of the windspeed, the glide computer can also calculate the speed and altitude necessary to glide to a particular destination. This glide is known as the final glide because no further lift should be necessary to reach the goal. During this glide, speed to fly information is needed to ensure that the remaining height is used efficiently.
See also
Geoffrey H. Stephenson
ICAO recommendations on use of the International System of Units
References
External links
Performance Airspeeds for the Soaring Challenged by Jim D. Burch (mirror of defunct original page via avia.tion.ca)
MacCready Theory with Uncertain Lift and Limited Altitude Paper from Technical Soaring 23 (3) (July 1999) 88-96, by John H. Cochrane
Just a little faster, please (new version, 2007) paper by John H. Cochrane
The Price You Pay for McCready Speeds by Wil Schuemann, from the Proceedings of the 1972 Soaring Symposium
Competition Philosophy by Dick Johnson, from the Proceedings of the 1972 Soaring Symposium
Introduction to Cross Country Soaring by Kai Gersten, 1999 (Revised 2006)
This Brilliant Man Can Get You In Trouble – Misapply MacCready Theory At Your Own Peril by Clemens Ceipek, 2021
Aircraft aerodynamics
Airspeed
Gliding technology |
Nakama (initiated 2015 in Oslo, Norway) is a Norwegian five-piece jazz ensemble led by the Norwegian bassist Christian Meaas Svendsen.
Biography
Nakama is Japanese meaning "comrade", or a community of people where no one is above the other. The group was founded as a quartet in 2015 but expanded to quintet late 2016. Their music is influenced by European jazz, early American contemporary music, Japanese traditional music, and the harmonies of the romantic classical era. Furthermore, the music intimately explores the relation between content and non-content, and the possibilities of working with flexible forms on a fixed musical material.
Band members
Adrian Løseth Waade – violin
Agnes Hvizdalek – vocals
Andreas Wildhagen – drums
Ayumi Tanaka – piano
Christian Meaas Svendsen – upright bass
Discogs
2015: Before The Storm (Nakama Records)
2016: Grand Line (Nakama Records)
2016: Most Intimate (Nakama Records)
2017: Worst Generation (Nakama Records)
References
External links
Musical groups from Oslo
Norwegian jazz ensembles
Musical groups established in 2015
2015 establishments in Norway |
Vânători is a commune located in Vrancea County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of seven villages: Balta Raței, Jorăști, Mirceștii Noi, Mirceștii Vechi, Petrești, Rădulești and Vânători.
References
Communes in Vrancea County
Localities in Western Moldavia |
Amber Felicity Rose Anderson (born 5 March 1992) is a British actress, pianist and model. On television, she is known for her roles as Ciara Porter in the crime drama Strike (2017) and Diana Mitford in the sixth series of Peaky Blinders (2022), both on BBC One. Her films include We Are the Freaks (2013), White Lie (2019), and Emma (2020).
Anderson is a trained pianist and violinist, and began her career in modeling.
Early life
Anderson was born in Shepton Mallet and spent her early childhood in Somerset and Wiltshire. Of Scottish descent on her father's side, she moved to Forres, north-east Scotland at the age of 6. Her mother was concerned about the millennium bug and wanted to live more remotely.
Anderson attended primary school in Logie in addition to being Steiner-educated. She then studied piano and violin at Aberdeen City Music School to grade eight and nine respectively. At the age of 16, Anderson was awarded a double music and drama scholarship to Gordonstoun School, the first scholarship of its kind. She was scouted while shopping in Glasgow and left sixth form early to pursue a career in London.
Career
Anderson has appeared in ads for brands such as Clarins, Burberry, Chanel and Kenzo. She has walked catwalk for Dior, Jean Paul Gaultier, Burberry, Hermes and Chanel.
She has worked with photographers such as Albert Watson, Mario Testino, Patrick Demarchelier, Nick Knight and Solve Sunsbo.
In 2021, it was announced Anderson would be joining the cast of Peaky Blinders for its sixth and final series, which aired in 2022. Her role was initially undisclosed and later revealed to be Lady Diana Mitford.
In May 2023, Anderson made her professional stage debut opposite Luke Newton in the revival of The Shape of Things at the Park Theatre.
Personal life
In 2017, Anderson wrote an Instagram post accusing Harvey Weinstein of behaving inappropriately and harassing her for a personal relationship to further her career when she was 20.
Anderson is in a relationship with actor Connor Swindells, who also appeared in the film Emma.
Filmography
Film
Television
Awards
In January 2020, Anderson received the Vancouver Film Critics Circle's award for Best Supporting Actress in a Canadian Film for her performance as Jennifer Ellis in White Lie.
References
External links
Living people
1992 births
Actresses from Somerset
English film actresses
English people of Scottish descent
English television actresses
People from Forres
People from Shepton Mallet |
Född förlorare (Born Loser) is the seventh album by Shining, released by Spinefarm Records on 25 May 2011. "Tillsammans är vi allt" includes Håkan Hemlin of Nordman on clean vocals, while Erik Danielsson of Watain appears on "Tiden läker inga sår".
"I nattens timma" is a cover version of a song written by the Swedish progressive rock group Landberk, released on their 1992 album Riktigt äkta.
The track "FFF" is dedicated to Kvarforth's mother, Susanne, who died from a heart attack at the beginning of 2010.
Track listing
Charts
References
Shining (Swedish band) albums
Spinefarm Records albums |
Chihiro Yamaguchi (born 10 June 1996) is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for WE League club Sanfrecce Hiroshima Regina.
Club career
Yamaguchi made her WE League debut on 12 September 2021.
References
Living people
1996 births
Japanese women's footballers
Women's association football midfielders
Sanfrecce Hiroshima Regina players
WE League players
Association football people from Nagasaki Prefecture |
Dark Medicine (originally known as The Eugenist) is a 2013 American horror film produced, written and directed by Tariq Nasheed.
Plot
A group of college students break into an abandoned school to explore it. Once inside, they find that the school is not completely abandoned thanks to a eugenics program gone horribly wrong.
Reception
Horrornews.net, giving the movie 2 tombstones out of 5, said, " Fans of teen horror flicks with a twist may want to give it a try. A climatic end that will surprise most is worth a look in its own right." On the other hand, Nav Qateel writing in Influx magazine gave the movie a D+, writing, "There wasn’t a single thing in this uncostly, unscary, rather short movie which spoke of hidden talent."
References
External links
American zombie films
2013 horror films
2013 films
2013 horror thriller films
Films set in schools
African-American horror films
Eugenics in fiction
2010s English-language films
2010s American films |
William Hollingsworth Attwood (July 14, 1919 – April 15, 1989) was an American journalist, author, editor and diplomat.
Life
Early life
Born in Paris, France, he received his education at Choate Rosemary Hall and Princeton University, editing The Daily Princetonian and later serving as a Princeton trustee.
He served as a paratrooper in World War II. After the war, Attwood wrote for the New York Herald Tribune and soon was transferred to the Paris bureau of the international edition. His first book, The Man Who Could Grow Hair, or Inside Andorra, was a memoir-based series of tales of his adventures in post-war Europe.
Attwood married Simone Cadgene in Paris in 1950 and the couple eventually had three children, Peter, Janet, and Susan. He published a memoir of their impressions of the changes in America upon returning, titled Still the Most Exciting Country.
Speechwriting
Adlai Stevenson enlisted Attwood to serve as a speechwriter and advisor in both of his presidential campaigns, in 1952 and 1956, and to write other speeches in 1960. When John F. Kennedy became the 1960 Democratic nominee, Attwood joined the Kennedy campaign. Stevenson and Attwood were close friends and collaborators for years. Attwood accompanied Stevenson on a trip around the world sponsored by Look magazine, writing the regular articles about Stevenson's travels that appeared in that magazine.
Diplomat
Early in his presidency, President Kennedy appointed Attwood to serve as Ambassador to the West African country of Guinea. He was forced to return to the States after a near fatal case of polio (which gave him a permanent limp), but recovered and returned to Guinea for a time. In 1963, the Kennedy administration desired to negotiate détente with Fidel Castro and to negotiate the beginning of normalized relations after the 1964 campaign. Attwood claimed he served as a secret liaison and was due to report to the president when Kennedy returned from the trip to Dallas during which he was assassinated; and that the Johnson administration discontinued this effort. Attwood served a second appointment as ambassador during the Johnson administration, to Kenya. He published a book about the relationship of Kenyan politics and communism, The Reds and the Blacks.
Later life
Attwood had long worked with Cowles Communications, mostly in various editorial roles at Look. In 1970, he became editor of Newsday, the Long Island daily newspaper. He started Newsday's New York edition.
Upon retirement in 1979, Attwood focused on writing, and serving the Town Council in his hometown of New Canaan, Connecticut. After covering the Geneva Summit between Reagan and Gorbachev in 1987, Attwood published his final book, The Twilight Struggle: Tales of the Cold War, which chronicled his unique view of the Cold War from its beginning to its presumable end.
Attwood died from congestive heart failure in New Canaan on April 15, 1989.
Memory
The Public Library in Attwood's hometown of New Canaan annually hosts the Attwood Memorial Lecture, which features speakers who reflect his own passions for the intersection of journalism and politics. Speakers have included Art Buchwald, Doris Kearns Goodwin, and Jonathan Alter.
Attwood's papers are held by the State Historical Society of Wisconsin.
Books by Attwood
The Man Who Could Grow Hair Alfred A. Knopf, 1949.
Still the Most Exciting Country Alfred A Knopf, 1955.
The Decline of the American Male (contributor to essay collection with other Look editors) Random House, 1958.
The Reds and the Blacks Harper & Row, 1967.
The Fairly Scary Adventure Book (children's book) HarperCollins, 1969.
Making It Through Middle Age Atheneum Books, 1982.
The Twilight Struggle: Tales of the Cold War HarperCollins, 1987.
References
External links
The Political Graveyard
The New York Times, Obituary for William Attwood
1919 births
1989 deaths
Ambassadors of the United States to Guinea
Ambassadors of the United States to Kenya
Princeton University alumni
20th-century American writers
20th-century American male writers
Paratroopers
Choate Rosemary Hall alumni
20th-century American diplomats
American editors
20th-century American journalists
American male journalists
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
United States Army personnel of World War II
American expatriates in France |
Vazhmangalam is a small village located on the border between Tamil Nadu and Puducherry in India. The nearest place in Puducherry is T. R. Pattinam.
In this village, some important temples are located namely Arulmigu Throubathi Amman Temple, Arulmigu Veeramaa Kaaliamman Temple, Arulmigu Mazhai Maariamman Temple and Arulmigu Kasi Viswanathar temple.
There are some festivals such as Mariamman Kovil, Thropathai Amman Kovil Theemidhi and Veerama Kaaliamman. Pooja happens every year. Here mostly the community of Sengunther are living in majority and they used to contribute money to the temples and actively take part in those great festivals which occur every year.
Villages in Nagapattinam district |
The Hanover–Brunswick Railway is a German main line railway in Lower Saxony and is one of the oldest lines in Germany, opened in 1843 and 1844. It was the first railway line linking to the city of Hanover and the first operating line of the Royal Hanoverian State Railways (German: Königlich Hannöversche Staatseisenbahnen). It is now one of the main routes for east-west traffic. The main intermediate station is Peine.
Route
The route is flat and straight through the North German Plain. It leaves Hanover to the east. Originally it ran almost straight to Lehrte. Now it makes a slight curve south to Anderten. In Lehrte it connects with several other key routes, including the Berlin–Lehrte railway, including the Hanover–Berlin high-speed line. It then turns southeast to Peine and proceeds further to the southeast and takes in Groß Gleidingen, where it connects with the Hildesheim–Brunswick railway. It then turns to the east, reaching Brunswick from the southwest.
History
Hanover and Brunswick era
The Duchy of Brunswick opened its first railway line early. At the instigation of the then Minister of Finance and Head of the Brunswick State Bank, Philipp August von Amsberg, the section from Brunswick to Wolfenbüttel was already opened in 1838. This forms part of what is now the Brunswick–Bad Harzburg railway, the first government-owned railway in Germany. Both Brunswick and Prussia put pressure on the Kingdom of Hanover to allow an east-west rail link. The King of Hanover was still opposed. It was only when he had participated in a trial run on the Brunswick line that he agreed in 1841 to a railway being built to his capital. A treaty was concluded with Prussia and Brunswick that provided for a connection between Minden in the Prussian Province of Westphalia through Hanover to Brunswick. It would then connect from Brunswick to Wolfenbüttel by the line opened in 1843 and then branch east to Oschersleben and Magdeburg. However, opposition to railways in Hanover still meant that the Royal Hanoverian State Railways were required to build a small station in Hanover and to set up its operation centre at its first railway junction in Lehrte. Construction began in 1842 and on 22 October 1843 the line opened from Hanover to Lehrte. On 3 December it was extended to Peine and from 19 May 1844 it operated regularly to Brunswick.
The line included Brunswick's second station (opened only nine years after the first railway had opened in Germany), but it was also built as a terminal station. This impeded the flow of traffic until 1960.
The network then developed quickly. In 1845 the Lehrte–Celle line opened and that was followed by the Lehrte–Hildesheim line in 1846. Since they are perpendicular to the Brunswick line, the lines are referred to as the Kreuzbahn (German for "cross railway"). In 1847 Celle–Harburg line was opened, followed five months later by the Hanover–Minden line, connecting to Cologne, creating the first rail connection between Berlin and Cologne. Also opened in 1847 was the Bremen–Hanover line. In 1853 the Hanoverian Southern Railway to Kassel was opened as the first line built from a branch in Hanover.
From 1870
The Berlin–Lehrte line, which bypassed the junction at Brunswick, opened in 1871 and it captured the fast traffic to and from Berlin. The rapid increase of traffic generally, however, meant that the connection to Brunswick also became more heavily used. From 1876 to 1879, the current Hanover Hauptbahnhof was built because the old one was overloaded.
In the first decade of the 20th century fundamental changes were made to railway facilities in Hanover. In 1906 the line between Tiergarten and Lehrte was moved south bypassing the old Misburg station. The old route became part of a new rail freight bypass opened in 1909. Rail infrastructure in Lehrte has developed considerably. A connecting curve now also runs from Hanover to Hamburg avoiding the need to reverse in Lehrte. This was used for passenger trains between Hannover and Hamburg until the opening of the direct "Hare Railway" between Langenhagen (north of Hanover) and Celle in 1938 and its duplication and electrification in 1965.
1950s to today
On 1 October 1960, the current Brunswick Hauptbahnhof replaced the old terminal station. In addition, the Hanover Hauptbahnhof was rebuilt in the 1970s for the construction of the Hanover Stadtbahn, the lines of which pass under the main railway station.
In the 1973 Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan, the Dortmund–Hannover–Brunswick line was nominated as a railway to be upgraded for high speeds. In 1976, electrical services on the line commenced. In 1990, the connection to the Hildesheim line was rebuilt to the west of Lehrte. In the mid 1990s the Hanover–Lehrte section of the line was upgraded as part of the development of the Hanover–Berlin high-speed line.
The Hanover S-Bahn was opened for Expo 2000. Between Hanover and Lehrte an additional line was built north of the existing tracks, single track from Hanover station until shortly before Karl-Wiechert-Allee station, then two tracks until just before Ahlten station and then single track to Lehrte. In 1998 it was commissioned. The historic rail platforms in Hannover-Kleefeld and Anderten-Misburg were demolished leaving only platforms facing the S-Bahn tracks (except in the case of Karl-Wiechert-Allee station for trains bound for Hannover). Tiergarten junction (which was previously little used) was closed along with the original route of the line through the former Tiergarten and Misburg stations.
By the summer of 2008, the junction in Lehrte was changed again to allow freight trains from the Hannover freight bypass and the line from Celle to run towards Hildesheim and Brunswick, with the tracks of the high-speed line to Berlin running underneath. As a result, the long-distance trains from Wolfsburg and Brunswick can now pass through Lehrte junction at 120 km/h.
Current operations
The full-length of the line is served hourly by InterCity trains between Leipzig and Hanover, continuing to Oldenburg and Cologne as well as Regional-Express trains on the Brunswick–Hanover–Rheine/Bielefeld route. Trains running west of Lehrte include Intercity-Express trains from Berlin and S-Bahn trains on lines S6 (Celle–Hanover), S7 (Celle–Lehrte–Hanover) and S3 (Hildesheim–Lehrte–Hannover).
On the route east of Lehrte there is heavy freight traffic, including trains of up to 6000 tons between the Port of Hamburg, Groß Gleidingen and Salzgitter Steelworks, which are the heaviest trains in Germany.
The route is electrified and can be operated at up to 140 km/h.
References
Footnotes
Sources
(History to 1871, extensions since 1990 in and to the west of Lehrte)
(General outline of Lower Saxony railway history)
Railway lines in Lower Saxony
Transport in Hanover
Transport in Braunschweig
Peine (district)
Railway lines opened in 1843
19th-century establishments in the Duchy of Brunswick
Hanover S-Bahn |
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Caruaru () is located in the Ecclesiastical province of Olinda e Recife in Brazil.
On August 7, 1948, it was established as Diocese of Caruaru from the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Olinda e Recife.
Leadership
Bishops of Caruaru (Roman rite), in reverse chronological order
Bishop José Ruy Gonçalves Lopes, OFMCap (2019.07.10 – present)
Bishop Bernardino Marchió (2002.11.06 – 2019.07.10)
Bishop Antônio Soares Costa (1993.10.27 – 2002.06.07)
Bishop Augusto Carvalho (1959.08.08 – 1993.10.27)
Bishop Paulo Hipólito de Souza Libório (1949.03.15 – 1959.06.20)
References
GCatholic.org
Catholic Hierarchy
Diocese website (Portuguese)
Roman Catholic dioceses in Brazil
Christian organizations established in 1956
Caruaru, Roman Catholic Diocese of
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century |
The 1964 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship Final was the first All-Ireland final and the culmination of the 1964 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for players aged between 18 and 21 in Ireland. The match took place on 4 October 1964, at Nowlan Park, Kilkenny. The match was contested by Tipperary and Wexford, and it was refereed by Aubrey Higgins from Galway.
Background
Naturally, the All-Ireland final was the first-ever meeting of Tipperary and Wexford at under-21 level. Both sides, however, had developed a keen rivalry at senior level since 1960. They met in two All-Ireland finals in five years, with Wexford claiming victory in 1960 and Tipp winning in 1962.
Tipperary were a team aiming to secure a unique hurling double. Just a month earlier the Tipp senior team had walloped Kilkenny to take the All-Ireland title in the top grade. Three players from that occasion, Michael 'Babs' Keating, Mick Roche and sub goalkeeper Peter O'Sullivan, were hoping to secure a second All-Ireland winners' medal in the space of a month. Wexford also had senior players in the form of Dan Quigley and Vincent Staples.
Pre-match
Referee
Galway-based referee Aubrey Higgins was named as the referee for the inaugural All-Ireland under-21 final. This was his second major assignment of the year as he had earlier taken charge of the All-Ireland senior final between Tipperary and Kilkenny.
Match
Report
The inaugural All-Ireland under-21 final was played as a curtain-raiser to the Oireachtas semi-final between Kilkenny and Cork.
Details
2
All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship finals
Tipperary GAA matches
Wexford GAA matches |
Keith's Chapel, also known as Mr Keith's Chapel and the May Fair Chapel, was a private chapel in Curzon Street, Mayfair, Westminster, operated by the 18th century Church of England clergyman Alexander Keith.
Keith had been the first incumbent of the Church of England's new Curzon Chapel, built in Curzon Street in 1730, where he began to perform marriages without either banns or license until he was excommunicated by an ecclesiastical court in 1742. Keith then went to prison and remained there for several years. However, he quickly established his own private chapel very near to his old one on Curzon Street, where he and his curates continued clandestine marriages until 1754, when the Marriage Act 1753 came into effect.
The marriages at Keith's Chapel were perfectly lawful, as until 1754 the only indispensable element of a marriage in England was a Church of England clergyman. At its height, some six thousand marriages a year were taking place at the chapel.
The chapel's business was promoted by frequent advertisements in newspapers, such as this one in the Daily Post dated 20 July 1744:
When his wife died in January 1750, Keith combined the announcement of her death in the Daily Advertiser with an advertisement for his chapel's services.
Notable weddings
The chapel's weddings included
Duke of Kingston and Elizabeth Chudleigh (bigamously)
Henry Brydges, 2nd Duke of Chandos and Anne Jeffrey, 1744
Lord Strange and Lucy Smith, 1746
Lord Kensington and Rachel Hill, 1749
Sewellis Shirley and Margaret Rolle, widow of the Earl of Oxford, 1751
James Hamilton, 6th Duke of Hamilton and Miss Gunning, 1752 (married with a bed-curtain-ring half an hour after midnight)
Lord George Bentinck and Mary Davies, 1753
References
Chapels in London
Marriage, unions and partnerships in England
18th century in London
Buildings and structures in Mayfair |
Devious Maids is an American comedy-drama series that aired on Lifetime.
Character Chart
Main characters
Marisol Suarez
Marisol Suarez (Ana Ortiz) originally goes undercover as a Beverly Hills maid in order to personally investigate the murder of Flora Hernandez. Her son, Eddie, has been arrested for the crime, despite allegedly being innocent, and so over the course of six months she works to befriend fellow maids - Rosie Falta, Carmen Luna, and Zoila Diaz - and find out everything they know about Flora. Taking a job at the Stappord house, while also working part-time for the Powells (Flora's old bosses), Marisol eventually tracks down the true culprit, Philippe Delatour, and her son is exonerated.
Three months pass by the time of the second season, and by then she has entered into a relationship with the mysterious Nicholas Deering. He quickly proposes marriage to her and they move in together, but Marisol can't quite shake there being something secretive about him... and his maid, Opal. Upon doing a whole new investigation, Marisol comes to find out that Nick is responsible for the death of Evelyn and Adrian Powell's son, Barrett. After making him confess the truth to them, she has him turn himself in to the police.
Four months have now passed, by the time of the third season, and Marisol has successfully published a book on the events of the first season. Now working towards the next chapter of her life, she starts a maid placement agency, which leads her to hiring male maid Jesse Morgan, who she starts dating. Problems often occur throughout their romance, as Marisol's previous bad luck with men gets in the way of being happy, and so Jesse eventually leaves her. She then gets involved in the new mystery at hand though, surrounding her former employer Taylor Stappord, and she helps Rosie solve the case that it was really Taylor's love, Sebastien Dussault, who killed tennis pro Louie Becker and maid Blanca Alvarez.
Another time jump, this time being six months, leads into the fourth season. Marisol's book is now being made into a movie, and she enters into a new relationship with head of the studio, Peter Hudson. Jesse pops back up in her life, however, and it turns out he never moved back to Seattle like he originally claimed. Drama strikes when Peter turns out to be Genevieve Delatour's ex-husband, and she comes to claim him back; Marisol also has a brief affair with Jesse. Meanwhile, she also helps Rosie with solving the murder of Peri Westmore, and after that is all complete, Peter and Marisol make amends for the latter's affair, and Peter proposes marriage. She accepts, and a time jump to one year later shows them about to get married; however, Marisol doesn't make it down the aisle. The maids go to investigate and it appears she has been kidnapped.
Rosie Falta
Rosie Westmore (Dania Ramirez) originates from Guadalajara, Mexico, having immigrated to the United States and takes a job for Peri and Spence Westmore as their maid. While saving money to get her son, Miguel, to America, Rosie goes about life serving the Westmores and also tending to their one-year-old son, Tucker. Rosie winds up entering into an affair with the unhappily married Spence, and is the first to learn that her new friend, Marisol, isn't really a maid, but undercover. While deciding to help Marisol in her investigation, Rosie also keeps hiding her and Spence's affair from Peri. Spence finally decides he wishes to leave Peri and proposes to Rosie, but when Peri sneaks Miguel into America and reunites him with Rosie, she can't bring herself to hurt Mrs. Westmore in such a way. It's only then that Peri learns of Rosie and Spence's affair, as they're about to call it quits, and she puts in a call to immigration and has the maid arrested.
Three months later, in the second season, Rosie goes on trial and is allowed to stay in America until scheduled to seek asylum six months later. She goes to reunite with Spence, who ends his marriage with Peri, but they're forbidden to be together when Peri threatens to destroy her husband's career if the world finds out he's leaving her for the maid. Meanwhile, Rosie finds work in the dysfunctional Miller household, headed by the post-stroke patriarch Kenneth Miller. She also starts seeing Kenneth's nephew, Reggie Miller, but overtime she comes to realize Reggie's been working to tear the family apart, getting wife Didi and daughter Lucinda kicked out, and is prepared to take all of Kenneth's money for himself. Rosie works to stop Reggie and reunite the Millers, and ends up reuniting with Spence. They get married, but when exiting the church, Rosie is shot by Ty McKay and winds up in a coma for the next four months.
Bringing the show into the third season, Rosie finally wakes up from her coma and goes to be with Spence, finally... until her supposedly deceased husband, Ernesto Falta, returns to the picture. Apparently he faked his death and has spent the last five years with the Gaviota Cartel. Rosie fights her feelings for both Spence and Ernesto, but ends up choosing Ernesto. In the meantime she finds work in the Stappord house, but starts to notice something going on with their daughter, Katy. Meanwhile, Ernesto turns out to have been working for the cartel, and he tries to kidnap Katy, really named Violeta, who the cartel has been after for quite sometime. Rosie finds out the truth and condemns her for it, and he decides to do the right thing and leave to settle things once and for all with the cartel, in order to ensure Rosie and Miguel's safety. This means he is stepping aside for her to be with Spence, but when she leaves to do so, she learns he has been beaten to the point of losing his memory of the last three years... giving Peri the perfect opportunity to return and brainwash her ex-husband against their former maid.
Six months later, in the fourth season, Rosie is now working for Genevieve Delatour, and still longs to be with Spence, who has gotten back together with Peri. With the help of their butler Jesse, however, Rosie is able to get to Spence, but after he pushes her away, he slips and falls and regains all his memories. He confronts Peri for her lies... and she is found murdered the next morning. Spence is arrested for the murder, despite being innocent, and Rosie works to prove his innocence. In order to stay close to the Westmores' son, Tucker, she gets a job as his nanny, working for Peri's sister, Shannon Greene. Rosie uncovers all of Peri's greatest secrets, such as the true paternity of Tucker, being that he is the product of Hugh Metzger drugging and raping Peri. However, Rosie ultimately finds out it wasn't Hugh that killed Peri, but his daughter, Gail Fleming. Once she is arrested, Spence is exonerated, and Rosie reveals she is pregnant from one of their conjugal visits. A year passes and Rosie's baby is born, and she attends Marisol's wedding where she and the other maids find that Marisol has been kidnapped.
Carmen Luna
Carmen Luna (Roselyn Sanchez) longs to be a famous singer, which is why she takes the job of being a maid for popstar Alejandro Rubio. While trying to get close to him in hopes he'll make her a star, she also has to battle the Russian housekeeper, Odessa. Meanwhile, Sam Alexander, the butler, is also crushing hard on Carmen, despite her not necessarily reciprocating his feelings... or so she thought. While they go through obstacles, Carmen comes to realize that she wants to be with Sam and they decide to move in together. However, word gets out that Alejandro is gay, and so his agents decide that he needs to marry a woman to convince the press otherwise; they make a deal with Carmen that if she marries Alejandro they'll make her a star, but that means breaking off her relationship with Sam. She chooses stardom.
In the second season, Carmen lives a life of luxury as Alejandro's glamorous fiancée, but this is cut short when he is shot dead by a band of robbers stealing from the rich in Beverly Hills. Carmen and Odessa mourn his loss, and from there Carmen is forced to find work elsewhere, that being in the home of Rosie's former boss, Spence Westmore. She becomes his new live-in maid, just as his nephew Ty McKay comes for an extensive stay. As it turns out, he's one of the robbers from the gang that killed Alejandro, not that Carmen knows that, and Ty starts to develop an unhealthy obsession for the maid. Once it becomes quite clear how mentally unstable he is, Spence is forced to make him leave as Carmen refuses to be anywhere near him. Spence ends up firing Carmen though, when he and Rosie are about to get married, and at a bar she meets Sebastien, who she sleeps with after he promises to introduce her to the Head of Talent for Discerna Records... then he finds out that it's really his wife. Carmen attends Rosie's wedding, but notices Ty just as he is about to drive and shoot it up.
Four months pass by the time of the third season, and Carmen is in an ongoing affair with Sebastien. Marisol, who has started up her own maid placement agency, sets Carmen up with a job for Evelyn and Adrian Powell, the latter of which she becomes the dominatrix of. With Adrian having learned of Carmen's affair with Sebastien, who is acting as his and his wife's realtor, he threatens to go to Sebastien's wife if they do not continue their S&M sessions. It's all put to a stop when Carmen finally goes to Evelyn though, and she finally gets the time to meet Sebastien's wife, Jacklyn, about making her a true star. Jacklyn becomes quite the fan of Carmen, and even interested in her in a more romantic way, but this is all cut short when she becomes aware of her affair with Sebastien. To punish the maid, she holds her under an exclusive contract to prevent her from making music anywhere else. Carmen's relationship winds up not even being worth it though, as it turns out Sebastien killed Louie Becker and Blanca Alvarez, and he winds up dying in the explosion of the Powell mansion.
Six months later, in the fourth season, Carmen continues to work for the Powells when she finds herself being visited by Daniela Mercado, the daughter she gave up years before. Initially Daniela believes the two of them are cousins, and Carmen chooses to keep it that way all throughout her stay in Beverly Hills, but she soon finds out the truth when Carmen argues over it with Danni's adoptive mother, Josefina. Carmen decides to push Danni away, however, and she decides to go on the hunt for her birth father instead. Mad at Carmen though, she returns claiming that he - Lucas - is dead, when in reality he is very much alive and wishes to see his high school lover. Carmen and Danni wind up becoming close again when Carmen saves her from being drugged and raped by Hugh Metzger, and the two decide to start their relationship over, but Carmen remains oblivious to the truth regarding Lucas. A year passes though, and Carmen attends Marisol's wedding where she and the other maids find that Marisol has been kidnapped.
