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Sarah Cathryn Ann Robson (née McFadden; born 23 May 1987) is a Northern Irish footballer who plays as a defender or striker for Durham in the FA Women's Championship.
Magherafelt-born Robson played in Northern Ireland for Moyola Park and Ballymena United Allstars. In 2005, she won a scholarship to University of Southern Mississippi and played varsity soccer for Southern Miss Golden Eagles. Following graduation she headed to the Icelandic Úrvalsdeild, where she played for Fylkir, then Grindavík.
At the end of the 2010 Icelandic season, Robson and international teammate Rachel Furness left Grindavík for Sunderland.
In June 2012 The Belfast Telegraph newspaper reported that three Northern Ireland players including Robson had been selected in the 18-player Great Britain squad for the 2012 London Olympics. But Robson quickly denied the report: "I haven't received anything about being in final squad... Wish it was true but unfortunately not." When the final squad was named, no Northern Irish or Welsh players were included.
On 13 January 2016, it was announced she was leaving Sunderland after five years serving the club and signing with Durham.
International goals
References
External links
1987 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Magherafelt
Expatriate women's footballers in Iceland
Sunderland A.F.C. Women players
Women's Super League players
University of Southern Mississippi alumni
FA Women's National League players
Expatriate sportspeople from Northern Ireland in Iceland
Women's association footballers from Northern Ireland
Protestants from Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland women's international footballers
Southern Miss Golden Eagles women's soccer players
Sarah Robson
Sarah Robson
Women's association football central defenders
Women's association football forwards
Sarah Robson
Durham W.F.C. players
UEFA Women's Euro 2022 players
People from Bellaghy
Expatriate women's association footballers from Northern Ireland |
The paramesenteric gutters (paramesenteric recesses or infracolic spaces) are two peritoneal recesses – spaces in the abdominal cavity between the colon and the root of the mesentery. There are two paramesenteric gutters; the left paramesenteric gutter and the right paramesenteric gutter.
They are also sometimes, but incorrectly referred to as other paracolic gutters. Paracolic gutters are recesses between the abdominal wall and the colon.
These gutters are clinically important because they allow a passage for infectious fluids from different compartments of the abdomen.
The right paramesenteric gutter
This space is defined by:
The ascending colon and caecum laterally (further right).
The transverse colon superiorly.
The root of the mesentery medially.
The left paramesenteric gutter
This space communicates with the pelvic cavity and is defined by:
The root of the mesentery medially.
The descending colon laterally (further left).
See also
Peritoneal recesses
Paracolic gutters
References
External links
- "Abdominal Cavity: Peritoneal Gutters"
Abdomen |
Gordon John Brown (born 19 April 1981) is a former Zimbabwean cricketer who played at first-class and limited overs level for Manicaland during the 2004–05 season.
Born in Chinhoyi in what is now Mashonaland West Province, Brown represented a Zimbabwe national under-15 team at the 1996 Lombard Under-15 Challenge Cup in England, playing against Canadian, English, Indian, and West Indian representative teams. He made his senior debut for Manicaland during the 2004–05 season of the one-day Faithwear Inter-Provincial Tournament. In four matches, Brown, a right-arm off-spinner, took only a single wicket (that of Tinashe Hove, against Matabeleland), conceding 119 runs from his 29 overs.
Despite his performance at one-day level, later in the season Brown was selected in two of Manicaland's matches in the four-day Logan Cup. He was selected as an all-rounder in these matches, coming in as high as sixth in the batting order, and indeed bowling only 4.5 overs across the two games. On debut against Mashonaland, he scored 36 runs from 83 balls before being run out by Chamu Chibhabha, his highest first-class score. Brown's batting in the next match, also against Mashonaland, was less successful, and he finished with a first-class batting average of 19.66.
References
1981 births
Living people
Manicaland cricketers
Sportspeople from Chinhoyi
Zimbabwean cricketers |
```scss
//
// !!! THIS FILE WAS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED !!!
// !!! DO NOT MODIFY IT BY HAND !!!
// Design system display name: Google Material 3
// Design system version: v0.161
//
@use 'sass:map';
@use './md-sys-color';
@use './md-sys-elevation';
@use './md-sys-shape';
@use './md-sys-state';
@use './md-sys-typescale';
$_default: (
'md-sys-color': md-sys-color.values-light(),
'md-sys-elevation': md-sys-elevation.values(),
'md-sys-shape': md-sys-shape.values(),
'md-sys-state': md-sys-state.values(),
'md-sys-typescale': md-sys-typescale.values(),
);
@function values($deps: $_default, $exclude-hardcoded-values: false) {
@return (
'container-color': map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'surface'),
'container-elevation': map.get($deps, 'md-sys-elevation', 'level3'),
'container-height': if($exclude-hardcoded-values, null, 456px),
'container-shape': map.get($deps, 'md-sys-shape', 'corner-large'),
'container-surface-tint-layer-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'surface-tint'),
'container-width': if($exclude-hardcoded-values, null, 360px),
'date-container-height': if($exclude-hardcoded-values, null, 48px),
'date-container-shape': map.get($deps, 'md-sys-shape', 'corner-full'),
'date-container-width': if($exclude-hardcoded-values, null, 48px),
'date-focus-state-layer-opacity':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-state', 'focus-state-layer-opacity'),
'date-hover-state-layer-opacity':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-state', 'hover-state-layer-opacity'),
'date-label-text-font':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'body-large-font'),
'date-label-text-line-height':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'body-large-line-height'),
'date-label-text-size':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'body-large-size'),
'date-label-text-tracking':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'body-large-tracking'),
'date-label-text-type':
if(
$exclude-hardcoded-values,
null,
/** Warning: risk of reduced fidelity from using this composite typography token. Tokens md.comp.date-picker.docked.date.label-text.tracking cannot be represented in the "font" property shorthand. Consider using the discrete properties instead. */
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'body-large-weight')
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'body-large-size') #{'/'} map.get(
$deps,
'md-sys-typescale',
'body-large-line-height'
) map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'body-large-font')
),
'date-label-text-weight':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'body-large-weight'),
'date-pressed-state-layer-opacity':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-state', 'pressed-state-layer-opacity'),
'date-selected-container-color': map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'primary'),
'date-selected-focus-state-layer-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-primary'),
'date-selected-hover-state-layer-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-primary'),
'date-selected-label-text-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-primary'),
'date-selected-pressed-state-layer-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-primary'),
'date-state-layer-height': if($exclude-hardcoded-values, null, 40px),
'date-state-layer-shape': map.get($deps, 'md-sys-shape', 'corner-full'),
'date-state-layer-width': if($exclude-hardcoded-values, null, 40px),
'date-today-container-outline-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'primary'),
'date-today-container-outline-width':
if($exclude-hardcoded-values, null, 1px),
'date-today-focus-state-layer-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'primary'),
'date-today-hover-state-layer-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'primary'),
'date-today-label-text-color': map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'primary'),
'date-today-pressed-state-layer-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'primary'),
'date-unselected-focus-state-layer-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface-variant'),
'date-unselected-hover-state-layer-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface-variant'),
'date-unselected-label-text-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface'),
'date-unselected-outside-month-label-text-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface-variant'),
'date-unselected-pressed-state-layer-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface-variant'),
'header-height': if($exclude-hardcoded-values, null, 64px),
'menu-button-container-height': if($exclude-hardcoded-values, null, 40px),
'menu-button-container-shape': map.get($deps, 'md-sys-shape', 'corner-full'),
'menu-button-disabled-icon-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface'),
'menu-button-disabled-icon-opacity':
if($exclude-hardcoded-values, null, 0.38),
'menu-button-disabled-label-text-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface'),
'menu-button-disabled-label-text-opacity':
if($exclude-hardcoded-values, null, 0.38),
'menu-button-focus-icon-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface-variant'),
'menu-button-focus-label-text-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface-variant'),
'menu-button-focus-state-layer-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface-variant'),
'menu-button-focus-state-layer-opacity':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-state', 'focus-state-layer-opacity'),
'menu-button-hover-icon-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface-variant'),
'menu-button-hover-label-text-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface-variant'),
'menu-button-hover-state-layer-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface-variant'),
'menu-button-hover-state-layer-opacity':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-state', 'hover-state-layer-opacity'),
'menu-button-icon-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface-variant'),
'menu-button-icon-size': if($exclude-hardcoded-values, null, 18px),
'menu-button-label-text-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface-variant'),
'menu-button-label-text-font':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'label-large-font'),
'menu-button-label-text-line-height':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'label-large-line-height'),
'menu-button-label-text-size':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'label-large-size'),
'menu-button-label-text-tracking':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'label-large-tracking'),
'menu-button-label-text-type':
if(
$exclude-hardcoded-values,
null,
/** Warning: risk of reduced fidelity from using this composite typography token. Tokens md.comp.date-picker.docked.menu-button.label-text.tracking cannot be represented in the "font" property shorthand. Consider using the discrete properties instead. */
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'label-large-weight')
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'label-large-size') #{'/'} map.get(
$deps,
'md-sys-typescale',
'label-large-line-height'
) map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'label-large-font')
),
'menu-button-label-text-weight':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'label-large-weight'),
'menu-button-pressed-icon-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface-variant'),
'menu-button-pressed-label-text-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface-variant'),
'menu-button-pressed-state-layer-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface-variant'),
'menu-button-pressed-state-layer-opacity':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-state', 'pressed-state-layer-opacity'),
'menu-list-item-container-height': if($exclude-hardcoded-values, null, 48px),
'menu-list-item-focus-label-text-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface'),
'menu-list-item-focus-state-layer-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface'),
'menu-list-item-focus-state-layer-opacity':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-state', 'focus-state-layer-opacity'),
'menu-list-item-hover-label-text-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface'),
'menu-list-item-hover-state-layer-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface'),
'menu-list-item-hover-state-layer-opacity':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-state', 'hover-state-layer-opacity'),
'menu-list-item-label-text-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface'),
'menu-list-item-label-text-font':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'body-large-font'),
'menu-list-item-label-text-line-height':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'body-large-line-height'),
'menu-list-item-label-text-size':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'body-large-size'),
'menu-list-item-label-text-tracking':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'body-large-tracking'),
'menu-list-item-label-text-type':
if(
$exclude-hardcoded-values,
null,
/** Warning: risk of reduced fidelity from using this composite typography token. Tokens md.comp.date-picker.docked.menu.list-item.label-text.tracking cannot be represented in the "font" property shorthand. Consider using the discrete properties instead. */
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'body-large-weight')
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'body-large-size') #{'/'} map.get(
$deps,
'md-sys-typescale',
'body-large-line-height'
) map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'body-large-font')
),
'menu-list-item-label-text-weight':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'body-large-weight'),
'menu-list-item-pressed-label-text-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface'),
'menu-list-item-pressed-state-layer-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface'),
'menu-list-item-pressed-state-layer-opacity':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-state', 'pressed-state-layer-opacity'),
'menu-list-item-selected-container-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'surface-variant'),
'menu-list-item-selected-focus-leading-icon-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface-variant'),
'menu-list-item-selected-hover-leading-icon-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface-variant'),
'menu-list-item-selected-leading-icon-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface'),
'menu-list-item-selected-leading-icon-size':
if($exclude-hardcoded-values, null, 24px),
'menu-list-item-selected-pressed-leading-icon-color':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface-variant'),
'weekdays-label-text-color': map.get($deps, 'md-sys-color', 'on-surface'),
'weekdays-label-text-font':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'body-large-font'),
'weekdays-label-text-line-height':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'body-large-line-height'),
'weekdays-label-text-size':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'body-large-size'),
'weekdays-label-text-tracking':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'body-large-tracking'),
'weekdays-label-text-type':
if(
$exclude-hardcoded-values,
null,
/** Warning: risk of reduced fidelity from using this composite typography token. Tokens md.comp.date-picker.docked.weekdays.label-text.tracking cannot be represented in the "font" property shorthand. Consider using the discrete properties instead. */
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'body-large-weight')
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'body-large-size') #{'/'} map.get(
$deps,
'md-sys-typescale',
'body-large-line-height'
) map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'body-large-font')
),
'weekdays-label-text-weight':
map.get($deps, 'md-sys-typescale', 'body-large-weight')
);
}
``` |
Siarhei Iosifavich Navumchyk (; , born January 15, 1961) is a Belarusian journalist and politician.
Navumchyk was born in Pastavy into a family of a Soviet state serviceman. In 1984 he graduated from the journalism faculty of the Belarusian State University in Minsk.
Navumchyk was member of the parliament of Belarus in 1990 - 1995 and one of the key members of the fraction of the Belarusian Popular Front.
On April 12, 1995, Navumchyk, along with other members of the parliamentary opposition, held a hunger strike and sitting protest against the controversial referendum initiated by president Alexander Lukashenko.
On March 26, 1996, Navumchyk fled from Belarus together with BPF party leader Zianon Pazniak. According to unverified information, the government of Alexander Lukashenko has ordered an arrest of Pazniak and Navumchyk, who both were prominent opposition figures.
Siarhei Navumchyk subsequently got political asylum in the United States and currently works for the Belarusian edition of Radio Liberty.
Since 1997, Siarhei Navumchyk is vice president of the Council of the Belarusian Democratic Republic in exile.
References
External links
Publications by Siarhei Navumchyk on the website of Radio Liberty
1961 births
Living people
People from Pastavy
BPF Party politicians
Conservative Christian Party – BPF politicians
Members of the Supreme Council of Belarus
Members of the Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic
Belarusian journalists
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty people
Belarusian expatriates in the Czech Republic
American expatriates in the Czech Republic |
The Hand of the Devil is a 2006 fantasy horror novel written by Dean Vincent Carter. It is centred on a young man named Ashley Reeves, a journalist for a science magazine Missing Link. He receives a letter from a Reginald G. Mather to see the only example of the Ganges Red mosquito on his island in the Lake District. Agreeing to his terms, Ashley travels to the island alone, and becomes stranded, and what was once a good story quickly transforms into a macabre nightmare.
Characters
Ashley Reeves -Ashley is the protagonist throughout the story. He is in love with Gina.
Dr. Reginald Mathers - Mathers sent a letter to Ashley Reeves inviting him to his house. He, somehow, came into possession of the Red Ganges mosquito to study it.
Dr. Alexander Soames: He and Dr Mathers studied medicine together.
Gina - Gina works at the same magazine as Ashley.
2006 British novels
British horror novels
Novels set in the Lake District
The Bodley Head books |
Live at Donington may refer to:
Donnington: The Live Tracks, an unsanctioned 1980 live album by Saxon recorded at Monsters of Rock, released 1995 and re-released 2000 as Live at Donnington 1980
At Donington UK: Live 1983 & 1987, a live album by Dio recorded in 1983 and 1987 at Monsters of Rock and released in 2010
Live at Donington: Monsters of Rock 1990, a live album by Thunder (band) recorded in 1990 at Monsters of Rock
Live at Donington 1990, a live album and DVD by Whitesnake, recorded in 1990 at Monsters of Rock and released in 2011
Live at Donington (AC/DC album), a live video release of the 1991 show at Monsters of Rock released in 1992 on VHS, 2003 on DVD and 2007 on Blu-ray
Live at Donington (Iron Maiden album), a live album and video recorded in 1992 at Monsters of Rock, released in 1993 and reissued in 1998 |
Aulacodes traversalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1914. It is found in Panama.
References
Acentropinae
Moths described in 1914
Moths of Central America |
Khanom babin (, ), also spelled as kanom babin, is a popular Thai dessert that comes from Ayutthaya. It is made from young coconut, rice flour, coconut milk, sugar and egg.
Khanom babin or coconut cake is one of the traditional desserts of Thailand. There are two ideas of the history of Khanom babin. The first idea is that Khanom Babin originated from the Amphoe Tha Ruea, Ayutthaya Province. During King Rama V's period, it was called Khanom Paabin and was made by aunt Bin. As time passed, it became called Khanom babin. The second idea is that Khanom babin was influenced by the queijada de Coimbra, which is a dessert from the Portuguese city of Coimbra. The origin of the name Khanom babin comes from the last word of queijada de Coimbra. This word ("Coimbra") ends in "-bra" which sounds like "ba" (Thai: บ้า). The Portuguese use cheese in the queijada de Coimbra, but Thais put in young coconut instead. The main ingredients of Khanom babin are glutinous flour, arrowroot, grated coconut, eggs, oil and sugar. It looks like a tiny pancake. The taste is not too sweet or greasy and it smells good. This dessert is commonly eaten on almost every occasion. However, Khanom babin is now hard to find because only a few vendors sell it. Khanom babin can be found in local open markets and at roadside stands.
See also
Thai cuisine
List of Thai desserts
References
Thai desserts and snacks |
Wlonice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wojciechowice, within Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately east of Wojciechowice, east of Opatów, and east of the regional capital Kielce.
References
Wlonice |
The Live Earth concert for North America was held at Giants Stadium, East Rutherford, New Jersey, United States (near New York City) on July 7, 2007.
Running order
In order of appearance:
Kenna - "Out Of Control", "Face The Gun", "Sun Red Sky Blue" (GS 14:30)
Kevin Bacon (presenter) (GS 14:55)
KT Tunstall - "Black Horse and the Cherry Tree", "Other Side of the World" and "Suddenly I See" (GS 15:00)
Dhani Jones (presenter) (GS 15:25)
Taking Back Sunday - "What's It Feel Like to Be a Ghost?", "Liar (It Takes One to Know One)", "My Blue Heaven", "MakeDamnSure" (GS 15:30)
Leonardo DiCaprio (presenter) (GS 15:55)
Al Gore (presenter) (GS 16:00)
Keith Urban - "Gimme Shelter" (with Alicia Keys), "Days Go By", "Stupid Boy", "I Told You So" (GS 16:05)
Petra Nemcova (presenter) (GS 16:30)
Ludacris - "Number One Spot", "Stand Up", "Yeah", "Pimpin' All Over the World", "Runaway Love", "Glamorous", "What's Your Fantasy", "Move Bitch" and "Money Maker" (GS 16:35)
Petra Nemcova (presenter) (GS 17:00)
AFI - "The Missing Frame", "Love Like Winter", "Ziggy Stardust" and "Miss Murder" (GS 17:05)
Fall Out Boy - "Sugar, We're Goin Down", "Thnks fr th Mmrs", "Dance, Dance" and "This Ain't a Scene, It's an Arms Race" with "I Write Sins Not Tragedies" intro (GS 17:30)
Akon - "Shake Down", "We Takin Over", "I Wanna Love You", "Smack That", "Don't Matter" and "Mama Africa" (GS 17:55)
Zach Braff (presenter) (GS 18:20)
John Mayer - "Belief", "Vultures", "Gravity" and "Waiting on the World to Change" (GS 23:25)
Kevin Bacon (presenter) (GS 18:40)
Melissa Etheridge - "Imagine That", "What Happens Tomorrow" and "I Need to Wake Up" (with "I Believe in Al Gore" interlude) (GS 18:45)
Al Gore (speech) (GS 19:10)
Randy Jackson (presenter) (GS 19:20)
Alicia Keys - "New York, New York"/"For the Love of Money"/"Living for the City", "Mercy Mercy Me", "That's The Thing About Love", "If I Ain't Got You" (GS 19:25)
Rachel Weisz (presenter) (GS 19:50)
Jane Goodall (speech) (GS 19:55)
Dave Matthews Band - "One Sweet World", "Don't Drink the Water", "Anyone Seen the Bridge?", "Too Much" (GS 20:05)
Abigail and Spencer Breslin (presenters) (GS 20:30)
Kelly Clarkson - "Walk Away", "How I Feel", "Never Again", "Sober" and "Since U Been Gone" (GS 20:35)
Rosario Dawson (presenter) (GS 21:00)
Kanye West - "Heard 'Em Say", "All Falls Down", "Gold Digger", "Stronger", "Diamonds from Sierra Leone", "Can't Tell Me Nothing", "Jesus Walks", "Touch the Sky" (GS 21:05)
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (speech) (GS 21:30)
Cameron Diaz and Al Gore (presenters) (GS 21:40)
Bon Jovi - "Lost Highway", "It's My Life", "Wanted Dead or Alive", "Who Says You Can't Go Home", "Livin' on a Prayer" (GS 21:45)
Alec Baldwin and James E. Hansen (presenters) (GS 22:10)
The Smashing Pumpkins - "United States", "Bullet with Butterfly Wings", "Tarantula", "Today" (GS 22:15)
Roger Waters - "In the Flesh?", "Money", "Us and Them", "Brain Damage/Eclipse", "The Happiest Days of Our Lives/Another Brick in the Wall, Part II" (with Trenton Youth Choir) (GS 22:40)
Cameron Diaz (presenter) (GS 23:05)
The Police - "Driven to Tears", "Roxanne", "Can't Stand Losing You/Reggatta de Blanc", "Message in a Bottle" (with John Mayer and Kanye West) (GS 23:30)
Al Gore with Tipper Gore (wrap-up) (GS 23:55)
John Mayer iTunes EP
On June 8, 2007, an EP containing the audio tracks of John Mayer's performances at Giants Stadium was released exclusively on iTunes.
Coverage
Television
In the U.S., NBC Universal's networks had exclusive television rights. The Giants Stadium show had a primetime slot on NBC.
In Canada, CTVglobemedia also had exclusive television rights to this event. The New Jersey concert aired live and uninterrupted on Much Music and highlights appeared on CTV throughout the day.
Satellite Radio
Live Earth was carried on all major satellite radio carriers in the US such as XM Satellite Radio and Sirius Satellite Radio.
Internet
Live Earth was broadcast live on liveearth.msn.com, where the entire concert could be seen on-demand until several months after the concerts.
2007 in American music
2007 in New Jersey
2007 concerts
July 2007 events in the United States
New York
Rock festivals in the United States
Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
Leonardo DiCaprio
Al Gore
Keith Urban
Alicia Keys
Ludacris
AFI (band)
Fall Out Boy
Akon
John Mayer
Melissa Etheridge
Jane Goodall
Dave Matthews Band
Kelly Clarkson
Kanye West
Cameron Diaz
Bon Jovi
The Smashing Pumpkins
Roger Waters
The Police |
The 1990 World's Strongest Man was the 13th edition of the World's Strongest Man competition and was won by Jón Páll Sigmarsson from Iceland. It was his fourth title after finishing third the previous year, and his last as he did not compete in any future event before his 1993 death. O.D. Wilson from the United States finished second, and Ilkka Nummisto from Finland finished third after finishing sixth the previous year. The contest was held in Joensuu, Finland.
Final results
References
External links
Official site
Many interviews with Worlds Strongest Man competitors and past winners - www.vikingstrength.com
1990 in sports
World's Strongest Man
1990 in Finland |
John Colin Campbell Davidson, 1st Viscount Davidson, (23 February 1889 – 11 December 1970), known before his elevation to the peerage as J. C. C. Davidson, was a British civil servant and Conservative Party politician, best known for his close alliance with Stanley Baldwin. Initially a civil servant, Davidson was private secretary to Bonar Law between 1915 and 1920. After entering parliament in 1920, he served under Baldwin as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster between 1923 and 1924 and as Parliamentary and Financial Secretary to the Admiralty between 1924 and 1926. From 1926 to 1930 he was Chairman of the Conservative Party. He was once again Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster between 1931 and 1937, firstly under Ramsay MacDonald and from 1935 onwards under Baldwin. On Baldwin's retirement in 1937, Davidson left the House of Commons and was ennobled as Viscount Davidson. Despite being only 48, he never took any further active part in politics. His wife Frances, Viscountess Davidson, succeeded him as MP for Hemel Hempstead. Lord Davidson died in London in 1970.
Background and education
Davidson was born at Aberdeen, the younger child and only son of Sir James Mackenzie Davidson, a physician and pioneer of X-rays, by Georgina Barbara Watt Henderson, daughter of William Henderson, of Aberdeen. His grandfather John Davidson had accumulated a large fortune in Argentina, of which Davidson inherited a half. He was educated at Fretherne House preparatory school, Westminster and Pembroke College, Cambridge, and was called to the Bar, Middle Temple, in 1913.
Civil service career, 1910–1920
After leaving Cambridge in 1910, Davidson joined the Colonial Office, where he became unpaid private secretary to Lord Crewe, the Secretary of State for the Colonies. He continued in this post when Lewis Harcourt succeeded Crewe as Colonial secretary at the end of 1910. Davidson was anxious to serve in the First World War, but Harcourt considered him so valuable that he managed to convince him to stay at the Colonial Office. In 1915 Bonar Law replaced Harcourt as head of the Colonial Office, and was urged to retain Davidson as private secretary. They became close friends and Law came to rely as heavily on Davidson as Harcourt had done.
In December 1916 Bonar Law was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer and Leader of the House of Commons and insisted on taking Davidson with him as private secretary. Davidson managed to persuade Bonar Law to employ Stanley Baldwin as his Parliamentary Private Secretary, a move that would have far-reaching consequences for Davidson himself and for the nation's history. Baldwin had up until then been an obscure back-bench MP, but his appointment as PPS to Bonar Law was his first move on the ladder of promotion. Davidson and Baldwin developed a close friendship which lasted until Baldwin's death in 1947. In 1918 he was responsible for the final draft of the "coupon" endorsing parliamentary candidates in the general election as representatives of the coalition government. In 1919 he was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB).
Political career, 1920–1937
Davidson entered parliament unopposed for Hemel Hempstead in 1920 by-election and became Parliamentary Private Secretary to Bonar Law, then Lord Privy Seal and Leader of the House of Commons. The latter resigned on the grounds of ill health in May 1921, when Davidson became PPS to Stanley Baldwin, who by then had become President of the Board of Trade. The following year he urged Bonar Law to return and accept the leadership of the Conservative Party if the party voted against continuing the coalition government headed by David Lloyd George. Despite the wishes of the party leadership, a majority of MP's voted against continuing the coalition at the Carlton Club meeting in October 1922. Austen Chamberlain resigned as party leader and was succeeded by Bonar Law. Shortly afterwards Bonar Law was asked to form a government and once again appointed Davidson as his Parliamentary Private Secretary and unofficial unpaid private secretary.
Bonar Law resigned in May 1923 after his health collapsed. Davidson was made a Companion of Honour the same month. Stanley Baldwin was chosen to succeed Bonar Law as Prime Minister over the claims of Lord Curzon. In his biography of Davidson in the Dictionary of National Biography, Robert Blake writes that Davidson's role in the appointment of Baldwin remains a puzzle. Lord Stamfordham, George V's private secretary, sounded out Davidson on Bonar Law's wishes for his successor. Bonar Law, now gravely ill, asked not to be involved, but it was apparent that he favoured Baldwin although he could not overlook the claims of party grandee, Curzon. In 1954, a memorandum was found in the Royal Archives that had obviously been dictated by Davidson and clearly argued for the claims of Baldwin over Curzon. The note had been handed over to Stamfordham by Sir Ronald Waterhouse, another of Bonar Law's secretaries, at the same time as his official resignation as Prime Minister. Stamfordham had noted on the memorandum that it "practically expressed the views of Mr. Bonar Law". According to Blake, there was nothing in the memorandum to substantiate that claim. Davidson subsequently said that he had dictated the note after being asked by Stamfordham about the opinion of back-bench MP's. However, Blake argued, "In any case, the result [Baldwin as Bonar Law's successor] was affected only marginally. The King's decision was firmly based on his own good sense and the powerful arguments of Balfour against the choice of a peer as prime minister".
After the appointment of Baldwin as prime minister, Davidson entered the government as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and effectively continued as the prime minister's private secretary. However, he lost his seat in parliament at the general election of December 1923, but regained it already in the general election in October the following year. Baldwin once again formed an administration after the brief first-ever 1924 Labour government, and made Davidson Parliamentary and Financial Secretary to the Admiralty. In this post he was forced to deal with cuts in naval expenditure proposed by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Winston Churchill, especially regarding the construction of new cruisers. He served as deputy chief civil commissioner during the general strike of 1926, with responsibility for publicity. He also managed the short-lived British Gazette during the strike and arranged for the broadcasting of official bulletins.
In 1926 Davidson left the government to take up the post of Chairman of the Conservative Party, which he remained until 1930. He was primarily charged with raising cash for the party and cleaning up the honours system, which had fallen into disrepute following informal cash-for-honours system instigated by Lloyd George in 1918. He was also the driving force behind the establishment of Ashridge in memory of Bonar Law. In 1928 he was sworn of the Privy Council. According to Blake, Davidson "left a lasting imprint on the organization of the party, including the creation of the Research Department, and many of the changes attributed to his successor, Neville Chamberlain, were in fact his". However, Davidson came under criticism after the defeat at the 1929 general election and resigned in 1930.
