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Devil in a Blue Dress is a 1990 hardboiled mystery novel by Walter Mosley, his first published book.
The text centers on the main character, Ezekiel "Easy" Rawlins, and his transformation from a day laborer into a detective.
Plot
Set in 1948, the story begins in the Watts area of Los Angeles, with Ezekiel "Easy" Rawlins, a Houstonian — from that city's Fifth Ward — who lost his job at an aviation defense plant in Los Angeles and is unable to pay the mortgage on his LA home. Easy is sitting in a bar run by Joppy, a friend who is also from Houston, when a man named DeWitt Albright walks into the bar and offers him a job finding a young White woman named Daphne Monet, who is rumored to be hanging out in bars frequented mostly by African Americans, but where White women are allowed inside.
At the bar, Easy meets two old friends, Coretta and Dupree, among many other people that he knew from his former life in Houston. Coretta says that she knows Daphne, but gives an incorrect address to Easy. He goes home with them and has sex with Coretta while Dupree is asleep in the next room. Easy then leaves her early the next morning, only to be arrested by the LAPD. Shortly thereafter, following police interrogation, Easy is told that Coretta is dead, and that he is a suspect in her murder.
When Easy finally does find Monet, he figures out that she has stolen a large amount of money from a man named Todd Carter, who is a local wealthy businessman. Albright wanted this money for himself. Eventually, Albright finds Monet through Easy, who is trying to shield the thieving woman.
Easy enlists the help of a friend and fellow Houstonian, Mouse, who shows up due to a half-hearted invitation from Easy and domestic strife back home. Easy and Mouse find Monet with Albright and Joppy, who was revealed to have killed Coretta and Howard Green, someone who had been previously beaten to death. They rescue her and kill Joppy and Albright. Then Mouse reveals that Monet is actually Ruby, an African-American woman passing as White, and the sister of a local gangster named Green. Mouse and Easy blackmail Ruby, taking her money and dividing it into thirds for each of them. Daphne/Ruby leaves shortly thereafter, and Easy has to clean up the mess with the police as well as Carter, who had initially hired Albright to find her, since he really did love her and not his money.
Easy approaches Carter and requests his help with the police. He blackmails him by saying that he will leak the information about his love for a Black woman unless he is protected from the law. Carter helps him. At the conclusion, Mouse returns to Houston, Easy takes up detective work, and Ruby disappears.
Main characters
Ezekiel "Easy" Rawlins is an out-of-work African American man who has moved from Houston to Los Angeles. Easy is a war veteran and owns his own home. He is drawn into a mystery by Albright, who hires him to locate Monet, telling him that it is on behalf of a wealthy businessman named Todd Carter. Easy has no interest in life as a detective, but his tutelage under Albright encourages him to consider doing 'favors' for people as an ongoing career.
Raymond "Mouse" Alexander is Easy's best friend, described as dangerous and deadly. Easy calls Mouse to assist him when the case becomes dangerous, but Mouse's deadly nature forces Easy to question whether this is the right decision.
Daphne Monet is the young woman who has gone missing in the Watts neighborhood of LA; Easy is tasked with finding her, and as a result, gets caught up in the intrigue.
Dewitt Albright is the white private investigator who hires Easy to find Monet.
Frank Green is a criminal in the Watts neighborhood, who is known for his skills with a knife. He is connected to Monet, and a person of interest in Easy's investigation.
Jackson Blue is Easy's intelligent but cowardly friend, who assists him with information on his case.
Matthew Teran is a pedophile who recently dropped out of the mayor's race. He keeps a little Mexican boy as a sex slave, and is grotesque in appearance. He tries to use Daphne to get back at Carter, who forced him to withdraw his candidacy.
Odell Jones is Easy's quiet, cautious, religious middle-aged friend. He is wont to sit at John's or Vernie's, and sip one beer all night. He is also a voice of fear, advising Easy to run away from his problems.
Todd Carter is a well-connected white man who has a relationship with Monet. The president of Lion Investments, he is a humble-looking, weak-willed man with more money than any other character. He dated Monet until she stole $30,000 from him and vanished. He hires Albright, and later Easy, to bring Monet back to him. He also helps Easy to avoid jail time.
Analysis
The novel is an important contribution to African-American and ethnic detective fiction in that it focuses on a black protagonist who falls into the role of detective, but by the series' end, has made both the profession and the identity that often comes along with it his own. Particularly noteworthy are Easy's use of African-American English and the emergence of "the Voice" (an inner voice that advises Easy during particularly stressful or dangerous situations). Literary scholars of ethnic detective fiction have explored these qualities by means of genre study and gender identity approaches.
Reception
First published by W.W. Norton in 1990, Devil In a Blue Dress won the 1991 Shamus Award in the category of "Best First P. I. Novel".
Adaptations
Devil In a Blue Dress was adapted into a 1995 film of the same name, which starred Denzel Washington as Easy Rawlins, and also featured Jennifer Beals, Tom Sizemore, Maury Chaykin, as well as Don Cheadle as the unhinged "Mouse".
In 1996, a 10-part abridgement by Margaret Busby, read by Paul Winfield, was broadcast on BBC Radio 4, starting on April 1.
References
1990 American novels
Novels by Walter Mosley
Novels set in Los Angeles
American novels adapted into films
Shamus Award-winning works
African-American novels
1990 debut novels
American detective novels |
Sunmudo (/, literally the way of war of the Seon) is a Korean Buddhist martial art based on Seon (also spelled Sun or Zen), which was revived during the 1970s and 1980s. The formal name of Sunmudo is Bulgyo Geumgang Yeong Gwan (Hangul: 불교금강영관 Hanja: 佛敎金剛靈觀). The name Sunmudo was given to this martial art in 1984 by the Buddhist monk Jeog Un (적운 스님).
In earlier times Korean Buddhist monks were encouraged to practice Zen martial arts as a way of dynamic meditation. In the 16th century, Korean monks used swords, knives, spears and throwing stars to help repel a Japanese invasion. However, the temple of the Korean monks was burned by retreating troops in revenge. In the 1930s and 1940s, a rebuilt Beomeosa temple became center for the monks' underground resistance to Japanese occupation. However, the martial art of Sunmudo had been neglected since the 19th century. At Beomeosa temple located in Busan, Monk Yang-ik revived the art by systematizing the techniques. Monk Jeogun worked on its popularization during the 1970s. These days training is offered to non-Buddhists and laypersons at Golgulsa temple in Korea, and other places around the world as well.
See also
Korean Buddhism
Korean martial arts
References
Buddhism in Korea
Korean martial arts
Buddhist martial arts |
```sqlpl
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select 0 = multiSearchFirstPositionCaseInsensitive('\0', CAST([], 'Array(String)'));
select 0 = multiSearchFirstPositionCaseInsensitiveUTF8('\0', CAST([], 'Array(String)'));
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select [] = multiSearchAllPositions('\0', CAST([], 'Array(String)'));
select [] = multiSearchAllPositionsCaseInsensitive('\0', CAST([], 'Array(String)'));
select [] = multiSearchAllPositionsCaseInsensitiveUTF8('\0', CAST([], 'Array(String)'));
select [] = multiSearchAllPositionsUTF8('\0', CAST([], 'Array(String)'));
select [2] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['b']);
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select [2] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['bcdef']);
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select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['abcdefgh']);
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select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['abcde']);
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['abcd']);
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select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['ab']);
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['a']);
select [3] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['c']);
select [3] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cd']);
select [3] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cde']);
select [3] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cdef']);
select [3] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cdefg']);
select [3] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cdefgh']);
select [4] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['defgh']);
select [4] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['defg']);
select [4] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['def']);
select [4] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['de']);
select [4] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['d']);
select [5] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['e']);
select [5] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['ef']);
select [5] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['efg']);
select [5] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['efgh']);
select [6] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['fgh']);
select [6] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['fg']);
select [6] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['f']);
select [7] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['g']);
select [7] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['gh']);
select [8] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['h']);
select [2] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['b']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [2] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['bc']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [2] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['bcd']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [2] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['bcde']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [2] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['bcdef']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [2] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['bcdefg']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [2] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['bcdefgh']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['abcdefgh']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['abcdefg']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['abcdef']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['abcde']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['abcd']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['abc']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['ab']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['a']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [3] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['c']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [3] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cd']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [3] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cde']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [3] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cdef']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [3] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cdefg']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [3] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cdefgh']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [4] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['defgh']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [4] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['defg']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [4] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['def']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [4] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['de']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [4] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['d']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [5] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['e']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [5] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['ef']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [5] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['efg']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [5] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['efgh']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [6] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['fgh']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [6] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['fg']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [6] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['f']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [7] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['g']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [7] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['gh']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [8] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['h']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [2] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['b']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [2] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['bc']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [2] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['bcd']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [2] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['bcde']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [2] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['bcdef']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [2] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['bcdefg']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [2] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['bcdefgh']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['abcdefgh']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['abcdefg']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['abcdef']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['abcde']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['abcd']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['abc']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['ab']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['a']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [3] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['c']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [3] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cd']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [3] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cde']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [3] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cdef']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [3] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cdefg']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [3] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cdefgh']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [4] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['defgh']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [4] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['defg']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [4] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['def']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [4] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['de']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [4] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['d']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [5] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['e']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [5] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['ef']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [5] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['efg']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [5] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['efgh']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [6] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['fgh']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [6] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['fg']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [6] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['f']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [7] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['g']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [7] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['gh']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [8] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['h']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select [2] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['b']);
select [2] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['bc']);
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['bcde']);
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['bcdef']);
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['bcdefg']);
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['bcdefgh']);
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['abcdefg']);
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['abcdef']);
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['abcde']);
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['abcd']);
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['abc']);
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['ab']);
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['a']);
select [3] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcd'), ['c']);
select [3] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcd'), ['cd']);
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcd'), ['cde']);
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcd'), ['cdef']);
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcd'), ['cdefg']);
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcd'), ['cdefgh']);
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['defgh']);
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['defg']);
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['def']);
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['de']);
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['d']);
select [2] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['b']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [2] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['bc']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['bcde']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['bcdef']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['bcdefg']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['bcdefgh']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['abcdefg']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['abcdef']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['abcde']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['abcd']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['abc']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['ab']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['a']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [3] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcd'), ['c']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [3] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcd'), ['cd']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcd'), ['cde']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcd'), ['cdef']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcd'), ['cdefg']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abcd'), ['cdefgh']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['defgh']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['defg']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['def']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['de']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['d']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['']);
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['']) from system.numbers limit 100;
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), ['']) from system.numbers limit 1000;
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select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abababababababababababab'), ['abab']);
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abababababababababababab'), ['abababababababababa']);
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), materialize(['']));
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abc'), materialize([''])) from system.numbers limit 10;
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abab'), materialize(['ab']));
select [2] = multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('abab'), materialize(['ba']));
select [1] = multiSearchAllPositionsCaseInsensitive(materialize('aBaB'), materialize(['abab']));
select [3] = multiSearchAllPositionsUTF8(materialize('abab'), materialize(['']));
select [3] = multiSearchAllPositionsCaseInsensitiveUTF8(materialize('abAB'), materialize(['ab']));
-- checks the correct handling of broken utf-8 sequence
select [0] = multiSearchAllPositionsCaseInsensitiveUTF8(materialize(''), materialize(['a\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90']));
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['b']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['bc']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['bcd']);
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select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['abcd']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['abc']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['ab']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['a']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['c']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cd']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cde']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cdef']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cdefg']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cdefgh']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['defgh']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['defg']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['def']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['de']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['d']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['e']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['ef']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['efg']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['efgh']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['fgh']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['fg']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['f']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['g']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['gh']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['h']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['b']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['bc']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['bcd']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['bcde']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['bcdef']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['bcdefg']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['bcdefgh']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['abcdefgh']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['abcdefg']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['abcdef']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['abcde']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['abcd']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['abc']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['ab']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['a']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['c']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cd']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cde']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cdef']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cdefg']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cdefgh']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['defgh']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['defg']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['def']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['de']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['d']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['e']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['ef']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['efg']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['efgh']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['fgh']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['fg']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['f']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['g']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['gh']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['h']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['b']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['bc']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['bcd']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['bcde']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['bcdef']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['bcdefg']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['bcdefgh']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['abcdefgh']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['abcdefg']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['abcdef']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['abcde']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['abcd']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['abc']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['ab']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['a']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['c']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cd']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cde']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cdef']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cdefg']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['cdefgh']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['defgh']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['defg']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['def']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['de']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['d']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['e']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['ef']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['efg']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['efgh']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['fgh']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['fg']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['f']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['g']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['gh']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['h']) from system.numbers limit 129;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['b']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['bc']);
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['bcde']);
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['bcdef']);
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['bcdefg']);
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['bcdefgh']);
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['abcdefg']);
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['abcdef']);
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['abcde']);
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['abcd']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['abc']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['ab']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['a']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcd'), ['c']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcd'), ['cd']);
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcd'), ['cde']);
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcd'), ['cdef']);
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcd'), ['cdefg']);
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcd'), ['cdefgh']);
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['defgh']);
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['defg']);
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['def']);
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['de']);
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['d']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['b']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['bc']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['bcde']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['bcdef']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['bcdefg']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['bcdefgh']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['abcdefg']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['abcdef']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['abcde']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['abcd']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['abc']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['ab']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['a']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcd'), ['c']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcd'), ['cd']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcd'), ['cde']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcd'), ['cdef']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcd'), ['cdefg']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abcd'), ['cdefgh']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['defgh']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['defg']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['def']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['de']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 0 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['d']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['']) from system.numbers limit 100;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abc'), ['']) from system.numbers limit 1000;
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abab'), ['ab']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abababababababababababab'), ['abab']);
select 1 = multiSearchAny(materialize('abababababababababababab'), ['abababababababababa']);
select 0 = multiSearchFirstPosition(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['z', 'pq']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchFirstPosition(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchFirstPosition(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['defgh', 'bcd', 'abcd', 'c']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchFirstPosition(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['', 'bcd', 'bcd', 'c']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 2 = multiSearchFirstPosition(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['something', 'bcd', 'bcd', 'c']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 6 = multiSearchFirstPosition(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['something', 'bcdz', 'fgh', 'f']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 0 = multiSearchFirstPositionCaseInsensitive(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['z', 'pq']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchFirstPositionCaseInsensitive(materialize('aBcdefgh'), ['A', 'b', 'c', 'd']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchFirstPositionCaseInsensitive(materialize('abCDefgh'), ['defgh', 'bcd', 'aBCd', 'c']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchFirstPositionCaseInsensitive(materialize('abCdeFgH'), ['', 'bcd', 'bcd', 'c']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 2 = multiSearchFirstPositionCaseInsensitive(materialize('ABCDEFGH'), ['something', 'bcd', 'bcd', 'c']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 6 = multiSearchFirstPositionCaseInsensitive(materialize('abcdefgh'), ['sOmEthIng', 'bcdZ', 'fGh', 'F']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 0 = multiSearchFirstPositionUTF8(materialize(''), ['', '']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchFirstPositionUTF8(materialize(''), ['', '', '', '']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchFirstPositionUTF8(materialize(''), ['', '', '', '']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchFirstPositionUTF8(materialize(''), ['', '', '', '']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 2 = multiSearchFirstPositionUTF8(materialize(''), ['', '', '', '']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 6 = multiSearchFirstPositionUTF8(materialize(''), ['', '', '', '']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 0 = multiSearchFirstPositionCaseInsensitiveUTF8(materialize(''), ['', '']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchFirstPositionCaseInsensitiveUTF8(materialize(''), ['', '', '', '']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchFirstPositionCaseInsensitiveUTF8(materialize(''), ['', '', '', '']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 1 = multiSearchFirstPositionCaseInsensitiveUTF8(materialize(''), ['', '', '', '']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 2 = multiSearchFirstPositionCaseInsensitiveUTF8(materialize(''), ['', '', '', '']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select 6 = multiSearchFirstPositionCaseInsensitiveUTF8(materialize(''), ['', '', '', '']) from system.numbers limit 10;
select
[
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1
] =
multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('string'),
['o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'str']);
select 254 = multiSearchFirstIndex(materialize('string'),
['o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'str']);
select
[
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1
] =
multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('string'),
['o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'str']);
select 255 = multiSearchFirstIndex(materialize('string'),
['o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'str']);
select multiSearchAllPositions(materialize('string'),
['o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o',
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``` |
Herbert Kirchhoff (1911–1988) was a German art director.
Selected filmography
Nora's Ark (1948)
My Wife's Friends (1949)
The Last Night (1949)
Second Hand Destiny (1949)
Third from the Right (1950)
Harbour Melody (1950)
The Man in Search of Himself (1950)
Maya of the Seven Veils (1951)
Poison in the Zoo (1952)
Dancing Stars (1952)
Under the Thousand Lanterns (1952)
The Singing Hotel (1953)
Not Afraid of Big Animals (1953)
The Flower of Hawaii (1953)
Dancing in the Sun (1954)
Money from the Air (1954)
Columbus Discovers Kraehwinkel (1954)
How Do I Become a Film Star? (1955)
Operation Sleeping Bag (1955)
Secrets of the City (1955)
Ball at the Savoy (1955)
The False Adam (1955)
Music in the Blood (1955)
A Heart Returns Home (1956)
Between Time and Eternity (1956)
Heart Without Mercy (1958)
The Woman by the Dark Window (1960)
Pension Schöller (1960)
Beloved Impostor (1961)
References
Bibliography
Bergfelder, Tim. International Adventures: German Popular Cinema and European Co-Productions in the 1960s. Berghahn Books, 2005.
External links
1911 births
1988 deaths
German art directors
Mass media people from Braunschweig |
Vladimir Hütt (18 April 1936 in Leningrad – 4 June 1997) was an Estonian philosopher. He was born in Leningrad, Russia RFSR and move to Estonia after the annexation of Estonia by the USSR. Hütt, a physicist by education, mostly dealt with philosophy of physics, scientific world-view and the theory of cognition. His works followed the Marxist line of thought that was official in the USSR. Most of Hütt's works were published in Russian. In 1979 Hütt published a monographic overview entitled "Philosophical Problems of Physics in Soviet Estonia in 30 Years 1948–1978", where he expounded his philosophical ideas about the complementarity and objectivity in physical knowledge. In 1980s, he worked at the Obninsk State Technical University for Nuclear Power Engineering as the head of the chair of social sciences and philosophy. During the Perestroika era, he remained a committed communist, supporting the pro-Soviet Intermovement after its founding in the late 1980s.
Publications
Filosofskie voprosy fiziki v sovetskoj Estonii za 30 let (1948-1978), Published by AN ESSR, 1979 ('Philosophical questions of physics in the Soviet Estonia during 30 years (1948–1978)')
Abiks õpetajale-propagandistile (Teacher's propaganda guide), Eesti NSV Õpetajate Täiendusinstituut, Published by Eesti NSV Haridusministeerium, 1984
Рецепция философии М. Хайдеггера в Эстонии : проблемно-аналитический обзор. Москва : ИНИОН, 1991 (On the reception of Heidegger's philosophy in Estonia)
References
1936 births
1997 deaths
Estonian philosophers
Materialists
Philosophers of science
Soviet philosophers
Estonian communists
Soviet physicists
20th-century Estonian physicists
Scientists from Saint Petersburg
Academic staff of Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering |
This is list of elections in Canada in 2002. Included are provincial, municipal and federal elections, by-elections on any level, referendums and party leadership races at any level.
March
23: Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election
April
15: Quebec provincial by-elections
May
15: British Columbia aboriginal treaty referendum
June
17: Quebec provincial by-elections
October
23: Manitoba municipal election
23: Winnipeg municipal election
November
3: Bromont municipal election
3: Cowansville municipal election
3: Quebec municipal elections
4: Yukon general election
December
1: Magog municipal election
See also
Municipal elections in Canada
Elections in Canada |
The Museo de la Trinidad, or Museo Nacional de la Trinidad, was a Spanish national museum of painting and sculpture in Madrid from 1837 to 1872. Its collection was removed and merged with the Museo del Prado in 1872. It was called the 'Museum of the Holy Trinity' after the name of its location (a convent no longer extant). It was created as a result of the confiscation of church property in Spain called the Mendizábal confiscations.
Though it was first opened to the public on July 24, 1838 to celebrate Queen regent Maria Christina's name-day, it was soon closed and reopened on May 2, 1842 by the twelve-year-old Queen Isabella II of Spain who had an inventory drawn up in 1854 and expanded the collection with acquisitions and contemporary works from her National Exhibitions of Fine Arts that she began in 1856, making it the first national Spanish public art museum with state-owned works. Due to lack of exhibition space in the cramped former convent, most of the items were not on display, and few efforts were made to document the provenance of the various pieces, leading to retroactive provenance work that continues to this day. In 1862, the art critic and historian Gregorio Cruzada Villaamil became deputy director of the museum, and he was the first to properly review and catalog the inventories of the collection. Until then, there was only the queen's list drawn up in 1854. Though his catalog was published in 1865, it only described the part of the collection he considered to be the most significant. Of the 1733 paintings that appear in the 1854 inventory, he cataloged only 603, noting that works previously in the collection of Infante Sebastian Gabriel seized in 1835 had been returned to him in 1861.
Shortly after the revolution in September 1868, there was an initiative to merge two museums, the 'Trinidad' and the Prado, both already national. By decrees of the regency government of November 25, 1870 and March 22, 1872, the Museo de la Trinidad was closed down and its collections were transferred to the Prado (the former 'Royal Museum'). In fact, only 83 of 'Trinidad' works were on display in the Prado after 1873, almost all from the inventory of new acquisitions that began in 1856. Most of the other works were distributed to various locations or deposited in the Villanueva building. Among the most valuable pieces from the Museo de la Trinidad were those by El Greco, Pedro Berruguete, Juan Bautista Maíno, and Flemish paintings. Over 600 religious works, considered at the time to have little value, have since been lost.
References
El Museo de la Trinidad en el Prado, 2004 exhibition on the history of the Trinidad collection of the Prado, 2004
1872 disestablishments
Museums in Madrid
Collections of the Museo del Prado |
Sea Cliff is a village located within the Town of Oyster Bay in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. As of the 2010 United States census, the village population was 4,995. It is considered part of the greater Glen Cove area, which is anchored by the City of Glen Cove.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , of which is land and (44.67%) is water.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the 2010 census the population was 92.8% White, 88% Non-Hispanic white, 2.4% African American, 0.1% Native American, 1.9% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.95% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.8% of the population.
2000 census
At the 2000 census there were 5,066 people, 2,013 households, and 1,356 families in the village. The population density was . There were 2,082 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the village was 94.83% White, 1.68% African American, 0.10% Native American, 1.22% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.95% from other races, and 1.20% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.76%.
Of the 2,013 households 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.1% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.6% were non-families. 26.6% of households were one person and 9.4% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.06.
The age distribution was 24.1% under the age of 18, 4.6% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 27.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% 65 or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.0 males.
The median household income was $78,501 and the median family income was $100,576. Males had a median income of $65,469 versus $41,146 for females. The per capita income for the village was $41,707. About 2.1% of families and 2.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.7% of those under age 18 and 10.6% of those age 65 or over.
Government
As of April 5, 2021, the Mayor of Sea Cliff was Elena Villafane.
Education
The village is part of the North Shore School District.
Landmarks
Several buildings in Sea Cliff, mostly Victorian houses, are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Many of them were built as summer homes as part of Sea Cliff's late nineteenth century role as a resort town, and they have been collectively called "one of the best collections of late Victorian era architecture in Nassau County."
Properties in Sea Cliff listed on the National Register of Historic Places include:
Central Hall
Christ Building
Crowell House
House at 9 Locust Place
House at 18 Seventeenth Avenue
House at 19 Locust Place
House at 58 Eighteenth Avenue
House at 65 Twentieth Avenue
House at 103 Roslyn Avenue
House at 112 Sea Cliff Avenue
House at 115 Central Avenue
House at 137 Prospect Avenue
House at 173 Sixteenth Avenue
House at 176 Prospect Avenue
House at 195 Prospect Avenue
House at 199 Prospect Avenue
House at 207 Carpenter Avenue
House at 240 Sea Cliff Avenue
House at 285 Sea Cliff Avenue
House at 332 Franklin Avenue
House at 362 Sea Cliff Avenue
House at 378 Glen Avenue
Sea Cliff Firehouse
Sea Cliff Village Hall, Library, and Museum Complex
St. Luke's Protestant Episcopal Church
Stephen Harding House
Notable people
LaMarcus Adna Thompson – Inventor and businessman
Alfred Lansing – Author of ''Endurance: Shackleton's Incredible Voyage
Robert Olen Butler – Writer
Dan Fagin – Writer
Natalie Portman – Actress
Kate McKinnon – Comedian
John Rzeznik – Frontman of the rock band Goo Goo Dolls
Michael McKean – actor, comedian, screenwriter, and musician
Arnold Levin – Cartoonist
Robert Ehrlich – Businessman
Rose Elizabeth Bird – First female Chief Justice of California
Nini Camps – Lead singer of rock band Antigone Rising
Mac Ayres – Singer, songwriter
Kristen Henderson – Drummer of rock band Antigone Rising
Linda Yaccarino - X Corp. and Twitter CEO
References
External links
Official website
Oyster Bay (town), New York
Villages in Nassau County, New York
Villages in New York (state)
Populated coastal places in New York (state) |
Maoriata is a genus of Polynesian araneomorph spiders in the family Orsolobidae, and was first described by Raymond Robert Forster & Norman I. Platnick in 1985. it contains only three species, found only in New Zealand.
Species
Maoriata magna
Maoriata montana
Maoriata vulgaris
See also
List of Orsolobidae species
References
Araneomorphae genera
Orsolobidae
Spiders of New Zealand
Taxa named by Raymond Robert Forster
Endemic spiders of New Zealand |
Fula people of Sierra Leone (Pular: 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤅𞤢𞤪𞤤𞤮𞤲) is the fourth major ethnic group in Sierra Leone after the Temne, Mende and Limba ethnic groups and a branch of the Fula people of West Africa. The Fula make up about 3.4% of Sierra Leone's population. The Sierra Leone Fula people settled in the Western Area region of Sierra Leone more than four hundred years ago as settlers from the Fouta Djallon Kingdom that expanded to northern Sierra Leone (Kabala, Bombali).
The Sierra Leonean Fula are traditionally a nomadic, pastoralist, trading people, herding cattle, goats and sheep across the vast dry hinterlands of their domain, keeping somewhat separate from the local agricultural populations. Many of the large shopping centers in Sierra Leone are owned and run by the Fula community.
Today, over 99% of Sierra Leonean Fula are Muslims of the Sunni tradition of Islam. The overwhelming majority of Fula are adherent to the Maliki School within Sunni Islam. A significant number of the Sierra Leonean Fula population are found in all regions of Sierra Leone as traders.
The Fulas have been migrating and settling within Sierra Leone since the 17th Century. Many Fulas today in Sierra Leone are descendants of those who fled the autocratic rule of president Ahmed Sekou Toure and found refuge in the 1960s and 1970s. Others are new arrivals of the last decades due to the open borders that the Mano River Union and globalisation have created in the West African region.
Family
The Sierra Leonean Fula villages are scattered, but each has a central court and a mosque. Together, these compose a miside (community). Each miside has a sub-chief who handles village affairs and who answers to a Sultan (chief). The homes of the settled Fula are round with clay walls and thatched roofs that projects over encircling porches. However, nomadic Fula live in simpler structures, since they are so often moving with the herds. These houses have neither walls nor verandahs, and are encircled by cattle corrals.
Daughters remain with their mothers until they marry. However, as soon as a son reaches puberty, he leaves the family compound and lives alone in a nearby compound, usually taking over a part of his father’s trade. This new compound will be the home of the son and his future wife.
Religious and traditional beliefs
The majority of Sierra Leonean Fulanis are Muslims. Few Christians can be found among them. Some of them practice herbal healings.
The "herd owner's feast" is one such ceremony. During this feast, a bull that has served ten seasons is presented, killed, and eaten.
The history of these peoples are of Arabs who settle in the region.
The Fula people also utilize practices of the Bondo secret society which aims at gradually but firmly establishing attitudes related to adulthood in girls, discussions on fertility, morality and proper sexual comportment. The society also maintains an interest in the well-being of its members throughout their lives.
Farming
The Sierra Leonean Fula are primarily skilled traders in diamonds, gems, gold, lending but formerly cattle, with their lives depending upon and revolving around trade cattle herds prior to the 19th century. The status of a family can be determined by the size and health of its trade. The more a man knows about trade, the greater respect he is given by the community.