Zoila Diaz
Zoila Diaz (Judy Reyes) is the maid of Genevieve Delatour, and mother of the teenaged Valentina. While her whole world revolves around her daughter's success, this means that she must prevent her from engaging in a relationship with Genevieve's son, Remi, as Zoila believes rich boys never fall for the help. This is because years ago Zoila had a relationship with Genevieve's brother, Henri, that didn't go so well, and when Valentina confronts her mother over this, she finally understands that she must let her daughter make her own decisions. Zoila stands by as Genevieve starts to go through a financial crisis and Valentina builds a relationship with Remi. What she does not support, however, is Valentina giving up her dream to go to Africa with Remi for a year. She convinces him to go without her, and to leave a note Zoila has previously already written. Valentina ends up finding out the truth though, and leaves for Africa without telling her mother. Meanwhile, Genevieve gets back together with her ex-husband, Philippe Delatour, something that goes unblessed by Zoila. The maid winds up taking part in unmasking him as having killed Flora Hernandez.
By the second season, three months have passed, and Zoila struggles to get in touch with Valentina. She soon returns from Africa though, having broken things off with Remi, and the two wind up making amends as Zoila decides to finally quit meddling in her life. Pablo, Zoila's husband, has previously left her for this, sending Zoila into the arms of chef Javier Mendoza. As the two fall hard and fast for one another, their relationship goes interrupted when Pablo returns to Zoila's life when Valentina gets into some trouble with the law. As the two start to spend more time together they wind up having an affair, and Zoila is left to choose which man she wishes to be with. She confesses the affair to Javier, but chooses Pablo... until she finds out he only wanted her back because he was homeless. She reconsiders her decision and return to Javier, but then finds out she's pregnant and doesn't know who the father is.
Four months later, in the third season, Zoila gets through mourning the death of Pablo, who was shot dead at Rosie's wedding, and is now more focused on revealing her pregnancy and confessing to whether or not the baby is his. Genevieve convinces her to pass it off as his, but when Zoila and Javier prepare to get married, she tells him the truth and he leaves her at the altar. This makes way for Zoila and Genevieve to start building on their own relationship, relying on one another, that is, until Genevieve begins seeing Dr. Christopher Neff, who frowns upon his girlfriend's closeness with the help. He works to sabotage their friendship, only for Genevieve to choose Zoila over him in the end. Zoila and Genevieve realize they do need to work on their relationship though, but now is not the time as Zoila goes into labor. Complications occur, however, and Genevieve is left to decide whom to prioritize: Zoila or her baby.
Six months pass, into the fourth season, and it's revealed Genevieve chose to prioritize Zoila and that she lost her baby in the hospital. Zoila is unable to forgive Genevieve, and winds up quitting, taking a job for an away fashion executive instead. As she'll be gone for six months though, Zoila starts to pass herself off as the owner of the house, which gets her into a relationship with a man named Kyle. This doesn't go approved by his mother Frances though, who works to sabotage it. Zoila also befriends Adrian Powell to fill the void Genevieve has left, but Zoila's fantasy starts to die down and she slowly breaks things off with Kyle. This is just as her employer, Fiona, is returning home though. Zoila plays a part in helping Rosie solve Peri Westmore's murder, as Kyle and Frances run a cult known as "The Circle" that has something to do with it, and Zoila quits her job for Fiona and returns to Genevieve. The two have made amends and decide to not meddle in each other's lives, which prevents Zoila from saying anything when she finds her boss has begun dating a woman named Lori. A year passes though, and Zoila attends Marisol's wedding, where she and Adrian exchange questionable glances. She and the other maids soon find that Marisol has been kidnapped.
Valentina Diaz
Valentina Diaz (Edy Ganem) is one of the maids of Genevieve Delatour, and the daughter of Zoila Diaz. She longs for the love of Genevieve's son, Remi, and attempts to form a relationship with him to her mother's dismay. Zoila works to prevent Valentina from getting close to him, as she believes rich boys never fall for the help, but after stepping aside she is proven wrong. Valentina ends up being able to get well acquainted with Remi, and after getting him through rehab when he becomes addicted to cocaine, he returns home and the two of them enter a relationship. It's when Remi wants to go to Africa for a year that Zoila tries to intervene again, as she doesn't want Valentina to throw away her dream of going to fashion school. She convinces Remi to go alone and leaving a pre-written note explaining why. This hurts Valentina, leading to Zoila confessing the truth; the mother and daughter have a falling out, and Valentina leaves for Africa without saying a word.
Three months pass by the time of the second season, and Valentina returns home as she and Remi have broken up. She tries to avoid Zoila at first, and takes a job as the Powells live-in maid, but she and her mother finally make up when Zoila promises to quit meddling in her daughter's life. Remi returns from Africa too, wanting Valentina back, but she finds herself in a new relationship with a poolboy named Ethan. Remi fights for Valentina's love, but the longer she spends with Ethan, the more his true colors comes out. Valentina officially terminates her relationship with Ethan when learning he is part of a robbery gang who killed Alejandro Rubio, and she gets back with Remi. This puts her in danger though, because, while Ethan goes on the run, the unstable member Ty McKay decides it's best to kill Valentina to keep her quiet. Valentina and Remi attend Rosie and Spence's wedding together, and Ty drives by to try and kill her, but misses, only killing her father Pablo instead.
Four months later, in the third season, Valentina and Remi are in a stable relationship, though the latter is more protective ever since the wedding shoot-out. When Remi finds himself being accepted into a school in New York, however, he convinces Valentina to join him since she can take a fashion internship up there too. They leave to do so, but not without becoming engaged and Remi taking Valentina's virginity.
Evelyn Powell
Evelyn Powell (Rebecca Wisocky) is the unhappy wife of Adrian Powell. She and her husband are the employers of murdered maid Flora Hernandez, and their lives start to peek the interest of Marisol Suarez, whose son, Eddie, was falsely arrested for killing the maid. As it turns out, Adrian runs a prostitution business where he hires women to sleep with his friends and then he records the sessions to make his own person pornography. This hobby disgusts Evelyn, but it's the only way to keep him from leaving her, as he blames her for their son being hit by a car; she looked away from him for just a few seconds. As Marisol digs through the Powells secrets, she works to find out the real killer of Flora Hernandez, but once doing so, she fails to get a proper confession out of him. It's the Powells who get justice for Flora, as they find out Philippe Delatour killed her, and they kill him themselves by poisoning him and throwing him off their balcony. Marisol and the maids add that he confessed to Flora's murder, and the Powells and the maids silently part ways.
Three months pass for the second season and the Powells appear to be in a fairly good place, that is, until their home is robbed during a dinner party and Adrian is left traumatized. Because of this, the couple hire a bodyguard named Tony Bishara, who Evelyn becomes instantly infatuated with. The couple also hire Valentina Diaz as a maid. Evelyn and Tony end up entering an affair, and they work to get Adrian sent off to a mental hospital for a brief period of time so they can be alone together; they just have to worry about Valentina. It's she who basically exposes their affair to Adrian, but when he catches them in the act he realizes how hurt he truly is. Adrian does away with Tony when learning he's really a con artist though, and works to rebuild his marriage with Evelyn. This is only enhanced when Marisol hauls her new husband, Nicholas Deering, who was also once friends with the Powells and make him confess to being the driver that ran over their son fifteen years before. As the Powells cry over this revelation, Marisol takes Nick to turn himself in to the police while Adrian and Evelyn decide to forgive one another for everything.
Four months later, and into the third season, Evelyn and Adrian seem to be happy, but their sex life lacks. Adrian comes to find he has a particular interest in bondage, whereas Evelyn decides she wants to sell their home when the severed leg of tennis pro Louie Becker winds up in their yard. Adrian fails to get Evelyn into his new found S&M lifestyle, and instead blackmails new maid Carmen Luna into joining him. She goes to Evelyn about this though, and it's put to a stop, while Evelyn has decided she desires the love of a child. She decides to foster a son by the name of Deion, who Adrian initially hated, but soon grows fond of. When he's taken away by his birth father though, Evelyn decides to end her marriage with Adrian. However, unforeseen events involving the exposure of their realtor Sebastien Dussault being an exposed as a murderer results in the explosion of their home, leaving Adrian's fate unknown.
A time jump of six months occur, making way for the fourth season, and Evelyn has become trapped in her marriage with Adrian as he fakes paralysis from the home explosion. Though she leaves him when learning the truth, Adrian is determined to make her fall in love with him again and so he works to destroy her life to send her crawling back. He seizes control over their accounts, preventing her from having any money, and she is forced to work for Marisol's maid company as her assistant. She begins dating Reverend James Hamilton, but this withers out when she realizes he's too nice for her. Adrian, meanwhile, decides to marry Gail Fleming in hopes of drawing Evelyn back, but they go through with signing their divorce papers, too stubborn. It's when Gail is arrested for murdering Peri Westmore that the Powells are left with the question of whether or not they get back together... and the answer goes unrevealed, as one year later Evelyn is seen acting as Marisol's maid of honor. It seems the bride has been kidnapped though, when she doesn't make it down the aisle.
Adrian Powell
Adrian Powell (Tom Irwin) is the unhappy husband of Evelyn Powell. He and his wife are the employers of murdered maid Flora Hernandez, and their lives start to pique the interest of Marisol Suarez, whose son, Eddie, was falsely arrested for killing the maid. As it turns out, Adrian runs a prostitution business where he hires women to sleep with his friends and then he records the sessions to make his own personal pornography. This hobby disgusts Evelyn, but it's the only way to keep him from leaving her, as he blames her for their son being hit by a car; she looked away from him for just a few seconds. As Marisol digs through the Powells secrets, she works to find out the real killer of Flora Hernandez, but once doing so, she fails to get a proper confession out of him. It's the Powells who get justice for Flora, as they find out Philippe Delatour killed her, and they kill him themselves by poisoning him and throwing him off their balcony. Marisol and the maids add that he confessed to Flora's murder, and the Powells and the maids silently part ways.
Three months pass for the second season and the Powells appear to be in a fairly good place, that is, until their home is robbed during a dinner party and Adrian is left traumatized. Because of this, the couple hire a bodyguard named Tony Bishara, who Evelyn becomes instantly infatuated with. The couple also hire Valentina Diaz as a maid. Evelyn and Tony end up entering an affair, and they work to get Adrian sent off to a mental hospital for a brief period of time so they can be alone together; they just have to worry about Valentina. It's she who basically exposes their affair to Adrian, but when he catches them in the act he realizes how hurt he truly is. Adrian does away with Tony when learning he's really a con artist though, and works to rebuild his marriage with Evelyn. This is only enhanced when Marisol hauls her new husband, Nicholas Deering, who was also once friends with the Powells and make him confess to being the driver that ran over their son fifteen years before. As the Powells cry over this revelation, Marisol takes Nick to turn himself in to the police while Adrian and Evelyn decide to forgive one another for everything.
Four months later, and into the third season, Evelyn and Adrian seem to be happy, but their sex life lacks. Adrian comes to find he has a particular interest in bondage, whereas Evelyn decides she wants to sell their home when the severed leg of tennis pro Louie Becker winds up in their yard. Adrian fails to get Evelyn into his new found S&M lifestyle, and instead blackmails new maid Carmen Luna into joining him. She goes to Evelyn about this though, and it's put to a stop, while Evelyn has decided she desires the love of a child. She decides to foster a son by the name of Deion, who Adrian initially hated, but soon grows fond of. When he's taken away by his birth father though, Evelyn decides to end her marriage with Adrian. However, unforeseen events involving the exposure of their realtor Sebastien Dussault being an exposed as a murderer results in the explosion of their home, leaving Adrian's fate unknown.
A time jump of six months occur, making way for the fourth season, and Evelyn has become trapped in her marriage with Adrian as he fakes paralysis from the home explosion. Though she leaves him when learning the truth, Adrian is determined to make her fall in love with him again and so he works to destroy her life to send her crawling back. He seizes control over their accounts, preventing her from having any money, and she is forced to work for Marisol's maid company as her assistant. Adrian starts to form a friendship with Zoila Diaz, despite finding out she's only pretending to be rich, and later decides to marry Gail Fleming in hopes of drawing Evelyn back, but they go through with signing their divorce papers, too stubborn. It's when Gail is arrested for murdering Peri Westmore that the Powells are left with the question of whether or not they get back together... and the answer goes unrevealed, as one year later Adrian attends Marisol's wedding. He sits in the audience as Evelyn is maid of honor, but the wedding is interrupted as it seems Marisol has been kidnapped.
Taylor Stappord
Taylor Stappord (Brianna Brown) marries Michael Stappord after they fall in love when she is paid to seduce him by Adrian Powell. Six months into their marriage they take on a new maid, Marisol, who is secretly trying to prove the innocence of her son, Eddie Suarez, who has been accused of murdering maid Flora Hernandez. Marisol becomes a confidante of Taylor's as she struggles to win the side of her husband, whose ex-wife, Olivia, continues to sink her claws into him. She eventually becomes pregnant with Michael's child, and despite some shenanigans pulled by Olivia, everything appears to be going well for the Stappords until Taylor is accidentally shot by a sniper, which was meant to hit Marisol. Taylor winds up losing the baby, and so she convinces Michael to tell Marisol everything he knows about Flora's murder.
After proving her son's innocence, Marisol quits working for the Stappords to resume her previous life, but she remains close friends with Taylor. Early in the second season, Taylor meets with Marisol where she reveals that she and Michael are moving to Washington D.C. and plan to adopt a child once getting settled in.
The Stappords return in time for the third season, however, with a new mysterious daughter in tow. Since moving to D.C. and back to Beverly Hills, Taylor and Michael's relationship has slowly begun to deteriorate, which leads Taylor to having an affair with Sebastien Dussault. Michael pays a friend, Louie Becker, to catch Taylor and Sebastien in the act, but Sebastien accidentally kills Louie and so he and Taylor cover up the murder. As Taylor's life continues to fall apart, with also having to raise the daughter she illegally adopted from Mexico, who she's hiding from a drug cartel, things only get worse as Marisol and new maid Rosie begin digging deeper in Taylor's secrets. Ultimately though, Michael leaves Taylor, but she and her daughter, Katy, flee Beverly Hills and take up new aliases.
Michael Stappord
Michael Stappord (Brett Cullen) is a Beverly Hills lawyer, once married to interior designer, Olivia Rice. After twenty years of being unhappily married, Michael had an affair with a prostitute named Taylor. They soon fell in love, and so Michael left Olivia to marry her. The Stappords wound up hiring a maid, Marisol; however, she is secretly the mother of the man arrested for Flora Hernandez's murder, and Michael represents the real culprit in the court of law. While also dealing with Olivia lingering in their lives, trying to win Michael back (even attempting suicide at one point to do so), Taylor soon learns she pregnant with Michael's baby though. She soon miscarries because of Flora's killer though, Philippe, and Michael tells Marisol everything she wishes to know afterwards.
The Stappords move away early on in the second season, with Michael getting a job in Washington D.C., and telling Taylor that once they're settled in they can look into adopting a child.
By the time of the third season, however, the Stappords return with a new daughter named Katy. Due to the stress of parenting, the Stappords' marriage is now hanging on by a strand, and Michael starts to suspect Taylor is having an affair. This proves to be true, but when Michael's friend sent to spy on Taylor ends up mysteriously murdered, questions begin to arise. The Stappords have two maids during the course of the season, one being Blanca Alvarez, and the other being Rosie Westmore. Both start to look into what the Stappords are hiding, though it turns out Michael is just as clueless as everyone else. Ultimately though, it becomes known that Taylor's lover - Sebastien Dussault - killed both Louie Becker and Blanca Alvarez. When Michael finds out it was Sebastien having an affair with his wife, he swears to kill Sebastien; however, Sebastien proceeds to shoot Michael dead. Taylor and Katy, meanwhile, run away and assume new aliases.
Peri Westmore
Peri Westmore (Mariana Klaveno) is an up-and-coming actress in Beverly Hills, as well as the wife of soap opera star, Spence Westmore. She and her husband are the employers of maid Rosie Falta, but as Peri is slowly becoming more and more famous, her marriage begins to deteriorate as a result. She neglects her husband and son - Tucker - delving into an affair with her costar. Meanwhile, Spence is busy falling in love with Rosie, and the two of them have an affair too; but when Spence suffers a heart attack, Peri sees the error of her ways and decides to make her marriage work. This fails though, as Spence is already madly in love with Rosie. When Peri commits a hit and run, Rosie decides to give up on trying to see the good in Peri and to run away with Spence, but this changes when Peri brings Rosie's son, Miguel, to America. Rosie tries to end her affair with Spence, but it just so happens this is when Peri learns the truth. As an act of revenge, Peri reports the maid to immigration and has her arrested.
Three months pass by the time of the second season, and Spence has stayed with Peri because he thought Rosie was lost to him forever. When Rosie is released though, she returns to the Westmores. Hoping to sink her claws into Spence and prevent him from leaving her, Peri lies to Spence and claims to be pregnant. Meanwhile, she has a doctor shoot her up with fertility drugs, but Spence decides to end their marriage regardless. Hurt and betrayed, Peri threatens to destroy Spence's career if word gets out that he was sleeping with their maid. She also gains full custody of their son and leaves to film for a movie in Rome.
Peri isn't seen again until the finale of the third season where she returns to Rosie and Spence's life. With Spence currently suffering from amnesia, having forgot the last three years of his life, Peri has Spence convinced that they're still married and Rosie is just their maid.
A total of six months pass going into the fourth season, and Peri has sorted out her story, and has Spence prepared to remarry her. Rosie finds out about this though and attempts to get through to Spence at Peri's party for winning an America's Choice Award. Though this initially fails, Spence regains his memories once Rosie leaves and he gets drunk and publicly confronts Peri for her lies. The following morning, Peri is found murdered in her bedroom and Spence is arrested for the crime. Believing Spence to be innocent, Rosie quests to find out the truth, and soon enough it's learned that Tucker isn't really Spence's son. Peri was raped by a movie director, Hugh Metzger, and he's the biological father. She was also part of a cult known as The Circle, and Peri's true killer was none other than Gail Fleming, Hugh's daughter, who was trying to cover up her father's rape accusations. Rosie has Gail arrested, and Spence is released from prison; however, he remains oblivious to Tucker's true paternity.
Spence Westmore
Spence Westmore (Grant Show) stars on the daytime soap opera, Love Affairs, and is married to up and coming actress, Peri Westmore. Together the two raise a son, Tucker, though he is primarily under the care of their maid, Rosie Falta. Due to Peri's rise to fame, she and Spence's marriage begins to fall apart as Peri evolves into just another Hollywood diva. As such, Spence winds up entering into an affair with Rosie, who he subsequently starts to fall in love with. Things go well for a while, but Spence eventually suffers from a heart attack. This causes Peri to re-evaluate her choices and decide to fix her marriage with Spence; and Rosie makes Spence put in some effort as well. When Rosie sees just how awful Peri is, however, she decides to run away with Spence and marry him, only for Peri to end up bringing over Rosie's son, Miguel, from Mexico. Refusing to betray Peri after such an act of kindness, Rosie breaks off her engagement to Spence, to his heartbreak, but it's too late, for Peri has discovered their affair. She reports Rosie to immigration as revenge and has her arrested.
Three months later, in the second season, Spence has stayed married to Peri because he had thought Rosie was lost to him forever. When Rosie is released though, Spence attempts to reunite; he ends his marriage with Peri, who had previously faked being pregnant as a way to maintain her grip on him, but she then threatens to destroy his career if word gets out Spence is leaving her for the maid. As such, Spence loses both his wife and Rosie, and Tucker, who Peri has sued for full custody of and is taking to Rome. Spence moves into a new house where he takes on Carmen Luna as a maid, and his nephew, Ty, comes to stay with him when his mother goes out of town. Ty develops feelings for Carmen though, and proves to be dangerous when he tries to poison Spence. Once Ty is asked to leave, Spence learns he's being killed off on Love Affairs and turns to alcohol to cope. Carmen and Rosie convince him to go to rehab, and once he returns, Rosie is there for him and they decide to get married. As they exit the chapel as husband and wife though, Ty commits a drive-by shooting in attempts to kill Valentina Diaz, but accidentally shoots Rosie instead.
The third season is set four months later, and Rosie wakes up from a coma she was put in after the shooting. She and Spence reunite, but quickly discover cracks in their marriage (including Spence's detour into softcore pornography to pay for Rosie's medical bills) as a result of tying the knot so fast Things take a drastic change though when Rosie's first husband, Ernesto Falta, returns to the picture. He had been thought to have been dead the last five years, but apparently this wasn't so. For a while Rosie had chosen to stay with Spence, but ultimately leaves him from Ernesto due to unresolved feelings. Spence is utterly heartbroken. He begins sponsoring Taylor Stappord in AA, and is briefly mistaken to have been having an affair with her. Rosie and Spence eventually get on speaking terms again, and when Rosie learns that Ernesto's time away involved poor choices on his part, she leaves him while he returns to Mexico to correct his wrongdoings. While Rosie had planned to return to Spence though, Ernesto's associate Hector had paid a visit to Spence, putting him in the hospital. As it turns out, Spence lost his memories of the last three years, and Peri shows up to "help" him remember the truth. As far as Spence is concerned, he and Peri are still married, and Rosie is their maid.
Six months pass, making way for the fourth season, and Peri straightens out her story, and has Spence prepared to remarry her. Rosie, who hasn't seen Spence since the hospital, learns about this and crashes one of Peri's parties to get through to him. She triggers a memory by calling him his former petname - "Mr. Spence" - but is gone before Spence trips and hits his head, regaining all of his memories. He proceeds to get drunk and confront Peri, who wakes up murdered the next morning. Spence is promptly arrested, but Rosie believes he is innocent and decides to crack the case herself. While Spence is in jail he becomes acquainted with a prisoner, Kill Face. During Rosie's quest, she learns that Spence isn't Tucker's father, but that Peri was raped by director, Hugh Metzger. She and Spence also get remarried in the prison in order to have conjugal visit. Spence breaks out of jail though when he sees what a toll solving Peri's murder is having on Rosie, but Rosie solves the case just in time before he can be punished. It was in fact Gail Fleming, Hugh's daughter, and she is arrested. Spence returns home where he and Rosie can be together, but Rosie withholds the truth about Tucker's paternity. However, she reveals that she's pregnant, and one year later it's revealed they had a baby.
Remi Delatour
Remi Delatour (Drew Van Acker) is the son of divorced parents Genevieve and Philippe who moves home to care for his depressed mother. Due to this, maid Valentina is able to pursue a romantic relationship with him, one that goes blessed by Genevieve and unblessed by Zoila. While things are successful at first, Remi calls the whole thing off due to the fact that it's causing a strain on Zoila and Genevieve's friendship. He later gets into cocaine though, and Valentina goes to her mother and they get Philippe to take him to rehab. When he returns home he's grateful for Valentina saving him, and Zoila is now standing aside for them to pursue a relationship. Meanwhile, the truth behind maid Flora Hernandez's murder is starting to come out and it's learned that she was pregnant with Remi's child. Remi, however, finds out that Philippe raped Flora and most likely murdered her and so he decides he cannot handle living in Beverly Hills anymore. He decides to leave for Africa and asks Valentina to go with him, but Zoila gets through to him beforehand and has him go without her. Valentina later learns of this and cuts off contact with her mother going to join Remi.
Three months later, in the second season, Remi remains in Africa while Valentina returns home, the two of them having broken up because Remi's been so busy working there. While Valentina begins getting close with Genevieve's new poolboy Ethan, Remi falls sick and is eventually forced to go home. He tries to win Valentina back, but she chooses Ethan instead; as such, Genevieve agrees to help her son will Valentina over. Cracks start to form in Valentina and Ethan's relationship and it's learned he's part of the robbery gang that's been robbing houses in Beverly Hills. He's stabbed, and so Remi stitches him up, but highly recommends Valentina go to the police. She winds up turning Ethan in while he flees town, and she gets back together with Remi. However, when the two attends Rosie and Spence's wedding, Valentina becomes a target for Ty McKay as he commits a drive-by shooting.
Four months for the third season and Valentina's father Pablo is long dead from the wedding shoot out. Remi, meanwhile, has become over-protective of his girlfriend due to fearing losing her since when gunshots went off he ducked rather than defended her. Remi is later accepted into a university in New York and wants Valentina to come with him and take the fashion internship Adrian got her. Before leaving, he proposes marriage as well as takes her virginity.
Sam Alexander
Sam Alexander (Wolé Parks) works as the butler and chauffeur of Alejandro Rubio, alongside the maid, Carmen, who he's become infatuated with. Carmen takes advantage of this, using Sam for numerous tasks in hopes of advancing her goal to stardom, not exactly reciprocating the feelings he has for her. This comes as a let down to Sam, but it's when she sees him with another woman that Carmen begins to feel something in return. Sam and Carmen begin seeing each other, but this is short-lived when Carmen realizes that their goals in life don't match up. Sam quits his job for Alejandro, leaving to become a manager, and he returns wanting to make Carmen a star. Carmen is touched by this and the two get back together, deciding to move in with one another, but Carmen is then offered a deal by Alejandro: pose as his wife for two years and he'll have his record company sign her on. She takes the offer, and Sam breaks things off, refusing to wait for her.
Genevieve Delatour
Genevieve Delatour (Susan Lucci) is Zoila and Valentina's boss, and the mother of Remi.
Nicholas Deering
Nicholas Deering (Mark Deklin) is Marisol's second husband and the man who ran over Barrett Powell.
Opal Sinclair
Opal Sinclar (Joanna P. Adler) is Nicholas' maid.
Tony Bishara
Tony Bishara (Dominic Adams) is the Powells' bodyguard who Evelyn had an affair with.
Ethan Sinclair
Ethan Sinclair (Colin Woodell) is Opal's son and the leader of a gang of robbers in Beverly Hills.
Sebastien Dussault
Sebastien Dussault (Gilles Marini) is a married man that Carmen has an affair with.
Ernesto Falta
Ernesto Falta (Cristián de la Fuente) is Rosie's first husband who was thought to be dead.
Jesse Morgan
Jesse Morgan (Nathan Owens) is a military veteran who becomes the first male maid for Marisol's placement agency.
Daniela Mercado
Daniela "Danni" Mercado (Sol Rodriguez) is established as Carmen's daughter in "Terms of Endearment", having been given away as a newborn so that Carmen could pursue her dreams of becoming a singer. Daniela reappears in Carmen's life in "Once More Unto the Bleach", on vacation in Los Angeles, still under the impression that she's the daughter of Carmen's cousin Josefina. Daniela decides to move to Los Angeles permanently in "Another One Wipes the Dust", wanting to pursue her own dreams of stardom, so she convinces Adrian to give her a job as a maid alongside Carmen. Adrian's wife Evelyn later agrees to set Daniela up with a music producer if she seduces Adrian on videotape. In "War and Grease", Carmen grows concerned about Daniela's reckless behavior, so she calls for Josefina to visit. Josefina arrives to take Daniela home in "Sweeping with the Enemy", which interferes with Daniela performing in an upcoming showcase. After Carmen goes behind Josefina's back to let Daniela perform, the two women get into a heated argument and Daniela overhears that Carmen is her biological mother. In "A Time to Spill", Daniela rejects Josefina as her mother, but Carmen salvages the relationship by affirming that nothing has changed between them. Hurt, Daniela returns to Puerto Rico in search of her birth father. Daniela returns in "I Saw the Shine", bringing with her the news that her birth father, Lucas, is dead. A later phone call reveals this to be a lie. In "Much Ado About Buffing", Daniela maintains closeness with Carmen in order to study her, secretly planning to audition for the role based on Carmen in the upcoming film adaptation of Marisol's book. Carmen learns of Daniela's ulterior motives, but chooses to support her daughter when she gets a callback. When meeting with director Hugh Metzger in "Grime and Punishment", Daniela is alerted by Carmen that he has bad intentions, so Daniela switches their drinks when Hugh isn't looking and he falls unconscious. Carmen comes to Daniela's rescue, and the two finally make amends as Carmen embraces Daniela as her daughter. Daniela maintains the secret that her birth father is alive.
Recurring characters
Introduced in season one
Flora Hernandez
Flora Hernandez (Paula Garcés) is the maid of Evelyn and Adrian Powell. During a party held at their mansion, Evelyn puts an end to Flora's affair with Adrian, only for Flora to collapse into their pool having just been stabbed. After Flora's lover Eddie Suarez is arrested for the crime, Eddie's mother Marisol takes a job as a maid in order to unveil the real culprit. In "Setting the Table", Marisol discovers a note written by Flora just before she was murdered that reveals she was raped. However, Adrian takes the note and burns it before Marisol can invest any further. Marisol comes to learn that Adrian would hire women to sleep with his married friends in "Wiping Away the Past", and he would secretly record their sessions. Flora was among the women that Adrian would hire. Marisol discovers a positive pregnancy test among Flora's belongings in "Making Your Bed", and Rosie, Carmen, and Zoila reveal that Flora's goal was to become rich off of having a millionaire's baby. In "Taking Out the Trash", it's revealed that Eddie proposed to Flora via email and she turned him down, thus giving him motive to kill. Eddie later recalls Flora was blackmailing someone with a video, which Marisol realizes must be part of Adrian's DVD collection. Once getting a hold of the DVD in "Scrambling the Eggs", Marisol learns that the man who raped Flora is not the same man fathering her unborn child. Marisol visits Flora's grandmother Mirta where she learns that the father was one of Eddie's friends. This is revealed to be Remi Delatour in "Hanging the Drapes", who she now believes to be the culprit. Remi is ruled out as a suspect in "Cleaning Out the Closet", but a connection is established between Remi and Flora's rapist. In "Getting Out the Blood", Marisol deduces that the rapist and killer is Remi's father, Philippe Delatour, and she is set on exposing him in "Totally Clean". Though Marisol fails to get a confession from Philippe, Evelyn and Adrian also piece together that he killed Flora and they take matters into their own hands. Adrian poisons Philippe, and Marisol and the fellow maids act as witnesses to Philippe's confession, thus avenging Flora and getting Eddie exonerated.
In "The Dark at the Top of the Stairs", Marisol is in the process of writing a book about her time as a maid, trying to unveil Flora's killer and get her son exonerated. The book has been published by the start of "Awakenings", and has made the New York Times Best Seller list. The book is in the process of being adapted into a film in "Once More Unto the Bleach", with Eva Longoria cast as Flora.
In earlier versions of the series' pilot, Flora's name was "Florencia Sanchez", but she still preferred being called "Flora" for short.