In November 1931 Davidson was once again appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in the National Government headed by Ramsay MacDonald. He was chairman of the Indian States inquiry committee and travelled to India in 1932 and was made a member of the joint select committee whose proposals resulted in the Government of India Act 1935. He declined the governorship of Bombay. He invited Joachim von Ribbentrop to meet with Stanley Baldwin for the first time in Westminster to discuss Hitler's ideas about equality in armaments. He remained Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster when Baldwin became Prime Minister for the third time in 1935, although he was never a member of the cabinet. The latter year he was also made a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO). He stepped from the government and the House of Commons after Neville Chamberlain became Prime Minister in May 1937. The following June he was elevated to the peerage as Viscount Davidson, of Little Gaddesden in the County of Hertford. He was succeeded as MP by his wife, Frances, Viscountess Davidson (see below).
Later career, 1937–1970
Despite being only 48 at the time of his elevation to the peerage, Davidson took no further active part in political life. He remained involved with Ashridge and his business affairs. During the Second World War he was with the Ministry of Information between 1940 and 1941 and made an official tour of South America in 1942. This was followed in 1943 with his foundation of Canning House, an important centre for Latin American culture and education. Blake writes of Davidson: "A man of much charm and geniality, bespectacled and ruddy complexioned, Davidson could be very tough. He was essentially one who operated behind the scenes rather than on the front of the stage. A streak of Scottish puritanism put him emphatically on the side of the 'respectable'. He had no sympathy with the buccaneers – Lloyd George, Churchill, Birkenhead, Beaverbrook. He was deeply devoted to Baldwin who owed a great debt to his advice, companionship, and support."
Family
Lord Davidson married Frances Joan "Mimi" Dickinson, daughter of Sir Willoughby Dickinson, later Lord Dickinson of Painswick, in 1919. They had two sons and two daughters (Margaret, Jean, Andrew and Malcolm).
Lady Davidson remained MP for Hemel Hempstead until 1959, and was created a life peer as Baroness Northchurch in 1963. Lord and Lady Davidson thereby became one of the few couples who both held titles in their own right.
Lord Davidson died in London in December 1970, aged 81, and was succeeded by his eldest son Andrew, 2nd Viscount Davidson, who also became a Conservative government minister. Andrew died in 2012 and the title passed to his brother Malcolm, 3rd Viscount Davidson.
The Viscountess Davidson died in November 1985, aged 91. Their second daughter Jean Elizabeth married the Hon. Charles Strutt, son of Lord Rayleigh, and have three children, the youngest of whom is John Gerald Strutt, 6th Baron Rayleigh, and the eldest sits in the House of Lords as Baroness Jenkin of Kennington.
In popular culture
Davidson was featured prominently in Jack Thorne's 2023 play When Winston Went to War with the Wireless, played by Ravin J Ganatra.
Arms
References
External links
Portrait of J. C. C. Davidson, 1st Viscount Davidson, at the National Portrait Gallery.
Parliamentary Archives, Papers of John Campbell Davidson MP, 1889-1970
1889 births
1970 deaths
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Parliamentary Private Secretaries to the Prime Minister
Chancellors of the Duchy of Lancaster
Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Conservative Party (UK) hereditary peers
UK MPs 1918–1922
UK MPs 1922–1923
UK MPs 1924–1929
UK MPs 1929–1931
UK MPs 1931–1935
UK MPs 1935–1945
UK MPs who were granted peerages
People educated at Westminster School, London
Spouses of life peers
Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge
Chairmen of the Conservative Party (UK)
Viscounts created by George VI |
Texingtal is a town in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria. It was the birthplace of Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuß.
Population
References
Cities and towns in Melk District |
Boddin is a coastal village in Angus, Scotland, two miles south of Montrose.
There are lime kilns at Boddin Point.
References
Villages in Angus, Scotland
Lime kilns in Scotland |
(The Love of the Three Kings) is an opera in three acts by Italo Montemezzi. Its Italian-language libretto was written by playwright Sem Benelli who based it on his play of the same title.
Performance history
L'amore de tre re premiered at La Scala in Milan on 10 April 1913. It received mixed reviews, but quickly became an international success, especially in the United States, where it became a staple of the repertory for several decades. The opera was given its American premiere in New York at the Metropolitan Opera on 14 March 1918 with Enrico Caruso, Claudia Muzio and Pasquale Amato. After the Second World War, the frequency of performances declined dramatically, and it was not performed in the US for nearly 30 years. It is still performed only rarely.
Roles
Synopsis
Time: The Dark Ages
Place: Italy
Archibaldo, the blind king, conquered the kingdom of Altura forty years before the opera begins. After forty years, the Alturan people openly object to the reign of the Germanic Archibaldo. Archibaldo recounts his memories of the thrill of conquest, and his reminiscence equates the invasion of Italy to the winning of a beautiful woman.
The story unfolds as we learn that Archibaldo's son Manfredo has been married to the native Alturan princess Fiora. But Fiora is having an affair with another Alturan prince, Avito. Although Archibaldo suspects Fiora of infidelity, he falls short of proof, since he is blind, and his own Alturan servants do not cooperate with him in uncovering the affair.
In the first two acts there are various scenarios played out with mounting intensity. There are two love duets between Avito and Fiora, and a scene in which Manfredo pours out his love for Fiora and begs her to show him affection. All of these are interspersed with scenes in which Archibaldo questions Fiora. Finally, enraged, Archibaldo strangles her at the end of the second act.
In the final act, Fiora's body is laid in a crypt, and the people of Altura mourn for her. Archibaldo has secretly poisoned Fiora's lips, so that her lover will die. Avito kisses Fiora's lips. As he dies from the poison, Avito reveals to Manfredo that he was Fiora's lover, and that Archibaldo has laid the poison. Stricken with grief at the loss of the woman he loved, Manfredo also kisses Fiora's lips. Finally, Archibaldo enters to see if his trap has caught Fiora's lover, and despairs as he hears the voice of his dying son.
Music
The music of the opera is lush and complex. Similar to works such as Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande, the orchestra frequently reveals the subtext of the interactions between the characters. Montemezzi himself held that Archibaldo is not only suspicious of Fiora, but also desires her himself. The orchestration, in surges of rich density, also marks how characters move into states of very deep passion. When the characters are moved into these states, the music has a very distinct, transcendent and dreamlike quality.
Recordings
1941 – Grace Moore, Charles Kullman, Richard Bonelli, Ezio Pinza, New York MET, Italo Montemezzi – (Eklipse, 15 February 1941)
1951 – Clara Petrella, , Renato Capecchi, Sesto Bruscantini, Milan RAI Lyric Orchestra, Arturo Basile – (Cetra Records, 1951)
1969 – Luisa Malagrida, Pierre Duval, Enzo Sordello, Ezio Flagello, Orchestra Sinfonica e Coro di Roma, Richard Karp – (Delphi, 1969)
1973 – Ileana Meriggioli, Pedro Lavitgen, Attilio D'Orazi, Dimiter Petkov. L'Orchestra e Coro Gran Teatro del Liceo Barcelona, Ivo Savini, 24 November 1973 (Arkadia HO 607.2)
1974 – Virginia Zeani, Ennio Buoso, Giulio Fioravanti, Nicola Rossi-Lemeni Orchestra e Coro della RAI Milano, Maurizio Arena, 28 March 1974 (House of Opera, New York)
1976 – Anna Moffo, Plácido Domingo, Pablo Elvira, Cesare Siepi, Ryland Davies, Ambrosian Opera Chorus, London Symphony Orchestra, Nello Santi – (RCA Red Seal, July 1976)
See also
La nave, 1918 opera by Montemezzi
L'incantesimo, 1943 opera by Montemezzi
References
Further reading
Chandler, David, editor (2014) Americans on Italo Montemezzi, Durrant Publishing 2014
Aldrich, Richard (14 February 1915). "The Reappearance of Montemezzi's Opera, L'Amore dei tre re – Some Merits of Its Originality". The New York Times. Accessed 19 April 2011.
The New York Times (9 November 1916). "Love of Three Kings Sung, Riccardo Martin and Luisa Villani in Montemezzi's Opera". Accessed 19 April 2011.
Fifield, Christopher (December 2001). Recording review: L'amore Dei Tre Re (1950), Warner Fonit 8573 874787. MusicWeb International. Accessed 19 April 2011.
Grout, Donald Jay and Williams, Hermine Weigel (2003). A Short History of Opera, 4th edition. Columbia University Press.
Jell, George Clarence (1933). Master Builders of Opera. Ayer Publishing (reprint).
Mallach, Alan (2007). The Autumn of Italian Opera: From Verismo to Modernism, 1890–1915. Northeastern University Press.
Shoemaker, Paul (May 2003). "Recording review: L'amore Dei Tre Re (1941), Guild GHCD 2234–5. MusicWeb International. Accessed 19 April 2011.
Metropolitan Opera Archives. L'amore dei tre re, US premiere, 2 January 1914. Accessed 19 April 2011.
External links
Review of the 2006 revival by the Opera Orchestra of New York, operatoday.com
Italian-language operas
Verismo operas
Operas
1913 operas
Operas by Italo Montemezzi
Operas based on plays
Operas set in Italy |
```java
/*
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
*/
package org.apache.bookkeeper.mledger.offload.jcloud;
import org.apache.bookkeeper.common.annotation.InterfaceAudience.LimitedPrivate;
import org.apache.bookkeeper.common.annotation.InterfaceStability.Unstable;
/**
* The Index Entry in OffloadIndexBlock.
* It consists of the message entry id, the tiered storage block part id for this message entry,
* and the offset in tiered storage block for this message id.
*/
@Unstable
@LimitedPrivate
public interface OffloadIndexEntry {
/**
* Get the entryId that this entry contains.
*/
long getEntryId();
/**
* Get the block part id of tiered storage.
*/
int getPartId();
/**
* Get the offset of this block within the object.
*/
long getOffset();
/**
* Get the offset of the block's data within the object.
*/
long getDataOffset();
}
``` |
Roccavivara is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Campobasso in the Italian region Molise, located about north of Campobasso.
Roccavivara borders the following municipalities: Castelguidone, Castelmauro, Celenza sul Trigno, Montefalcone nel Sannio, San Giovanni Lipioni, Trivento.
References
Cities and towns in Molise |
Adesmia acuta is an endemic perennial shrub found in Argentina.
References
acuta
Flora of Argentina |
Esko Olavi Ahonen (born June 13, 1955 in Evijärvi) is a Finnish politician and member of the parliament from the Centre Party. He was elected to Parliament of Finland in 2003 for the constituency of Vaasa. In the 2011 election he was dropped out of the parliament.
References
1955 births
Living people
People from Evijärvi
Centre Party (Finland) politicians
Members of the Parliament of Finland (2003–2007)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (2007–2011) |
Canary Island is a locality in north central Victoria, Australia. The locality is in the Shire of Loddon and on the Loddon River, north west of the state capital, Melbourne. The locality is an inland island formed by Twelve Mile Creek - an anabranch of the Loddon River.
At the , Canary Island had a population of 10.
References
External links
Towns in Victoria (state)
Shire of Loddon |
The 2019 Soeratin Cup season is the 17th season of Soeratin Cup national round, an official football tournament which is intended for footballers under the age of seventeen and fifteen held by PSSI. The qualifying round already held in 2018.
Under-17
The national round of Soeratin Cup U-17 held in Malang Regency and Blitar. Matches are held in Gelora Brantas Stadium and Kusuma Agrowisata Stadium in Batu, Paskhas Stadium and Arhanud Stadium in Malang, and also Gelora Supriyadi Stadium in Blitar for third place and final. Thirty-two teams from each provincial association competed. The round began on 27 January 2019 and finished with a final on 9 February 2019.
PKN Penajam Utama U17s from East Kalimantan were the defending champions. But they were eliminated in the group stage.
Persebaya U17s from East Java won the title, defeating Persipan U17s 2–0 in the final.
Teams
Group stage
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Group 5
Group 6
Group 7
Group 8
Knockout stage
Round of 16
|}
Quarter-finals
|}
Semi-finals
|}
Third place
|}
Final
|}
Under-15
The national round of Soeratin Cup U-15 held in Blitar Regency. Matches were held in Gelora Supriyadi Stadium and Gelora Bumi Penataran Stadium. Twenty-one teams from each provincial association was planned to compete. But before the tournament start, three teams withdrew, leaving only 18 teams competed. The round began on 27 January 2019 and finished with a final on 7 February 2019.
Askot Bandung from West Java were the defending champions, but they could not defend their title because they did not qualify for the national round.
SSB All Star Rahuning U15s from North Sumatra won the title, defeating Persis U15s 2–1 after extra time.
Teams
Group stage
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Group 5
Group 6
Knockout stage
Quarter-finals
|}
Semi-finals
|}
Third place
|}
Final
|}
See also
2019 Liga 1
2019 Liga 2
2019 Liga 3
2018–19 Piala Indonesia
References
Piala Soeratin
Piala Soeratin
Piala Soeratin
Soeratin Cup |
New Clear Child is the third and final studio album by A.R. Kane, released in September 1994 on Luaka Bop. It was recorded in London and San Francisco and produced with Chris Cuben-Tatum. The album's closing track, "Sea Like a Child", was released in June as the lead single.
Recording
After the "i" album (1989), A.R. Kane's Rudy Tambala purchased a London studio and began producing for other artists, and Alex Ayuli moved to California to pursue other interests. A couple years later, according to Tambala, David Byrne’s Luaka Bop label reached out to the duo and asked if they would be interested in recording a new album. Tambala explained, "so we got together, but I think it wasn't a great experience for either of us in the end. I think we'd grown apart a little creatively, we'd had different experiences." Tambala noted that he and Ayuli wrote songs separately and then brought them into the studio, which contrasted with how the duo had previously worked and which led to friction between them.
Reception
Simon Reynolds of Spin described the album's musical style as "jazz-tinged pop-funk" and criticized the album's "New Age nursery-rhyme lyrics". Allmusic's Ned Raggett complimented opening track "Deep Blue Breath" but said the album as a whole "simply doesn't cut the mustard compared to the stellar heights of the band's past work". Neil Kulkarni of The Quietus wrote: "You got the sense, listening, that Rudy and Alex were too apart, & consequently the recording process too bitty & piecemeal to make a coherent album." In a review of the album for Option magazine, Bill Meyer wrote that the "languidly crooned vocals, gently insinuating grooves, and smooth arrangements make 'New Clear Child' top drawer make-out music" and that the sparse production separates the album from typical "quiet storm fodder".
Track listing
References
1994 albums
A.R. Kane albums |
The canton of Cannes-2 is an administrative division of the Alpes-Maritimes department, southeastern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Cannes.
It consists of the following communes:
Cannes (partly)
References
Cantons of Alpes-Maritimes |
Davis Young Paschall (October 2, 1911 – October 25, 2001) was the twenty second president of the College of William & Mary, serving from 1960 to 1971. Prior to that, he served as Superintendent of Public Instruction for the Commonwealth of Virginia from 1957 to 1960, during the state-decreed period of Massive Resistance. During his superintendency public schools in the state were closed by gubernatorial and legislative fiat and subsequently, Dr. Paschall took steps to reopen those schools during the federal requirements.
His papers from his time as president of the College of William & Mary can be found in the Special Collections Research Center at the College of William & Mary.
Death
On the 25 October 2001, 23 days after his 90th birthday, Paschall died from natural causes.
References
External links
Finding aid for the Davis Young Paschall Collection
Finding aid for Office of the President. Davis Young Paschall
SCRC Wiki page for Davis Young Paschall
2001 deaths
Presidents of the College of William & Mary
College of William & Mary alumni
State cabinet secretaries of Virginia
1911 births
20th-century American politicians |
```c++
/*!
@file
Forward declares `boost::hana::Searchable`.
@copyright Louis Dionne 2013-2017
(See accompanying file LICENSE.md or copy at path_to_url
*/
#ifndef BOOST_HANA_FWD_CONCEPT_SEARCHABLE_HPP
#define BOOST_HANA_FWD_CONCEPT_SEARCHABLE_HPP
#include <boost/hana/config.hpp>
BOOST_HANA_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
//! @ingroup group-concepts
//! @defgroup group-Searchable Searchable
//! The `Searchable` concept represents structures that can be searched.
//!
//! Intuitively, a `Searchable` is any structure, finite or infinite,
//! containing elements that can be searched using a predicate. Sometimes,
//! `Searchable`s will associate keys to values; one can search for a key
//! with a predicate, and the value associated to it is returned. This
//! gives rise to map-like data structures. Other times, the elements of
//! the structure that are searched (i.e. those to which the predicate is
//! applied) are the same that are returned, which gives rise to set-like
//! data structures. In general, we will refer to the _keys_ of a
//! `Searchable` structure as those elements that are used for searching,
//! and to the _values_ of a `Searchable` as those elements that are
//! returned when a search is successful. As was explained, there is no
//! requirement that both notions differ, and it is often useful to have
//! keys and values coincide (think about `std::set`).
//!
//! Some methods like `any_of`, `all_of` and `none_of` allow simple queries
//! to be performed on the keys of the structure, while other methods like
//! `find` and `find_if` make it possible to find the value associated
//! to a key. The most specific method should always be used if one
//! cares about performance, because it is usually the case that heavy
//! optimizations can be performed in more specific methods. For example,
//! an associative data structure implemented as a hash table will be much
//! faster to access using `find` than `find_if`, because in the second
//! case it will have to do a linear search through all the entries.
//! Similarly, using `contains` will likely be much faster than `any_of`
//! with an equivalent predicate.
//!
//! > __Insight__\n
//! > In a lazy evaluation context, any `Foldable` can also become a model
//! > of `Searchable` because we can search lazily through the structure
//! > with `fold_right`. However, in the context of C++, some `Searchable`s
//! > can not be folded; think for example of an infinite set.
//!
//!
//! Minimal complete definition
//! ---------------------------
//! `find_if` and `any_of`
//!
//! When `find_if` and `any_of` are provided, the other functions are
//! implemented according to the laws explained below.
//!
//! @note
//! We could implement `any_of(xs, pred)` by checking whether
//! `find_if(xs, pred)` is an empty `optional` or not, and then reduce
//! the minimal complete definition to `find_if`. However, this is not
//! done because that implementation requires the predicate of `any_of`
//! to return a compile-time `Logical`, which is more restrictive than
//! what we have right now.
//!
//!
//! Laws
//! ----
//! In order for the semantics of the methods to be consistent, some
//! properties must be satisfied by any model of the `Searchable` concept.
//! Rigorously, for any `Searchable`s `xs` and `ys` and any predicate `p`,
//! the following laws should be satisfied:
//! @code
//! any_of(xs, p) <=> !all_of(xs, negated p)
//! <=> !none_of(xs, p)
//!
//! contains(xs, x) <=> any_of(xs, equal.to(x))
//!
//! find(xs, x) == find_if(xs, equal.to(x))
//! find_if(xs, always(false_)) == nothing
//!
//! is_subset(xs, ys) <=> all_of(xs, [](auto x) { return contains(ys, x); })
//! is_disjoint(xs, ys) <=> none_of(xs, [](auto x) { return contains(ys, x); })
//! @endcode
//!
//! Additionally, if all the keys of the `Searchable` are `Logical`s,
//! the following laws should be satisfied:
//! @code
//! any(xs) <=> any_of(xs, id)
//! all(xs) <=> all_of(xs, id)
//! none(xs) <=> none_of(xs, id)
//! @endcode
//!
//!
//! Concrete models
//! ---------------
//! `hana::map`, `hana::optional`, `hana::range`, `hana::set`,
//! `hana::string`, `hana::tuple`
//!
//!
//! Free model for builtin arrays
//! -----------------------------
//! Builtin arrays whose size is known can be searched as-if they were
//! homogeneous tuples. However, since arrays can only hold objects of
//! a single type and the predicate to `find_if` must return a compile-time
//! `Logical`, the `find_if` method is fairly useless. For similar reasons,
//! the `find` method is also fairly useless. This model is provided mainly
//! because of the `any_of` method & friends, which are both useful and
//! compile-time efficient.
//!
//!
//! Structure preserving functions
//! ------------------------------
//! Given two `Searchables` `S1` and `S2`, a function
//! @f$ f : S_1(X) \to S_2(X) @f$ is said to preserve the `Searchable`
//! structure if for all `xs` of data type `S1(X)` and predicates
//! @f$ \mathtt{pred} : X \to Bool @f$ (for a `Logical` `Bool`),
//! @code
//! any_of(xs, pred) if and only if any_of(f(xs), pred)
//! find_if(xs, pred) == find_if(f(xs), pred)
//! @endcode
//!
//! This is really just a generalization of the following, more intuitive
//! requirements. For all `xs` of data type `S1(X)` and `x` of data type
//! `X`,
//! @code
//! x ^in^ xs if and only if x ^in^ f(xs)
//! find(xs, x) == find(f(xs), x)
//! @endcode
//!
//! These requirements can be understood as saying that `f` does not
//! change the content of `xs`, although it may reorder elements.
//! As usual, such a structure-preserving transformation is said to
//! be an embedding if it is also injective, i.e. if it is a lossless
//! transformation.
template <typename S>
struct Searchable;
BOOST_HANA_NAMESPACE_END
#endif // !BOOST_HANA_FWD_CONCEPT_SEARCHABLE_HPP
``` |
The Fernández Anchorena Palace is an architecturally significant former residence in the Recoleta section of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Today, it serves as the Apostolic Nunciature in Argentina.
Overview
The mansion was commissioned by Juan Antonio Fernández and his wife, Rosa de Anchorena, to Eduardo Le Monnier (18731931), a French Argentine architect. Designed in 1907 in the Second Empire style favored among Argentine high society at the time, the palace was completed in 1909, though the couple never inhabited the Alvear Avenue landmark.
The family made the mansion available for social occasions and public ceremonies in subsequent years; from 1922 to 1928, most notably, it served as the official residence to the President of Argentina, Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear, and his wife, the opera chanteuse Regina Pacini de Alvear.
The mansion was sold to Adelia María Harilaos de Olmos, the widow of prominent Córdoba Province landowner Ambrosio Harilaos de Olmos, in 1940. The founder of the Catholic Ladies' League and financier of a working women's assistance fund, a number of churches and a hospital pavilion bequeathed the residence to the Holy See, in 1947. Upon her death in 1949, it became the Apostolic Nunciature in Argentina; the Pope at the time, Pius XII, had been a guest of hers (as Cardinal Pacelli) for his stay in Buenos Aires on occasion of the Eucharistic Congress held in 1934.
References
Palaces in Buenos Aires
Diplomatic missions in Buenos Aires
Houses completed in 1909
Neoclassical architecture in Argentina
Neoclassical palaces |
```julia
#!/usr/bin/env julia
#
# @license Apache-2.0
#
#
#
# path_to_url
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
import Distributions: var, Hypergeometric
import JSON
"""
gen( N, K, n, name )
Generate fixture data and write to file.
# Arguments
* `N`: population size
* `K`: subpopulation size
* `n`: number of draws
* `name::AbstractString`: output filename
# Examples
``` julia
julia> N = round.( ( rand( 1000 ) .* 200 ) .+ 20 );
julia> K = round.( rand( 1000 ) .* N );
julia> n = round.( rand( 1000 ) .* K );
julia> gen( N, K, n, "data.json" );
```
"""
function gen( N, K, n, name )
z = Array{Float64}( undef, length(N) );
for i in eachindex(N)
z[ i ] = var( Hypergeometric( K[i], N[i] - K[i], n[i] ) );
end
# Store data to be written to file as a collection:
data = Dict([
("N", N),
("K", K),
("n", n),
("expected", z)
]);
# Based on the script directory, create an output filepath:
filepath = joinpath( dir, name );
# Write the data to the output filepath as JSON:
outfile = open( filepath, "w" );
write( outfile, JSON.json(data) );
write( outfile, "\n" );
close( outfile );
end
# Get the filename:
file = @__FILE__;
# Extract the directory in which this file resides:
dir = dirname( file );
# Generate fixtures:
N = round.( ( rand( 100 ) .* 200 ) .+ 20 );
K = round.( rand( 100 ) .* N );
n = round.( rand( 100 ) .* K );
gen( N, K, n, "data.json" );
``` |
Toska or Toskas may refer to the following:
Places
Toska, Island in Norway
Toska, Struga, former village in North Macedonia
Toska, Iran, village in Iran
People
Surname Toska
Ajet Toska (born 1961), Albanian hammer thrower
David Toska (born 1975), Norwegian bank robber
Haki Toska (1920 – 1994), Albanian politician
Klajdi Toska (born 1994), Albanian footballer
Surname Toskas
Dimitris Toskas (born 1991), Greek footballer
Grigoris Toskas (born 1983), Greek footballer
Nikos Toskas (born 1952), Greek general
Other
Toska, the transliterated (from Russian "Тоска") name of the Anton Checkov story that translates as "Misery"
See also
Toka (disambiguation)
Tonka (disambiguation)
Tosa (disambiguation)
Tosca (disambiguation)
Troska (disambiguation)
Tuska (disambiguation)
Tyska (disambiguation) |
The Isotta Fraschini Asso 200 was a water-cooled inline engine developed by Isotta Fraschini in the late 1920s.
Design and development
Fabrica Automobili Isotta Fraschini (Isotta Fraschini) was founded in 1898 to manufacture cars and internal combustion engines. Isotta Fraschini engines powered many Italian airships and military aircraft during WWI, becoming one of the largest engine producers in Italy. At the outbreak of WWII Isotta Fraschini had a large portfolio of engines but suffered from a lack of large orders, with a few exceptions.
The Asso 200 had cylinders made of carbon steel separated from each other, joined by a single aluminum head. The cylinders with the related cylinder heads, the upper crankcase, the crankshaft and the pistons were identical to the other engines in the series.
Applications
Breda A.2
Breda A.9
Breda Ba.25/Mezzo-Asso
CANT 7ter
CANT 18 and 18bis
CANT 22
CANT 23
CANT 36
Macchi M.7
Macchi M.18
Specifications
See also
References
1920s aircraft piston engines
Asso 200 |
The 5th Kure Special Naval Landing Force (5th Kure SNLF) was a naval infantry battalion of the Imperial Japanese Navy's Special Naval Landing Forces.
The unit was formed at the Kure Naval District on May 1, 1942, in anticipation for the Battle of Midway. Following the IJN's defeat at Midway, part of the 5th Kure SNLF participated as one of the main landing forces in battle of Milne Bay. The unit survived the battle, albeit with considerable casualties and was disbanded shortly afterwards.
Commanders
Commander Shojiro Hayashi
Citations
References
Military units and formations of Japan in World War II
Special Landing Forces of the Imperial Japanese Navy |
Michael Aheam (or true surname Ahern) was an American sailor born in County Cork, Ireland. He received the Medal of Honor for valor in action during the American Civil War. There is an Ahern family genealogy that has a Michael Ahern listed, who was born in County Cork about 1834, but there is no reference to any Civil War Union Navy service of any kind.
Aheam was illegally recruited in Queenstown, Ireland in November 1863 along with several others, and officially enlisted in the US Navy from France. He served as a Paymaster's Steward aboard the during her battle with the commerce raider on June 19, 1864, off Cherbourg, France. His Medal of Honor citation (dated December 31, 1864) noted that he had been "highly recommended" by his divisional officer after "carrying out his duties courageously" and exhibiting "gallantry under enemy fire" with "marked coolness and good conduct". He was one of seventeen Kearsarge sailors who received the medal for valor during this battle.
Medal of Honor citation
Rank and organization: Paymaster's Steward, U.S. Navy. Enlisted in: France. G.O. No.: 45, December 31, 1864.
Citation:
Served on board the U.S.S. Kearsarge when she destroyed the Alabama off Cherbourg, France, June 19, 1864. Carrying out his duties courageously, PmS. Aheam exhibited marked coolness and good conduct and was highly recommended by his divisional officer for gallantry under enemy fire.
See also
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: A–F
References
Year of birth missing
Union Navy sailors
United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor
Irish-born Medal of Honor recipients
1907 deaths
Military personnel from County Cork |
Bolshiye Ugly () is a rural locality (a village) in Voskresenskoye Rural Settlement, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 23 as of 2002.