Trade is usually a male activity; however, the women tend to act as accountants for the family. They also tend to the small livestock and poultry, cultivate gardens, and carry containers of milk and cheese to the local markets for sale or trade. As the Fula people are Muslim, a woman has all the rights and concerns provided her under Islam. In a Fula family, a mother is 7 times the father, as it pertains to respect and a mother’s rights under Islam.
Notable Sierra Leonean Fula people
Abubakarr Jalloh, former Sierra Leone Minister of Mineral Resources
Abu Bakarr Bah, Ph.D.: Professor of Sociology, Northern Illinois University, IL, USA and Editor-in-Chief, African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review
Alhaji M.B. Jalloh, former Sierra Leone ambassador to Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf States
Alpha Rashid Jalloh notable journalist and now magistrate
Alimamy Jalloh, Sierra Leonean football star
Alimamy Rassin, Sierra Leonean Fula chief during colonial period
Alhaji Amadu Jalloh, Sierra Leonean opposition politician and leader of the National Democratic Alliance political
Amadu Wurie, early Sierra Leonean educationist and politician
Abass Bundu, Speaker of the Sierra Leone Parliament
Chernor Maju Bah, current Majority leader of the opposition
Amadu Wurie, First Minister of Education of Sierra Leone
Alpha Wurie, Sierra Leone former minister of Health
Alhaji Mohamed Bailor Barrie, Prominent Sierra Leonean businessman, tribal leader, activist, and philanthropist in the 1970s and 1980s
Ibrahim Bah (nickname Inspector Bah), Retired Sierra Leonean footballer
Ibrahim Bundu, former majority leader of the Sierra Leone Parliament
Khalifa Jabbie
Mamadu Alphajor Bah, Sierra Leonean football star
Mohamed Juldeh Jalloh, current vice president of Sierra Leone
Momodu Allieu Pat-Sowe, former Transportation minister of Sierra Leone
Rashid Wurie, former Sierra Leonean international football star
Sajoh Bah, African languages advocate, author and poet,
Mohamed Kanu
Yayah Jalloh
References
See also
Koinadugu District
Ethnic groups in Sierra Leone
Muslim communities in Sierra Leone
Female genital mutilation
Female genital mutilation by country |
Richard Buckley Litchfield (6 January 1832 in Yarpole – 11 January 1903 in Cannes) was a British scholar and philanthropist..
Life
R. B. Litchfield was the only son of Captain Richard Litchfield of Cheltenham, England. He was educated at Cheltenham College and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he became a friend of James Clerk Maxwell, and where he then taught mathematics. He was admitted to the Inner Temple in 1854, and was called to the Bar in 1863.
He was a founder of the Working Men's College, London, where he worked devotedly from 1854 to 1901, being the College's Bursar, and becoming its Vice Principal between 1872 and 1875. In the mid-1850s he was editor of the College magazine.
Litchfield was a fellow Working Men's College colleague of John Ruskin. He married a daughter of Charles Darwin, Henrietta Emma ('Etty') Darwin, in 1871, but there were no children from the marriage. He wrote a substantial biography of the inventor of photography, Thomas Wedgwood, which was published in the year of his death.
In his niece-by-marriage Gwen Raverat's Period Piece, she described him thus: "He was a nice funny little man, whose socks were always coming down; he had an egg-shaped waistcoat, and a fuzzy, waggly, whitey-brown beard, which was quite indistinguishable, both in colour and texture, from the Shetland shawl which Aunt Etty generally made him wear round his neck."
He lived at 31 Kensington Square, London; he died on 11 January 1903, and is buried in the English part of the Cemetery « LE GRAND JAS » in Cannes, France. The exact location of the grave is "Cimetière du Grand Jas, 18ème allée (ex-Protestant) n°44"; the inscription on his gravestone reads: "He prayeth best who loveth best, all things both great and small" (taken from Samuel Taylor Coleridge's The Ancient Mariner poem ) - and - "A founder of the Working Men's College, London where he devotedly worked for nearly fifty years."
Works
The Beginnings of the Working Men's College. London, England, 1902
Tom Wedgwood, the First Photographer: An Account of His Life. London, Duckworth and Co, 1903.
References
Litchfield, Henrietta Emma (1910). Richard Buckley Litchfield: A memoir written for his friends. University Press, Cambridge. (276 pages).
External links
1832 births
1903 deaths
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
English academics
English Christian socialists
People from Herefordshire |
Ismail Ahmed Rajab Al Hadidi is an Iraqi-Kurdish politician who served as the deputy for the mayor-governor of Kirkuk. Al Hadidi was born in 1955, and was elected as deputy for the mayor of Kirkuk, Abdul Rahman Mustafa in 2003 by the multiethnic city council of Kirkuk, after a Coalition Provisional Authority's organized election for a local city council in Kirkuk in May 2003, in post-Saddam Iraq. Al Hadidi was wounded in the leg in an assassination attempt in November 2003.
References
1955 births
Living people
People from Kirkuk
Iraqi Kurdistani politicians |
The Polish People's Party (Polish Peasant Party, Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe – PSL) existed in post-World War II Poland from 1945 to 1949. In a period of increasing solidification of communist power in Poland but with the political system retaining some formal adherence to multiparty democracy principles, the PSL was a broadly left-wing non-communist party that was not allied with the communists. The PSL was defeated by the communist-based bloc in the rigged legislative elections of 1947.
Polish People's Party in post-World War II politics
A provisional government, declared as the Polish Committee of National Liberation was established by Polish communists and allied politicians in July 1944 in Lublin, when Poland was being liberated from the Nazi German occupation by the Soviet and Polish armies. The communists were pressured by the United States and Britain, as discussed by their leaders with Joseph Stalin at the Yalta Conference, to admit into the Polish government participants of the democratic opposition, including members of the London-based Polish government-in-exile.
Former prime minister of that government, Stanisław Mikołajczyk, returned to Poland in June 1945 and became deputy prime minister and minister of agriculture in the so-called Provisional Government of National Unity, dominated by the communists and their allied faction of the Polish Socialist Party. Mikołajczyk revived the prewar agrarian People's Party, led by Wincenty Witos, as his power base. Under Mikołajczyk, the party became the Polish People's Party.
The party's goal was to prevent the communists from monopolizing power in Poland, establish a parliamentary system with market economy and to win free elections, which were promised by the Yalta agreements. The hopes of the PSL were based on the party's ability to function legally, run its own network of offices, hold public meetings and publish in its own press. However, such accomplishments were threatened by the often intense harassment and repression, including newspaper censorship, forcible breaking up of party's meetings, and members' arrests, assaults and police intimidation. The armed right-wing underground declared war on all who "collaborated" with the communists, including Mikołajczyk and his party. Tens of PSL-connected people were killed. The communist attacks and provocations were sometimes presented as actions of the underground; the opposite charge, of PSL cooperation with the armed subversion was also made and led in some instances to banning of PSL activities.
In actuality, the PSL press condemned the nationalistic and other armed underground, calling them reactionaries, fascists or bandits and considering the murders and other violent actions committed by them to be criminal acts. The violence and the trials of the underground members were often covered in detail by the PSL newspapers. Mikołajczyk, who issued his own condemnations, feared that a civil war could lead to the Polish state being liquidated.
In February 1946, the PSL congress passed the party's general program. It confirmed a neighborly alliance with the Soviet Union and the ongoing reconstruction of the socioeconomic system. The document stated "Neither land will return to the great land owners, nor industry to the industrialists or banks to the bankers". Mikołajczyk approved the fundamental aspects of the communist-led reform and hoped for the system's democratic evolution, but kept his distance from the communist politics of power.
The government in exile, no longer internationally recognized, but holding onto its claim of exclusive legitimacy, renounced Mikołajczyk, its former chief, and declared him a traitor.
However, the most important and numerous anti-communist underground organization Freedom and Independence (WiN), which originated from the wartime Home Army, practically supported the PSL and its election effort. Freedom and Independence helped with distribution of printed election materials where obstructed by communist officials and appealed for voting for the PSL.
The parliamentary elections took place in January 1947 and were falsified in a number of ways, to defeat the People's Party and ensure the victory of the communists Polish Workers' Party and its allied partners in the so-called Democratic Bloc, which included a rival breakaway peasant party. The PSL for the time being remained legal, but was subjected to still increased suppression. Communist accusations of the PSL's cooperation with the armed underground intensified and culminated in the show "Kraków trial" of the late summer 1947. Two PSL leaders were tried together with several activists of the WiN underground formation, but unlike the WiN people, they were spared the death sentences.
In early October 1947, the PSL's executive committee declared that state authorities were preventing PSL's further functioning as a party. Mikołajczyk himself fled to the West on 20 October with American help, to avoid imprisonment and possible execution. The PSL lingered on for another year and a half before its remains were cajoled into merging with the communist-controlled peasant party to form the United People's Party (only a few of Mikołajczyk's people remained within the new structure), a formal participant of the communist-led ruling coalition.
Historical context, People's Party's role
For the Polish peasant or agrarian movement, the developments following World War II were a continuation of their struggle from the period preceding the war. The movement's leaders, including Mikołajczyk, were deeply opposed to the Polish prewar Sanation regime and saw the communist restrictions on freedom as no different from the Sanation persecution of the peasant movement. In contrast to the period's glorification in post-1989 Poland, after the war the peasant activists' recollections and sentiments were strongly unfavorable. They themselves announced a "People's Poland" program already before the war. Such factors made the post-war peasant leaders, more than the representatives of other segments of Polish society, inclined to consider compromise political solutions.
On the other hand, by the communists organized around the Polish Workers' Party, the Polish People's Party was seen as the greatest threat to the power they held from 1944. The state security apparatus (NKVD terror was also very active and Red Army garrisons were common in the country) concentrated its attacks and other hostile activities on the PSL and in particular on Mikołajczyk, considered the chief enemy from 1945 until the time of the 1947 elections and afterwards. In 1945 the communists pressured Mikołajczyk to join their election bloc, which he refused as an attempt to preempt the elections.
In post-1989 Poland, the efforts of the post-war armed underground have been apotheosized by the Institute of National Remembrance and other circles. But Polish society back in the 1940s supported mostly the difficult decision and political fight of Stanisław Mikołajczyk. He was received by cheering crowds when in 1945 he flew in from Moscow, where he had participated in the provisional government negotiations. Poland's population was 75% rural and the PSL knew it was capable of electoral victory. Their tactics were resented and considered treasonous by some émigré circles and some had doubts in Poland as well. Mikołajczyk's political compromises went as far as voting together with the communists, as a government member in 1946, for taking away the Polish citizenship from the upper rank military officers who failed to return to Poland from the West after the war.
Approving the whole political deal between the Polish communists and Mikołajczyk's PSL (participation in the coalition, but still communist-dominated provisional government), Joseph Stalin had in mind a mission for Mikołajczyk: his designated role was to give legitimacy to the communist rule. After Mikołaczyk's rejection of the scheme had become clear, Stalin instructed Poland's president Bolesław Bierut to "allow" the PSL only 7% of the vote in the upcoming national parliamentary election.
From the beginning, Mikołajczyk opposed military fight against the communists; he felt that the Yalta and Potsdam agreements gave free elections a fighting chance in Poland and his political instincts required him to follow that route to its conclusion. He would either win or discredit the communists, depriving them in the eyes of the Polish and world opinion of the legitimacy they sought.
Some in the PSL wanted confrontation with the communists and quietly supported the armed underground, for example Stefan Korboński. Others in the leadership, notably the prewar activists Czesław Wycech and Józef Niećko, felt that in order for the movement to survive, the situation required a more pragmatic approach. After Mikołajczyk's rejection of participation in the pro-communist bloc, they decided to ally their faction with the communist party. In that form the party (United People's Party) and the rural movement survived the decades of communist rule in Poland. Some activists purged from the PSL in the 1940s were able to return and play a constructive role following the Polish thaw of 1956. After 1989, in democratic Poland, the party reformed itself and was able to successfully enter competitive elections, as the Polish People's Party again.
Despite Mikołajczyk's political moderation and being the leader of the main compromise faction of his movement, for the communist party chief Władysław Gomułka, whose hatred he attracted, the peasant leader was a personification of a return to Poland's prewar reality. Harassed by Gomułka, Mikołajczyk had to leave Poland, but even then he remained continuously observed by the communist intelligence.
In the eyes of the US Ambassador Arthur Bliss Lane and Western leaders in general, the Polish events, characterized by Mikołajczyk after his flight from Poland as rape, meant the denial of illusions of Soviet political trustworthiness. By forcing the communists to subject themselves to this test, Mikołajczyk, a tragic hero, fulfilled his secondary mission. His primary one was to win democratic elections in Poland.
Election results
Sejm
See also
People's Party (Poland)
Polish People's Party "Piast"
Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie"
Stronnictwo Chłopskie
United People's Party (Poland)
Polish People's Party
Notes
a.Soldiers of the post-war anti-communist underground functioned within several different organizations, often hostile toward one another. Even taken in their totality, they amounted to a relatively small undertaking of about 20,000 men. They are now, including the most extreme right wing faction, officially celebrated by the Polish legislature and government.
b.Władysław Gomułka would soon himself be persecuted by Bolesław Bierut, a communist rival.
References
1945 establishments in Poland
1949 disestablishments in Poland
Aftermath of World War II in Poland
Agrarian parties in Poland
Anti-communism in Poland
Anti-communist parties
Catholic political parties
Christian democratic parties in Europe
Defunct political parties in Poland
Polish People's Party
Political parties disestablished in 1949
Political parties established in 1945
Stalinism in Poland |
Ude-Hishigi-Kata-Osae-Tai-Gatame is described in
The Canon Of Judo and is demonstrated by Kyuzo Mifune
in the video,
The Essence of Judo.
See also
Judo technique
Judo technique |
Mike Tyson vs. Donovan Ruddock II, billed as The Rematch, was a professional boxing match contested on June 28, 1991. It was the second time the two fighters fought that year, as their first bout in March was mired in controversy.
The fight took place at the same venue the first one had, The Mirage in Paradise, Nevada, USA. As before, it was scheduled for twelve rounds and was a championship elimination fight with the winner becoming the mandatory top challenger for the undisputed world championship that was then held by Evander Holyfield.
Tyson would emerge victorious once again, this time defeating Ruddock by unanimous decision and solidifying his position as the number one contender.
Background
In the first fight between the two, controversy erupted in the seventh round. After Tyson hit Ruddock with a six-punch combination, referee Richard Steele stepped in and stopped the fight despite the fact the Ruddock had not been knocked down and appeared to be healthy enough to continue. This was the second time a Steele stoppage had caused controversy in twelve months. In the previous year, Steele served as referee for a world super lightweight title fight between Julio César Chávez and Meldrick Taylor. With the fight entering its final round, Taylor was winning on two judges’ scorecards but had taken a significant amount of physical punishment. Chavez eventually dropped Taylor in the final twenty seconds of the twelfth round, and even though Taylor made it to his feet, Steele called a halt to the contest two seconds shy of its completion after Taylor did not respond to him and Chavez won by technical knockout.
After the fight was stopped, Ruddock's brother Delroy and his promoter Murad Muhammad got into a physical confrontation with Tyson's trainer Richie Giachetti while Steele had to be escorted to the back by Mirage security for his safety. Nine days after the fight, Tyson's promoter Don King and Muhammad struck a deal for a rematch to settle any controversy over the outcome of the initial bout.
However, a decision by the Nevada Athletic Commission nearly resulted in the fight getting scuttled. After an investigation into the postfight brawl, Muhammad was handed a twelve-month suspension for his actions. Ruddock decided not to participate if Muhammad was not able to and thus he announced he would not take the fight. Nevertheless, Muhammad announced that the fight was back on 10 days later.
Prior to the fight, the two men publicly expressed their dislike for one another. At a press conference before the fight, Tyson would infamously state that he would make Ruddock his "girlfriend".
Undercard
Riddick Bowe (23–0, 20 KOs; IBF's #5, WBC and WBA's #7) knocked out Rodolfo Marin (17–1, 14 KOs) with an overhand right hook in the 2nd round of the 10-rounds scheduled heavyweight bout, breaking Marin's jaw in the process. Referee Carlos Padilla counted Marin out at 1:45 of the 2nd rd.
Azumah Nelson (33–2, 25 KOs; the defending WBC champion) held Jeff Fenech (25–0, 19 KOs; WBC's #1) to a split draw in 12-rounds championship bout, retaining his WBC Super Featherweight title for the sixth time. Unpopular judges' decision was booed by the audience, as Fenech largely dominated the action. WBC awarded the title to Fenech retrospectively on 7 Nov 2022 after WBC's recount, granting him fourth world title.
The fight
In a hard fought match that went the distance, Tyson ultimately picked up the victory via unanimous decision with all three judges ruling in his favor with one score of 113–109 and two scores of 114–108. Tyson got off to a strong start in round 1. With 16 seconds left in the round, Tyson staggered Ruddock with a right hook to the side of his head, causing Ruddock to hold on to Tyson to prevent taking any more damage. After the bell rang, Tyson threw two punches at Ruddock, who in turn responded with a powerful right hand that just missed connecting with Tyson. Referee Mills Lane warned the two fighters between rounds that he would deduct points should punches be thrown after the bell. Tyson continued to attack Ruddock in round 2, hitting him with another strong right hand in the round's opening seconds. Later in the round, Tyson hit Ruddock with a 3-punch combination as Ruddock was against the ropes, though one of the punches was below the belt, causing Lane to separate the two and issue a warning to Tyson. After Lane's warning, Tyson hit Ruddock with a strong right overhand that knocked Ruddock to the canvas. Ruddock almost immediately got back up but was met with a furious onslaught from Tyson, who continued to hammer Ruddock with punches until fatigue set in with about 30 seconds left in the round. Ruddock bounced back with a strong round 3, but in round 4, Tyson countered a Ruddock uppercut and landed a right hook that again sent Ruddock to canvas, though Ruddock was again able to quickly get back to his feet. Tyson also had the first of three points deducted in round 4 after once again landing a low blow on Ruddock. Tyson also lost points in both the 9th and 10th rounds for hitting Ruddock with another low blow and hitting him after the bell, while Ruddock lost a point in the 8th for hitting Tyson after the bell. In round 11, the two fighters exchanged low blows, but Lane opted not to deduct points, instead warning the two to "knock that shit off". In round 12, Tyson fought Ruddock aggressively in an attempt to gain the knockout victory, but Ruddock was able to withstand Tyson's attack and survive the fight without any further knockdowns. By the end of the fight, Ruddock's left eye had been swollen shut and his jaw had been broken, while Tyson suffered a perforated eardrum.
Aftermath
After months of tough negotiations between Tyson's and Evander Holyfield's respective camps, which included both men's promoters attempting to get a fight with George Foreman instead, a deal was reached that would see Holyfield and Tyson face each other for the Undisputed Heavyweight Championship on November 8, 1991 at Caesars Palace. However, Tyson suffered an injury during training camp and the fight was postponed.
Shortly after the agreement was struck for the Holyfield fight, Tyson was in Indianapolis for the Miss Black America pageant. There he met Desiree Washington, Miss Black Rhode Island; Washington would later accuse Tyson of raping her and he was arrested on that charge several weeks later. The case was tried beginning in January 1992 and Tyson was convicted on four counts of rape; he was sentenced to a maximum of ten years, four of which were suspended, in state prison and thus his boxing career was placed on an indefinite hiatus.
Meanwhile, Ruddock would bounce back from his two losses to Tyson with knockout victories over Greg Page and Phil Jackson. This would set up a match with Lennox Lewis for the right to face the winner of the Evander Holyfield–Riddick Bowe fight for the Undisputed Heavyweight Championship. Ruddock would end up being knocked out by Lewis in the 2nd round, costing him a chance at the title and effectively ending his status as one of boxing's premier heavyweights.
References
1991 in boxing
Boxing in Las Vegas
1991 in sports in Nevada
Boxing on Showtime
Ruddock
June 1991 sports events in the United States |
Begunje pri Cerknici (; ) is a settlement north of Cerknica in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.
Name
Begunje pri Cerknici was attested in written sources in 1260 as Vegvn (and in 1320 as Vegaun, in 1321 as Vegowen, in 1399 as Vygawn, and in 1498 as Vigawn). In the past the German name of the settlement was Wigaun. The name of the settlement is derived from the personal name *Běgunъ, probably as a clipped version of *Běgun'e (selo) 'Běgunъ's village' (i.e., a neuter singular form) that later shifted to a feminine plural form. In the local dialect the settlement is known as .
History
The settlement was recorded as a property of the Carthusian monastery in Bistra in 1262. Water mains were installed in the village in 1892. A schoolhouse was built in 1906. A fire station was built in 1924, and a community center in 1929. During the Second World War, the schoolhouse was burned down twice, and rebuilt each time. A wood-processing factory was established in 1945, which developed from a communally owned sawmill built just before the war. A distillation plant for essential oils was established in 1955.
Church
The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Bartholomew and belongs to the Ljubljana Archdiocese. It was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1320, but the current building was erected in the early 20th century with only the belfry, dating to 1823, remaining from the earlier structure. There is also a chapel dedicated to Saint Oswald in the settlement, the remains of the sanctuary of a larger Gothic church that stood on the site. Frescos from the mid-16th century are visible on its exterior. During the Middle Ages, the church was fortified to protect against the danger of Ottoman attacks; the last corner tower of the fortification was razed in 1882. The church as it stands today was erected by the master mason Janez Ronko, Jr., in 1906.
In October 2013, the remains of 40 victims were disinterred from the 1943 Mačkovec Mass Grave in Bukovec and reburied in the church cemetery.
Notable people
Notable people that were born or lived in Begunje pri Cerknici include:
Josip Debevec (1867–1938), writer, historian, and translator
Snegulka Detoni (1921–2016), physicist
Jakob Hren (1830–1924), politician
Marija Remec (1869–1956), home economics specialist
Lovro Vidrič (1837–1900), lawyer
References
External links
Begunje pri Cerknici on Geopedia
Begunje pri Cerknici Local Community site
Populated places in the Municipality of Cerknica |
Savigny-sur-Braye (, literally Savigny on Braye) is a commune in the Loir-et-Cher department of central France.
Population
Personalities
Jeanne Rij-Rousseau, (born 10 June 1870 in Candé – died 22 October 1956 in Savigny-sur-Braye) was a French Cubist painter and an art theoretician
See also
Braye (river)
Communes of the Loir-et-Cher department
References
Communes of Loir-et-Cher
Orléanais |
The 1999 San Francisco mayoral election was held on November 2, 1999, with a runoff election held on December 14, 1999. Incumbent mayor Willie Brown won reelection against supervisor and current Assemblyman Tom Ammiano and nine other candidates for a second term as Mayor of San Francisco.
There is a documentary about the election titled See How They Run.
Results
References
External links
San Francisco Department of Elections
1999
1999 California elections
1999 United States mayoral elections
1999 in San Francisco |
The Pipeline Coastal Park is an area of coastal vegetation in Amanzimtoti, Durban, South Africa. It is an elongated strip of land bordering the Indian Ocean. Plants found here include the Mimusops caffra, Strelitzia nicolai and Brachylaena discolor.
Gallery
External links
Pipeline Coastal Park, safarinow.com
Protected areas of KwaZulu-Natal
Nature reserves in South Africa |
Trias may refer to:
Triassic, a geologic period
Germanic Trias, a sequence of rock strata
Bulbophyllum sect. Trias, a section in the genus of orchids Bulbophyllum
Trias (game), a dinosaur-themed board game
People
Robert Trias (1923–1989), American karate pioneer
Xavier Trias (Xavier Trias i Vidal de Llobatera, born 1946), Spanish politician
Mariano Trías (1868–1914), Filipino politician
Jordi Trias (born 1980), a Spanish professional basketball player
Jasmine Trias (born 1986), a Filipino-American singer-entertainer
See also
General Trias, a city in the Philippines
Trias politica, about state organisation
Tria (disambiguation)
Triad (disambiguation)
Triplet (disambiguation)
Troika (disambiguation)
3 (disambiguation) |
Diphoterine® is a decontamination solution used in first aid for the emergency treatment of chemical spills to the eyes and body.
Mechanism of action
Diphoterine® solution contains an amphoteric, chelating molecule: a substance which is capable of reacting with both acids and alkalis when applied to either type of chemical spill, stopping the aggressive action of a corrosive or irritant chemical, halting the reaction with the body.
However, it is not fully effective at halting the body's reaction with hydrofluoric acid. This is because hydrofluoric acid is poisonous as well as corrosive. Treatment with either Hexafluorine or calcium gluconate is required to deal with hydrofluoric acid contamination.
Like all of the emergency treatments, Diphoterine® solution is not a substitute for professional medical attention, so immediate attention from emergency medical personnel should always be sought, especially if the chemical spill was to the eye.
Effectiveness
The efficacy of the Diphoterine® solution has been shown to be effective in a two-year study on humans and also in a study on animals. Its effectiveness as compared to use of water alone, and therefore its necessity, has been questioned by some medical experts. On the other hand these statements do not provide any studies that compare the effectiveness of the Diphoterine solution compare to water.
The largest case series reported to date does compare the effectiveness of water and the Diphoterine solution. "One hundred eighty cases of alkali splashes to the skin were evaluated clinically. Two groups were compared; those who had applied Diphoterine first and those who had applied water first." Here are the results of this independent study: "There were no signs of chemical burn in 52.9% of the group who applied Diphoterine first compared with 21.4% of the group who applied water first. Only 7.9% of the group who applied Diphoterine first had blisters or more severe signs compared with 23.8% of the group who applied water first. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001). After implementation of Diphoterine the "first aid" injury rate for chemical burns fell 24.7% (95% CI 0.5–43.0%)."
See also
DeconGel
Eyewash
Amphoteric compounds
References |
"Just Came Back" is a song by Canadian musician Colin James. The song was released as the lead single from his second studio album, Sudden Stop. The song peaked at #5 on the Canadian RPM Singles chart, and is James' biggest hit to date. The song was the fourth-most played Cancon song in Canada of 1990. In 1991, the song won the Juno Award for Single of the Year.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
External links
1990 singles
1990 songs
Virgin Records singles
Juno Award for Single of the Year singles
Colin James songs |
Jacob LeRoy "LeRoy" Koppendrayer (born May 22, 1941) is an American politician who served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1991 to 1997.
Career
Koppendrayer was appointed to the Minnesota Public Utilities Commission by Governor Arne Carlson in December 1997 and re-appointed by Governor Tim Pawlenty in 2004. His term on the commission ended in 2010.
Before his time in the Minnesota House of Representatives, he worked as a dairy farmer, an agriculture consultant, and a truck driver.
References
External links
Commissioner Koppendrayer's Web Page
1941 births
Living people
Republican Party members of the Minnesota House of Representatives
People from Princeton, Minnesota |
The final of the Women's 200 metres Individual Medley event at the 1997 European Aquatics Championships was held in Saturday 23 August 1997 in Seville, Spain.
Finals
Qualifying heats
See also
1996 Women's Olympic Games 200m Individual Medley
1997 Women's World Championships (SC) 200m Individual Medley
References
scmsom results
La Gazzetta Archivio
swimrankings
M |
The USATF New York Grand Prix is an annual athletics meeting held at Icahn Stadium in New York City, United States.
The event was part of the IAAF Grand Prix from 2007 to 2009. For 2010 it was promoted to the top-level Diamond League through 2015. It was known as the Reebok Grand Prix, and the Adidas Grand Prix until 2015.
For the 2016 Diamond League, the New York meet was replaced by Rabat, Morocco. Local organizers the same day said they would announce plans to carry on the meet as a street event in New York. The meeting was eventually replaced in 2016 by the Adidas Boost Boston Games.
After a six-year hiatus, the meet returned in 2022 under its current name as a World Athletics Continental Tour Gold meet.
World records
Over the course of its history, two world records have been set at the Adidas Grand Prix.
Meeting records
Men
Women
References
External links
Diamond League – New York Official Web Site
2005 establishments in New York City
2005 in sports in New York City
2016 disestablishments in New York (state)
2016 in sports in New York City
2000s in Manhattan
2010s in Manhattan
Diamond League
IAAF Grand Prix
Randalls and Wards Islands
Recurring sporting events disestablished in 2016
Recurring sporting events established in 2005
Sports competitions in New York City
Track and field competitions in the United States
Track and field in New York City
World Athletics Continental Tour meetings |
A water tender, sometimes known as a water tanker, is a type of firefighting apparatus that specializes in the transport of water from a water source to a fire scene. Water tenders are capable of drafting water from a stream, lake or hydrant.
This class of apparatus does not necessarily have enough pumping capacity to power large hose lines (like a fire engine), though it utilizes a smaller pump to draft from bodies of water. Water tenders are used when there is no working fire hydrant within reach of other fire equipment, potentially supplying the fire engine(s) with a very rapid connection. Most water tenders are designed to carry heavy water payloads of or more; in the United States, is the minimum requirement according to National Fire Protection Association standards.