Eddie Suarez
Eddie Suarez (Eddie Hassell) caters for a party at the home of Evelyn and Adrian Powell where maid Flora Hernandez is brutally murdered and he winds up framed for the crime, being in possession of the knife used to stab the maid. His mother Marisol takes a job as a maid in order to unveil the true culprit. In "Setting the Table", it's established that Eddie was adopted after Marisol learned she was unable to conceive children, as well as the fact that Eddie had a romantic relationship with Flora. After learning that Flora was pregnant with another man's baby, Eddie's lawyer Ida Hayes meets with the A.D.A. in "Taking Out the Trash" to prove that someone who wasn't Eddie had motive to kill Flora; however, the A.D.A. presents them with emails they discovered that reveal Eddie proposed to Flora, two months after they started dating, and that she rejected him. Marisol berates Eddie for keeping this information from her, but he helps rectify the situation by recalling a phone conversation Flora had where she discussed blackmailing a man she had recorded on video. In "Hanging the Drapes", it's revealed that Eddie supported himself for two years by dealing drugs, and Marisol figures out that the father of Flora's child was one of Eddie's clients, Remi Delatour. Marisol figures out that the killer was in fact Remi's father, Philippe Delatour, and she sets out to expose him in "Totally Clean". Eddie celebrates his liberation with Marisol and her maid friends Rosie, Carmen, and Zoila at the park, only for Rosie to be detained by immigration officials. In "An Ideal Husband", Marisol reveals to her new maid Opal that Eddie has gone back east to finish school.
In earlier versions of the series' pilot, the character framed for Flora's murder is said to be Marisol's husband rather than her son. According to Curtis Kheel, the writers discussed bringing Eddie back during the third season for a storyline with Marisol's new boyfriend Jesse in which he'd have more in common with Jesse than his mother did.
Tucker Westmore
Tucker Westmore (uncredited baby actors, seasons 1–2; Carter Birchwell, season 4) is the newborn son of Peri and Spence, primarily under the care of maid Rosie Falta. In "Setting the Table", Spence tells Rosie that the reason he stays married to Peri is so that Tucker doesn't grow up the same way he did, caught in the middle of a never-ending custody battle between his parents. Spence proposes the idea of an open marriage to Peri in "Taking Out the Trash", suggesting it be the best way for them to remain together for Tucker's sake. This changes once Rosie tells Spence about Peri's affair, but Rosie encourages Spence to think about what's best for Tucker. In "Minding the Baby", Rosie takes a part-time job as the Powells' maid and brings Tucker to work with her. Evelyn starts to develop an attachment to the baby, and Rosie uses this as a way to snoop around the mansion. Adrian warns Rosie to keep Tucker away from Evelyn in "Scrambling the Eggs", upon learning of his wife's developing attachment for the baby. When Evelyn brings Tucker a birthday gift, she catches Rosie and Spence together and threatens to expose their affair to Peri if Rosie doesn't keep bringing Tucker around. Adrian eventually convinces Evelyn to back down.
Spence finally ends his marriage with Peri in "The Dark at the Top of the Stairs", but she threatens to sue for full custody of Tucker if he continues to see Rosie. Though Spence agrees to Peri's terms, it's revealed in "Betrayal" that Peri went ahead and sued for custody anyway. In "Long Day's Journey Into Night", Spence hears back from his attorney and learns that Peri got full custody. When Tucker's nanny is arrested for shoplifting in "Proof", Peri agrees to reconsider the custody agreement if Spence watches Tucker for a week while her film wraps production. Because Spence is away at rehab, Carmen is forced to take care of him.
In "Once More Unto the Bleach", Tucker is living with both Spence and Peri again, now that they've gotten back together. Peri's sister Shannon gains custody of Tucker in "War and Grease", following Peri's murder and Spence's arrest, and acts as the supervisor of Tucker's trust until he comes of age. Rosie convinces Shannon to hire her as Tucker's nanny. In "The Maid Who Knew Too Much", Tucker and Rosie attend family day at the prison where they are able to see Spence. Benjamin Pacheco, a member of The Circle, later collides with Rosie's car as she's taking Tucker home. The two end up in the hospital with seemingly minimal injuries. Frances, head of The Circle, poisons Ben for involving Tucker in the car accident as he is "the key to everything". Tucker collapses in "Blood, Sweat and Smears", suffering from internal injuries due to the car accident and is in need of surgery. Spence donates his blood for the operation, but he and Tucker have different blood types. As it turns, out Spence is not Tucker's biological father. In "Grime and Punishment", Rosie learns that director Hugh Metzger raped and impregnated Peri with Tucker, and that The Circle knew this, blackmailing him into bankrolling the cult. When Hugh's daughter Gail Fleming is arrested for killing Peri, Spence is exonerated and reunited with Tucker. Rosie reveals that she's pregnant and that Tucker will be a big brother.
In earlier versions of the series' pilot, Tucker's name was "Toby Davis".
Odessa Burakov
Odessa Burakov (Melinda Page Hamilton) is Alejandro Rubio's Russian house manager.
Hamilton's casting was announced in November 2012. Set to appear in a recurring capacity for the first season, she and Matt Cedeño were expected to be upped to series regulars should the show be renewed for a second season. Though the series was renewed, plans changed and both Hamilton and Cedeño were written off after three episodes.
Alejandro Rubio
Alejandro Rubio (Matt Cedeño) is a Latin pop singer and Carmen's boss. He is homosexual.
Cedeño's casting was announced in November 2012. Set to appear in a recurring capacity for the first season, he and Melinda Page Hamilton were expected to be upped to series regulars should the show be renewed for a second season. Though the series was renewed, plans changed and both Cedeño and Hamilton were written off after three episodes.
Olivia Rice
Olivia Rice (Valerie Mahaffey) is Michael's unhinged ex-wife.
Ida Hayes
Ida Hayes (Maria Howell) is Marisol's lawyer.
Pablo Diaz
Pablo Diaz (Alex Hernandez) is Zoila's husband.
Philippe Delatour
Philippe Delatour (Stephen Collins) is Genevieve's ex-husband, and the man who killed Flora Hernandez.
Miguel Falta
Miguel Falta (Octavio Westwood, seasons 1–2; Alejandro Vera, seasons 3-4) is Rosie's son.
Introduced in season two
Dahlia Deering
Dahlia Deering (Susie Abromeit) is Nicholas' deceased wife.
Reggie Miller
Reggie Miller (Reggie Austin) is Rosie's immigration lawyer.
Kenneth Miller
Kenneth Miller (Willie C. Carpenter) is Rosie's paraplegic boss and Reggie's uncle.
Didi Miller
Didi Miller (Tiffany Hines) is Kenneth's second wife, a former stripper.
Lucinda Miller
Lucinda Miller (Kimberly Hebert Gregory) is Kenneth's daughter, an aspiring artist.
Ty McKay
Ty McKay (Gideon Glick) is Spence's nephew and part of the gang of robbers in Beverly Hills.
Javier Mendoza
Javier Mendoza (Ivan Hernandez) is a professional chef who almost married Zoila.
Carter and Jason
Carter (Alexander Biglane) and Jason (Sean Flynn) are part of the gang of robbers in Beverly Hills. Carter killed Alejandro Rubio.
Rick Dresden
Rick Dresden (Deke Anderson) is Adrian's private investigator.
Introduced in season three
Jerry
Jerry (Alec Mapa) is Rosie's nurse.
Gail Fleming
Gail Metzger Fleming (Julie Claire) is a Beverly Hills socialite who murdered Peri Westmore.
Blanca Alvarez
Blanca Alvarez (Naya Rivera) is a maid in Beverly Hills who is kidnapped and killed.
Katy Stappord
Katy Stappord (Grecia Merino) is Taylor and Michael's adopted daughter with a mysterious past.
Louie Becker
Louie Becker (Eddie Mills) is a tennis pro who winds up dead.
Christopher Neff
Christopher Neff (John O'Hurley) is a doctor who Genevieve almost marries.
Jacklyn Dussault
Jacklyn Dussault (Michelle Hurd)
Deion
Deion (Issac Ryan Brown) is Evelyn and Adrian's foster son.
Joy
Joy (Joy Osmanski) is Dr. Neff's maid and Zoila's rival.
Introduced in season four
Benjamin Pacheco
Benjamin "Ben" Pacheco (Carlos Ponce) is a member of The Circle, in cahoots with Peri.
Peter Hudson
Peter Hudson (James Denton) is the head of the movie studio producing the film adaptation of Marisol's book. He's also Genevieve's former husband.
Kyle
Kyle (Ryan McPartlin) is Zoila's neighbor.
Frances
Frances (Stephanie Faracy) is Kyle's mother and the head of The Circle.
Shannon Greene
Shannon Greene (Katherine LaNasa) is Peri's sister.
Kill Face
Stuart "Kill Face" Pearlman (Owen Harn) is a fellow inmate Spence befriends in prison.
Hugh Metzger
Hugh Metzger (Sam McMurray)
James Hamilton
James Hamilton (Sean Blakemore) is a local reverend who hires Marisol's maid placement agency to cater his annual gala in "A Time to Spill". During the event he becomes infatuated by Evelyn Powell, asking her out on a date at the end of the evening. In "The Maid Who Knew Too Much", James and Evelyn begin seeing each other regularly, and Evelyn's estranged husband Adrian tries to bribe James to stop seeing her. James accepts the check, but he gives it to Evelyn so she can finally hire a good divorce lawyer and escape her marriage. Evelyn meets with an attorney in "Blood, Sweat and Smears" who informs her that she must move back into the mansion if she plans to take anything in the divorce. As such, James assists Evelyn in breaking back into her home, and Evelyn informs Adrian that James will be around more often. Hoping to drive a wedge between James and Evelyn in "I Saw the Shine", Adrian calls for his PI to look into James' background. In "Much Ado About Buffing", however, James ends his relationship with Evelyn upon seeing she still has feelings for Adrian.
Blakemore's casting was announced in March 2016.
References
Devious Maids |
"Heavy Love Affair" is a funk song recorded by American soul singer Marvin Gaye. Released as the second and last single off Gaye's last Motown album, In Our Lifetime, in 1981, the song was based on Gaye's real-life emotional crisis after being separated from his wife at the time. In some parts of the song, Gaye knows that he's a major female attraction but still feels the warmth of his lost love saying "lots of ladies love me/but it's still a lonesome town" bringing that point clearer in the next verse saying "you got me looking for love (again)". The song became one of his lowest-charted Billboard hits on the R&B side reaching just #61 there becoming the final release of Gaye's on the Tamla (Motown) label before he left the label for Columbia the next year. The musical background of this song originally came from the song, "Life's a Game of Give and Take" from Marvin's aborted 1979 release, Love Man
Record World described the song as a "hypnotic single" and praised Gaye's "trademark cool tenor" and the graceful "light funk line" in the music.
References
1981 singles
Marvin Gaye songs
Songs written by Marvin Gaye
Song recordings produced by Marvin Gaye
Songs based on actual events
1980 songs |
The Minnie Y. and Frank P. Mattes House is a historic building located in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. Its significance is attributed to its association with the prominent Des Moines architectural firm of Proudfoot, Bird & Rawson, and it calls attention to their residential work. The historic designation includes the large scale Tudor Revival house, automobile garage, and the retaining wall and entrance steps that were all constructed in 1910 for the Mattes. Both Frank and Minnie were from prominent Des Moines German-American families. He was a brewer until prohibition in the city, and he was then involved with real estate. The property was sold to Guy M. and Madeline Lambert in 1944, who sold it to the Drake University sorority Kappa Kappa Gamma in 1959. Other houses in the neighborhood were converted in a similar manner.
This is an early example of the Tudor Revival style in Des Moines, which would become the dominant architectural style in the city by the 1920s and 1930s. While the original single-family residence was completed in 1910, two additions were built onto it by the sorority in 1961 and in 1993. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.
References
Houses completed in 1910
Tudor Revival architecture in Iowa
Houses in Des Moines, Iowa
National Register of Historic Places in Des Moines, Iowa
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
Kappa Kappa Gamma |
Mollie Gillen (née Woolnough; 1908–2009) was an Australian historian, researcher, writer and novelist. Her work on the First Fleet, in The Search for John Small, First Fleeter and The Founders of Australia: a Biographical Dictionary of the First Fleet, explored the idea that many of the founding families of Australia were descended from the convict population, rather than those sent to guard them. Gillen's article "Maud Montgomery: The Girl Who Wrote Green Gables" instigated a new era in scholarship on Lucy Maud Montgomery.
Early life and education
Mollie Gillen was born Mollie Woolnough in Sydney, New South Wales in Australia, the daughter of Dr. R. E. Woolnough and Bertha Grace Woolnough (née Youdale) in 1908.
When she was 10, her parents died within a few months of each other. Her father, who was a medical doctor, died of influenza due to tending many patients after World War I. Mollie grew up under the care of her grandparents. She was educated at Loreto Normanhurst and in 1930 graduated with a bachelor of arts from the University of Sydney. While working in London in the 1930s, she met her future husband, Orval John Gillen, a warrant officer with the Royal Canadian Air Force Headquarters Staff then stationed in England. They were married in London on 25 June 1940 and moved to Canada in 1941.
Writing career
Gillen's writing career started in the 1950s. As a federal government information officer in Ottawa, she edited government journals. She was also active on the executive of the University Women's Club of Ottawa, serving as its first vice-president.
Mollie's first mystery novel, Star of Death, was published in England in 1960. Also her many short stories were published in various publications including The Sunday Evening Post.
In 1961, she moved to Toronto and eventually became associate editor and staff writer for the Canadian magazine Chatelaine. Mollie published numerous articles for this women's magazine, concerning social problems in the community.
Her research led her to write and publish many books on various topics important to Canada and Australia including: The Masseys: Founding Family (1965), The Prince and His Lady (1970), The Assassination of the Prime Minister (1972), The Wheel of Things: A Biography of L.M. Montgomery (1975), The Search for John Small (1985) and The Founders of Australia: A Biographical Dictionary of the First Fleet (1989).
In 1995, she received Hon.D. Litt. from her alma mater for her work on the First Fleet and the history of early Australia. She was made a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in recognition of her contributions "to genealogy and to Australian historical research" in the 1995 Australia Day Honours.
Later life
Dr. Gillen lived in Dolphin Square in London for many years before returning to Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Gillen lived in a nursing home in Toronto, Ontario from 2002 until her death on 31 January 2009. She was survived by her daughter Barbara and sister Marjorie. Her husband Orval and son Ian both predeceased her.
Publications
A Star of Death (1960) — A thriller set in England and Australia.
The Masseys: Founding Family (1965) — Enlarged from the three part series that won the President's Medal of the University of Western Ontario for the best article published in Canada in 1965 in the general article category.
The Prince and His Lady: The Love Story of the Duke of Kent and Madame de St. Laurent (1970) — Published in England, Canada and the USA. It is the story of Prince Edward Augustus, later Duke of Kent and father of Queen Victoria, and his relationship with French mistress Madame de St Laurent. Dr. Gillen received Her Majesty the Queen's gracious permission to work in the Royal Archives at Windsor Castle.
Assassination of the Prime Minister: The Shocking Death of Spencer Perceval (1972) — An account of the murder in the House of Commons of the British Prime Minister Spencer Perceval in 1812. Dr. Gillen researched and used many original letters and papers in the British Library for writing this book.
The Wheel of Things: A Biography of L. M. Montgomery (1975) Dr. Gillen discovered over 40 of Montgomery's letters to her pen-friend George Boyd MacMillan in Scotland and used them as the basis for her work. The letters were later published by Elizabeth Epperly and Francis W.P.Bolger.
Royal Duke: Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex (1773–1843) (1976)
The Search for John Small, First Fleeter (1985) — A study of an early Australian convict settler.
The Founders of Australia: A Biographical Dictionary of the First Fleet (1989) — This is the work on the first fleet that led to her honorary doctorate and being awarded the Order of Australia.
References
External links
Biography
Mollie's Honorary Doctorate
In Celebration of Mollie Gillen's 90th Birthday The Avonlea Traditions Chronicle. Winter 1998-99, Issue No.26. By Yuka Kajihara
20th-century Canadian novelists
1908 births
2009 deaths
Australian centenarians
Canadian centenarians
20th-century Australian novelists
Australian mystery writers
Canadian mystery writers
Australian women novelists
Canadian women novelists
Writers from Sydney
Writers from Toronto
Australian emigrants to Canada
Australian biographers
Australian women biographers
Canadian women biographers
20th-century Canadian biographers
20th-century Canadian women writers
Women mystery writers
Canadian women non-fiction writers
20th-century Australian historians
Members of the Order of Australia
Women centenarians
20th-century Australian women |
David Mbodj, known as Mbodj (born 15 September 1994) is a Senegalese football player who currently plays for the Lega Pro club F.C. Catania.
References
Senegalese men's footballers
1994 births
Living people
Men's association football defenders
Delfino Pescara 1936 players |
On 22 December 1978, a small Cessna 188 aircraft, piloted by Jay Prochnow, became lost over the Pacific Ocean. The only other aircraft in the area that was able to assist was a commercial Air New Zealand flight. After several hours of searching, the crew of the Air New Zealand flight located the lost Cessna and led it to Norfolk Island, where the plane landed safely.
The incident
Jay Prochnow, a retired US Navy pilot, was delivering a Cessna 188 from the United States to Australia. Prochnow had a colleague who was flying another Cessna 188 alongside him. The long trip would be completed in four stages. On the morning of 20 December, both pilots took off from Pago Pago. His colleague crashed on takeoff but was unharmed. Prochnow landed and set out the following day to Norfolk Island.
When Prochnow arrived at the region where he believed Norfolk Island was, he was unable to see the island. He informed Air Traffic Control (ATC), but at this point, there was no immediate danger. He continued searching; after locating more homing beacons from other islands, he realised his automatic direction finder had malfunctioned and he was now lost somewhere over the Pacific Ocean. He alerted ATC and declared an emergency.
There was only one aircraft in the vicinity, Air New Zealand Flight 103, a McDonnell Douglas DC-10 travelling from Fiji to Auckland. The flight had 88 passengers on board. The captain was Gordon Vette, the first officer was Arthur Dovey, and the flight engineer was Gordon Brooks. Vette knew that if they did not try to help, Prochnow would almost certainly die. Vette was a navigator, and at the time of the incident, he still held his licence. Furthermore, another passenger, Malcolm Forsyth, was also a navigator; when he heard about the situation he volunteered to help. As neither Prochnow nor the crew of the DC-10 knew where the Cessna was, the crew had to devise creative ways to find it. By this time, contact between both aircraft had been made on long-range HF radio. Prochnow had crossed the international date line, and the date was now 22 December.
Vette was able to use the setting sun to gain an approximate position of the Cessna. He instructed the Cessna to point directly at the setting sun. He did the same and noted the difference in heading between the aircraft as four degrees. After making an allowance for the different altitudes of the aircraft, the difference in sunset times between the aircraft and Norfolk Island was also noted. This data allowed the crew to calculate that the Cessna must be southwest of the DC-10 by about 400 nautical miles. About 25 minutes after turning in that direction, contact on short-range VHF radio was established. This had a range of 200 nautical miles. It was hoped the DC-10 would be making a vapour trail to make it more visible. After contacting Auckland it was determined that weather conditions were not suitable for a trail. Brooks knew that by dumping fuel they could produce a vapour trail. As the search was getting more and more desperate, they decided to try it. Prochnow did not see the trail, and darkness was increasing. Vette wanted all the passengers to be involved, so he asked them to look out of the windows and invited small groups to come to the cockpit.
As the light conditions became darker, Prochnow considered ditching, but Vette encouraged him not to give up. So they also used a technique known as "aural boxing" to try to pinpoint the small plane; this took over an hour to complete. Once it had been done, they had a much better approximation of Prochnow's position. The DC-10 used its strobe lights to try to make itself more visible to the Cessna. It took some time, but eventually, Prochnow reported seeing light. This was not the DC-10, it was an oil rig, and Prochnow went towards it. This was identified as Penrod, which was being towed from New Zealand to Singapore. This gave Prochnow's exact position. After some confusion about the exact position of the Penrod, it was finally established that the estimates of the crew of the DC-10 were accurate. Prochnow was able to make it to Norfolk Island with his remaining fuel. He touched down on Norfolk Island after being in the air for twenty-three hours and five minutes.
Events following the incident
McDonnell Douglas awarded the crew a certificate of commendation for "the highest standards of compassion, judgment and airmanship."
Gordon Brooks was the flight engineer on Air New Zealand Flight 901 and was killed when the DC-10 crashed into Mount Erebus, Antarctica, on 28 November 1979. Vette published a book about the Flight 901 disaster, called Impact Erebus.
The incident was dramatised in the American 1993 made-for-TV movie Mercy Mission - the Rescue of Flight 771. It starred Scott Bakula as Jay Prochnow (which was changed to Perkins in the movie) and Robert Loggia as Gordon Vette.
References
Emergency; Crisis in the Cockpit, Stanley Stewart, pp 1–25.
External links
A detailed explanation of the calculations the crew used to find the Cessna
Article on Captain Gordon Vette discussing his role in the investigation of the Erebus crash
Air New Zealand accidents and incidents
Aviation accidents and incidents in 1978
1978 in Australia
December 1978 events in Oceania |
Jerome Paul Booth (born July 1963) is a British economist, author, emerging markets investor and Chairman of New Sparta. He was previously Head of Research at emerging market asset manager Ashmore Group plc. He is Chairman of Anglia Ruskin University, and a former Chairman of UK Community Foundations (UKCF).
Early life
Jerome Booth received a Bachelor of Science in Geography from the University of Bristol. He then received an MPhil and DPhil in Economics from the University of Oxford.
Career
Booth started his career at the Department of Trade and Industry, where he was responsible for multi-lateral development banks, before being appointed a strategic planning officer at the Inter-American Development Bank in Washington DC. During this period, Booth was also a lecturer in Economics at Christ Church, Oxford.
In 1994, Booth joined ANZ as Head of Research for the Emerging Markets Group before being appointed Head of Market Research for ANZ Investment Bank with global responsibility for fixed-income and foreign exchange research.
In 1999, Booth was part of the management buy-out of ANZ Investment Bank that established Ashmore Group plc, the emerging market asset management firm, and was appointed Head of Research and spokesperson. The team bought ANZ Emerging Market Fund Management, which had approximately $500m in assets, and listed it on the London Stock Exchange.
While at the company Booth was a high-profile advocate for emerging markets and argued that investors should allocate half of their portfolio to emerging market assets. He was described as "evangelical in his enthusiasm for emerging markets" by The Financial Times. In 2014, he also published 'Emerging Markets in an Upside Down World', a critique of finance theory, that argued that investors had underestimated risk in the developed world and overestimated it in the emerging markets.
In 2013, Booth retired from Ashmore to establish New Sparta, a London-based investment vehicle. Booth is also the principal shareholder of New Sparta Productions and Notgoingtouni.
Booth is also former Chairman of Anglia Ruskin University, former Chairman of UK Community Foundations (UKCF) and an Honorary Visiting Professor at Cass Business School. A keen musician, he is also Chairman of the Britten Sinfonia and a Board Member of the Royal Philharmonic Society. He was previously Chairman of the Fitzwilliam Museum Development Trust.
Booth is also a director of the Global Warming Policy Foundation.
Selected publications
Emerging Markets in an Upside Down World: Challenging Perceptions in Asset Allocation and Investment (The Wiley Finance Series), 2014.
References
1963 births
Living people
British economists
Alumni of the University of Bristol
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Academics of Bayes Business School
English investors |
The Center of Contemporary Architecture (C:CA) was founded in Moscow in 2001 by the Russian Academy for Architectural and Building Science, Moscow Architectural Institute (MArchI), Moscow Art History Institute and Architectural Gallery as a cultural non-governmental organization.
C:CA is focusing its attention on the quality of current architecture when everything is run by ruthless rules of the real estate market. C:CA aims to create a new vibrant informational structure, that would help the development of the Russian architecture and its incorporation into the world culture process.
The main C:CA tasks are:
to support of the innovative ways in Russian architecture
to stimulate the creative potential of Russian architects
to draw public attention to architectural problems
to spread currently absent knowledge of architectural masterpieces in the global architectural information exchange
to develop international professional connections, supporting the architectural community of Russian province.
C:CA is a non-governmental and non profit organization, supported by Ford Foundation and other organizational and private sponsors. Irina Korobina heads C:CA since 2001, when she was appointed as a Director.
Initiatives
Architecture on TV
This one of priority directions of activity C:CA activity. Within four years C:CA run out the weekly TV show "Architectural gallery", author Irina Korobina. Broadcast on Cultural TV Channe.
150 episodes have run as part of the series in the last four years, focusing on such issues as urban development analysis of European cities (especially Moscow), portraits of the world’s and Russia’s star architects, information on architectural events in Moscow and international events such as the Venice Biennale and the Pritzker Prize, a report on the most important buildings of the 1920s.
External links
C:CA / Center of contemporary architecture official website
References
Architecture organizations
Organizations based in Moscow
Organizations established in 2001
2001 establishments in Russia
Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences
Non-profit organizations based in Russia |
Several ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Prometheus.
, launched in 1807, was involved an action in the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic in 1809 (see or ). She was used for harbour service from 1819, renamed (fireship) in 1839 and broken up in 1852.
was an paddle sloop launched in 1839.
was a protected cruiser launched in 1898, and sold in 1914.
Royal Navy ship names |
Five Against Venus, written by Philip Latham, is a science-fiction novel first published in the United States in 1952 by the John C. Winston Company. Philip Latham was the nom de plume of Robert S. Richardson, a professional astronomer who also provided technical assistance on movies such as Destination Moon and wrote scripts for the Captain Video television series.
This is one of the thirty-five juvenile novels that comprise the Winston Science Fiction set, which novels were published in the 1950s for a readership of teenage boys. The typical protagonist in these books was a boy in his late teens who was proficient in the art of electronics, a hobby that was easily available to the readers. In this novel, Bruce Robinson differs from that pattern in having no special skill, only a knowledge of astronomy.
Under the article on Venus in the Encyclopedia of Science Fiction, the writer says that "Philip Latham's Five Against Venus (1952) is a Venusian Robinsonade." Indeed, in overall form the story is Swiss Family Robinson in space, though the precipitating crisis owes more to the 1950 movie Rocketship X-M.
Characters
Paul Robinson: headed for a new job on the moon, he never dreamed that he would be the leader of an impromptu expedition to another planet.
Helen Robinson: an ordinary American housewife who must regain the pioneer spirit to set up housekeeping in an alien environment.
Bruce Robinson: sixteen years old, he yearns to travel in space, but then finds that it is not what he expected.
Frank Robinson: six years old, he only wants to play with the strange machine retrieved from the wreckage of the spaceship.
Jim Gregor: pilot/navigator of the deep-space ship Aurora, he performs the ultimate act of courage to save the lives of his ship's passengers.
Dr. Bram Simmons: an eccentric scientist, he went to Venus by himself five years ago and was not heard from again – until now.
Plot summary
After another boring day at Los Angeles High School, Bruce Robinson is delighted to hear that his long-unemployed father, Paul Robinson, has found a job – on the moon. A short time later the Robinson family boards the rocketship that will take them to meet the deep-space ship Sirius, which will take them to the moon. But as they approach the disc-shaped deep-space ship they see that, instead of Sirius, they will be riding the Aurora to the moon.
Once the Robinsons have boarded the Aurora and settled in, Bruce meets Jim Gregor, who shows him the ship's controls. Bruce and Gregor then join the engineer and the captain (neither man is named in the story) in the cargo hold to move some boxes. When one of the boxes breaks open and reveals a strange-looking machine, the captain warns Bruce never to tell anyone what he saw.
With the ship under way, Bruce develops a hunch that something has gone wrong. He sees that an emergency light has come on and informs Gregor. The pilot discovers that the ship's engines have been over-running and that the ship is on a course that will pass close to Venus (in the 1950 movie Rocketship X-M the over-running of the engines takes the lunar-bound ship to Mars). With insufficient propellant to return to Earth, Gregor attempts to make an emergency landing on a mountainside and dies in the crash. Prior to the crash, the captain and the engineer bail out in a rocket-propelled lifeboat.
Little more than shaken up in the crash, Bruce and his father recover supplies from the wrecked spaceship. The supplies include, to their astonishment, a pair of carbines and boxes of ammunition. Finding a cave next to a waterfall near the wreck, they move in and set up camp.
On several occasions Bruce hears a soft rustling and on others he hears a ringing in his ears and feels heat on his face. The other members of the family have similar experiences and they dismiss them as part of getting acclimatized to an alien environment.
With their supply of canned food running low, Paul and Bruce go hunting, assuming that Venusian animal life would be edible. They follow the stream coming out of their waterfall and soon find what appears to be an artificial enclosure woven from vines using trees as supports. Inside the improvised corral they encounter a creature similar to Diplodocus, but with a tame demeanor. They drive the docile creature toward their cave, intending to butcher it when they arrive, but change their decision and keep it as a pet after it saves Frank from a carnivorous plant.
Having brought samples of the tubers and the pear-like fruit that the beast had eaten, Paul and Bruce find them edible and the family begins eating them when their canned food runs out. Meanwhile, Paul is getting sick from the infection of a cut he suffered when he hit his arm against a rock. Later, after he has a good amount of sleep, Paul's arm heals, seemingly in spite of having been covered by the fast-growing green mold that grows on any and all organic substances.
While foraging for more tubers, Bruce hears a ringing in his ears, feels his face grow hot, and then loses consciousness. He is awakened by a strange man who introduces himself as Bram Simmons, a scientist who came to Venus alone five years earlier. Nearby stand several man-sized bat-like creatures whose ultrasonic emissions had knocked Bruce out. Simmons shoos the bat-men away and tells Bruce what kind of trouble he and his family are in. The bat-men are vampires, usually drawing blood from the dinosaur-like beasts kept in corrals around the area, and that there is a large colony of bat-men nearby.
After Bruce returns to the cave, as night is falling, the Robinsons come under attack. At first Paul and Bruce repel the attackers with their carbines, but then they run out of ammunition. As all seems lost, star shells and grenades explode in the valley below the cave, and the bat-men, thrown into confusion and distress, flee the scene: the space marines have landed.
Having assumed that no one survived the crash of the Aurora, the spacemen have come to retrieve the gadget that Aurora'''s captain had warned Bruce not to mention. It is a top-secret military machine — and Frank has been playing with it! With the machine in hand, the spacemen take the Robinsons back to Earth with them: Simmons chooses to stay on Venus, living with the bat-men.