Geography
Bolshiye Ugly is located north of Cherepovets (the district's administrative centre) by road. Malye Ugly is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Cherepovetsky District |
In computer science, a fractal tree index is a tree data structure that keeps data sorted and allows searches and sequential access in the same time as a B-tree but with insertions and deletions that are asymptotically faster than a B-tree. Like a B-tree, a fractal tree index is a generalization of a binary search tree in that a node can have more than two children. Furthermore, unlike a B-tree, a fractal tree index has buffers at each node, which allow insertions, deletions and other changes to be stored in intermediate locations. The goal of the buffers is to schedule disk writes so that each write performs a large amount of useful work, thereby avoiding the worst-case performance of B-trees, in which each disk write may change a small amount of data on disk. Like a B-tree, fractal tree indexes are optimized for systems that read and write large blocks of data. The fractal tree index has been commercialized in databases by Tokutek. Originally, it was implemented as a cache-oblivious lookahead array, but the current implementation is an extension of the Bε tree. The Bε is related to the Buffered Repository Tree. The Buffered Repository Tree has degree 2, whereas the Bε tree has degree Bε. The fractal tree index has also been used in a prototype filesystem. An open source implementation of the fractal tree index is available, which demonstrates the implementation details outlined below.
Overview
In fractal tree indexes, internal (non-leaf) nodes can have a variable number of child nodes within some pre-defined range. When data is inserted or removed from a node, its number of child nodes changes. In order to maintain the pre-defined range, internal nodes may be joined or split. Each internal node of a B-tree will contain a number of keys that is one less than its branching factor. The keys act as separation values which divide its subtrees. Keys in subtrees are stored in search tree order, that is, all keys in a subtree are between the two bracketing values. In this regard, they are just like B-trees.
Fractal tree indexes and B-trees both exploit the fact that when a node is fetched from storage, a block of memory, whose size is denoted by , is fetched. Thus, nodes are tuned to be of size approximately . Since access to storage can dominate the running time of a data structure, the time-complexity of external memory algorithms is dominated by the number of read/writes a data structure induces. (See, e.g., for the following analyses.)
In a B-tree, this means that the number of keys in a node is targeted to be enough to fill the node, with some variability for node splits and merges. For the purposes of theoretical analysis, if keys fit in a node, then the tree has depth , and this is the I/O complexity of both searches and insertions.
Fractal trees nodes use a smaller branching factor, say, of . The depth of the tree is then , thereby matching the B-tree asymptotically. The remaining space in each node is used to buffer insertions, deletion and updates, which we refer to in aggregate as messages. When a buffer is full, it is flushed to the children in bulk. There are several choices for how the buffers are flushed, all leading to similar I/O complexity. Each message in a node buffer will be flushed to a particular child, as determined by its key. Suppose, for concreteness, that messages are flushed that are heading to the same child, and that among the children, we pick the one with the most messages. Then there are at least messages that can be flushed to the child. Each flush requires flushes, and therefore the per-message cost of a flush is .
Consider the cost of an insertion. Each message gets flushed times, and the cost of a flush is . Therefore, the cost of an insertion is . Finally, note that the branching factor can vary, but for any branching factor , the cost of a flush is , thereby providing a smooth tradeoff between search cost, which depends on the depth of the search tree, and therefore the branching factor, versus the insertion time, which depends on the depth of the tree but more sensitively on the size of the buffer flushes.
Comparisons with other external-memory indexes
This section compares fractal tree indexes with other external memory indexing data structures. The theoretical literature on this topic is very large, so this discussion is limited to a comparison with popular data structures that are in use in databases and file systems.
B-trees
The search time of a B-tree is asymptotically the same as that of a fractal tree index. However, a fractal tree index has deeper trees than a B-tree, and if each node were to require an I/O, say if the cache is cold, then a fractal tree index would induce more IO. However, for many workloads most or all internal nodes of both B-trees and fractal tree indexes are already cached in RAM. In this case, the cost of a search is dominated by the cost of fetching the leaf, which is the same in both cases. Thus, for many workloads, fractal tree indexes can match B-trees in terms of search time.
Where they differ is on insertions, deletions and updates. An insertion in a fractal tree index takes whereas B-trees require . Thus, fractal tree indexes are faster than B-trees by a factor of . Since can be quite large, this yields a potential two-order-of-magnitude improvement in worst-case insertion times, which is observed in practice. Both B-trees and fractal tree indexes can perform insertions faster in the best case. For example, if keys are inserted in sequential order, both data structures achieve a I/Os per insertion. Thus, because the best and worst cases of B-trees differ so widely, whereas fractal tree indexes are always near their best case, the actual speedup that fractal tree indexes achieve over B-trees depends on the details of the workload.
Log-structured merge-trees
Log-structured merge-trees (LSMs) refer to a class of data structures which consists of two or more index structures of exponentially growing capacities. When a tree at some level reaches its capacity, it is merged into the next bigger level. The IO-complexity of an LSM depends on parameters such as the growth factor between levels and the data structure chosen at each level, so in order to analyze the complexity of LSMs, we need to pick a specific version. For comparison purposes, we select the version of LSMs that match fractal tree indexes on insertion performance.
Suppose an LSM is implemented via B-trees, each of which has a capacity that is larger than its predecessor.
The merge time depends on three facts: The sorted order of keys in an -item B-tree can be produced in IOs; Two sorted lists of and items can be merged into a sorted list in IOs; and a B-tree of a sorted list of items can be built in IOs. When a tree overflows, it is merged into a tree whose size is larger, therefore a level that holds items requires IOs to merge. An item may be merged once per level, giving a total time of , which matches the fractal tree index.
The query time is simply the B-tree query time at each level. The query time into the th level is , since the th level has capacity . The total time is therefore . This is larger than both the B-tree and fractal tree indexes by a logarithmic factor. In fact, although B-trees and fractal tree indexes are both on the optimal tradeoff curve between insertions and queries, LSMs are not. They are incomparable with B-trees and are dominated by fractal tree indexes.
A few notes about LSMs: there are ways to make the queries faster. For example, if only membership queries are required and no successor/predecessor/range queries are, then Bloom filters can be used to speed up queries. Also, the growth factor between levels can be set to some other value, giving a range of insertion/query tradeoffs. However, for every choice of insertion rate, the corresponding fractal tree index has faster queries.
Bε trees
The fractal tree index is a refinement of the Bε tree. Like a Bε tree, it consists of nodes with keys and buffers and realizes the optimal insertion/query tradeoff. The fractal tree index differs in including performance optimization and in extending the functionality. Examples of improved functionality include ACID semantics. B-tree implementations of ACID semantics typically involve locking rows that are involved in an active transactions. Such a scheme works well in a B-tree because both insertions and queries involve fetching the same leaf into memory. Thus, locking an inserted row does not incur an IO penalty. However, in fractal tree indexes, insertions are messages, and a row may reside in more than one node at the same time. Fractal tree indexes therefore require a separate locking structure that is IO-efficient or resides in memory in order to implement the locking involved in implementing ACID semantics.
Fractal tree indexes also have several performance optimizations. First, buffers are themselves indexed in order to speed up searches. Second, leaves are much larger than in B-trees, which allows for greater compression. In fact, the leaves are chosen to be large enough that their access time is dominated by the bandwidth time, and therefore amortizes away the seek and rotational latency. Large leaves are an advantage with large range queries but slow down point queries, which require accessing a small portion of the leaf. The solution implemented in fractal tree indexes is to have large leaves that can be fetched as a whole for fast range queries but are broken into smaller pieces call basement nodes which can be fetched individually. Accessing a basement node is faster than accessing a leaf, because of the reduced bandwidth time. Thus the substructure of leaves in fractal tree indexes, as compared to Bε trees allows both range and point queries to be fast.
Messaging and fractal tree indexes
Insertions, deletions and updates are inserted as message into buffers that make their way towards the leaves. The messaging infrastructure can be exploited to implement a variety of other operations, some of which are discussed below.
Upserts
An upsert is a statement that inserts a row if it does not exist and updates it if it does. In a B-tree, an upsert is implemented by first searching for the row and then implementing an insertion or an update, depending on the result of the search. This requires fetching the row into memory if it is not already cached. A fractal tree index can implement an upsert by inserting a special upsert message. Such a message can, in theory, implement arbitrary pieces of code during the update. In practice, four update operations are supported:
(a generalized increment)
(a generalized decrement)
(a decrement with a floor at 0)
These correspond to the update operations used in LinkBench, a benchmark proposed by Facebook. By avoiding the initial search, upsert messages can improve the speed of upserts by orders of magnitude.
Schema changes
So far, all message types have modified single rows. However, broadcast messages, which are copied to all outgoing buffers, can modify all rows in a database. For example, broadcast messages can be used to change the format of all rows in a database. Although the total work required to change all rows is unchanged over the brute-force method of traversing the table, the latency is improved, since, once the message is injected into the root buffer, all subsequent queries will be able to apply the schema modification to any rows they encounter. The schema change is immediate and the work is deferred to such a time when buffers overflow and leaves would have gotten updated anyway.
Implementations
The fractal tree index has been implemented and commercialized by Tokutek. It is available as TokuDB as a storage engine for MySQL and MariaDB, and as TokuMX, a more complete integration with MongoDB. Fractal tree indexes have also been used in prototype filesystems, TokuFS and BetrFS.
References
Trees (data structures)
Database index techniques |
The 2010 Virginia National Bank Men's Pro Championship was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the second edition of the tournament which was part of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Charlottesville, United States between 1 and 7 November 2010.
ATP entrants
Seeds
Rankings are as of October 25, 2010.
Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
Theodoros Angelinos
Alexander Domijan
Treat Conrad Huey
Jarmere Jenkins
The following players received entry as an alternate into the singles main draw:
Ryler DeHeart
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
Yuki Bhambri
Michael Shabaz
Fritz Wolmarans
Michael Yani
Champions
Singles
Robert Kendrick def. Michael Shabaz, 6–2, 6–3
Doubles
Robert Kendrick / Donald Young def. Ryler DeHeart / Pierre-Ludovic Duclos, 7–6(5), 7–6(3)
External links
Charlottesville Tennis Resorts official website
ITF Search
2010 Combo Sheet
Virginia National Bank Men's Pro Championship
Charlottesville Men's Pro Challenger |
The Battle of Luchana (Lutxana in Basque) occurred at Bilbao and its vicinities during the night of December 23, 1836 and went on until December 24, 1836. The Carlists were besieging Bilbao and controlled the water and land routes towards the city. The battle of Luchana took place in the district belonging to the parish of Deusto and the municipality of Erandio, on the banks of the Asúa River, which empties into the Nervión at the spot known as Luchana. The Carlists were defeated and the siege of Bilbao was lifted.
References
1836 in Spain
Luchana
Bilbao
December 1836 events
Luchana
Luchana
Basque history |
Randolph Channing Crowder Jr. (born December 2, 1983) is an American former college and professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for six seasons during the 2000s. He played college football for Florida, and was recognized as an All-American. Crowder was drafted by the Miami Dolphins in the third round of the 2005 NFL Draft, and played his entire professional career for the Dolphins.
He currently co-hosts Hochman & Crowder, weekdays from 2–6PM simulcast on 790 The Ticket and 560 WQAM. He also co-hosts The Pivot, alongside Fred Taylor and Ryan Clark.
Early years
Crowder was born in State College, Pennsylvania, the son of All-American defensive lineman Randy Crowder and Pauline Pope-Crowder. He was a highly regarded linebacker for North Springs High School in Sandy Springs, Georgia who garnered prep All-America recognition. He was named to SuperPrep's All-America Team and that publication ranked him among the nation's top 30 linebackers. He collected All-America honors from PrepStar and that publication ranked him among the Southeast's top 10 linebackers. He garnered All-America honors from Rivals.com and that group ranked him among the nation's top 15 outside linebackers. As a senior, he recorded 114 tackles in 2001 with 7.5 sacks sacks while also rushing for over 800 yards. He was named one of the top four linebackers in the state of Georgia by the Atlanta Journal-Constitution. He was team MVP in 2001.
Prep awards and honors
North Springs Spartans MVP (2001)
PrepStar All-American (2001)
Rivals.com All-American (2001)
SuperPrep All-American (2001)
College career
Crowder accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, where he played for coach Ron Zook's Florida Gators football team in 2003 and 2004. He was an original member of Florida's 2002 signing class, but delayed his enrollment until January 2003 in order to complete rehabilitation of his knee. He joined the Gators and practiced with the team prior to the 2003 Outback Bowl.
As a freshman in 2003, Crowder played in 11 games with nine starts. Those nine starts were the most by a freshman linebacker in school history. He would end up leading the nation in tackles by a freshman during the season. He ranked first among linebackers, first among Florida's true freshmen and tied for ninth on the team with 816 plays despite missing two games. He became the first true freshman of 2003 to start for the Gators and was the first true freshman linebacker to start since Travis Harris started four games in 2000. Crowder underwent arthroscopic knee surgery on October 1 prior to the Mississippi game, and missed the game against the Rebels. He returned against eventual national champion LSU 10 days after surgery to lead the linebacking unit with seven tackles.
On the year, Crowder led the linebackers with 106 tackles (avg. 9.6 per game) – the second-highest total on the team. He also had five tackles for loss, two sacks, four pass breakups and a forced fumble. He led the defense with 12 tackles and one pass deflection against Arkansas, and led the defense against Vanderbilt with a then career-high 15 tackles. Crowder caused Kentucky quarterback Jared Lorenzen to throw a game-turning interception, that set up a touchdown and gave Florida the win.
As a team captain in 2004, he finished third on team with 73 tackles, earned the team's outstanding linebacker award. Crowder was the Gators' leader in tackles six games, and was third on squad with 8.5 tackles for loss. He intercepted his first career pass against Arkansas when he picked off a Matt Jones pass and returned it 22 yards in a 45–30 win. Crowder recorded a career-high two quarterback sacks against LSU's JaMarcus Russell. He notched an SEC and career-best 18 tackles and forced the second fumble of his career against Mississippi State. On the year, he started seven of nine games before a mid-foot sprain in the first quarter of the Georgia game and missed almost all of the next three contest. He recovered his third career fumble and notched three tackles in the Peach Bowl against Miami.
Following his second college season, Crowder was recognized as a first-team All-SEC selection and an ESPN All-American.
Awards and honors
College Football News Freshman of the Year (2003)
Knoxville News-Sentinel All-Freshman Team (2003)
Rivals.com Freshman All-American (2003)
Scripps/FWAA Freshman All-American (2003)
Sporting News All-Freshman Team (2003)
SEC All-Freshman Team (2003)
Sporting News SEC Defensive Freshman of the Year (2003)
Associated Press first-team All-SEC (2003)
Coaches second-team All-SEC (2003)
ESPN first-team All-American (2004)
Coaches first-team All-SEC (2004)
Associated Press second-team All-SEC (2004)
Florida Gators Defensive Co-Captain (2004)
Florida Gators Outstanding Linebacker (2004)
Professional career
Crowder was originally drafted by the Miami Dolphins in the third round (70th overall) in the 2005 NFL Draft. The pick used to select him was previously acquired from the Chicago Bears in the Marty Booker-Adewale Ogunleye trade from the year before. Then-head coach Nick Saban was familiar with Crowder, having coached in the SEC at LSU before coming to Miami.
Crowder signed a four-year contract with the team in July and went on to start 13 of the 16 games in which he played during his rookie season. He opened 11 games at the weakside spot and two in the middle. The Dolphins opened with either five or six defensive backs in the only three games he did not start. Along with running back Ronnie Brown and cornerback Travis Daniels, 2005 marked the first time since 1996 that three or more Dolphin rookies opened at least ten games. Crowder ranked second on the team with 90 tackles, the highest total by a Dolphins rookie since Zach Thomas tallied 164 in 1996. It also was the fifth-highest total among NFL rookies in 2005. Crowder added two fumble recoveries, two forced fumbles and four passes defensed on the year. He replaced an injured Thomas at middle linebacker for games during the season. During the year, he posted a season-high 10 tackles on two occasions. Crowder collected seven tackles against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on October 16 and also recovered an Earnest Graham fumble that led to a Ronnie Brown eight-yard TD run on the next play from scrimmage. Crowder prevented a potential touchdown against the Atlanta Falcons when he forced the ball loose from fullback Justin Griffith with the Falcons at the Dolphins' 8 yard-line, and was recovered by Travis Daniels. Crowder also recovered a J. P. Losman fumble against the Buffalo Bills on December 4.
Crowder was once again a reliable starter in 2006 and continued to progress as a player. He finished second on the Dolphins with 104 tackles (behind only Zach Thomas) and had one sack for nine yards in losses that season. It was Crowder's first 100-tackle season of his career. He had four games of double-figure tackles, and tied or led the team in tackles three times and finished second on the team in tackles six times during the season. He started all 16 games during the regular season, though he suffered a hip injury on November 19 against the Minnesota Vikings that forced him from that contest permanently. In week 12 of the 2008 season against the New England Patriots, he was ejected from the game after engaging in a fight with Patriots offensive tackle Matt Light.
An unrestricted free agent in the 2009 offseason, Crowder was re-signed to a three-year contract by the Dolphins on February 25, 2009. On December 6, 2009, against the New England Patriots, Crowder made his first career interception and also sealed the win off for the Dolphins. Crowder was placed on injured reserve on December 30. He suffered a right foot injury which made him miss a game versus the Houston Texans.
On July 29, 2011, the Dolphins released Crowder and then signed LB Kevin Burnett from the San Diego Chargers. Just over a week later on August 9, 2011, Crowder abruptly announced his retirement from the NFL.
On February 1, 2012, Crowder appeared on the Super Bowl's Radio Row and announced his intention to restart his professional career.
Personal life
Crowder is the son of former NFL defensive lineman Randy Crowder, who was a sixth-round pick by the Dolphins in 1974. Channing is married to wife Aja, and the couple have appeared together on VH1 reality television series Baller Wives.
On January 23, 2008, Crowder lost control of his truck on a wet exit ramp and crashed it into a tree. He was unharmed and was charged with careless driving and leaving the scene of a crash.
Prior to the October 27, 2007 Giants–Dolphins game in London, England, Crowder reportedly stated he "couldn't find London on a map". He later implied that he did not believe there were any black people in London as well.
In a 2012 interview with NFL Films, Crowder confessed to urinating in his pants "every game" while in the NFL.
On June 27, 2011, Crowder insinuated on his new radio show that he had sold his jerseys while playing college football for the Florida Gators, but he later reiterated that he had not sold them.
He was a commentator on WQAM during the 2011 NFL season. His midday show on WQAM with NBC 6 news anchor, Adam Kuperstein, was recently cancelled. He then co-hosted Hochman & Crowder (formerly Hochman, Crowder & Krantz until the departure of co-host Zach Krantz in May 2017) weekdays from 2-6PM on WQAM.
He was a part of Brandon Marshall's podcast I AM ATHLETE, alongside Chad Johnson and Fred Taylor. He currently co-hosts The Pivot with Taylor and Ryan Clark.
See also
2004 College Football All-America Team
List of Florida Gators football All-Americans
List of Florida Gators in the NFL Draft
List of Miami Dolphins players
References
External links
Channing Crowder – Florida Gators player profile
Channing Crowder – Miami Dolphins player profile
The Pivot Podcast Youtube Channel
1983 births
Living people
All-American college football players
American football linebackers
Florida Gators football players
Miami Dolphins players
People from Sandy Springs, Georgia
People from State College, Pennsylvania
Players of American football from Pennsylvania
Players of American football from Fulton County, Georgia |
This is a list of ambassadors of the United States to Thailand.
Thailand has had continuous bilateral relations with the United States since 1882. Relations were interrupted during World War II when Bangkok was occupied by Japanese forces. Normal relations were resumed after the war in 1945.
The United States Embassy to Thailand, which was designed by Gerhard Kallmann of Kallmann McKinnell & Wood, is located in Bangkok.
Ambassadors
See also
Thailand – United States relations
Foreign relations of Thailand
Ambassadors of the United States
Embassy of the United States, Bangkok
Notes
References
Sources
United States Department of State: Background notes on Thailand
External links
United States Department of State: Chiefs of Mission for Thailand
United States Department of State: Thailand
United States Embassy in Bangkok
Thailand
United States |
Major-General the Hon. John Edward Lindley (15 September 1860 – 7 April 1925) was a British Army officer.
Military career
Born the son of Nathaniel Lindley, Baron Lindley and Sarah Katherine Teale, Lindley was commissioned into the South Staffordshire Regiment but transferred to the 1st The Royal Dragoons on 19 November 1881. After serving in the Second Boer War, he became Adjutant-General at Northern Command in 1903, Commandant of the Cavalry School in 1905 and commander of the 3rd Cavalry Brigade in 1907. He went on to become General Officer Commanding the Welsh Division in October 1914. He landed with his division at Suvla Bay on 6 August 1915 during the Gallipoli campaign of the First World War, in which action his division suffered significant losses: he voluntarily handed over his command, saying that he had "lost control", on 16 August 1915.
References
1860 births
1925 deaths
British Army generals of World War I
South Staffordshire Regiment officers
1st The Royal Dragoons officers
Sons of life peers
British Army major generals
British Army personnel of the Second Boer War |
Salim bin Nasser bin Said Al Aufi is the Omani Minister of Energy and Minerals. He was appointed as Minister on 16 June 2022.
References
Living people
21st-century Omani politicians
Omani politicians
Government ministers of Oman
Omani people stubs |
Robert Palmer Dilworth (December 2, 1914 – October 29, 1993) was an American mathematician. His primary research area was lattice theory; his biography at the MacTutor History of Mathematics archive states "it would not be an exaggeration to say that he was one of the main factors in the subject moving from being merely a tool of other disciplines to an important subject in its own right". He is best known for Dilworth's theorem relating chains and antichains in partial orders; he was also the first to study antimatroids .
Dilworth was born in 1914 in Hemet, California, at that time a remote desert ranching town. He went to college at the California Institute of Technology, receiving his baccalaureate in 1936 and continuing there for his graduate studies. Dilworth's graduate advisor was Morgan Ward, a student of Eric Temple Bell, who was also on the Caltech faculty at the time. On receiving his Ph.D. in 1939, Dilworth took an instructorship at Yale University. While at Yale, he met and married his wife, Miriam White, with whom he eventually had two sons. He returned to Caltech as a faculty member in 1943, and spent the remainder of his academic career there.
Dilworth advised 17 Ph.D. students and has 635 academic descendants listed at the Mathematics Genealogy Project, many through his student Juris Hartmanis, a noted complexity theorist. Other notable mathematicians advised by Dilworth include Curtis Greene and Alfred W. Hales.
Selected bibliography
.
.
.
.
.
References and external links
.
.
20th-century American mathematicians
Lattice theorists
1914 births
1993 deaths
California Institute of Technology alumni
California Institute of Technology faculty
Yale University faculty
People from Hemet, California
Mathematicians from California |
```c++
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
// * Neither the name of Google LLC nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
// Implementation of StackFrameSymbolizer, which encapsulates the logic of how
// SourceLineResolverInterface interacts with SymbolSupplier to fill source
// line information in a stack frame, and also looks up WindowsFrameInfo or
// CFIFrameInfo for a stack frame.
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include <config.h> // Must come first
#endif
#include "google_breakpad/processor/stack_frame_symbolizer.h"
#include <assert.h>
#include "common/scoped_ptr.h"
#include "google_breakpad/processor/code_module.h"
#include "google_breakpad/processor/code_modules.h"
#include "google_breakpad/processor/source_line_resolver_interface.h"
#include "google_breakpad/processor/stack_frame.h"
#include "google_breakpad/processor/symbol_supplier.h"
#include "google_breakpad/processor/system_info.h"
#include "processor/linked_ptr.h"
#include "processor/logging.h"
namespace google_breakpad {
StackFrameSymbolizer::StackFrameSymbolizer(
SymbolSupplier* supplier,
SourceLineResolverInterface* resolver) : supplier_(supplier),
resolver_(resolver) { }
StackFrameSymbolizer::SymbolizerResult StackFrameSymbolizer::FillSourceLineInfo(
const CodeModules* modules,
const CodeModules* unloaded_modules,
const SystemInfo* system_info,
StackFrame* frame,
std::deque<std::unique_ptr<StackFrame>>* inlined_frames) {
assert(frame);
const CodeModule* module = NULL;
if (modules) {
module = modules->GetModuleForAddress(frame->instruction);
}
if (!module && unloaded_modules) {
module = unloaded_modules->GetModuleForAddress(frame->instruction);
}
if (!module) return kError;
frame->module = module;
if (!resolver_) return kError; // no resolver.
// If module is known to have missing symbol file, return.
if (no_symbol_modules_.find(module->code_file()) !=
no_symbol_modules_.end()) {
return kError;
}
// If module is already loaded, go ahead to fill source line info and return.
if (resolver_->HasModule(frame->module)) {
resolver_->FillSourceLineInfo(frame, inlined_frames);
return resolver_->IsModuleCorrupt(frame->module) ?
kWarningCorruptSymbols : kNoError;
}
// Module needs to fetch symbol file. First check to see if supplier exists.
if (!supplier_) {
return kError;
}
// Start fetching symbol from supplier.
string symbol_file;
char* symbol_data = NULL;
size_t symbol_data_size;
SymbolSupplier::SymbolResult symbol_result = supplier_->GetCStringSymbolData(
module, system_info, &symbol_file, &symbol_data, &symbol_data_size);
switch (symbol_result) {
case SymbolSupplier::FOUND: {
bool load_success = resolver_->LoadModuleUsingMemoryBuffer(
frame->module,
symbol_data,
symbol_data_size);
if (resolver_->ShouldDeleteMemoryBufferAfterLoadModule()) {
supplier_->FreeSymbolData(module);
}
if (load_success) {
resolver_->FillSourceLineInfo(frame, inlined_frames);
return resolver_->IsModuleCorrupt(frame->module) ?
kWarningCorruptSymbols : kNoError;
} else {
BPLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to load symbol file in resolver.";
no_symbol_modules_.insert(module->code_file());
return kError;
}
}
case SymbolSupplier::NOT_FOUND:
no_symbol_modules_.insert(module->code_file());
return kError;
case SymbolSupplier::INTERRUPT:
return kInterrupt;
default:
BPLOG(ERROR) << "Unknown SymbolResult enum: " << symbol_result;
return kError;
}
return kError;
}
WindowsFrameInfo* StackFrameSymbolizer::FindWindowsFrameInfo(
const StackFrame* frame) {
return resolver_ ? resolver_->FindWindowsFrameInfo(frame) : NULL;
}
CFIFrameInfo* StackFrameSymbolizer::FindCFIFrameInfo(
const StackFrame* frame) {
return resolver_ ? resolver_->FindCFIFrameInfo(frame) : NULL;
}
} // namespace google_breakpad
``` |
The 1918 The Citadel Bulldogs football team represented The Citadel Academy in the 1918 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. Harry J. O'Brien served as coach for the third season. The Bulldogs played as members of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association and played home games at College Park Stadium in Hampton Park. The 1918 season was interrupted by World War I and the Spanish flu, resulting in just a three-game schedule for the Bulldogs, all taking place after Armistice Day.
Schedule
References
Citadel
The Citadel Bulldogs football seasons
College football winless seasons
Citadel Bulldogs football |
Kärleken & livet is a 2012 studio album by Elisabeth Andreassen, and a tribute to Rolf Løvland.
Låtlista
Kärleken och livet
Mitt land (My Land)
Alt du er for meg (Song from a Secret garden / The Things You are to Me)
Ta meg heim (Greenwaves)
Fyll ditt hjärta (Raise your Voices)
Duett
Havet
Danse mot vår
Sang i en stormfull natt (Song for a Stormy Night)
Första sommaren (Celebration)
Du ga meg en vår
Rör vid min själ (You Raise Me Up)
La det swinge (Orsa Spelmän)
Charts
References
2012 albums
Elisabeth Andreassen albums |
Sudduth Coliseum, in the Lake Charles Civic Center, is a 7,450-seat multi-purpose arena in Lake Charles, Louisiana, USA. Located on Lakeshore Drive, it is the main arena of the Lake Charles Civic Center. It is a venue for hosting concerts and special events, including the 2006 Louisiana State Choir festival and Contraband Days. The center is named for former Lake Charles Mayor James Sudduth.
It also serves as a host for gun shows, professional wrestling, dance performances, professional and amateur fights, school field trips and The National Day of Prayer ceremony in Lake Charles. Contraband Days is a large festival held on the grounds. The center served as a shelter for displaced residents whose homes were devastated by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita.
The center also hosted UFC 22: There Can Be Only One Champion, as well as UFC 24. It also holds Rampage in the Cage events. It also used to be the home stadium of Lake Charles' former pro hockey team, the Lake Charles Ice Pirates who played in the Western Professional Hockey League and the Louisiana Swashbucklers indoor football team. The center was authorized as the location of an American Basketball Association team, the Lake Charles Hurricanes. However, lack of funding caused the team to fold without playing a single game.
The coliseum was also the former home of the McNeese State Cowboys basketball team from 1972 to 1986 when the team moved to the Burton Coliseum.