Typically water tenders support engines and/or trucks like aerials during fires and hazardous material incidents. Some water tenders carry fire fighting equipment and crew much like an engine. These water tenders are able to operate relatively independently. Some water tenders actually combine a fire engine and water tender. This kind of unit may have seats for up to six firefighters, a water tank of more than , and basic equipment for firefighting and rescue. This configuration may be found, for example, in rural areas, where a fire engine (with rescue equipment) and water tender are supported by a combined fire engine/water tender unit in overlapping fires or accidents. Numerous wildland water tenders have remotely controlled nozzles mounted on the front bumper to allow them to drive alongside a fire or smoldering area and efficiently wet it down without the crew leaving the rig. Very light water tenders are sometimes used in wildfires. For example, a small tank of can be carried by a cross-country vehicle to extinguish smoldering stubs on rough terrain.
A water tender typically carries some fire fighting equipment. There are various national standards and recommendations on equipment to be carried on water tenders. Some water tenders may carry various kinds of hoses and spray nozzles for use in forest, building, or industrial fires, as well as a portable water tank. In addition, tools like axes, flashlights, fire extinguishers, a self-contained breathing apparatus, a first aid kit, adapters, and a hydrant wrench may be required.
Some tenders carry also foaming agents, and extinguishing powders or gases. Examples of specialized water tenders include airport crash tenders and wildland water tenders.
An Australian water tender can range from a standard fire engine, with a larger-than-usual capacity (usually called a tanker), to a water tender equipped with specialty equipment such as fixed monitors and long-throw foam nozzles (usually called a bulk water carrier). Several areas also own converted semi-trailer fuel tankers, capable of holding many thousands of liters of petrol, foam or other retardant. These are most often used in severe HazMat situations, such as oil refinery fires or fuel tanker accidents, where a large and continuous volume of water is needed.
See also
Fire command vehicle
Rescue vehicle
Firefighting apparatus
Fireboat
Portable water tank
References
Fire service vehicles |
Afromimus (meaning "Africa mimic") is a genus of theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous Elrhaz Formation of Niger. It contains a single species, A. tenerensis, named in 2017 by Paul Sereno from parts of the right leg, vertebrae, and ribs found in the Ténéré Desert. It was originally classified as an ornithomimosaurian, but subsequently it was argued to be an abelisauroid.
Discovery and naming
The only known specimen of Afromimus is a partial skeleton consisting of seven (originating from the middle of the tail and estimated to be the 15th, 16th, 18th, 20th, 22nd, 24th, and 27th tail vertebrae), bones from the right hindlimb (the , , , and ), and part of a rib, all found within a radius of . It was discovered in 1997 at the Gadoufaoua locality in the Elrhaz Formation, in the Ténéré Desert of Niger. The specimen is catalogued as MNBH GAD112 in the Musée National Boubou Hama, the national museum of Niger in the city of Niamey. Since the specimen was exposed to the elements when it was found, it may have been more complete when it was still buried. The hindlimb elements were discovered in place, although they were weathered; the tail vertebrae were out of place, and the last vertebra in the sequence was found several meters away from the rest of the specimen.
In 2017, Paul Sereno published a description of MNBH GAD112 as the holotype specimen of a new genus and species, Afromimus tenerensis. The genus name combines the Latin prefix Afro- ("Africa") and the Greek word mimos ("mimic"), in reference to the interpretation of the specimen as a member of the Ornithomimosauria. The species name combines the name of the Ténéré Desert and the Latin suffix -ensis ("from"). Subsequently, in 2019, Mauricio Cerroni and colleagues published a reassessment of Afromimus as a member of the Abelisauroidea.
Description
Afromimus was described as "medium-sized" for an ornithomimosaur. Judging by the fusion in the vertebrae and between the fibula and tarsus of the holotype specimen of Afromimus, the individual had reached adult size before it died. The tibia has a length of . Sereno noted that the largest specimen of the ornithomimosaur Sinornithomimus (a subadult at least seven years old) had a tibia of a similar length, and concluded that Afromimus had a somewhat smaller adult size, making it half the size of Gallimimus, twice the size of Shenzhousaurus, and three times the size of Nqwebasaurus.
Tail vertebrae
Sereno identified several distinctive characteristics in the tail vertebrae of Afromimus. The 16th tail vertebra had depressions along the top and bottom surfaces of the broad , which Sereno described as "peanut-shaped". Such a structure would have stabilized the tail from flexing to the side. The depressions on the bottom surfaces are less evident towards the rear of the tail. This trait is shared with Gallimimus and an unnamed ornithomimid from the Dinosaur Park Formation, and contrasts with the less-broad centra of the abelisauroids Majungasaurus and Masiakasaurus; however, among the Abelisauroidea, the noasaurid Elaphrosaurus also has similar vertebrae.
Additionally, the prezygapophyses and postzygapophyses ( at the front and rear of the vertebrae that interlock with adjacent vertebrae) are distinctive. The sides of the prezygapophyses have a rough texture, which Sereno considered to be an autapomorphy, or distinguishing trait; however, these rough surfaces are also seen in the abelisauroids Majungasaurus, Ceratosaurus, and Ekrixinatosaurus, and Cerroni and colleagues suggested that this trait may be more widespread as indications of muscle or ligament attachments. The sides of the postzygapophyses are rough as well. The facets where the prezygapophyses interlock are also distinctive — a rounded corner on the outer surface of the postzygapophysis fit into an oval facet on the inner surface of the prezygapophysis, and the tip of the postzygapophysis fit into a rimmed depression on the prezygapophysis which was situated closer to the centrum. The purpose of these structures was likely to stiffen the tail. Sereno noted that the latter trait is shared with Sinornithomimus and more advanced ornithomimids, but the same is also present in Majungasaurus, Masiakasaurus, and several Indian abelisauroids.
Several processes on the tail vertebrae of Afromimus are present as low crests or ridges, including the and , although the transverse processes become smooth by the 27th tail vertebra. Below the transverse processes, the 16th tail vertebra also has an accessory ridge, accompanied by a depression below it; the depression also becomes smooth by the 27th tail vertebra. On the bottom of the vertebra, there is a pair of prominent, roughened ridges where the s attach.
The pedicels, or surfaces where the chevrons articulate with their corresponding vertebrae, are fused into a continuous, crescent-shaped surface in Afromimus. Sereno considered as an autapomorphy the fact that the fused surface was half as wide front-to-back than it was side-to-side, although Ceratosaurus, Majungasaurus, and Masiakasaurus also have the same condition. Despite this, Cerroni and colleagues noted a potential distinguishing trait in that the rearward-projecting (posterior) process of the chevron is much larger than the forward-projecting (anterior) process, which is not seen in any ornithomimosaurs or abelisauroids.
Hindlimbs
At the top end of the tibia, Sereno noted an unusual elliptical attachment scar bearing a series of roughened ridges, located below the expanded lateral condyle on the outer surface of the bone. Most ornithomimosaurs lack this scar, but it is present in the abelisauroids Masiakasaurus, Ekrixinatosaurus, Skorpiovenator, and Carnotaurus, as well as to a lesser extent in Velocisaurus and Ceratosaurus. Just to the front of the scar is the fibular crest, which is shorter and narrower than those of Sinornithomimus and Gallimimus and also becomes deeper at its bottom end. This crest stretches to the top of the bone, which is typical of abelisauroids but is unusual for ornithomimosaurs and other tetanuran theropods, where it is separated by a notch from the top. Like the two ornithomimosaurs, however, the bottom edge of the lateral condyle is clearly demarcated from the shaft of the bone.
The shaft of the tibia is compressed at the front and rear, and bows outwards, unlike the relatively straight shafts of the ornithomimosaurs Sinornithomimus, Gallimimus, and Beishanlong, and the noasaurid Elaphrosaurus, but like the noasaurids Masiakasaurus and Velocisaurus. The bottom end of the tibia expands outwards to form the lateral malleolus, which is one-third the width of the bottom end and is partially fused to the (one of the tarsal bones). This partial fusion is unknown in ornithomimosaurs, but it is present in Ceratosaurus, noasaurids, and the Alvarezsauroidea. The actual articulating surface of the astragalus on the tibia is roughened and bears a raised lip, the medial buttress, at its inner rim, which is unknown in ornithomimosaurs but is present in Ceratosaurus and various abelisauroids. The inner edge of the astragalus is offset from the buttress, which is similar to Nqwebasaurus. Compared to ornithomimosaurs, the articulating surface for an ascending process of the astragalus on the tibia is much smaller and lower. Accordingly, Afromimus had a small, subrectangular ascending process on the astragalus like those of abelisauroids, but unlike Sinornithomimus, Gallimimus, and Harpymimus. The
(another tarsal bone) is also more exposed in Afromimus.
Unlike Sinornithomimus and Gallimimus, the fibular crest on the tibia does not join with the iliofibular tubercle or anterior trochanter (the attachment of the iliofibularis muscle) on front of the fibula, because the anterior tubercle is situated further towards the rear by about . The tubercle is roughened and better developed than in ornithomimosaurs, although a well-developed tubercle is typical of Ceratosaurus and various abelisauroids. On the inner side of the fibula, there is a deep that extends smoothly onto the shaft in the form of a trough running in front of the anterior tubercle. The fossa is covered partially by the flared tibial crest, and it is also demarcated above by a crest angled upwards at the rear. There is also a roughened attachment surface below the tibial crest (considered by Sereno to be an autapomorphy). These characteristics are similar to Ceratosaurus, Masiakasaurus, Skorpiovenator, Arcovenator, and Deltadromeus. Some tetanurans, like Tyrannosaurus, Neovenator, and Beishanlong, also have the deep fossa, but lack the surrounding crests. Nevertheless, Cerroni and colleagues noted that the tibial crest covers the fibial fossa to a much greater extent than Masiakasaurus, which is an autapomorphy. The bottom end of the fibula in Afromimus is relatively expanded for an ornithomimosaur, but it resembles Masiakasaurus, Skorpiovenator, and Xenotarsosaurus in this respect.
The foot claws of Afromimus show characteristics shared between abelisauroids and ornithomimosaurs. The bottom surfaces of the claws are relatively flat, which is the case for most ornithomimosaurs (except for Beishanlong and Deinocheirus) and noasaurids. There are two grooves for the attachment of a keratin sheath on the side of the claw, one near the top and one near the bottom, which is common to some noasaurids; however, many ornithomimosaurs only have the groove on the bottom. On the bottom of the claw, there is a V-shaped platform for the attachment of the sheath, with a deep pit in between. Sereno inferred that the sheath would have been a subtriangular "hoof" in life. The inner edge of the platform is a sharp ridge while the outer edge is rounded. Some noasaurids have a similar platform. The attachment for the flexor muscle at the rear of the claw is also recessed, which is seen in ornithomimosaurs.
Classification
Despite various characteristics shared with abelisauroids, Sereno assigned Afromimus to the Ornithomimosauria in 2017. To support this position, he stated that the "peanut-shaped" centra and the rimmed depressions on the prezygapophyses in the tail vertebrae have been reported in Sinornithomimus, Gallimimus, and other ornithomimosaurs (Deinocheirus also has broad centra, although it lacks the prezygapophyseal depressions), while the shape of the centra contrasts with the subcircular centra in Majungasaurus, Masiakasaurus, and alvarezsauroids.
He also drew attention to characteristics of the foot claws, namely the flat bottom face with a V-shaped platform and the recessed flexor attachment, which are shared with ornithomimosaurs. While he noted that the first two traits are shared with abelisauroids, as well as the additional sheath attachment groove near the top of the claw, he noted that the latter condition was not consistent among abelisauroids: the grooves in abelisauroids usually reach the tip of the claw, while they dissipate beforehand in Afromimus, and an unnamed noasaurid also from the Elrhaz Formation. Sereno also noted that the expansion of the fibula's bottom end resembles Masiakasaurus, but not the unnamed noasaurid.
Within the Ornithomimosauria, Sereno did not provide a concrete position for Afromimus other than noting it was a basal (early-diverging) member. He noted that the prezygapophyses were relatively short compared to Harpymimus and Shenzhousaurus, and that the ascending process of the astragalus is much less extensive in both Afromimus and Nqwebasaurus compared to most other ornithomimosaurs. Sereno concluded that the affinities of Afromimus "will likely be tested most effectively by discovery of new material".
In their 2019 paper, Cerroni and colleagues systematically analyzed the traits that Sereno noted as being shared between Afromimus and ornithomimosaurs, and concluded that many of the same traits can also be found among abelisauroids (see §Description for further discussion of the analysis). In particular, Afromimus shares with abelisauroids:
Tail vertebrae with depressions in the prezygapophyses
Chevrons with fused pedicels which are short front-to-back
A fibular crest on the tibia continuous with the top end
A prominent iliofibular tubercle on the fibula
A subrectangular ascending process of the astragalus fused to the fibula
Foot claws with a recessed flexor attachment (i.e. lacking a flexor tubercle)
Foot claws with two grooves and a bump on the side
To rigorously test the affinities of Afromimus, they added it to three phylogenetic datasets: two generally encompassing theropods, from Carrano et al. (2012) and Choiniere et al. (2012); and one focusing specifically on the Ceratosauria, from Brissón Egli et al. (2016). The most parsimonious phylogenetic trees for the first two analyses found Afromimus to be a member of the Ceratosauria, grouping with Masiakasaurus and Majungasaurus in the former and with Masiakasaurus in the latter. Forcing Afromimus to be an ornithomimosaur resulted in a less parsimonious tree for the latter analysis. Finally, adding Afromimus to the ceratosaur-centric matrix resulted in it being found as part of the Noasauridae in a polytomy (unresolved group). In this analysis, the inclusion of Afromimus in the Ceratosauria is supported by the prominent iliofibular tubercle; its inclusion in the Noasauridae is supported by the flattened bottom end of the tibia and the fusion of the astragalar ascending process to the fibula. The phylogenetic tree from the analysis is partially replicated below.
Given these results, Cerroni and colleagues referred Afromimus to the Abelisauroidea, with a likely position in the Noasauridae. However, they maintained it as a valid taxon because of the large posterior process of the chevron and the extent to which the tibial crest of the fibula covers the fibular fossa.
Evolution of ornithomimosaurs
In 2014, Romain Allain and colleagues suggested that the close relation of the African Nqwebasaurus to Eurasian basal ornithomimosaurs indicates that the group was widespread before the breakup of Pangaea. In his description of Afromimus, Sereno suggested that southern ornithomimosaurs such as Afromimus and Nqwebasaurus, which he labelled as the only unambiguous ornithomimosaurs from the southern hemisphere, were an early phase in the group's evolution. However, the removal of Afromimus from the Ornithomimosauria by Cerroni and colleagues weakens this hypothesis, as do several analyses excluding Nqwebasaurus from the Ornithomimosauria; they considered the presence of ornithomimosaurs in the southern hemisphere to be equivocal.
Paleoecology
No other fossil vertebrates were found with the remains of Afromimus at the Gadoufaoua locality. However, other dinosaurs are known from Gaoufaoua: the theropods Suchomimus/Cristatusaurus, Kryptops, and Eocarcharia; the sauropod Nigersaurus; and the ornithopods Ouranosaurus, Lurdusaurus, and Elrhazosaurus. Other fauna include crocodilians, such as Sarcosuchus, Stolokrosuchus, Araripesuchus, and Anatosuchus; turtles of the genera Teneremys, Platycheloides, Taquetochelys, and Araripemys; and fish, including the coelacanth Mawsonia, the lungfish Ceratodus, and the ray-finned fish Lepidotes and Pliodetes.
See also
Timeline of ornithomimosaur research
Timeline of ceratosaur research
2017 in archosaur paleontology
References
Abelisaurs
Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of Africa
Fossils of Niger
Cretaceous Niger
Albian life
Aptian life
Fossil taxa described in 2017
Taxa named by Paul Sereno |
The Solling Railway ( is a non-electrified, single track standard gauge railway connecting Höxter-Ottbergen in the east of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and Northeim in southern Lower Saxony. It takes its name from the fact that it runs through the southern Solling in Lower Saxony, an area of large forests and low mountains (Mittelgebirge).
It is listed as timetable (KBS) route 356 north (until 1992 it was KBS 245, and until 1970 it was KBS 200).
Route
The line begins in the North Rhine-Westphalian district of Höxter, near Ottbergen and runs on a high embankment including a bridge over the Nethe to Amelunxen. It runs through a deep cutting to Wehrden station and then crosses the Weser river on a steel bridge and enters Lower Saxony and the district of Holzminden. The line follows the Weser upstream, passing through Lauenförde-Beverungen station and at Würgassen returns to the district of Höxter. After Würgassen it runs on a picturesque route between the Weser and the "Hanover cliffs" to the North Rhine-Westphalia–Hesse state border on the eastern outskirts of Bad Karlshafen, the northernmost city in the state, which is in the Kassel district, and on to Bad Karlshafen. Shortly after Bad Karlshafen the line runs through the Lower Saxony district of Northeim. The Wahmbeck tunnel cuts through a loop of the Weser.
After Bodenfelde station the line finally leaves the Weser valley and then runs through the Schwülme valley. Just after Bodenfelde station, the Solling Railway and the Göttingen–Bodenfelde line separate and run parallel to Vernawahlshausen station, crossing the Hesse/Lower Saxony border three times (twice while crossing the Schwülme). Until 1976 it was possible to change between the lines in Vernawahlshausen, but now only trains on the line to/from Göttingen stop there. From there the line runs until the end of the line in the district of Northeim. In Gut Steimke, before Uslar, it crosses the Ahle river on a high viaduct. From Uslar-Allershausen until after Uslar-Bollensen the line again runs on a high embankment. The Solling line climbs along the southern slope of the Rehbach valley through Uslar and Volpriehausen stations to Ertinghäusen (Bollert) tunnel, the highest point of the track (259 m above sea level), with gradients of up to 1.14%, and then runs down the Leine valley passing through Hardegsen on a gradient of up to 1.27%. In Hardegsen it passes through another deep cutting. After Berwartshausen the Solling line crosses the A 7 autobahn, running between Hanover and Kassel. Before Northeim it runs on an embankment and crosses the Leine river, the Hanover–Würzburg high-speed line and the North–South railway (Hanoverian Southern Railway). In Northeim, it ends at the 63.951 km mark.
Former branches
The former Holzminden–Scherfede mainline railway (which had been built by the Bergisch-Märkische Railway Company to connect the Upper Ruhr Valley Railway and the Altenbeken–Kreiensen railway) was crossed in Wehrden. Both lines ran parallel through Wehrden station, where changing trains was possible.
After World War II, a 1.1 kilometre long rail link was built to the Holzminden–Scherfede line, connecting Ottbergen and Holzminden between Wildberg bei Amelunxen (a suburb of Beverungen) junction and Steinberg junction. Already during the war, the German military feared that three bridges near Höxter, Fürstenberg and Meinbrexen would be targets of air attacks, and in 1944 it began the construction of this rail link (since the Fürstenberg bridge made the easiest crossing of the three over the Weser to maintain), which however could not be completed. These bridges were, however, by blown up German troops on 7 April 1945 during their retreat. As it was the easiest bridge to rebuild, British engineers reopened the Fürstenberg Bridge on 1 September 1946 for double-track operations and in parallel also completed the rail link. Since the track is essentially a big curve, it was called the Engländerkurve (English curve). It was closed on 11 December 1964 and subsequently dismantled. The Weser river bridges at Höxter and Wehrden were reopened on 13 December 1948. The bridge at Wehrden for the Solling railway was rebuilt with only one track and further repairs were subsequently carried out several times.
At Bad Karlshafen there was a second station on the left side of the Weser on Carl's Railway (Carlbahn) to Hümme, who was not connected to the Solling Railway. The station at the Solling was therefore called Karlshafen r.U. (r.U. for rechtes Ufer, right bank), while the station on Carl's Railway was called Karlshafen l.U. (l.U. for linkes Ufer, left bank).
The closed Uslar–Schönhagen (Han) railway (line number 1802; 1921/1927–1989/1990) branched off at Uslar.
History
The Prussian state railways commenced construction of the line on 11 November 1873, the Ertinghausen tunnel, its highest point, was pierced on 6 September 1876, and its official opening took place on 15 January 1878. In 1886 the line was duplicated. This line was a very important route in the rail network of the German Empire, as it was a section of railway link between the industrial areas of Halle–Leipzig and the Ruhr. The construction of the railway line through it and the resulting connection with the industrial centres of eastern and western Germany, stimulated economic growth. Together with the adjoining Altenbeken-Ottbergen-Kreiensen line to the west and the South Harz Railway (Südharzbahn) to the east adjoining it became in the period between 1930 and 1945 one of the busiest for east–west freight traffic (during the Second World War more than 100 freight trains ran on the line).
The division of Germany reduced the importance of the line, although freight traffic continued as far as Walkenried on the edge of the German Democratic Republic. Freight traffic was discontinued in 1989.
After German reunification east–west traffic was concentrated on the routes through Hanover and Kassel, so this route has since only had regional importance. Beginning in early 1990 one track of the line has been dismantled. Crossings loops now only remain in Lauenförde, Bodenfelde, Uslar and Hardegsen.
Since 2000, total closure of the line has been threatened several times, although in 2002 freight traffic was temporarily resumed on a small scale. Meanwhile, the railway has been connected to the electronic interlocking in Göttingen to enable operation with little manpower.
Current operations
Since 9 December 2007, there has been a service every two hours between Ottbergen and Göttingen, which connects to Northeim in Bodenfelde. There are also additional services for school students.
Public transport fares between Ottbergen and Bad Karlshafen are set by Nahverkehrsverbund Paderborn-Höxter (Regional transport association of Paderborn-Höxter). To the east from Lauenförde-Beverungen, fares are set by Verkehrsverbundes Süd-Niedersachsen (transport association of southern Lower Saxony).
The connection from Ottbergen to Göttingen, which runs as fas as Bodenfelde on this line, is also called the Oberweserbahn (Upper Weser Railway); it continues over the Göttingen–Bodenfelde railway.
The line is currently operated with class 648 diesel multiple units.
Notes
References
External links
(timetable and operations)
Railway lines in Hesse
Railway lines in Lower Saxony
Railway lines in North Rhine-Westphalia
Buildings and structures in Höxter (district)
Buildings and structures in Northeim (district) |
The 1997 NCAA Division I-AA football rankings are from the Sports Network poll of Division I-AA head coaches, athletic directors, sports information directors and media members. This is for the 1997 season.
Legend
The Sports Network poll
References
Rankings
NCAA Division I FCS football rankings |
Jim Frazier may refer to:
Jim Frazier (American football) (born c. 1941), American football coach
Jim Frazier (inventor) (1940–2022), Australian inventor, naturalist and cinematographer
Jim Frazier (politician) (born 1959), American politician
See also
James Frazier (disambiguation) |
Ismail Industries Limited () is a Pakistani confectionery and snack food manufacturer which owns AstroPack, CandyLand, Bisconni and SnackCity brands.
History
The company was founded in 1988.
In 2015, the company's director and CEO was Maqsood Ismail.
Brands
CandyLand
Bisconni
SnackCity
Factories
The company currently operates three factories in the following cities:
Hub, Balochistan
Lahore
Karachi
References
External links
Ismail Industries Limited - official website
Pakistani brands
Food and drink companies established in 1988
Food manufacturers of Pakistan
Companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange
Pakistani companies established in 1988 |
Houplin-Ancoisne () is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.
Until 1959, it was known as Houplin-Lez-Seclin.
Heraldry
See also
Communes of the Nord department
References
External links
Houplinancoisne
French Flanders |
São Miguel do Aleixo is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Sergipe. Its population was 3,947 (2020) and its area is 145 km².
References
Municipalities in Sergipe |
Marie-Julien Dunand (23 January 18414 August 1915), also known in Chinese as Du Ang (), was a French priest who was the Catholic apostolic vicar of North-Western Szechwan from 1893 to 1915. He was a recipient of the Legion of Honour.
Biography
Early life
Dunand was born in Saint-Jean-de-Belleville on 23 January 1841. He was ordained a priest in 1863 and worked as a teacher and vicar in Albertville for about 5 years. He joined the Paris Foreign Missions Society in 1868, left for China in 1869 and arrived in 1870. In China, Dunand first worked as a missionary, but was soon nominated to direct the seminary at Muping, Baoxing, Ya'an.
Apostolic vicar
In 1886, Annet-Théophile Pinchon, the Apostolic Vicar of North-western Sichuan, appointed Dunand to be the vicar general in charge of Chongqingzhou (), near Chengdu. After Pinchon's death in 1891, Dunand directed the mission for two years. In 1893, he was appointed the Apostolic Vicar of North-western Szechwan and also became the titular bishop of Caloe.
Anti-missionary riots
In 1895, an anti-missionary riot broke out in Chengdu, which destroyed the episcopal residence, the cathedral, and other oratories around Chengdu. Dunand was injured and fled. Different sources give conflicting accounts about Dunand's injury: the France-Asian Research Institute (IRFA) said Dunand almost died, but Wang Anming from Chengdu Folk Culture Research Association () asserted that Dunand was only slightly injured.
Following the riot, Dunand directed Jacques-Victor-Marius Rouchouse to build the current Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception. Additionally, he planned for the construction of Annunciation Seminary in Bailu, Pengzhou, a location farther from Chengdu, in response to the violent incident.
The apostolic vicariate under Dunand saw local uprisings in 1896, in 1900 during the Boxer Rebellion, and in 1902, in which Dunand had to request the aid of a French gunboat. In 1898, Dunand was named a (knight) of the Legion of Honour for his "eminent services rendered in the Far East and inestimable services rendered for the Lyonnese Mission in 1896" by Félix Faure.
Death
Dunand died in Chengdu in 1915. The French and British consuls as well as Chinese civil and military representatives attended his funeral. He was buried at Mopan Mountain () near Chengdu, where Louis Gabriel Taurin Dufresse was also buried. He was succeeded by Jacques-Victor-Marius Rouchouse as the apostolic vicar.
Legacy
Charity
According to the French-Asia Research Institute (IRFA), Dunand worked for the education of youth and the relief of the sick during his leadership. He opened an orphanage, a hospital and a hospice for the poor and entrusted them to the Franciscan Sisters of Mary. He also opened a school for boys, which was entrusted to the Marist Brothers.
Architecture
Dunand initiated the construction of the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Chengdu and the Annunciation Seminary, Bailu. The cathedral and the attached episcopal residence were completed in 1904 and remains in operation. The seminary was completed in 1907, abandoned in 1949, collapsed in the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, and rebuilt in 2016. Both the cathedral and the seminary sites are Major Historical and Cultural Sites Protected at the National Level of China.
See also
Catholic Church in Sichuan
Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Chengdu
Annunciation Seminary, Bailu
References
Notes
Citations
External links
Dunand's record from the France-Asia Research Institute
1841 births
1915 deaths
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in China
Apostolic vicars of Sichuan
Roman Catholic missionaries in Sichuan
French Roman Catholic bishops in Asia
Paris Foreign Missions Society bishops
Roman Catholic Diocese of Chengdu |
Durrenentzen (; ) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
See also
Communes of the Haut-Rhin department
References
Communes of Haut-Rhin |
Torstein Ellingsen (born 7 August 1966) is a Norwegian drummer and music producer, known from a series of album recordings.
Career
Ellingsen was born in Oslo and started his career playing in his older brother's band The Royal Rakes Jazzband (1980), collaborated within Christiania Jazzband (1981), and was a part of "Caledonia Jazzband" (1982–1998), with The Real Thing (1995–1998 og 2010–2014), with Magnolia Jazzband (from 1999), and with his Danish wife and singer Majken Christiansen (from 2001). Ellingsen lead his own band The Sinatra Songbook (from 1999) along with jazz singer Ingar Kristiansen. He plays in these bands: Prima Vista Social Club, Rubber Soul Quartet and Gigaphonics. He has also recorded albums with Paul Wagnberg Trio, Rune Nicolaysen Trio, Anders Aarum Trio, Tor Einar Bekken, Sandvika Storband, Ola Kvernberg, Harald Bergersen, Anne Marte Slinning and Jan Werner. He has also collaborated with musicians like Sigurd Køhn, Georg Reiss, Norbert Susemihl, Halvdan Sivertsen and Øystein Sunde.
Ellingsen holds a master's degree in political science at the University of Oslo (1994) and diploma degree in Music Management from Det Jyske Musikkonservatorium in Århus, Denmark (2012). He was the host of the TV program "Bandbox" at NRK (1997), worked as a jazz writer and editor of the jazz magazine Jazznytt (2001–02). He also was a communications consultant in Rikskonsertene in Oslo (1998–2001) and was employed as a concert producer the same place until 2016 where he facilitates concerts for children and young audiences. Ellingsen has published the norwegian language book Rosinen i pølsa (Kagge, 2005) with Knut Lystad and Rune Semundseth.