At home the Robinsons have been hounded by reporters, but now their fame is waning. One man, though, seeks them out to offer them something. He represents a pharmaceutical company to which Bruce took samples of Venusian life, and he tells the Robinsons that the green mold that was such a nuisance produces an antibiotic more powerful than penicillin. He then tells the Robinsons that his company is offering them enough money to solve their financial problems for years to come.
Backstage on Venus
"Backstage on Venus" is the title of Chapter 21, which serves as an appendix. As a professional astronomer the author knew everything that had been discovered or postulated about Venus up to 1952 and he described how he used that knowledge to set his stage.
Publication history
1952 Feb, US, Five Against Venus, The John C. Winston Company (Winston Science Fiction #3), LCCCN 52–5496, hardcover (vii+214 pp)
1952 Nov, Italy, Tra i vampiri di Venere (Among the Vampires of Venus) in Urania #1, publ. Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, digest magazine (160 pp)
1953, The Netherlands, De Vleermuismannen van Venus (The Batmen of Venus), West-Friesland (Wetenschap en Fantasie), hardcover (187 pp)
1956, Germany, Irrfahrt zur Venus (Wandering to Venus), Astron-Bücherei/AWA Verlag/E.F.Flatau Co./München (Munich), hardcover (234 pp)
1956 Mar, US, Five Against Venus, The John C. Winston Company (Winston Science Fiction #3), LCCCN 52–5496, hardcover (vii+214 pp)
1957 Sep, US, Five Against Venus, The John C. Winston Company (Winston Science Fiction #3), LCCCN 52–5496, hardcover (vii+214 pp)
Reviews
In the Kirkus Reviews, the reviewer wrote that the story takes the reader on a journey, "From Earth to Venus and back to Earth again goes Bruce Robinson after his father has been made public relations man of Tycho City on the moon. One result of the journey is the discovery of a bacteria killing mould. Other features are the discovery of an enigmatic scientist marooned on Venus some years before – the dangers of the Venusian batmen and their burning ultra-sonic waves – infra-red plants as the main source of oxygen. There are important human elements here too – the maturing of Bruce; the question of emotions in the batmen and the mysterious scientist's relationship with them. This is written in a flip, tangy manner that seems to complement the fantasies which are described, and the scientific basis for the writer's imagination is discussed in an enlightening last chapter."
The book was also reviewed by:
George O. Smith in Space Science Fiction for November 1952
an uncredited reviewer in Space Stories for October 1952
Sam Merwin, Jr. in Amazing Stories for October 1952
Groff Conklin in Galaxy Science Fiction for November 1952
P. Schuyler Miller in Astounding Science Fiction for November 1952
Robert W. Lowndes in Future Science Fiction for January 1953
References
Further reading
Tuck, Donald H. (1974). The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy''. Chicago: Advent. pg. 365. .
External links
1952 American novels
1952 science fiction novels
American science fiction novels
Children's science fiction novels
Space exploration novels |
Ulyanitsa () is a rural locality (a village) in Ust-Alexeyevskoye Rural Settlement, Velikoustyugsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 5 as of 2002.
Geography
Ulyanitsa is located 59 km southeast of Veliky Ustyug (the district's administrative centre) by road. Opalevo is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Velikoustyugsky District |
Dalia Sofer (, born 1972) is an Iranian-born American writer.
Early life and education
Born in Tehran, Iran, she was raised in a Jewish family during revolutionary Iran. At age 11 she moved to New York City. Later she studied French literature at NYU with a minor in creative writing. She received an MFA from Sarah Lawrence College. Her first novel, The Septembers of Shiraz, was published in 2007.
Awards and recognition
Sofer is the recipient of the 2008 PEN/Robert W. Bingham Prize for The Septembers of Shiraz. She has also won a 2007 Whiting Award for fiction, and has been a resident at Yaddo.
Books
The Septembers of Shiraz (2007)
Man of My Time (2020)
References
External links
Profile at The Whiting Foundation
New York Times Questions for Dalia Sofer
1972 births
Living people
21st-century American novelists
American women novelists
American people of Iranian-Jewish descent
Jewish American writers
Writers from Tehran
New York University alumni
Iranian Jews
Sarah Lawrence College alumni
21st-century American women writers
21st-century American Jews
Jewish women writers
Iranian emigrants to the United States |
Temple Christian School is a private K-12 Christian school in Mansfield, Ohio, United States.
Athletics
The Temple Christian Crusaders are independent of an athletic league. They compete in the following sports:
The soccer field is located at 998 Beal Rd. in Mansfield.
External links
Temple Christian School homepage
References
Christian schools in Ohio
Buildings and structures in Mansfield, Ohio
Education in Richland County, Ohio
High schools in Richland County, Ohio |
Laure Coutan-Montorgueil (1855-1915) was a French sculptor.
Biography
Coutan-Montorgueil née Martin was born in 1855 in Dun-sur-Auron. She studied with Alfred Boucher. Coutan-Montorgueil exhibited her work in the Woman's Building at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois. She died in 1915.
Gallery
References
External links
1855 births
1915 deaths
19th-century French women artists
20th-century French women artists
19th-century French sculptors
20th-century French sculptors |
Ten Deadly Sins (十宗罪) is a series of six true crime novels written by Chinese author Li Wei Wang (王黎伟) under the pen name "SPIDER".
The series was adapted for TV in 2016.
Crime novel series
Chinese-language novels |
SFC Stern 1900 is a German football club based in Berlin-Steglitz, currently playing in the Berlin-Liga (VI).
Stadium
SFC Stern 1900 usually plays its home fixtures at the 1,000 capacity Sportplatz Schildhornstraße.
Honours
The club's honours:
Berliner Landespokal
Runners-up: 2011
References
External links
SFC Stern 1900
Football clubs in Germany
Football clubs in Berlin
Association football clubs established in 1900
SFC Stern 1900 |
Edward Rosslyn Mitchell (16 May 1879 – 31 October 1965) was a politician who as Member of Parliament (MP) represented the constituency of Paisley, Scotland in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1924 to 1929. He sat as a Labour Party MP, but had earlier unsuccessfully stood for the Liberal Party.
He was educated at Hillhead High School and then the University of Glasgow.
He stood as Liberal candidate for Buteshire in the December 1910 general election. He was called 'The Pocket Rosebery'. He was Labour candidate for Glasgow Central against Prime Minister Bonar Law at the 1922 general election and the 1923 general election. He was elected the Member of Parliament for Paisley in 1924, beating former Prime Minister H. H. Asquith. He stood down in 1929.
References
External links
People educated at Hillhead High School
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Paisley constituencies
1879 births
1965 deaths
UK MPs 1924–1929
Scottish Labour MPs
Scottish Liberal Party parliamentary candidates |
The Socialists.sk () is a non-parliamentary left-wing political movement in Slovakia, which was established by registering on October 8, 2019 at the Ministry of the Interior. The aim of the movement is to promote values based on three basic pillars – social, environmental and peaceful. The movement is to bring a radical, left-wing democratic alternative to predatory capitalism, which destroys justice, equality and life on Earth. The current party leader is Artur Bekmatov.
History
The movement was founded in October 2019 by left-wing activist and former presidential candidate, Eduard Chmelár. Socialisti.sk ran independently in the 2020 parliamentary election, but failed, gaining 0.55% of the vote. Subsequently, Chmelár resigned as chairman and in June 2020 the party assembly elected Artur Bekmatov as the new chairman, Chmelár remained the honorary chairman.
Electoral results
National Council
Party leadership
Chairman
2019–2020 – Eduard Chmelár
2020–present – Artur Bekmatov
References
External links
Official site of the movement
Socialisti.sk in the Register of parties and movements of the Ministry of Interior of the SR
2019 establishments in Slovakia
Alter-globalization
Anti-militarism
Democratic socialist parties in Europe
Ecosocialist parties
Political parties established in 2019
Socialist parties in Slovakia
Syndicalist political parties |
The Simpson County School District is a public school district based in Mendenhall, Mississippi, USA. The district's boundaries parallel those of Simpson County.
Schools
Magee High School
Mendenhall High School
Magee Middle School
Mendenhall Junior High School
Magee Elementary School
Mendenhall Elementary School
Simpson Central School
In 2022 the district plans to consolidate the two high schools into a single school. The two were previously athletic rivals. The athletic rivalry had been in place in the preceding decades.
Mac Gordon, a former newspaper employee from McComb, Mississippi who wrote an editorial for The Clarion Ledger, described the consolidation as "stunning news" considering that it involves two high schools with "sound" performance in academic parameters, in "progressive communities with much pride" in these institutions. The consolidated facility will be known as Simpson County High School. In February 2022 the district proposed a bond for $39 million for the new high school; if passed, the art and sports facilities would open at the same time the new high school opens. Voters rejected the bond.
Demographics
2006-07 school year
There were a total of 4,292 students enrolled in the Simpson County School District during the 2006–2007 school year. The gender makeup of the district was 48% female and 52% male. The racial makeup of the district was 52.40% African American, 46.44% White, 0.89% Hispanic, 0.16% Native American, and 0.12% Asian. 67.1% of the district's students were eligible to receive free lunch.
Previous school years
Accountability statistics
See also
List of school districts in Mississippi
References
Further reading
https://www.simpsoncounty.ms:443/local-news/school-district-proceeding-consolidation
https://www.simpsoncounty.ms/front-page-slideshow-news/consolidated-high-school-proposal-be-presented#sthash.AQVxGgdq.dpbs
External links
Education in Simpson County, Mississippi
School districts in Mississippi
School districts in the Jackson metropolitan area, Mississippi |
Tooperang is a small town and locality on Fleurieu Peninsula in the Alexandrina Council, South Australia. It includes the Cox Scrub Conservation Reserve. At the , the "suburb" of Tooperang (which also included both Mount Jagged and Mosquito Hill) recorded a population of 377 people.
The Tooperang Hall on Bull Creek Road hosts the Astronomical Society of South Australia (ASSA) on a regular basis where members take advantage of the geography of the region which blocks light spill from metropolitan Adelaide to create ideal conditions for astronomy. The locality of Tooperang extends west from the town along Cleland Gully Road.
Tooperang is located within the federal division of Mayo, the state electoral district of Finniss and the local government area of the Alexandrina Council.
References
Towns in South Australia |
Fruktsoda (Swedish for: fruit soda) is a lemon-lime flavored soft drink from Sweden, similar to 7 Up and Sprite. Fruktsoda is made by various breweries in Sweden. It is also a popular ingredient in cocktails.
Lemon-lime sodas
Soft drinks
Swedish drinks |
She's Missing (originally titled Highway) is a 2019 drama film directed by Alexandra McGuinness and starring Lucy Fry and Eiza González. The film premiered at the Virgin Media Dublin International Film Festival in March 2019.
Plot
The abduction of a rodeo queen and military wife sends her best friend on a search through the hostile desert and a host of unseemly characters.
Cast
Lucy Fry as Heidi
Eiza González as Jane
Christian Camargo as Lyle
Josh Hartnett as Ren
Blake Berris as Gus
Sheila Vand as Cherry
Antonia Campbell-Hughes as Marina
C. J. Wallace as Taylor
Olivia Spinelli as Chalet
Production
Principal photography began on mid-July 2017 in Ruidoso, Albuquerque, and Moriarty, New Mexico. Filming wrapped in August 2017.
Reception
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of based on reviews, with an average rating of .
References
External links
2019 films
2010s female buddy films
American female buddy films
Films shot in New Mexico
2010s English-language films
2010s American films |
Zafaran-e Olya (, also Romanized as Za‘farān-e ‘Olyā; also known as Za‘farān) is a village in Mansuri Rural District, Homeyl District, Eslamabad-e Gharb County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. The population was 634 in 147 families as of the 2006 Census.
References
Populated places in Eslamabad-e Gharb County |
Ponte Sublicio, also known as Ponte Aventino or Ponte Marmoreo, is a bridge linking Piazza dell'Emporio to Piazza di Porta Portese in Rome (Italy), in the Rioni Ripa, Trastevere and Testaccio and in the Quartiere Portuense.
The most ancient bridge in Rome crossed river Tiber just downstream of the Tiber Island, in correspondence with the former ford that, during the protohistoric age, was a required stop along the north-south way, at the feet of the Aventine Hill. Its building has been ascribed to King Ancus Marcius (642 - 617 BC) by Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus.
Origin of the name
The name comes from the Volscian word sublica, meaning "wood planks". In effect the bridge had been entirely built with wood and it is famous for the mythical episode of Horatius Cocles, during the first years of the Roman Republic.
Present bridge
The present bridge, bearing the same name of the ancient one, was built in 1918 after a design by Marcello Piacentini; it links the two banks of the Tiber in correspondence to Piazza di Porta Portese and Piazza dell'Emporio.
Ancient bridge
No remains have left of the ancient bridge, but it rose in correspondence to the present Via del Porto (probably close to the present Via di Ripa, as suggested by the text "Roma, Il primo giorno" by A. Carandini - Laterza, 2012), at the north end of the monumental complex of San Michele a Ripa Grande.
The religious tradition (originated by the necessity to easily disassemble the bridge for defense purposes) prescribed that no other material than wood could be used. The bridge was held sacred (the designation "pontiff" or pontifex derives from the term pons) and archaic ceremonies were played on it, among which the throwing into the river of the Argei, or straw puppets (maybe a recollection of more ancient human sacrifices) during the ceremony called Lemuria.
The bridge withstood several restorations and reconstructions (60 BC, 32 BC, 23 BC, 5 AD, 69 AD, under Antoninus Pius and maybe under Emperors Trajan, Marcus Aurelius and Septimius Severus). On the imperial-age monetary depictions, the far ends of the bridge show arches with statues.
Remarkable remains of the bridge had been visible in the bed of Tiber until 1890 or so, when they were completely demolished during the works for the adaptation of the urban stretch of the river, as a preventive measure against floods.
References
Bridges in Rome
Stone bridges in Italy
Road bridges in Italy
Rome R. XIII Trastevere
Rome R. XII Ripa
Rome R. XX Testaccio |
Senator Hubbell may refer to:
Alrick Hubbell (1801–1877), New York State Senate
Don Lorenzo Hubbell (1853–1930), Arizona State Senate
James Randolph Hubbell (1824–1890), Ohio State Senate
Jay Abel Hubbell (1829–1900), Michigan State Senate |
The following is a list of prisoner-of-war camps in the Soviet Union during World War II. The Soviet Union had not signed the Geneva convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War in 1929.
Polish POWs
On September 19, 1939, Lavrenty Beria (the People's Commissar for Internal Affairs) ordered Pyotr Soprunenko to set up the NKVD Administration for Affairs of Prisoners of War and Internees to manage camps for Polish prisoners. The following camps were established to hold members of the Polish Army:
Yukhnovo (rail station of Babynino),
Yuzhe (Talitsy)
Kozelsk
Kozelshchyna
Oranki
Stolbnyi Island on Lake Seliger near Ostashkov (ru)
Putyvl (rail station of Tyotkino),
Starobelsk (ru)
Vologod (rail station of Zaenikevo),
Gryazovets
German POWs
Voikovo prison camp
Hungarian POWs
Komsomolsk-on-Amur
Notes
.
.01
P
Soviet Union
Pow Camps
.Pow Camps
World War II prisoner-of-war camps in the Soviet Union |
The 41st New York Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the American Civil War. They were nicknamed De Kalb Regiment. The regiment was formed from German immigrants from both New York and Pennsylvania.
Uniform
Initially, the regiment wore a uniform that was based on the Jaeger uniform of Germany. It consisted of a dark green frock coat with red trimming and cuff flaps, dark green pants with a red stripe down the leg, a dark green kepi with a red band, and black shoes. In addition to the Jaeger uniform, Company K of the regiment wore a French/American zouave uniform. This uniform consisted of a dark blue zouave jacket with red trimmings, dark blue pantaloons with red braiding, a sky blue sash, a dark blue zouave vest with red trimming, a red tasseled fez with a thin yellow band around it. Dark blue Zouave panatloons were worn with a red stripe on the outseam tucked into deerskin jambières, and white gaiters made from canvas or drill (fabric)..
See also
List of New York Civil War units
Footnotes
Citations
References
Infantry 041
Military units and formations established in 1861
1861 establishments in New York (state)
Military units and formations disestablished in 1863 |
Bistrivode () is a village in the municipality of Višegrad, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
References
Populated places in Višegrad |
```html+erb
<h4>INSTRUCTIONS</h4>
<p>Please review the recently-flagged submissions below and vote on the <%= Rails.application.settings["abbreviation"] %> paper page whether you believe the submission is in scope, or out of scope.</p>
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<p><%= link_to "VOTE ON SCOPE HERE", "#{Rails.application.settings["url"]}/papers/#{issue.paper.sha}" %> · <%= link_to "View review issue", "path_to_url#{Rails.application.settings['reviews']}/issues/#{issue.number}" %> · <%= link_to "View software repository", issue.paper.repository_url %></p>
<hr />
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``` |
Óscar Humberto Évora Santos (born September 8, 1960) in Lém Ferriera, Cabo Verde is a Cape Verdean politician and the Governor of the central Bank of Cape Verde .
Santos was the president of Praia city council from 2016 to 2020. He has been the Governor of Banco de Cabo Verde since 4 January 2021.
Education
Oscar holds a Bachelor’s degree in Economic Theory and Quantitative Methods and Master’s degree in Economics, Specialization in Business and Finance, from the American University, Washington DC, United States of America.
Career
Oscar was the former Mayor of Praia from 2016-2020, and previously worked with the World Bank in 1994 and the United Nations in 2000.
Reference
Living people
1960 births
Cape Verdean bankers
Central bankers
Presidents of municipalities in Cape Verde |
"Gideon Rises" is the twentieth aired episode of the animated television series Gravity Falls and the final episode of the series' first season. Premiering on August 2, 2013, on the Disney Channel, it was directed by John Aoshima and Joe Pitt, and written by Alex Hirsch, Matt Chapman, and Michael Rianda.
The series follows twins Dipper (voiced by Jason Ritter) and Mabel (voiced by Kristen Schaal) as they spend their summer vacation at their great uncle's tourist trap, where they are introduced to the paranormal side of the town of Gravity Falls. The episode is the second part of the two-part finale, following "Dreamscaperers", and sees Dipper and Mabel, and their great uncle Stan (voiced by Alex Hirsch), and friend Soos (voiced by Alex Hirsch) as they try to get back their stolen house from their nemesis Gideon Gleeful (voiced by Thurop Van Orman).
The episode had a viewership of 3.2 million. "Gideon Rises" was released for digital distribution as part of the series Volume 2.
Plot summary
Gideon Gleeful has taken control of the Mystery Shack, forcing the Pines family to move in with Soos at his grandmother's house. At a press conference, Gideon announces his intentions to turn the Mystery Shack into his own personal theme park, Gideonland, which the Pines family see on television. After failing to convince the town of Gideon's true nature, Mabel worries about where are they going to stay if they don't get the Mystery Shack back. Meanwhile, at the Mystery Shack, Gideon reveals to his father the true nature of his book; the story reads that it was written a long time ago by a brilliant unknown author who learned the secrets of Gravity Falls, secrets too powerful for one man, and hid the journals where no one could find them, knowing that when the journals are brought together, it would lead to a gateway of "unimaginable power". However, he is unaware that there are three journals and not two. Gideon says that codes and maps from the journal have led him to believe that the other book is hidden somewhere on the Mystery Shack's property.
Meanwhile, Dipper and Mabel are told that they are heading on the next bus out of Gravity Falls. With advice from their own journal, Journal 3, they soon come up with a plan: assembling the gnomes that had tried to kidnap Mabel at the beginning of the summer to try to take back the shack, but the gnomes are stopped by Gideon's pig whistle. As the gnomes grab a hold of both Dipper and Mabel, Dipper drops the third journal, and Gideon takes it from him. Dipper and Mabel then leave the town on the bus. Back at the Mystery Shack, Gideon is overjoyed to have the journal he stole from Dipper, until discovering it is the journal number 3 to his dismay. Believing that Dipper is trying to get the first out of town, Gideon takes a giant robot look-alike and goes after their bus.
Upon watching the Gideon-bot, Dipper and Mabel tell the bus driver, Soos, to run. Gideon chases and corners the bus at the edge of a cliff. Dipper and Mabel escape the bus, but Gideon corners them. As Dipper denies having the first journal, Gideon grabs Mabel and throws Dipper aside, planning to rule Gravity Falls with Mabel as his queen. Dipper jumps off the cliff into the Gideon-bot, where he and Gideon start to fight, with Dipper beating Gideon. However, the bot loses balance and falls off the bridge, but Mabel and Dipper are saved by Mabel's grappling hook. A large crowd surrounds the robot, to which Gideon lies that Dipper and Mabel tried to kill him. As the police get ready to arrest Dipper and Mabel, Stan shows up and reveals that Gideon is a fraud; he uses hidden video cameras inside the pins he gives out to spy on the local citizens. The police arrest Gideon after the townspeople turn against him, and Stan takes the deed and Journal 2 from him. The Pines return to the Mystery Shack and start settling their things back in their room, when Stan goes to check on them. Dipper and Mabel tell Stan that they were talking, and they wanted to show Stan the journal, exclaiming that they finally trust him. Stan laughs, crediting everything the twins told him to be a result of reading the book, and takes it to Dipper's disappointment, but Mabel cheers him up and the twins have a water fight with Soos.
Later that night, Stan takes Journal 3 and later opens a hidden passage door behind the Mystery Shack vending machine. He walks into a hidden laboratory and goes down an elevator. Revealing that he was the one with ownership of Journal 1, he places the three books together with each opened at a specific page revealing the blueprint for a machine. He uses codes from the pages to activate the machine. As the episode closes, he merely says "Here we go!".
Reception
"Gideon Rises" was released on August 2, 2013, as the last episode of the Gravity Falls first season and received a viewership of 3.2 million in the United States. The episode was nominated for a Golden Reel Award under the category Best Sound Editing - Sound Effects, Foley, Dialogue and ADR Animation in Television. The A.V. Club gave the episode a grade of "A", concluding "No single half-hour could wrap up all the questions Gravity Falls has raised over this season, but this episode shows an impressive knack for knowing which questions need answering and which can be safely ignored. And the biggest question it answers isn’t even really on the radar until the final minutes of the episode, as Stan finally reveals just how much he's been fooling everyone all this time. Alex Hirsch nails Stan's reaction to being presented with Dipper's journal, as he can’t quite mask his initial, genuine excitement before returning to his oblivious disguise. It's still not at all clear where this is all headed towards, but the show appears on the verge of changing irrevocably."
International airdates
October 9, 2013: Switzerland
November 26, 2013: Germany
March 14, 2014: Austria
References
External links
Gideon Rises at IMDb
Gravity Falls episodes
2013 American television episodes
Television episodes about robots |
Cannabis in New Caledonia is illegal, but is cultivated illicitly. Sources note that "hard drugs" are rare in New Caledonia, and their drug issues are primarily confined to cannabis, with local Kanak chiefs being anti-drug and working to eradicate cannabis plantations.
References
New Caledonia
Society of New Caledonia |
Jiřina Štěpničková (3 April 1912 – 5 September 1985) was a Czech actress. She spent 10 years in prison for an attempt to illegally cross a border.
Life
Jiřina Julie Štěpničková was born on 3 April 1912 in Prague. She started acting at age 16 when her high school professor Jindřich Honzl brought her to Liberated Theatre. In 1930 she was already acting in the National Theatre. From 1936 to 1951 she was acting in the Vinohrady Theatre. In the 1930s and 1940s she was a lead actress in many Czechoslovak movies.
In 1951, she decided to emigrate after receiving a letter allegedly from František Čáp inviting her to West Germany. However the letter was planted by secret service. She was arrested and sentenced to 15 years in prison. Her son was sent to a children's home. Her actor colleagues Zdeněk Štěpánek, Karel Höger or Vlasta Fabianová petitioned the government to have her released. She was finally released in 1961. After her release she continued to play in theatres and appeared in supporting roles in movies. She was fully rehabilated by the government in 1969.
She died on 5 September 1985 in Prague. She is buried at the Olšany Cemetery.
Her son is an actor Jiří Štěpnička.
She is played by Zuzana Stivínová in a 2019 television movie about her life Past.
Selected filmography
Ecstasy (1933) - voice
Romance from the Tatra Mountains (1934)
The Heroic Captain Korkorán (1934)
Jedenácté přikázání (1935)
Camel Through the Eye of a Needle (1936)
Grandmother (1940)
Jan Cimbura (1941)
Barbora Hlavsová (1942)
Happy Journey (1943)
The Respectable Ladies of Pardubice (1944)
The Girl from Beskydy Mountains (1944)
Saturday (1945)
Transport from Paradise (1962)
Larks on a String (1969)
Witchhammer (1970)
References
Czechoslovak film actresses
Czechoslovak stage actresses
Merited Artists of Czechoslovakia
1912 births
1985 deaths
Actresses from Prague
20th-century Czech actresses
Burials at Olšany Cemetery |
Beatnik Filmstars were a British Lo-fi pop group formed in Bristol in 1990. After splitting up in 1998, going on to side projects Kyoko and Bluebear, they re-formed in 2004, releasing several more albums before splitting again in 2008.
History
Singer Guitarist Andrew Arthur Jarrett started Beatnik Filmstars when the band he was previously in (The Groove Farm) split up. Formed in 1990, the first line up also featured former Groove Farm members Jon Kent (guitar) and Jeremy (Jez) Butler (Drums) along with bass player Andy Henderson.
The band's first album Maharishi was released in 1991. It found them getting lumped into the shoegazing scene, with songs that featured loud/quiet/loud passages, and swirly guitar sounds. But Jarrett was more influenced by US sounding bands and the band soon broke away from their 'shoegaze' phase.
Their second and third albums (Laid Back & English and Astronaut House) found them experimenting with more Lo-Fi sounds and guitar noise. Released on the UK indie label La Di da Records, and newly formed La Di Da/Caroline Records in the USA. The band had now changed line up with John Austin and Tim Rippington (formerly of The Flatmates and 5 Year Plan) both joining as guitarists replacing Kent. And Ian Roughley taking over drums. While Henderson was replaced by Jez Francis on bass. By the time the band had released their next album Beezer (a collection of singles and sessions) on the US label Slumberland, Tom Adams had replaced Roughley on drums. The band's first US tour was supporting The Flaming Lips after hooking up with US management Hellfire.
The next album Phase 3 was to be one of the band's biggest sellers. Released on their own Mobstar label in the UK and the independent No Life Records in the US, reviews commented on the lo-fi recording quality and the pop style songs, with one reviewer calling the band "the English Guided By Voices", and others making similar comparisons. The band were also compared to Sebadoh, Pavement, Sonic Youth, and The Fall. John Peel was a big supporter of the band on their home turf and between 1994 and 1998 they recorded five Peel sessions, as well as once being invited to sit in and chat with him during one of his broadcasts. The next album In Hospitalable was released on US label Merge Records. Again reviews were mostly positive, although most referred to the album title as In Hospitable!.
This was followed by one more album Boss Disque again released on Merge Records and also the German label Noise-o-lution. Their second tour of the US found them supporting Merge label mates and label owners Superchunk, as well as one show with Guided by Voices. The band's albums were selling well, and making headway in the college radio charts, but the band were finding it a struggle back on home ground. During a tour of Germany in 1998 the band cracked and fell to pieces. Jarrett, Adams and Austin went on to record three albums of lo-fi quietcore music under the name Kyoko. But these failed to sell well despite getting good reviews. Jarrett also recorded as Bluebear, releasing an album and two EPs in 2002.
Reformation
In 2004 Jarrett brought Beatnik Filmstars back to life with Rippington and Adams back in place along with new members Geoff Gorton (bass) and Maurice Roache (keyboards). The band released their attempt at a pure pop record on the UK's Track & Field Indie label. Jarrett later described it as 'a half successful album'.
Another collection album Barking followed on The International Lo-Fi Underground, collecting together various singles and unused tracks. The next album Shenaniganism (Tape Hiss & Other Imperfections) was released in 2007, with the first 500 CD's each coming with a hand made sleeve. But the band was once again beginning to feel boxed into style and the band's final album The Purple Fez Club 72 saw them breaking away to a more mellow sound, with hints of alt country seeping into their pop songs, the band now being compared with Lambchop. Again reviews were mostly favourable, but the band were finding it hard to connect with any labels or people with clout enough to help them move forward, so after one final download only album, Broken Bones, Jarrett called time for good.
Now working under the name Our Arthur, Jarrett continues to write and perform pop songs and includes in live shows, songs from his time with both Beatnik Filmstars and The Groove Farm.
Discography
Albums
Maharishi (1991), Big Sky
Laid-back and English (1993), La-Di-Da
Astronaut House (1994), La-Di-Da
Phase 3 (1997), Mobstar
In Hospitalable (1997), Merge
Boss Disque (1998), Merge
Forensic Evidence Suggests Foul Play (2006), Zenith Consol Tone
In Great Shape (2006), The Track & Field Organisation
Shenaniganism (Tape Hiss and Other Imperfections) (2007), The International Lo-Fi Underground
The Purple Fez 72 Club Social (2008), Satisfaction
Mini-albums
All Pop Stars Are Talentless Slags (1997), Mobstar/Scratch
Compilations
Beezer (1995), Slumberland/Mobstar
Barking (A Collection of Oddities) (2007), The International Lo-Fi Underground
Left Hooks (Songs That Got Nowhere) (2007), The International Lo-Fi Underground - A collection of unreleased tracks & out-takes
Cat Scan Aces (2007), Panda
Singles, EPs
"Clothes" (1992), Summershine
Summer Party II Bomb EP (1993), Tranquil (flexi-disc)
Revolt into Style EP (1993), La-Di-Da
Lap Dog Kiss EP (1993), La-Di-Da
"Bigot Sponger Haircut Policy" (1994), Mobstar
"Apathetic English Swine" (1994), La-Di-Da
Bridegrooms EP (1995), Lo-Fi Recordings
New Boyfriend And Black Suit EP (1995), Mobstar
Pink Noize EP (1995), Slumberland
Blue Noize EP (1996), Happy Go Lucky
Supremer Queener EP (1996), Mobstar
Off-White Noize EP (1998), Merge
Curious Role Model EP (2007), The International Lo-Fi Underground
Wild-eyed & Restless & Free EP (2007), The International Lo-Fi Underground
Tap Oh Nix EP (2007), The International Lo-Fi Underground (3" CD)
Boyracer/Beatnik Filmstars split EP (2007), 555 Recordings – split with Boyracer
"Slow Decay"/"Hospital Ward" (2008), The International Lo-Fi Underground
"Slow Decay"/"Crushed" (2009), Satisfaction
Kyoko
Albums
One:Mini (1999), Mobstar (mini-album)
Co-incidental Music (2001), 555 Music
Unpure Disco (2001), Pet Sounds
Singles
"17 Stitches" (1999), Mobstar
Bluebear
Brain Dead A&R Man Blues EP (2002), Mobstar
Food Fight at the Last Chance Saloon (2002), Mobstar
Lo-Fidelity Radio Friendly Summer Hit (2002), Mobstar
References
External links
our-arthur.webs.com
British pop music groups
English rock music groups
Musical groups from Bristol
Merge Records artists
Slumberland Records artists |
Victor York Richardson (7 September 189430 October 1969) was a leading Australian sportsman of the 1920s and 1930s, captaining the Australia cricket team and the South Australia Australian rules football team, representing Australia in baseball and South Australia in golf, winning the South Australian state tennis title and also being a leading local player in lacrosse, basketball and swimming.