Its former director, Allen "Puddler" Harris, is a former member of the bands of Ricky Nelson, Conway Twitty, and Jimmie Davis.
See also
List of convention centers in the United States
List of music venues
References
External links
Sudduth Coliseum Website
Basketball venues in Louisiana
Convention centers in Louisiana
Indoor arenas in Louisiana
Indoor ice hockey venues in Louisiana
McNeese Cowboys basketball
Mixed martial arts venues in Louisiana
Sports venues in Louisiana
Sports venues in Lake Charles, Louisiana
Music venues in Louisiana
Buildings and structures in Lake Charles, Louisiana
Tourist attractions in Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana
1972 establishments in Louisiana
Sports venues completed in 1972 |
Two Sides of Wanda is a studio album by American recording artist Wanda Jackson. It was released in March 1964 via Capitol Records and contained 12 tracks. It was the sixth studio release of Jackson's career; side one contained rockabilly performances, while side two featured country music selections. The album received a nomination from the Grammy Awards following its release and has since been re-released.
Background and content
In the 1950s, Wanda Jackson became known for her rockabilly selections, some of which became successful like "Fujiyama Mama" and "Let's Have a Party". In 1961, she returned her country music roots. That year she had two top ten country hits with "Right or Wrong" and "In the Middle of a Heartache". Thus, her career shifted back to the genre for the remainder of the decade. Two Sides of Wanda was intended to focus on both her musical identities by putting Rock on one side and Country on the other side of the record.
The album included a total of 12 selections. All of the songs were cover versions of songs first recorded by other artists. According to Jackson, she chose several songs for the album from artists she admired or befriended. Among these songs was "Honey Don't", a Rockabilly track originally by Carl Perkins. Other Rockabilly cuts included Jerry Lee Lewis' "Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On" and Little Richard's "Rip It Up". Among the country selections chosen were Kitty Wells' "Making Believe" and Hank Williams' "Cold, Cold Heart". The album was recorded in July 1963 at the Columbia Studio, located in Nashville, Tennessee. The sessions were produced by Ken Nelson.
Release and reception
Two Sides of Wanda was released in March 1964 on Capitol Records. It marked Jackson's sixth studio album released in her career. The project was originally distributed as a vinyl LP, containing six songs on both sides of the record. In later years, it was re-released with the same track listing to digital and streaming markets, which included Apple Music. Although the album did not receive a formal review by AllMusic, the website did name both "Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On" and "Cold, Cold Heart" as their "album picks" for the LP. The album also received a nomination for Best Female Country Vocal Performance at the 7th Annual Grammy Awards. It was Jackson's first nomination from the Grammy's. The project also spawned one single release. In October 1964, "Candy Man" was issued as a single via Capitol Records.
Track listing
Vinyl version
Digital version
Personnel
All credits are adapted from the liner notes of Two Sides of Wanda.
Musical personnel
Harold Bradley – Guitar
Floyd Cramer – Piano
Buddy Harman – Drums
Wanda Jackson – Lead vocals
The Jordanaires – Background vocals
Grady Martin – Guitar
Charlie McCoy – Harmonica
Bob Moore – Bass
Hargus "Pig" Robbins – Piano
Technical personnel
George Jerman – Photography
Ken Nelson – Producer
Release history
References
1964 albums
Albums produced by Ken Nelson (United States record producer)
Capitol Records albums
Wanda Jackson albums |
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Rank","CAPTCHA_GET":"\u83b7\u53d6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801","CAPTCHA_FILL":"\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u4e2d\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801","CAPTCHA_NULL":"\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a","CAPTCHA_ERROR":"\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u8f93\u5165\u9519\u8bef","CAPTCHA_PHONE_ERROR":"\u624b\u673a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e","CAPTCHA_PHONE_SEND":"\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u5df2\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u624b\u673a\u4e0a\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u67e5\u6536","CAPTCHA_SEND_AGAIN":"\u540e\u53ef\u91cd\u53d1","CAPTCHA_SEND_OVER":"\u77ed\u4fe1\u5df2\u53d1\u9001\u6210\u529f,\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199","CAPTCHA_PHONE_NO":"\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u77ed\u4fe1\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801","CAPTCHA_PHONE_NULL":"\u77ed\u4fe1\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a","PHONE_TYPE_ERROR":"\u7535\u8bdd\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0d\u5bf9","PHONE_NOTING":"\u7535\u8bdd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a","PHONE_FILL":"\u8bf7\u586b\u5199\u624b\u673a\u53f7","PHONE_CAPTCHA_NOTING":"\u624b\u673a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a","PASSWORD_NOTING":"\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a","PASSWORD_CONFIRM_NOTING":"\u5bc6\u7801\u786e\u8ba4\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a","PASSWORD_PAY_LESS":"\u652f\u4ed8\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c11\u4e8e6\u4f4d","PASSWORD_FILL_DIFFERENT":"\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u4e24\u6b21\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837","PASSWORD_PAY_LOGIN_SAME":"\u652f\u4ed8\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u767b\u9646\u5bc6\u7801\u4e00\u6837","PASSWORD_PAY_FILL":"\u8bf7\u586b\u5199\u652f\u4ed8\u5bc6\u7801","PASSWORD_LENGH_LESS":"\u5bc6\u7801\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c0f\u4e8e6\u4f4d","PASSWORD_SEND_OK":"\u53d1\u9001\u5bc6\u7801\u90ae\u4ef6\u6210\u529f","PASSWORD_OFER_WRROR":"\u60a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u627e\u56de\u5bc6\u7801\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e","PASSWORD_OLD_ERROR":"\u539f\u5bc6\u7801\u9519\u8bef","PASSWORD_UPDATE_OK":"\u5bc6\u7801\u4fee\u6539\u6210\u529f","EMAILL_USED":"\u90ae\u7bb1\u5df2\u88ab\u5360\u7528","EMAILL_NULL":"\u90ae\u7bb1\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff01","NOTING":"\u65e0","LEAVEWORDS_NULL":"\u7559\u8a00\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a","LOGIN_FIRST":"\u8bf7\u5148\u767b\u5f55","CONFIRM":"\u786e\u8ba4","YEAR":"\u5e74","DAYS":"\u5929","HOURS":"\u65f6","HOUR":"\u5c0f\u65f6","MINUTE":"\u5206","SECOND":"\u79d2","IS":"\u4e3a","ONE":"\u4e00","TWE":"\u4e8c","TIMES":"\u6b21","COUNTENT_UPDATE_FILL":"\u8bf7\u586b\u5199\u4fee\u6539\u5185\u5bb9","CANCLE":"\u53d6\u6d88","OPERATE_CONFIRM":"\u786e\u5b9a\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\u5417\uff1f","USERNAME":"\u59d3\u540d","SUCCESS":"\u64cd\u4f5c\u6210\u529f","FAIL_REPLY":"\u64cd\u4f5c\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u8bf7\u586b\u5199\u56de\u590d\u4fe1\u606f","SEND_OK":"\u53d1\u9001\u6210\u529f","PHONE_BIND_DONE":"\u5df2\u7ed1\u5b9a","TAGS_USE":"\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u6807\u7b7e","WHITEHATS":"\u767d\u5e3d\u5b50","WHITEHATS_VERTIFY":"\u8ba4\u8bc1\u767d\u5e3d\u5b50","WHITEHATES_NAME":"\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u767d\u5e3d\u5b50\u7528\u6237\u540d","USER_ZONE_EDIT":"\u7f16\u8f91\u9886\u57df","WB_TRANSFER":"\u6211\u8981\u8f6c\u8d26","WB_TRANSFER_CANCEL":"\u53d6\u6d88\u8f6c\u8d26","WB_NUM":"\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u4e4c\u4e91\u5e01\u6570\u91cf","WB_NUMBER":"\u4e4c\u4e91\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a\u6b63\u6574\u6570","WB_NEED_LESS":"\u81f3\u5c11\u9700\u8981","WB_NEED_SUM":"\u4e2a\u4e4c\u4e91\u5e01","WB_TRANSFER_OK":"\u8f6c\u8d26\u6210\u529f","WB_MY":"\u6211\u7684\u4e4c\u4e91\u5e01","WB_CAN_USE":"\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u4e4c\u4e91\u5e01","WB_FROZEN":"\u51bb\u7ed3\u7684\u4e4c\u4e91\u5e01","WB_LACK":"\u4e4c\u4e91\u5e01\u4e0d\u8db3","WB_SET_SCOPE":"\u51fa\u4ef7\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a","WB_BIND_CANCEL_STAT":"(\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u53d6\u6d88\u7ed1\u5b9a\u201d\u83b7\u53d6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\uff0c\u5411\u4e4c\u4e91\u516c\u4f17\u8d26\u53f7\u53d1\u9001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u53d6\u6d88\u5fae\u4fe1\u7ed1\u5b9a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5237\u65b0\u672c\u9875\u9762)","EMAIL_LOGIN_MEXT":"\u90ae\u4ef6\u53d1\u9001\u6210\u529f,\u8bf7\u767b\u9646\u60a8\u7684\u90ae\u7bb1\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c","EMAIL_UPDATE_LOGIN_MEXT":"\u66f4\u6539\u8bf7\u6c42\u5df2\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u90ae\u7bb1,\u8bf7\u767b\u9646\u60a8\u7684\u90ae\u7bb1\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c","EMAIL_SEND_OK":"\u90ae\u4ef6\u53d1\u9001\u6210\u529f\uff01","CORPS":"\u5382\u5546","TEAM_NAME_NULL":"\u56e2\u961f\u540d\u79f0\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a","TEAM_HOMEPAGE_NULL":"\u56e2\u961f\u4e3b\u9875\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a","TEAM_QQ_NULL":"\u56e2\u961fqq\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a","TEAM_BRIEF_NULL":"\u56e2\u961f\u7b80\u4ecb\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a","TEAM_EXIST":"\u56e2\u961f\u5df2\u5b58\u5728","TEAM_DISMISS_CONFIRM":"\u786e\u5b9a\u89e3\u6563\u672c\u56e2\u961f\u5417?","TEAM_NAME":"\u56e2\u961f\u540d\u79f0","TEAM_CREATER":"\u521b\u5efa\u4eba","TEAM_DONATER":"\u56e2\u961f\u4e3b\u529b","TEAM_MUMBER":"\u4eba\u6570","TEAM":"\u56e2\u961f","REGISTER_BRIEF":"*\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd","REGISTER_TYPE":"*\u9009\u62e9\u6ce8\u518c\u7c7b\u578b","REGISTER_CORPS_BRIEF":"*\u8f93\u5165\u5382\u5546\u7684\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd","REGISTER_EMAIL":"*\u5382\u5546\u90ae\u4ef6\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u4f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\u7528\u6237\u6635\u79f0\/\u5382\u5546\u540d\u79f0\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a<br \/>","SMS_SEND_TITLE":"* \u6807\u9898\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a<br \/>","SMS_SEND_CONTENT":"* \u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a<br \/>","SMS_SEND_CAPTCHA":"* \u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a<br \/>","NUMBER":"\u7684\u6b63\u6574\u6570","RATING_SUCCESS":"\u8bc4\u5206\u6210\u529f","RATING_BUGS_DONE":"\u5df2\u5bf9\u6b64\u6f0f\u6d1e\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u8bc4\u5206","RATING_BUGS_SELF":"\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u5206","RATING_SUBMIT_CANCLE":"\u53d6\u6d88\u63d0\u4ea4\u8bc4\u5206","RATING_SUBMIT":"\u63d0\u4ea4\u6211\u7684\u8bc4\u5206","RATING_SUBMIT_CHECK":"\u8bf7\u786e\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e00\u9879\u90fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u8bc4\u5206","RATING_CONFIRM":"\u786e\u5b9a\u63d0\u4ea4\u5bf9\u6b64\u5382\u5546\u7684\u8bc4\u5206\u5417\uff1f","RATING_LOGIN":"\u53ea\u6709\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u767d\u5e3d\u5b50\u624d\u80fd\u8bc4\u5206","RATING_DONE":"\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc4\u8fc7\u5206\u4e86","WOOYUN_CORPS":"\u4e4c\u4e91\u5382\u5546","MARST_IMAGE":"\u5bf9\u56fe\u7247\u6253\u7801","FEEDBACK_LINK_NULL":"\u94fe\u63a5\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff01","FEEDBACK_LINK_ERROR":"\u8bf7\u4e66\u5199\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u5730\u5740\uff01","FEEDBACK_CONTENT_NULL":"\u95ee\u9898\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff01","FEEDBACK_ALLOW_LIMIT":"\u534a\u5c0f\u65f6\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u53cd\u9988\u4e00\u6b21","TOP_RANK":"\u6392\u540d","TOP_BUG_TITLE":"\u6f0f\u6d1e\u6807\u9898","TOP_RANK_NONE":"\u6682\u65e0\u6392\u540d","TOP_BUGS_GOOD":"\u4f18\u8d28\u6f0f\u6d1e\u6570","NICKNAME":"\u6635\u79f0","LEVEL":"\u7b49\u7ea7","VALUE":"\u503c","EDITOR_INSERT_PIC":"\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247","EDITOR_PIC_ADDR":"\u5730\u5740\uff1a","EDITOR_CONFIRM":"\u786e\u5b9a","EDITOR_PIC_NULL":"\u8bf7\u4e0a\u4f20\u56fe\u7247\u6216\u586b\u5199\u56fe\u7247\u5730\u5740","EDITOR_INSERT_VIDIO":"\u63d2\u5165\u89c6\u9891","EDITOR_VIDIO_ADDR":"\u89c6\u9891\u5730\u5740\uff1a","EDITOR_VIDIO_NULL":"\u8bf7\u586b\u5199\u89c6\u9891\u5730\u5740(.swf)","EDITOR_VIDIO_TYPE":"\u76ee\u524d\u4ec5\u652f\u6301.swf\u683c\u5f0f","PIC_SELECT":"\u8bf7\u9009\u62e9\u5f85\u4e0a\u4f20\u7684\u56fe\u7247","PIC_TYPE_IS":"\u56fe\u7247\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a","UPLOAD":"\u4e0a\u4f20","RANK_AVG":"\u6f0f\u6d1e\u5e73\u5747"};
$(function(){
function getParamsOfShareWindow(width, height) {
return ['toolbar=0,status=0,resizable=1,width=' + width + ',height=' + height + ',left=',(screen.width-width)/2,',top=',(screen.height-height)/2].join('');
}
});
function errimg(img){
tmp=img.src;
nimg=tmp.replace("path_to_url","path_to_url");
img.src=nimg;
$(img).parent().attr('href',nimg);
img.onerror=null;
}
function AttendBug(id){
$.get('/ajaxdo.php',{module:'attendbug',id:id,rid:Math.random(),token:$("#token").val()},function(re){
if(re==1){
$("#attention_num").html(parseInt($("#attention_num").html())+1);
$("#attend_action").html(''+_LANGJS.ATTENTION_DONE+' <a class="btn" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="AttendCancel('+id+')">'+_LANGJS.ATTENTION_CANCEL+'</a></span>');
}else if(re==2){
alert(_LANGJS.LOGIN_FIRST);
}else if(re==3){
alert(_LANGJS.ATTENTION_BUG_DONE);
}else{
alert(_LANGJS.FAIL_MANAGE);
}
});
}
function AttendCancel(id){
if(confirm(_LANGJS.ATTENTION_BUG_CONFIRM+"?")){
$.get('/ajaxdo.php',{module:'attendcancel',id:id,rid:Math.random(),token:$("#token").val()},function(re){
if(re==1){
$("#attention_num").html(parseInt($("#attention_num").html())-1);
$("#attend_action").html('<a class="btn" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="AttendBug('+id+')">'+_LANGJS.ATTENTION_BUG+'</a></span>');
}else{
alert(_LANGJS.FAIL_MANAGE);
}
});
}
}
function CollectBug(id,token){
$.get('/ajaxdo.php',{'module':'collect','id':id,'token':token,'rid':Math.random()},function(re){
if(re==1){
$("#collection_num").html(parseInt($("#collection_num").html())+1);
$(".btn-fav").removeClass("fav-add");
$(".btn-fav").addClass("fav-cancel");
$(".btn-fav").unbind();
$(".btn-fav").click(function(){
CollectCancel(id,token);
});
}else if(re==2){
alert(_LANGJS.LOGIN_FIRST);
}else if(re==3){
alert(_LANGJS.COLLECTION_BUG_DONE);
}else{
alert(_LANGJS.FAIL_MANAGE);
}
});
}
function CollectCancel(id,token){
if(confirm(_LANGJS.COLLECTION_BUG_CONFIRM+"?")){
$.get('/ajaxdo.php',{'module':'collectcancel','id':id,'token':token,'rid':Math.random()},function(re){
if(re==1){
$("#collection_num").html(parseInt($("#collection_num").html())-1);
$(".btn-fav").removeClass("fav-cancel");
$(".btn-fav").addClass("fav-add");
$(".btn-fav").unbind();
$(".btn-fav").click(function(){
CollectBug(id,token);
});
}else{
alert(_LANGJS.FAIL_MANAGE);
}
});
}
}
</script>
<div class="content">
<input type="hidden" id="token" style="display:none" value="" />
<h2>
<span style="margin:0 0 0 580px; float:right; position:absolute; font-size:14px; font-weight:normal">(<span id="attention_num">18</span>)
<span id="attend_action">
<a class="btn" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="AttendBug(103343)"></a></span>
</span></h2>
<h3> <a href="wooyun-2015-0103343">WooYun-2015-103343</a>
<input id="fbid" type="hidden" value="103343">
</h3>
<h3 class='wybug_title'> EduSoho SQL <img src="path_to_url" alt="" class="credit">
</h3>
<h3 class='wybug_corp'> <a href="path_to_url">
edusoho.com </a>
</h3>
<h3 class='wybug_author'> <a href="path_to_url">Comer</a></h3>
<h3 class='wybug_date'> 2015-03-24 16:32</h3>
<h3 class='wybug_open_date'> 2015-06-22 17:18</h3>
<h3 class='wybug_type'> SQL</h3>
<h3 class='wybug_level'> </h3>
<h3>Rank 20</h3>
<h3 class='wybug_status'>
</h3>
<h3> <a href="path_to_url">path_to_url help@wooyun.org</h3>
<h3>Tags
<span class="tag"><a href="path_to_url">php+</a></span>
<span class="tag"><a href="path_to_url">php</a></span>
</h3>
<h3>
<!-- Baidu Button BEGIN -->
<div id="share">
<div style="float:right; margin-right:100px;font-size:12px">
<span class="fav-num"><a id="collection_num">3</a></span>
<a style="text-decoration:none; font-size:12px" href="javascript:void(0)" class="fav-add btn-fav"></a>
<script type="text/javascript">
var token="";
var id="103343";
$(".btn-fav").click(function(){ CollectBug(id,token); });
</script>
</div>
<span style="float:left;"></span>
<div id="bdshare" class="bdshare_b" style="line-height: 12px;"><img src="path_to_url" />
<a class="shareCount"></a>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Baidu Button END -->
</h3>
<hr align="center"/>
<h2></h2>
<h3 class="detailTitle"></h3>
<p class="detail" style="padding-bottom:0">
</p>
<p class="detail wybug_open_status">
2015-03-24 <br/>
2015-03-24 <br/>
2015-03-27 <a href="path_to_url" target="_blank"></a><a href="path_to_url" target="_blank"></a><a href="path_to_url" target="_blank"></a><br/>
2015-05-18 <br/>
2015-05-28 <br/>
2015-06-07 <br/>
2015-06-22 <br/>
</p>
<h3 class="detailTitle"></h3>
<p class="detail wybug_description">4~</p>
<h3 class="detailTitle"></h3>
<div class='wybug_detail'>
<p class="detail">down<br />
<br />
src/Topxia/WebBundle/Controller/SearchController.php 36categoryIds</p><fieldset class='fieldset fieldset-code'><legend>code </legend><pre><code><?php<br />
namespace Topxia\WebBundle\Controller;<br />
<br />
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;<br />
use Topxia\Common\Paginator;<br />
use Topxia\Common\ArrayToolkit;<br />
<br />
class SearchController extends BaseController<br />
{<br />
public function indexAction(Request $request)<br />
{<br />
$courses = $paginator = null;<br />
$code = 'Vip';<br />
<br />
$currentUser = $this->getCurrentUser();<br />
<br />
$keywords = $request->query->get('q');<br />
$keywords=trim($keywords);<br />
<br />
$vip = $this->getAppService()->findInstallApp($code);<br />
<br />
$isShowVipSearch = $vip && version_compare($vip['version'], "1.0.7", ">=");<br />
<br />
$currentUserVipLevel = "";<br />
$vipLevelIds = "";<br />
if($isShowVipSearch){<br />
$currentUserVip = $this->getVipService()->getMemberByUserId($currentUser['id']);<br />
$currentUserVipLevel = $this->getLevelService()->getLevel($currentUserVip['levelId']);<br />
$vipLevels = $this->getLevelService()->findAllLevelsLessThanSeq($currentUserVipLevel['seq']);<br />
$vipLevelIds = ArrayToolkit::column($vipLevels, "id");<br />
}<br />
<br />
$parentId = 0;<br />
$categories = $this->getCategoryService()->findAllCategoriesByParentId($parentId);<br />
<br />
$categoryIds=array();<br />
for($i=0;$i<count($categories);$i++){<br />
$id = $categories[$i]['id'];<br />
$name = $categories[$i]['name'];<br />
$categoryIds[$id] = $name;<br />
}<br />
<br />
$categoryId = $request->query->get('categoryIds');<br />
$coursesTypeChoices = $request->query->get('coursesTypeChoices'); <br />
<br />
if (!$keywords) {<br />
goto response;<br />
}<br />
<br />
if($coursesTypeChoices == 'vipCourses'){<br />
$conditions = array(<br />
'status' => 'published',<br />
'title' => $keywords,<br />
'categoryId' => $categoryId,<br />
'vipLevelIds' => $vipLevelIds<br />
);<br />
}elseif($coursesTypeChoices == 'liveCourses'){<br />
$conditions = array(<br />
'status' => 'published',<br />
'title' => $keywords,<br />
'categoryId' => $categoryId,<br />
'type' => 'live'<br />
);<br />
}else{<br />
$conditions = array(<br />
'status' => 'published',<br />
'title' => $keywords,<br />
'categoryId' => $categoryId<br />
);<br />
}<br />
<br />
$paginator = new Paginator(<br />
$this->get('request'),<br />
$this->getCourseService()->searchCourseCount($conditions)<br />
, 10<br />
);<br />
<br />
$courses = $this->getCourseService()->searchCourses(<br />
$conditions,<br />
'latest',<br />
$paginator->getOffsetCount(),<br />
$paginator->getPerPageCount()<br />
);<br />
<br />
<br />
response:<br />
return $this->render('TopxiaWebBundle:Search:**.**.**.**ig', array(<br />
'courses' => $courses,<br />
'paginator' => $paginator,<br />
'keywords' => $keywords,<br />
'isShowVipSearch' => $isShowVipSearch,<br />
'currentUserVipLevel' => $currentUserVipLevel,<br />
'categoryIds' => $categoryIds,<br />
'coursesTypeChoices' => $coursesTypeChoices<br />
));<br />
}<br />
...</code></pre></fieldset><p class='detail'>SQLSymfonycode....AdminBundle</p><p class="detail usemasaic"><a href="../upload/201503/240058479320883eded565604d84d66833e3e654.png" target="_blank"><img src="../upload/201503/240058479320883eded565604d84d66833e3e654.png" alt="1.png" width="600" onerror="javascript:errimg(this);"/></a></p><p class="detail"><br />
<br />
</p>
</div>
<h3 class="detailTitle"></h3>
<div class='wybug_poc'>
<p class="detail">localhost</p><p class="detail usemasaic"><a href="../upload/201503/2401074353032b82b14ec7ad97cc784a4df41773.png" target="_blank"><img src="../upload/201503/2401074353032b82b14ec7ad97cc784a4df41773.png" alt="2.png" width="600" onerror="javascript:errimg(this);"/></a></p><p class="detail">**.**.**.**</p><fieldset class='fieldset fieldset-code'><legend>code </legend><pre><code>web server operating system: Linux Ubuntu<br />
web application technology: Nginx, PHP 5.5.9<br />
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.0<br />
database management system users [1]:<br />
[*] 'demoedusohouser'@'localhost'<br />
<br />
available databases [2]:<br />
[*] `**.**.**.**`<br />
[*] information_schema</code></pre></fieldset><p class='detail'></p><p class="detail usemasaic"><a href="../upload/201503/240111453c1de789723f30e30520c898fb7071fc.png" target="_blank"><img src="../upload/201503/240111453c1de789723f30e30520c898fb7071fc.png" alt="5.png" width="600" onerror="javascript:errimg(this);"/></a></p><p class="detail"></p><p class="detail usemasaic"><a href="../upload/201503/24011153d543525a7d60fd51fcd379c0c4b65507.png" target="_blank"><img src="../upload/201503/24011153d543525a7d60fd51fcd379c0c4b65507.png" alt="4.png" width="600" onerror="javascript:errimg(this);"/></a></p><p class="detail"><br />
<br />
4~55.1.41-23~ </p>
</div>
<h3 class="detailTitle"></h3>
<div class='wybug_patch'>
<p class="detail">... </p>
</div>
<h3 class="detailTitle"> <a style="font-weight:normal" href="path_to_url" title="Comer">Comer</a>@<a style="font-weight:normal" href="path_to_url" title="EduSoho SQL"></a></h3>
<hr align="center"/>
<h2 id="bugreply"></h2>
<div class='bug_result'>
<h3 class="detailTitle"></h3>
<p class="detail"></p>
<p class="detail">Rank10 </p>
<p class="detail">2015-03-24 17:17</p>
<h3 class="detailTitle"></h3>
<p class="detail">@Comer</p>
<h3 class="detailTitle"></h3>
<p class="detail">2015-03-25</p>
</div>
<hr align="center" />
<script type="text/javascript">
var bugid="103343";
var bugRating="-3";
var myRating="";
var ratingCount="0";
function ShowBugRating(k){
var ratingItems=$(".myrating span");
$.each(ratingItems,function(i,n){
var nk=parseInt($(n).attr("rel"));
if(nk<=k){
$(n).addClass("on");
}else{
$(n).removeClass("on");
}
});
$(".myrating span").hover(
function(){
$("#ratingShow").html($(this).attr("data-title"));
},
function(){
$("#ratingShow").html("");
}
);
}
$(document).ready(function(){
if(myRating==""){
var ratingItems=$(".myrating span");
$(".myrating span").hover(
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$(this).addClass("hover");
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var nk=parseInt($(n).attr("rel"));
if(nk<k) $(n).addClass("on");
if(nk>k) $(n).removeClass("on");
});
$("#ratingShow").html($(this).attr("data-title"));
},
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$(this).removeClass("hover");
if($("#myRating").val()==""){
$.each(ratingItems,function(i,n){
$(n).removeClass("on");
});
}
$("#ratingShow").html("");
}
);
$(".myrating span").click(function(){
var rating=$(this).attr("rel");
var k=parseInt($(this).attr("rel"));
$.post("/ajaxdo.php?module=bugrating",{"id":bugid,"rating":rating,"token":$("#token").val()},function(re){
//
$(".myrating span").unbind();
re=parseInt(re);
switch(re){
case 1:
$("#ratingShow").html(_LANGJS.RATING_SUCCESS);
$("#ratingSpan").html(parseInt($("#ratingSpan").html())+1);
$.each(ratingItems,function(i,n){
var nk=parseInt($(n).attr("rel"));
if(nk<=k){
$(n).addClass("on");
}else{
$(n).removeClass("on");
}
});
ShowBugRating(rating);
break;
case 2:
$("#ratingShow").html(_LANGJS.LOGIN_FIRST);
break;
case 4:
$("#ratingShow").html(_LANGJS.RATING_BUGS_DONE);
break;
case 6:
$("#ratingShow").html(_LANGJS.RATING_BUGS_SELF);
break;
default:break;
}
});
});
}else{
if(ratingCount>2){
ShowBugRating(bugRating);
}else{
ShowBugRating(-3);
}
}
});
</script>
<h3 class="detailTitle"></h3>
<p class="detail"></p>
<h5 class="rating">
<div class="ratingText"><span>(<span id="ratingSpan">0</span>)</span>:</div>
<div class="myrating">
<span rel="-2" data-title=""></span>
<span rel="-1" data-title=""></span>
<span rel="0" data-title=""></span>
<span rel="1" data-title=""></span>
<span rel="2" data-title=""></span>
<div id="ratingShow">
</div>
</div>
</h5>
<input type="hidden" id="myRating" value="" />
<hr align="center" />
<h2></h2>
<div id="replys" class="replys">
<ol class="replylist">
<li class="reply clearfix">
<div class="reply-content">
<div class="reply-info">
<span class="addtime">2015-03-27 21:38</span> |
<a target='_blank' href="path_to_url">lupin</a> <!-- @zm 2013-12-13 Begin -->
( | <!-- @zm 2013-12-13 End -->
Rank:256 :49 | )
<div class="likebox">
<span class="likepre" title="" rel="138375"></span>
<span class="liketext liketext_min"><span id="likenum_138375">2</span></span>
<span class="likesuf"></span>
</div>
</div><!-- reply-info End -->
<div class="description">
<p> </p>
</div>
<div class="replylist-act">
<span class="floor">1#</span>
<a title=" lupin" href="javascript:void(0)" class="replyBtn" onclick="Reply('lupin')"></a>
</div>
</div><!-- reply-content End -->
</li>
<li class="reply clearfix">
<div class="reply-content">
<div class="reply-info">
<span class="addtime">2015-03-29 17:53</span> |
<a target='_blank' href="path_to_url">90Snake</a> <!-- @zm 2013-12-13 Begin -->
( | <!-- @zm 2013-12-13 End -->
Rank:167 :53 | )
<div class="likebox">
<span class="likepre" title="" rel="138512"></span>
<span class="liketext liketext_min"><span id="likenum_138512">0</span></span>
<span class="likesuf"></span>
</div>
</div><!-- reply-info End -->
<div class="description">
<p>@lupin 23 </p>
</div>
<div class="replylist-act">
<span class="floor">2#</span>
<a title=" 90Snake" href="javascript:void(0)" class="replyBtn" onclick="Reply('90Snake')"></a>
</div>
</div><!-- reply-content End -->
</li>
<li class="reply clearfix">
<div class="reply-content">
<div class="reply-info">
<span class="addtime">2015-03-30 09:46</span> |
<a target='_blank' href="path_to_url">Comer</a> <!-- @zm 2013-12-13 Begin -->
( | <!-- @zm 2013-12-13 End -->
Rank:336 :40 | | )
<div class="likebox">
<span class="likepre" title="" rel="138566"></span>
<span class="liketext liketext_min"><span id="likenum_138566">1</span></span>
<span class="likesuf"></span>
</div>
</div><!-- reply-info End -->
<div class="description">
<p>@lupin @90Snake ~ </p>
</div>
<div class="replylist-act">
<span class="floor">3#</span>
<a title=" Comer" href="javascript:void(0)" class="replyBtn" onclick="Reply('Comer')"></a>
</div>
</div><!-- reply-content End -->
</li>
<li class="reply clearfix">
<div class="reply-content">
<div class="reply-info">
<span class="addtime">2015-03-30 10:02</span> |
<a target='_blank' href="path_to_url">Xser</a> <!-- @zm 2013-12-13 Begin -->
( | <!-- @zm 2013-12-13 End -->
Rank:390 :88 | JDSec)
<div class="likebox">
<span class="likepre" title="" rel="138578"></span>
<span class="liketext liketext_min"><span id="likenum_138578">0</span></span>
<span class="likesuf"></span>
</div>
</div><!-- reply-info End -->
<div class="description">
<p>@comer </p>
</div>
<div class="replylist-act">
<span class="floor">4#</span>
<a title=" Xser" href="javascript:void(0)" class="replyBtn" onclick="Reply('Xser')"></a>
</div>
</div><!-- reply-content End -->
</li>
<li class="reply clearfix">
<div class="reply-content">
<div class="reply-info">
<span class="addtime">2015-03-30 17:19</span> |
<a target='_blank' href="path_to_url">90Snake</a> <!-- @zm 2013-12-13 Begin -->