Discography (in selection)
Solo albums
2001: The Sinatra Songbook (Curling Legs)
Collaborations
With Caledonia Jazzband
1985: Moods of New Orleans (Hot Club Records)
1987: Walkin''' (Hot Club Records), with Wendell Brunious
1991: Is You Or Is You Ain't (Hot Club Records), with Norbert Susemihl
1997: Creole Nights (Hot Club Records), with Geoff Bull
With Garden of Delight
1987: Big Wheels in Emotion (Pale Productions)
With The Real Thing
1995: Live (Real Records)
1997: Pleasure Is An Attitude (Real Records)
2011: Back on Track (Real Records)
With Sandvika Storband
1999: Lining Up! (SS Records)
With Ola Kvernberg
2001: Violin (Hot Club Records)
With Paul Wagnberg Trio
1999: Eat Meat (Real Records)
2001: Gone Fishing (Real Records)
With Anders Aarum Trio
2001: The Lucky Strike (Hot Club Records)
With Magnolia Jazzband
2002: In that Sweet Old Garden of Eden (MJB Recordings)
With Norbert Susemihl
2011: Norbert Susemihl's Joyful Gumbo – New Orleans Reflections (Sumi Records)
2014: Norbert Susemihl – A Tribute to the Louis Armstrong All Stars – Live at Maribo Jazzfestival'' (Sumi Records)
References
External links
Biography at Jazzbasen
Discography at Jazzbasen
20th-century Norwegian drummers
21st-century Norwegian drummers
Norwegian jazz drummers
Male drummers
Norwegian jazz composers
1966 births
Living people
Musicians from Oslo
University of Oslo alumni
Norwegian expatriates in Denmark
20th-century drummers
Male jazz composers
20th-century Norwegian male musicians
21st-century Norwegian male musicians
The Real Thing (Norwegian band) members |
Bolbolu-ye Kalantar (, also Romanized as Bolbolū-e Kalāntar; also known as Bolbolū) is a village in Ganjabad Rural District, Esmaili District, Anbarabad County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 216, in 41 families.
References
Populated places in Anbarabad County |
This is a list of New Zealand television events and premieres which occurred, or are scheduled to occur, in 2014, the 54th year of continuous operation of television in New Zealand.
Events
13 January – TVNZ serial drama Shortland Street returns from its summer break, revealing the characters who died in the 2013 season finale.
14 January – It is announced that Trackside, the New Zealand horse racing channel, will no longer be aired on Freeview and will become a pay-per-view channel.
16 January – TVNZ reveal they will be airing the 2014 Grammy Awards on their free-to-air channels direct from the United States. A first for New Zealand free-to-air networks
3 February – Former TV3 reporter, Rachel Smalley, joins TVNZ current affairs show, Q+A
5 February – Sky Network Television announce they will no longer resell their services through Telecom.
8 February – After winning the broadcasting rights in 2013, Prime Television begins coverage of the 2014 Winter Olympics.
17 February – Television New Zealand unit manager, Shane Taurima resigns after it is revealed he took part in political conferences and allowed the opposition party (Labour) to use TVNZ facilities.
17 February – After a year on hiatus, the controversial reality show, The GC returns for a second season and begins airing on TV3 and funded by Te Mangai Paho.
19 February – Robert Rakete joins the Australian children's act, The Wiggles as the Brown Wiggle.
19 February – New Zealand actor, Charles Mesure joins the cast as Blackbeard in US television drama, Once Upon a Time alongside fellow New Zealander, Rose McIver (who plays Tinkerbell).
24 February – With the old UHF/VHF system being turned off in New Zealand in December 2013, Sky Television's profits increase by 22%
28 February – TVNZ reporter, Lisa Owen defects to TV3 to cohost The Nation.
9 March – MasterChef New Zealand contestants, Glynn and James, receive complaints regarding posts made on their Facebook page, however TVNZ releases a statement saying they have no control over Facebook or Twitter accounts made by contestants.
11 March – A Trademe.co.nz advert receives a complaint regarding the use and misinterpretation of the surname, "Ramsbottom" minutes are going live.
13 March – Actress Rose McIver is cast in upcoming US television based on a comic book series, iZombie
13 March – New Zealand On Air confirms that they will help fund a two part telemovie for cancelled television show, Nothing Trivial to give closure to the fans.
16 March – TV3 confirms that the next series of The Block NZ will be set on Newell Street in Auckland suburb, Point Chevalier
17 March – Chefs Ben Bayly and Gareth Stewart are confirmed as being the judges for new reality show, My Kitchen Rules NZ
17 March – In a controversial move, the Board for Māori Television push for former TVNZ Māori and Pacific unit general manager, Paora Maxwell to become CEO of the network.
17 March – Seven Sharp co-anchorman, Jesse Mulligan is confirmed as the new host for comedic television show, Best Bits, replacing comedian, Te Radar
21 March – Comedian Rhys Darby's mockumentary show, Short Poppies is confirmed to debut on Netflix in April 2014
22 March – English comedian Tony Robinson announces he will release a television series showing New Zealand war stories
23 March – After announcing when series three of The Block NZ will be based, residents of Point Chevalier's Newell Street unite to stop the shows production
24 March – Sommet Sports announcing they will be providing a satellite service on Freeview and Sky Television effective 14 April.
14 April – Sommet Sports begins airing on Sky Television
28 March – New Zealand television blogger, Chris Philpott retires from blogging after the birth of his first child.
30 March – Residents of the Auckland suburb, Point Chevalier, discover the houses in the next series of The Block NZ will be multistoried, much to their dismay.
1 April – Rhys Darby's parody television series, Short Poppies, becomes available in New Zealand on TVNZ On Demand.
1 April – Actor Temuera Morrison receives a $1.1 million grant from New Zealand on Air to fund a variety show.
26 April – TV Rotorua and Info Rotorua announcing they will be providing a satellite service on Freeview and Sky Television effective 26 April.
TBA – Prime also holds the rights to broadcast the 2014 Commonwealth Games in New Zealand.
Premieres
Domestic series
International series
*Due to low ratings, TV3 moved Hotel GB from its primetime slot to airing at 9.30am on Saturdays effective 22 February.
Telemovies and miniseries
Documentaries
Specials
Programming changes
Programmes changing networks
Criterion for inclusion in the following list is that New Zealand premiere episodes will air in New Zealand for the first time on the new network. This includes when a program is moved from a free-to-air network's primary channel to a digital multi-channel, as well as when a program moves between subscription television channels – provided the preceding criterion is met. Ended television series which change networks for repeat broadcasts are not included in the list.
°Originally, The Michael J. Fox Show was shown as part of TV3's new line-up. However, it has since been dropped by TV3 and was picked up and has begun airing on sister network, Four.
Free-to-air premieres
This is a list of programmes which made their premiere on New Zealand free-to-air television that had previously premiered on New Zealand subscription television. Programs may still air on the original subscription television network.
Subscription premieres
This is a list of programmes which made their premiere on New Zealand subscription television that had previously premiered on New Zealand free-to-air television. Programmes may still air on the original free-to-air television network.
Programmes returning in 2014
Milestone episodes in 2014
Programmes ending in 2014
Deaths
References |
Herbert Poore or Poor (died 1217) was a medieval English clergyman who held the post of Bishop of Salisbury during the reigns of Richard I and John.
Life
Poore was probably the son of Richard of Ilchester, also known as Richard Toclive, who served as Bishop of Winchester. He was the brother of Richard Poore, who succeeded him as bishop. He may have served under his father in the exchequer but is first recorded as an archdeacon of Canterbury in 1175. He was initially one of a trio in the office but, in 1180, Archbishop Richard reversed himself and left Herbert the sole archdeacon for the area. At some point, he also became a canon of Lincoln and Salisbury, entitling him to their prebends.
In his capacity as archdeacon of Canterbury, Herbert enthroned Walter de Coutances as bishop of Lincoln on 11 December 1183. In July the next year, he was one of the men charged by Henry II to instruct the monks of Christ Church, Canterbury, to elect his favorite Bishop Baldwin of Worcester as Richard's successor. From 1185 to 1188, he directed the income of the vacant see of Salisbury and, in May 1186, the chapter at Lincoln elected him to succeed Walter as their bishop. The king refused his consent. The chapter at Salisbury then elected him to succeed Joscelin as the Bishop of Salisbury. The king assented on 14 September 1186 but the minority appealed to the pope owing to Herbert's birth to his father's concubine. (The position was ultimately taken up by Hubert Walter.) On 29 September 1186 he officiated the enthronement of Hugh as bishop of Lincoln and, in May 1193, he appealed to the pope against Hubert Walter's elevation as archbishop of Canterbury, as the king was in captivity and the bishops had not been present at his election. Instead, Celestine presented Hubert with his pallium, the symbol of his new office, and he was enthroned at Canterbury on 7 November.
The canons of Salisbury unanimously elected Herbert as Hubert's successor around 5 May 1194, and the archbishop confirmed the result on 29 April. Herbert was only in deacon's orders at the time; he was ordained as a priest on 4 June, the day before Hubert consecrated him in St Katherine's Chapel at Westminster. He was enthroned at Salisbury on 13 June. In December 1197, Herbert joined St Hugh of Lincoln in denying the king 300 knights for a year's service in his French wars; when Archbishop Hubert made the same request at the Council of Oxford in February of the next year, they successfully resisted. By the king's orders, all of Herbert's English lands were then seized, until he left to visit Richard personally in Normandy. He was permitted to return to England with his lands and title in June upon payment of a large fine. It was Herbert's idea to move the see from Old Sarum to the Salisbury Plain and he received permission from Richard to that effect, but the plan had to be abandoned after King John came to the throne. It was left to Herbert's brother and successor, Richard, to carry it out decades later, founding modern Salisbury in the process.
Bishop Herbert attended King John's coronation on 27 May 1199. On 19 September 1200, he served as a papal delegate at the reconciliation of Archbishop Geoffrey and the chapter of York at Westminster and, on 22 November, he was present when the king of Scotland paid homage to John at Lincoln. He was summoned to John in Normandy on 14 December 1201. He received six tuns of wine on 2 January 1205.
In 1207, the dispute over the appointment of the new archbishop of Canterbury caused Herbert and Bishop Gilbert of Rochester to flee to Scotland. By 27 May 1208, Herbert appears to have returned to Ramsbury but, the next year, Pope Innocent III wrote to him concerning John's failure to pay Richard's widow Berengaria her pension (21 January) and then directed him, along with Bishop Gilbert, to publish the interdict against John. The king was then excommunicated and Herbert again fled to Scotland. In 1212, he and Bishop Gilbert were instructed to release them from their oaths of allegiance to John. In May 1213, John capitulated; Herbert's lands and revenues were ordered restored to him on 18 July.
Herbert died in 1217. Sources variously place the date on February 6 or May 9 while it was commemorated at Salisbury on 7 January. He was not buried at the cathedral church but at Wilton.
Notes
Citations
References
British History Online Archdeacons of Canterbury accessed on 30 October 2007
British History Online Bishops of Salisbury accessed on 30 October 2007
British History Online Deans of Salisbury accessed on 30 October 2007
12th-century births
1217 deaths
Bishops of Salisbury
13th-century English Roman Catholic bishops
12th-century English Roman Catholic bishops
Archdeacons of Canterbury |
Kordali (Kurdali), or Pahlavi, is one of the Kurdish languages. It is often included in Southern Kurdish, but is quite distinct. It is spoken by the large Kordali tribe in the borderlands between Iraq and Iran.
Geography
It is principally spoken in parts of Ilam Province in Iran including in Abdanan, Dehloran, Meymeh and Pahleh. In Iraq, the dialect is spoken in Ali Al-Gharbi in Maysan Governorate and Shayk Sa'd in Wasit Governorate.
See also
Posht Tang-e Kordali
References
Kurdish language
Languages of Kurdistan |
APU/Citrus College station is an at-grade light rail station on the A Line of the Los Angeles Metro Rail system. It is located between Palm Drive and Citrus Avenue, a block north of Foothill Boulevard, in Azusa, California. It is named after the nearby Azusa Pacific University (APU) and Citrus College.
This station opened on March 5, 2016, as part of Phase 2A of the Gold Line Foothill Extension Project, and currently serves as the northern terminus of the A Line. Phase 2B of the Foothill Extension will open to Pomona in summer 2025.
Due to heavy rain in March 2016, the previously delayed underpass construction on North Citrus Avenue was flooded. The Citrus Avenue extension and underpass were finally opened in September 2016.
Service
Station layout
Hours and frequency
Connections
, the following connections are available:
Foothill Transit: , , ,
Glendora Transportation Division: Gold Line Shuttle North Route, Gold Line Shuttle South Route
References
Railway stations in the United States opened in 2016
Citrus College
A Line (Los Angeles Metro) stations
Azusa, California
Azusa Pacific University
2016 establishments in California
Railway stations in California at university and college campuses
Pacific Electric stations |
Rhapsody is an operetta in 2 Acts by Fritz Kreisler (music) and John La Touche (lyrics) with a book by Arnold Sundgaard and Leonard Louis Levinson that is based on an original story by A. N. Nagler. The music from the operetta is taken mainly from Kreisler's 1932 Austrian-language operetta and from his large collection of works for violin and piano; with only a relatively small portion of new music by Kreisler being added to the operetta's score. While La Touche was the primary lyricist, playwright Blevins Davis and American composer Robert Russell Bennett also contributed some lyrics. Additionally, Davis was the operetta's producer (along with the New York socialite Lorraine Manville Dresselhuys), and Bennett was the orchestrater of Kreisler's music which was originally scored for piano. The Austrian conductor Fritz Mahler served as the production's music director.
Opening at the New Century Theatre on Broadway on November 22, 1944, Rhapsody is set within the court of Roman Emperor Francis I and Empress Maria Theresa. The operetta was directed and choreographed by Russian-American ballet dancer David Lichine; who had achieved fame as a leading artist with The Royal Ballet in London and as a choreographer in Hollywood films. The production boasted highly expensive and elaborate sets designed by Tony Award winning designer Oliver Smith; with a production value of $300,000.00 Frank Bevan designed the production's costumes and Stanley McCandless served as lighting designer. While critics praised the music and the singing of the show's leads, reviews of the operetta's written dialogue were universally bad; and the show was widely mocked in the press as a result. The play closed on December 2, 1944, after just 14 performances which proceeded 8 additional performances given in previews; making it one of the most expensive flops on Broadway at the time that it closed.
Roles
References
External links
1944 musicals
1944 operas
Operas
Broadway theatre
Original musicals
English-language operettas
Compositions by Fritz Kreisler
Operas by Fritz Kreisler |
The Electoral division of Tamar was an electoral division in the Tasmanian Legislative Council of Australia. It existed from 1856 to 1997, when it was renamed Roland.
Members
See also
Tasmanian Legislative Council electoral divisions
References
Past election results for Tamar
Former electoral districts of Tasmania
1997 disestablishments in Australia |
Mangifera collina is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is endemic to an area near Chiang Mai, Thailand.
References
Trees of Thailand
collina
Data deficient plants
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Taxa named by André Joseph Guillaume Henri Kostermans |
Arsanilic acid, also known as aminophenyl arsenic acid or aminophenyl arsonic acid, is an organoarsenic compound, an amino derivative of phenylarsonic acid whose amine group is in the 4-position. A crystalline powder introduced medically in the late 19th century as Atoxyl, its sodium salt was used by injection in the early 20th century as the first organic arsenical drug, but it was soon found prohibitively toxic for human use.
Arsanilic acid saw long use as a veterinary feed additive promoting growth and to prevent or treat dysentery in poultry and swine. In 2013, its approval by US government as an animal drug was voluntarily withdrawn by its sponsors. Still sometimes used in laboratories, arsanilic acid's legacy is principally through its influence on Paul Ehrlich in launching the antimicrobial chemotherapy approach to treating infectious diseases of humans.
Chemistry
Synthesis was first reported in 1863 by Antoine Béchamp and became the basis of the Bechamp reaction. The process involves the reaction of aniline and arsenic acid via an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction.
C6H5NH2 + H3AsO4 → H2O3AsC6H4NH2 + H2O
Arsanilic acid occurs as a zwitterion, H3N+C6H4AsO3H−, yet is typically represented with the non-zwitterionic formula H2NC6H4AsO3H2.
History
Roots and synthesis
Since at least 2000 BC, arsenic and inorganic arsenical compounds were both medicine and poison. In the 19th century, inorganic arsenicals became the preeminent medicines, for instance Fowler's solution, against diverse diseases.
In 1859, in France, while developing aniline dyes, Antoine Béchamp synthesized a chemical that he identified, if incorrectly, as arsenic acid anilide. Also biologist, physician, and pharmacist, Béchamp reported it 40 to 50 times less toxic as a drug than arsenic acid, and named it Atoxyl, the first organic arsenical drug.
Medical influence
In 1905, in Britain, H W Thomas and A Breinl reported successful treatment of trypanosomiasis in animals by Atoxyl, and recommended high doses, given continuously, for human trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness). By 1907, more successful and less toxic than inorganic arsenicals, Atoxyl was expected to greatly aid expansion of British colonization of Africa and stem loss of cattle in Africa and India. (So socioeconomically valuable was colonial medicine that in 1922, German company Bayer offered to reveal the formula of Bayer 205—developed in 1917 and showing success on sleeping sickness in British and Belgian Africa—to the British government for return of German colonies lost via World War I.)
Soon, however, Robert Koch found through an Atoxyl trial in German East Africa that some 2% of patients were blinded via atrophy of the optic nerve. In Germany, Paul Ehrlich inferred Béchamp's report of Atoxyl's structure incorrect, and Ehrlich with his chief organic chemist Alfred Bertheim found its correct structure—aminophenyl arsenic acid or aminophenyl arsonic acid—which suggested possible derivatives. Ehrlich asked Bertheim to synthesize two types of Atoxyl derivatives: arsenoxides and arsenobenzenes.
Ehrlich and Bertheim's 606th arsenobenzene, synthesized in 1907, was arsphenamine, found ineffective against trypanosomes, but found in 1909 by Ehrlich and bacteriologist Sahachiro Hata effective against the microorganism involved in syphilis, a disease roughly equivalent then to today's AIDS. The company Farbwerke Hoechst marketed arsphenamine as the drug Salvarsan, "the arsenic that saves". Its specificity of action fit Ehrlich's silver bullet or magic bullet paradigm of treatment, and Ehrlich won international fame while Salvarsan's success—the first particularly effective syphilis treatment—established the chemotherapy enterprise. In the late 1940s, Salvarsan was replaced in most regions by penicillin, yet organic arsenicals remained in use for trypanosomiasis.
Contemporary usage
Arsanilic acid gained use as a feed additive for poultry and swine to promote growth and prevent or treat dysentery. For poultry and swine, arsanilic acid was among four arsenical veterinary drugs, along with carbarsone, nitarsone, roxarsone, approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In 2013, the FDA denied petitions by the Center for Food Safety and by the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy seeking revocation of approvals of the arsenical animal drugs, but the drugs' sponsors voluntarily requested the FDA to withdraw approvals of three, including arsanilic acid, leaving only nitarsone approved. In 2015, the FDA withdrew nitarsone's approval.
Arsanilic acid is still used in the laboratory, for instance in recent modification of nanoparticles.
It is a reagent for the detection of nitrite in urinalysis dipsticks.
Citations
Anilines
Arsonic acids |
Stephen Monty (born 30 March 1963) is an Australian cricketer. He played in eleven first-class and four List A matches for Queensland between 1990 and 1992.
See also
List of Queensland first-class cricketers
References
External links
1963 births
Living people
Australian cricketers
Queensland cricketers
Cricketers from Adelaide |
Arthur Ashley (October 6, 1886 – December 28, 1970) was an actor, writer, and director of silent films and also acted in legitimate theater. He was involved with World Pictures. He directed and acted in several film productions. Later in his career he established his own stock company for theatrical productions.
His starring roles included The Guardian.
He worked with William A. Brady's daughter Alice Brady on several projects.
He was also the manager of the Percy Williams Actors' Home.
Filmography
Actor
Director
The Guardian (1917)
The Marriage Market (1917)
Rasputin, the Black Monk (1917)
Shall We Forgive Her? (1917)
The Beautiful Mrs. Reynolds (1918)
Broken Ties (1918)
Oh Mary Be Careful (1921)
References
External links
1886 births
1970 deaths
Place of birth missing
Place of death missing
Silent film directors
American male silent film actors
20th-century American male actors
American film directors
20th-century American screenwriters |
Buhoma is a genus of snakes in the superfamily Elapoidea. The genus is endemic to Africa.
It was formerly classified in the family Lamprophiidae, but following the split of that family, the taxonomic placement of Buhoma remains uncertain.
Species
Three species are recognized as being valid.
Buhoma depressiceps – pale-headed forest snake
Buhoma procterae – Uluguru forest snake
Buhoma vauerocegae – Usambara forest snake
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Buhoma.
References
Alethinophidia
Snake genera
Snakes of Africa
Taxa named by Wolfgang Böhme (herpetologist)
Taxa named by Frank Glaw
Taxa named by Miguel Vences
Taxa named by Thomas Ziegler (zoologist) |
Józef Pszenny (born March 17, 1910 in Pruszyn, February 3, 1993 in Chicago) - Polish military commander, sapper captain of Polish Army, head of the Sapper Department of "XII-s" Warsaw District of Home Army.
History
In 1939 during the September campaign, holding the rank of lieutenant, he commanded the 2nd company of sappers of the 7 Sapper Battalion. During the German occupation of Poland, he was the creator of the underground sabotage group Batalion Saperów Praskich (eng. Praga Sapper Battalion), which was established in 1940, bearing the colloquial name of "Chwacki Battalions". Later, he was the commander of the disposable patrol squad separated in the middle of 1942 from the Sapper's Battalion, and at the same time commanded the line battalion of this branch constituting its staff and technical facilities. At the end of July 1943, "Chwacki" was dismissed to work in the command of the Sapper Department of "XII-s" District Warsaw AK, and his position was taken by Ludwik Witkowski "Kosa".
After the war he was in exile in the United States, where he was active in veteran organizations.
Military service
Józef Pszenny, as commander of the 3rd patrol of miners, took part in:
Operation Wieniec - campaign carried out on 7–8 October 1942 on the Warsaw-Siedlce railway line.
Ghetto Action - an attempt to blow up part of the walls surrounding the Warsaw Ghetto during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising on 19 April 1943,
Action in Końskie - sabotage action of the Home Army carried out between August 31 and September 1, 1943 on the railway infrastructure around Warsaw, the aim of which was to completely block the railway traffic in this area,
two actions aimed at taking over the weapons from German rail transport. The first one on the Skruda railway station (currently Halinów) on the Warsaw - Siedlce route, whose aim was to take over the train carrying the armament to the eastern front. The action was carried out on the night of 11 to 12 September 1943, the other was held at night from 4 to 5 October 1943 at the Dębe Wielkie station,
References
Bibliography
1910 births
1993 deaths
Home Army members
Polish Army officers
Polish Roman Catholics
Warsaw Uprising insurgents
People from Płońsk County
Polish exiles
Polish emigrants to the United States
Polish armed supporters of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising |
Hard Nova is a role-playing video game developed by Malibu Interactive and published by Electronic Arts in 1990 for DOS, Amiga and Atari ST. It is a follow-up to Sentinel Worlds I: Future Magic.
Gameplay
Hard Nova has a character creation element that allows players to choose their gender, and, unlike Sentinel Worlds I, lead a group of mercenaries.
Plot
Reception
The game received 5 out of 5 stars in Dragon. Scorpia of Computer Gaming World opined in 1991 that Hard Nova greatly improved on Sentinel Worlds, and concluded that it "is a pretty decent game, with some interesting touches and a good storyline. While not a long-term epic, it should keep you occupied for awhile". Ken St. Andre wrote in the same issue of CGW that "it is a very good real-time shoot-'em-up game", but that the combat became boring and amoral and the game offered little exploration. In 1993, Scorpia said that Hard Nova was "definitely worth your attention if you like space games".
Reviews
ASM (Aktueller Software Markt) (Dec, 1990)
Australian Commodore and Amiga Review (Feb, 1992)
Amiga Action (Dec, 1991)
ASM (Aktueller Software Markt) (Dec, 1991)
Info (Jan, 1992)
Atari ST User (Dec, 1991)
Joker Verlag präsentiert: Sonderheft (1992)
Amiga Joker (Nov, 1991)
ST Format (Jan, 1992)
CU Amiga (Dec, 1991)
Amiga Format (Nov, 1991)
References
External links
1990 video games
Amiga games
Atari ST games
DOS games
Electronic Arts games
Malibu Interactive games
Role-playing video games
Science fiction video games
Video games with gender-selectable protagonists
Video games developed in the United States |
Viacheslav Sergeyevich Emeliantsev (; born 4 May 1994) is a Russian Paralympic swimmer. He represented Russian Paralympic Committee athletes at the 2020 Summer Paralympics.
Career
Emeliantsev represented the Russian Paralympic Committee athletes at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in the 100 metre backstroke S14 event and won a silver medal and in the 200 metre freestyle S14 event and won a bronze medal.
References
1994 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Yekaterinburg
Medalists at the World Para Swimming Championships
Medalists at the World Para Swimming European Championships
Paralympic swimmers for Russia
Swimmers at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic medalists in swimming
Paralympic gold medalists for the Russian Paralympic Committee athletes
Paralympic silver medalists for the Russian Paralympic Committee athletes
Russian male freestyle swimmers
Russian male backstroke swimmers
S14-classified para swimmers
21st-century Russian people |
Hikayat Amir Hamzah (حكاية أمير حمزه) is a Malay literary work that chronicles the hero by the name Amir Hamzah. This book is one of the two Hikayat mentioned in Sejarah Melayu as one of the Hikayat used to encourage Malay warriors in their fight against invading Portuguese in Malacca in 1511.
The manuscripts were originally written in the classical Malay language on traditional paper in old Jawi script.
Hikayat Amir Hamzah was originally written by a Persian writer with title Qissa’i Emir Hamza or Hamzanama. It was translated into Arabic as Sirat al-Amir Hamzah.
Later, possibly in the fifteenth century, it was taken from India to Malacca (Melaka) during the Malacca Sultanate and translated into Malay in Jawi script. The Malay text, however, came directly from the Persian, particularly because it maintains the identity of Amir Hamzah as uncle of The Prophet. An edition in Latin script was published by A. Samad Ahmad, based on two texts in the Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka collection
Manuscripts are also found in other languages i.e., Javanese as the Serat Menak, Sundanese as Amir Hamjah, Bugis, Balinese, Acehnese, Turkish and Hindi. The story is performed in the Sasak shadow puppet theatre (wayang sasak), the Sundanese stick-puppet theatre (wayang golek) and in other traditional Indonesian performances.
External links
malay concordance project
PDF - Aksara: The Passage of Malay Scripts.
http://www.dawama.com/index.php?ch=20&pg=138&ac=7110&tpt_id=11
References
The Encyclopedia of Malaysia: Languages & Literature, edited by Prof. Dato' Dr Asmah Haji Omar (2004)
History of Malaysia
Malay-language literature
Jawi manuscripts |
Toéghin is a village in the Kombissiri Department of Bazèga Province in central Burkina Faso. The village has a population of 672.
References
Populated places in the Centre-Sud Region
Bazèga Province |
LRCS may refer to:
The ICAO code for Caransebeș Airport
League of Red Cross Societies
Licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons |
Denis Nikolayevich Mashkarin (; born 17 May 1973) is a Russian former professional footballer.
He is most notable for scoring one of the goals in PFC CSKA Moscow's stunning upset victory over FC Barcelona in the qualifying round of the 1992–93 UEFA Champions League. In retirement, he works for a company organising corporate events.
Honours
Soviet Cup finalist: 1992.
Russian Cup finalist: 1993, 1994, 2005.
Kazakhstan Premier League runner-up: 2005.
European club competitions
UEFA Champions League 1992–93 with PFC CSKA Moscow: 8 games, 1 goal.
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1994–95 with PFC CSKA Moscow: 2 games.
UEFA Cup 1996–97 with PFC CSKA Moscow: 4 goals.
UEFA Intertoto Cup 1997 with FC Torpedo-Luzhniki Moscow: 5 games, 2 goals.