Richardson won the South Australian National Football League's highest individual honour, the Magarey Medal, while captain-coach of Sturt in 1920.
Early life
Richardson was born in Parkside, South Australia and grew up in the Unley area. He attended Kyre (later Scotch) College. Naturally athletic, he played many sports, including gymnastics, basketball, cricket, baseball, lacrosse, and Australian Rules football. He worked in the South Australian public service.
Cricket career
Richardson is most famous for his contribution to cricket, representing Australia in 19 Test matches between 1924 and 1936, including five as captain in the 1935-36 tour of South Africa.
A talented right-handed batsman and rated the best fielder in the world, Richardson made his first-class debut for South Australia in the 1918–19 season. In a career that lasted twenty years he played 184 matches for Australia and South Australia, scoring 10,724 runs, including 27 centuries and averaging 37.63. He took 211 catches (at an average of 1.15 catches per match) and even completed four stumpings as a stand-in wicketkeeper.
Richardson was Australian vice-captain for the 1932-33 English tour of Australia, known as the Bodyline series for England's tactics of bowling fast short-pitched deliveries at the batsmen's bodies. During the Adelaide Test, English manager Pelham Warner came to the Australian dressing seeking an apology from the player who called Harold Larwood a bastard. Richardson, who had answered the knock on the dressing room door turned to his teammates and asked "Which one of you bastards called Larwood a bastard instead of that bastard [Douglas] Jardine?"
Richardson played his final Test against South Africa at Durban on 28 February 1936, aged 41 years 178 days. Only ten Australians have played Test cricket at an older age. He took five catches in the second innings, setting a Test record that has never been beaten and was not equalled until Yajurvindra Singh took five in 1976–77.
Following his retirement from cricket, Richardson was appointed South Australian coach in September 1949, replacing Arthur Richardson (no relation).
To honour his memory and the impact he made for his state, the South Australian Cricket Association dedicated the "Victor Richardson Gates" at the Adelaide Oval and the road leading to them in his honour.
Australian rules football career
Richardson made his senior Australian rules football debut for Sturt Football Club in the South Australian National Football League in 1915 and in a career interrupted by World War I, played 114 games for Sturt, kicking 23 goals.
114 games and 23 goals for Sturt 1915, 1919–1920, 1922–1924, 1926–1927
Captain of Sturt 1920, 1922–1924
Member of premiership teams for Sturt 1915, 1919 and 1926
10 games for South Australia
State Captain 1923
Magarey Medal 1920
Best and Fairest for Sturt 1922, 1923
Coach of Sturt 1920, 1922, 1923, 1924
Other sports
Richardson was a gifted sportsman and excelled in other sports besides cricket and Australian rules football, including baseball (national and state representative), golf (state representative), tennis (state title winner), lacrosse, basketball and swimming.
Media career
After retiring from first-class cricket he went on to become a respected radio commentator, forging a partnership with renowned former English Test captain Arthur Gilligan.
Political aspirations
In March 1949 Richardson announced that he would seek Liberal and Country League (LCL) pre-selection for the new federal Division of Kingston, situated in Adelaide's south. At the time Richardson lived on Richmond Road, Westbourne Park, which was located in the electorate.
Family
On 29 January 1919 Victor Richardson married Vida Yvonne Knapman, daughter of hotelier Alf Knapman (1867–1918). She died on 25 September 1940; they had one son and three daughters.
He was a grandfather to three future Australian Test cricketers Ian Chappell, Greg Chappell (who both also captained Australia at Test level) and Trevor Chappell.
Awards and honours
Richardson was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) on 10 June 1954 for his services to cricket, including his presidency of the Country Carnival Cricket Association.
Sources
References
External links
HowSTAT! statistical profile of Vic Richardson
SANFL Hall of Fame
1894 births
1969 deaths
Australia Test cricket captains
Australian lacrosse players
Australian baseball players
Australia Test cricketers
Australian cricket commentators
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Magarey Medal winners
South Australia cricketers
Sturt Football Club players
Sturt Football Club coaches
Australian rules footballers from Adelaide
Chappell family
Australian cricketers
South Australian Football Hall of Fame inductees
Cricketers from Adelaide
Sport Australia Hall of Fame inductees
Sportsmen from South Australia |
Finance capitalism or financial capitalism is the subordination of processes of production to the accumulation of money profits in a financial system.
Financial capitalism is thus a form of capitalism where the intermediation of saving to investment becomes a dominant function in the economy, with wider implications for the political process and social evolution. The process of developing this kind of economy is called financialization.
Characteristics
Finance capitalism is characterized by a predominance of the pursuit of profit from the purchase and sale of, or investment in, currencies and financial products such as bonds, stocks, futures and other derivatives. It also includes the lending of money at interest; and is seen by Marxist analysts (from whom the term finance capitalism originally derived) as being exploitative by supplying income to non-laborers. Academic defenders of the economic concept of capitalism, such as Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk, see such profits as part of the roundabout process by which it grows and hedges against inevitable risks.
In financial capitalism, financial intermediaries become large concerns, ranging from banks to investment firms. Where deposit banks attract savings and lend out money, while investment banks obtain funds on the interbank market to re-lend for investment purposes, investment firms, by comparison, act on behalf of other concerns, by selling their equities or securities to investors, for investment purposes.
Social implications
The meaning of the term financial capitalism goes beyond the importance of financial intermediation in the modern capitalist economy. It also encompasses the significant influence of the wealth holders on the political process and the aims of economic policy.
Thomas Palley has argued that the 21st century predominance of finance capital has led to a preference for speculation—Casino Capitalism—over investment for entrepreneurial growth in the global economy.
Historical developments
Rudolf Hilferding is credited with first bringing the term finance capitalism into prominence, with his (1910) study of the links between German trusts, banks, and monopolies before World War I. Hilferding's Finance Capital (Das Finanzkapital, Vienna: 1910) was "the seminal Marxist analysis of the transformation of competitive and pluralistic 'liberal capitalism' into monopolistic 'finance capital'", and anticipated Lenin's and Bukharin's "largely derivative" writings on the subject. Writing in the context of the highly cartelized economy of late Austria-Hungary, Hilferding contrasted monopolistic finance capitalism to the earlier, "competitive" and "buccaneering" capitalism of the earlier liberal era. The unification of industrial, mercantile and banking interests had defused the earlier liberal capitalist demands for the reduction of the economic role of a mercantilist state; instead, finance capital sought a "centralized and privilege-dispensing state". Hilferding saw this as part of the inevitable concentration of capital called for by Marxian economics, rather than a deviation from the free market.
Whereas, until the 1860s, the demands of capital and of the bourgeoisie had been, in Hilferding's view, constitutional demands that had "affected all citizens alike", finance capital increasingly sought state intervention on behalf of the wealth-owning classes; capitalists, rather than the nobility, now dominated the state.
In this, Hilferding saw an opportunity for a path to socialism that was distinct from the one foreseen by Marx: "The socializing function of finance capital facilitates enormously the task of overcoming capitalism. Once finance capital has brought the most importance (sic) branches of production under its control, it is enough for society, through its conscious executive organ – the state conquered by the working class – to seize finance capital in order to gain immediate control of these branches of production." This would make it unnecessary to expropriate "peasant farms and small businesses" because they would be indirectly socialized, through the socialization of institutions upon which finance capital had already made them dependent. Thus, because a narrow class dominated the economy, socialist revolution could gain wider support by directly expropriating only from that narrow class. In particular, according to Hilferding, societies that had not reached the level of economic maturity anticipated by Marx as making them "ripe" for socialism could be opened to socialist possibilities. Furthermore, "the policy of finance capital is bound to lead towards war, and hence to the unleashing of revolutionary storms."
Hilferding's study subsumed by Lenin into his wartime analysis of the imperialist relations of the great world powers. Lenin concluded of the banks at that time that they were “the chief nerve centres of the whole capitalist system of national economy”: for the Comintern, the phrase "dictatorship of finance capitalism" became a regular one.
In such a traditional Marxist perspective, finance capitalism is seen as a dialectical outgrowth of industrial capitalism, and part of the process by which the whole capitalist phase of history comes to an end. In a fashion similar to the views of Thorstein Veblen, finance capitalism is contrasted with industrial capitalism, where profit is made from the manufacture of goods.
Fernand Braudel would later point to two earlier periods when finance capitalism had emerged in human history—with the Genoese in the 16th century and the Dutch in the 17th and 18th centuries—although at those points it was from commercial capitalism that it developed. Giovanni Arrighi extended Braudel's analysis to suggest that a predominance of finance capitalism is a recurring, long-term phenomenon, whenever a previous phase of commercial/industrial capitalist expansion reaches a plateau.
Whereas by mid-century the industrial corporation had displaced the banking system as the prime economic symbol of success, the late twentieth-century growth of derivatives and of a novel banking model ushered in a new (and historically fourth) period of finance capitalism.
Fredric Jameson has seen the globalised abstractions of this current phase of financial capitalism as underpinning the cultural manifestations of postmodernism.
See also
References
Further reading
Rudolf Hilferding, Finance Capital (1981[1910])
Giovanni Arrighi, The Long Twentieth Century: Money, Power, and the Origins of our Times (1994)
John Kenneth Galbraith, The New Industrial State (1974)
External links
The age of monopoly-finance capital
Financial capital
Capitalism
Marxian economics
Dutch inventions |
Žarko Đurišić (; born March 31, 1961), also credited as Zarko Durisic, is a Montenegrin-born Slovenian basketball scout, former player, and former coach who is currently the Director of international player personnel for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA).
Playing career
Đurišić started his basketball career playing with the youth teams of Budućnost. In 1978, at age of 17, he moved to Crvena zvezda of the Yugoslav Federal League. He played two seasons there, until 1980. Over 44 regular season games, he averaged 2.5 point per game.
In 1980, Đurišić moved to the United States to play college basketball at Wichita State University where his four seasons in the NCAA Division I with the Shockers were very successful. Arriving to Wichita together with compatriot Zoran Radović, Đurišić joined the squad featuring future NBA players Cliff Levingston, Antoine Carr, Xavier McDaniel and Ozell Jones as the sixth-seeded Wichita State team came within one game of making it to the Final Four, losing the Midwest regional final to first regional seed Louisiana State University.
After finishing college career he went back to the Yugoslav League where he played for Budućnost and Smelt Olimpija. With Olimpija he also played Premier A Slovenian League after 1992.
National team career
Yugoslavia national team
Đurišić was a member of the Yugoslavia national cadet team that won the silver medal at the 1977 European Championship for Cadets. Over three tournament games, he averaged 4.7 points per game. He also was a member of the Yugoslavia national junior team that participated at the 1979 World Championship for Juniors and also won the silver medal at the 1980 European Championship for Juniors.
Slovenia national team
Đurišić was a member of the Slovenia national team that participated at the EuroBasket 1993. Over three tournament games, he averaged 4.7 points per game. Slovenia took 14th place at the tournament. He played 27 games for the national team.
Post-playing career
Đurišić briefly coached Smelt Olimpija during the 1995–96 season. He took over the team's coaching reigns from Zmago Sagadin in January 2016, leading them to the Slovenian League title at the end of the season.
Since summer 1996, Đurišić has been affiliated with the Minnesota Timberwolves organization where he heads up the team's international scouting efforts. Positions he previously held with the Wolves include director of college and international player personnel, director of player personnel, and head scout.
Personal life
Đurišić and his wife, Tatjana, have two daughters: Jelena and Aleksandra. Daughter Jelena (born 1989 in Belgrade) is a Slovenian former tennis player.
Career achievements and awards
Player
European Cup winner: 1 (with Smelt Olimpija: 1993–94)
Premier A Slovenian League champion: 4 (with Smelt Olimpija: 1991–92, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1994–95)
Yugoslav Cup winner: 4 (with Smelt Olimpija: 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995)
Coach
Premier A Slovenian League champion: 1 (with Smelt Olimpija: 1995–96)
References
1961 births
Living people
KK Budućnost players
KK Crvena zvezda players
KK Olimpija players
KK Olimpija coaches
Minnesota Timberwolves scouts
Minnesota Timberwolves executives
Montenegrin expatriate basketball people in Serbia
Montenegrin expatriate basketball people in the United States
Montenegrin men's basketball players
Montenegrin basketball scouts
National Basketball Association scouts from Europe
Serbian expatriate basketball people in the United States
Serbs of Montenegro
Slovenian basketball coaches
Slovenian basketball scouts
Slovenian people of Serbian descent
Slovenian people of Montenegrin descent
Slovenian expatriate basketball people in Serbia
Slovenian expatriate basketball people in the United States
Slovenian men's basketball players
Basketball players from Podgorica
Wichita State Shockers men's basketball players
Yugoslav men's basketball players
Centers (basketball) |
Anania is the genus name of:
Anania (moth), a genus of moths in the family Crambidae.
Anania (foraminifera), a genus of shelled protists in the family Ananiidae. |
During World War I and until 1923, individuals and groups aided (or attempted to aid) Armenians in escaping the Armenian genocide perpetrated by the Young Turk government and later by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Since the end of the USSR and the independence of Armenia, research has increasingly focused on Ottoman individuals (Turks, Kurds, Arabs) and Western individuals (missionaries, ambassadors, etc.) who opposed the genocide during their time. It is generally acknowledged that such individuals or groups may have also assisted the victims of the Assyrian and Greek genocides, which occurred roughly around the same period.
Ottoman civilian authorities
Several civilian officials, mostly Young Turks, opposed the genocide and sometimes went as far as saving Armenians. One such case is Hasan Mazhar, the governor (vali) of Ankara, who refused to participate in the genocide, was dismissed, and later returned to lead the Istanbul trials that sentenced the most obvious culprits of the genocide to death. Another example is Suleyman Nazif (governor of Baghdad) and his brother, Faik Ali Ozansoy, whom the perpetrators referred to as the "governor of the infidels" due to his rescue of over three thousand Armenians from the massacre and deportation.
Mehmed Celal Bey, governor of Aleppo, refused to carry out deportations, leading to his transfer to Konya, where he once again rejected deportation orders; he became known as the Turkish Oskar Schindler. Confronting the ongoing genocidal policy, he traveled to Constantinople to seek explanations at the party headquarters. Upon his return to Konya, he found the entire Armenian population had been deported in his absence. He later said about his actions during the genocide:"I was a person sitting by the edge of a river, with no means to save anyone. Blood was flowing in the river, and thousands of innocent children, blameless elders, defenseless women, strong young men, were cascading down that river into oblivion. All those I could save with my bare hands, I saved, and the rest, I believe, went down that river never to return."Certain Ottoman governors opposing the state's intent of exterminating Armenians were executed or assassinated. Hüseyin Nesimi, the prefect of Lice, refused to obey oral orders and demanded a written directive; he was dismissed, summoned to Diyarbakır, and assassinated on the road by Mehmed Reshid. Alongside him, Ferit, the governor of Basra, Bedri Nuri, the lieutenant governor of Müntefak, Sabit, the deputy of Beşiri, and Ismael Mestan, a journalist, were also murdered.
The prefect of Midyat was also assassinated by the forces of Mehmed Reshid, nicknamed the "butcher of Diyarbakir," as reported in a telegram by the German consul in Mosul, Holstein: "The prefect of Midyat defied orders to kill Christians in his region; very swiftly, he was assassinated on the orders of the general governor of Diyarbakır."
Ottoman and Foreign Religious Leaders
Ottomans
Some Ottoman religious leaders, like the Grand Mufti Mustafa Hayri Efendi, the second most important figure in Sunni Islam after the Ottoman Caliph, openly opposed the genocide as well. Mustafa Hayri Efendi was arrested, tried, and executed by the Young Turks.
In 1909, in response to a Turkish sheikh calling for the massacre of Armenians during the Adana massacre, Sheikh Salim al-Bishri, the Grand Imam of al-Azhar University issued a fatwa against anyone participating in the Armenian massacres. In it, he said, among other things:We have come across, through the local newspapers, saddening news and despicable reports about Muslims in some of the Anatolian provinces of the Ottoman realms. These include reports that they have transgressed against the Christians by attacking and brutally murdering them. We were shocked by such reports and hoped that they would prove to be false because Islam, as a general principle, absolutely forbids acts of unjustified aggression and forbids oppression, bloodshed and harming others, irrespective of whether they be Muslim, Christian or Jewish.In 1917, the Sharif of Mecca, Hussein ben Ali, issued a decree regarding the areas he conquered from the Ottoman Empire: "What is demanded of you is to protect all members of the Armenian community who may reside or live within your neighborhoods or among your tribes."
Missionaries
During the Armenian genocide, numerous Western Catholic or Protestant missionaries became actively involved in attempting to save Armenians on-site. Among the missionaries, it is noteworthy that a significant proportion were women, who primarily cared for orphans and through these orphanages, managed to save Armenian, Greek, and Assyrian children from deportation. Some notable figures include Mary Louise Graffam, Grace Knapp, Nellie Miller-Mann, Maria Jacobsen, Anna Hedwig Büll, who saved thousands of Armenian children, Susan Wealthy Orvis, who rescued up to 4,000 Armenian and Greek children, Karen Jeppe, known as the Mother of the Armenians, Alma Johansson, Edwin Munsell Bliss, and Maria Gerber.
Missionary organizations were able to save Armenian victims, or at least attempt to, during the genocide, such as the German Society for the Assistance of Armenians.
Diplomats, International Organizations
The Armenian Red Cross of Constantinople, founded in 1913 by Zaruhi Bahri, whose own family perished in the deportations, became involved in the rescue of surviving children of the genocide.
Various Individuals
In the region of Deir ez-Zor, a major destination for many deportations, numerous Arab tribes, both Muslim and Eastern Orthodox, extended humanitarian assistance to the deportees. In Aleppo, Arab families were able to provide shelter to Armenians, both children and adults, in order to protect them from the genocide.
References
Genocides in Asia
Genocides in Europe
Massacres of Armenians
World War I crimes by the Ottoman Empire
Massacres in the Ottoman Empire
Armenia–Turkey relations
1915 in Armenia
1915 in the Ottoman Empire
Committee of Union and Progress
Persecution of Christians in the Ottoman Empire
Ethnic cleansing in Europe
Death marches
20th-century massacres
Events that led to courts-martial |
Imshaugia pyxiniformis is a rare species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is only known to occur at its type locality in the North Region of Brazil. Characteristics of the lichen include its narrow, incised , lack of vegetative propagules, its pale lower , and presence of the substance lichexanthone.
Taxonomy
The lichen was formally described as a new species in 2004 by Australian lichenologist Jack Elix. The type specimen was collected from the Serra do Cachimbo mountain range in Pará, at an altitude between ; there, in a tall canopy forest, it was found growing on bark in dry vegetation. The species epithet alludes to its superficial resemblance to some Pyxine species. At the time of its publication, the lichen was known to occur only at its type locality.
Description
The thallus of Imshaugia pyxiniformis, tightly attached to the bark and yellow-gray in colour, reaches in diameter. The individual making up the thallus are 0.8–1.5 mm wide, with incised tips. The underside of the thallus is ivory to pale brown, with many brown rhizines (up to 1 mm long) serving as holdfasts. Isidia and soredia are absent in this species. Apothecia are present; they are sessile, measuring 0.5–1.2 mm wide with a flat or somewhat concave, dark brown . The , which number eight per ascus, are colourless, somewhat spherical to more or less ellipsoidal, and measure 7–8 by 5–7 μm.
The expected results of standard chemical spot tests are : K−, UV+ (intense yellow); and : K+ (pale yellow-brown), C+ (red), KC+ (red), P+ (orange-red). The positive UV test is caused by lichexanthone, which is present as a minor substance. Other lichen products found in Imshaugia pyxiniformis are protocetraric acid (minor), and 4-O-demethylmicrophyllinic acid as a major substance.
References
Parmeliaceae
Lichen species
Lichens described in 2004
Lichens of North Brazil
Taxa named by John Alan Elix |
Virgil van Dijk (; born 8 July 1991) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a centre back and captains both Premier League club Liverpool and the Netherlands national team. Regarded as one of the best defenders in the world, he is known for his strength, leadership, speed and aerial ability.
After beginning his professional career with Groningen, Van Dijk moved to Celtic in 2013. With Celtic he won the Scottish Premiership and was named in the PFA Scotland Team of the Year in both of his seasons with the club, and won the Scottish League Cup in the second. In 2015, he joined Southampton before signing for Liverpool in January 2018 for £75 million, a then-world-record transfer fee for a defender. With Liverpool, Van Dijk reached back-to-back UEFA Champions League finals in 2018 and 2019, winning the latter. He was also named PFA Players' Player of the Year and the Premier League Player of the Season in his first full season. Van Dijk later won the FIFA Club World Cup and UEFA Super Cup, and helped end the club's 30-year league title drought by winning the 2019–20 Premier League. He is the only defender to win the UEFA Men's Player of the Year Award, and has finished runner-up for both the Ballon d'Or and Best FIFA Men's Player, all in 2019. Van Dijk has also been selected in the FIFPRO Men's World 11 in three different years.
Van Dijk represented the Netherlands at under-19 and under-21 levels. He made his senior international debut for the Netherlands in 2015 and assumed full captaincy of the national team in March 2018. The following year, Van Dijk captained the Netherlands to the final of the inaugural UEFA Nations League, where they finished runners-up. He also represented the side at the 2022 FIFA World Cup.
Early life
Virgil van Dijk was born on 8 July 1991 in Breda to a Dutch father, Ron Van Dijk, and a Afro-Surinamese mother, Hellen Chin Fo Sieeuw. He has a younger brother and sister, who are two and ten years younger than him respectively. He grew up in Kesteren, in the Haagse Beemden district of Breda. His father left the family when he was 11 years old. Van Dijk first lived with his father for a while before making the choice to go back to live with his mother. After which his father broke off contact.
Growing up he would play football wherever he could – on the streets, in concrete cages, and eventually Saturday morning matches. He started playing football in the youth team at WDS'19 before joining Willem II at the age of 8. He combined his time playing at the Willem II academy with a part-time job as a dishwasher as a teenager. He said "I didn't have a contract at that time. I wasn't thinking I had no future in the game, but I also knew I had to work, to try to make money."
Having previously and unsuccessfully featured as a right back, Van Dijk was shifted into a central defensive position in 2008, aged 17, after he grew in height by around 18 centimetres. Despite the positional shift and Van Dijk's physical growth, Willem II's reserve manager at the time Edwin Hermans believed he had "too many limitations" which prevented him from breaking into the first team. The club therefore did not want to offer him a contract. He left for FC Groningen at the age of 19 in 2010, on a free transfer, after being scouted by former Dutch international Martin Koeman, who was working for FC Groningen at the time.
Club career
Groningen
Van Dijk initially struggled to break into Groningen's first team with club staff believing he was "overtired" after extensive playing time with Willem II's academy and reserve sides. He made his professional debut for the club on 1 May 2011, coming on as a 72nd-minute substitute for Petter Andersson during a 4–2 victory against ADO Den Haag. On 29 May, and against the same opposition, he made his first start for Groningen and scored his first professional goals, netting twice in a 5–1 win in a UEFA Europa League play-off match.
During the 2011–12 Eredivisie season, Van Dijk made 23 league appearances for the Eredivisie team, and scored his first regular-season goal during the club's 6–0 victory over Feyenoord on 30 October 2011. He suffered a personal setback during the campaign, however, as soon after his 20th birthday he was admitted to hospital with advanced appendicitis, peritonitis and kidney poisoning. The ailments were previously not recognized by the medical staff of FC Groningen and the local hospital. He had an urgent life saving operation. He spent 13 days in hospital, lost nearly two stone a half stone and could not walk for 10 days. As he had been close to dying as a result of the medical emergency the hospital had even gone so far as to ask him to sign a "sort of will" in the event of his passing.
It took Van Dijk a few months to fully recover. In the summer of 2012 he returned and joined the selection again. Despite the fact that the club had a changeable season, Van Dijk, who played in the center of defense together with veteran Kees Kwakman, excelled.
In the summer of 2013, Van Dijk was a candidate to strengthen PSV's defense, but the club ultimately opted for Jeffrey Bruma as the new central defender. A transfer to Brighton & Hove Albion FC or FK Krasnodar, both of which wanted to meet the asking price of FC Groningen director Hans Nijland, were rejected by Van Dijk himself. Van Dijk, who actually preferred a transfer to a Dutch top club, contacted Marc Overmars himself via director Nijland and his agent to discuss a possible transfer to AFC Ajax. However, the club, which was on the market for a new central defender at the time, decided not to accept Van Dijk's advances and eventually signed Mike van der Hoorn from FC Utrecht.
Celtic
2013–14 season
On 21 June 2013, Van Dijk signed with Celtic for a fee of around £2.6 million, on a four-year deal including a 10% selling-on fee for Groningen. He made his debut on 17 August, replacing Efe Ambrose for the final 13 minutes of a 2–0 Scottish Premiership win over Aberdeen at Pittodrie Stadium. A week later, he made his first start, in a 2–2 draw with Inverness Caledonian Thistle at Celtic Park. On 9 November, Van Dijk scored his first Celtic goals, heading one in each half of a 4–1 win against Ross County. After a solo run, he scored the only goal of a victory over St Johnstone on 26 December.
Van Dijk scored again on 26 January 2014, in a 4–0 win versus Hibernian for Celtic's 11th consecutive league win. On 25 February, he was sent off after 13 minutes of an eventual 2–1 loss at Aberdeen, for a professional foul on Peter Pawlett; it was Celtic's first defeat of the season. With Celtic having already won the league, Van Dijk netted again on 7 May to put his team 3–1 up away to St Johnstone, in an eventual 3–3 draw. He was one of three Celtic players named in the PFA Scotland Team of the Year. Van Dijk was nominated for the PFA Scotland Players' Player of the Year award, but lost out to fellow Celtic player Kris Commons.
2014–15 season
On 22 July 2014, Van Dijk and Teemu Pukki each scored twice in a 4–0 home win over KR in a UEFA Champions League qualifier, putting their team into the next round 5–0 on aggregate. His first goal of the Premiership season came on 9 November, finishing from Stefan Johansen's last-minute corner for a 2–1 win at Aberdeen. Three weeks later, Van Dijk scored the first and last goals of Celtic's 4–0 win versus Heart of Midlothian in the fourth round of the Scottish Cup. Four days after that, his sixth goal of the season was enough for victory in a home match against Glasgow neighbours Partick Thistle.
Van Dijk was again on target on 21 January 2015, opening a 4–0 home win over Motherwell. On 26 February, he was sent off in the 36th minute against Inter Milan for a foul on Mauro Icardi, as Celtic lost 1–0 on the night, 4–3 on aggregate in the last 32 of the UEFA Europa League. He was again sent off on 8 March in the Cup quarter-final away to Dundee United at Tannadice Park, receiving a red card after eleven minutes for a confrontation with Calum Butcher. His suspension for the following week's Scottish League Cup Final was overturned on appeal, as was that of Paul Paton, who was sent off when mistaken for Butcher. Van Dijk played the full 90 minutes of the final at Hampden Park, which Celtic won 2–0. On 18 March, Celtic's third consecutive match against Dundee United, Van Dijk scored in the last minute to confirm a 4–0 win in a Cup replay.
On 19 April, Celtic contested the Cup semi-final against Inverness at Hampden, and Van Dijk opened the scoring with a free kick. After the dismissal of goalkeeper Craig Gordon, Celtic fell 3–2, ending their chance of a treble. Three days later, again from a free kick, he confirmed a 2–1 win away to Dundee. His team again won the league, and Van Dijk was included in the league's Team of the Season for the second consecutive campaign. He was again shortlisted for the PFA Scotland Players' Player award, but lost out to another teammate, this time Stefan Johansen.
Van Dijk was reportedly "considering his future" in Glasgow after Celtic were knocked out of the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League in the qualifying rounds to Malmö of Sweden.
Southampton
2015–16 season
On 1 September 2015, the last day of the transfer window, Van Dijk signed a five-year contract with Premier League club Southampton, managed by Ronald Koeman, for a reported £13 million transfer fee. Fellow Premier League clubs Sunderland, Newcastle and Arsenal were also reportedly interested in the last hours of the transfer window. The transfer made him the most expensive Dutch defender since Jaap Stam, who went from Manchester United to Lazio in 2001 for more than €25 million.
He made his debut for Southampton on 12 September in a 0–0 draw against West Bromwich Albion at The Hawthorns. Two weeks later, Van Dijk marked his third Premier League appearance with his first goal for the club, which came in the form of a header in the 11th minute to put Southampton in front, following a set-piece from James Ward-Prowse in a 3–1 home win over Swansea City. He was named player of the year by both his teammates and Southampton fans, for his first season. On 7 May 2016, Van Dijk signed a new six-year contract with the Saints.
2016–17 season
On 22 January 2017, he was named team captain of Southampton, after the departure of José Fonte. On the same day, he suffered an ankle injury against Leicester City. This ruled him out of the 2017 EFL Cup Final, which Southampton lost to Manchester United at Wembley Stadium.
After a successful 2016–17 season at Southampton, Van Dijk was subject to interest from top English clubs with Chelsea, Manchester City and Liverpool, reportedly interested. The latter of which apologised to Southampton for an illegal approach for the player after he had reportedly made clear his interest in a move to Liverpool. On 7 August 2017, Van Dijk handed in a transfer request to Southampton and released a statement along with it, emphasising his wish to join a different club in the transfer window.