( | <!-- @zm 2013-12-13 End -->
Rank:167 :53 | )
<div class="likebox">
<span class="likepre" title="" rel="138713"></span>
<span class="liketext liketext_min"><span id="likenum_138713">0</span></span>
<span class="likesuf"></span>
</div>
</div><!-- reply-info End -->
<div class="description">
<p>@Comer ... </p>
</div>
<div class="replylist-act">
<span class="floor">5#</span>
<a title=" 90Snake" href="javascript:void(0)" class="replyBtn" onclick="Reply('90Snake')"></a>
</div>
</div><!-- reply-content End -->
</li>
</ol><!-- replylist End -->
</div><!-- replys End -->
<div id="reply" class="reply">
<a name="comment"></a>
<p class="detail">
<a href="path_to_url"><u></u></a>
</p>
<script type="text/javascript">
var masaic = '0';
function CommentLike(id){
$.post("/ajaxdo.php?module=commentrating",{"id":id,"token":$("#token").val()},function(re){
re=parseInt(re);
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$("#likenum_"+id).html(parseInt($("#likenum_"+id).html())+1);
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alert(_LANGJS.COMMENT_GOOD_DONE);
break;
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alert(_LANGJS.COMMENT_SELF);
break;
default:break;
}
});
}
$(document).ready(function(){
$(".likebox .likepre").click(function(){
CommentLike($(this).attr("rel"));
});
});
</script>
<div>
</div>
<div id="footer">
<span class="copyright fleft">
<a href="path_to_url">ICP15041338-1</a>
<!--a href="path_to_url" target="_blank"><img src="/images/sae_bottom_logo.png" title="Powered by Sina App Engine"></a-->
</span>
<span class="other fright">
<a href="path_to_url"></a>
<a href="path_to_url"></a>
<a href="path_to_url"></a>
<a href="path_to_url"></a>
<a href="path_to_url"></a>
</span>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
var _bdhmProtocol = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? " https://" : " http://");
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + _bdhmProtocol + "hm.baidu.com/h.js%3Fc12f88b5c1cd041a732dea597a5ec94c' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="bdshare_js" data="type=button" ></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="bdshell_js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
document.getElementById("bdshell_js").src = "path_to_url" + new Date().getHours();
if (top.location !== self.location) top.location=self.location;
</script>
</body>
</html>
``` |
```javascript
"use strict";(self.webpackChunknextcloud=self.webpackChunknextcloud||[]).push([[1642],{94929:(t,e,n)=>{n.d(e,{A:()=>i});var a=n(71354),o=n.n(a),s=n(76314),l=n.n(s)()(o());l.push([t.id,".legacy-prompt__text[data-v-8cfbac52]{margin-block:0 .75em}.legacy-prompt__input[data-v-8cfbac52]{margin-block:0 1em}[data-v-8cfbac52] .legacy-prompt__dialog .dialog__actions{min-width:calc(100% - 12px);justify-content:space-between}","",{version:3,sources:["webpack://./core/src/components/LegacyDialogPrompt.vue"],names:[],mappings:"AAEC,sCACC,oBAAA,CAGD,uCACC,kBAAA,CAIF,0DACC,2BAAA,CACA,6BAAA",sourcesContent:["\n.legacy-prompt {\n\t&__text {\n\t\tmargin-block: 0 .75em;\n\t}\n\n\t&__input {\n\t\tmargin-block: 0 1em;\n\t}\n}\n\n:deep(.legacy-prompt__dialog .dialog__actions) {\n\tmin-width: calc(100% - 12px);\n\tjustify-content: space-between;\n}\n"],sourceRoot:""}]);const i=l},71642:(t,e,n)=>{n.r(e),n.d(e,{default:()=>v});var a=n(53334),o=n(85471),s=n(94219),l=n(82182),i=n(16044);const c=(0,o.pM)({name:"LegacyDialogPrompt",components:{NcDialog:s.A,NcTextField:l.A,NcPasswordField:i.A},props:{name:{type:String,required:!0},text:{type:String,required:!0},isPassword:{type:Boolean,required:!0},inputName:{type:String,default:"prompt-input"}},emits:["close"],data:()=>({inputValue:""}),computed:{buttons(){return[{label:(0,a.Tl)("core","No"),callback:()=>this.$emit("close",!1,this.inputValue)},{label:(0,a.Tl)("core","Yes"),type:"primary",callback:()=>this.$emit("close",!0,this.inputValue)}]}},mounted(){this.$nextTick((()=>this.$refs.input?.focus?.()))}});var p=n(85072),u=n.n(p),r=n(97825),m=n.n(r),d=n(77659),A=n.n(d),g=n(55056),_=n.n(g),b=n(10540),y=n.n(b),f=n(41113),C=n.n(f),x=n(94929),h={};h.styleTagTransform=C(),h.setAttributes=_(),h.insert=A().bind(null,"head"),h.domAPI=m(),h.insertStyleElement=y(),u()(x.A,h),x.A&&x.A.locals&&x.A.locals;const v=(0,n(14486).A)(c,(function(){var t=this,e=t._self._c;return t._self._setupProxy,e("NcDialog",{attrs:{"dialog-classes":"legacy-prompt__dialog",buttons:t.buttons,name:t.name},on:{"update:open":function(e){return t.$emit("close",!1,t.inputValue)}}},[e("p",{staticClass:"legacy-prompt__text",domProps:{textContent:t._s(t.text)}}),t._v(" "),t.isPassword?e("NcPasswordField",{ref:"input",staticClass:"legacy-prompt__input",attrs:{autocomplete:"new-password",label:t.name,name:t.inputName,value:t.inputValue},on:{"update:value":function(e){t.inputValue=e}}}):e("NcTextField",{ref:"input",staticClass:"legacy-prompt__input",attrs:{label:t.name,name:t.inputName,value:t.inputValue},on:{"update:value":function(e){t.inputValue=e}}})],1)}),[],!1,null,"8cfbac52",null).exports}}]);
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``` |
A national park has been proposed to replace the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB in the north-east of Wales. Proposals for the then Clwydian Range AONB, established in 1985, to become a national park were first raised in 2010. In the 2021 Senedd election, Welsh Labour committed to establishing Wales' fourth national park in the north-east. Following Labour forming the next Welsh Government, the government commissioned Natural Resources Wales to develop proposals for the new national park.
History
The Clwydian Range was designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in 1985 by the Secretary of State for Wales Nicholas Edwards MP, under the National Parks and Access to Countryside Act 1949, covering until its later extension. Its southern boundary was set to be much more northern than originally proposed in 1947. Reasons for this decision remain unclear, although it has been said that it was chosen to mark the border between the Clwydian Range and the highlands sometimes regarded to be part of the Berwyn Range. This was due to local opposition to designations for the Berwyn Range, such as the then proposed Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), proposed during the AONBs consultation period. This potentially influenced the decision to exclude the Berwyn Range, and therefore the Dee Valley, from becoming part of the AONB in 1985.
On 22 November 2011, the AONB was to be extended southwards to include the Dee Valley, increasing the size of the AONB by . The Ceiriog Valley was not added to the AONB, due to the valley's physical relationship with the Berwyn mountain range which crosses the local authority border into Powys, where an extension of the AONB is not supported. An artificial cut off point of the AONB at the WrexhamPowys border was deemed illogical, so the southernmost boundary of the AONB was defined as the skyline of the Dee Valley (the southern summits of the highest peaks in the valley) instead.
Proposed national park
The campaign to make the then Clwydian Range AONB, a national park began in 2010, on the 25th anniversary of AONB status. Conservative AM for Clwyd West, Darren Millar called for National Park status, describing the area as a "national treasure" needing extra recognition for its unique biodiversity and archaeology, which would boost the local economy. On 16 February 2011, in an Assembly debate, Jane Davidson AM, then Environment, Sustainability and Housing Minister for Wales, dismissed the proposal, stating that if it were to follow through, it would have to be applied to all other AONBs in Wales and that the area already benefits from tourism support. Criticism to the proposal followed at the time, touted as "out of touch" with the wishes of the rural community, potentially limiting rural business opportunities and taking power away from local authorities.
Support
Support spans from both sides of the political spectrum, with both Conservative and Labour Members of the Senedd supporting a redesignation. As part of the Welsh Government, Welsh Labour has taken steps to act on the proposed national park. Proponents for the redesignation argue that it would hand over greater environmental and planning protections to the area, and boost local tourism. Supporters say that national park status would bring huge potential to the area, as many tourists from nearby densely populated areas of Cheshire, Merseyside, Greater Manchester and beyond, constantly pass through the AONB to Snowdonia, the other national park in north Wales, and a national park would "put North East Wales on the map", while also catering to those wanting a country rather than coastal visit. Supporters estimate the re-designation would bring in 1.5 million visitors annually, boosting the local economy, providing more opportunities for locals and is a once in a lifetime opportunity.
Opposition
Opposition to the proposal stems from concerns including; over-tourism, lack of infrastructure, park size, loss of local responsibility, additional planning restrictions and costs related to national park status. With the proposals described as "a bonkers idea", by a local councillor. Other critics contemplate the size of the AONB as being too small, if redesignated it will be the smallest national park in Wales at compared to the current smallest in Wales, Pembrokeshire Coast at . Other concerns include the overuse of "national park" over fears it will dilute the attractiveness of existing ones, the proximity to the border (said to lead to shorter day-trips than longer overnight stays) and the increased presence of the Welsh Government in the management of the area (over the local authorities) as the new status involves new funding from the government to the area. The proposal has been described as a "betrayal" by an FUW local officer, stating that the earlier plan to expand the AONB to the Dee Valley was followed through despite a majority of the union opposing the plan, and as a last-minute compromise it was promised, "that the area would not become a national park". A local councillor argued that redesignation may increase the risk of mountain fires (such as the 2018 Llantysilio Mountain fire), through cutting back hill farming (such as sheep grazing), leading to an increase in unmanaged vegetation. Concerns over second (holiday) homes were raised, with the already present crisis in Gwynedd, where holiday homes account for 11% of the entire county's homes being shown as a warning. The concerns were raised by former leader of the Liberal Democrats Tim Farron, who warned national park status would potentially replicate the crisis already in Gwynedd to north-east Wales, and lead the area to be treated like a "playground" for the well-off, he drew parallels with the effects felt on villages in 2016 that was made part of an extended Yorkshire Dales National Park in England. Additional concerns over increased visitor numbers as a result of a national park would increase local prices and impact the fabric of the rural Welsh-speaking communities were also raised.
Recent history
The Welsh Government was criticised in October 2021, when it was revealed no consultations had taken place between farmers and the Welsh Government concerning the proposal. The Welsh Government responded to concerns over new planning restrictions potentially impacting the housing shortage in Wales, hampering local social housing projects. Minister for Climate Change, Julie James, stated that "there are a number of steps we are already taking across Wales to mitigate [social housing] issues".
In their manifesto for the 2021 Senedd election, Welsh Labour and First Minister of Wales Mark Drakeford, pledged for the establishment of a new national park in Wales. If followed through, the newly designated area would become Wales' fourth national park and the newest one since 1957, although additionally being the smallest. Upon their re-election, the new administration stated that they are in the process of fulfilling this pledge, although no dates were given, however, they stated that announcements would be made in "due course", and that the redesignation is a "multi-year" project.
In June 2023, the Welsh Government commissioned Natural Resources Wales to investigate a potential designation of the area into a national park, involving data and evidence gathering and meeting with local communities, with a decision expected by 2026. While the proposed national park is centred on the AONB, the boundaries of the national park may not be the same as the current AONB, with the exact boundaries being under discussion.
References
Environment of Clwyd
2020s establishments in Wales
Proposed National parks in Wales
Protected areas established in the 2020s |
Fos Sto Tounel (Greek: Φως στο Τούνελ, English: Light In The Tunnel) is a Greek television live investigative program presented by crime journalist Aggeliki Nikolouli. The show focuses on finding missing people in Greece as well as solving crimes. It debuted in October 1995, has been broadcast continuously for over 20 years and has received numerous awards. As of 2019, in more than 827 episodes, the program has found more than 1610 missing people and has helped to solve about 25 murders.
Format
The program is broadcast live weekly with a duration of about 3 hours and investigates the circumstances of disappearances helping to find missing people and solve crime cases. It features pre-recorded as well as live studio interviews with the friends and family of missing people and on-air appeals. Viewers can call the show live on-air and report their potential sightings and witness accounts.
Several later-convicted murderers have appeared on the show, either as guests or to search for their missing victims in an attempt to draw away suspicion. As of 2019, in more than 827 episodes, the program has found more than 1610 missing people and has helped to eliminate about 25 murders.
Awards and honors
The show has received recognition both locally and internationally. It has received multiple awards over the years for its contribution to finding missing people and tracing murderers. The show has been registered in the Guinness Book of Records twice, originally in 1998 for the discovery, in a span of 75 episodes, of 85 missing people with a record of finding a woman living in France and missing for 58 years within 10 minutes. The show entered the Guinness Book of Records again in 1999, as "in a total of 130 episodes, 210 people reported missing to the police were found, some of whom had disappeared for fifty years".
Over the years, the show has collaborated with similar programs in other European countries, including Italy's "Chi l'ha visto?", Malta's "Tista’ Tkun Int", Albania's "Ku Je?", Denmark's ‘Missing People’ and Netherlands' ‘Spoorloos’ and ‘Vermist’. The Japanese national broadcasting organization NHK has made a tribute to the show and Nikolouli has also been invited to Russia's Wait for Me.
References
Television series about missing people
Mystery television series
Greek-language television shows
Alpha TV original programming
1995 Greek television series debuts
1990s Greek television series
2000s Greek television series
2010s Greek television series |
In computer networking, jumbo frames are Ethernet frames with more than 1500 bytes of payload, the limit set by the IEEE 802.3 standard. The payload limit for jumbo frames is variable: while 9000 bytes is the most commonly used limit, smaller and larger limits exist. Many Gigabit Ethernet switches and Gigabit Ethernet network interface controllers and some Fast Ethernet switches and Fast Ethernet network interface cards can support jumbo frames.
Inception
Each Ethernet frame must be processed as it passes through the network. Processing the contents of a single large frame is preferable to processing the same content broken up into smaller frames, as this makes better use of available CPU time by reducing interrupts. This also minimizes the overhead byte count and reduces the number of frames needing to be processed. This is analogous to physically mailing a packet of papers instead of several single envelopes with one sheet each, saving envelopes and cutting sorting time.
Jumbo frames gained initial prominence in 1998, when Alteon WebSystems introduced them in their ACEnic Gigabit Ethernet adapters. Many other vendors also adopted the size; however, jumbo frames are not part of the official IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard.
Adoption
Jumbo frames have the potential to reduce overheads and CPU cycles and have a positive effect on end-to-end TCP performance. The presence of jumbo frames may have an adverse effect on network latency, especially on low-bandwidth links. The frame size used by an end-to-end connection is typically limited by the lowest frame size in intermediate links. 802.5 Token Ring can support frames with a 4464-byte MTU, FDDI can transport 4352-byte, ATM 9180-byte and 802.11 can transport 7935-byte MTUs. The IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard originally mandated support for 1500-byte MTU frames, 1518 byte total frame size (1522 byte with the optional IEEE 802.1Q VLAN/QoS tag). The IEEE 802.3as update grandfathered in multiple common headers, trailers, and encapsulations by creating the concept of an envelope where up to 482 bytes of header and trailer could be included, and the largest IEEE 802.3 supported Ethernet frame became 2000 bytes.
The use of 9000 bytes as preferred payload size for jumbo frames arose from discussions within the Joint Engineering Team of Internet2 and the U.S. federal government networks. Their recommendation has been adopted by all other national research and education networks. Manufacturers have in turn adopted 9000 bytes as the conventional MTU size, with a total jumbo frame size of between 9014 and 9022 bytes with ethernet headers included. Most Ethernet equipment can support jumbo frames up to 9216 bytes.
IEEE 802.1AB-2009 and IEEE 802.3bc-2009 added LLDP discovery to standard Ethernet for maximum frame length (TLV subtype 4). It allows frame length detection on a port by a two-octet field. As of IEEE 802.3-2015, allowed values are 1518 (only basic frames), 1522 (802.1Q-tagged frames), and 2000 (multi-tagged, envelope frames).
Error detection
Errors in jumbo frames are more likely to go undetected by the simple CRC32 error detection of Ethernet and the simple additive checksums of UDP and TCP: as packet size increases, it becomes more likely that multiple errors cancel each other out.
One IETF approach for adopting jumbo frames avoids data integrity reduction of the service data unit by performing an extra CRC at the next network protocol layer above Ethernet. Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) transport (RFC 4960) and iSCSI (RFC 7143) use the Castagnoli CRC polynomial. The Castagnoli polynomial 0x1EDC6F41 achieves the Hamming distance HD=6 beyond one Ethernet MTU (to a 16,360-bit data word length) and HD=4 to 114,663 bits, which is more than 9 times the length of an Ethernet MTU. This gives two additional bits of error detection ability at MTU-sized data words compared to the Ethernet CRC standard polynomial while not sacrificing HD=4 capability for data word sizes up to and beyond 72 kbits. Support of Castagnoli CRC polynomial within a general-purpose transport designed to handle data chunks, and within a TCP transport designed to carry SCSI data, both provide improved error detection rates despite the use of jumbo frames where an increase of the Ethernet MTU would otherwise have resulted in a significant reduction in error detection.
Configuration
In networking equipment, maximum jumbo frame size may be specified using either maximum frame size (maximum layer 2 packet size, includes frame headers) or maximum transmission unit (maximum layer 3 packet size, excludes frame headers), depending on the equipment's configuration interface.
A network that has a mixture of devices configured for jumbo frames and devices not configured for jumbo frames may have performance issues.
Bandwidth efficiency
Jumbo frames can increase the efficiency of Ethernet and network processing in hosts by reducing the protocol overhead, as shown in the following example with TCP over IPv4. The processing overhead of the hosts can potentially decrease by the ratio of the payload sizes (approximately six times improvement in this example). Whether this is significant depends on how packets are processed in the host. A host that uses its network interface controller's TCP offload engine with already reduced overhead receives less benefit than a host that processes frames with its CPU. The throughput by bandwidth efficiency can increase by 4.4%.
The relative scalability of network data throughput as a function of packet transfer rates is related in a complex manner to payload size per packet. Theoretically, as line bit rate increases, the packet payload size should increase in direct proportion to maintain equivalent timing parameters. This however implies the scaling of numerous intermediating logic circuits along the network path to accommodate the maximum frame size required.
Baby giant frames
Baby giant or baby jumbo frames are Ethernet frames that are only slightly larger than allowed by the IEEE Ethernet standards. Baby giant frames are, for example, required for IP/MPLS over Ethernet to deliver Ethernet services with standard 1500 byte payloads. Most implementations will require non-jumbo user frames to be encapsulated into MPLS frame format which in turn may be encapsulated into a proper Ethernet frame format with EtherType values of 0x8847 and 0x8848. The increased overhead of extra MPLS and Ethernet headers means that the support for frames up to 1600 bytes is required in Carrier Ethernet networks.
Jumbo frames for PPPoE is defined in RFC 4638, with the purpose of removing the old 1492-byte limit (originally defined because PPP needs 8 more bytes of overhead), so that normal 1500-byte Ethernet can run without fragmentation. The "PPP-Max-Payload" tag can still accommodate much larger, non-baby jumbo frames.
Super jumbo frames
Super jumbo frames (SJFs) are frames that have a payload size over 9000 bytes. As it has been a relatively difficult, and somewhat lengthy, process to increase the path MTU of high-performance national research and education networks from 1500 bytes to 9000 bytes or so, a subsequent increase, possibly to 64,000 bytes, is under consideration. The main factor involved is an increase in the available memory buffer size in every intervening persistence mechanism along the path. Another important factor to consider is the further reduction of CRC32's effectiveness in detecting errors within even larger frame sizes.
The Total Length field of IPv4 and the Payload Length field of IPv6 each have a size of 16 bits, thus allowing data of up to . IPv6's jumbo payload option allows for up to 4 GiB (2-1 bytes) payload. These theoretical limits for the Internet Protocol (IP) MTU, however, are reached only on networks that have a suitable link-layer infrastructure.
Alternate approach
Large send offload and large receive offload offload per-frame processing making CPU load largely independent of frame size. It is another way to eliminate the per-packet overhead that jumbo frames were designed to reduce. Jumbo frames are still useful from a bandwidth perspective, as they reduce the amount of bandwidth used for non-data overhead.
Notes
References
External links
Jumbo Frames – Where to use it?
Jumbo frames? Yes!, by Selina Lo, Alteon Networks, 2/23/1998 in NetworkWorld
Pushing up the Internet MTU
IEEE 802.3as Frame Expansion Task Force
32-Bit Cyclic Redundancy Codes for Internet Applications
Need To Know: Jumbo Frames in Small Networks
Jumbo frames in Arch Linux wiki
Network architecture
Packets (information technology) |
Vanilla walkeriae is a species of vanilla orchid native to India and Sri Lanka. It grows in forest and jungle habitat. It is considered to be a rare species.
Description
This species is an epiphyte with thick, succulent, rooting stems up to 15 meters long that climbs on trees and shrubs. The lance-shaped leaves are up to 3.7 centimeters long. The inflorescence is a large raceme of many flowers. The flower can be up to 6.8 centimeters wide and has wavy-edged white petals. The fruit is a thin capsule up to 15 centimeters long.
The scientific name commemorates Anna Maria Walker of Sri Lanka with whom Robert Wight collaborated.
Uses
The plant is used in the traditional veterinary medicine practices of the Irulas in India. Stem paste is fed to cattle to treat fever and as a nutritional supplement.
Conservation
The species is threatened by commercial overexploitation and habitat destruction.
References
External links
Vanilla walkeriae illustration. Swiss Orchid Foundation.
walkeriae
Epiphytic orchids
Orchids of India
Orchids of Sri Lanka
Threatened flora of Asia |
The Langhorne Library is an historic, American library building that is located in Langhorne, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986, is located in the Langhorne Historic District, which was added to the register in 1987.
History and architectural features
Built in 1888, this historic structure is a cruciform-shaped, one-and-three-quarter-story, brick structure that was designed in a Victorian-Romanesque Revival style. It has a steep, slate covered hipped roof, a narrow cross-gable over the entrance, and smaller gables. The building also features pilasters with terra cotta capitals and terra cotta decorative panels. It housed the public library until the 1970s, after which it became home to the Historic Langhorne Association. It continues to house a local history reference library and museum.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. It is located in the Langhorne Historic District, listed in 1987.
References
External links
Historic Langhorne Association website: Historic Langhorne Library
Library buildings completed in 1888
History museums in Pennsylvania
Libraries on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Romanesque Revival architecture in Pennsylvania
Buildings and structures in Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Museums in Bucks County, Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places in Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Pennsylvania |
The Steinernes Meer (literally "Rocky Sea") is a high karst plateau in the Northern Limestone Alps. As one of the nine sub-ranges of the Berchtesgaden Alps the Steinernes Meer belongs partly to Bavaria and partly to Salzburg.
Location
To the northwest the Steinernes Meer borders on the Hochkalter stock and the Watzmann, to the northeast lie the Hagen Mountains and to the southeast the Hochkönig. It has an area of around 160 km², making it the largest massif in the Berchtesgaden Alps. Of that, 55 square kilometres lies above 2,000 metres. To the south the mountains drop steeply into the Saalfelden Basin. Immediately at the foot of its northern slopes is the lake of Königssee.
Landscape scenery
Dachstein limestone and karst features characterise the scenery. Some 800 karst caves have been identified in the Steinernes Meer to date. Also typical is the distinctive plateau character of the Steinernes Meer above a height of 2,000 metres, which is well illustrated by two statistics. First, fifty - i.e. almost all - summits have a height of 2,000 to 2,600 m; only about ten are lower. Second, the average prominence and isolation of the summits is low; only a few mountains rise significantly over the plateau. The name of the range means "rocky sea" and derives from the rocky and bare character of the plateau, its grey expanse recalling a fossilised sea.
The Bavarian half of the Steinernes Meer belongs to the Berchtesgaden National Park; the Austrian side to the Limestone Alps Nature Reserve (Naturschutzgebiet Kalkhochalpen).
Peaks
The most distinctive and best-known peak in the Steinernes Meer is the Schönfeldspitze (2,653 m) on the southern edge on the Pinzgau side, whose summit pyramid is also visible from Berchtesgaden and which is the emblem of the Berchtesgadener Land. The far less well known Selbhorn (2,655 m) is slightly higher than the Schönfeldspitze and is the highest peak in the range. Other high and well-known summits include the Brandhorn (2,610 m), which forms the tripoint of the Berchtesgadener Land with the Pinzgau and Pongau regions; the Großer Hundstod (2,593 m), the Funtenseetauern (2,578 m) and the Breithorn (2,504 m).