External links
1973 births
Footballers from Saint Petersburg
Living people
Soviet men's footballers
Soviet Union men's under-21 international footballers
Russian men's footballers
Russia men's under-21 international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Men's association football defenders
FC Zenit Saint Petersburg players
PFC CSKA Moscow players
FC Torpedo Moscow players
FC Torpedo-2 players
FC Chernomorets Novorossiysk players
FC Khimki players
FC Tobol players
FC Rotor Volgograd players
Soviet First League players
Russian Premier League players
Kazakhstan Premier League players
Russian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Kazakhstan
Russian expatriate sportspeople in Kazakhstan
FC Dynamo Saint Petersburg players |
The Heart of the Andes is a large oil-on-canvas landscape painting by the American artist Frederic Edwin Church (1826–1900). It depicts an idealized landscape in the South American Andes, where Church traveled on two occasions. Measuring more than five feet (1.5 meters) high and almost ten feet (3 meters) wide, its New York City exhibition in 1859 was a sensation, establishing Church as the foremost landscape painter in the United States.
The painting was later exhibited by itself in other eastern U.S. cities. The exhibition rooms featured special lighting and decorative elements reminiscent of the depicted landscape, and the painting was supported by a floor-standing frame. The public was often enchanted by the amount of detail portrayed in it, willing to wait in line and pay a 25-cent entrance fee. Church synthesized numerous topographies of the Andes into his composition, from Mount Chimborazo to a plain and a jungle. In the details, there are numerous animals and indications of human settlement, including people visiting a cross in the left foreground.
The Heart of the Andes has been in the collection of New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art since 1909. Its first sale, to William Tilden Blodgett, broke a price record for a living American artist. It is among Church's most renowned works and an important 19th-century American painting.
Background
In 1853 and 1857, Church traveled in Ecuador and Colombia, financed by businessman Cyrus West Field, who wished to use Church's paintings to lure investors to his South American ventures. Church was inspired by the Prussian naturalist and explorer Alexander von Humboldt, and his 1845 treatise Kosmos. Humboldt was among the last of the great scientific generalists, and his fame became similar to that of Albert Einstein a century later. In the second volume of Kosmos, Humboldt described the influence of landscape painting on the study of the natural world—holding that art is among the highest expressions of the love of nature—and challenging artists to portray the "physiognomy" of the landscape. Church retraced Humboldt's travels in South America.
Description and influences
The Heart of the Andes is a composite of the South American topography observed during his travels. At the center right of the landscape is a shimmering pool served by a waterfall. The snow-capped Mount Chimborazo of Ecuador appears in the distance; the viewer's eye is led to it by the darker, closer slopes that decline from right to left. The evidence of human presence is shown by the lightly worn path, a hamlet and church lying in the central plain, and closer to the foreground, two locals are seen before a cross. The church, a trademark detail in Church's paintings, is Catholic and Spanish-colonial, and seemingly inaccessible from the viewer's location. Church's signature appears cut into the bark of the highlighted foreground tree at left. The play of light on his signature has been interpreted as the artist's statement of man's ability to tame nature—yet the tree appears in poor health compared to the vivid jungle surrounding it.
Church's landscape conformed to the aesthetic principles of the picturesque, as propounded by the British theorist William Gilpin, which began with a careful observation of nature enhanced by particular notions about composition and harmony. The juxtaposition of smooth and irregular forms was an important principle, and is represented in The Heart of the Andes by the rounded hills and pool of water on the one hand, and by the contrasting jagged mountains and rough trees on the other.
The theory of British critic John Ruskin was also an important influence on Church. Ruskin's Modern Painters was a five-volume treatise on art that was, according to American artist Worthington Whittredge, "in every landscape painter's hand" by mid-century. Ruskin emphasized the close observation of nature, and he viewed art, morality, and the natural world as spiritually unified. Following this theme, the painting displays the landscape in detail at all scales, from the intricate foliage, birds, and butterflies in the foreground to the all-encompassing portrayal of the natural environments studied by Church. The presence of the cross suggests the peaceful coexistence of religion with the landscape.
Exhibition
The Heart of the Andes was first exhibited publicly between April 29 and May 23, 1859, at New York's Tenth Street Studio Building, the city's first studio building designed for artists. Church had exhibited single paintings previously, such as Niagara (1857), to much success. The event attracted an unprecedented turnout for a single-painting exhibition in the United States: more than 12,000 people paid an admission fee of twenty-five cents to view the painting. Even on the final day of the showing, patrons waited in line for hours to enter the Exhibition Room.
There is no record of the appearance or arrangement of the Studio Building exhibit. It has been widely claimed, although probably falsely, that the room was decorated with palm fronds and that gaslights with silver reflectors were used to illuminate the painting. More certain is that the painting's casement-window–like "frame" had a breadth of fourteen feet and a height of almost thirteen, which further imposed the painting upon the viewer. It was likely made of brown chestnut, a departure from the prevailing gilt frame. The base of the edifice stood on the ground, ensuring that the landscape's horizon would be displayed at the viewer's eye level. Drawn curtains were fitted, creating the sense of a view out a window. A skylight directed at the canvas heightened the perception that the painting was illuminated from within, as did the dark fabrics draped on the studio walls to absorb light. Opera glasses were provided to patrons to allow examination of the landscape's details, and may have been necessary to satisfactorily view the painting at all, given the crowding in the exhibition room.
Church's canvas had a strong effect on its viewers; a contemporary witness wrote: "women felt faint. Both men and women succumb[ed] to the dizzying combination of terror and vertigo that they recognize[d] as the sublime. Many of them will later describe a sensation of becoming immersed in, or absorbed by, this painting, whose dimensions, presentation, and subject matter speak of the divine power of nature."
Accompanying the admission were two pamphlets about the painting: Theodore Winthrop's A Companion to The Heart of the Andes and the Reverend Louis Legrand Noble's Church's Picture, The Heart of the Andes. In the manner of travel guides, the booklets provided a tour of the painting's varied topography. An excerpt from Noble reads:
Church wanted Humboldt, his intellectual mentor, to see his masterpiece. Close to the end of the first exhibition, on May 9, 1859, he wrote of this desire to American poet Bayard Taylor:
Humboldt, however, died on May 6 so the planned shipment to Europe did not occur. This disappointed Church, but he would soon meet his future wife Isabel at the New York exhibition. Later in 1859, the painting was exhibited in London (July 4 – c. August 14), where it met with similar popularity. Returning to New York City, it was exhibited again from October 10 to December 5. In the next few years, showings occurred in Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Cincinnati, Chicago, and St. Louis. An 1864 exhibition at the Metropolitan Sanitary Fair at New York's Union Square is better documented than the original, with photographs extant.
Reproduction
While the painting was in London, Church's agent arranged to have an engraving of it made by Charles Day & Son, which would allow for broad distribution of reproductions and hence more income. Sometime during this period a watercolor copy of The Heart of the Andes was made. It is not certain who painted the copy, but Church very likely is not the artist; the engraver Richard Woodman or one of his sons has been proposed. The watercolor is now presumed to have originated in Britain and been made for the use of the engraver, William Forrest of Edinburgh. The watercolor is now in the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
Reception and legacy
The painting was widely acclaimed. Poetry was written in its honor, and a composer, George William Warren, dedicated a piece to it in 1863. Mark Twain described the painting to his brother Orion Clemens in a letter of 1860:
The New York Times described the painting's "harmony of design" and "chaos of chords or colors gradually rises upon the enchanted mind a rich and orderly creation, full of familiar objects, yet wholly new in its combinations and its significance."
Church eventually sold the work to William Tilden Blodgett for $10,000—at that time the highest price paid for a work by a living American artist. Moreover, Church reserved the right to re-sell the painting should he receive an offer of at least $20,000. (American landscapist Albert Bierstadt surpassed both prices when he sold The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak for $25,000 in 1865.) Blodgett held the painting until his death in 1875. It was acquired by Margaret Worcester Dows, widow of grain merchant David Dows, and bequeathed to the Metropolitan Museum of Art upon her death in February 1909. In 1993, the museum held an exhibition that attempted to reproduce the conditions of the 1859 exhibit.
Recent descriptions place it within modern thematic discourse, including the tension between art and science, and American territorial expansion. The split between the humanities and the scientific worldview was nascent in 1859: Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species was published later in the same year as Church's painting.
See also
List of paintings by Frederic Edwin Church
References
Notes
Sources
Sachs, Aaron (2007). The Humboldt Current: A European Explorer and His American Disciples. Oxford University Press.
External links
The Metropolitan Museum of Art offers a zoomable view of the painting and photographs of the installation.
1859 paintings
Paintings by Frederic Edwin Church
Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Landscape paintings |
The 1884 Washington Nationals were a baseball team belonging to the Union Association. They were managed by Michael Scanlon and finished in seventh place with a record of 47–65. Their home games were played at Capitol Grounds. The Nationals folded with the rest of the Union Association when it was discontinued after 1884, its only season of operation.
This team is distinct from the other 1884 Washington Nationals franchise, a different team that played in the American Association the same year.
See also
1884 Washington Nationals (UA) season
Washington Nationals (disambiguation)
Washington Senators (disambiguation)
Washington Nationals current MLB team
References and external links
UA Washington Nationals at Baseball Reference
Union Association baseball teams
Defunct baseball teams in Washington, D.C.
Baseball teams disestablished in 1884
Baseball teams established in 1884 |
The Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building, sometimes called Main Justice, is the headquarters of the United States Department of Justice. It houses Department of Justice offices, including the office of the United States Attorney General. The building was completed in 1935. In 2001, it was renamed after Robert F. Kennedy, the 64th Attorney General of the United States.
The building is located at 950 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, on a trapezoidal lot on the block bounded by Pennsylvania Avenue to the north, Constitution Avenue to the south, 9th Street to the east, and 10th Street NW to the west, in the Federal Triangle. It is located west of the National Archives Building, east of the Internal Revenue Service Building, north of the National Mall, and south of the J. Edgar Hoover Building. The building is owned by the General Services Administration. It comprises seven floors and .
History
Construction
The Office of the Attorney General was created by the 1st United States Congress by the Judiciary Act of 1789. In 1792, the Congress made the Attorney General a Cabinet-level post. In 1870, President Ulysses S. Grant signed the bill creating the Department of Justice. Still, there was not yet a permanent home for either the Attorney General or the Justice Department, and each had occupied a succession of temporary spaces in federal government buildings and privately owned office buildings. While plans to provide the department with its own building were developed as early as 1910, it was not until the late 1920s that significant progress was made toward this goal.
In 1908 and in 1928, Congress authorized the purchase of land in what is now known as the Federal Triangle for departmental offices. The authorization was part of a wave of government construction; the 1926 Public Buildings Act permitted the government to hire private architects for the design of federal buildings, which led to large-scale construction of public buildings, including the development of the 70 acre Federal Triangle site between the Capitol and the White House. Treasury Secretary Andrew W. Mellon and the Board of Architectural Consultants, composed of leading architects and headed by Edward H. Bennett of the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett, Parsons & Frost, developed design guidelines for the site. Under Bennett's direction, each member of the board designed one of the buildings in the Federal Triangle complex to "provide each government agency or bureau with a building that would address its functional needs, while combining the individual buildings into a harmonious, monumental overall design expressive of the dignity and authority of the federal government."
Milton Bennett Medary of the Philadelphia firm Zantzinger, Borie & Medary was selected as the architect for the Department of Justice Building; upon Medary's death in 1929, the project was taken over by his two partners Charles L. Borie Jr. and Clarence C. Zantzinger.
In 1930, Congress appropriated $10 million for the construction of a permanent Department of Justice headquarters in the Federal Triangle. The building was constructed from 1931 to 1934. Upon completion in 1935, the building finally provided a headquarters for the Attorney General and Department of Justice. 1% of the cost of its construction was for art; between 1935 and 1941, 68 murals were painted in the building (an example of New Deal art).
Post-construction
In 1966, the Department of Justice building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site.
In 1974, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, which had been headquartered in the same building as the Justice Department, moved into its own headquarters at the J. Edgar Hoover Building across the street on Pennsylvania Avenue.
In 1978, the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC) was established after the passage of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. The court of 11 judges appointed by the Chief Justice of the United States (increased from seven by the USA PATRIOT Act) meets in secret.
Renovations
From March 1998 to January 2006, major renovations to the building took place, including work on plumbing, electrical wiring, heating and cooling, and elevators. The project included replication of original lighting for the building's corridors and other ornamental spaces. A new $3.1 million conference center and "data room" were built, the main library and executive suites were restored, and a new mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) system was installed.
The project's submitting firm and construction manager was the Gilbane Building Company, the architectural firm was Burt Hill Kosar Rittelmann Associates, the structural engineering firm was Delon Hampton Associates, and the mechanical/electrical engineer was H.F. Lenz Company.
Several difficulties were present: The building had to remain operational during renovations, and hazardous materials were involved, with a large-scale asbestos abatement effort, lead paint removal, and the handling of mercury-vapor lamps with PCBs. The Gilbane Building Company established a "stop-work" rule to halt construction when hazardous material was discovered. An additional complication was security concerns, because of sensitive and classified information in the building. According to Building Design & Construction, construction personnel were "classified into three tiers and were permitted access to specific building areas based on these three levels of security clearance." The extensive murals, sculptures, and plaster reliefs in the building were protected with shields during the construction, and temperature, humidity, and dust controls were installed.
The cost of the renovations was $142 million, but the project came in $4.2 million under budget, in part due to significant conservation efforts. Design consultants decided to renovate courtyard plaza and garage structures instead of demolishing them, using 95 percent of existing materials. Cobblestone blocks in the courtyard were "removed, cleaned, refurbished, and reinstalled", with "the foundation of the courtyard's original fountain" being preserved and its pipes and pumps replaced. Further, only the concrete of "questionable integrity around the facility's garage beams" was repaired, instead of having all the concrete replaced. For the plaza deck, the integrity of the concrete structure was tested. Some sections were found to be repairable, preventing them from being rebuilt and diverting 14,520 tons of waste from landfill. Finally, the original foundation and structure building was preserved, which saved 110 tons of waste material and decreased "the risk of penetrating a sensitive waterproofing membrane system." Additional costs were saved through "early buyout": "taking advantage of the purchasing power of the entire four-phase construction job", the construction management firm "was able to secure prices early on in the project that otherwise would have been spent covering the escalating costs of building materials."
These measures allowed the GSA to carry out additional work: "restoration and repointing of the limestone exterior", repair and replacement of the roof, restoration of "ornate painting and plaster", further hazardous materials abatement, and fire code upgrades. Ultimately close to $1 million was returned to the GSA.
Renaming
In 2001, the Department of Justice Main Building was renamed the Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building in honor of Robert F. Kennedy who was Attorney General (1961–1964) under his brother, President John F. Kennedy, and his successor, President Lyndon Johnson. Kennedy was later a U.S. senator from New York and presidential candidate until his assassination in 1968. President George W. Bush directed the General Services Administrator to designate the building as the Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building in a presidential memorandum, and gave the rededication address on November 20, 2001 (Senator Kennedy's birthday). Attorney General John Ashcroft also rededicated it in a speech at the Justice Department.
Today the building retains exceptional historic integrity. The original facades, lobbies, corridors, library, Great Hall, executive suites and private offices retain their original materials and design, including the extensive use of ornamental aluminum.
Design
The design by Zantzinger, Borie, and Medary blends influences from neoclassical (Greek Revival) and Art Deco architectural styles. The design is similar to other Federal Triangle buildings, with an Indiana limestone facade over a steel frame, red-tile hip roof, and colonnades, as well as interior courtyards to provide natural light and ventilation.
The inscription on one of the sides of the Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building is, "Justice is founded in the rights bestowed by nature upon man. Liberty is maintained in security of justice."
It is distinguished from other Federal Triangle buildings by Art Deco elements and the innovative use of aluminum for details that were traditionally cast in bronze. All entrances to the building feature -high aluminum doors that slide into recessed pockets. Interior stair railings, grillwork, and door trim are aluminum, as are Art Deco torchieres, doors for the building's 25 elevators, and more than 10,000 light fixtures.
The building has many distinctive interior spaces, including the Great Hall entry foyer and the Law Library. The two-story Great Hall features Art Deco light fixtures and a terra-cotta tile floor with gray marble borders. The Law Library, located on the fifth floor, is a two-story room distinguished by a pair of tall Art Deco lights and a 20-panel mural by Maurice Sterne.
Art
The building contains the largest historic art collection of any General Services Administration–built facility. Sculpture is integrated into the fabric of the building. Sculptor C. Paul Jennewein was selected to create a unified design concept for the building's exterior and interior spaces, designing 57 sculptural elements for the building. His work ranged from the carved limestone figures for the pediments on the Constitution Avenue facade, to the aluminum Art Deco torchieres and light fixtures throughout the interior. To ensure the themes of the artwork reflected the role of the department within American democracy, Jennewein hired philosopher Hartley Burr Alexander.
The interior of the U.S. Department of Justice building contains many decorative wall paintings. The building's extensive murals depict scenes of daily life from throughout American history and symbolic interpretations or allegories relating to the role of justice in American society. In all, 68 murals were completed between 1935 and 1941, at a cost of $68,000, one percent of the cost of the building. Mural artists include George Biddle, Henry Varnum Poor, John Steuart Curry, Boardman Robinson, Emil Bisttram and Leon Kroll.
The striking, colorful concrete mosaics on the ceilings of the vehicular and pedestrian entryways from 9th and 10th Streets were created by the Washington, D.C. master craftsman John Joseph Earley, an innovator in the aesthetic applications of the material. Visible from the street, these mosaics retain much of the brilliance of their original colors.
A sculpture of the Revolutionary War hero Nathan Hale by Bela Pratt stands on the southern side of the building.
Spirit of Justice
Spirit of Justice is a cast aluminum Art Deco statue designed by Jennewein. It depicts Lady Justice (a woman wearing a toga-like dress with one breast revealed and arms raised) and stands on display along with its male counterpart Majesty of Law in the Great Hall. Unlike many representations of Lady Justice, Spirit of Justice wears no blindfold to symbolize blind justice. The statue measures 12.5 feet (150 inches) and was commissioned in 1933 at a cost of $7000, and has stood with Majesty of Law in the Great Hall since 1936.
In 1986, the statue was seen behind then-Attorney General Edwin Meese during a press conference as he discussed the final report of the Attorney General's Commission on Pornography (Meese Report). According to the Associated Press, "photographers dived to the floor to capture the image of him raising the report in the air, with the partially nude female statue behind him".
In 2002, under Attorney General John Ashcroft, curtains were famously put up blocking the bare-breasted statue from view during speeches. According to Justice Department spokesman Shane Hix, the department spent $8,000 to purchase blue drapes to hide them. Under Ashcroft the department had previously rented blue drapes at a cost of $2,000 every time the agency had a formal event. ABC News reported that Ashcroft had ordered the statues covered because he did not like being photographed in front of them, but Hix insisted that the Attorney General was not aware of the change and that the nudity on the statue was not the reason for the purchase, citing instead "aesthetic" reasons, such as the background for television cameras. Later, however, internal e-mails surface referred to "hiding the statues" and "the episode was quickly seized upon by pundits and satirists as a symbol of Ashcroft's allegedly puritanical and censorious bearing." Journalist and writer Claire Braz-Valentine wrote an open lyrical letter to Ashcroft, which included the lines "John, John, John,/you've got your priorities all wrong."
Ashcroft joked about the incident on the Late Show with David Letterman in April 2002. In May 2007, the "Inside Washington" column in National Journal reported that Monica Goodling, a former aide to Ashcroft, was responsible for the covering of the statue.
The curtains were removed on June 24, 2005, under Ashcroft's successor Alberto Gonzales. Justice Department spokesman Kevin Madden was quoted as saying that "the decision to remove the drapes was made by Paul Corts, assistant attorney general for administration, and that Attorney General Alberto R. Gonzales 'agreed with the recommendation."
See also
Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium, a multi-purpose stadium in Washington, D.C.
Harry S Truman Building, Washington, D.C. headquarters of the State Department
Notes
Attribution
This article incorporates text from the General Services Administration, which is public domain as a work of the United States federal government.
External links
Art Deco architecture in Washington, D.C.
Buildings of the United States government in Washington, D.C.
Neoclassical architecture in Washington, D.C.
Government buildings completed in 1934
Greek Revival architecture in Washington, D.C.
Historic district contributing properties in Washington, D.C.
Office buildings in Washington, D.C.
United States Department of Justice
Government buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.
1934 establishments in Washington, D.C.
Federal Triangle |
Ouffouédiékro is a village in central Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Lolobo in the Attiégouakro Department of the Autonomous District of Yamoussoukro.
Ouffouédiékro was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.
Notes
Former communes of Ivory Coast
Populated places in Yamoussoukro |
The behavior of quantum dots (QDs) in solution and their interaction with other surfaces is of great importance to biological and industrial applications, such as optical displays, animal tagging, anti-counterfeiting dyes and paints, chemical sensing, and fluorescent tagging. However, unmodified quantum dots tend to be hydrophobic, which precludes their use in stable, water-based colloids. Furthermore, because the ratio of surface area to volume in a quantum dot is much higher than for larger particles, the thermodynamic free energy associated with dangling bonds on the surface is sufficient to impede the quantum confinement of excitons. Once solubilized by encapsulation in either a hydrophobic interior micelle or a hydrophilic exterior micelle, the QDs can be successfully introduced into an aqueous medium, in which they form an extended hydrogel network. In this form, quantum dots can be utilized in several applications that benefit from their unique properties, such as medical imaging and thermal destruction of malignant cancers.
Quantum dots
Quantum dots (QDs) are nano-scale semiconductor particles on the order of 2-10 nm in diameter. They possess electrical properties between those of bulk semi-conductors and individual molecules, as well as optical characteristics that make them suitable for applications where fluorescence is desirable, such as medical imaging. Most QDs synthesized for medical imaging are in the form of CdSe(ZnS) core(shell) particles. CdSe QDs have been shown to possess optical properties superior to organic dyes. The ZnS shell has a two-fold effect:
to interact with dangling bonds that would otherwise result in particle aggregation, loss of visual resolution, and impedance of quantum confinement effects
to further increase the fluorescence of the particles themselves.
Problems with CdSe(ZnS) quantum dots
Despite their potential for use as contrast agents for medical imaging techniques, their use in vivo is hindered by the cytotoxicity of Cadmium. To address this issue, methods have been developed to “wrap” or “encapsulate” potentially-toxic QDs in bio-inert polymers to facilitate use in living tissue. While Cd-free QDs are commercially available, they are unsuitable for use as a substitute for organic contrasts. Another issue with CdSe(ZnS) nanoparticles is significant hydrophobicity, which hinders their ability to enter solution with aqueous media, such as blood or spinal fluid. Certain hydrophilic polymers could be used to render the dots water-soluble.
Synthesizing the encapsulant polymer
Rf-PEG synthesis
One notable quantum dot encapsulation technique involves utilizing a double fluoroalkyl-ended polyethylene glycol molecule (Rf-PEG) as a surfactant, which will spontaneously form micellular structures at its critical micelle concentration (CMC). The critical micelle concentration of the Rf-PEG depends on the length of the PEG portion of the polymer. This molecule consists of a hydrophilic PEG backbone with two hydrophilic terminal groups (CnF2n+1-CH2CH2O) attached via isophorone diurethane. It is synthesized by dehydrating a solution of 1,3-dimethyl-5-fluorouracil and PEG, mixing them in the presence of heavy water (D2O) via a sonicator to combine then.
Micellization
At the appropriate Krafft temperature and critical micelle concentration these molecules will form individual tear-drop loops, where the hydrophobic ends are attracted to one another, to other molecules, and also to the similarly hydrophobic QDs. This forms a loaded micelle with a hydrophilic outer shell and a hydrophobic core.
When encapsulating hydrophobes in this way it is important to ensure the particle size is appropriate for the PEG backbone being utilized, as the number of PEG mer units (generally with a MW of 6K or 10K Daltons) determines the maximum particle size that can be successfully contained at the core of the micelle.
To determine the average diameter, D, of the QDs, the following empirical equation is used:
Where
is the diameter of the CdSe QD in nm
is the wavelength of the first absorption peak in nm
Role of ZnS shell
It is during encapsulation that the ZnS shell plays an especially important role, in that it helps prevent the agglomeration of CdSe particles that had no shell by occupying the previously mentioned bonds on the dot's surface; however, clumping can still occur through secondary forces that arise from common hydrophobicity. This can result in multiple particles within each micelle, which may negatively impact overall resolution. For this reason multiple combinations of PEG chain length and particle diameter are necessary to achieve optimal imaging properties.
Hydrogel network
After initial encapsulation the remaining molecules form connections between the individual micelles to form a network within the aqueous media called a hydrogel, creating a diffuse and relatively constant concentration of the encapsulated particle within the gel. The formation of hydrogels is a phenomenon observed in superabsorbent polymers, or "slush powders," in which the polymer, often in the form of a powder, absorbs water, becoming up to 99% liquid and 30-60 times larger in size.
Stokes-Einstein equation
The diffusivity of spherical particles in a suspension is approximated by the Stokes–Einstein equation:
where
is the temperature
is the particle radius
is the Boltzmann constant
is the hydrogel viscosity
Typical Rf-PEG hydrogel diffusivities for 2 nm quantum dots are on the order of 10−16 m2/s, so suspensions of quantum dots tend to be very stable. Hydrogel viscosity can be determined by using rheological techniques.
Micelle rheology
When encapsulating hydrophobic or potentially toxic materials it is important that the encapsulant remain intact while inside the body. Studying the rheological properties of the micelles permits identification and selection of the polymer that is most appropriate for use in long-term biological applications. Rf-PEG exhibits superior rheological properties when used in vivo.
Importance of Polymer Length
The properties of the polymer are influenced by the chain length. The correct chain length ensures that the encapsulant is not released over time. Avoiding the release of QDs and other toxic particles is critical to prevent unintentional cell necrosis in patients.
The length of the polymer is controlled by two factors:
Weight of the PEG backbone in Daltons, represented by #K (thousands of Daltons)
Length of the hydrophobic ends, denoted by the number of carbon atoms in the terminal group (C#).
Increasing the PEG length increases the solubility of the polymer. However, if the PEG chain is too long the micelle will become unstable. It has been observed that a stable hydrogel can only be formed with PEG backbones weighing between six and ten thousand Daltons.
On the other hand, increasing the length of the hydrophobic terminal groups decreases aqueous solubility. For a given PEG weight, if the hydrophobe is too short the polymer will just dissolve into the solution, and if it is too long the polymer won't dissolve at all. Generally, two end groups result in the highest conversion into micelles (91%):
Maxwell fluid
At molecular weights between 6 thousand and 10 thousand Daltons the Rf-PEG hydrogel acts as a Maxwell material, which means the fluid has both viscosity and elasticity. This is determined by measuring the plateau modulus, the elastic modulus for a viscoelastic polymer is constant or "relaxed" when deformed, at a range of frequencies via oscillatory rheology. Plotting the first- vs second-order integrals of the modulus values, a Cole-Cole plot is obtained, which, when fitted to a Maxwell model, provides the following relationship:
Where
is the plateau modulus
is the oscillation frequency in radians per second
Mechanical properties of common Rf-PEG molecules
Based on the Maxwellian behavior of the hydrogel and observations of erosion via surface plasmon resonance (SPR), the following data results for 3 common Rf-PEG types at their specified concentrations:
XKCY denotes X thousand Daltons of molecular mass and Y carbon atoms.
These values can give us information on the degree of entanglement (or degree of cross linking, depending on what polymer is being considered). In general, higher degrees of entanglement leads to higher time required for the polymer to return to the undeformed state or relaxation times.
Applications
Hydrogel encapsulation of the QDs opens up a new range of applications, such as:
Biosensors
Enzymes and other bio-active molecules serve as biorecognition units while QDs serve as signalling units. By adding enzymes to the QD hydrogel network both units can be combined to form a biosensor. The enzymatic reaction that detects a particular molecule causes the fluoresce of QDs to be quenched. In this way, the location of molecules of interest can be observed.
Cell Influence and Imaging
Adding iron oxide nanoparticles to the QD micelles allows them to be fluorescent and magnetic. These micelles can be moved in a magnetic field to create concentration gradients that will influence a cell's processes.
Gold Hyperthermia
When excited by high energy radiation, such as with a laser, gold nanoparticles emit a thermal field. This phenomenon can be used as a form of hyperthermia therapy to destroy malignant cancers without damaging surrounding tissues. When combined with QDs in a hydrogel this could facilitate real-time monitoring of the tumor treatment.