2017–18 season
Van Dijk remained with Southampton for the start of the 2017–18 season and made his first appearance since being injured in January, coming on as a late substitute in a 1–0 victory at Crystal Palace on 26 September. He made what turned out to be his final appearance for Southampton on 13 December 2017, in a 4–1 home defeat to Leicester. It was also his last appearance in any of Southampton's matchday squads, as he was omitted from the squad for the rest of his tenure at the club in light of speculation surrounding his future.
Liverpool
2017–18 season
On 27 December 2017, it was announced that Van Dijk would join Liverpool when the winter transfer window opened on 1 January 2018 for a reported fee of £75 million. Former club Celtic would receive 10% of Van Dijk's transfer fee, due to a sell-on clause placed in his Southampton contract. Southampton claimed the undisclosed transfer fee would constitute a world record fee in football for a defender.
He made his debut for Liverpool on 5 January in the third round of the FA Cup and scored the winning goal with a late header in a 2–1 victory against local rivals Everton. In doing so, he became the first player since Bill White in 1901 to score on his debut in the Merseyside derby. Van Dijk and Dejan Lovren built a strong partnership at the heart of Liverpool's defence, with the Dutchman being credited for improving Liverpool's previous defensive issues. Van Dijk was included in the UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season, despite playing just half of the season in the Champions League, with the UEFA Technical Observers saying: "Van Dijk arrived at Anfield and provided composure and stability in the competition's knockout stages." Van Dijk played the full 90 minutes in the 2018 UEFA Champions League final against Real Madrid, which Liverpool lost 3–1. Van Dijk played 22 games in all competitions in his first season with the club, scoring once.
2018–19 season
Van Dijk received the Liverpool Player of the Month award for his performances in August. On 2 December, Van Dijk was awarded an assist for the winning goal in a derby match against city rivals Everton. Liverpool won 1–0 thanks to Divock Origi's 96th-minute goal, set up by a Van Dijk volley and a subsequent error from Everton goalkeeper Jordan Pickford. The Dutchman was ultimately awarded the PFA Player of the Month for November 2018. On 21 December, Van Dijk scored his first goal in the Premier League for Liverpool in a 2–0 away win against Wolverhampton Wanderers. The Dutchman continued his impressive form in the 2018–19 season by winning the Premier League Player of the Month prize for December 2018.
On 27 February 2019, Van Dijk scored twice in a 5–0 win against Watford. The following month, he scored once - his first goal in the Champions League for the club - and assisted another in a 3–1 win over Bayern Munich. On 20 April, he was one of six players nominated for the PFA Players' Player of the Year award alongside teammate Sadio Mané. Four days later, he was named in the PFA Team of the Year alongside Liverpool teammates, Trent Alexander-Arnold, Mané and Andrew Robertson. On 28 April 2019, he was named the PFA Players' Player of the Year. Following Liverpool's 2–0 victory over Tottenham in the 2019 UEFA Champions League final on 1 June, Van Dijk was named UEFA's man of the match.
2019–20 season
In August 2019, Van Dijk won the UEFA Men's Player of the Year Award. On 2 September 2019, he was shortlisted in the final three of the best FIFA football awards. On 23 September 2019, he was voted runner-up in The Best FIFA Men's Player and into the FIFA FIFpro Men's World 11. In October 2019, Van Dijk was shortlisted as one in 30 football players for the Ballon d'Or. At the event in December, he finished runner-up behind Lionel Messi. On 21 December 2019, after missing the semi-final of the 2019 FIFA Club World Cup with illness, Van Dijk played in the final against Flamengo with Liverpool winning the trophy for the first time in the club's history.
Van Dijk received further recognition following the turn of the year, when he was named in the 2019 UEFA Team of the Year. On 19 January 2020, Van Dijk scored his first North-West Derby goal against Manchester United in Liverpool's 2–0 win at Anfield in the Premier League. Over the course of the 2019–20 domestic campaign, Van Dijk started and completed every minute for Liverpool. Liverpool won the Premier League title in the 2019–20 season, their first top-flight title in 30 years.
2020–21 season
On 12 September 2020, Van Dijk scored a headed goal against Leeds United on the opening day of the new season. On 17 October, he was substituted in the sixth minute of the Merseyside derby after a challenge from Everton goalkeeper Jordan Pickford. On the following day, it was announced that he had suffered an ACL injury in his right knee and would undergo surgery. Van Dijk was expected to be out from six to twelve months. On 30 October it was announced that the surgery on his injuries had been successful. Dutch national team coach Frank de Boer had hoped that Van Dijk would be able to make his return before UEFA Euro 2020, Van Dijk however decided that he should continue his rehabilitation so he could start the next season fully fit.
2021–22 season
Van Dijk made his first appearance in over nine months on 29 July 2021, coming on as a second-half substitute in a pre-season friendly against Hertha BSC. On 13 August 2021, Van Dijk signed a new four-year contract, keeping him at the club until 2025. His first goal for Liverpool in over 14 months came against his former club Southampton, when he hit a volley from a corner.
On 27 February 2022, Van Dijk helped Liverpool win the 2021–22 EFL Cup, scoring his penalty in the shoot-out over Chelsea after a goalless draw in normal time.
His performances during the 2021–22 season earned him a place in the Premier League PFA Team of the Year. Van Dijk earned a runners-up medal in the 2021–22 UEFA Champions League, losing the final to Real Madrid, and was selected as part of the Team of the Season. Liverpool narrowly missed out on the chance to achieve a historic quadruple, coming second in the Premier League and the 2021–22 UEFA Champions League but winning both the EFL Cup and the FA Cup.
2022–23 season
On 29 October 2022, Liverpool lost 2–1 at home to Leeds United which was Van Dijk's first home defeat at Anfield in the Premier League after 70 games since joining the club in January 2018. Van Dijk was criticised for a number of performances in the 2022–23 season but soon regained his authoritative defensive traits with a performance against Brentford which led to him being voted Man of the Match by users of BBC Sport. At the end of the 2022–23 season, Liverpool narrowly missed out on UEFA Champions League qualification.
2023–24 season
On 31 July 2023, following the departure of Jordan Henderson, Van Dijk was named as Liverpool's new captain.
On 27 August 2023, Van Dijk was given his first Liverpool red card following a foul on Newcastle United's Alexander Isak. Initially, Van Dijk refused to leave the pitch and swore at referee John Brooks. Van Dijk was handed a one-match ban for the contentious red card, but was given an additional game ban after he admitted to acting in an 'improper manner' towards a match official. He was also fined £100,000 for his use of abusive words.
International career
On 12 May 2010, Van Dijk made his debut for the Netherlands U19 in a friendly against South Korea U19. Then on 14 November 2011, Van Dijk made his debut for the Netherlands U21 in a qualifying match against Scotland U21 and played a further two friendlies for the team.
Van Dijk was selected for the senior team three times in 2014, but did not make his debut that year. Van Dijk made his full international debut for Netherlands on 10 October 2015, in a 2–1 victory away from home against Kazakhstan in a UEFA Euro 2016 qualifier. Three days later, Van Dijk also played in the lost home game against the Czech Republic (2-3) and he and the Dutch national team missed out on final qualification for the 2016 European Championship in France. Due to an injury, he missed half of the qualifying matches played in 2016 and 2017 for the 2018 World Cup. The Netherlands failed to qualify for the World Cup.
He was awarded the captaincy of his country by manager Ronald Koeman on 22 March 2018, and his first match as captain was a 1–0 home friendly defeat by England the next day. On 26 March, he scored his first international goal to conclude a 3–0 win over European champions Portugal at the Stade de Genève. On 13 October, he scored in a 3–0 win over 2014 World Cup champions Germany in the UEFA Nations League. More importantly, he scored the equaliser in the next match with Germany, after assistant coach Dwight Lodeweges sent him a small paper note during a break, with the request to play forward in the last minutes of the game. The goal enabled the Netherlands to win the group phase of the Nations League. He later captained his country to the final which they lost 1–0 against Portugal.
In May 2021, Van Dijk ruled himself out of playing in the postponed UEFA Euro 2020 to have enough time to recover after a long-term injury since October 2020.
In November 2022, Van Dijk was announced as the Dutch captain for the 2022 FIFA World Cup. He led his team to the top of the group stage with wins over Senegal and hosts Qatar. Van Dijk then led his team to the quarter finals where they lost on penalties to Argentina who later won the tournament.
Style of play
Van Dijk is a physically strong, right-footed centre back, who usually features on the left-hand side of central defence, although he can also play as a right-sided centre back. He is gifted with pace, good technique, and an eye for goal, and is an effective set-piece taker. Regarding his ability, former Celtic teammate Kris Commons commented that Van Dijk was "comfortable on the ball", also noting that "He had good technique and a wonderful right foot. He was good on set-pieces, some of the free-kicks he scored for Celtic are absolute wonders. He could read the game well. He had an aura about him, a confidence, because I think he knew he was good."
Neil McGuinness, senior scout at Celtic when Van Dijk was signed, called him "everything you would want if you could create a profile of the ideal central defender", praising him as a "very smooth ball-playing defender" who possesses aerial prowess, skills from dead ball situations, and "strong leadership qualities", while commenting that since his move to England, he is "more tactically aware now [...] his anticipation and timing has improved and he is a lot more of an all-rounder". McGuinness believes Van Dijk's "biggest problem" is that he "can switch off when the game is comfortable". In 2018, Steve Douglas of The Globe and Mail described Van Dijk with the following words: "Powerful in the air, measured with the ball at his feet, quick, and with superb positional sense, van Dijk [sic] has it all." Dario Pergolizzi also described Van Dijk as a good marker in 2019.
In a 2019 interview with Marca, when Lionel Messi was asked why Van Dijk was so difficult to beat, the Argentine responded: "He is a defender who knows how to judge his timing and wait for the right moment to challenge or jockey [the attacker]. He is very fast and big, but he has a lot of agility for his height. He is fast because of its [sic] great stride, and he is impressive both in defence and attack because he scores lots of goals."
That same year, Paul Merson described Van Dijk as "the best in the world, and I think by a long way, as a defensive centre-half." In 2020, Vincent Kompany called Van Dijk the best centre back to ever appear in the Premier League, claiming the Liverpool "before Van Dijk and the other after him, it's a completely different setup". In 2022, Erling Haaland named Van Dijk the best defender he has played against, calling him "fast, strong and 'bad' smart", as well as praising his timing. In 2023, Ben Foster claimed that Van Dijk was the "best defender that has ever lived" during his pre-injury run with Liverpool.
Sponsorship
Van Dijk features as the cover star of the champions edition of EA Sports' FIFA video game FIFA 20. He is endorsed by sportswear company Nike.
Personal life
Van Dijk commonly uses only his first name on the kit. According to his uncle Steven, this is because of a family feud with his father who abandoned his family during Virgil's childhood. Van Dijk has said on the matter that "Nobody really knows the reason. What exactly happened is private and I won't tell the media. It's nobody's business. But my father is no longer in my life."
Virgil met his wife Rike Nooitgedagt when he was 20 and they have been married since the summer of 2017. The couple's first child was born 2014, they now have four children.
Van Dijk has Chinese ancestry. Hellen Chin Fo Sieeuw, his mother, is of part-Chinese descent. The Chinese surname 'Chin Fo Sieeuw' derives from the given name of his maternal great-grandfather, Chin Fo Sieeuw (陈火秀), who emigrated from Guangdong to Suriname around 1920.
Career statistics
Club
International
Netherlands score listed first, score column indicates score after each Van Dijk goal.
Honours
Celtic
Scottish Premiership: 2013–14, 2014–15
Scottish League Cup: 2014–15
Liverpool
Premier League: 2019–20
FA Cup: 2021–22
EFL Cup: 2021–22
FA Community Shield: 2022
UEFA Champions League: 2018–19
UEFA Super Cup: 2019
FIFA Club World Cup: 2019
Individual
PFA Players' Player of the Year: 2018–19
PFA Team of the Year: 2018–19 Premier League, 2019–20 Premier League, 2021–22 Premier League
PFA Player of the Month: November 2018
Premier League Player of the Season: 2018–19
Premier League Player of the Month: December 2018
Premier League Player of the Year by Northwest Football Awards: 2019
Alan Hardaker Trophy: 2022
UEFA Men's Player of the Year Award: 2018–19
UEFA Champions League Defender of the Season: 2018–19
UEFA Team of the Year: 2018, 2019, 2020
UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season: 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20
UEFA Champions League Team of the Season: 2021–22
UEFA Nations League Finals Team of the Tournament: 2019
Liverpool Fans' Player of the Season Award: 2018–19
Liverpool Players' Player of the Season Award: 2018–19
Southampton Player of the Season: 2015–16
PFA Scotland Team of the Year: 2013–14, 2014–15
Celtic Players' Player of the Year: 2013–14
FIFA FIFPRO World 11: 2019, 2020, 2022
IFFHS Men's World Team: 2019, 2020, 2022
IFFHS World Team of the Decade: 2011–2020
IFFHS UEFA Team of the Decade: 2011–2020
ESM Team of the Year: 2018–19, 2019–20, 2021–22
Football Supporters' Federation Player of the Year: 2019
References
External links
Profile at the Liverpool F.C. website
Profile at the Royal Dutch Football Association website (in Dutch)
1991 births
Living people
Footballers from Breda
Dutch men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Willem II (football club) players
FC Groningen players
Celtic F.C. players
Southampton F.C. players
Liverpool F.C. players
Eredivisie players
Scottish Professional Football League players
Premier League players
UEFA Champions League winning players
UEFA Men's Player of the Year Award winners
Netherlands men's youth international footballers
Netherlands men's under-21 international footballers
Netherlands men's international footballers
2022 FIFA World Cup players
Dutch expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Expatriate men's footballers in Scotland
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in England
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Scotland
Dutch people of Chinese descent
Dutch sportspeople of Surinamese descent |
Vanessa Hau Mdee (born 7 June 1988), is a Tanzanian singer, rapper, television personality and radio host. Mdee is popularly known for being the first ever Tanzanian MTV VJ. She later rose to prominence as a radio and TV host, hosting Epic Bongo Star Search and Dume Challenge for ITV Tanzania before signing to B'Hits Music Group in late 2012.
After joining B'hits Music Group, Mdee collaborated with Tanzanian rapper A.Y. on a record Money and Ommy Dimpoz, a Bongo Flava artist on a record Me and You that was later voted Song of the Year during the 2013 Kilimanjaro Music Awards. She received an even bigger buzz with the release of her first solo single "Closer", which in its first week was downloaded over 30,000 times, a feat achieved by no other Tanzanian artist. "Closer" remained on the charts for over 13 weeks.
Vanessa has had the chance to interview many artists, such as K'Naan, Kelly Rowland, French Montana, Mac Miller, Rick Ross, Ludacris, Miguel, Donald, Nazizi, Xtatic, Stella Mwangi, Camp Mulla, Tay Grin, Teargas and many more African and international acts. In 2015 and 2016, she released three singles ("Nobody But Me", "Never Ever" and "Niroge") which were also received well. In 2018, she was signed to Universal Music Group.
During her Deep Dive With Vanessa Mdee Podcast in 2020, Vanessa Mdee in an unforeseen move, announced to quit the music industry citing pressure and depression as the cause of her decision.
Early life and education
Vanessa Mdee was born on 7 June 1988 in Arusha, the third-largest city in Tanzania. Mdee became familiar with various cultures after growing up in New York, Paris, Nairobi and Arusha. She obtained her secondary and high level education at Arusha Modern High School. Mdee attended university at the Catholic University of Eastern Africa to pursue a law degree. Mdee quickly became familiar with many different forms of creative and performing arts.
Career
2007: MTV VJ Search
In early 2007, Mdee got the chance to audition for The MTV VJ Search in Dar es Salaam. Afterwards, she joined Carol and Kule to host the Coca-Cola Chart Express. By 2008, Mdee had established herself in Tanzania and around the continent, hosting shows in Nigeria, South Africa, Kenya, Mozambique, Angola, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. She also became known in the United States and Brazil.
2008: MTV Staying Alive
In 2008, Mdee worked with the Staying Alive Foundation on a project close to her heart. She got to visit the Uwanja wa Fisi with then-Staying Alive Foundation Special Ambassador Kelly Rowland. Mdee also joined Malaria No More in their Z!nduka Campaign, a campaign aimed at the eradication of malaria.
2009
In early 2009 Mdee hosted Senses, Sounds and Wisdom with Zantel during the annual Sauti Za Busara International Music Festival, showcasing the ever-growing Swahili culture. Mdee's fashion sense has made her the go-to girl at every MTV Africa Music Awards. She hosted the red carpet event for three years in a row.
2011: Choice FM Tanzania and other media projects
In 2011, Mdee's became the host of 102.5 Choice FM's The Hitlist. As host, Mdee played R&B, Hip-Hop, and Pop. She also interviewed many artists, such as K'Naan, Kelly Rowland, Mac Miller, Rick Ross, Ludacris, Miguel, Donald, Naazizi, Xtatic, Stella Mwangi, Camp Mulla, Tay Grin, Teargas, Dr. Sid and many more African and international acts.
Along with her pan-African weekly TV show, MTV's Base Select 10 and daily radio gig, Mdee blogged as a roving reporter on behalf of MTV Staying Alive and UNAIDS on her Dynamites Mission website. She was MTV's voice at the 2011 UNAIDS Mali Youth Summit in Bamako and the subsequent High Level meeting in Cape Town, South Africa, She participated in the International Conference on HIV and STI's in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and cofounded (along with M. K. Asante) STANDWIDTH, under the UNAIDS umbrella. Damian Kimt.
2012: MTV Base Meets and music premier
In 2012 Mdee hosted MTV Base Meets, a show geared towards empowering young Africans from around the world by giving them the rare opportunity to sit down with an influential leader. MTV Base Meets brought her in the company of Russell Simmons, Alek Wek, former President of Nigeria Hon. Olusegun Obasanjo, football star Emmanuel Adebayor and Akon. Mdee also hosted the Kili Music Awards (Tanzania's music awards) as well as Tanzania's nationwide talent search Epiq Bongo Star Search (EBSS). Mdee is currently working on her new web series Vee World Wide, about her travels and encounters with various celebrities from around the world. People who have appeared on Vee World Wide include Keke Palmer, Carol Rodrigues, Da Internz, Keyshia Knight Pulliam, Letoya Luckett, DWoods, GOOD Music's D'Banj and many more. Mdee was asked to audition for BET's 106 & Park, although she did not get the gig.
Also in 2012, Mdee was awarded at a gala in New York City by the UNA-YP (United Nations Association of Young Professionals) for being an African change maker. In the same month she was awarded by the GAVI Alliance for her support in the initiation of free vaccinations for Tanzanian children. In May 2013, Mdee was invited to speak at the World Economic Forum for Africa in Cape Town, South Africa on behalf of the GAVI Alliance on the announcement of the new record low price for the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines. Later that same month, Mdee again spoke on cervical cancer at the Global Forum for Cervical Cancer Prevention in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on behalf of Global Health Strategies. Mdee officially became a GAVI Ambassador and an active voice against cervical cancer.
Mdee launched her music career in 2012, working on the single "Me and You" by Ommy Dimpoz. A month later 13 January 2013 – she released her first single "Closer". These scored her four nominations at Tanzania's Music Awards (Kilimanjaro Tanzania Music Awards), including "Bongo Pop Song of the year", which she won. She also won Collaboration of the Year.
2013
In, 2013 Mdee got added to the Dar es Salaam hub of the World Economic Forum as a Global Shaper. In October 2013 Mdee joined the GAVI Alliance again at the UN General Assembly where she spoke on a panel with Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda. This trip ended with Mdee closing the NASDAQ by ringing the ceremonial closing bell, along with UNAIDS Executive Director Michel Sidibe and Ibrahim Boubacar Keita, President of Mali. Mdee was in turn awarded by the Global Health and Diplomacy for her work in advocacy.
Mdee hosted MTV Base's Hunters Oasis; a music festival around Africa with appearances from some of the African continents hottest artists and DJs. She also hosted Tanzania's Epiq Bongo Star Search Season 7 and Dume Challenge, seasons 1 and 2. Mdee also released her second single "Come Over" in November 2013 which has been on charts in Tanzania, Nigeria, Uganda, Kenya etc.
2014: Music, Awards, Airtel, Coke Studio, Crown Paints, Music Tours
In 2014, Mdee was nominated for 3 Kilimanjaro Tanzania Music Awards for Female Artist of the Year, R&B Song of the Year and Female Performer of the Year. On 3 May 2014, she won for R&B Song of the Year for Closer. Mdee released her third single Hawajui on 13 June.
'Switch On' Airtel Campaign; Vanessa Mdee is involved in the 'Switch On' campaign by Airtel that is about connecting users to the internet and charged according to the kind of device in use.
MTV Africa Music Awards; Vanessa Mdee alongside Nomuzi Mabena presented the Best Collaboration Award and Best Francophone Award. During the trip to Durban, South Africa she as an MTV VJ had an opportunity to sit down and interview Trey Songz, Miguel and French Montana all artists from the U.S.
Coke Studio Africa; Vanessa Mdee features in season II of Coke Studio Africa where she collaborates and performs with Nigeria's Burna Boy.
Kili Music Tour; Vanessa Mdee was among the artists that graced the Kili Music Tour 2014 stage in Mwanza and the finale in Dar es Salaam.
Serengeti Fiesta Music Tour 2014 – Sambaza Upendo (Swahili for 'Spread Love'); Vanessa Mdee was on Tanzania's biggest nationwide music tour, covering various regions. The tour final took place on Saturday, 18 October 2014 in Dar es Salaam where American rapper T.I graced the stage; other acts included Diamond, Davido, Waje, Victoria Kimani, Patoranking to name a few.
Vanessa Mdee received an endorsement deal from Crown Paints, to be its brand ambassador in Tanzania. Crown Paints is a number one paint manufacturing company in Eastern Africa.
AFRIMA Awards; Vanessa Mdee nominated for two categories: Best Female Artiste in Eastern Africa and Best African RNB & Soul in the All Africa Music Awards. On 27 December, Vanessa Mdee won Best Female Artiste in Eastern Africa award in Lagos, Nigeria.
On 8 November, Vanessa Mdee joined forces with another Tanzanian songbird Barnaba Elias to release their latest up tempo Afro Pop duet Siri. It tells the tale of a cunning young man who tries to convince a young bride to embark on a love affair with him, with promises of plenty material things. Despite her upbringing the story ends at a crossroads, leaving the listener wondering. Siri is already rising fast on the Tanzania radio charts plus East African charts. Later on 8 December, the much anticipated video for Hawajui was premiered on MTV Base and has gone on to capture the attention of the African continent and beyond.
2015: Samsung, ESSENCE, ONE.org, Awards
Early this year, Vanessa Mdee signed a brand ambassadorship deal with Samsung Tanzania. Vanessa has continued to attract a lot of attention from plenty of corporations due to her enormous talent and continued effort to grow her brand.
On 26 March 2015, Vanessa Mdee released her fifth single Nobody But Me where she joins with heavy hitting South African rapper K.O on. Composed by Vanessa Mdee, Ntokozo Mdluli and Nahreel, the light hearted collabo will transcend from the airwaves to the club. Nobody But Me is already topping charts in various countries in Africa.
On 4 April 2015, Mdee performed in Lagos, Nigeria at the Gidi Culture Festival known to be Africa's biggest beach festival, that was presented by Eclipse Live and Lagos State. The festival was held at Eko Atlantic. Vanessa Mdee shared the stage with some of the continent's top artists like Burna Boy, Awilo Longomba, M.I, Waje, Sean Tizzle, Victoria Kimani, Efya, Skales and many more. Vanessa Mdee was the only artist representing Tanzania at the festival.
Mdee is up for three Kilimanjaro Music Awards i.e. Female Artist of the Year, Female Entertainer of the Year and Afropop Song of the Year. The awards are set to take place 15 June 2015 in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Vanessa Mdee's also nominated for Favorite Female Artist at Tanzania's People's Choice Awards Tuzo Za Watu that take place on 22 May 2015 in Dar es Salaam.
On 13 May 2015, Mdee joined forces with arguably seven of Africa's most popular songstresses for ONE mission and ONE mission only – Celebrating girl power! The campaign is calling on world leaders to put girls and women in the forefront in 2015. This is the year when the new development goals will be set by world leaders at the United Nations. Apart from Vanessa Mdee, the other artists are Victoria Kimani (Kenya), Judith Sephuma (South Africa), Waje (Nigeria), Arielle T (Gabon), Gabriela (Mozambique), Yemi Alade (Nigeria), Selomor Mtukudzi (Zimbabwe) and Blessing Nwafor. The song promotes the Poverty is Sexist Campaign globally, and will be officially launched in Nigeria, Mozambique, Zimbabwe and South Africa during the World Economic Forum for Africa and the African Union Heads of State Summit. The song is released in conjunction with a report by ONE titled, "Poverty is Sexist: Why girls and women must be at the heart of the fight to end extreme poverty". The report shows how unlocking women's economic potential could improve the lives of everyone in society. It also illustrates the structural nature of the social, economic, political and cultural barriers that militate against women and girls. The campaign has a petition which is calling on world leaders to track the fight against inequality and injustice by investing more in women and girls if the world is to end extreme poverty by 2030.
On 23 June 2015, Mdee took home two KTMA Awards for Female Artist of the Year and Best Female Entertainer. The awards were held in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania – which takes place every year.
Essence a popular US magazine – hadn't shot a cover in Africa since 1978. They decided it was time. They travelled to East Africa and photographed Erykah Badu in Zanzibar, Tanzania and Nairobi, Kenya for the August issue. Vanessa Mdee features in this Essence issue where she opens up about Tanzania, her music, inspiration and many more.
2016: Music, Mombasa Rocks, One Africa Music Fest, Fiesta Tour
The Mombasa Rocks festival was held at the Mombasa Golf Club – Kenya on 8 October 2016. Vanessa Mdee delivering an electrifying performance was among the headliners that featured international singing sensation Chris Brown, Nigeria's Wizkid, Tanzania's Alikiba and others.
Fiesta Tour: Vanessa among other Tanzanian music artists have been touring various cities in the country. Vanessa has performed in Dodoma, Morogoro, Arusha and is set to perform at the finale in Dar es Salaam.
One Africa Music Festival: Vanessa performed live at the Toyota Center – Houston on Saturday, 22 October 2016. This unforgettable night featured Africa's finest such as Nigerian afrobeats stars 2Face, Banky W, P-Square, Dbanj, Olamide, Flavour, Kcee, Harrysongs, DR Congolese Fally Ipupa, South African duo Mafikizolo, East Africa's Vanessa Mdee, and many more.
East Africa's Got Talent
In July 2019, Vanessa Mdee was unveiled as one of the four pioneer judges for the debut season of East Africa's Got Talent, which began airing in August 2019.
Money Mondays
Vanessa Mdee released her debut album 'Money Mondays' on 15 January 2018. The album consists eighteen tracks, two as bonus and sixteen as official tracks. Including Bambino ft. Reekado Banks, Cash Madame, Bounce and Kisela ft. P Squares's Peter.
Money Mondays broke many records in East African Music history, a report announced by African most loved music streaming platform BoomPlay.
MTV Shuga
Vanessa Mdee appeared on MTV Shuga Down South several episodes as Stormi the glam madam.
Personal life
Vanessa Mdee has been rumoured to have been in a number of romantic relationships but the only confirmed relationship is with her now ex, Tanzanian music star, Juma Jux. The pair were in a relationship for six years before the final breakup in 2018 which they mutually agreed to keep secret before Vanessa revealed the news in an interview in 2019. Juma Jux later revealed in an interview that his first breakup with the singer was as a result of a picture of Vanessa with Nigerian rapper, Ice Prince, with the two looking cozy. Vanessa was also linked to a rumoured romantic relationship with American superstar, Trey Songz, which she later refuted in an interview.
On 25 November 2019, Rotimi, popularly known by his character, Andre, in the popular TV series, Power, shared a picture of him and Vanessa posing in an elevator on date night, with Vanessa also confirming their relationship by posting the same picture with a different caption. Rotimi told the story of how the two met at a party and hit it off and Vanessa also said in an interview how she knew he was her husband, only two days after meeting him. In a video posted on Instagram with Rotimi who was later joined by Vanessa, the pair revealed that they both had tattoos of each other's name on their bodies; her (middle) name, Hau, on his right wrist and his name, Rotimi, on her chest. They also have matching tattoos of the number 1045 on their wrists.
In December 2020, Vanessa announced her engagement to Rotimi by posting a video of her diamond ring on Instagram along with a long caption. The pair was expecting their first child together. It was announced with a series of maternity photos. On 29 September 2021, they welcomed a boy. They were expecting another child and Vanessa confirmed via her Instagram that it was a girl.
Discography
Awards and nominations
References
External links
1988 births
African Christians
American music industry executives
Living people
Midwest hip hop musicians
Tanzanian women rappers
21st-century Tanzanian women singers
Kisima Music Award winners
Alumni of Strathmore School
Interscope Records artists
Atlantic Records artists
Roc Nation artists
People from Arusha Region
Swahili-language singers
Tanzanian musicians
Tanzanian Bongo Flava musicians |
Hammond's flycatcher (Empidonax hammondii) is a flycatcher in the family Tyrannidae. This small insectivorous bird inhabits the coniferous and mixed forests of western North America. The name of this bird commemorates William Alexander Hammond who was the surgeon general of the US Army. Hammond collected bird specimens for Spencer Fullerton Baird.
Description
Adults are 12–14 cm long (4.7-5.5 in), span about 22 cm (8.7 in) across the wing and weigh 8-12 g (0.3-04 oz). They have grayish-olive upperparts, darker on the wings and tail, with whitish underparts; they have a conspicuous white eye ring, white wing bars, a small bill and a short tail. The breast is washed with grey and the sides of the belly with yellow. Females usually have a shorter, wider bill than males. Immature birds are similar to adults, but have broader wing bars and are more buff.
Many species of Empidonax flycatchers are very similar in appearance. Hammond's flycatchers are mainly confused with Dusky (E. oberholseri) and Gray (E. wrightii) flycatchers, which are similar in color and size and have an overlapping range. The best way to distinguish Hammond's flycatcher is by its call, breeding habitat and/or range.