If a prominence of 30 metres is taken as the criterion in counting the number of peaks, there are at least 63 in the Steinernes Meer. 47 summits have a prominence of at least 50 metres, 22 have a prominence of over 100 metres, but only five over 200 metres.
Only about 20 peaks are accessible over a marked hiking path or climb. This indicates that tourists concentrate largely on a few destinations. Large parts of the plateau are places of absolute solitude; many peaks are only rarely if ever climbed.
The most important elevations in the Steinernes Meer, in order of height (incomplete list):
Selbhorn, 2,655 m
Schönfeldspitze, 2,653 m
Brandhorn, 2,609 m
Großer Hundstod, 2,594 m
Langeck, 2,593 m
Funtenseetauern, 2,578 m
Wildalmkirchl, 2.578 m
Schareck, 2,567 m
Poneck, 2,559 m
Grießkogel, 2,543 m
Graskopf, 2,519 m
Wildalmrotkopf, 2,515 m
Breithorn, 2,504 m
Mitterhorn, 2,491 m
Wurmkopf, 2,451 m
Reißhorn, 2,411 m
Schindlkopf, 2,356 m
Alpriedelhorn, 2,351 m
Persailhorn, 2,347 m
Schneiber, 2,330 m
Laubwand, 2,312 m
Schottmalhorn, 2,232 m
Viehkogel, 2,158 m
The most important summits in the Steinernes Meer, in order of orographic prominence:
Großer Hundstod, 475 m
Selbhorn, 408 m
Schönfeldspitze, 384 m
Breithorn, 327 m
Funtenseetauern, 212 m
The most important summits in the Steinernes Meer, in order of orographic isolation:
Selbhorn, 5.1 km
Großer Hundstod, 4.5 km
Funtenseetauern, 3.95 km
Breithorn, 2.45 km
Brandhorn, 2,4 km
External links
http://www.bergfotos.de – comprehensive information on the Steinernes Meer like e. g. summit lists by height, prominence and isolation
Hut tour in the Steinernes Meer
Mountain ranges of the Alps
Berchtesgaden Alps
Berchtesgadener Land
Mountain ranges of Bavaria
Mountain ranges of Salzburg (state) |
Ottniel Baartman (born 18 March 1993) is a South African cricketer. He made his first-class debut for South Western Districts in the 2014–15 Sunfoil 3-Day Cup on 22 January 2015. In September 2018, he was named in Northern Cape's squad for the 2018 Africa T20 Cup. In September 2019, he was named in Northern Cape's squad for the 2019–20 CSA Provincial T20 Cup.
In January 2021, Baartman was named in South Africa's Test squad for their series against Pakistan. However, later the same month, he was ruled out of the tour due to a medical reason. In April 2021, he was named in KwaZulu-Natal's squad, ahead of the 2021–22 cricket season in South Africa.
References
External links
1993 births
Living people
South African cricketers
Northern Cape cricketers
South Western Districts cricketers
Sunrisers Eastern Cape cricketers
People from Oudtshoorn
Cricketers from the Western Cape |
Damagh (, also Romanized as Damāgh) is a village in Atrak Rural District, Dashli Borun District, Gonbad-e Qabus County, Golestan Province, Iran. As of the 2006 census, its population was 286, consisting of 55 families.
References
Populated places in Gonbad-e Kavus County |
Meymand () is a village in Kakhk Rural District, Kakhk District, Gonabad County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 17, in 4 families.
References
Populated places in Gonabad County |
Sir David William Evans (4 November 1866 – 17 March 1926) was a Welsh lawyer and public servant, who played a leading role in the fight against tuberculosis in Wales. In his early adult life, Evans was a very keen sportsman and played rugby union for Oxford University and Cardiff. He played five international matches for Wales national rugby union team between 1889 and 1891.
Life
Evans was born at Dowlais, Merthyr Tydfil, Wales, his father (Thomas Evans) being a merchant and musician. Evans was educated at Llandovery School and Jesus College, Oxford, matriculating in 1885. He won his "Blue" at rugby in 1887 and 1888, but the Cambridge University team won on both occasions. He played for the Wales national rugby union team against the Irish and Scottish teams in 1889, and against the English and Irish teams in 1890 and 1891. He was admitted as a solicitor in 1893, and practised in Cardiff.
In 1913, he was appointed as director and legal advisor of the King Edward VII National Memorial Association for the Prevention and Treatment of Tuberculosis; his obituary in The Times said that his "keenness and energy" in this role "unquestionably had far-reaching effects on the health of the Principality".
He was also a member of the council of the Cardiff Royal Infirmary, the Prince of Wales's Hospital, the Nursing Association, the National Eisteddfod Association, the National Council of Music, and the Ministry of Health Consultative Council for Wales. He was knighted in 1925 "for public services in Wales".
Shortly before his death, he was installed as Master of the Hendre Lodge of Freemasons. He died in Cardiff on 17 March 1926, having been suffering with a heart condition for some time that had required him to spend the previous four months away from work.
References
1866 births
1926 deaths
Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
Barbarian F.C. players
Cardiff RFC players
Knights Bachelor
Lawyers awarded knighthoods
London Welsh RFC players
Oxford University RFC players
Rugby union forwards
Rugby union players from Merthyr Tydfil County Borough
Wales international rugby union players
Welsh rugby union players
Welsh solicitors |
There are two windmills standing today in Reigate. They are:-
Reigate Heath Windmill.
Wray Common Mill. |
Jaime Eduardo Riveros Valenzuela (, born 27 November 1970) is a Chilean former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder.
Club career
Background
He began his career in 1992 at Rancagua side O'Higgins, near Quinta de Tilcoco, town where Riveros born. In his first full season was loaned to Deportes Santa Cruz on a season long deal. After impressing at second-tier club, he returned to O'Higgins the next season and break into Manuel Pellegrini starting lineup in 1993.
In 1995, he joined Cobreloa, where played the Copa CONMEBOL in his first season, having a well performance because played all four games of his team for the contest, and scored two goals in the two leg matches against Ciclista Lima, first scoring his side's goal in the 1–4 away loss at Lima, for then score during the 7–2 thrash at Calama. However his team was eliminated by Rosario Central in the next key for a 5–1 aggregate loss. During that season, Riveros and Cobreloa reached the Copa Chile final too, losing it on hands of Universidad Católica.
At Loa River based-side, Riveros earned 175 and scored 74 times, being Cobreloa's playmaker for more than five years.
After their long spell with the Zorros del Desierto, in 2001, he moved to Santiago Wanderers, where helped the team to reach Primera División honour (league title) under Jorge Garcés as coach (who was manager of Riveros in Cobreloa during 1995), achieving of that form a title that Wanderers had failed to win since 1968. However, the same season was named the league most valuable player. In his last season at Valparaiso side, Riveros reached a record scoring 21 goals in 15 consecutive weeks during the 2004 Torneo Apertura.
In January 2005, Riveros joined Chilean powerhouse Universidad de Chile, where he had a short spell, playing the Copa Libertadores and netting two goals in 16 league games. After a regular performance with Los Azules, on mid-year he moved to Colombian side Deportivo Cali, where he won the Torneo Finalización.
After being released by Cali team, in 2006, Riveros re–joined his former club Santiago Wanderers. Then, on mid-year he moved to Huachipato managed by Arturo Salah, who permanently used him as the starting lineup's playmaker. In December 2007, he failed to renew his contract and was released.
Everton
In 2008, he joined Everton and helped the team to win Torneo Apertura, being a key player during the campaign.
Retirement
In November 2011 he played his last professional match with CD Palestino against Unión San Felipe.
Managerial career
In 2014, Riveros became Deportes Santa Cruz coach.
International career
He has played for seven different clubs and has been called up to the national team. He made his national team debut on 4 January 1997, against Armenia. He represented his country at the Copa América 1997 playing in two games.
He also played three games for Chile in 1998 FIFA World Cup qualification, and other three in the 2002 FIFA World Cup qualifying, where scored a free kick goal against Colombia in a 3–1 away loss.
Career statistics
International goals
Scores and results list Chile's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Riveros goal.
Honours
Club
Santiago Wanderers
Primera División de Chile: 2001
Deportivo Cali
Torneo Finalización: 2005
Everton
Primera División de Chile: 2008 Apertura
Individual
Chilean Footballer of the Year: 2001
Record of regular phase consecutive weeks scoring 21 goals in 15 games: 2004
Santiago Wanderers history's best signing according to El Mercurio de Valparaíso: 2004
"El Gráfico" Ideal Team: 2008
Santiago Wanderers Bicentennial Ideal Team: 2010
External links
Riveros at Football Lineups
References
1970 births
Living people
Chilean men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Chile men's international footballers
Chilean Primera División players
Categoría Primera A players
C.D. Cobreloa footballers
Huachipato FC footballers
Deportes Santa Cruz footballers
Santiago Wanderers footballers
O'Higgins F.C. footballers
Club Universidad de Chile footballers
Unión Temuco footballers
Club Deportivo Palestino footballers
Deportivo Cali footballers
Everton de Viña del Mar footballers
Chilean expatriate men's footballers
Chilean expatriate sportspeople in Colombia
Expatriate men's footballers in Colombia
People from Cachapoal Province
Footballers from O'Higgins Region |
District 11 is an electoral district in Malta. It was established in 1976. Its boundaries have changed many times but it currently consists of the localities of Attard, Mdina, Mosta and the hamlet of Burmarrad.
Representatives
2017 General Election
References
Districts of Malta |
Brushback may refer to:
Brushback pitch, a baseball pitch thrown high and inside, to force the batter away from the plate
Brushback (novel), a 1998 crime novel by the American writer K.C. Constantine |
Waipawa was a parliamentary electorate in the Hawke's Bay Region of New Zealand, from 1881 to 1946.
Population centres
The previous electoral redistribution was undertaken in 1875 for the 1875–1876 election. In the six years since, New Zealand's European population had increased by 65%. In the 1881 electoral redistribution, the House of Representatives increased the number of European representatives to 91 (up from 84 since the 1875–76 election). The number of Māori electorates was held at four. The House further decided that electorates should not have more than one representative, which led to 35 new electorates being formed, including Waipawa, and two electorates that had previously been abolished to be recreated. This necessitated a major disruption to existing boundaries.
The legislation defined the area as follows:
This district is bounded towards the North by the Hawke's Bay Electoral District; towards the East by the sea; towards the South by the Waimata Stream to its source; thence by a right line to Trig. Station No. 41a; thence by a right line to Trig. Station on Whahatuaro; then by the Manawatu River to the Manawatu Gorge; thence towards the West by lines from peak to peak along the summit of the Ruahine Range to the Hawke's Bay Electoral District,
History
The Waipawa electorate was established for the .
William Cowper Smith was the first representative. He was re-elected in . From to 1890 Smith represented the Woodville electorate, which only existed for those three years.
The representative for Waipawa for the period from 1887 to 1890 was Thomas Tanner; he retired at the end of the parliamentary term. Tanner was succeeded by Smith in the ; Smith retired at the end of the parliamentary term.
Charles Hall represented Waipawa for the Liberal Party from to 1896, when he was defeated by George Hunter. Hall in turn defeated Hunter in the and then served the electorate until 1911, when he retired. The was won by Hunter, who continued to represent the electorate until 1930.
An interesting situation arose in . D. B. Kent was originally announced as an independent Liberal-Labour candidate. He was then approached by the United Party and became their official candidate. The local supporters of the United Party had not been consulted on this, and did not support Kent, but backed Ernest Albert Goodger instead. Goodger thus stood as an independent United candidate. This split the United Party vote, but Hunter again won with an absolute majority.
Hunter's death on 20 August 1930 caused the , which was won by Albert Jull. Jull was confirmed by the voters in the , but was defeated in by Max Christie. Jull in turn defeated Christie in 1938, but he died on 24 September 1940. Jull was succeeded by Cyril Harker, who won the . Harker was confirmed by the voters in the . He served until the end of the parliamentary term in 1946, when the electorate was abolished.
Members of Parliament
The electorate was represented by seven Members of Parliament:
Key
Election results
1943 election
1940 by-election
1938 election
1935 election
1931 election
1930 by-election
1928 election
1925 election
1922 election
1919 election
1914 election
1911 election
1908 election
1905 election
1902 election
1899 election
1896 election
1893 election
1890 election
1887 election
1884 election
1881 election
Table footnotes
Notes
References
Historical electorates of New Zealand
Politics of the Hawke's Bay Region
1881 establishments in New Zealand
1946 disestablishments in New Zealand |
Tales From Planet Earth is a collection of science fiction short stories by British writer Arthur C. Clarke, originally published in 1989.
Contents
Contents of Tales From Planet Earth include:
Preface, by Arthur C. Clarke and Isaac Asimov
"The Road to the Sea"
"Hate"
"Publicity Campaign"
"The Other Tiger"
"The Deep Range"
"If I Forget Thee, Oh Earth..."
"The Cruel Sky"
"The Parasite"
"The Next Tenants"
"Saturn Rising"
"The Man Who Ploughed the Sea"
"The Wall of Darkness"
"The Lion of Comarre"
"On Golden Seas"
References
External links
1989 short story collections
Short story collections by Arthur C. Clarke
Hutchinson (publisher) books |
"Come Back and Stay" is a song by Bad Boys Blue from their third studio album Love Is No Crime. Released as a single in late 1987, it peaked at number 18 in West Germany for two weeks. It was the first single by the group to feature John McInerney on lead vocals.
Composition
The song was written and produced by Tony Hendrik and Karin Hartmann (as Karin van Haaren).
Charts
References
1987 songs
1987 singles
Bad Boys Blue songs |
The Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal, sponsored by the Society of Christian Ethics, that examines social, economic, political, and cultural problems within the context of Christian social ethics. It was established in 1981 as The Annual of the Society of Christian Ethics and was reorganized as a journal in 2002. For many years, the journal was published by Georgetown University Press. Since 2019 it has been published in print and electronic formats by the Philosophy Documentation Center.
Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in the following bibliographic databases:
See also
List of ethics journals
References
External links
The Society of Christian Ethics
English-language journals
Ethics journals
Academic journals established in 1981
Biannual journals
Philosophy Documentation Center academic journals
Georgetown University Press books |
The 1840 United States presidential election in Vermont took place between October 30 and December 2, 1840, as part of the 1840 United States presidential election. Voters chose seven representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.
Vermont voted for the Whig candidate, William Henry Harrison, over Democratic candidate Martin Van Buren. Harrison won Vermont by a margin of 28.43%.
Harrison's 28.43% margin of victory made it his strongest victory in the election while he carried 63.90% of the popular vote made Vermont his second strongest state after Kentucky.
Harrison had previously won the Green Mountain State against Van Buren four years earlier.
Results
See also
United States presidential elections in Vermont
References
Vermont
1840
1840 Vermont elections |
Mediagua, is the name given in Chile to a type of prefabricated house, constructed of wood panels, which can be erected in less than a day. The traditional model has an area of .
They are traditionally used to provide emergency housing solutions after natural disasters, or to give an inexpensive house to homeless people.
Because they are designed as temporary solutions they are commonly installed without sanitation or electricity, but often they become permanent homes.
Elements
A standard mediagua, such as those installed by the housing foundation Un Techo para Chile ("A Roof for Chile") is of long by wide, which is designed to house a family of 4. There is also a model of half the area of the former, for single people and couples.
They are made of 8 panels (2 floors, 2 sides, 2 front and 2 rear), two windows, one door, 8 sheets of zinc for the roof, plus 15 support logs of long to isolate the house from the moisture of the soil. The house is divided in two rooms.
History
In the mid-nineteenth century the first slums began to appear around Santiago de Chile, where unskilled workers lived. The sanitation, safety and housing were deplorable. The houses were built with waste materials. The conditions had not changed by 1960. At that time groups associated with the Jesuits began to build mediaguas for poor people. In 1962 the Hogar de Cristo (Home of Christ) Foundation (founded by St. Alberto Hurtado) built 1000 mediaguas, and by 2010 they had built over 400,000 mediaguas in total.
Mediaguas were built by the government to house the victims of the earthquakes in Valdivia (1960), La Ligua (1965), Santiago (1985) and Tocopilla (2007).
After the 2010 Chile earthquake the housing foundation Un Techo para Chile ("A Roof for Chile") started a national campaign that raised the money to build more than 40,000 mediaguas for the victims.
References
External links
Un Techo para Chile
Video tutorial on how to build a mediagua part 1 - part 2 - part 3 - part 4 - part 5 - part 6 - part 7 - part 8
Hogar de Cristo
Architecture in Chile |
José Angel Berraondo Insausti (born 4 November 1878 in San Sebastián and died 11 April 1950) was a Spanish footballer, referee and manager. He was one of the most important figures of Spain's football at the beginning and middle of the 20th century, as a player, captain, club founder, manager, referee, director, vice-president and even as a national coach.
Berraondo was one of the most important figures in the amateur beginnings of Real Madrid, then known as Madrid CF, serving as its captain from 1904 until 1909, and thus playing a crucial role in Madrid's four consecutive Copa del Rey titles between 1905 and 1908. In addition to being the team captain, he was also the vice-president of Los Merengues, even holding the interim presidency of Madrid FC for a few months. Berraondo was one of the founding members of Real Sociedad in 1909, and helped the newly founded club reach two Copa del Rey finals in 1910 and 1913. After retiring as a player, Berraondo became a referee and took charge of the 1921 Copa del Rey Final. As a manager, he guided the Spain national team at the 1928 Summer Olympics, and coached Real Madrid for 2 years during 1927–1929.
Playing career
Berraondo was introduced to football during his time as a student in England. Apparently, he got to play in the first team of Brentford during this period. At the age of 26, Berraondo returned to Spain and settled in Madrid, where he decided to continue his love of football and joined the city's main club, Madrid FC (now Real Madrid), in 1904. Despite the presence of the likes of Yarza, Prast, Parages and even Armando Giralt, it was Berraondo who, just one year after joining the team, became the captain of Madrid FC in 1905. No one disputed this decision in a time when the captain had the duty of dictating the tactics to be followed and making up the line-ups as there were still no professional coaches in Spain's football, thus basically serving as a player-coach. Under his captaincy, Madrid won 4 Copa del Rey titles in a row between 1905 and 1908 and as many regional championships with the white club. Berraondo played an important role in the first great team in the history of Real Madrid since he was able to pass on to his teammates the knowledge that he had acquired in England about football.
In 1909 he decided to go live in his hometown, whose local team at the time was Club Ciclista de San Sebastián, which had just won the 1909 Copa del Rey, being the first time in 5 years that a team other than Madrid won the competition. A few months after this victory, Berraondo, along with the players who had won the tournament, founded the Sociedad de Football (now known as Real Sociedad) on 7 September 1909, of which he was elected its first vice-president.
Berraondo played for Real Sociedad for four years, between 1909 and 1913, a period in which he also served as captain and player-coach, using the knowledge he brought from England to strengthen the newly founded team. Sociedad participated in the 1910 Copa del Rey (UECF) under the umbrella of another local club, the Vasconia Sporting Club (since the club was not a year old since its constitution like the tournament statutes required). To secure a spot, however, Vasconia had first to defeat Racing Club de Irún in a playoff to determine the local representative in the tournament, and Berraondo played in both matches, which ended in wins. The tournament was played in a triangle format against the only two other teams who had won the competition, Madrid FC and Athletic Club, the powerhouses of Spain's football at the time, but under Berraondo's leadership, they managed to beat his former club Madrid by a score of 2–0 (both goals being scored by George McGuinness), but in the final they were beaten by Athletic 0–1, the courtesy of a goal from Remigio Iza.
In 1913, in another edition marked by two parallel tournaments, Sociedad also played in one of the two Cup finals, this time against FC Barcelona. Berraondo played the first two games of the final teaming up in defense with Mariano Arrate, with both ending in draws, first at 2 and then at 0. In the third and decisive match, Berraondo was replaced by Eguía and without him, Barcelona took the title with a 2–1 win.
On 5 October 1913, Berraondo participated in another historic eleven of Real Sociedad, the one that opened the Atotxa Stadium against Athletic Club, in an eventual 3–3 draw. That same year Berraondo, who was already a veteran turning 35, decided to hang up his boots as a footballer.
Executive career
While at Madrid FC, he held a position on the board during the presidency of General Adolfo Meléndez (1908–10). Despite still being a player and captain of the squad he was elected vice president. In fact, in the absence of Meléndez, who was a professional soldier and had to go to the Melilla War, Berraondo held the interim presidency of Madrid FC for a few months. His departure in 1909 to live in San Sebastián forced him to resign from these functions and he was subsequently relieved of the vice-presidency of the club, a position that he carried out with great honor. Also in 1909, he participated in the foundation of Real Sociedad, of which he was a member of the first board of directors, also holding the position of vice president for a few years, while also serving as player and captain of the team.
Berraondo also took part in the founding of the Spanish Football Federation in 1913 and the Guipuzcoan Football Federation and held various positions in the organization chart of these federations. He was proposed for President of the Guipuzcoan Football Federation in 1923, but did not accept the position.
Refereeing career
Berraondo refereed the 1921 Copa del Rey Final between Athletic Club and Athletic Madrid, which was the first meeting between the 'two Athletics' who had begun as the same club, ending in a convincing 4–1 win to the team from Bilbao.
Sports journalist career
He also devoted himself professionally to sports journalism as a sports editor of El País Vasco and editor of the newspaper La Noticia. While still at Madrid FC, in the "Heraldo de Madrid", Berraondo published some delicious chronicles about the qualities, training, defects and virtues of each of the players' positions. Ways to defend a corner, speed tests and specific training for goalkeepers.
Managerial career
Real Sociedad
Berraondo was the first coach in the history of Real Sociedad. According to the Real Sociedad website, Berraondo served as coach of Real Sociedad between 1909 and the 1922–23 season, when they signed the first professional coach in their history, the Hungarian Lippo Hertzka. This claim comes from the fact that Berraondo was the captain of Real Sociedad from 1909, when he arrived at the San Sebastian team, until his retirement in 1913, and after his retirement as a footballer, it seems that Berraondo continued to be linked to Sociedad as a coach, because in a press release from 1917, is commented that "Berraondo presents his resignation as coach of the team", his resignation not being accepted by the board. So although this figure lacked official status at the time, it can be said that he performed these functions both as captain and after.
Spain
Berraondo was the driving force behind Spain's first-ever unofficial international match held on 25 May 1913 at Estadio de Amute in Hondarribia, performing the functions of Spain's coach and even refereeing the match himself. The line-up he selected was made up mainly of players from Real Sociedad (5 out of 11). On that day, Spain, playing under the auspices of the Real Unión Española de Clubs de Football (RUECF), went against France national side represented by the USFSA, and the game ended in a 1–1 draw thanks to a late equalizer from Juan Arzuaga.
In July 1920 Berraondo was appointed coach of the Spain national team, which was going to make its international debut at the 1920 Summer Olympics. However, despite being a member of the squad that went to Antwerp together with Paco Bru and Julián Ruete, it was Bru who managed Spain's team on Belgian lands, thus going down in history as the first coach of Spain's national team.
A year later, a Selection Committee which was to be in charge of Spain's team was formed, a triumvirate made up of Berraondo himself, Ruete and the Galician Manuel Castro (who had been the driving force behind the founding of Celta de Vigo), and the first match this Committee oversaw was a friendly against Belgium 9 October 1921, which was Spain's first-ever game after the Olympics as well as their first-ever game on home soil. After the match, which Spain won (2–0), the triumvirate was dissolved after Berraondo resigned on the eve of Spain's second match as a local on 18 December 1921 against Portugal. His resignation was due to his refusal to accept pressure to field certain players.
However, Berraondo's link with Spain's team did not end there. After the failure of Spain in the 1924 Paris Olympics, Berraondo was finally appointed as coach. However, Berraondo did not accept the position because of his job as sports editor of the newspaper El País Vasco in San Sebastián. In any case, he left the door open for a future acceptance of the position as long as it was for an exceptional and punctual event, such as an Olympics.
1928 Olympics
In July 1927, he was appointed once again as the national coach, and this time Berraondo decides to accept, to start the preparations for the upcoming 1928 Summer Olympics. Almost simultaneously, however, he also receives an offer to coach Real Madrid, and he accepts both positions, which he carried out during the 1927-28 season. With Spain, Berraondo faced the harsh reality of not being able to carry out his regular training plan due to the lack of free dates. He was only able to lead the national team in two friendlies during the first half of 1928, against Portugal and Italy, which ended in draws, with the draw against Portugal provoking harsh attacks from his critics. Dissatisfied with the means available to him, he submitted his resignation shortly before the 1928 Olympics, but this resignation was not accepted. Being the Olympic Games an amateur competition, professionals had no place, and his deep convictions of fair play led him to lead a strictly amateur team, which did not have the so-called brown amateurs, players who are legally amateurs, but professionals in practice. Meanwhile, the other national teams fielded the best players they had, even if they were undercover professionals. This fact led to the absence of the main figures of Spain's football at the time, such as the goalkeeper Ricardo Zamora, José Samitier or Vicente Piera. Berraondo's Olympic team, which was mostly made up of Real Sociedad players, started the tournament brightly defeating Mexico by a score of 7–1, and in the second game, against Italy, Spain surprisingly tied at 1; but in the replay 3 days later, Italy kicked them out of the tournament with a resounding 7–1 win. It was a new failure of Spain in the Olympics and the criticism of Berraondo fell mercilessly, especially for his decision to field the Arenas goalkeeper José María Jáuregui instead of Ricardo "Divino" Zamora, whom many called inexperienced and blamed for much of the defeat. In Berraondo's defense, it can be said that the Italians benefited from an arbitration unanimously described as disastrous. After the fiasco of the Olympiad Berraondo resigned from his position as coach.
Real Madrid
On the other hand, his career at the helm of Real Madrid that season was not too brilliant either. The team came second in the 1927–28 Centro championship, losing to their eternal rival, Athletic Madrid, and in the 1928 Copa del Rey, they fell in the quarterfinals to Valencia CF, a team that who was not yet considered one of the important teams of Spain's football. On 3 October 1928, he resigned from his position as coach of Real Madrid citing health reasons and announced his return to Gipuzkoa.
After the bitter draft of the 1927–28 season, Berraondo left the world of football, not appearing in the sports news for the following years.
Honours
Madrid FC
Centro championship:
Champions (4): 1904–05, 1905–06, 1906–07 and 1907–08
Copa del Rey:
Champions (4): 1905, 1906, 1907 and 1908.
Real Sociedad
Copa del Rey:
Champions (4): 1910, 1913
References
External links
Berraondo Profile
1878 births
1950 deaths
Real Madrid CF players
20th-century deaths
Men's association football defenders
Spanish men's footballers
Real Sociedad footballers
Footballers from San Sebastián
Spanish football managers
Real Sociedad managers
Spain national football team managers
Real Madrid CF managers
Olympic coaches for Spain
La Liga managers |
Gustav Georg Embden (10 November 1874 – 25 July 1933) was a German physiological chemist.
Background
Gustav Embden was a son of the Hamburg lawyer and politician George Heinrich Embden. His grandmother Charlotte Heine was a well-known salonnière and a sister of the poet Heinrich Heine.
Education and career
Embden initially studied in Freiburg, Strasbourg, Munich, Berlin, and Zurich under the famous physiologists of his time, including Johannes von Kries, Franz Hofmeister, Gaule, Paul Ehrlich, and Julius Richard Ewald. In 1904, he became the director of the chemistry laboratory of the medical clinic at the Frankfurt-Sachsenhausen municipal hospital. His research here helped to build the clinic into the Physiological Institute by 1907 and into the University Institute for Vegetative Physiology in 1914. In the same year, he retained his directorship and started teaching at the University of Frankfurt am Main. Embden served as the rector of the university from 1925 to 1926.
Research
Embden conducted studies on carbohydrate metabolism and muscle contraction, and he was the first to discover and link together all the steps involved in the conversion of glycogen to lactic acid. In 1918, Otto Fritz Meyerhof's work on cellular metabolism showed that the process involved the breakdown of glucose to lactic acid. Embden is known for having worked out the precise steps involved in this breakdown. Henceforth, this cellular metabolic sequence from glycogen to lactic acid became known as the Embden–Meyerhof pathway.
Embden had also worked on developing a technique to prevent tissue damage. In doing so, he discovered the liver's role in metabolic processes, thereby laying a foundation for understanding normal sugar metabolism and of its pathological form, diabetes.
Some scientific historians, such as Thomas Kuhn, consider the work done in the 1930s in the laboratories of Meyerhof, Parnas, Embden, Warburg, etc. to be the mark of a true scientific revolution.
Awards
Although Embden was never awarded a Nobel prize, he was nominated 12 times over 8 years.