See also
Hydrophobe
Thermodynamics of micellization
Krafft temperature
Surfactants
Detergent
Entropic force
Cole–Cole equation
References
Surface science
Quantum dots |
Ras Lanuf ( ( , also: Ra’s al-Unūf )) is a Mediterranean town in northern Libya, on the Gulf of Sidra in Tripolitania. The town is also home to the Ra's Lanuf Refinery, completed in 1984, with a crude oil refining capacity of . The oil refinery is operated by the Ra's Lanuf Oil & Gas Processing Company, a subsidiary of the state-owned National Oil Corporation. Additionally, the city houses the Ra's Lanuf petrochemical complex – a major oil terminal – and oil pipelines: the Amal–Ra's Lanuf, the Messla–Ra's Lanuf, and the Defa-Ra's Lanuf pipeline.
History
Classical
Ras Lanouf was part of the Greek Pentapolis colonies. The traditional western boundary of the Pentapolis lay at Arae Philaenorum. Some historians claim it is 40 km west of El Agheila, while others place Arae Philaenorum near Ra's Lanuf, and the modern Italian commemorative arch featuring the Philaeni stood here before its destruction in 1973.
World War II
On 3 April 1941 there was a British war communiqué that in the North Africa Campaign in World War II in the night of 1 April 1941 Allied bomber aircraft heavily attacked German/Italian motor transport at Ra's Lanuf and destroyed many vehicles.
Growth under Gaddafi
Beginning in 1984, a major urban development program for Ra's Lanuf was initiated by the Brega and Ras Lanuf Higher Committee to accommodate employees of the nearby oil industries, and envisaged for 40,000 inhabitants. The general design of the town layout was to be linear, following the coast and allowing extensive views and easy physical connection with the sea from all parts of town.
The town's structure was based on a functional hierarchy, containing three centers forming public zones with community facilities extending to the Mediterranean coast; these are in turn surrounded by high-rise housing blocks. A pedestrian route links different public, commercial, and recreational facilities to residential areas. The project was carried out by Devecon Engineers and Architects.
Libyan Civil War
On 4 March 2011 after heavy fighting, anti-Gaddafi Libyan rebels captured Ra's Lanuf. The rebel advance was halted in the Battle of Bin Jawad and a counter-offensive by government forces opened the second phase of the Battle of Ra's Lanuf. After a heavy bombardment from air, land, and sea the government forces retook the city on 10 March. On 27 March rebels retook control of Ra's Lanuf as part of a rapid advance as 24 hours earlier they had retaken the strategic towns of Brega and Ajdabiya, but within a matter of days rebel forces retreated from the city once more in the face of a new government counter-offensive. On 23 August, rebels recaptured Ra's Lanuf from government loyalists and continued their advance towards Bin Jawad and Sirte; however, sporadic fighting continued in Ra's Lanuf into September.
Administrative governance
Under the Ottoman Empire, Ra's Lanuf was part of Tripolitania under Italy after 1934, then occupied by the British as again part of Tripolitania. In 1983 it became part of the Bin Jawad District. Since 1987, it has been under the Sirte District.
Economy
Ra's Lanuf is an import center for the petrochemical industry. The Ra's Lanuf Refinery has a capacity of . It is a part of larger petrochemical complex consisting of an ethylene plant, a polyethylene plant, plant utilities, and the Port of Ra's Lanuf. The Port of Ra's Lanuf consists of a small harbor, operated by the Veba Oil Company and RASCO. Its primary activities include loading crude oil and oil products. It has a maximum draft of 22 meters and is about west of the Benina International Airport.
Ra's Lanuf is the terminus of the Defa-Ra's Lanuf oil pipeline and the Majid-Nafora-Amal-Ra's Lanuf oil pipeline.
Ra's Lanuf has two airports: Ra's Lanuf Oil (Code:HLNF) and Matratin (Code:FR3803).
Ra's Lanuf is to be a station on the new national railway system of Libya. In addition it is to be a construction base for the section to be built by Russian engineers, with a port for the delivery of supplies. The port will be connected to the base by a branch line.
Nearby cities and towns
Sidra ( west)
Bin Jawad ( west)
El Agheila ( east)
Qaryat Bishr ( east)
Brega ( east)
Zella ( south)
Marada ( south)
See also
List of cities in Libya
Notes
External links
GPCO Website
اللجنة الشعبية العامة للمالية (= General People's Committee of Finance)
Libya: Country Profile
http://www.RasLanuf.com
Port cities and towns in Libya
Gulf of Sidra
Populated places in Sirte District
Populated coastal places in Libya
Tripolitania
Ports and harbors of Libya |
XHARO-FM is a community radio station in Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl, State of Mexico, broadcasting on 104.5 FM. The permit for the station is held by Radio Aro, A.C., and the station is known as Radio Rélax. XHARO is a member of AMARC México.
History
The station signed on in March 2010 after soliciting a permit late in 2008.
Notes
References
Radio stations in the State of Mexico
Community radio stations in Mexico
Radio stations established in 2010 |
Estanislao Medina Huesca (born 1990) is an Equatorial Guinean writer. He was born in Malabo, and studied in Malabo, Segovia and Madrid. Medina has written several books, including Barlock: Los hijos del gran búho, El albino Micó and Suspéh: Memorias de un expandillero. In 2021, he was named by Granta magazine as one of the twenty-five best young writers under the age of thirty-five (35) in the Spanish language. He was part of a delegation of 14 representatives of "African Literature" at the 18th Fliven event. He has also been awarded with the AEGLE Miguel de Cervantes Literary Prize.
References
Equatoguinean novelists
1990 births
Living people
People from Malabo |
Henry Augustus Brudenell-Bruce, 5th Marquess of Ailesbury (11 April 1842 – 10 March 1911), styled Lord Henry Bruce from 1878 to 1894, was a British soldier, businessman and Conservative politician.
Early life
Ailesbury was the third son of Ernest Brudenell-Bruce, 3rd Marquess of Ailesbury, and his wife the Hon. Louisa Elizabeth, daughter of John Horsley-Beresford, 2nd Baron Decies. He was educated at Windlesham House School and Eton College.
Career
He served in the British Army and achieved the rank of captain in the 9th Regiment of Foot and lieutenant colonel in the 3rd Battalion of the Duke of Edinburgh's Wiltshire Regiment. Between 1886 and 1892 he sat as Member of Parliament for Chippenham. He was also chairman of Meux & Co, brewers. In 1894 he succeeded to the marquessate on the early death of his nephew and took his seat in the House of Lords.
Family
Lord Ailesbury married, in 1870, Georgiana Sophia Maria Pinckney, daughter of George Henry Pinckney, of Tawstock, Devon. She died in London on 23 June 1902. They had three children, Lady Ernestine Mary Alma Georgiana (6 September 1871 – 18 May 1953), George William James Chandos Brudenell-Bruce, 6th Marquess of Ailesbury (21 May 1873 – 4 August 1961), and Lady Violet Louisa Marjory (1 March 1880 – 26 August 1923). Lady Marjory married James Binney of Pampisford Hall, Cambridgeshire and had three children, Merlin Brudenell Binney(1908), Olivia Rowena Binney(1910) and Hector Danneskiold Brudenell Binney(1919). Ailesbury remained a widower until his death in March 1911, aged 68. He was succeeded in the marquessate by his son George.
Notes
References
Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,
External links
1842 births
1911 deaths
Brudenell Bruce, Henry, Lord
Brudenell Bruce, Henry, Lord
Ailesbury, M5
Royal Norfolk Regiment officers
Wiltshire Regiment officers
Henry
Earls of Cardigan
5
People educated at Windlesham House School |
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Clare Mary Francis (born 17 April 1946) is a British novelist who in her first career as a yachtswoman has twice sailed across the Atlantic on her own. She was the first woman to captain a successful boat on the Whitbread Around the World race.
Early life
Francis was born in Thames Ditton in Surrey and spent summer holidays on the Isle of Wight, where she learned to sail. She was educated at the Royal Ballet School, then gained a degree in economics at University College London.
Sailing
In 1973, after working in marketing for three years, she took leave to sail singlehandedly across the Atlantic in the Nicholson 32 Gulliver G, departing from Falmouth in Cornwall and arriving, 37 days later, at Newport, Rhode Island. Following this, she received sponsorship to take part in the 1974 Round Britain Race with Eve Bonham, again in Gulliver G. They finished in third place. In 1975, she took part in the Azores and Back and the L'Aurore singlehanded races; and, in 1976, she competed in the Observer Singlehanded Transatlantic Race in her Ohlson 38 yacht Robertson's Golly, finishing thirteenth overall and setting a new women's single-handed transatlantic record. She also took part in that year's L'Aurore singlehanded race. During 1977 and 1978, she became the first woman to skipper a yacht in the Whitbread Round the World Race, finishing in fifth place in her Swan 65 ADC Accutrac.
Personal life
Francis married a draughtsman named Jacques Redon in 1977. He became a crew member on her yacht. They divorced in 1986. The marriage produced one child. Francis suffers from chronic fatigue syndrome and is a trustee of the UK charity Action for ME.
Writing
After writing three accounts of her sailing experiences, she turned to fiction and is the author of eight best-sellers.
Publications
Fiction
Night Sky (1983)
Red Crystal (1985)
Wolf Winter (1987)
Requiem (1989)
The Killing Winds (1992)
Deceit (1993)
Betrayal (1995)
A Dark Devotion (1997)
Keep Me Close (1999)
A Death Divided (2001)
Homeland (2003)
Unforgotten (2008)
Short stories
"The Holiday" (2005), published in The Detection Collection, edited by Simon Brett.
Non-fiction
Woman Alone (1977)
Come Hell or High Water (1977)
Come Wind or Weather (1978)
The Commanding Sea (1981)
As editor
A Feast of Stories (1996 anthology; co-edited)
References
External links
Clare Francis's website
Photos of Robertson's Golly
1946 births
Living people
Members of the Order of the British Empire
People from Thames Ditton
People educated at the Royal Ballet School
Alumni of University College London
English female sailors (sport)
Single-handed sailors
Volvo Ocean Race sailors
Circumnavigators of the globe
20th-century British women writers
21st-century British women writers
British women novelists
20th-century English novelists
21st-century English novelists
People with chronic fatigue syndrome |
Silayugathile Sthreekal is a 1996 Indian Malayalam film, directed by RS Suresh.
Cast
References
External links
1996 films
1990s Malayalam-language films |
Dalić () is a Croatian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Martina Dalić (born 1967), Croatian economist
Zlatko Dalić (born 1966), Croatian footballer and manager
Surnames of Croatian origin
Slavic-language surnames
Patronymic surnames |
Ljubljansko Posavje (Ljubljana Sava valley) is the common name for villages along the Sava River and near the city of Ljubljana. The name of the village indicates Kleče, Savlje, Ježica, Mala vas, Črnuče, Stožice, Tomačevo and Jarše. The name was previously used quite frequently, until the village maintained its identity. After the Second World War, the village began to melt with the city and name has been maintained mainly in the appointment of the Posavje District, which includes Stožice, Kleče, Savlje, Mala vas, Ježica and residential blocks BS 7.
Geography of Ljubljana |
Terrence Philip Julian Forrestal (13 May 1948 – 10 June 2000) was an English actor, stuntman and BASE jumper.
Born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire, to
Irish parents, he attended Finchley Catholic Grammar School. He served in the British Armed Forces in Northern Ireland, among other places.
He was a stuntman and stunt coordinator since the 1970s. He was also a technical advisor and occasionally an actor on films and TV. His best-known work includes Bond films Moonraker, Octopussy, Never Say Never Again, and GoldenEye, as well as Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, Batman (1989), Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves, Braveheart, Titanic and Elizabeth.
He died in a BASE jumping accident on 10 June 2000, in Lysefjord, Norway, aged 52.
Filmography
References
External links
1948 births
2000 deaths
English male film actors
English male television actors
English stunt performers
People from Chesterfield, Derbyshire
Special Air Service soldiers
Accidental deaths in Norway
BASE jumping deaths
20th-century English male actors
People educated at Finchley Grammar School
English people of Irish descent |
Neocollyris orichalcina is a species in the tiger beetle family Cicindelidae. It was described by Horn in 1896.
References
Orichalcina, Neocollyris
Beetles described in 1896 |
Nagendra Ray, also commonly known as Anant Maharaj, is an Indian politician belonging to the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was elected to the Rajya Sabha the upper house of the Indian Parliament unopposed from West Bengal.
Background
Demand for separate state
Maharaj demand for separate Cooch state . But after become MP of Rajya Sabha he changed his demand.
Political influence
Entry into electoral politics
Rai was nominated by the Bharatiya Janata Party as its candidate for the Rajya Sabha election in 2023.
See also
Gorkhaland movement
References
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from West Bengal
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Rajya Sabha members from West Bengal |
Rebecca S. Dresser (born 5 April 1952) is an American legal scholar and medical ethicist.
Dresser earned a bachelor of arts degree in psychology and sociology at Indiana University Bloomington in 1973, followed by a master's of science in education at the same institution in 1975. She then graduated from Harvard Law School in 1979. She began teaching at the Washington University in St. Louis in 1983, was appointed Daniel Noyes Kirby Professor of Law, and granted emeritus status upon retirement. Between 1992 and 1993, Dresser returned to Harvard as faculty fellow of the Safra Center for Ethics.
She was diagnosed with cancer of the head and neck in 2006.
Selected publications
References
American legal scholars
Indiana University Bloomington alumni
Harvard Law School alumni
Living people
Washington University in St. Louis faculty
American ethicists
Medical ethicists
American women legal scholars
1952 births |
"Nebridius" was also the name of a close friend of Augustine of Hippo, who is mentioned in his letters.
Saint Nebridius (, ) was bishop of Egara (Terrassa) (516–527) and then bishop of Barcelona from 540 to around 547 AD. His feast day falls on 9 February. A native of Girona, Nebridius, according to tradition, had three brothers who were also saints. They were Saint Justus, bishop of Urgell; Saint Elpidius; and Saint Justinian. He was very learned and wrote interpretations of the Scriptures. He also wrote a work called In cantica canticorum about the church chants. He was a Benedictine.
Notes
Catalan Roman Catholic saints
Medieval Spanish saints
Bishops of Barcelona
6th-century bishops in the Visigothic Kingdom
547 deaths
People from Terrassa
Spanish Benedictines
6th-century Christian saints
Year of birth unknown
6th-century writers in Latin |
Mangelia ahuiri is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Mangeliidae.
Description
The length of the shell attains 8 mm.
Distribution
This marine species occurs off the Western Sahara and Morocco.
References
Cossignani T. & Ardovini R. (2011) Una nuova specie di Mangelia dal Marocco Atlantico. Malacologia Mostra Mondiale 71: 10. page(s): 10
External links
ahuiri
Gastropods described in 2011 |
Pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) is a predictive measurement of a stainless steel's resistance to localized pitting corrosion based on its chemical composition. In general: the higher PREN-value, the more resistant is the stainless steel to localized pitting corrosion by chloride.
PREN is frequently specified when stainless steels will be exposed to seawater or other high chloride solutions. In some instances stainless steels with PREN-values > 32 may provide useful resistance to pitting corrosion in seawater, but is dependent on optimal conditions. However, crevice corrosion is also a significant possibility and a PREN > 40 is typically specified for seawater service.
These alloys need to be manufactured and heat treated correctly to be seawater corrosion resistant to the expected level. PREN alone is not an indicator of corrosion resistance. The value should be calculated for each heat to ensure compliance with minimum requirements, this is due to chemistry variation within the specified composition limits.
PREN formulas (w/w)
There are several PREN formulas. They commonly range from:
PREN = %Cr + 3.3 × %Mo + 16 × %N
to:
PREN = %Cr + 3.3 × %Mo + 30 × %N.
There are a few stainless steels which add tungsten (W), for those the following formula is used:
PREN = %Cr + 3.3 × (%Mo + 0.5 × %W ) + 16 × %N
All % values of elements must be expressed by mass, or weight (wt. %), and not by volume. Tolerance on element measurements could be ignored as the PREN value is indicative only.
Pitting resistance measurement
Exact pitting test procedures are specified in the ASTM G48 standard.
References
Corrosion
Stainless steel |
Éire Nua, or "New Ireland", was a proposal supported by the Provisional IRA and Sinn Féin during the 1970s and early 1980s for a federal United Ireland. The proposal was particularly associated with the Dublin-based leadership group centred on Ruairí Ó Brádaigh and Dáithí Ó Conaill, who were the authors of the policy.
Éire Nua is still supported by the Continuity IRA, Republican Sinn Féin, Na Fianna Éireann and Cumann na mBan.
Ideology
Éire Nua envisaged an all-Ireland republic that would be created when the British withdrew from Northern Ireland. It also involved the dissolution of the existing Republic of Ireland, which many republicans considered an illegitimate entity imposed by the British in 1922. Under Éire Nua, Ireland would become a federal state with parliaments for each of its four historic provinces, as well as a central parliament based in Athlone.
The purpose of the federal structure was twofold. Firstly, it was intended to show unionists in Northern Ireland that they would have some kind of self-government in a united Ireland. This would be achieved by the provision of a parliament, Dáil Uladh, for Ulster. However, by including all of historic Ulster—nine counties instead of the six in Northern Ireland—it was intended that the unionist majority would be slim enough to prevent abuses against the Catholic/nationalist population in the province.
Secondly, the federal parliaments were intended to redress the economic imbalance between the eastern and western parts of Ireland, and was hoped to enable prosperity in the poorer west of the country.
Irish reactions and decline in popularity
Many members of Sinn Féin, particularly in Northern Ireland, objected to Éire Nua on the grounds that it would perpetuate the dominance of Protestant unionists in the north of the country. Despite this, Éire Nua committees were established at least in Ulster and Connacht, largely due to the efforts of Desmond Fennell and Emmett O'Connell. Nevertheless, the scheme was dismissed as unworkable by some influential Republicans. When Northern Republicans grouped around Gerry Adams gained control of the IRA and Sinn Féin in the late 1970s, they attacked the policy. In 1982, the Sinn Féin Ard Fheis voted to drop the policy, and the following year all reference to it in the Sinn Féin Constitution and rules was removed, and it was removed as the policy of the Republican movement in favour of the creation of a unitary Irish Republic.
Ó Brádaigh and his supporters walked out of the 1986 Ard Fheis after a motion was passed that ended the Republican policy of abstentionism to the Oireachtas and reconvened the Ard Fheis at the West County Hotel in the village of Chapelizod just west of Dublin. Henceforth referring to itself as Republican Sinn Féin to distinguish itself from former associates, the party still advocates the Éire Nua agenda.
Foreign reactions
United Kingdom
United States
The reaction of the US administration to Éire Nua was mixed. Due in large part to Irish-American pressure at home, a synopsis of Éire Nua was entered into the Congressional Record as a solution that "merits consideration" to the crisis in Ireland. Officials in Ireland were less optimistic, placing more hope in the Sunningdale Agreement.
See also
Home Rule All Round
References
External links
The Irish Left Archive: Provisional Sinn Féin, Éire Nua Document January 1971 Cedar Lounge Revolution review of the document (with PDF).
1979 Version of Éire Nua
2011 Version of Éire Nua
Cumann na Saoirse Náısıúnta Éire Nua Committee
1970s in Irish politics
Constitutional amendments
Continuity Irish Republican Movement
Federalism by country
Irish republicanism
National unifications
Northern Ireland peace process
Political schisms
Politics of Ireland
Proposed countries
Provisional Irish Republican Army
Sinn Féin |
Thallous malonate is a chemical compound composed mainly of Thallium. It is an extremely hazardous substance and is on the List of extremely hazardous substances.
References
Malonates
Thallium(I) compounds |
Dr. R. Latha Devi is an Indian politician from Kerala. She represented Chadayamangalam constituency in 10th Kerala Legislative Assembly.
Early life and education
Dr. R. Latha Devi was born to C.N. Raghavan Pillai and C. Devakiamma on 30 July 1963 at Charipparampu, Ittiva Panchayat (Kollam District). She did her schooling at Govt. Higher School Kadakkal and pursued her higher education from SN college Kollam and University College Thiruvananthapuram. The CPI leader secured 1st rank in MA history and later completed her Ph.D. in 2003, both from the University of Kerala. She worked as the Associate professor (Dept. of History) in SN college Varkala until 2019.
Political career
She was an active member of the All India Students Federation (AISF) and All India Youth Federation (AIYF) during her student days and later became State Vice President and women’s wing convener of these organizations. She came to the limelight by leading thirty-three days long women’s foot march in the year 1988 for overall development and employment organized by AIYF covering more than 600kms from Kasarkode to Thiruvananthapuram, which was the first of its kind in Kerala by a youth organization.
In the year 1996, she successfully contested from Chadayamangalam assembly constituency and became a member of the 10th Kerala Legislative Assembly. The CPI leader has held several positions such as National council member of All India Kisan Sabha (AIKS), member of syndicate (University of Kerala), member of CPI Kerala State Executive, and was President of various organizations such as Kerala Mahila Sangham (NFIW), Kerala Mahila Pradhan and SAS Union (AITUC), Progressive Federation of College Teachers. She is presently a member of the CPI State Council and State Joint Secretary of Kerala Mahila Sangham (NFIW).
Personal life
She is married to Adv. G.R. Anil who is currently serving as Minister handling portfolios of Legal metrology, Consumer Affairs, Food, and Civil supplies in the Pinarayi Vijayan Government.
References
Women in Kerala politics
Communist Party of India politicians from Kerala
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Kerala MLAs 1996–2001 |
The radiated tortoise (Astrochelys radiata) is a tortoise species in the family Testudinidae. Although this species is native to and most abundant in southern Madagascar, it can also be found in the rest of this island, and has been introduced to the islands of Réunion and Mauritius. It is a very long-lived species, with recorded lifespans of up to 188 years. These tortoises are classified as critically endangered by the IUCN, mainly because of the destruction of their habitat and because of poaching.
Description
Adults typically have a carapace length of and weigh . The largest individuals tend to be males.
This species has the basic "tortoise" body shape, which consists of the high-domed carapace, a blunt head, and elephantine feet. The legs, feet, and head are yellow except for a variably sized black patch on top of the head.
The carapace of the radiated tortoise is brilliantly marked with yellow lines radiating from the center of each dark plate of the shell, hence its name. This "star" pattern is more finely detailed and intricate than the normal pattern of other star-patterned tortoise species, such as Geochelone elegans of India.
The radiated tortoise is also larger than G. elegans, and the scutes of the carapace are smooth, and not raised up into a bumpy, pyramidal shape as is commonly seen in the latter species. Sexual dimorphism is slight. Compared to females, male radiated tortoises usually have longer tails and the notches beneath their tails are more noticeable.
Lifespan
The species is long-lived. The oldest radiated tortoise ever recorded with certainty was Tu'i Malila, which died at an estimated age of 188.
Range and distribution
Radiated tortoises occur naturally only in the extreme southern and southwestern part of the island of Madagascar. They have also been introduced to the nearby island of Reunion. They prefer dry regions of brush, thorn (Diderae) forests, and woodlands of southern Madagascar.
As the radiated tortoises are herbivores, grazing constitutes 80–90% of their diets, while they also eat fruits and succulent plants. A favorite food in the wild is the Opuntia cactus. They are known to graze regularly in the same area, thus keeping the vegetation in that area closely trimmed. They seem to prefer new growth rather than mature growth because of the high-protein, low-fiber content.
Reproduction
Males first mate upon attaining lengths of about 12 in (31 cm); females may need to be a few inches longer. The male begins this fairly noisy procedure by bobbing his head and smelling the female's hind legs and cloaca. In some cases, the male may lift the female up with the front edge of his shell to keep her from moving away.
The male then proceeds to mount the female from the rear while striking the anal region of his plastron against the female's carapace. Hissing and grunting by the male during mating is common. This is a very dangerous procedure and cases have been recorded where the female's shell has cracked and pierced the vaginal and anal cavities. Females lay from three to twelve eggs in a previously excavated hole 6–8 in (15–20 cm) deep, and then depart.
Incubation is quite long in this species, lasting usually between 5 and 8 months. Juveniles are between 1.2 and 1.6 inches (3.2 and 4 cm) upon hatching. Unlike the yellow coloration of the adults, the juveniles are a white to an off-white shade. Juveniles attain the high-domed carapace soon after hatching.
Conservation
These tortoises are critically endangered due to habitat loss, being poached for food, and being overexploited in the pet trade. It is listed on CITES Appendix I, commercial trade in wild-caught specimens is illegal (permitted only in exceptional licensed circumstances). However, due to the poor economic conditions of Madagascar, many of the laws are largely ignored.
No estimates of wild populations are available, but their numbers are declining, and many authorities see the potential for a rapid decline to extinction in the wild. In the North American studbook, 332 specimens are listed as participating in captive-breeding programs such as the Species Survival Plan. Captive breeding has shown great promise as in the captive-breeding program for the radiated tortoise at the New York Zoological Society's Wildlife Survival Center. In 2005, the Wildlife Survival Center was closed, and the radiated tortoise captive-breeding program was continued with the inception of the Behler Chelonian Center, the Turtle Conservancy's southern California conservation breeding center.
In March 2013, smugglers were arrested after carrying a single bag containing 21 radiated tortoises and 54 angonoka tortoises (Astrochelys yniphora) through Suvarnabhumi International Airport in Thailand.
On 20 March 2016, the customs officials at Mumbai airport seized 146 tortoises from the mishandled baggage of a Nepal citizen. This bag was said to belong to a transit passenger, who arrived from Madagascar and flew to Kathmandu, leaving this bag behind. Of the 146 tortoises, 139 were radiated tortoises (Astrochelys radiata) and seven were Angonoka tortoises (Astrochelys yniphora), both critically endangered tortoise species of Madagascar. Two radiated tortoises were found dead with broken shells.
On 12 June 2016, it was reported that 72 radiated tortoises and six angonoka tortoises had gone missing from a breeding facility in Thailand.
On 20 April 2018, more than 10,000 radiated tortoises were found in a home in Toliara. In total, the house contained 9,888 live radiated tortoises and 180 dead ones. Rescuers transported them to Le Village Des Tortues ("Turtle Village"), a private wildlife rehabilitation facility in Ifaty, 18 miles north of Toliara. A week after their discovery, 574 tortoises had died from either dehydration or infection. Three suspects (two men and a woman, the owner of the house) were arrested. The men were in the process of burying dead tortoises on the property when the team arrived.
References
Further reading
Kirkpatrick, David D. The Radiated Tortoise in Reptile & Amphibian Magazine March/April 1992, pages 18–24.
Radiated Tortoise Fact Sheet. Smithsonian National Zoological Park. Retrieved April 7, 2008.
External links
Radiated Tortoise
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
Astrochelys
Turtles of Africa
Endemic fauna of Madagascar
Reptiles of Madagascar
Species endangered by the pet trade
Madagascar spiny thickets
Reptiles described in 1802
Taxa named by George Shaw |
Entença may refer to:
Entença (town), village in the pre-Pyrenees
House of Entença, ancient dynasty of the Crown of Aragon and Catalonia
Berenguer de Entença, commander of the Catalan Company
Carrer d'Entença, Barcelona, street in Barcelona
Entença (Barcelona Metro), a station on line 5 of the Barcelona Metro
See also
Entenza (disambiguation) |
Qunnie Pettway (1943–2010) was an American artist. She worked for the Freedom Quilting Bee and is associated with the Gee's Bend group of quilters. Her mother, Candis Pettway, taught her to quilt, and she passed the skill on to her daughter Loretta Pettway Bennett. She specialized in making traditional quilt patterns out of scraps she brought home from the Bee.
Life
Qunnie was surrounded by dedicated quilt-makers her entire life. Her mother, Candis Pettway, and her sister were her first mentors. Later she learned classic patterns while at Estelle Witherspoon's house, where upwards of 20 women would quilt together.
She later developed diabetes, and when she began to lose her eye sight, she only made quilts from simple patterns. She died in 2010.
Work
Recognized for her innovation, Qunnie's style is marked by her improvisational versions of traditional patterns. Her favorite method was the "Crazy Z" quilt composed of corduroy from the Freedom Quilting Bee.
References
1943 births
2010 deaths
Gee's Bend quilters |
Spilomyia curvimaculata is a species of Hoverfly in the family Syrphidae.
Distribution
China.
References
Milesiini
Insects described in 2012
Diptera of Asia |
The 2016–17 Miami hurricanes women's basketball team represented the University of Miami during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Hurricanes, led by twelfth-year head coach Katie Meier, play their home games at the Watsco Center and are members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. They finished the season 24–9, 10–6 in ACC play to finish in sixth place. They advanced to the semifinals of the ACC women's tournament where they lost to Duke. They received an at-large bid of the NCAA women's tournament where they defeated Florida Gulf Coast in the first round before getting upset by Quinnipiac in the second round.
Roster
Media
All home games and conference road games will be broadcast on WVUM as part of the Miami Hurricanes Learfield Sports contract.