Taxonomy
Hammond's flycatchers are part of the genus Empidonax, which includes a dozen of other species. Despite the relatively large range of the species, Hammond's flycatcher does not present a lot of genetic variations. This might be the result of a bottleneck event, that could have occurred when the species range was confined to the South of the Pleistocene ice. The bird's morphology, including its plumage, is also consistent across its range. However, there is evidence showing that some Hammond's flycatchers on Vancouver Island, in British Columbia, have evolved longer, thicker bills in the absence of Western flycatchers, which occupy a very similar niche, but usually have a thicker bill than Hammond's flycatcher. Hammond's, the Dusky and the Gray flycatchers are sister species, with no evidence of interbreeding.
Habitat and distribution
Hammond's flycatcher is a migratory species, breeding in Western North America and wintering in Mexico and Central America.
Habitat
Their preferred breeding habitats are mature coniferous and mixed forests. They are typically found in dense fir forests, conifer and aspen forests and dogwood. Their wintering ground habitats are similar to those used as breeding grounds.
Distribution
Hammond's flycatchers can be found in the Western United States, including Montana, Wyoming, California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico and Colorado. In Canada, their range includes British Columbia, Yukon and Alberta. Certain birds have been found as far north as Alaska. Overall, their breeding range is formed by regions that have been greatly influenced by past glaciation events. These birds are migratory and winter in Mexico and in Central America.
Behavior
Vocalizations
The song is a multi-versed, hoarse , , , . The call is a sharp .
Hammond's flycatchers do not sing during the fall migration or on wintering grounds. They start singing in early May, shortly after their arrival on breeding grounds. The frequency of the song is usually higher at the beginning of the mating season and drops as summer progresses; males that do not have a partner sing more often and at a higher frequency than paired males.
Like in other species of the genus Empidonax, bill-snapping and mandible-clicking are commonly used in a threatening context.
Diet
Their favorite preys include beetles, flies, bees, butterflies and moths, with a mean length of 5.7 mm and a mean weight of 1.656 mg. True beetles, and net-winged insects can also be part of their diet. They often wait on an open perch in the upper parts of a tree and fly out to catch insects in flight (hawking), and are also known to pluck insects from foliage while hovering (gleaning).
Breeding
These birds are believed to be monogamous and show no evidence of extra-pair copulation. Male Hammond's flycatchers physically fight at the beginning of the breeding season, locking themselves together in midair and fluttering to the ground. They tend to nest high up in tall trees, on small to medium-sized branches. They prefer areas where they can be covered by leaves, on the northeast or southwest sides of trees, and prefer old-growth forest, with a minimum age of 80 to 90 years.
They make a cup nest on a fork in a tree. Females usually lay, in early June, three or four creamy white eggs, sometimes marked with small reddish-brown dots. The female incubates the eggs for about 15 days. The hatchlings are altricial; both the male and the female are responsible for feeding the young.
References
External links
Photo gallery - VIREO
Photo; Article with photos – schmoker.org
Hammond's flycatcher sounds - Macaulay Library
Hammond's flycatcher species account - Cornell lab of Ornithology
Hammond's flycatcher
Native birds of Alaska
Native birds of Western Canada
Native birds of the Western United States
Hammond's flycatcher
Hammond's flycatcher
Birds of the Sierra Madre Occidental
Birds of Mexico
Birds of the Sierra Madre Oriental
Birds of the Sierra Madre del Sur
Birds of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt |
George Washington (1732–1799) was the commander-in-chief of Continental forces in the American Revolution and the first president of the United States.
People with the surname Washington
George Washington (baseball) (1907–1985), American baseball player
George Washington (inventor) (1871–1946), Belgium-born American inventor of an instant coffee process
George Washington Jr. (1899–1966), his son, inventor of a photoengraving process for newspapers
George Washington (Louisiana politician)
George Washington (Mississippi politician) state legislator
George Washington (trombonist) (born 1907), American jazz trombonist
George Washington (Washington pioneer) (1817–1905), African American pioneer, founder of Centralia, Washington
George Augustine Washington (1815–1892), American tobacco planter, slaveholder, company director and politician
George Corbin Washington (1789–1854), United States Congressman from Maryland
George Dewey Washington (1898–1954), American singer
George Steptoe Washington (1771–1809), planter, militia officer and nephew of the first President
George Thomas Washington (1908–1971), judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit
George T. Washington (Liberia), Liberian political figure
People with the given name George Washington
George Washington Adams (1801–1829), American politician, and eldest son of U.S. President John Quincy Adams
George Washington Anderson (1832–1902), American politician
George Washington Bethune (1805–1862), preacher-pastor in the Dutch Reformed Church
George Washington Blanchard (1884–1964), American politician
George Washington Bolton (1841–1931), American banker and politician
George Washington Bridges (1825–1873), American politician
George Washington Browne (1853–1939), British architect
George Washington Bush (1779–1863), American pioneer
George Washington Caldwell (1849–1916), Michigan State Representative from 1897 through 1900
George Washington Campbell (1769–1848), 5th U.S. Secretary of the Treasury
George Washington Campbell (1828–1905), cofounder and lifelong board member of Alabama's Tuskegee Institute
George Washington Carver (c. 1864/5–1943), American botanist
George Washington Cass (1810–1888), American industrialist
George Washington Collins (1925–1972),American politician
George Washington Crile (1864–1943), American surgeon
George Washington Parke Custis (1781–1857), adopted son (and also step-grandson) of President George Washington
George Washington Cullum (1809–1892), Union Army general
George Washington Cutter (1801–1865), American poet and Mexican War veteran
George Washington DeLong (1844–1881), United States Navy officer
George Washington Dietzler (1826–1884), Union Army general
George Washington Dixon (1801–1861), American singer, stage actor, and newspaper editor
George Washington Doane (1799–1859), American churchman, Protestant Episcopal bishop of New Jersey
George Washington Donaghey (1856–1937), governor of the U.S. state of Arkansas from 1909 to 1913
George Washington Emery Dorsey (1842–1911), American politician
George Washington Duke (1820–1905), American tobacco industrialist and philanthropist
George Washington Dupee (1826-1897), American Baptist leader
George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. (1859–1896), American engineer
George Washington Fleeger (1839–1894), American politician
George Washington Gale (1789–1861), an American minister
George Washington Getty (1819–1901), American Civil War Union general
George Washington Glasscock (1810–1868), early settler, legislator, and businessman in Tousha
George Washington Glick (1827–1911), American politician
George Washington Goethals (1858–1928), U.S. Army officer and civil engineer
George Washington Gordon (1836–1911), Confederate Army general
George Washington Grayson (1843–1920), Creek scholar, writer, and nationalist
George Washington Greene (1775–1793), son of General Nathanael Greene
George Washington Greene (1811–1883), American historian & grandson of General Greene
George Washington Harris (1814–1869), American humorist
George Washington Hays (1863–1927), American politician
George Washington Helme (1822–1893), American businessman and soldier
George Washington Hendry (1838–1914), American Florida early settler, land developer
George Washington Hockley (1802–1854), a Texas revolutionary who served as Secretary of War for the Republic of Texas
George Washington Hopkins (1804–1861), American politician, diplomat, lawyer, judge and teacher
George Washington Johnson (1811–1862), first Confederate governor of Kentucky
George Washington Johnson (1846-1914), American singer and pioneer sound recording artist
George Washington Jones (Tennessee politician) (1806–1884), American politician
George Washington Jones (Texas politician) (1828–1903), American politician
George Washington Julian (1817–1899), American politician, writer, candidate for Vice President of the United States
Georges Washington de La Fayette (1779–1849), son of the Marquis de Lafayette (French hero of the American Revolutionary War)
George Washington Lambert (1873–1930), Australian artist
George Washington Custis Lee (also known as Custis Lee) (1832–1913), eldest son of Robert E. Lee
George Washington Lent Marr (1779–1856), American politician
George Washington Morgan (1820–1893), American Civil War general
George Washington Ochs Oakes (1861–1931), American journalist
George Washington Olvany (1876–1952), American judge and politician
George Washington Owen (1796–1837), American politician
George Washington Patterson (1799–1879), American politician
George Washington Peck (1818–1905), American politician
George Washington Pilipō (1828–1887), Hawaiian politician
George Washington Plunkitt (1842–1924), American politician
George Washington Putnam (1826–1899), American soldier and politician
George Washington Rightmire (1868–1952), American educator
George Washington Riggs (1813–1881), American businessman
George Washington Scott (1829–1903), American businessman and military officer
George Washington Shonk (1850–1900), American politician
George Washington Smith (1876–1930), American architect
George Washington Steele (1839–1922), American lawyer, soldier, and politician
George Washington Toland (1796–1869), American politician
George Washington Truett (1867–1944), American minister and writer
George Washington Vanderbilt (1839–1864), the son of Cornelius Vanderbilt and a member of the prominent Vanderbilt family
George Washington Vanderbilt II (1862–1914), builder of the Biltmore House
George Washington Vanderbilt III (1914–1961), a yachtsman and scientific explorer
George Washington Walker (1800–1859), English Quaker missionary who settled in Tasmania
George Washington Whistler (1800–1849), American railroad engineer
George Washington Williams (1849–1891), American religious figure and politician
George Washington Williams (1869–1925), United States Navy admiral
George Washington Wilson (1823–1893), Scottish photographer
George Washington Woodward (1809–1875), American politician
George Washington Wright (1816–1885), American politician
Prince George Washington of Siam (Wichaichan) (1838–1885)
Fictional characters with the given names George Washington
G. W. Bridge, a Marvel Comics character named after New York City's George Washington Bridge
George Washington Duke, from the 1990 film Rocky V
G. W. (George Washington) McLintock, played by John Wayne in 1963 movie McLintock!
In Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, Arsenal Gear's AI has been given the initials GW
George Washington, one of the names of the frog from the animated miniseries Over the Garden Wall
See also
George Washington (disambiguation)
Georges Washington
Washington (name)
Name
Compound given names |
Discotronic is the name of the Austrian dance and hands-up project of two Vienna producers, Thomas Greisl and Steve Twain (Stephan Deutsch).
History
The producer duo of Thomas Greisl and Steve Twain (Stephan Deutsch) founded the dance project Discotronic in 2006. The first single, "Tricky Disco", developed into a European club hit. In Germany, the single charted in the top 5 of the dance charts. Discotronic followed up with two more singles, "World of Discotronic / Now is the Time" and "The Master Plan."
Discotronic is under contract to the Hamburg record label, Mental Madness Records, which the German DJ and producer Dennis Bohn of Brooklyn bounce founded and is among the most successful labels of the genre.
Discotronic remixes many successful artists in the dance scene. They have already remixed tracks for DJ Manian, Cascada, Brooklyn Bounce, Rob Mayth & Dan Winter, Yanou, Basshunter, and many others.
Singles
I Surrender (Mental Madness Records)
Shooting Star (Mental Madness Records)
The Master Plan (Mental Madness Records)
Tricky Disco (Mental Madness Records)
Tricky Disco - UK Edition (All Around The World)
World of Discotronic / Now is the Time (Mental Madness Records)
Remixes
Alex Megane - Hurricane 09 (Discotronic Remix) - Yawa Recordings
Andrew Spencer - Video Killed The Radio Star (Discotronic Remix) - Mental Madness
Basshunter - Please Don't Go (Discotronic Remix) - Warner / MoS UK / Balloon Records
Brooklyn Bounce - Get Ready To Bounce (Discotronic Remix) - Mental Madness Records
Dan Winter & Mayth - Dare Me (Discotronic Remix) - Zooland Records
DJ Lawless - Sex Toys (Discotronic Remix) - Mental Madness Records
DJ Manian - Welcome to the Club (Discotronic Remix) - Zooland Records
DJ Roxx - Jumping & Pumping (Discotronic Remix) - Mental Madness Records
Escape One - Upside Down (Discotronic Remix) - Balloon Records
Global Players - Daydream (Discotronic Remix) - Klubbstyle Records
Kevin Stomper - L.I.S.I (Discotronic Remix) - Klubbstyle Records
Manian feat Aila - Heaven (Discotronic Remix) - Zeitgeist
Manox - Supermodel Girlfriend (Discotronic Remix) - Zooland Records
Rebecca J. - I Need You To Be Here (Discotronic Remix) - Be52
Silverstation - Sunshine After The Rain (Discotronic Remix) - Klubbstyle Records
Stee Wee Bee - A Star (Discotronic Remix) - Mental Madness Records
The Boyscouts - Pussy Gain (Discotronic Remix) Trak Music
Ultraflirt - Heaven Is A Place On Earth (Discotronic Remix) - Mental Madness Records
Yanou feat Mark Daviz - A Girl Like You (Discotronic Remix) - Zooland Records
External links
http://www.myspace.com/discotronic
http://www.myspace.com/stevetwain
https://web.archive.org/web/20170116001234/http://www.silverstation.net/
Austrian pop music groups |
Witwen is an unincorporated community in the town of Troy, Sauk County, Wisconsin, United States. Witwen is located on County Highway E west of Sauk City.
The community was named for G. and J. P. Witwen, the operators of a local mill.
References
Unincorporated communities in Sauk County, Wisconsin
Unincorporated communities in Wisconsin |
Jonas Bahamboula Mbemba, nicknamed Tostao (born 2 February 1949), is a former Congolese international football winger.
Career
Born in Brazzaville, Bahamboula spent his entire career playing club football for local side Diables Noirs.
With the Congo national football team, Bahamboula won the 1972 African Cup of Nations. He also played at the 1974 and 1978 African Cup of Nations finals.
In 2006, he was selected by CAF as one of the best 200 African football players of the last 50 years.
References
Cited sources
Further reading
External links
Profile at RFI.fr
1949 births
Living people
Africa Cup of Nations-winning players
Footballers from Brazzaville
Republic of the Congo men's footballers
Republic of the Congo men's international footballers
1972 African Cup of Nations players
1974 African Cup of Nations players
1978 African Cup of Nations players
CSMD Diables Noirs players
Men's association football wingers |
Halldór Guðbjörnsson (born 21 September 1946) is an Icelandic judoka. He competed in the men's lightweight event at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
References
1946 births
Living people
Halldór Gudbjörnsson
Halldór Gudbjörnsson
Judoka at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people) |
H. B. Walikar (born 18 March 1951) was the vice-chancellor of the Karnatak University in Dharwad, India.
Walikar was arrested for corruption charges and removed from office.
References
Kannada people
Graph theorists
People from Bijapur district, Karnataka
1951 births
Living people
Academic staff of Karnatak University |
The 1987 NSL Cup final was the 11th final of the NSL Cup. The final was contested in a two-legged home-and-away format between Sydney Croatia and South Melbourne. The first leg was hosted by Sydney Croatia at St George Stadium in Sydney on 14 October 1987, while the second leg was hosted by South Melbourne at Olympic Park in Melbourne on 18 October 1987. Sydney Croatia won 2–0 on aggregate to win their first NSL Cup title.
Route to the final
Sydney Croatia
Sydney Croatia started their 1987 NSL Cup campaign by winning against locals APIA Leichhardt 2–1 in the first round at home on. They defeated St George-Budapest 3–0 in the quarter-finals. In the semi-finals, they won on penalties against Heidelberg United to progress to their first NSL Cup Final.
South Melbourne
South Melbourne had a bye in the first round of this NSL campaign until they won 2–0 against Preston Makedonia in the quarter-finals. The semi-final was won 4–1 against Marconi Fairfield to progress to the Final.
Matches
First leg
Details
Second leg
Details
References
1987 NSL Cup
Sydney United 58 FC matches
South Melbourne FC matches
NSL Cup finals |
Jansel Rafael Ramírez Feliz (born September 25, 1983 in Santo Domingo) is an amateur Dominican Republic Greco-Roman wrestler, who competed in the men's featherweight category. Considered one of the Caribbean's top Greco-Roman wrestlers in his decade, Ramirez has claimed two bronze medals in the 55 and 60-kg division at the Pan American Games (2007 and 2011), and also represented the Dominican Republic at the 2004 Summer Olympics. Ramirez is also a member of the wrestling club for the Dominican Republic National Team, under his personal coach and mentor Alexis Camué.
Ramirez qualified as a lone wrestler for the Dominican Republic squad in the men's 55 kg class at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, by receiving a wild card invitation from the International Federation of Associated Wrestling (FILA). He lost two straight matches, one to Japan's Masatoshi Toyota due to the ten–point superiority limit, and the other to Hungarian wrestler and eventual winner István Majoros with a 5–0 decision, leaving Ramirez on the bottom of the pool and placing last out of twenty-two wrestlers in the final standings.
References
External links
1983 births
Living people
Dominican Republic male sport wrestlers
Olympic wrestlers for the Dominican Republic
Wrestlers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Wrestlers at the 2007 Pan American Games
Wrestlers at the 2011 Pan American Games
Sportspeople from Santo Domingo
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the Dominican Republic
Pan American Games medalists in wrestling
Wrestlers at the 2015 Pan American Games
Central American and Caribbean Games silver medalists for the Dominican Republic
Central American and Caribbean Games bronze medalists for the Dominican Republic
Competitors at the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games
Competitors at the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games
Central American and Caribbean Games medalists in wrestling
Medalists at the 2007 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2011 Pan American Games
20th-century Dominican Republic people
21st-century Dominican Republic people |
Santhanagopalaurma is a small village in Tiruttani Taluk of Thiruvallur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu (PIN 631 201). It is 10 kilometers north-east of Tiruttani and 2 kilometers from Andhra Pradhesh border. Total population is more than 1035 people.
The nearest temples and shrines are considered to be:
Tiruvallur
Tirupathi
Matthur
Thiruvaalangadu
Thirupachur
Kanchipuram
Description of Santhanagopalapuram
Agriculture is main economic activity in this village. 70% of the people own and cultivate small jasmine farms. Other important crops are peanuts (groundnut), paddy rice, vegetables, sunflowers, and sugarcane.
It has a small elementary school with less than 20 children, and 3 teachers (2015). Children who work on family jasmine farms do not fully benefit from the education offered at this school, because they are generally expected to be awake by 5 a.m. to go to the fields to pluck the jasmine flowers. By 9 a.m. the children should be ready for school, but they haven't reviewed their lessons, and are exhausted from their early morning work. The fatigue tends to remain for the rest of the school day, and they are unable concentrate in their class at the school.
The village has 3 temples (the Krishna Temple is the largest) and one water tank. Next to jasmine cultivation, paddy and sugarcane are vital crops. There is one high school at Poonimangadu, 2 miles away. It is somewhat bigger than this village. Those who wish to pursue higher studies tend to migrate to other towns and cities.
Geography
Santhanagopalapuram is located at . It has an average elevation of 76 metres (249 feet).
Demographics
India census, Santhanagopalapuram had a population of 1035. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Santhanagopalapuram has an average literacy rate of 55%, less than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 60%, and female literacy is 45%.
References
Villages in Tiruvallur district |
Toshavim (, "residents") is a generic reference to non-Sephardic Jews who inhabited lands in which the Jews expelled from Spain in 15th century settled ("Megorashim", "expellees"). The indigenous Jews in the area of North Africa known as Maghreb are also referred to as Maghrebim (Maghrebi Jews). In particular, the term "Toshavim" was applied to the indigenous Jews of Morocco.
Toshavim had their own minhagim (Judaic traditions) and they spoke Judeo-Arabic or Judeo-Berber dialects.
The new arrivals did not always deal well with the local Jews. For example, in Algiers they called the local Jews derisively "turban-wearers" and vice versa, the Spanish Jews were called "beret-wearers".
Despite the fact that Toshavim were apparently overwhelmed and absorbed by Sephardic immigrants, the differences in many areas of communal lives of Toshavim and Megorashim persisted for very long time: separate negidim, separate synagogues, separate teachers, separate cemeteries, etc. For example, in Fez, Morocco, the common minhag for (most of) the two communities was accepted only in 18th century.
See also
Berber Jews
Musta'arabi Jews
, a severe halakhic controversy about a specific type of terefah, among the Fez Jewry between Toshavim and Megorashim
Al Fassiyine Synagogue
References
Maghrebi Jews
Jewish Moroccan history
Jewish Algerian history
Jewish Tunisian history
Hebrew words and phrases |
The Brickfields Hiring Depot was a building located in North Hobart on the site of the current North Hobart Oval. It was completed by the Royal Engineers Department on 1 October 1842 and operated until 1852.
History
Female convicts were held there awaiting hire as probation pass holders from February 1842. Prior to 1844, the Brickfields was used as a place of confinement and punishment just as the Female Factories were. After 1844, the Brickfields was used as a convenience for . It was a reception centre for women discharged from the Anson. These women may have changed or lost their service. This meant that female convicts did not have to return to the Anson for a short period of time while they waited to be re-hired. It was not a Gaol or a Female Factory, but simply a depot for women serving probation.
After its closure in November 1852, Brickfields became an immigration depot and later a pauper establishment.
References
Buildings and structures in Hobart
Convictism in Tasmania
North Hobart, Tasmania |
True to Life is a 1977 studio album by American recording artist Ray Charles. It marked Ray's return to Atlantic Records. The album contains cover versions, most notably Johnny Nash's "I Can See Clearly Now", Bobby Charles' "The Jealous Kind", George and Ira Gershwin's "How Long Has This Been Going On?", and The Beatles' "Let It Be". The album was arranged by Larry Muhoberac, Roger Newman, Sid Feller and Ray Charles.
Track listing
"I Can See Clearly Now" (Johnny Nash) – 4:22
"The Jealous Kind" (Robert Guidry) – 4:38
"Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin'" (Oscar Hammerstein II, Richard Rodgers) – 4:30
"How Long Has This Been Going On?" (George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin) –- 5:07
"Be My Love" (Nicholas Brodsky, Sammy Cahn) – 4:19
"Anonymous Love" (Edward Langford, Joel Webster) – 4:36
"Heavenly Music" (Bob Bradstreet, Solomon Burke) – 3:38
"Game Number Nine" (Dee Ervin, Tommy Payton) – 4:07
"Let It Be" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney) – 3:27
Personnel
Ray Charles – arranger, engineer, keyboards, piano, producer, vocals
Sid Feller – arranger
Bob Gratts – engineer
Robert Gratts – engineer
Larry Muhoberac – arranger
Roger Newman – arranger
References
Atlantic 19142
External links
True to Life at Discogs
1977 albums
Ray Charles albums
Albums arranged by Sid Feller
Albums arranged by Larry Muhoberac
Albums produced by Ray Charles
Atlantic Records albums |
```html
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>stat/fstat - Debugging with GDB</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html">
<meta name="description" content="Debugging with GDB">
<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.8">
<link title="Top" rel="start" href="index.html#Top">
<link rel="up" href="List-of-Supported-Calls.html#List-of-Supported-Calls" title="List of Supported Calls">
<link rel="prev" href="unlink.html#unlink" title="unlink">
<link rel="next" href="gettimeofday.html#gettimeofday" title="gettimeofday">
<link href="path_to_url" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage">
<!--
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
Invariant Sections being ``Free Software'' and ``Free Software Needs
Free Documentation'', with the Front-Cover Texts being ``A GNU Manual,''
and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below.
(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You are free to copy and modify
this GNU Manual. Buying copies from GNU Press supports the FSF in
developing GNU and promoting software freedom.''
-->
<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
<style type="text/css"><!--
pre.display { font-family:inherit }
pre.format { font-family:inherit }
pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
pre.smallformat { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller }
pre.smalllisp { font-size:smaller }
span.sc { font-variant:small-caps }
span.roman { font-family:serif; font-weight:normal; }
span.sansserif { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal; }
--></style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="node">
<p>
<a name="stat%2ffstat"></a>
<a name="stat_002ffstat"></a>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="gettimeofday.html#gettimeofday">gettimeofday</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="unlink.html#unlink">unlink</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="List-of-Supported-Calls.html#List-of-Supported-Calls">List of Supported Calls</a>
<hr>
</div>
<h5 class="unnumberedsubsubsec">stat/fstat</h5>
<p><a name="index-fstat_002c-file_002di_002fo-system-call-3468"></a><a name="index-stat_002c-file_002di_002fo-system-call-3469"></a>
<dl>
<dt>Synopsis:<dd>
<pre class="smallexample"> int stat(const char *pathname, struct stat *buf);
int fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf);
</pre>
<br><dt>Request:<dd>`<samp><span class="samp">Fstat,</span><var>pathnameptr</var><span class="samp">/</span><var>len</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>bufptr</var></samp>'<br>
`<samp><span class="samp">Ffstat,</span><var>fd</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>bufptr</var></samp>'
<br><dt>Return value:<dd>On success, zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned.
<br><dt>Errors:<dd>
<dl>
<dt><code>EBADF</code><dd><var>fd</var> is not a valid open file.
<br><dt><code>ENOENT</code><dd>A directory component in <var>pathname</var> does not exist or the
path is an empty string.
<br><dt><code>ENOTDIR</code><dd>A component of the path is not a directory.
<br><dt><code>EFAULT</code><dd><var>pathnameptr</var> is an invalid pointer value.
<br><dt><code>EACCES</code><dd>No access to the file or the path of the file.
<br><dt><code>ENAMETOOLONG</code><dd><var>pathname</var> was too long.
<br><dt><code>EINTR</code><dd>The call was interrupted by the user.
</dl>
</dl>
</body></html>
``` |
```javascript
/*
Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
license that can be found in the LICENSE file or at
path_to_url
*/
importScripts('/__WORKBOX/comlink.js');
// TODO: Standardize on naming, and move over some of the legacy uses of
// postMessage() to this new approach.
// These are all the methods that will be called in the SW, but are exposed in
// the window context via Comlink.
const api = {
cachesKeys: () => {
return caches.keys();
},
clearAllCaches: async () => {
const keys = await caches.keys();
return Promise.all(keys.map((key) => caches.delete(key)));
},
doesDbExist: (dbName) => {
return new Promise((resolve) => {
const result = indexedDB.open(dbName);
result.onupgradeneeded = (event) => {
event.target.transaction.abort();
event.target.result.close();
resolve(false);
};
result.onsuccess = (event) => {
event.target.result.close();
resolve(true);
};
});
},
getObjectStoreEntries: (dbName, objStoreName) => {
return new Promise((resolve) => {
const result = indexedDB.open(dbName);
result.onsuccess = (event) => {
const db = event.target.result;
db
.transaction(objStoreName)
.objectStore(objStoreName)
.getAll().onsuccess = (event) => {
resolve(event.target.result);
};
};
});
},
cacheURLs: async (cacheName) => {
const cache = await caches.open(cacheName);
const requests = await cache.keys();
return requests.map((request) => request.url);
},
getCachedResponseText: async (cacheName, url) => {
const cache = await caches.open(cacheName);
const response = await cache.match(url);
return response.text();
},
isNavigationPreloadSupported: async () => {
return workbox.navigationPreload.isSupported();
},
};
self.addEventListener('message', (event) => {
if (event.data instanceof MessagePort) {
Comlink.expose(api, event.data);
event.data.start();
}
});
``` |
Kirkburn is a village on the B7062, close to Peebles and the River Tweed, in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, at the edge of the Cardrona Forest.
Other places in the vicinity are Glen Ho, Glentress, Horsburgh Castle, Innerleithen, Kailzie, Kailzie Gardens, Kirkhope Law, Neidpath Castle and Nether Horsbrugh.
See also
Kailzie Gardens
List of places in the Scottish Borders
List of places in Scotland
External links
History
RCAHMS record for Kirkburn (Traquair Parish)
References
Toolis, R (2005) 'Kirkburn, Peebles, Scottish Borders (Traquair parish), watching brief.
Villages in the Scottish Borders |
Steinbach is a town in the Hochtaunuskreis that borders Frankfurt am Main to the east. Other neighbouring towns are Oberursel, Kronberg im Taunus and Eschborn. It is in the German state of Hesse.
Geography
Location
Steinbach lies at a height of 166 metres above sea level in the hills of the Anterior Taunus and on the edge of the Taunus Nature Park. It is about 7 km from Frankfurt's city boundary and 7.5 km southwest of Bad Homburg vor der Höhe. The mountains of Altkönig (798 m) and Feldberg (879 m) to the northwest are within the line of sight. Under clear conditions, the Odenwald can be distinguished in the southwest. To the south is the Frankfurt skyline and, under a sunny weather, the Staudinger power station in Großkrotzenburg can be seen.
Neighbouring communities
Steinbach is bordered in the north by the town of Oberursel, in the east by the district-free city of Frankfurt, in the south by the town of Eschborn (Main-Taunus-Kreis), and in the west by the town of Kronberg.
Geology
The town is surrounded by large areas of open land. In the southeast lies the valley of the Steinbach, which empties into the Nidda at Praunheim, and which is a protected landscape. The western region scattered orchards and field hedges is part of a high-priority area for nature and landscape. Toward the northwest lies the forest of Steinbach Heath.
Description
The old village was originally a circular village, whose houses were clustered in a region of 100 metres around the old wells at the "Pijnacker place". The local wells ("Bütt") provided the residents with a source of fresh water (the water pipe was only installed in 1954 - at the same time as the gas lines - after Steinbach joined the Upper Taunus district. Predictions supplied by the single-house-wells or water was by hand-pumps from a running well.) From the square, still lower and Kirchgasse and Bornhohl - in the upper lane extension -.
Neighbours
N: Taunus, Altkönig, Feldberg
NE: Oberursel, Bad Homburg
E: Oberursel-Stierstadt, Oberursel-Weißkirchen, S-Bahnhof
SE: Frankfurt am Main (Niederursel, Praunheim)
S: Frankfurt (Sossenheim, Rödelheim), Eschborn-Süd
SW: Eschborn
W: Niederhöchstadt, Schwalbach, Main-Taunus-Kreis
NW: Kronberg, Oberhöchstadt
Coat of arms
Steinbach's civic coat of arms shows a harnessed spring with two spouts out of both of which is coming water, pouring into a vat. This heraldic charge is based on an actual spring that can be found at Pijnacker Square in the town.
Steinbach was granted these arms in 1964, and their origin is wholly modern, as the town had never had arms until this time, at least as far as was known. The vat originally surrounded the spring and served to hold the water for those who needed it. This struck some as rather an odd sight, and it earned the town the nickname Steinbach in der Bütt (Bütt, or more usually Bütte, being German for "vat").
History
Steinbach had its first documentary mention in 789 in the codex traditionum: "The Marca Steinbach goes as a donation to the Lorsch Benedictine Monastery".
The Protestant Church of St. George Steinbach belonged to the Archbishopric of Mainz and was built around 1270. But the oldest written reference dates from the year 1371, as the knight Frank von Kronberg bequeathed 40 guilders for their building maintenance in his will. Since 1367 Steinbach has belonged to the parish of Eschborn. Ecclesiastical Middle Authority was the Archdeacon of the provost of St. Peter in Mainz.