References
1874 births
1933 deaths
20th-century German chemists
People educated at the Wilhelm-Gymnasium (Hamburg)
Scientists from Hamburg
Academic staff of Goethe University Frankfurt
Members of the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala |
Toda Mi Vida (All My Life) is the fifth studio album by American Tejano music singer Jay Perez. The album peaked at number eight on the US Billboard Regional Mexican Albums chart. The album received a nomination for Album of the Year (Group) at the 1999 Tejano Music Awards.
Track listing
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Toda Mi Vida.
Charts
See also
1998 in Latin music
Latin American music in the United States
References
Works cited
1998 albums
Sony Discos albums
Spanish-language albums
Jay Perez albums |
Georgia Williams (born 25 August 1993) is a New Zealand professional racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's WorldTeam .
Career
She took up cycling whilst attending Albany Junior High School, where testing at the school's sports academy suggested that she was suited to the sport, having previously competed in netball and water polo.
She took two silver medals at the UCI Juniors Track World Championships: one in the team pursuit in 2010 and another in the individual pursuit in 2011. Williams joined the team in 2013. She competed at the 2014 Commonwealth Games. In 2016, she was part of the New Zealand team pursuit squads that finished fourth at the UCI Track Cycling World Championships and the 2016 Summer Olympics. In February 2017 it was announced that Williams would join for the 2017 season. She won New Zealand's second ever medal in the women's road race at a Commonwealth Games, a silver medal in 2018, after Susy Pryde at the 1998 Commonwealth Games.
Major results
2009
1st Time trial, Oceania Junior Road Championships
2010
2nd Team pursuit, UCI Junior Track World Championships (with Alexandra Neems, and Elizabeth Steel)
2011
2nd Individual pursuit, UCI Junior Track World Championships
3rd Time trial, Oceania Junior Road Championships
2012
1st Criterium, National Road Championships
2013
National Road Championships
2nd Road race
3rd Time trial
1st Young rider classification Grand Prix Elsy Jacobs
1st Young rider classification Tour Languedoc Roussillon
5th Overall Giro del Trentino Alto Adige-Südtirol
1st Stage 1a (TTT)
8th Overall Thüringen Rundfahrt der Frauen
2014
Oceania Track Championships
1st Team pursuit (with Lauren Ellis, Jaime Nielsen and Racquel Sheath)
3rd Points race
2nd Points race, BikeNZ Classic
2016
2nd Road race, National Road Championships
2017
National Road Championships
2nd Time trial
2nd Road race
2018
National Road Championships
1st Time trial
1st Road race
2nd Road race, Commonwealth Games
4th Overall Emakumeen Euskal Bira
4th Tour of Guangxi Women's Elite World Challenge
5th Overall Women's Herald Sun Tour
6th Gooik–Geraardsbergen–Gooik
2019
1st Time trial, National Road Championships
2021
National Road Championships
1st Time trial
1st Road race
2022
1st Time trial, National Road Championships
See also
BePink-La Classica
References
External links
1993 births
Living people
New Zealand female cyclists
Olympic cyclists for New Zealand
Cyclists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Commonwealth Games competitors for New Zealand
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for New Zealand
Commonwealth Games medallists in cycling
Cyclists at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Cyclists at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Cyclists at the 2022 Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Cyclists from Auckland
People from Takapuna
21st-century New Zealand women
21st-century New Zealand people |
LMNO was the working title for a video game in development by Electronic Arts, notable for Steven Spielberg's involvement in the project.
The partnership with Spielberg, first announced in 2005, was to produce an action game with an aim to evoke emotion, described as "a mix of first-person parkour movement with adventure and role-playing elements and escape-focused gameplay, all involving the player's relationship with an alien-looking character named Eve". According to Sebastien Mitten, the art director at Arkane Studios, the story had the player-character rescue Eve from a government laboratory on the east coast of the United States and help her escape on a road trip to the west coast trying to keep her alien nature hidden from encounters with other humans, which he described as a very typical Spielberg story. As a requirement of Spielberg, the game would have lacked gunplay, instead allowing the player to avoid combat by solving puzzles or if necessary resorting to hand-to-hand fighting. The game also had focused on characterization and expressions with player decisions having impacts on how the game progressed.
The EA Los Angeles studio, which Spielberg had collaborated with before, brought established talent from other studios to help on the project, including Doug Church, Randy Smith, and Habib Zargarpour. They also brought in Arkane Studios in Lyon, France, to help with at least one level, that of a western truck stop. The project was officially announced as cancelled in late 2010, although sources place the actual date that work ceased on the project as being around a year earlier.
Details about LMNO, including preliminary gameplay footage, were revealed as part of a larger documentary on Arkane Studios released by Noclip in May 2020.
See also
Hollywood and the video game industry
References
Cancelled Windows games
Electronic Arts games
Steven Spielberg
Arkane Studios games
Vaporware video games |
"Da Goodness" is a song by American rapper Redman featuring fellow rapper Busta Rhymes. It was released as the third and last single from Redman's fourth studio album Doc's da Name 2000 on January 12, 1999, by Def Jam.
Composition
"Da Goodness" was composed in time and the key of F♯ major, with a tempo of 67 beats per minute. It has a duration time of four minutes and nine seconds.
Charts
References
1999 singles
1998 songs
Busta Rhymes songs
Elektra Records singles
Songs written by Busta Rhymes |
Lhuentse is a town and the headquarters of the eponymous Lhuentse District in northeastern Bhutan. It is about 74 km from Mongar, 145 km from Trashigang and 452 km from the national capital Thimphu. Nearest airport is Yongphulla Airport 130 km away.
Lhuentse consists of eight Gewogs, namely Gangzur, Jaray, Kurtoed, Khoma, Maenbi, Maedtsho, Minjey, and Tshenkhar.
History
In 1551,Ngagi Wangchuk, the youngest son of Ngawang Chogyal, visited Bhutan, accompanied by his family from Druk Ralung in Tibet. His visit of a number of holy sites in different regions of the country eventually took him to kurtoe. At the present-day site of Lhentse Dzong he meditated and built a small temple which came to be know as Kurtoe Lhentse Phodrang.
There the local deity appeared before him in the form of white, bleating goat. the bleat was taken as an auspicious sign and he built a temple in 1552. During the reign of tje fourth Desi gyalse Tenzin Rabgay, a monk-tax - a tradition of sending one boy from each famliy to the Dzongs - was imposed, whereby the first sixty monks were recruited in Lhentse Dratshang. After the completion of the Dzong, various religious artifacts and relics were installed by the 4th Desi Gyalse Tenzin Rabgye.
Development plans
It is also the site of proposed joint "India-Bhutan Lhuntse Advanced Landing Ground" (AGL) capable of handling large transport aircraft and fighter jets.
Tourism
It is the location of the Lhuentse Dzong, Bumdeling Wildlife Sanctuary in Trashiyangtse district is just to the northeast, and Tawang in India lies to the east.
Administration
The postal code for Lhuentse is 45001.
See also
Bhutan–India relations
Bhutan–India border
Bhutan–China border
Line of Actual Control
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Bhutan |
Bosnia and Herzegovina competed at the 2022 Winter Paralympics in Beijing, China which took place between 4–13 March 2022. Two alpine skiers competed.
Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors participating at the Games per sport/discipline.
Alpine skiing
Ilma Kazazić and Jovica Goreta competed in alpine skiing.
See also
Bosnia and Herzegovina at the Paralympics
Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 2022 Winter Olympics
References
Nations at the 2022 Winter Paralympics
2022
Winter Paralympics |
Laura Marani Argnani (1865-1955), was an Italian politician of the National Fascist Party (PNF).
She was the leader of the local branch of the Fasci Femminili in Reggio Emilia 1929-1940, and expanded her branch of the organization to the biggest in Italy.
In 1930, the national leadership of the Fascist women's organization, the Fasci Femminili, was left vacant after Angiola Moretti. There were only leaders of the local branches until the national oversight committee was established in 1937, in which Clara Franceschini and Giuditta Stelluti Scala Frascara were appointed as inspectors by Achille Starace in a shared leadership position, followed in 1938 by an additional four: Wanda Bruschi Gorjux, Laura Marani Argnani, Teresita Menzinger Ruata and Olga Medici del Vascello. To be a member of the Fasci Femminili, or the women's groups under its umbrella, was the only way for a woman to be a part of the Fascist Party, which otherwise excluded women from all formal positions within the party.
References
1865 births
1955 deaths
National Fascist Party politicians
20th-century Italian women politicians |
Riverside Plantation may refer to:
Riverside Plantation (Enterprise, Mississippi), listed on the NRHP in Mississippi
Riverside Plantation Tabby Ruins, Frogmore, South Carolina, listed on the NRHP in South Carolina |
Baracouda (1995 – 9 February 2023) was a top staying hurdler for racehorse trainer François Doumen in the late 1990s and early first decade of the 21st century. Amongst his major successes, he won the Stayers Championship, the World Hurdle twice, as well as winning 10 consecutive races between November 2000 and November 2002. He holds the record for winning Ascot's Grade 1 Long Walk Hurdle 4 times (one won at Windsor during Ascot redevelopment).
Races
A low-key Flat performer in France he was sent to trainer François Doumen after finishing 5th on hurdles debut at Auteuil. He would win three (including Grade 2) and finish second three times (including Grade 1) in his first half dozen starts for Doumen.
Next up was a visit to Britain where Doumen had been so synonymous with success down the years. As a 5yo novice he went into Ascot's Grade 1 Long Walk Hurdle in December against seasoned and top class staying hurdlers. He treated them with disdain winning by 14 lengths from favourite Deano's Beeno. Afterwards he and brilliant chaser First Gold were bought privately by Irish tycoon JP McManus for an undisclosed sum.
In his next start he gave weight and beat 9 rivals at Fontwell in the National Spirit Hurdle but his intended target of the Stayers Hurdle at Cheltenham wasn't to be with the Festival lost to foot and mouth.
Baracouda instead stayed home to win a Grade 3 at Auteuil before returning to the UK for a rescheduled and unofficial championship event at Sandown in April. Baracouda defeated 10 rivals with consummate ease although he idled in front to win by 3 lengths from Carlovent.
Baracouda returned to action the following Autumn defeating subsequent Champion Hurdler Hors La Loi III by 9 lengths in the Ascot Hurdle before winning his second Long Walk. In one of his best ever performances he won the Grade 1 by 24 lengths.
In his Cheltenham warm up he somewhat scrambled home in a slowly run Rendlesham at Kempton before his first race at Cheltenham in the 2002 Stayers Hurdle.
Baracouda faced 15 rivals with Irish stayer Bannow Bay considered unbeatable by his connections the biggest rival. Racing dead last for most of the first circuit he slowly but surely picked his way through the field under Thierry Doumen. Turning for home it was evident that Bannow Bay and Baracouda were going far better than their rivals. Sensing his big rival in his rear view mirror Charlie Swan sent Bannow Bay on going to the last. Thierry Doumen tracked him and went second shortly before jumping it. Bannow Bay found the response he'd promised Swan yet Doumen brought Baracouda alongside halfway up the run in and despite only hands and heels urging he was able to coax him home by a neck from Bannow Bay; the pair 13 lengths clear of third It Takes Time.
The following season despite talk of a switch to fences he remained over hurdles starting out in a four-runner renewal of the Ascot Hurdle. Despite the small field it turned out to be one of the most dramatic races of the season. AP McCoy sensing a complete lack of urgency at the start sent his mount Mr Cool off in front and he was 20L clear at the first. That advantage had doubled by halfway and he was almost a hurdle ahead as the runners left Swinley Bottom. Baracouda with his customary hold-up tactics looked to have an insurmountable task turning in as he went into second still more than 30L behind. He had halved the deficit at the last but it still looked impossible until the petrol light on Mr Cool hit red and McCoy's mount toiled up the punishing hill. Baracouda was closing all the while but never looking like he could quite get there in time but in a slow motion finish he eventually reeled Mr Cool in to win by a neck. The pair were a distance clear of the other two.
With his winning run at 10 next up was a bid for a third Long Walk hurdle again at Ascot but it proved a bridge too far as the exaggerated waiting tactics this time saw him use up too much energy to get alongside Deano's Beeno only for that rival to find a little bit extra in the finish to cause a huge upset. Thierry Doumen came in for huge criticism this time after somewhat getting away with it the time before he this time had in many people's eyes cost Baracouda the race.
There was to be no Stayer's prep this year as he went straight to Cheltenham for the most eagerly anticipated renewal of the race ever. Baracouda would finally face off with Irish legend Limestone Lad a tough as teak front-running winner of 35 races including 4 top level successes. Throw in crack novice Iris's Gift and Cleeve Hurdle winner Classified and this was one of the best staying hurdles ever run. Limestone Lad as usual set a swinging gallop under Paul Carberry and led the field down the hill second time but at that point Iris's Gift was cruising in second with Baracouda on his heels also seemingly going well. As Classified and the rest struggled in behind these three turned almost in unison. Baracouda uncharacteristically hit the front before the last but Iris's Gift was almost upsides jumping the last. As Limestone Lad cried enough Baracouda and Iris's Gift went toe-to-toe with the French horse narrowly in front. Iris's Gift dug deeper than ever before but he just could not get past and Baracouda regained his crown in a pulsating finish.
The following season began at Newbury in the Long Distance Hurdle where he gained revenge on Deano's Beeno beating him by 7 lengths. He was also to regain his Long Walk title that winter as he defeated a Grade 1 field beating old rivals Mr Cool and Deano's Beeno by 30 lengths and more.
A Sandown handicap where he gave all rivals at least 25lbs followed as he won comfortably by 2 lengths from Yogi to set up a bid for a third Stayers Hurdle. Iris's Gift who had only had one race that season kept fresh for this was to gain his revenge 12 months on. Baracouda as ever crept into contention and challenged looking the likely winner at the last but against his younger rival he just couldn't quite get past. It was just his second defeat in 16 starts.
The following year started in familiar fashion with wins in the Long Distance Hurdle at Newbury and Long Walk that year run at Windsor. Both times he beat Crystal D'Ainay relatively narrowly. With Iris's Gift out of favour many thought he could regain his Stayer's Crown but this time lost to Inglis Drever.
Baracouda only raced twice in his final season. He was second again to Inglis Drever in the Long Distance Hurdle before bowing out with a fifth place finish in the Stayer's won by My Way De Solzen. It was the second time in 27 races that he failed to finish in the first two.
Retirement and death
Baracouda retired with 18 wins, 7 at Grade 1 level with four Long Walk Hurdles, a record. He retired to owner JP McManus's Martinstown Stud, where he died in February 2023, at the age of 28.
References
1995 racehorse births
2023 racehorse deaths
Cheltenham Festival winners
Thoroughbred family 14-f
National Hunt racehorses
Racehorses bred in France
Racehorses trained in France |
Urgleptes euprepes is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1885.
References
Urgleptes
Beetles described in 1885 |
Christopher Peter Armstrong (born 19 June 1971) is an English former footballer who played professionally as a striker from 1989 to 2005.
He notably played in the Premier League for Crystal Palace and Tottenham Hotspur. He grew up in North Wales, where he played in the amateur game for Llay Welfare before making his professional debut for Wrexham in 1989. After one season at Millwall, he made a £1 million transfer to Crystal Palace of the Premier League in 1992. In March 1995, he became the first Premier League player to receive a doping ban, testing positive for cannabis. He joined Tottenham Hotspur that June for a club record £4.5 million and was part of their team that won the League Cup in 1999. After a one-game spell at Bolton Wanderers, he returned to Wrexham for the remainder of his career.
Armstrong was tracked by the international teams of Wales, Nigeria and the Republic of Ireland but rejected all three. He earned one cap for England B in 1994 and was called up to the senior side in March 1999 but did not play.
Club career
Early career
Armstrong was born in Newcastle upon Tyne to an Irish father and Nigerian mother, and moved to London at age three. He was raised by foster parents in Wales, where he began playing as an amateur goalkeeper in local leagues, before leaving school and giving up on football aged 16. A friend reintroduced him to the game by bringing him to Llay Welfare in the Welsh National League, while he packed burgers during the day for £30 a week. He gained the attention of local professional club Wrexham.
At Wrexham, Armstrong made his professional debut as a teenager during the 1989–90 Football League season in the old Fourth Division, and managed to score three times through the course of the season. In his two-year spell at the club, he went on to play 60 games, scoring 13 times. He took part in the 1990–91 European Cup Winners' Cup, where he scored the only goal of the first round tie against Denmark's Lyngby before elimination by eventual champions Manchester United in the second round.
He moved to Bruce Rioch's Millwall for £50,000 in August 1991.
Crystal Palace
After one season with Millwall, Armstrong joined Steve Coppell's Crystal Palace for £1 million in 1992, ahead of the inaugural season of the Premier League. He found a home at Selhurst Park, where he was the club's top-scorer with 15 league goals in his first campaign.
In January 1995, Kevin Keegan's Newcastle United bid £4.7 million to sign Armstrong, but Palace rejected the offer.
In March 1995, Armstrong tested positive for cannabis, becoming the first Premier League player to fail a drug test, and was banned for four matches. The Independent sports writer Glenn Moore criticised The FA for punishing Armstrong despite not taking action against Dennis Wise and Vinnie Jones for recent violent offences, adding that cannabis was extremely unlikely to have aided his performance. Armstrong finished the season on 18 goals, not enough to save the Eagles from relegation.
His 23 Premier League goals for Palace were the club record until Wilfried Zaha surpassed him in August 2018.
Tottenham Hotspur
After interest from FA Cup holders Everton, Armstrong joined Tottenham Hotspur for a fee of £4.5 million in June 1995, replacing Bayern Munich-bound Jürgen Klinsmann. With the funds coming from a new kit deal and the sales of Klinsmann, Gica Popescu and Ilie Dumitrescu, this made him both Tottenham's most expensive signing, until Les Ferdinand for £6 million in 1997. It was also Palace's most expensive sale, until Andrew Johnson joined Everton for £8.6 million in 2006.
Armstrong made his Spurs debut on 19 August in a 1–1 draw at Manchester City, and scored his first goals in the form of a brace on 20 September in a 4–0 win over Chester City in the second round of the League Cup. He totalled 22 goals (15 league) in his first season, including the winner in the North London derby against Arsenal on 18 November at White Hart Lane. At the start of the season, he was criticised by tabloids for a slow start, and was seen as an inadequate replacement for Klinsmann and inferior to Arsenal's new striker Dennis Bergkamp. However, he built up a prolific partnership with Teddy Sheringham; Armstrong's two goals in a 4–1 win over Manchester United on 1 January 1996 brought their combined total to 23 goals.
On 28 December 1998, Armstrong scored a late hat-trick in a 4–1 home win over Everton, and when he was substituted at the end of the game his teammate David Ginola got in his way to bow down to him. He scored five times in their League Cup run that season, including two in a 3–1 win over Manchester United in the quarter-finals, but was unused in the final at Wembley Stadium which Spurs won over Leicester City.
Armstrong's 2000–01 season was disrupted by frequent groin injuries. Two ankle operations meant he missed the entirety of the following season.
Final years
On 28 August 2002, Armstrong signed for Bolton Wanderers in a deal that would see him earn a low wage until his first-team debut, estimated at two months away due to fitness. His only appearance came on 2 October, in a 1–0 home defeat to Bury in the second round of the League Cup, lasting just 53 minutes before being substituted for Henrik Pedersen.
Armstrong returned to Wrexham aged 32 on 4 July 2003, signing a three-year deal ahead of their return to the Second Division.
International career
Towards the start of his professional career, Armstrong was tracked by Wales, and was called up by Nigeria ahead of the 1994 FIFA World Cup, but turned them down in hope of representing England. Republic of Ireland managers Jack Charlton and Mick McCarthy also tried to enlist Armstrong in the late 1990s; he later revealed that his Tottenham contract said that he could only play for England to avoid limits on foreign players in European fixtures.
Armstrong played his only international match on 10 May 1994, a 3–2 friendly win for England B over Northern Ireland at Hillsborough. He came on as a 65th-minute substitute for Chris Sutton.
He received a call up to the England squad by Kevin Keegan to play Poland in March 1999, but was ultimately never capped for the senior side.
Personal life
In July 2016, Armstrong was arrested for possession of cannabis, cocaine and ecstasy after a raid in West Kensington. He pleaded guilty to possession of Class A and Class B drugs at Hammersmith Magistrates' Court and was fined £375. He denied having a drug problem.
In July 2021, Armstrong caused £2,000 of criminal damage and assaulted staff at a Tesco in Chelsea, London. The staff had refused to open for him to buy cigarettes. He admitted to the offences at Westminster Magistrates' Court the following January. In March, he received an 18-month community order and treatment for his drug and alcohol problems, as well as court costs of £180.
Honours
Crystal Palace
First Division: 1993–94
Tottenham Hotspur
League Cup: 1998–99
Individual
PFA Team of the Year: 1993–94 First Division
Career statistics
Source:
See also
List of sportspeople sanctioned for doping offences
References
External links
1971 births
Men's association football forwards
Black British sportsmen
Bolton Wanderers F.C. players
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Doping cases in association football
English men's footballers
English people convicted of assault
English people convicted of drug offences
English people of Irish descent
English sportspeople of Nigerian descent
English sportspeople in doping cases
English Football League players
England men's B international footballers
Living people
Millwall F.C. players
Premier League players
Footballers from Newcastle upon Tyne
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players
Wrexham A.F.C. players
Llay Welfare F.C. players |
Infiltration () is a 2017 Canadian psychological thriller film directed by Robert Morin. It is about a plastic surgeon named Dr. Louis Richard, played by Christian Bégin, who treats a patient with a burn injury; the patient brings a lawsuit against him. The film premiered at the Fantasia International Film Festival, and was selected for a screening at the 2017 Vancouver International Film Festival. Principal photography took place over 17 days, wrapping up on 22 February 2016.
Reception
Radio-Canada critics commended the film for its atmosphere and intense direction, comparing it to the work of Michael Haneke and Roman Polanski. For La Presse, Marc-Andre Lussier awarded it four stars, hailing it as one of Morin's best films and for its atmosphere of anxiety. Le Devoirs Francois Levesque praised Morin as one of the best directors in the Cinema of Quebec and Infiltration as an "opus".
Accolades
Infiltration led in nominations at the Prix Iris, including with a nomination for Best Film.
References
External links
2017 films
2017 psychological thriller films
Canadian psychological thriller films
Films directed by Robert Morin
Films shot in Quebec
French-language Canadian films
2010s Canadian films |
Star Trek: Voyager is an American science fiction television series that debuted on UPN on January 16, 1995, and ran for seven seasons until May 23, 2001. The show was the fourth live-action series in the Star Trek franchise.
This is a list of actors who have appeared on Star Trek: Voyager
Cast
Main cast
Kate Mulgrew as Kathryn Janeway, commanding officer of the USS Voyager.
Robert Beltran as Chakotay, Janeway's first officer and former member of the Maquis.
Roxann Dawson as B'Elanna Torres, chief engineer and former member of the Maquis.
Robert Duncan McNeill as Tom Paris, conn officer.
Jennifer Lien as Kes, nurse and medical apprentice until her departure from Voyager in 2374.
Ethan Phillips as Neelix, chef, morale officer, and later Federation Ambassador to the Delta Quadrant.
Robert Picardo as The Doctor, chief medical officer.
Tim Russ as Tuvok, chief security/tactical officer.
Jeri Ryan as Seven of Nine, stellar cartography and former Borg drone liberated from the Collective.
Garrett Wang as Harry Kim, operations officer.
Recurring cast
Simon Billig as Hogan, engineering officer and former member of the Maquis until his death in 2373.
Josh Clark as Joe Carey, engineering officer until his death in 2378.
Anthony De Longis as Jal Culluh, First Maje of the Kazon-Nistrim.
John de Lancie as Q, a member of the Q-Continuum who frequently visits the USS Voyager.
Christine Delgado as Susan Nicoletti, engineering officer.
Brad Dourif as Lon Suder, engineering officer and former member of the Maquis until his death in 2373.
Susan Patterson as Kaplan, security officer until her death in 2373.
Alexander Enberg as Vorik, engineering officer.
Tarik Ergin as Ayala, security officer, conn officer, and former member of the Maquis.
Martha Hackett as Seska, Cardassian operative and Kazon collaborator until her death in 2373.
Richard Herd as Owen Paris, flag officer at Starfleet Command, officer of the Pathfinder Project, and father of Tom Paris.
Nancy Hower as Samantha Wildman, science officer.
Manu Intiraymi as Icheb, a former Borg drone liberated from the Collective.
Marley S. McClean as Mezoti, a former Borg drone liberated from the Collective.
Derek McGrath as Chell, operations officer and former member of the Maquis.
Zoe McLellan as Tal Celes, operations officer.
Scarlett Pomers as Naomi Wildman, daughter of Samantha Wildman.
John Rhys-Davies as the holographic recreation of Leonardo da Vinci.
Raphael Sbarge as Michael Jonas, engineering officer and former member of the Maquis until his death in 2372.
Martin Rayner as Doctor Chaotica, a holodeck character.
Dwight Schultz as Reginald Barclay, officer at Starfleet Communications and the Pathfinder Project.
Marina Sirtis as Deanna Troi, ship's counselor on the USS Enterprise-E.
John Tampoya as Kashimuro Nozawa, operations officer.
Susanna Thompson as The Borg Queen, leader of the Borg Collective.
Cody Wetherill as Rebi, a former Borg drone liberated from the Collective.
Kurt Wetherill as Azan, a former Borg drone liberated from the Collective.
Appearances
= Main cast (credited)
= Recurring cast (4+)
= Guest cast (1-3)
See also
List of Star Trek: The Original Series cast members
List of Star Trek: The Next Generation cast members
List of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine cast members
List of Star Trek: Enterprise cast members
List of Star Trek: Discovery cast members
Notes
F: The character was played by Warren Munson in Seasons 2 and 5.
F:The character was played by uncredited babies in Seasons 2 and 3 and by Brooke Stephens in season 4.
F:In the series finale, the character was played by Alice Krige.-
Footnotes
Star Trek: Voyager
Cast
cast of Voyager |
Jerovska Vas (; ) is a small dispersed settlement east of Sladka Gora in the Municipality of Šmarje pri Jelšah in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.
References
External links
Jerovska Vas on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Šmarje pri Jelšah |
Bizous is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in southwestern France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
Country Versatile is the debut album released by rap group, Dirty. It was independently released on July 13, 1999 through Nfinity Music.
Track listing
"Dirty Niggaz"- 3:51
"Vogues/Cadillac Anthem"- 3:50
"Young Niggaz"- 4:20
"All I Do"- 5:23
"Dirt I Bleed"- 5:09
"Ride"- 6:09
"What They Really Want"- 4:36
"Pimp and Gangsta"- 6:33
"Dirty Gul"- 5:09
"Deep"- 4:52
"South West"- 5:37
"Twerk Sum"- :49
"Really, Real"- 4:01
"Dirty Luv"- 4:58
1999 debut albums
Dirty (group) albums |
Exoprosopa capucina is a species of 'bee fly' belonging to the family Bombyliidae subfamily Anthracinae.
This 'bee-fly' is present in most of Europe and in the Near East.
The average body length of the adults reaches . The head is quite large, with small antennae. The dark-brown wings are large too, with translucent areas on their margin and a completely dark cell (R1) on the front border, without hyaline spot. The thorax and the abdomen are greyish brown.
References
Mark van Veen, Zeist - Exoprosopa Keys
External links
Biolib
Fauna Europaea
Bombyliidae
Insects described in 1781
Diptera of Europe |
The Central African Republic, which the United Nations High Commissioner has described as undergoing "the most neglected crisis in the world", has an extremely poor human rights record. It has been designated 'Not Free' by Freedom House from 1972 to 1990, in 2002 and 2003, and from 2014 to the present day. It was rated 'Partly Free' from 1991 to 2001 and from 2004 to 2013. On the United Nations Human Development Index, it ranks 179 out of 187 countries. Between 1988 and 2008, life expectancy decreased from 49 years to 47.7 years.
According to the U.S. State Department, major human rights abuses occur in the country. These include extrajudicial executions by security forces; the torture, beating and rape of suspects and prisoners; impunity, particularly among the armed forces; harsh and life-threatening conditions in prisons and detention centers; arbitrary arrest and detention, prolonged pretrial detention and denial of fair trials; occasional intimidation and restrictions on the press; restrictions on freedom of movement; official corruption; and restrictions on workers' rights.
The State Department report also cites widespread, and often fatal, mob violence; the prevalence of female genital mutilation; discrimination against women and Pygmies; trafficking in persons; forced labor; and child labor. Freedom of movement is limited in the northern part of the country "because of actions by state security forces, armed bandits, and other nonstate armed entities" and thanks to fighting between government and anti-government forces, many persons have been internally displaced.