Schedule
|-
!colspan=12 style=| Non-conference Regular Season
|-
!colspan=12 style=| ACC Regular Season
|-
!colspan=12 style=| ACC Women's Tournament
|-
!colspan=12 style=| NCAA Women's Tournament
Source
Rankings
References
Miami Hurricanes women's basketball seasons
Miami
Miami |
El Hedi Belameiri (born April 24, 1991) is an Algerian footballer who plays for Swift Hesperange in Luxembourg.
Club career
In July 2013, Belameiri turned down an offer from JS Kabylie and signed a two-year contract with ES Sétif.
References
External links
1991 births
Algerian men's footballers
Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 players
CSO Amnéville players
ES Sétif players
FC Metz players
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
21st-century Algerian people |
Jawab ( Answer) is a 1970 Hindi-language drama film, produced by K.G. Vijayarangam, directed by Ramanna under the authority of R.R. Pictures. The film stars Jeetendra, Leena Chandavarkar, Ashok Kumar, and Meena Kumari. The music was composed by Laxmikant Pyarelal. The film is a remake of the Tamil movie Periya Idathu Penn (1963), with M.G.R and B. Saroja Devi, which was first remade as the Telugu movie Sabhash Suri (1964), starring N.T. Rama Rao and Krishna Kumari.
Plot
The film begins in a village where the wealthy Zamindar, Uma Shankar (Ashok Kumar), is a tyrant. Raja (Jeetendra) is a villager who is very loyal to the zamindar. Uma Shankar has two children, Sagar (Prem Chopra) and Chanchal (Leena Chandavarkar). Raja lives with his widowed sister Vidya (Meena Kumari) and is in love with Neela (Jyothi Lakshmi), the daughter of his mentor Shambhu dada (Ulhas). Sagar also woos Neela. Shambhu dada conducts a martial arts completion between Raja and Sagar. During the match, Chanchal helps her brother by exploiting her classmate Bajrangi (Mehmood). Raja is defeated and Sagar marries Neela. Afterward, Bajrangi admits to Raja that he lost because of Chanchal's machinations. Raja becomes angry and challenges that he will marry the arrogant Chanchal. He receives a further blow when Vidya commits suicide after being molested by the zamindar. Raja moves to the city where he reunites with Bajrangi. Bajrangi gives Raja a makeover and Raja succeeds in fooling Chanchal into having a relationship with him. Meanwhile, the zamindar is haunted by his guilt surrounding Vidya's death. Raja gets to know the entire truth behind his sister's death and reveals his identity in his anger. Soon, the zamindar is found dead and Raja is accused of his murder. Later, it is revealed that Vidya is still alive and it is she who murdered the zamindar. She imparts this truth before dying. Sagar and Chanchal apologize to Raja. The movie ends on a happy note.
Cast
Ashok Kumar as Zamindar Uma Shankar
Meena Kumari as Vidya (Raja's Elder Sister)
Jeetendra as Raja / Rajkumar
Leena Chandavarkar as Chanchal (Zamindars Daughter)
Jyothi Lakshmi as Neela
Prem Chopra as Sagar (Zamindars Son)
Aruna Irani as Leela
Mehmood as Bajrang
Leela Mishra as Raja's Neighbour
Ulhas as Shambhu (Neela and Leela's Father)
Soundtrack
References
1970 films
1970s Hindi-language films
Films directed by T. R. Ramanna
Films scored by Laxmikant–Pyarelal
Hindi remakes of Tamil films |
Mastigoteuthis is a genus of whip-lash squid containing at least seven valid species. Some teuthologists consider Idioteuthis synonymous with this taxon.
The genus contains bioluminescent species.
Species
Genus Mastigoteuthis
Mastigoteuthis agassizii Verrill, 1881
Mastigoteuthis dentata Hoyle, 1904
Mastigoteuthis flammea Chun, 1908
Mastigoteuthis glaukopis Chun, 1908
Mastigoteuthis grimaldii (Joubin, 1895)
Mastigoteuthis psychrophila Nesis, 1977
Mastigoteuthis schmidti Degner, 1925
Mastigoteuthis hastula * (Berry, 1920)
Mastigoteuthis inermis * Rancurel, 1972
Mastigoteuthis iselini * MacDonald & Clench, 1934
Mastigoteuthis okutanii * Salcedo-Vargas, 1997
Mastigoteuthis tyroi * Salcedo-Vargas, 1997
Magnapinna talismani was previously placed in this genus, but is now considered a species of bigfin squid.
The taxa listed above with an asterisk (*) are taxon inquirendum and need further study to determine if they are a valid taxon or a synonym.
References
Notes
Sources
Salcedo-Vargas, M.A. 1997. Cephalopods from the Netherlands Indian Ocean Programme (NIOP) - II. Mastigoteuthid lineage and related forms. Beaufortia 47: 91-108.
External links
Tree of Life: Mastigoteuthis
Cephalopod genera
Bioluminescent molluscs |
The Falkbeer Countergambit is a chess opening that begins:
1. e4 e5
2. f4 d5
In this aggressive , Black disdains the pawn offered as a sacrifice, instead opening the to exploit White's weakness on the . After the standard capture, 3.exd5, Black may reply with 3...exf4, transposing into the King's Gambit Accepted, 3...e4, or the more modern 3...c6.
A well-known blunder in this opening is White's reply 3.fxe5, which after 3...Qh4+, either loses after 4.g3 Qxe4+, forking the king and rook, or severely exposes the white king to the black pieces after 4.Ke2 Qxe4+ 5.Kf2 Bc5+.
The opening bears the name of Austrian master Ernst Falkbeer who played it in an 1851 game against Adolf Anderssen. The Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings codes for the Falkbeer Countergambit are C31 and C32.
Old Main line: 3...e4
In this variation, Black's compensation for the sacrificed pawn primarily consists of his lead in , coupled with the exposure of White's king. A typical line may run: 4.d3 Nf6 5.dxe4 Nxe4 6.Nf3 Bc5, where Black aims for the weakness on f2. In Maehrisch-Ostrau 1923, a game between Rudolf Spielmann and Siegbert Tarrasch continued: 7.Qe2 Bf5 (this was condemned by the Handbuch des Schachspiels because of White's next, though Black had already gotten into difficulties in the game Réti–Breyer, Budapest 1917, where 7...f5 8.Nfd2 Bf2+ 9.Kd1 Qxd5 10.Nc3 was played) 8.g4 (in retrospect, prudent was 8.Nc3) 8...0-0 9.gxf5 Re8 and Black has a tremendous position, as he is bound to regain material and White's positional deficiencies will remain.
This line fell out of favour after World War II, as Black encountered difficulties, with players eventually turning to the next idea.
Nimzowitsch Variation: 3...c6
This has become the most commonly played move after 3.exd5, with its most notable advocate being John Nunn. It is usually attributed to Aron Nimzowitsch, who successfully played it in Spielmann–Nimzowitsch, Munich 1906. Frank Marshall actually introduced the move to master play, however, at Ostend 1905, defeating Richard Teichmann in 34 moves. Annotating that game in his 1914 book Marshall's Chess "Swindles", Marshall described his 3...c6 as "An innovation."
Although Black won both of those games, 3...c6 languished in obscurity for many years thereafter. White can respond with 4.Qe2, despite the drastic defeat inflicted on the young Alexander Alekhine by Paul Johner at Carlsbad 1911, although 4.Nc3 exf4 is much more common. The resulting positions are analogous to the Modern Defence of the King's Gambit Accepted, in which White strives to utilise his 4–2 pawn , with Black relying on his piece activity and cramping pawn at f4 to play against White's king. Theory has not reached a definitive verdict, but the resulting positions are believed to offer Black more chances than 3...e4.
See also
List of chess openings
List of chess openings named after people
References
External links
Falkbeer Countergambit video and analysis
History of the Nimzovich variation and list of old magazine references to the Falkbeer
Chess openings
pl:Kontrgambit#Kontrgambit Falkbeera |
Lucio P. Fernandez is a Cuban-American politician and entertainer, who works as the Commissioner of Public Affairs in Union City, New Jersey, where he serves under Mayor Brian P. Stack. He is also an artist, author, singer, actor, dancer, playwright, screenwriter, producer and film director who has been credited with being instrumental in reviving the arts in Union City.
Early life
Lucio Fernandez was born in Havana, Cuba to Lucio Pablo Gallardo and Herminia Fernandez, a seamstress. He has a brother Frank and two sisters, Anna and Pabla. Lucio and his family lived in poverty, a situation made worse by the fact that Lucio Pablo was a political prisoner. Years later, as a citizen of Union City, New Jersey, where Cuban émigrés are common, Fernandez commented on these roots thus:
I'm as Cuban as a cheeseburger. But I know the history. My father and stepfather were both political prisoners. My father had his hair and nails pulled out. For many people in Union City, there are such stories in their families.
When Herminia was forced to leave the country for political reasons, the family lived in Spain for one year before emigrating to the United States in the 1970s, when Fernandez was a child. They lived first in North Bergen, New Jersey and then in Union City, New Jersey, where he grew up. After attending Union Hill High School, he studied at Rutgers University/Newark Campus, initially double majoring in engineering and business. According to Fernandez, he was strolling through the campus with a friend one day when they stopped at the Theater Department. After seeing the black box theater, Fernandez explains, "I knew right away that's where I wanted to be." Fernandez switched majors, and graduated with a bachelor's degree in Theater Arts. He later graduated from the Bobby Lewis Theatre Workshop in Manhattan.
Career
Entertainment
After graduating Fernandez began auditioning, sending out hundreds of photos and résumés every week, while simultaneously taking classes for singing, acting and dancing. He eventually began to get responses, and joined the Screen Actors Guild, Actors' Equity Association and the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, with whom he did television and radio acting, including TV commercials and small roles in movies and soap operas. From 1985 to 1997, he toured nationally and internationally with productions of shows such as West Side Story, Jesus Christ Superstar, A Chorus Line and Guys and Dolls, working alongside performers such as Marc Anthony, Shirley MacLaine and Gene Kelly, and with directors and choreographers such as Jerome Robbins, Jerry Zaks, Michael Peters. In the course of his touring he traveled as far as Ecuador and Mexico City.
In September 2000 Fernandez and his wife, Megan, founded the non-profit Grace Theatre Workshop, which provides free lessons in various fields of the arts to children. It was named after its first home, Union City's Grace Episcopal Church's auditorium, where it began with seven students, but as of 2007 it is run out of Jose Marti Freshman Academy, where it serves approximately 120 children. In 2004 they founded their own film production company, MeLu Films.
In 2001 Fernandez began hosting the local access show Ensalada (Salad), a bilingual "man-on-the-street" show in which he asks people on the streets of Union City "hard-hitting social questions about life in the city".
Fernandez leads a Latin jazz band called CuJazz, which Fernandez, who enjoys producing free form poetry, says provides him a way to set his poems to music. In 2003 CuJazz released the independent album, Volver A Ti, which features eight tracks of covers and originals, including "Besame Mucho" and "Nuestro Olvido", for which Fernandez's vocals were praised by The Hudson Reporter.
In 2008 Fernandez produced an autobiographical stand-up comedy concert, The Cuban Kid, which focuses on his experiences as a native of Cuba growing up in New Jersey and dividing his time as a performer and an elected official. The show was written by Fernandez and his collaborator, Union City Historian Gerard Karabin, featured musical arrangements by Mark Goodman, and was directed by Fernandez's wife Megan. The show garnered Fernandez a nomination for a 2008 MAC Award and won him the 2009 ITRA Award for Best Performance Theatrical (Male).
In 2009, Fernandez and MeLu Films began production on Vampire in Union City, a surrealist, 48-minute-long independent art film, and the first theatrically-released film set in and shot almost entirely in Union City. Written by Karabin, and produced, directed by and starring Fernandez, the film follows the quest of a demented man obsessed with death and the living dead as he roams Union City, and is based on the theme that big cities are more conducive to loneliness than small towns. It stars local artists, and utilizes Union City landmarks almost exclusively as shooting locations, such as St. John's Episcopal Church, and Hackensack Reservoir No. 2. (Only one location outside of the city, a property in North Bergen, was used for a cemetery scene in order to avoid disturbing a real cemetery.) Fernandez and Karabin hoped the film might inspire other filmmakers to consider Union City as a shooting location. The world premiere was held on September 3, 2010, at the Summit Quadplex on Summit Avenue, the first world premiere of a film in Union City. The film was later screened for general audiences at the Union City Performing Arts Center as part of Union City's Celebrate Art Month, an event Fernandez helped bring about. It was later screened at Mexico's Alberto Andrade Gallery Expo and Sweden's Hellsen Gallery, and aired by Cablevision during September 2010. It was made available for purchase at www.FilmBaby.com and at www.MeLuFilms.com.
In October 2011, Fernandez premiered his autobiographical stage show, Lucio ... Less Cuban Than Ever, at the Laurie Beechman Theater in Manhattan. Like his previous show, The Cuban Kid, Less Cuban Than Ever focuses on Fernandez's life as a Cuban-American, and the experience of being raised in the United States while maintaining roots in another country, but consists of Fernandez's signature comedy antics, interaction with audience members and singing show tunes rather than standup comedy. It was co-written by Fernandez and Karabin, directed by noted cabaret director Lenny Watts, and includes dancers and an eight-piece band of Broadway veterans led by Mark Goodman, a Broadway veteran who met Fernandez in 1996 during their run in West Side Story. The show sold out its original four engagements, and required a fifth show to be added.
In 2013 Fernandez starred in the play Till Death, a dark comedy that he began writing in 1985 while a student at Rutgers. The story was inspired by the "Latin Lover" philanderers he knew growing up, and asks the question, "What if you met the perfect woman, the woman of your dreams, the woman who had everything you ever wanted but couldn't find, and all she is interested in is seeing you suffer?" Fernandez plays Tony, a desperately delusional and suicidal man, tormented by nightmares and memories of women from his past. His co-star, Ruth Kavanagh, played a multi-faceted, ghost-like "perfect woman" who volunteers to help him kill himself, despite his persistent failed attempts to do so. The world premiere was held at The Producers' Club Theatre in Manhattan on November 20, 2013.
Fernandez produces his own TV show on Cablevision and Comcast, Live on Stage, which promotes local artists in the North Hudson County area, and also produces an entertainment newspaper called Sunlight News.
In 2016 Fernandez's production company Melu Films produced the video for "Que Viva USA", a single by Ray Machado's Cuban-American fusion band Máxima Alerta, on which Fernandez serves as one of the vocalists, as well as its manager. The video, directed by Brandon Medina, features his wife Megan as one of the dancers.
In 2017, Fernandez appeared in a supporting role in actor/director Pablo Yotich's Argentine action film Almas de Furia, which was screened at the Union City Performing Arts Center as part of the NoHu International Film Festival.
On May 19, 2018, Fernandez was one of three media figures inducted into Union City's Celia Cruz Park Walk of Fame, along with actor Eduardo Antonio, and Latin Grammy winner Amaury Gutierrez.
Politics
In the 1990s, while Fernandez was offering free performance classes for neighborhood children, he became friends with local civic leader Brian P. Stack. Though politics was not a lifelong vocation for Fernandez, and he had not previously supported any particular politician, he came to admire Stack's commitment to the betterment of the city and his interest in Fernandez's initiatives, as Stack was the only one who Fernandez says would return his phone calls.
In the early 2000s, Fernandez was appointed a trustee of the Union City Board of Education, and he was a past president of the Union City Day Care Center Board of Trustees. He also served on the Union City Redevelopment Board, and the Union City Public Library Friends. In 2003, Fernandez was made deputy director of Union City's Department of Public Affairs, his first formal position in assisting assist Stack with cultural and artistic endeavors in the city.
In late January 2004 Fernandez was named a commissioner of the Union City Housing Authority, a job he says he took because it would allow him to liaise with seniors and veterans, and address their needs. When asked about questions raised about why a performer by trade would accept a political position, Fernandez responded, "Everything to me is interconnected. Culture drives everything, and I know the culture." In 2006, he was elected Commissioner of Public Affairs.
The Hudson Reporter has credited him with being instrumental in reviving the arts in Union City during his time as Commissioner. In June 2010, to tie into Union City's 85th anniversary, Fernandez and Karabin published Union City in Pictures, a photo book documenting their home town's various locations. That same year Fernandez was involved in the creation of the Union City Plaza of the Arts on Bergenline Avenue between 30th and 31st Streets, which opened in December 2010 as a venue for artists to congregate and showcase their work. The location, which sees copious traffic to and from Midtown Manhattan, was chosen in order to showcase the city in a positive light to commuters, and so that the plaza could represent fine arts alongside the adjacent Pietro Di Donato Plaza and Celia Cruz Plaza, which represent literature and music, respectively.
Fernandez oversaw the construction and curating of the William V. Musto Cultural Center, which opened in 2011, and with Karabin, spearheaded a program that has dedicated several historic markers around the city, which Fernandez hopes could eventually be used as a tour guide.
In 2012, Fernandez, wanting to increase the city's honoring of local artists, produced the first-ever Union City Artist Awards, an annual red carpet event that honors multiple artists in the visual and the performing arts, and others who contribute to the city's culture.
On April 20, 2018, Union City's Performing Arts Center hosted the official premiere of Union City, U.S.A., a documentary on the city's history and culture. It was written, directed, and produced by Fernandez, who began research for the film in 2008. Fernandez and city historian Gerard Karabin conducted interviews with numerous past and current residents of the city for the film.
Personal life
Fernandez's mother Herminia died in 1995, and as of 2009, his father and siblings reside in Florida.
Fernandez met his future wife, Megan, one night in 1997 while riding a bus back from Manhattan. Fernandez recounts, "I was about to go back on tour with West Side Story but I decided not to", and he ended up staying in Union City. They married in 2005, and have a son, Ryan, born January 29, 2013. Megan is an actress/singer/dancer/choreographer who has appeared with her troupe, Tap Ole Dance Company, on the reality television program America's Got Talent. The two have also performed dance routines in public.
In addition to his aforementioned artistic activities, Fernandez also enjoys painting and photography, snorkeling, horseback riding, and hiking. He enjoys modern jazz and the music of Frank Sinatra and Dean Martin. He has studied karate and is a fan of the New York Yankees.
Awards and nominations
Awards
2009 ITRA Award for Best Performance Theatrical (Male) (for The Cuban Kid)
2013 Premio ARTE Award for Outstanding Actor (for Busco Amigo)
2013 ATI Award for Best Actor (for Cuba: Punto X)
2014 ATI Award for Best Actor (for Till Death)
2014 ACE Award for Outstanding Career in Theatre
2018 Induction into Union City's Celia Cruz Park Walk of Fame
Nominations
2008 MAC Award nomination (for The Cuban Kid)
Discography
Volver A Ti (2003)
Lucio Fernandez: Poetry (2006)
Enamorado (2010)
American Mambo (2013)
References
External links
"Lucio's Blog". Blogger
MeLu Films
"Lucio Fernandez". The New York Times
Living people
People from Havana
Cuban emigrants to the United States
American entertainers of Cuban descent
People from North Bergen, New Jersey
Politicians from Union City, New Jersey
Union Hill High School alumni
Rutgers University alumni
Cuban male singers
20th-century American writers
21st-century American writers
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
American male screenwriters
Film directors from New Jersey
American male film actors
Male actors from New Jersey
American film studio executives
New Jersey Democrats
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century American male writers
Screenwriters from New Jersey |
"Can't Chance a Break Up" is a song written by Ike Turner. It was released by R&B duo Ike & Tina Turner on Sue Records in 1965.
Background and release
"Can't Chance a Break Up" is the second single Ike & Tina Turner released after re-signing to Sue in 1965. They had released a string of hit singles on Sue from 1960 to 1962 before switching to Ike Turner's Sonja label in 1963. After releasing singles on various labels between 1963 and 1965, they returned to Sue with the release of "Two Is a Couple" was in October 1965. "Can't Chance a Break Up" was released as a non-album track in December 1965, reaching No. 33 on the Cash Box R&B chart in January 1966.
Critical reception
Billboard (December 18, 1965): "This blues-rocker with wailing vocal performances loaded with electricity will prove a sales monster. Discotheque winner!"
Cash Box (December 18, 1965): "Wailing moanin’ powerfully orked soulfilled shouter. Easy to dance to sound and good romance lyric should have lots of appeal for the teen market generally and the r&b set in particular."
Record World (December 25, 1965): "Wailing new Ike and Tina side featuring go go rhythms for the dance fans. Score."
Track listing
Chart performance
References
1965 singles
1965 songs
Ike & Tina Turner songs
Songs written by Ike Turner
Song recordings produced by Ike Turner
Sue Records singles |
Goto, Island of Love () is a 1968 French drama film directed by Walerian Borowczyk and starring Pierre Brasseur.
Cast
Pierre Brasseur - Goto
Ligia Branice - Glossia
- Gono
Ginette Leclerc - Gonasta
- L'instituteur / Professor
- Grymp
Pierre Collet
- General Gwino
- Le juge d'instruction
References
External links
1968 films
1968 drama films
Dystopian films
Films about capital punishment
Films about suicide
French drama films
1960s French-language films
French black-and-white films
Films directed by Walerian Borowczyk
1960s French films |
Przemysław Marcin "Przemek" Karnowski (; born 8 November 1993) is a Polish basketball player for Stelmet Zielona Góra of the PLK and the VTB United League. He completed his college career at Gonzaga University in the United States in 2017. He has also played for the Polish national team. He had been viewed by some NBA draft analysts as a potential first round pick in the 2016 draft, but chose to return to Gonzaga for his final season of college eligibility in 2016–17.
College career
Przemek narrowed his decision down to California and Gonzaga. He committed to Gonzaga on May 29, 2012. For his freshman season he was behind star Canadian center Kelly Olynyk, a future lottery pick in the 2013 NBA draft. In the 2013–14 season Karnowski averaged 10.4 points, 7.0 rebounds and 1.7 blocks per game as the Bulldogs' starting center. As a junior, he averaged 11 points, 5.8 rebounds and 1 block per game. Due to back problems, Karnowski had surgery after playing only five games in his senior season. He was averaging 8.8 points and 5.4 rebounds in those five games.
The surgery followed a prolonged episode of back pain so severe that by the time of the operation, it took him over an hour to get out of bed and perform normal morning activities; he was also unable to walk without crutches. He developed an infection after undergoing the surgery and lost roughly . Karnowski's recovery proceeded ahead of schedule; while he was told he would be unable to perform any strenuous activities for 10 months post-operation, he was running after 7 months. For the rest of his Gonzaga career, the team's training staff placed him on a customized conditioning program to protect his back, and he did not participate in any basketball-related activity outside of games and scheduled practices.
On May 24, 2016, Gonzaga announced that Karnowski had received a medical redshirt and would return to the school for one final college season in 2016–17. In his final season with Gonzaga he led Gonzaga to the best start in the history of the organization (29-0) whilst posting the best offensive and defensive numbers of his career: 12.4 points, 5.8 rebounds, 2.0 assists and 0.9 block in just 22.5 minutes per game coming to the tournament. On February 2, 2017, Karnowski became the career leader in wins for Gonzaga, passing Kevin Pangos and Kyle Dranginis (both 122 wins). Following the game with BYU, Karnowski became the active leader in Division I basketball games played with 143, passing Nigel Hayes (Wisconsin), Nate Britt and Isaiah Hicks (both North Carolina). Karnowski would be surpassed later that season by Hayes and Duke's Amile Jefferson, and passed both in a win in Gonzaga's Final Four matchup with South Carolina. After the 2017 West Coast Conference men's basketball tournament, Karnowski became the NCAA's career leader in wins with 132, passing Shane Battier (131). During his senior season he was nominated to the Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Award and Senior CLASS Award.
Karnowski graduated with Bachelor of Education in Sport Management and MBA with one of the highest GPAs in WCC, for which he was named to the 2016-17 WCC Men's Basketball All-Academic Team. With 13 points performance and two crucial baskets he led his team to a 77–73 victory in the NCAA tournament semifinal, giving the Gonzaga Bulldogs their first ever appearance in the NCAA March Madness Final.
During his tenure with Gonzaga Bulldogs he became a fan favorite not only because his skills, but also because of his outgoing and friendly attitude as well as his signature beard. Some fans even wear fake beards during games to impersonate Karnowski. His name is found difficult to spell for basketball fans from the US, thus he was given fancy nicknames like "Shem" (short for "Przemysław"), "Big Shem," or "Mount Karnowski" (in reference to his size).
His performances are also widely recognized in his country, Poland. Tens of thousands of Polish fans watched his March Madness surge overnight, because of the time difference.
College statistics
|-
| align="left" | 2012–13
| align="left" | Gonzaga
| 34 || 1 || 10.8 || .567 || – || .444 || 2.7 || 0.2 || 0.2 || 0.3 || 5.4
|-
| align="left" | 2013–14
| align="left" | Gonzaga
| 36 || 36 || 25.3 || .593 || .000 || .500 || 7.0 || 0.7 || 0.3 || 1.7 || 10.4
|-
| align="left" | 2014–15
| align="left" | Gonzaga
| 38 || 37 || 24.5 || .622 || 1.000 || .509 || 5.8 || 1.3 || 0.5 || 1.0 || 11.0
|-
| align="left" | 2015–16
| align="left" | Gonzaga
| 5 || 5 || 24.8 || .594 || – || .462 || 5.4 || 1.2 || 0.8 || 0.6 || 8.8
|-
| align="left" | 2016–17
| align="left" | Gonzaga
| 39 || 39 || 22.9 || .601 || .000 || .582 || 5.8 || 2.1 || 0.4 || 1.0 || 12.2
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan=2| Career
| 152 || 118 || 21.2 || .600 || .333 || .513 || 5.4 || 1.1 || 0.4 || 1.0 || 9.8
Professional career
In the 2011–12 season, Karnowski played for Siarka Jezioro Tarnobrzeg of the Polish PLK. In 35 games, he averaged 10.1 points, 4.4 rebounds and 1.2 blocks per game. After the regular season, Karnowski won the PLK Rookie of the Year Award.
He went undrafted in the 2017 NBA draft, but joined the Charlotte Hornets for the 2017 NBA Summer League.
On July 28, 2017, Karnowski agreed to terms with Spanish Liga ACB team MoraBanc Andorra. On July 8, 2018, Karnowski part ways with MoraBanc Andorra. On August 16, 2018, he signed with Twarde Pierniki Toruń of the Polish Basketball League.
On August 17, 2020, Karnowski signed with Stelmet Zielona Góra of the PLK and the VTB United League.
Professional career statistics
|-
| align="left" | 2009–10
| align="left" | Pierniki Torun
| 14 || 0 || 21.4 || .560 || .000 || .612 || 9.1 || 1.2 || .9 || 2.5 || 12.2
|-
| align="left" | 2010–11
| align="left" | SMS Wladyslawowo
| 23 || 0 || 31.0 || .517 || .250 || .547 || 9.6 || 1.3 || 1.1 || 2.1 || 14.0
|-
| align="left" | 2011–12
| align="left" | ASK KS Siarka Tarnobrzeg
| 35 || 18 || 25.6 || .520 || .067 || .560 || 4.4 || 1.3 || 0.7 || 1.2 || 10.1
|- class="sortbottom"
International career
Karnowski guided the Polish junior national team to the championship game of the 2010 FIBA Under-17 World Championship, in Hamburg. He was named to the All-Tournament Team. and was named Best Center of the tournament by Eurobasket.com after averaging 14.5 points, 11 rebounds, 2.5 assists and 2.0 blocked shots per contest. Joining him on the official All-Tournament Team was Canada's Kevin Pangos who would later be his teammate at Gonzaga.
Karnowski represented the senior Polish national basketball team at EuroBasket 2013, in Slovenia. He averaged 3.3 PPG, 2.5 RPG, and 0.3 APG.
References
External links
Gonzaga Bulldogs bio
1993 births
Living people
Baloncesto Fuenlabrada players
BC Andorra players
Centers (basketball)
Polish expatriate basketball people in Spain
Gonzaga Bulldogs men's basketball players
Liga ACB players
Polish expatriate basketball people in Andorra
Polish expatriate basketball people in the United States
Polish men's basketball players
Siarka Tarnobrzeg (basketball) players
Sportspeople from Bydgoszcz
Twarde Pierniki Toruń players |
```java
/*
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
*
* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
* particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
* by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
*
* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
* accompanied this code).
*
* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*
* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
* questions.