From 1866 to 1945, Steinbach was a Hessian island within otherwise Prussian territory in the Anterior Taunus (the part of the Taunus nearest Frankfurt): As the only community in Frankfurt's west, it belonged not to the Prussian-occupied Duchy of Nassau but to the Offenbach district in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, and as of the 1918 Revolution to the People's State of Hesse. Until 1945, therefore, the community bordered on "foreign" territory at every compass point.
Out of this community grew a small town – which only 50 years earlier did not even have 1000 inhabitants – when in 1972 Steinbach was granted town rights after municipal reform.
Sights
Steinbach is in the "Rhein-Main-Gebiet" and has not many historic buildings, but here is a small Overview: In the heart of Steinbach stone on the court Pijnacker: Here is the symbol "Bütt", a well run, jump out of the Steinbach fed. Framed this is the center of the two inns "Zum Goldenen Stern" and "Zum Schwanen", with its monumental timbered facade. Both bars have a very long tradition. The oldest restaurant in Steinbach "Zum Taunus" in the Bornhohl no longer exists. In the Kirchgasse, is the back house, nor by the old custom of baking bread itself. The back rooms of the house, but also for various exhibitions and lectures. There is also a "Trauzimmer". The St. George's Church (Protestant) is next to the back house. It was built 1537 as the first Protestant church in Germany at the direction of Caspar Kronberg of the second century. In Steinbach, there are some old buildings, by the bronze plates on the Built and other important details to report, such as the old "Schultheißenhaus" in "Bornhohl", which was first documented in 1549 as a house of "Schultheißenamtes" was mentioned in today monument. Interesting and historically valuable is the house Untergasse 2 by 1782 to 1856 Johann Christoph Diehl lived, the teacher from Frederick Stolze. A bronze plate reminiscent of the former Steinbacher. Change of location: The first of the Oak Forest City Steinbacher is a tree monument. It is the most southerly of the Taunus oak.
Bells of St. George's Church
In the small, pointed turrets of St. George's Church are two bells. The oldest, the St. George bell from the year 1622 (still from the 30-year war) has a weight of 250 pounds and is in the tone "dis". Their inscription reads "I poured Joh Andr. Schneiderwin Frankfurdt 1622.
The other, which John Bell poured on 2 December 1956 by Gebr Rinker in mind weighs 220 pounds and is on the sound "f". It was created by the longtime pastor Martin Tuber consecrated.
Population development
Economy
Steinbach has at its disposal a 14-hectare industrial park.
Transport
Steinbach is distinguished by not having a direct road link to Frankfurt. Through Oberursel-Weißkirchen/Steinbach station, however, it is joined to the RMV S-Bahn network. The bigger towns of Oberursel, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe and Frankfurt am Main can be reached on line S5.
Two buslines connect the town core and outlying residential neighbourhoods with the railway station on the Homburger Bahn and with neighbouring places.
A few kilometres away are interchanges with Autobahnen A 5 and A 66.
Frankfurt International Airport is 15 km away.
Educational institutions
Steinbach is home to the Geschwister-Scholl-Grundschule, a primary school named after Hans and Sophie Scholl, a brother and sister who were part of the White Rose resistance group in Nazi Germany.
Notable people
Christian Gottlieb Reuter, architect
Partnerships
Steinbach maintains partnership links with the following places:
Pijnacker, Netherlands
Saint-Avertin, France
Steinbach-Hallenberg, Thuringia
References
External links
Steinbach (Taunus)
Hochtaunuskreis |
```assembly
! gcrt1.s for Solaris 2, x86
! Written By Fred Fish, Nov 1992
!
! This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
! Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
! later version.
!
! Free Software Foundation gives you unlimited permission to link the
! compiled version of this file with other programs, and to distribute
! those programs without any restriction coming from the use of this
! respects; for example, they cover modification of the file, and
! distribution when not linked into another program.)
!
! This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
! WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
! MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
!
! along with this program; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
! the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
! Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
!
! As a special exception, if you link this library with files
! compiled with GCC to produce an executable, this does not cause
! This exception does not however invalidate any other reasons why
!
! This file takes control of the process from the kernel, as specified
! in section 3 of the System V Application Binary Interface, Intel386
! Processor Supplement. It has been constructed from information obtained
! from the ABI, information obtained from single stepping existing
! Solaris executables through their startup code with gdb, and from
! information obtained by single stepping executables on other i386 SVR4
! implementations. This file is the first thing linked into any executable.
! This is a modified crt1.s by J.W.Hawtin <oolon@ankh.org> 15/8/96,
! to allow program profiling, by calling monstartup on entry and _mcleanup
! on exit
.file "gcrt1.s"
.ident "GNU C gcrt1.s"
.weak _DYNAMIC
.text
! Start creating the initial frame by pushing a NULL value for the return
! address of the initial frame, and mark the end of the stack frame chain
! (the innermost stack frame) with a NULL value, per page 3-32 of the ABI.
! Initialize the first stack frame pointer in %ebp (the contents of which
! are unspecified at process initialization).
.globl _start
_start:
pushl $0x0
pushl $0x0
movl %esp,%ebp
! As specified per page 3-32 of the ABI, %edx contains a function
! pointer that should be registered with atexit(), for proper
! shared object termination. Just push it onto the stack for now
! to preserve it. We want to register _cleanup() first.
pushl %edx
! Check to see if there is an _cleanup() function linked in, and if
! so, register it with atexit() as the last thing to be run by
! atexit().
movl $_mcleanup,%eax
testl %eax,%eax
je .L1
pushl $_mcleanup
call atexit
addl $0x4,%esp
.L1:
! Now check to see if we have an _DYNAMIC table, and if so then
! we need to register the function pointer previously in %edx, but
! now conveniently saved on the stack as the argument to pass to
! atexit().
movl $_DYNAMIC,%eax
testl %eax,%eax
je .L2
call atexit
.L2:
! Register _fini() with atexit(). We will take care of calling _init()
! directly.
pushl $_fini
call atexit
! Start profiling
pushl %ebp
movl %esp,%ebp
pushl $_etext
pushl $_start
call monstartup
addl $8,%esp
popl %ebp
! Compute the address of the environment vector on the stack and load
! it into the global variable _environ. Currently argc is at 8 off
! the frame pointer. Fetch the argument count into %eax, scale by the
! size of each arg (4 bytes) and compute the address of the environment
! vector which is 16 bytes (the two zero words we pushed, plus argc,
! plus the null word terminating the arg vector) further up the stack,
! off the frame pointer (whew!).
movl 8(%ebp),%eax
leal 16(%ebp,%eax,4),%edx
movl %edx,_environ
! Push the environment vector pointer, the argument vector pointer,
! and the argument count on to the stack to set up the arguments
! for _init(), _fpstart(), and main(). Note that the environment
! vector pointer and the arg count were previously loaded into
! %edx and %eax respectively. The only new value we need to compute
! is the argument vector pointer, which is at a fixed address off
! the initial frame pointer.
!
! Make sure the stack is properly aligned.
!
andl $0xfffffff0,%esp
subl $4,%esp
pushl %edx
leal 12(%ebp),%edx
pushl %edx
pushl %eax
! Call _init(argc, argv, environ), _fpstart(argc, argv, environ), and
! main(argc, argv, environ).
call _init
call __fpstart
call main
! Pop the argc, argv, and environ arguments off the stack, push the
! value returned from main(), and call exit().
addl $12,%esp
pushl %eax
call exit
! An inline equivalent of _exit, as specified in Figure 3-26 of the ABI.
pushl $0x0
movl $0x1,%eax
lcall $7,$0
! If all else fails, just try a halt!
hlt
.type _start,@function
.size _start,.-_start
``` |
A number of steamships have carried the name Vega, including
, Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld sailed in 1878 in the Vega from Gothenburg along the coast of Siberia to Yokohama on his discovery of the Northeast Passage
, a Swedish steamship chartered by the Red Cross during World War II.
SS Vega, bult in 1895, ex Gambia renamed in 1915, sunk in 1916 by a U-Boat near Barcelona
SS Vega, a Swedish steamship, built 1897 in Flensburg for the danish company Nordsöen, Copenhagen. Original name was Nordland, which struck a mine and sank on 20 December 1939
SS Vega, passenger cargo steamship built in 1898, called Tjaldur until 1904 when it was renamed Dora until name changed in 1939 to Vega when it was registered in Panama. In June 1942 it was sold to Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine and rebuilt in Naples, used as a supply ship to North Africa it was shelled and sunk in December 1942 off Tunis by the British Navy
NYK Vega, 94,000 ton container ship built in 2008
MV Vega, 30,000 ton container ship which on 27 October 2010 rescued 98 fishermen who had abandoned their vessel, the Athena, after it caught fire in the Celtic Sea.
Books
Printed in 1882. The Voyage of the Vega and its results. Arctic exploration by Ellen M. Clerke
Printed in 1996. A tribute to the SS Vega. Supply ship for the Channel Islands by Keith Taylor
References
External links
Photo of the Red Cross ship SS Vega in 1944
Ship names |
```python
"""GraphLasso: sparse inverse covariance estimation with an l1-penalized
estimator.
"""
# Author: Gael Varoquaux <gael.varoquaux@normalesup.org>
import warnings
import operator
import sys
import time
import numpy as np
from scipy import linalg
from .empirical_covariance_ import (empirical_covariance, EmpiricalCovariance,
log_likelihood)
from ..exceptions import ConvergenceWarning
from ..utils.validation import check_random_state, check_array
from ..utils import deprecated
from ..linear_model import lars_path
from ..linear_model import cd_fast
from ..model_selection import check_cv, cross_val_score
from ..externals.joblib import Parallel, delayed
import collections
# Helper functions to compute the objective and dual objective functions
# of the l1-penalized estimator
def _objective(mle, precision_, alpha):
"""Evaluation of the graph-lasso objective function
the objective function is made of a shifted scaled version of the
normalized log-likelihood (i.e. its empirical mean over the samples) and a
penalisation term to promote sparsity
"""
p = precision_.shape[0]
cost = - 2. * log_likelihood(mle, precision_) + p * np.log(2 * np.pi)
cost += alpha * (np.abs(precision_).sum()
- np.abs(np.diag(precision_)).sum())
return cost
def _dual_gap(emp_cov, precision_, alpha):
"""Expression of the dual gap convergence criterion
The specific definition is given in Duchi "Projected Subgradient Methods
for Learning Sparse Gaussians".
"""
gap = np.sum(emp_cov * precision_)
gap -= precision_.shape[0]
gap += alpha * (np.abs(precision_).sum()
- np.abs(np.diag(precision_)).sum())
return gap
def alpha_max(emp_cov):
"""Find the maximum alpha for which there are some non-zeros off-diagonal.
Parameters
----------
emp_cov : 2D array, (n_features, n_features)
The sample covariance matrix
Notes
-----
This results from the bound for the all the Lasso that are solved
in GraphLasso: each time, the row of cov corresponds to Xy. As the
bound for alpha is given by `max(abs(Xy))`, the result follows.
"""
A = np.copy(emp_cov)
A.flat[::A.shape[0] + 1] = 0
return np.max(np.abs(A))
# The g-lasso algorithm
def graph_lasso(emp_cov, alpha, cov_init=None, mode='cd', tol=1e-4,
enet_tol=1e-4, max_iter=100, verbose=False,
return_costs=False, eps=np.finfo(np.float64).eps,
return_n_iter=False):
"""l1-penalized covariance estimator
Read more in the :ref:`User Guide <sparse_inverse_covariance>`.
Parameters
----------
emp_cov : 2D ndarray, shape (n_features, n_features)
Empirical covariance from which to compute the covariance estimate.
alpha : positive float
The regularization parameter: the higher alpha, the more
regularization, the sparser the inverse covariance.
cov_init : 2D array (n_features, n_features), optional
The initial guess for the covariance.
mode : {'cd', 'lars'}
The Lasso solver to use: coordinate descent or LARS. Use LARS for
very sparse underlying graphs, where p > n. Elsewhere prefer cd
which is more numerically stable.
tol : positive float, optional
The tolerance to declare convergence: if the dual gap goes below
this value, iterations are stopped.
enet_tol : positive float, optional
The tolerance for the elastic net solver used to calculate the descent
direction. This parameter controls the accuracy of the search direction
for a given column update, not of the overall parameter estimate. Only
used for mode='cd'.
max_iter : integer, optional
The maximum number of iterations.
verbose : boolean, optional
If verbose is True, the objective function and dual gap are
printed at each iteration.
return_costs : boolean, optional
If return_costs is True, the objective function and dual gap
at each iteration are returned.
eps : float, optional
The machine-precision regularization in the computation of the
Cholesky diagonal factors. Increase this for very ill-conditioned
systems.
return_n_iter : bool, optional
Whether or not to return the number of iterations.
Returns
-------
covariance : 2D ndarray, shape (n_features, n_features)
The estimated covariance matrix.
precision : 2D ndarray, shape (n_features, n_features)
The estimated (sparse) precision matrix.
costs : list of (objective, dual_gap) pairs
The list of values of the objective function and the dual gap at
each iteration. Returned only if return_costs is True.
n_iter : int
Number of iterations. Returned only if `return_n_iter` is set to True.
See Also
--------
GraphLasso, GraphLassoCV
Notes
-----
The algorithm employed to solve this problem is the GLasso algorithm,
from the Friedman 2008 Biostatistics paper. It is the same algorithm
as in the R `glasso` package.
One possible difference with the `glasso` R package is that the
diagonal coefficients are not penalized.
"""
_, n_features = emp_cov.shape
if alpha == 0:
if return_costs:
precision_ = linalg.inv(emp_cov)
cost = - 2. * log_likelihood(emp_cov, precision_)
cost += n_features * np.log(2 * np.pi)
d_gap = np.sum(emp_cov * precision_) - n_features
if return_n_iter:
return emp_cov, precision_, (cost, d_gap), 0
else:
return emp_cov, precision_, (cost, d_gap)
else:
if return_n_iter:
return emp_cov, linalg.inv(emp_cov), 0
else:
return emp_cov, linalg.inv(emp_cov)
if cov_init is None:
covariance_ = emp_cov.copy()
else:
covariance_ = cov_init.copy()
# As a trivial regularization (Tikhonov like), we scale down the
# off-diagonal coefficients of our starting point: This is needed, as
# in the cross-validation the cov_init can easily be
# ill-conditioned, and the CV loop blows. Beside, this takes
# conservative stand-point on the initial conditions, and it tends to
# make the convergence go faster.
covariance_ *= 0.95
diagonal = emp_cov.flat[::n_features + 1]
covariance_.flat[::n_features + 1] = diagonal
precision_ = linalg.pinvh(covariance_)
indices = np.arange(n_features)
costs = list()
# The different l1 regression solver have different numerical errors
if mode == 'cd':
errors = dict(over='raise', invalid='ignore')
else:
errors = dict(invalid='raise')
try:
# be robust to the max_iter=0 edge case, see:
# path_to_url
d_gap = np.inf
for i in range(max_iter):
for idx in range(n_features):
sub_covariance = np.ascontiguousarray(
covariance_[indices != idx].T[indices != idx])
row = emp_cov[idx, indices != idx]
with np.errstate(**errors):
if mode == 'cd':
# Use coordinate descent
coefs = -(precision_[indices != idx, idx]
/ (precision_[idx, idx] + 1000 * eps))
coefs, _, _, _ = cd_fast.enet_coordinate_descent_gram(
coefs, alpha, 0, sub_covariance, row, row,
max_iter, enet_tol, check_random_state(None), False)
else:
# Use LARS
_, _, coefs = lars_path(
sub_covariance, row, Xy=row, Gram=sub_covariance,
alpha_min=alpha / (n_features - 1), copy_Gram=True,
eps=eps, method='lars', return_path=False)
# Update the precision matrix
precision_[idx, idx] = (
1. / (covariance_[idx, idx]
- np.dot(covariance_[indices != idx, idx], coefs)))
precision_[indices != idx, idx] = (- precision_[idx, idx]
* coefs)
precision_[idx, indices != idx] = (- precision_[idx, idx]
* coefs)
coefs = np.dot(sub_covariance, coefs)
covariance_[idx, indices != idx] = coefs
covariance_[indices != idx, idx] = coefs
d_gap = _dual_gap(emp_cov, precision_, alpha)
cost = _objective(emp_cov, precision_, alpha)
if verbose:
print(
'[graph_lasso] Iteration % 3i, cost % 3.2e, dual gap %.3e'
% (i, cost, d_gap))
if return_costs:
costs.append((cost, d_gap))
if np.abs(d_gap) < tol:
break
if not np.isfinite(cost) and i > 0:
raise FloatingPointError('Non SPD result: the system is '
'too ill-conditioned for this solver')
else:
warnings.warn('graph_lasso: did not converge after %i iteration:'
' dual gap: %.3e' % (max_iter, d_gap),
ConvergenceWarning)
except FloatingPointError as e:
e.args = (e.args[0]
+ '. The system is too ill-conditioned for this solver',)
raise e
if return_costs:
if return_n_iter:
return covariance_, precision_, costs, i + 1
else:
return covariance_, precision_, costs
else:
if return_n_iter:
return covariance_, precision_, i + 1
else:
return covariance_, precision_
class GraphLasso(EmpiricalCovariance):
"""Sparse inverse covariance estimation with an l1-penalized estimator.
Read more in the :ref:`User Guide <sparse_inverse_covariance>`.
Parameters
----------
alpha : positive float, default 0.01
The regularization parameter: the higher alpha, the more
regularization, the sparser the inverse covariance.
mode : {'cd', 'lars'}, default 'cd'
The Lasso solver to use: coordinate descent or LARS. Use LARS for
very sparse underlying graphs, where p > n. Elsewhere prefer cd
which is more numerically stable.
tol : positive float, default 1e-4
The tolerance to declare convergence: if the dual gap goes below
this value, iterations are stopped.
enet_tol : positive float, optional
The tolerance for the elastic net solver used to calculate the descent
direction. This parameter controls the accuracy of the search direction
for a given column update, not of the overall parameter estimate. Only
used for mode='cd'.
max_iter : integer, default 100
The maximum number of iterations.
verbose : boolean, default False
If verbose is True, the objective function and dual gap are
plotted at each iteration.
assume_centered : boolean, default False
If True, data are not centered before computation.
Useful when working with data whose mean is almost, but not exactly
zero.
If False, data are centered before computation.
Attributes
----------
covariance_ : array-like, shape (n_features, n_features)
Estimated covariance matrix
precision_ : array-like, shape (n_features, n_features)
Estimated pseudo inverse matrix.
n_iter_ : int
Number of iterations run.
See Also
--------
graph_lasso, GraphLassoCV
"""
def __init__(self, alpha=.01, mode='cd', tol=1e-4, enet_tol=1e-4,
max_iter=100, verbose=False, assume_centered=False):
super(GraphLasso, self).__init__(assume_centered=assume_centered)
self.alpha = alpha
self.mode = mode
self.tol = tol
self.enet_tol = enet_tol
self.max_iter = max_iter
self.verbose = verbose
def fit(self, X, y=None):
"""Fits the GraphLasso model to X.
Parameters
----------
X : ndarray, shape (n_samples, n_features)
Data from which to compute the covariance estimate
y : (ignored)
"""
# Covariance does not make sense for a single feature
X = check_array(X, ensure_min_features=2, ensure_min_samples=2,
estimator=self)
if self.assume_centered:
self.location_ = np.zeros(X.shape[1])
else:
self.location_ = X.mean(0)
emp_cov = empirical_covariance(
X, assume_centered=self.assume_centered)
self.covariance_, self.precision_, self.n_iter_ = graph_lasso(
emp_cov, alpha=self.alpha, mode=self.mode, tol=self.tol,
enet_tol=self.enet_tol, max_iter=self.max_iter,
verbose=self.verbose, return_n_iter=True)
return self
# Cross-validation with GraphLasso
def graph_lasso_path(X, alphas, cov_init=None, X_test=None, mode='cd',
tol=1e-4, enet_tol=1e-4, max_iter=100, verbose=False):
"""l1-penalized covariance estimator along a path of decreasing alphas
Read more in the :ref:`User Guide <sparse_inverse_covariance>`.
Parameters
----------
X : 2D ndarray, shape (n_samples, n_features)
Data from which to compute the covariance estimate.
alphas : list of positive floats
The list of regularization parameters, decreasing order.
X_test : 2D array, shape (n_test_samples, n_features), optional
Optional test matrix to measure generalisation error.
mode : {'cd', 'lars'}
The Lasso solver to use: coordinate descent or LARS. Use LARS for
very sparse underlying graphs, where p > n. Elsewhere prefer cd
which is more numerically stable.
tol : positive float, optional
The tolerance to declare convergence: if the dual gap goes below
this value, iterations are stopped.
enet_tol : positive float, optional
The tolerance for the elastic net solver used to calculate the descent
direction. This parameter controls the accuracy of the search direction
for a given column update, not of the overall parameter estimate. Only
used for mode='cd'.
max_iter : integer, optional
The maximum number of iterations.
verbose : integer, optional
The higher the verbosity flag, the more information is printed
during the fitting.
Returns
-------
covariances_ : List of 2D ndarray, shape (n_features, n_features)
The estimated covariance matrices.
precisions_ : List of 2D ndarray, shape (n_features, n_features)
The estimated (sparse) precision matrices.
scores_ : List of float
The generalisation error (log-likelihood) on the test data.
Returned only if test data is passed.
"""
inner_verbose = max(0, verbose - 1)
emp_cov = empirical_covariance(X)
if cov_init is None:
covariance_ = emp_cov.copy()
else:
covariance_ = cov_init
covariances_ = list()
precisions_ = list()
scores_ = list()
if X_test is not None:
test_emp_cov = empirical_covariance(X_test)
for alpha in alphas:
try:
# Capture the errors, and move on
covariance_, precision_ = graph_lasso(
emp_cov, alpha=alpha, cov_init=covariance_, mode=mode, tol=tol,
enet_tol=enet_tol, max_iter=max_iter, verbose=inner_verbose)
covariances_.append(covariance_)
precisions_.append(precision_)
if X_test is not None:
this_score = log_likelihood(test_emp_cov, precision_)
except FloatingPointError:
this_score = -np.inf
covariances_.append(np.nan)
precisions_.append(np.nan)
if X_test is not None:
if not np.isfinite(this_score):
this_score = -np.inf
scores_.append(this_score)
if verbose == 1:
sys.stderr.write('.')
elif verbose > 1:
if X_test is not None:
print('[graph_lasso_path] alpha: %.2e, score: %.2e'
% (alpha, this_score))
else:
print('[graph_lasso_path] alpha: %.2e' % alpha)
if X_test is not None:
return covariances_, precisions_, scores_
return covariances_, precisions_
class GraphLassoCV(GraphLasso):
"""Sparse inverse covariance w/ cross-validated choice of the l1 penalty
Read more in the :ref:`User Guide <sparse_inverse_covariance>`.
Parameters
----------
alphas : integer, or list positive float, optional
If an integer is given, it fixes the number of points on the
grids of alpha to be used. If a list is given, it gives the
grid to be used. See the notes in the class docstring for
more details.
n_refinements : strictly positive integer
The number of times the grid is refined. Not used if explicit
values of alphas are passed.
cv : int, cross-validation generator or an iterable, optional
Determines the cross-validation splitting strategy.
Possible inputs for cv are:
- None, to use the default 3-fold cross-validation,
- integer, to specify the number of folds.
- An object to be used as a cross-validation generator.
- An iterable yielding train/test splits.
For integer/None inputs :class:`KFold` is used.
Refer :ref:`User Guide <cross_validation>` for the various
cross-validation strategies that can be used here.
tol : positive float, optional
The tolerance to declare convergence: if the dual gap goes below
this value, iterations are stopped.
enet_tol : positive float, optional
The tolerance for the elastic net solver used to calculate the descent
direction. This parameter controls the accuracy of the search direction
for a given column update, not of the overall parameter estimate. Only
used for mode='cd'.
max_iter : integer, optional
Maximum number of iterations.
mode : {'cd', 'lars'}
The Lasso solver to use: coordinate descent or LARS. Use LARS for
very sparse underlying graphs, where number of features is greater
than number of samples. Elsewhere prefer cd which is more numerically
stable.
n_jobs : int, optional
number of jobs to run in parallel (default 1).
verbose : boolean, optional
If verbose is True, the objective function and duality gap are
printed at each iteration.
assume_centered : Boolean
If True, data are not centered before computation.
Useful when working with data whose mean is almost, but not exactly
zero.
If False, data are centered before computation.
Attributes
----------
covariance_ : numpy.ndarray, shape (n_features, n_features)
Estimated covariance matrix.
precision_ : numpy.ndarray, shape (n_features, n_features)
Estimated precision matrix (inverse covariance).
alpha_ : float
Penalization parameter selected.
cv_alphas_ : list of float
All penalization parameters explored.
grid_scores_ : 2D numpy.ndarray (n_alphas, n_folds)
Log-likelihood score on left-out data across folds.
n_iter_ : int
Number of iterations run for the optimal alpha.
See Also
--------
graph_lasso, GraphLasso
Notes
-----
The search for the optimal penalization parameter (alpha) is done on an
iteratively refined grid: first the cross-validated scores on a grid are
computed, then a new refined grid is centered around the maximum, and so
on.
One of the challenges which is faced here is that the solvers can
fail to converge to a well-conditioned estimate. The corresponding
values of alpha then come out as missing values, but the optimum may
be close to these missing values.
"""
def __init__(self, alphas=4, n_refinements=4, cv=None, tol=1e-4,
enet_tol=1e-4, max_iter=100, mode='cd', n_jobs=1,
verbose=False, assume_centered=False):
super(GraphLassoCV, self).__init__(
mode=mode, tol=tol, verbose=verbose, enet_tol=enet_tol,
max_iter=max_iter, assume_centered=assume_centered)
self.alphas = alphas
self.n_refinements = n_refinements
self.cv = cv
self.n_jobs = n_jobs
@property
@deprecated("Attribute grid_scores was deprecated in version 0.19 and "
"will be removed in 0.21. Use ``grid_scores_`` instead")
def grid_scores(self):
return self.grid_scores_
def fit(self, X, y=None):
"""Fits the GraphLasso covariance model to X.
Parameters
----------
X : ndarray, shape (n_samples, n_features)
Data from which to compute the covariance estimate
y : (ignored)
"""
# Covariance does not make sense for a single feature
X = check_array(X, ensure_min_features=2, estimator=self)
if self.assume_centered:
self.location_ = np.zeros(X.shape[1])
else:
self.location_ = X.mean(0)
emp_cov = empirical_covariance(
X, assume_centered=self.assume_centered)
cv = check_cv(self.cv, y, classifier=False)
# List of (alpha, scores, covs)
path = list()
n_alphas = self.alphas
inner_verbose = max(0, self.verbose - 1)
if isinstance(n_alphas, collections.Sequence):
alphas = self.alphas
n_refinements = 1
else:
n_refinements = self.n_refinements
alpha_1 = alpha_max(emp_cov)
alpha_0 = 1e-2 * alpha_1
alphas = np.logspace(np.log10(alpha_0), np.log10(alpha_1),
n_alphas)[::-1]
t0 = time.time()
for i in range(n_refinements):
with warnings.catch_warnings():
# No need to see the convergence warnings on this grid:
# they will always be points that will not converge
# during the cross-validation
warnings.simplefilter('ignore', ConvergenceWarning)
# Compute the cross-validated loss on the current grid
# NOTE: Warm-restarting graph_lasso_path has been tried, and
# this did not allow to gain anything (same execution time with
# or without).
this_path = Parallel(
n_jobs=self.n_jobs,
verbose=self.verbose
)(delayed(graph_lasso_path)(X[train], alphas=alphas,
X_test=X[test], mode=self.mode,
tol=self.tol,
enet_tol=self.enet_tol,
max_iter=int(.1 * self.max_iter),
verbose=inner_verbose)
for train, test in cv.split(X, y))
# Little danse to transform the list in what we need
covs, _, scores = zip(*this_path)
covs = zip(*covs)
scores = zip(*scores)
path.extend(zip(alphas, scores, covs))
path = sorted(path, key=operator.itemgetter(0), reverse=True)
# Find the maximum (avoid using built in 'max' function to
# have a fully-reproducible selection of the smallest alpha
# in case of equality)
best_score = -np.inf
last_finite_idx = 0
for index, (alpha, scores, _) in enumerate(path):
this_score = np.mean(scores)
if this_score >= .1 / np.finfo(np.float64).eps:
this_score = np.nan
if np.isfinite(this_score):
last_finite_idx = index
if this_score >= best_score:
best_score = this_score
best_index = index
# Refine the grid
if best_index == 0:
# We do not need to go back: we have chosen
# the highest value of alpha for which there are
# non-zero coefficients
alpha_1 = path[0][0]
alpha_0 = path[1][0]
elif (best_index == last_finite_idx
and not best_index == len(path) - 1):
# We have non-converged models on the upper bound of the
# grid, we need to refine the grid there
alpha_1 = path[best_index][0]
alpha_0 = path[best_index + 1][0]
elif best_index == len(path) - 1:
alpha_1 = path[best_index][0]
alpha_0 = 0.01 * path[best_index][0]
else:
alpha_1 = path[best_index - 1][0]
alpha_0 = path[best_index + 1][0]
if not isinstance(n_alphas, collections.Sequence):
alphas = np.logspace(np.log10(alpha_1), np.log10(alpha_0),
n_alphas + 2)
alphas = alphas[1:-1]
if self.verbose and n_refinements > 1:
print('[GraphLassoCV] Done refinement % 2i out of %i: % 3is'
% (i + 1, n_refinements, time.time() - t0))
path = list(zip(*path))
grid_scores = list(path[1])
alphas = list(path[0])
# Finally, compute the score with alpha = 0
alphas.append(0)
grid_scores.append(cross_val_score(EmpiricalCovariance(), X,
cv=cv, n_jobs=self.n_jobs,
verbose=inner_verbose))
self.grid_scores_ = np.array(grid_scores)
best_alpha = alphas[best_index]
self.alpha_ = best_alpha
self.cv_alphas_ = alphas
# Finally fit the model with the selected alpha
self.covariance_, self.precision_, self.n_iter_ = graph_lasso(
emp_cov, alpha=best_alpha, mode=self.mode, tol=self.tol,
enet_tol=self.enet_tol, max_iter=self.max_iter,
verbose=inner_verbose, return_n_iter=True)
return self
``` |
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