*/
package org.graalvm.visualvm.lib.profiler;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Component;
import java.lang.management.LockInfo;
import java.lang.management.MonitorInfo;
import java.lang.management.ThreadInfo;
import java.net.URL;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Arrays;
import javax.swing.BorderFactory;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.text.BadLocationException;
import javax.swing.text.Document;
import javax.swing.text.Segment;
import javax.swing.text.html.HTMLDocument;
import javax.swing.text.html.HTMLEditorKit;
import javax.swing.text.html.StyleSheet;
import org.graalvm.visualvm.lib.jfluid.results.threads.ThreadDump;
import org.graalvm.visualvm.lib.ui.components.HTMLTextArea;
import org.graalvm.visualvm.lib.jfluid.utils.StringUtils;
import static org.graalvm.visualvm.lib.profiler.SampledCPUSnapshot.OPEN_THREADS_URL;
import org.graalvm.visualvm.lib.profiler.api.GoToSource;
import org.graalvm.visualvm.lib.profiler.api.icons.Icons;
import org.graalvm.visualvm.lib.profiler.api.icons.ProfilerIcons;
import org.openide.util.HelpCtx;
import org.openide.util.NbBundle;
import org.openide.windows.TopComponent;
/**
* IDE topcomponent to display thread dump.
*
* @author Tomas Hurka
*/
@NbBundle.Messages({
"ThreadDumpWindow_Caption=Thread dump {0}",})
public class ThreadDumpWindow extends ProfilerTopComponent {
//~ Static fields/initializers your_sha256_hash-------------------------------
private static final String HELP_CTX_KEY = "ThreadDumpWindow.HelpCtx"; // NOI18N
private static final HelpCtx HELP_CTX = new HelpCtx(HELP_CTX_KEY);
private HTMLTextArea a;
//~ Constructors your_sha256_hash---------------------------------------------
/**
* This constructor cannot be called, instances of this window cannot be
* persisted.
*/
public ThreadDumpWindow() {
throw new InternalError("This constructor should never be called"); // NOI18N
}
public ThreadDumpWindow(ThreadDump td) {
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
setFocusable(true);
setRequestFocusEnabled(true);
setName(Bundle.ThreadDumpWindow_Caption(StringUtils.formatUserDate(td.getTime())));
setIcon(Icons.getImage(ProfilerIcons.THREAD));
StringBuilder text = new StringBuilder();
printThreads(text, td);
a = new HTMLTextArea() {
protected void showURL(URL url) {
if (url == null) {
return;
}
String urls = url.toString();
ThreadDumpWindow.this.showURL(urls);
}
};
a.setEditorKit(new CustomHtmlEditorKit());
a.setText(text.toString());
a.setCaretPosition(0);
JScrollPane sp = new JScrollPane(a);
sp.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder());
sp.setViewportBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder());
add(sp, BorderLayout.CENTER);
}
protected Component defaultFocusOwner() {
return a;
}
public int getPersistenceType() {
return TopComponent.PERSISTENCE_NEVER;
}
public HelpCtx getHelpCtx() {
return HELP_CTX;
}
protected String preferredID() {
return this.getClass().getName();
}
private void printThreads(final StringBuilder sb, ThreadDump td) {
ThreadInfo[] threads = td.getThreads();
boolean goToSourceAvailable = GoToSource.isAvailable();
boolean jdk15 = td.isJDK15();
sb.append("<pre>"); // NOI18N
sb.append(" <b>Full thread dump: "); // NOI18N
SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); // NOI18N
sb.append(df.format(td.getTime()) + "</b><br><br>");
for (ThreadInfo thread : threads) {
if (thread != null) {
if (jdk15) {
print15Thread(sb, thread, goToSourceAvailable);
} else {
print16Thread(sb, thread, goToSourceAvailable);
}
}
}
sb.append("</pre>"); // NOI18N
}
private void print15Thread(final StringBuilder sb, final ThreadInfo thread, boolean goToSourceAvailable) {
sb.append("<br>\"" + thread.getThreadName() + // NOI18N
"\" - Thread t@" + thread.getThreadId() + "<br>"); // NOI18N
sb.append(" java.lang.Thread.State: " + thread.getThreadState()); // NOI18N
if (thread.getLockName() != null) {
sb.append(" on " + thread.getLockName()); // NOI18N
if (thread.getLockOwnerName() != null) {
sb.append(" owned by: " + thread.getLockOwnerName()); // NOI18N
}
}
sb.append("<br>"); // NOI18N
for (StackTraceElement st : thread.getStackTrace()) {
String stackElementText = htmlize(st.toString());
String stackEl = stackElementText;
if (goToSourceAvailable) {
String className = st.getClassName();
String method = st.getMethodName();
int lineNo = st.getLineNumber();
String stackUrl = OPEN_THREADS_URL + className + "|" + method + "|" + lineNo; // NOI18N
stackEl = "<a href=\"" + stackUrl + "\">" + stackElementText + "</a>"; // NOI18N
}
sb.append(" at ").append(stackEl).append("<br>"); // NOI18N
}
}
private void print16Thread(final StringBuilder sb, final ThreadInfo thread, boolean goToSourceAvailable) {
MonitorInfo[] monitors = thread.getLockedMonitors();
sb.append(" <b>"); // NOI18N
sb.append("\"").append(thread.getThreadName()).append("\" - Thread t@").append(thread.getThreadId()).append("<br>"); // NOI18N
sb.append(" java.lang.Thread.State: ").append(thread.getThreadState()); // NOI18N
sb.append("</b><br>"); // NOI18N
int index = 0;
for (StackTraceElement st : thread.getStackTrace()) {
LockInfo lock = thread.getLockInfo();
String stackElementText = htmlize(st.toString());
String lockOwner = thread.getLockOwnerName();
String stackEl = stackElementText;
if (goToSourceAvailable) {
String className = st.getClassName();
String method = st.getMethodName();
int lineNo = st.getLineNumber();
String stackUrl = OPEN_THREADS_URL + className + "|" + method + "|" + lineNo; // NOI18N
stackEl = "<a href=\"" + stackUrl + "\">" + stackElementText + "</a>"; // NOI18N
}
sb.append(" at ").append(stackEl).append("<br>"); // NOI18N
if (index == 0) {
if ("java.lang.Object".equals(st.getClassName()) && // NOI18N
"wait".equals(st.getMethodName())) { // NOI18N
if (lock != null) {
sb.append(" - waiting on "); // NOI18N
printLock(sb, lock);
sb.append("<br>"); // NOI18N
}
} else if (lock != null) {
if (lockOwner == null) {
sb.append(" - parking to wait for "); // NOI18N
printLock(sb, lock);
sb.append("<br>"); // NOI18N
} else {
sb.append(" - waiting to lock "); // NOI18N
printLock(sb, lock);
sb.append(" owned by \"").append(lockOwner).append("\" t@").append(thread.getLockOwnerId()).append("<br>"); // NOI18N
}
}
}
printMonitors(sb, monitors, index);
index++;
}
StringBuilder jnisb = new StringBuilder();
printMonitors(jnisb, monitors, -1);
if (jnisb.length() > 0) {
sb.append(" JNI locked monitors:<br>");
sb.append(jnisb);
}
LockInfo[] synchronizers = thread.getLockedSynchronizers();
if (synchronizers != null) {
sb.append("<br> Locked ownable synchronizers:"); // NOI18N
if (synchronizers.length == 0) {
sb.append("<br> - None\n"); // NOI18N
} else {
for (LockInfo li : synchronizers) {
sb.append("<br> - locked "); // NOI18N
printLock(sb, li);
sb.append("<br>"); // NOI18N
}
}
}
sb.append("<br>");
}
private void printMonitors(final StringBuilder sb, final MonitorInfo[] monitors, final int index) {
if (monitors != null) {
for (MonitorInfo mi : monitors) {
if (mi.getLockedStackDepth() == index) {
sb.append(" - locked "); // NOI18N
printLock(sb, mi);
sb.append("<br>"); // NOI18N
}
}
}
}
private void printLock(StringBuilder sb, LockInfo lock) {
String id = Integer.toHexString(lock.getIdentityHashCode());
String className = lock.getClassName();
sb.append("<").append(id).append("> (a ").append(className).append(")"); // NOI18N
}
private static String htmlize(String value) {
return value.replace(">", ">").replace("<", "<"); // NOI18N
}
private void showURL(String urls) {
if (urls.startsWith(SampledCPUSnapshot.OPEN_THREADS_URL)) {
urls = urls.substring(SampledCPUSnapshot.OPEN_THREADS_URL.length());
String parts[] = urls.split("\\|"); // NOI18N
String className = parts[0];
String method = parts[1];
int linenumber = Integer.parseInt(parts[2]);
GoToSource.openSource(null, className, method, linenumber);
}
}
private static class CustomHtmlEditorKit extends HTMLEditorKit {
@Override
public Document createDefaultDocument() {
StyleSheet styles = getStyleSheet();
StyleSheet ss = new StyleSheet();
ss.addStyleSheet(styles);
HTMLDocument doc = new CustomHTMLDocument(ss);
doc.setParser(getParser());
doc.setAsynchronousLoadPriority(4);
doc.setTokenThreshold(100);
return doc;
}
}
private static class CustomHTMLDocument extends HTMLDocument {
private static final int CACHE_BOUNDARY = 1000;
private char[] segArray;
private int segOffset;
private int segCount;
private boolean segPartialReturn;
private int lastOffset;
private int lastLength;
private CustomHTMLDocument(StyleSheet ss) {
super(ss);
lastOffset = -1;
lastLength = -1;
putProperty("multiByte", Boolean.TRUE); // NOI18N
}
@Override
public void getText(int offset, int length, Segment txt) throws BadLocationException {
if (lastOffset == offset && lastLength == length) {
txt.array = segArray;
txt.offset = segOffset;
txt.count = segCount;
txt.setPartialReturn(segPartialReturn);
return;
}
super.getText(offset, length, txt);
if (length > CACHE_BOUNDARY || lastLength <= CACHE_BOUNDARY) {
segArray = Arrays.copyOf(txt.array, txt.array.length);
segOffset = txt.offset;
segCount = txt.count;
segPartialReturn = txt.isPartialReturn();
lastOffset = offset;
lastLength = length;
}
}
}
}
``` |
Sir Richard Blackmore (22 January 1654 – 9 October 1729), English poet and physician, is remembered primarily as the object of satire and as an epic poet, but he was also a respected medical doctor and theologian.
Earlier years
He was born at Corsham, in Wiltshire, the son of a wealthy attorney. He was educated briefly at Westminster School and entered St Edmund Hall, Oxford, in 1669 at 15. He received his Bachelor of Arts in 1674 and his MA in 1676. He was a tutor at the college for a time, but in 1682 he received his inheritance from his father. He used the money to travel. He went to France, Geneva, and various places in Italy. He stayed for a while in Padua and graduated in medicine at Padua. Blackmore returned to England via Germany and Holland, and then he set up as a physician. In 1685 he married Mary Adams, whose family connections aided him in winning a place in the Royal College of Physicians in 1687. He had trouble with the College, being censured for taking leave without permission, and he strongly opposed the project for setting up a free dispensary for the poor in London. This opposition would be satirised by Sir Samuel Garth in The Dispensary in 1699.
Blackmore the epic poet
Blackmore had a passion for writing epics. Prince Arthur, an Heroick Poem in X Books appeared in 1695. He supported the Glorious Revolution, and Prince Arthur was a celebration of William III. The poem was based on the form of Virgil's The Aeneid and the subject matter of Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae. It told of the Celtic King Arthur opposing the invading Saxons and taking London, which was a transparent encoding of William III opposing the "Saxon" James II and taking London. John Dennis derided the poem as being "servile" in its treatment of Geoffrey of Monmouth and having an inconsequential and fearful hero. Nevertheless, it went through three editions and William made Blackmore physician-in-ordinary (a position he would hold with Queen Anne as well), gave him a gold medal, and knighted him in 1697. William also assigned Blackmore the task of writing the official treatment of the plot of Sir George Barclay, who sought to kill William (not appearing until 1723, as A true and impartial history of the conspiracy against the person and government of King William III, of glorious memory, in the year 1695). In 1697, Blackmore followed that with King Arthur: an Heroic Poem in Twelve Books. Like its predecessor, it was a treatment of current events in ancient garb, but, this time, the public and court were less interested and the matter less interesting. Additionally, Blackmore took John Milton as his model, rather than Virgil, and he admitted in his preface that his previous book had been too adherent to the Classical unities.
Having used his epics to fight political battles, albeit safe ones at first, Blackmore was opposed by wits of the other camp, especially as time went on. William Garth attacked Blackmore's stance on the dispensary, only to be answered by Blackmore with A Satyr against Wit (1700). Tom Brown led a consortium of wits in Commendatory Verses, on the Author of the Two Arthurs, and a Satyr against Wit (1700). Blackmore had not only been explicitly partisan in his epics, but he had announced that epic was necessary to counter the degeneracy of poetry written by wits. Having answered Garth in 1700, he did not answer Brown. However, John Dryden accused Blackmore of plagiarizing the idea of an epic on Arthur from him and called him a "Pedant, Canting Preacher, and a Quack" whose poetry had the rhythm of wagon wheels because Blackmore wrote in hackney cabs on his way between patients (prologue to The Pilgrim (1700)).
In 1705, with Anne on the throne and William dead, Blackmore wrote another epic, Eliza: an Epic Poem in Ten Books, on the plot by Rodrigo Lopez, the Portuguese physician, against Queen Elizabeth. Once more, the "epic" was current events, as it meant to denounce John Radcliffe, a Jacobite physician who was out of favor with Anne. Anne did not appear to take sufficient notice of the epic, but Sarah Churchill did. Two occasional pieces followed: An advice to the poets: a poem occasioned by the wonderful success of her majesty's arms, under the conduct of the duke of Marlborough in Flanders (1706) and Instructions to Vander Beck (1709). These courted favor with the Duke of Marlborough with some success.
In 1711, Blackmore produced The Nature of Man, a physiological/theological poem on climate and character (with the English climate being the best). This was a tune up for Creation: A Philosophical Poem in 1712, which was praised by John Dennis, Joseph Addison, and, later, Samuel Johnson, for its Miltonic tone. It ran to 16 editions, and of all his epics it was best received. Its design was to refute the atheism of Vanini, Hobbes and (supposedly) Spinoza, and to unfold the intellectual philosophy of Locke. Johnson thought that it would be the sole memory of Blackmore, and Dennis said that it was the English De Rerum Natura, but with infinitely better reasoning.
Blackmore ceased writing epics for a time after Creation. In 1722 he continued his religious themes with Redemption, an epic on the divinity of Jesus Christ designed to oppose and confute the Arians (as he called the Unitarians). The next year, he released another long epic, Alfred. The poem was ostensibly about King Alfred the Great, but like his earlier Arthurian epics, this one was political. It was dedicated to Prince Frederick, the eldest son of King George II, but the poem vanished without causing any comment from court or town.
While others approached the epic as a celebration of national origins (Dryden, for example) or sought in it the most lofty subject matter possible (as Edmund Spenser and John Milton had done), Blackmore argued that the form of the epic would "reform" poetry, that it would cease the cavils of wits and the sexuality of rakes. Further, while proclaiming his intention of reforming poetry itself, he used his epics quite often to achieve political, and personal, goals.
Non-epic writing
Blackmore was a religious author when he was not a political author. In 1713 he and his friend John Hughes began a periodical modelled on The Spectator entitled The Lay Monk. It only ran from 13 November 1713 to 15 February 1714 and appeared once every three weeks during that period. All the same, Blackmore had its issues collected and published as The Lay Monastery in the year the journal foundered.
In 1716, he became censor as well as a director of the College of Physicians, but the Hanoverians were not as taken with Blackmore as William or Anne had been. In that year, he had two volumes of Essays upon Several Subjects published, with an attack on Alexander Pope in the second volume. In 1718, he again went to press with A Collection of Poems on Various Subjects, which collected shorter poems that had already been published.
Blackmore was very concerned with Protestantism. He joined the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in America in 1704. He wrote Just Prejudices against the Arian Hypothesis, putatively against Deism and Unitarianism in 1721 and then, to help matters, wrote Modern Arians Unmasked in the same year. He also produced A New Version of the Psalms of David in 1721 and tried to get the Church of England to accept them as canonical translations. The next year, he resigned his governing position in the College of Physicians, and he also continued his campaign against supposed Arians with Redemption. In 1724, the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel was set to publish Blackmore's Psalms as official for America, but the Bishop of London, Edmund Gibson (a conservative, but a Whig), opposed the project and kept it from coming to fruition.
Finally, Blackmore attempted to answer Deism again with Natural Theology, or, Moral Duties Consider'd apart from Positive in 1728. In 1731, his last work, The Accomplished Preacher, was published posthumously.
As a physician
Blackmore has come down, largely through the verse of Alexander Pope, as one avatar of Dulness, but, as a physician, he was quite forward thinking. He agreed with Sir Thomas Sydenham that observation and the physician's experience should take precedence over any Aristotelian ideals or hypothetical laws. He rejected Galen's humour theory as well. He wrote on plague in 1720, smallpox in 1722, and consumption in 1727.
He died in Boxted, Essex and was buried in his local parish church, where a monument was constructed.
As a butt of satire
Blackmore's fame today rests with his enemies. Garth's The Dispensary made him out to be a greedy fool with delusions, but Pope's criticisms would be the most lasting, and Pope hits Blackmore over and over again on his stupidity and delusions of grandeur. The Scriblerus Club (Pope, John Gay, John Arbuthnot, Robert Harley, Henry St. John, Jonathan Swift, and Thomas Parnell) attacked Blackmore in 1717's Three Hours after Marriage. Pope further picked out Blackmore's foolish lines in Peri Bathos (1727) and gives a devastating characterization of "Neverending Blackmore" in The Dunciad (1728), where Blackmore's poetry is so awful that it can even put lawyers to sleep. These attacks were on top of Tom Brown's previous attacks, as well as Dryden's.
Blackmore's poetry is leaden. What further qualified him as a 'dunce' was his willingness to use poetry for the purposes of self-advancement. The self-interest involved in King Arthur was apparent to contemporaries, and the desperation of Alfred was similarly offensive to other poets. In addition, Blackmore used his poetry to vilify fellow poets, especially (but not exclusively) Tory poets, and that made him vulnerable to counter-attacks that he could not survive. Nevertheless, in his own time, he enjoyed the "approbation of Locke, and the admiration of Molineux." His poetry was also praised by Watts and Matthew Henry, who frequently quoted Blackmore's poems in his Commentary on the Whole Bible.
Notes
References
Matthew, H.C.G. and Brian Harrison, eds. The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. vol. 6, 1–3. London: Oxford UP, 2004.
External links
1654 births
1729 deaths
17th-century English medical doctors
18th-century English medical doctors
18th-century English writers
18th-century English male writers
18th-century English poets
Epic poets
People from Corsham
Physicians-in-Ordinary
Writers of Arthurian literature
English male poets
17th-century English poets
17th-century male writers
Knights Bachelor
People from Boxted, Essex
Burials in Essex |
Fremantle District Cricket Club is a cricket club which competes in the Western Australian Grade Cricket competition, the highest level of club cricket in Western Australia.
History
Records of a cricket club known as Fremantle Cricket Club date back to at least the early 1880s when an annual cricket match was played between the Metropolitan Cricket Club (representing Perth) and Fremantle CC. The current club dates its history to 1886.
Home ground
The club plays its home fixtures at Stevens Reserve, Fremantle and shares the facilities with the Fremantle Hockey Club.
Records
Highest Score For: 9/587 v. Subiaco-Floreat 1978/79
Highest Score Against: 495 by Karrakatta 1897/98
Lowest Score For: 10 v. North Perth 1907/08
Lowest Score Against: 12 by I Zingari 1886/87
Highest aggregate in career: 6133 by Merv Inverarity
Highest aggregate in season: 834 by Phil O'Meara in 1978/79
Highest individual score: 208 by Mitchell Marsh v. Gosnells Cricket Club, Sutherland Park 2008/09
References
External links
Official club website
Cricket clubs established in 1886
Sport in Fremantle
Western Australian Grade Cricket clubs
1886 establishments in Australia
Sports clubs and teams in Perth, Western Australia |
```java
/*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*
*/
package com.ctrip.framework.apollo.biz.service;
import com.ctrip.framework.apollo.biz.AbstractUnitTest;
import com.ctrip.framework.apollo.biz.MockBeanFactory;
import com.ctrip.framework.apollo.biz.entity.Namespace;
import com.ctrip.framework.apollo.biz.repository.NamespaceRepository;
import com.ctrip.framework.apollo.common.entity.AppNamespace;
import com.ctrip.framework.apollo.common.exception.BadRequestException;
import com.ctrip.framework.apollo.core.ConfigConsts;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.Spy;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
public class NamespaceServiceTest extends AbstractUnitTest {
@Mock
private AppNamespaceService appNamespaceService;
@Mock
private NamespaceRepository namespaceRepository;
@Spy
@InjectMocks
private NamespaceService namespaceService;
private String testPublicAppNamespace = "publicAppNamespace";
@Test(expected = BadRequestException.class)
public void testFindPublicAppNamespaceWithWrongNamespace() {
Pageable page = PageRequest.of(0, 10);
when(appNamespaceService.findPublicNamespaceByName(testPublicAppNamespace)).thenReturn(null);
namespaceService.findPublicAppNamespaceAllNamespaces(testPublicAppNamespace, page);
}
@Test
public void testFindPublicAppNamespace() {
AppNamespace publicAppNamespace = MockBeanFactory.mockAppNamespace(null, testPublicAppNamespace, true);
when(appNamespaceService.findPublicNamespaceByName(testPublicAppNamespace)).thenReturn(publicAppNamespace);
Namespace firstParentNamespace =
MockBeanFactory.mockNamespace("app", ConfigConsts.CLUSTER_NAME_DEFAULT, testPublicAppNamespace);
Namespace secondParentNamespace =
MockBeanFactory.mockNamespace("app1", ConfigConsts.CLUSTER_NAME_DEFAULT, testPublicAppNamespace);
Pageable page = PageRequest.of(0, 10);
when(namespaceRepository.findByNamespaceName(testPublicAppNamespace, page))
.thenReturn(Arrays.asList(firstParentNamespace, secondParentNamespace));
doReturn(false).when(namespaceService).isChildNamespace(firstParentNamespace);
doReturn(false).when(namespaceService).isChildNamespace(secondParentNamespace);
List<Namespace> namespaces = namespaceService.findPublicAppNamespaceAllNamespaces(testPublicAppNamespace, page);
assertEquals(2, namespaces.size());
}
}
``` |
"Crazy Frog in the House" is a song by Crazy Frog released as the second single from the album Crazy Frog Presents More Crazy Hits. This song is an interpolation of "Chacarron Macarron" and the Knight Rider theme. The single was released in Europe on 5 January 2007, and the music video is featured on the Crazy Frog Presents Crazy Video Hits DVD.
The video was shot in the streets of Montreal and unlike other Crazy Frog videos (which are computer-animated) incorporates live action footage as the CGI-rendered Frog interacts with people on the street, ultimately leading a group of choreographed children in several different types of dances.
"Crazy Frog in the House" has much less success than Crazy Frog's previous hits singles. It reached #12, its highest position on all charts, in France, in its third week, on 23 December 2006, and stayed in top 100 for 26 weeks. It also peaked at #19 in Switzerland on 4 February 2007, and featured on the chart for ten weeks. It hit #17 for two weeks in Austria, and stayed on the chart for nine weeks. It was a moderate hit in Belgium (Wallonia) and Germany, where it was only a top 25 hit.
Music video
The music video starts with 2 boys kicking a soccer ball. Then the boy with the white baseball cap catches the ball. The two boys then would see a white Lincoln Town Car driving by them. The car then stops. The man with a white suit takes a tumble in the back seat. The man with the black officer hat then sees the Frog on the road. Then, Crazy Frog zooms away from the vehicle. Crazy Frog then arrives at a corner store trying to catch a fly. Crazy Frog then sees a gumball machine with gumballs inside it. The frog then shakes the gumball machine and the gumball machine makes some noises while the children were blowing bubbles. Crazy Frog then meets a stranger as he is trying to get past him. The man with the white suit then runs up to the children and Crazy Frog as they were on top of a building trying to do dances. The man with the white suit then blows a whistle to call for photographers and a van. Some strangers were doing some dances as well. At the end, the man with the white suit slaps the officer in the back to go away.
Track listings
"Crazy Frog in the House" (radio edit) — 2:57
"Crazy Frog in the House" (club mix) — 4:18
"Crazy Frog in the House" (club mix instrumental)
"Go Froggy Go"
"Crazy Frog in the House" (video)
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
Songs about amphibians
2007 singles
Crazy Frog songs
Ministry of Sound singles
2006 songs |
The Marvel Comics Video Library, released by Prism Entertainment, was a series of VHS/Betamax tapes that featured episodes from animated series based on Marvel Comics characters. A total of 24 tapes were released and included episodes from Spider-Man (1967), Spider-Man (1981), The Marvel Super Heroes, Fantastic Four (1978), The Incredible Hulk (1982) and Spider-Woman. Each tape ran for approximately 60 minutes, and included 2 full episodes. The first episode could be from any of the series, but the second episode was always from the 1981 or 1967 Spider-Man series.
The volumes were released in a numerical sequence, and each one featured a title and cover relating to a character that appears in one or both of the episodes on the tape. Most covers included the title of one of the episodes as well. The videos came in a slightly oversized case with artwork from Marvel Comics on the outside, complete with episode descriptions on the back.
Characters featured included heroes such as Spider-Man, Hulk, Sub-Mariner, Captain America, Thor and Iron Man as well as villains such as Dr. Doom, the Vulture, Green Goblin, Magneto.
The intent was to keep going with the series until every available episode of the various series were released on tape. However, Prism canceled the arrangement after two cycles were released, one with the hero's names and one with a villain's name.
Volumes
DVD release
Several DVD volumes (8) were released in 2008 by Morningstar Ent. in Canada. However, these were direct Betamax transfers, (using the Betamax BII linear audio track which resulted in muffled sound, even though all the Beta releases had had their audio recorded in Beta Hi-Fi) and were not remastered in any way, apparently because of legal reasons. Also, none of the DVDs mention MARVEL COMICS or ENTERTAINMENT anywhere.
They included:
Doctor Doom: Meet Doctor Doom,
The Incredible Hulk: When Monsters Meet, The Fly: Spider-Woman And The Fly, Fantastic Four: The Impossible Man, Doctor Octopus: The Power of Doctor Octopus, The Vulture: The Vulture Has Landed, Thor: Enter Hercules & The Red Skull: The Origin Of The Red Skull
References
Marvel Comics animation |
SS Keystone State (T-ACS-1) is a crane ship in ready reserve for the United States Navy. The ship was named for the state of Pennsylvania, which is also known as the Keystone State.
History
Keystone State was laid down on 23 January 1965, as the combination breakbulk-container ship SS President Harrison, ON 502569, IMO 6605022, a Maritime Administration type (C4-S-1qa) hull, under MARAD contract (MA 166). Built by National Steel and Shipbuilding Co., San Diego, CA, hull no. 339, she was launched 10 February 1965, and delivered to MARAD on 25 April 1966, for service with American President Lines. She was converted to a MARAD type (C6-S-1qc) container ship, 16 February 1973, and continued to be operated by APL until delivered to the Maritime Administration, 19 July 1982, for lay up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet (NDRF), Suisun Bay, Benicia, CA, and was later transferred to NDRF James River, Lee Hall, VA., 11 September 1982. In 1983-1984 the ship was converted to a type (C6-S-MA1qd) Crane Ship at Bay Shipbuilding, Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin. She was placed in service as SS Keystone State (ACS-1) 7 May 1984, and assigned to the Military Sealift Command (MSC) Ready Reserve Force (RRF).
The ship is one of 10 Crane Ships in the Military Sealift Command Surge Force and is berthed at Alameda, CA.; assigned to Maritime Prepositioning Ship Squadron Three, she is maintained in a five-day readiness status (ROS 5) at the Ready Reserve Fleet Alameda.
References
Notes
Bibliography
Online
SS Keystone State (ACS-1)
External links
MARAD Ship History
Ships built in San Diego
1965 ships
Keystone State-class crane ships |
Mohamed Saïd Ouma is a film director and screenwriter who has been responsible for production and a programming assistant for the International African Film Festival of Africa and the Islands (FIFAI) in the city of Port à l'Ile in Réunion Island since 2004.
Before that he worked as a journalist in England for several years.
FIFAI is organized by Alain Gili and Mohamed Said Ouma.
The festival honors productions that are often ignored on the African continent, and also honors works made in the islands.
His 2007 documentary film Le Mythe de la cinquième île (The myth of the fifth island) explores how an immigrant from the Comoros islands adjusts to living in Coldharbour Lane in Brixton, London with men from Croatia and Sicily, girls from Spain and Norway.
The short sequel, Matso, épilogue du mythe de la cinquième île is a political documentary about illegal migration between the Comoros Island and Mayotte.
Filmography
References
Living people
People from Réunion
Film directors from Réunion
Year of birth missing (living people) |
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