Recent reports on human rights abuses
In recent years, perhaps the major impediment to human rights in the Central African Republic has been the persistence of widespread armed struggle in the country between government forces and rebel groups and in some cases, between warring rebel groups. In October 2008, a report by the human-rights section of the UN Peacebuilding Support Office in the country, known as BONUCA, described "a serious worsening of the security situation in the north of the country where Government forces, rebels and highway bandits have been active, all of whom committed atrocities" and stated that "[e]xtrajudicial killings, torture and arbitrary arrests, mostly attributed to the defence and security forces and encouraged by a culture of impunity, have contributed to a considerable deterioration in human rights".
The BONUCA report further noted that government forces "blithely violate the laws of war. In their operations against rebels or bandits they make no distinction between those who have taken up arms and civilians… In reprisal raids, the military burn houses, execute people rightly or wrongly accused of complicity with rebels or bandits". According to BONUCA, soldiers in the town of Bouar displayed "severed heads that they claimed belonged to highway bandits they had shot", that bandits "torture travellers, plunder local residents, and kidnap women and children for ransom", that the rebel group called Armée populaire pour la restauration de la democratie (APRD) "prevents some residents from moving around" and that armed men probably belonging to the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) had "kidnapped 150 people, including 55 children and physically abused them". On the other hand, BONUCA said that the government had been very cooperative with human-rights groups.
In February 2010, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Navi Pillay, said that impunity for human-rights abuses is one of the Central African Republic's major challenges. Citing "summary executions, enforced disappearances, illegal arrests, and detention", she called for "strenuous efforts... ...to put an end to these extremely serious abuses of power".
An Amnesty International report on developments in the country during 2011 provided an overview of the various rebel groups that represented a challenge to government forces, observing that the northwestern part of the country "was under the effective control of the Popular Army for the Restoration of Democracy (APRD), an armed group which had signed a peace agreement with the government", while "the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) increased the number and severity of its attacks" in the southeast and east. In July 2011, the Union of Democratic Forces for Unity (UFDR) attacked and occupied the north-eastern town of Sam Ouandja, "purportedly in retaliation for attacks on its positions by the Convention of Patriots for Justice and Peace (CPJP)... . Between June and August, three CPJP factions signed peace agreements with the government, although their fighters continued to be armed". Amnesty International noted that as a result of all these hostilities, a "significant proportion of the CAR was beyond the control of the government", with over 200,000 persons being internally displaced and about 200,000 more living as refugees in neighboring countries.
On 10 December 2012, forces of the Seleka coalition, consisting mostly of members of APRD and UFDR, launched an offensive against government forces, and on 11 January 2013 a peace agreement was signed in which the parties agreed to hold new parliamentary elections. In January 2013, the European Parliament expressed concern about the situation, calling on the parties to respect the ceasefire and condemning "all attempts to take power by force". The European Parliament singled out the use of child soldiers in the ongoing conflicts as a reason for special concern. The International Rescue Committee was obliged to close its offices in the country as a result of the December violence, but reopened them in January, pointing out that the situation nonetheless remained "tense... ...as peace talks between the government, the rebel alliance and opposition parties begin in Gabon".
A 10 January 2013 report by the International Federation of Human Rights (FIDH) called on all parties in the country "to end human rights violations, to protect civilians, and for the negotiation and establishment of better governance for the Central African Republic, in particular for a genuine fight against impunity for the authors of the most serious crimes". An 11 January 2013 report by the International Red Cross indicated that despite ongoing talks in Libreville, residents of the towns of Sibut and Damara, on the front line of the conflict, had "fled their homes for fear of armed violence" and "set up makeshift shelters in the bush, where they’re at the mercy of malaria-carrying mosquitoes". On the same date, the UN Refugee Agency issued a statement saying that it feared the possible consequences of a resumption of hostilities, noting that it had "received reports of thousands of people being displaced in the north and east since the start of the Séléka advance about a month ago".
On 18 January 2013, Louisa Lombard of the New York Times described the CAR as a longtime "laboratory for international peace-building initiatives" that have continually failed. It noted that while the UN had repeatedly "promoted 'D.D.R.' programs – disarmament, demobilization and reintegration – to help armed groups rejoin civilian communities", the DDR approach had "ended up sidelining those it was meant to benefit and creating incentives for the disenchanted to take up arms", because the programs "assume that the governments they assist function like Max Weber’s ideal state – maintaining a monopoly on the use of force, providing services to all citizens".
In reality, wrote Lombard, the CAR's government "has lived off kickbacks while leaving rural authorities mostly to their own devices". She charged that the DDR Steering Committee, founded in 2009 under UN and other international auspices, had spent a great deal of time "talking and dithering", but had accomplished nothing, even as "the members of the committee, as well as foreign staffers, had pocketed comfortable salaries". Lombard lamented the fact that after the December 2012 rise of the Seleka coalition, "international actors still see D.D.R. as a necessary element of the peacemaking toolkit".
On 24 June 2014, in a report, the International Federation of Human Rights (FIDH) said "war crimes and crimes against humanity continued to be committed as the conflict of impunity raged on" in the CAR.
Genocide warnings
In November 2013, the UN warned the country was at risk of spiralling into genocide and France described the country as "...on the verge of genocide." The increasing violence is largely from reprisal attacks on civilians from Seleka's mainly Muslim fighters and Christian militias called "anti-balaka", meaning 'anti-machete' or 'anti-sword'. Christians make up half the population and Muslims 15 percent, according to the CIA World Factbook. As many Christians have sedentary lifestyles and many Muslims are nomadic, claims to the land are yet another dimension of the tensions.
Historical background
The Central African Republic won independence from France in 1960, after which there ensued what the International Rescue Committee has called "decades of misrule and lawlessness" and what the Human Rights Center at Berkeley Law has described as "decades of political instability, state fragility, mismanagement, and a series of armed conflicts....Many countries around the world are locked in a cycle of poverty, conflict, and destruction. Few, however, have received as little attention as the Central African Republic (CAR)." The nation's modern history has been marked by armed struggle between government forces and various rebel groups, often more than one at the same time, and by numerous coups and coup attempts.
David Dacko, who established a one-party state not long after independence, was overthrown in a 1965 coup by Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa, who named himself President for Life in 1972 and Emperor in 1976. Coups in 1979 and 1981 led to rule by a military junta; free elections were held in 1993, and in 2003 General Francois Bozizé seized power. Two years later, he was chosen President in elections that were generally considered free and fair. During his years in power, his regime has been threatened by successive waves of rebellion by a number of different rebel organizations. His term was supposed to end on June 11, 2010, but on May 10 of that year the members of the National Assembly passed a constitutional amendment extending his term as well as their own. On July 30, 2010, Bozizé decreed the first round of presidential and legislative elections would occur in January 2011. The elections did indeed take place in January, and Bozizé was re-elected.
Human-rights organizations
Human-rights groups are able to operate in the Central African Republic with few official restrictions, but the government does not tend to be responsive to their concerns. Domestic human-rights NGOs limit their operations almost exclusively to the capital. Some NGOs have questioned the neutrality of the country's only officially recognized NGO umbrella group, the Inter-NGO Council in CAR (CIONGCA), which is run by a kinsman of the president. Among the active and effective local human-rights groups are the LCDH (Ligue Centrafricaine des Droits de l'Homme), the OCDH (Office centrafricain des Droits de l'Homme), the ACAT (l'Action des Chrétiens pour l'Abolition de la Torture), and AWJ (Association of Women Jurists). Although international organizations are permitted to operate without interference, they are often robbed by anti-government forces on rural roads. Because of the high degree of insecurity in some parts of the Central African Republic, some international human-rights groups have closed their offices in the country.
High Commissioner for Human Rights and Good Governance
The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and Good Governance is charged with investigating human-rights violations by the government, but is understaffed and underfunded, and thus functions only in Bangui. Critics say that it is more of a government mouthpiece than a human-rights office. There is also a human-rights commission in the National Assembly, but it is very underfunded and its autonomy is in doubt.
Basic rights
Under the constitution of the Central African Republic, all human beings are equal without regard to wealth, race, disability, language, or sex. But these provisions are not effectively enforced, and there is considerable discrimination.
The police are ineffective, underfunded, and erratically paid, and public lack of confidence in them often leads to mob violence against suspects. It is possible to file complaints against police officers for abuse, but the prosecutor's staff is ill-equipped to handle the volume of complaints. While BINUCA cooperates with human-rights organizations, it has been criticized for not dealing properly with abuses within its ranks. Although warrantless searches of homes are illegal, they occur. During operations against anti-government forces, the military has burned houses and killed villagers accused of aiding rebels, and the anti-government forces have taken civilians hostage and extorted money from their relatives.
The country's constitution and laws guarantee freedom of speech and of the press, but in practice threats and intimidation are used to limit criticism of the government. The government has been charged with harassing journalists and tapping their phones. Newspapers criticize the president, but are not widely available outside the capital, thanks mainly to the lack of a functioning postal service. The country's low literacy rate limits their audience as well. Privately owned domestic radio stations tend to avoid covering news stories that might draw unwelcome government attention, although international broadcasters such as Radio France Internationale, which have no such pressure on them, can also be picked up by listeners in the country.
Television in the Central African Republic is a state monopoly, with its news coverage generally skewed in the government's favor. The High Council for Communications (HCC), which is charged with granting publication and broadcast licenses and protecting freedom of expression, is purportedly independent, but is partly government-appointed and is said to be under government control. The effectiveness of the news media is weakened by their financial problems, professional deficiencies, and a lack of access to state information. Reporters for privately owned media are not permitted to cover some official events, and often must rely on press releases.
In 2010, a camerawoman was beaten, robbed, and raped in the presence of her children and husband, but no one was arrested. Some senior officials have threatened journalists who have been critical of the government. Many journalists practice self-censorship out of fear of government reprisal. Since 2005 there has been no official censorship and no imprisonment for defamation, though libel or slander still carries a fine of up to eight million CFA francs ($16,000). It is illegal to disseminate material deemed to be "misogynist." Internet use is not restricted or monitored, although only a tiny minority of persons in the country have Internet access.
Although the right of assembly is guaranteed in the Constitution, it is sometimes restricted, with organizers of public meetings required to register 48 hours ahead. Political meetings require government approval and may not be held in schools or churches. The Constitution also guarantees freedom of association, although all associations must apply for registrations, which are usually granted without delay.
The Constitution of the Central African Republic protects, and the government generally respects, religious freedom, and prohibits religious prejudice. Some societal discrimination, however, exists in the country, which is 51 percent Protestant, 29 percent Roman Catholics, 15 percent Muslims, with a large number of persons practicing animism. Witchcraft, which until recently was a capital crime, is now punishable by up to 10 years in prison and a fine. It is up to judges' personal discretion to decide whether or not a defendant "behaves like a witch." Non-indigenous religious groups must register with authorities, and in order to receive government approval to operate must have over 1000 members and must have leaders whose theological training the state accepts as legitimate. Religious groups are entitled to produce weekly free broadcasts on the official radio station.
Freedom of movement within the country, foreign travel, emigration, and repatriation are guaranteed by the Constitution, but the first two are restricted in practice, with officials demanding bribes at checkpoints. Extortion at illegal road barriers discourage commerce and travel, thus seriously crippling the nation's economy. Freedom of movement is also difficult in conflict zones. Foreigners, other than diplomats, must obtain exit visas in order to leave the country, and this may necessitate proving that they do not owe money to the government.
Government forces frequently commit extra-judicial killing. There are many armed bandits and anti-government groups who also kill and kidnap civilians. And there are persons who kill individuals whom they suspect of being sorcerers or witches. Torture is forbidden by the Constitution but the torture of suspects, detainees, and prisoners is common. Anti-government forces are also responsible for a great deal of abuse. Soldiers and other government forces rape civilians. Corruption is illegal, but the laws against it are not effectively enforced, and the World Bank has described government corruption as a major problem in the country. Public funds are routinely misappropriated.
Women's rights
Rape is illegal, but not spousal rape. There is no minimum sentence for rape, and the law against it is not effectively enforced. In 2010, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Pillay called for urgent action in response to sexual violence against women, which is pervasive. One in seven women interviewed for a 2009 study reported having been raped during the previous year, and the researchers felt they had reason to believe that the true incidence of rape was even higher. Twenty-two percent of women surveyed said that they had been seriously beaten by a member of their household. Sexual harassment is illegal, and common, but it is not efficiently combatted, and there is no set penalty. While women enjoy equal inheritance and property rights under civil law, they are often subject to discriminatory customary laws, especially in rural areas.
Women are subject to economic and social discrimination. Single women are not considered heads of households, and are often denied family subsidies to which they are supposedly entitled. They are also denied equal access to education and jobs. Divorce rights are equitable, however. Many women, especially those who are very old and without families, are accused of being witches. In 2010, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Pillay expressed concern about women being accused of, arrested for, and/or attacked by mobs for being witches. A 2003 government-sponsored national dialogue proposed that women should hold 35 percent of posts in government ministries and parties, but this goal has not been realized.
Children's rights
Children born in the country or to parents who are citizens of it are entitled to citizenship. About half of children are not registered, which can result in denial of access to education or other services. Education is obligatory until age 15. Tuition is free, but books, supplies, transportation, and insurance are not. Girls are denied equal access to primary schooling, and tend to drop out early owing to pressure to marry and have children. Few Ba'aka (Pygmies) go to primary school; the government makes no effort to change this. Child abuse is illegal but widespread, as is FGM. Although the legal
minimum age for civil marriage is 18, sixty-one percent of girls marry before 18. There are no laws against statutory rape or child pornography. Child labor is common, much of it forced. Children are used as soldiers, with reports of children as young as 12 serving in anti-government forces.
There are over 6000 street children between ages 5 and 18. "Many experts believed that HIV/AIDS and a belief in sorcery, particularly in rural areas, contributed to the large number of street children," reported the U.S. State Department in 2011. "An estimated 300,000 children had lost one or both parents to HIV/AIDS, and children accused of sorcery (often reportedly in connection to HIV/AIDS-related deaths in their neighborhoods) often were expelled from their households and were sometimes subjected to societal violence." The Central African Republic is not a party to the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. Many anti-government armed groups kidnap children and hold them for ransom. Some children are also forced to work as sex slaves, as porters carrying stolen goods for bandits, or as field hands and mine workers (especially in diamond mining).
In January 2013, UNICEF called on the Central African Republic to "stop child recruitment by rebel groups and pro-government militias," noting recent reports that such groups were in the process of recruiting children. Even before the latest eruption of violence in December, UNICEF indicated, "about 2,500 children – both girls and boys – were associated with multiple armed groups, including self-defence groups, in CAR." UNICEF further observed that "more than 300,000 children have already been affected by the violence in CAR and its consequences, including through recruitment, family separation, sexual violence, forced displacement and having limited access to education and health facilities."
Rights of refugees and asylum seekers
The Central African Republic has a system for helping refugees, and in practice it protects them from being returned to countries where their lives or freedom would be endangered for various reasons. Refugees are accepted without screening, and the government cooperates with the UNHCR and other groups, among them Doctors without Borders, Caritas, International Medical Corps, and the NGO Cooperazione Internazionale (COOPI), to aid refugees.
Minority rights
Violence against the Mbororo is widespread, and they sometimes have difficulty securing government services. The Ba'Aka (Pygmies), who make up 1–2 percent of the population, are not represented in the government and have no political power. Societal discrimination against the Ba'Aka is significant, and the government does little to prevent it. They are not given identity cards, and are thus denied certain rights and services. Some of the Ba'Aka are effectively slaves, and all of them are essentially second-class citizens.
Disabled people's rights
Discrimination against disabled persons is illegal, and a certain percentage of civil-service members and employees in large firms must be disabled. Societal discrimination is not a problem, but accessibility to buildings is not mandated. Most disabilities in the country are a result of polio.
LGBT rights
Public homosexual behavior is punishable by up to two years in prison and a fine, but the government does not seem to target gays.
HIV/AIDS rights
Persons with HIV/AIDS are the objects of discrimination, but this has decreased thanks largely to efforts by UN agencies and NGOs to increase awareness.
Rights of persons under arrest
The law forbids arbitrary arrest and detention and provides for prompt judicial recourse in the case of such irregularities; but these provisions are often ignored, and informed observers suggest that arbitrary arrest is "the most common human rights abuse committed by security forces" in 2010. There are certain deadlines within which detainees must be informed of charges and brought before a judge, but in practice these deadlines are often not respected. The government is supposed to provide lawyers to indigent defendants, and there is a possibility of bail, and these provisions are generally respected. Persons accused of crimes against state security are subject to more stringent guidelines. Many persons are arrested and charged with witchcraft, which is a capital offense. In later 2010, prison officials in Bangui said that about 18 percent of females in detention had been arrested for witchcraft.
Extensive pretrial detention is a major problem. Pretrial detainees amount to about 67 percent of Ngaragba Central Prison's population in late 2010 and about 63 percent of Bimbo Central Prison's population. Although most detainees are informed promptly of the charges against them, many wait for months before being brought before a judge, and some are kept in prison for years without trial because of bureaucratic problems. The torture of criminal suspects is common and is not punished. Among the forms of torture employed by police is "le cafe," which involves beating of the soles of a person's feet with a baton or stick and then forcing that person to walk.
Rights of persons on trial
The Central African Republic's Constitution guarantees an independent judiciary, but the courts are susceptible to the influence of the executive branch. UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Pillay has expressed concerns about this in 2010, although she praised the National Assembly's revision of legislation that would improve judicial independence and strengthen efforts to right human-rights abuses.
Inefficiency, incompetence, delayed salary payments, and a lack of resources are all major judicial problems. With only 38 courthouses and 124 magistrates in the country, many citizens lack easy access to the civil judicial system, as a result of which traditional family and village courts continue to play a major role. The inefficiency of courts also leads people to take the law into their own hands, holding local tribunals, appealing to local chiefs, and engaging in mob justice, especially in cases involving persons accused of witchcraft.
Criminal trials are by jury, and defendants enjoy such rights as the presumption of innocence, a public trial, the right to be present, to see and present evidence, to have a public defender, and to appeal. The government generally respects these rights, and does provide counsel for defendants who cannot afford a lawyer of their own, but limited government resources often result in delay in providing attorneys, and Ba'Aka (Pygmies) are often subject to unfair trials. The right to a fair trial is often compromised by judicial corruption, with lawyers paying judges for favorable verdicts. Cases of witchcraft are tried frequently.
Rights of prisoners
Prison conditions in the Central African Republic are described by the U.S. State Department as "extremely harsh and, in some cases, life-threatening," with prisons outside the capital "even worse" than those in it. Inmates are subject to torture and to other types of cruel and degrading treatment. Sanitation, ventilation, lighting, and water supplies are substandard, as is medical care. Overcrowding is a major problem.
Families of prisoners generally need to supply food to supplement the inadequate rations supplied by the prisons, and some prisons outside the capital supply no food to inmates and demand bribes to hand over food to the inmates from the latter's families. Inmates are allowed visitors and permitted to worship, although visitors must often pay bribes. Prisoners are often forced to do labor without pay. In some prisons, men and women are held together, as are adults and juveniles, and pretrial detainees are routinely held together with convicts.
Detention centers are plagued by even worse problems than prisons, though of essentially the same kinds. Fair Trials International has referred to the country's "appalling human rights record including harsh and life-threatening conditions in its detention centres." According to the U.S. State Department, "Bangui's police detention centers consisted of overcrowded cells with very little light and leaky buckets for toilets." Medicine is not available, and inmates with infectious diseases are not separated from others. Instead of beds, suspects usually sleep on cement or dirt floors. Guards demand bribes for water, food, showers, and visits. One detention center has no windows or toilet; at another facility, inmates sleep chained together. Prison visits by human-rights observers are restricted, denied, or delayed for weeks or months, although the International Committee of the Red Cross has unlimited access to prisoners.
Employees' rights
All workers, except for high-level government employees and security forces, may join unions, strike, and bargain collectively. Forced labor is illegal, but this prohibition is not effectively enforced. Women and children are forced to work on farms, in mining, restaurants, and other venues, and are also subject to sexual exploitation. Ba'Aka adults and children are often compelled to work on farms and elsewhere and are frequently treated as slaves.
Almost half of children in the country between ages 5 and 14 are employed, some of them in mines. Although it is illegal to employ children in mines, this prohibition is not enforced. Many of the 3000 or so street children in Bangui work as street vendors. Anti-government forces use child soldiers, and displaced children work long hours in fields under conditions of extreme heat.
There are various minimum wages in the formal sector, depending on the kind of word involved. The non-formal sector is not subject to minimum-wage regulations. In any event, the minimum wage is not sufficient to provide a decent standard of living. There are standard work weeks and various official labor standards and health and safety regulations, but they are not enforced.
Freedom of speech
Freedom of speech is addressed in the constitution; however, there have been incidents of government intimidation with the intent to limit media criticism. A report by the International Research & Exchanges Board's media sustainability index noted that 'the country minimally met objectives, with segments of the legal system and government opposed to a free media system."
Historical situation
The chart shows the CAR's ratings since 1972 in the Freedom in the World reports, published annually by Freedom House. A rating of 1 is "free"; 7, "not free".
International treaties
The CAR's stances on international human rights treaties are as follows:
See also
Freedom of religion in the Central African Republic
Human trafficking in the Central African Republic
Internet censorship and surveillance in the Central African Republic
LGBT rights in the Central African Republic
Politics of the Central African Republic
Notes
1.Note that the "Year" signifies the "Year covered". Therefore the information for the year marked 2008 is from the report published in 2009, and so on.
2.As of January 1.
3.The 1982 report covers the year 1981 and the first half of 1982, and the following 1984 report covers the second half of 1982 and the whole of 1983. In the interest of simplicity, these two aberrant "year and a half" reports have been split into three year-long reports through interpolation.
References
External links
2012 Annual Report, by Amnesty International
Freedom in the World 2012 Report, by Freedom House
The Central African Republic: From "Pre-genocide" to Genocide: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, and Global Human Rights, and International Organizations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, Second Session, May 1, 2014
Central African Republic
Politics of the Central African Republic |
Hager is the surname of several people:
Åke Häger (1897–1968), Swedish gymnast
Albert David Hager (1817–1888), American geologist
Alva L. Hager (1850–1923), American politician
Axel Hager (born 1969), German beach volleyball player
Britt Hager (born 1966), American football player
Cassie Hager (born 1984), American basketball player
Chris Hager, guitarist with heavy metal band Rough Cutt
David Hager, American physician
Friderich Christian Hager (1756–1795), Danish colonial commander and governor
Hager Twins, Jim (1941–2008) and Jon (1941–2009), American country music singers
Henry G. Hager (born 1934), American politician
Isaac Hager (born 1970s), American real estate developer
Jake Hager (born 1982), German-American wrestler and MMA fighter also known as Jack Swagger
Jenna Bush Hager (born 1981), daughter of President George W. Bush
John Hager (cartoonist) (1858–1932), American cartoonist
John F. Hager (1873–1955), American politician
John H. Hager (1936–2020), American politician
John Sharpenstein Hager (1818–1890), American politician
Kristen Hager (born 1984), Canadian actress
Leopold Hager (born 1935), Austrian conductor
Liz Hager, American politician
Mandy Hager, New Zealand writer
Mark Hager (born 1964), Australian field hockey player
Nicky Hager (born 1958), New Zealand author and investigative journalist
Paul Hager (1925–1983), German theatre and opera director
Peter Hager II (1784–1854), New York politician
Robert Hager, American news analyst
Rocky Hager, American football player
Mordechai Hager, (1922-2018) Grand Rabbi of Vizhnitz-Monsey
Shraga Feivish Hager, rebbe of the Kosov Hasidic dynasty
Steven Hager (born 1951), counterculture and marijuana activist
Tobias Hager (born 1973), German football player
See also
Hagar (disambiguation)
Hager, West Virginia
Hager Group
Haggar (disambiguation)
Hagger |
C. M. "Tad" Smith Coliseum is an 8,867-seat multi-purpose arena on the campus of the University of Mississippi. Through the first part of the 2015–16 basketball season, it was home to the University of Mississippi Rebels men's and women's basketball teams, but was replaced by a new arena, The Sandy and John Black Pavilion, in January 2016. It has also hosted many concerts, including Widespread Panic in September 1995 and The Allman Brothers with Gov't Mule in November 1995.
The circular building, similar to many arenas constructed at the time, has a diameter white steel-framed, Neoprene-covered roof which tops out at above the court. From its exterior, it looks like a giant hub cap. The floor, 130' from end to end with its Rebel red and blue trim, is located below the surrounding ground level. The seats were replaced in 2001 with navy blue upholstered seats. In 2010 the Tad Pad was upgraded. These upgrades included a unique new center hung video display, featuring four LED boards approximately high by wide. Two ring displays are also part of the center hung structure and are able to show a variety of graphics, animations and statistical information. Overall the display measures approximately high by wide and also features four dedicated scoring sections. In addition to this upgrade, Daktronics provided a custom sound system for the newly renovated arena. The outside of the building includes red Mississippi brick and blue vinyl-covered steel siding. It is located to the southwest of the center of campus, west of Vaught–Hemingway Stadium and across the street from the Robert C. Khayat Law Center. A Confederate cemetery lies behind the building.
The building opened during 1965–1966 as Rebel Coliseum. It was renamed on March 25, 1972, to honor C. M. "Tad" Smith, former three-sport letterman, coach, and athletic director at the university.
The largest crowd ever at the building was on February 10, 2007, when 9,452 fans watched the Rebels defeat the No. 18 Alabama Crimson Tide.
Prior to the building of the Coliseum, the team played in Old Gym (now the Martindale Student Services Center), a 2,500-seat gym built in 1929.
In July 2014, Ole Miss broke ground on a new arena named The Pavilion at Ole Miss, which was completed during the 2015–16 basketball season. The final game for the men's team at Tad Smith Coliseum was on December 22, 2015, with the Rebels defeating Troy 83–80 in overtime. The final game overall was on January 3, 2016 when the Ole Miss women defeated Vanderbilt 55–52. The men's team opened the new arena on January 7 against Alabama, with the women's basketball team making their debut in the new arena on January 10 against Florida.
References
External links
VIDEO: Virtual tour of Tad Smith Coliseum at Ole Miss
TadSmithColiseum.com - Seating Chart, Photos, and views of the court
Defunct college basketball venues in the United States
Ole Miss Rebels basketball
Basketball venues in Mississippi
Buildings and structures in Lafayette County, Mississippi
Sports venues completed in 1966
1966 establishments in Mississippi
2016 disestablishments in Mississippi |
Badam (, also Romanized as Bādām) is a village in Mokriyan-e Sharqi Rural District, in the Central District of Mahabad County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 241, in 50 families.
References
Populated places in Mahabad County |
HMS Melampus was an protected cruiser of the Royal Navy which served from 1890 to 1910.
History
In 1890, building by the Naval Construction and Armaments Co, later known as Vickers, commenced. Melampus was originally ordered and built for the Greek navy.
In 1891, when Prince George of Wales (the future King George V) was promoted to commander, he assumed command of Melampus. He relinquished his post in January 1892, on the death of his brother Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale.
On 5 July 1892, in Portsmouth, Melampus carried out trials of her machinery and other equipment, following which she swung her compasses at Spithead. She later departed on 7 July for Plymouth and Falmouth.
On 26 June 1897, she was present at the Naval Review at Spithead in celebration of the Diamond Jubilee.
On 16 January 1901, she accidentally grounded .
She took part in the fleet review held at Spithead on 16 August 1902 for the coronation of King Edward VII, and later that month was off Ireland where she received the Japanese cruisers and to Cork.
In 1903 Melampus was withdrawn as guard ship at Kingstown in Ireland.
On 12 July 1910, Melampus was sold for scrap for £9,000.
References
Publications
External links
HMS Melampus , Index of 19th-century naval vessels
HMS Melampus' Profile at Battleships-Cruisers.co.uk
Apollo-class cruisers
Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness
1890 ships
World War I cruisers of the United Kingdom |
Calcots railway station was a railway station in the parish of St Andrews-Lhanbryd, Moray. The railway station was opened by the Great North of Scotland Railway (GNoSR) on its Moray Firth coast line in 1884, served by Aberdeen to Elgin trains. It served a rural area rather than a discrete settlement and closed to regular passenger traffic on 6 May 1968 on the same date as the line itself.
In 1923 the GNoSR became part of the London and North Eastern Railway and at nationalisation in 1948 became part of British Railways. The line was recommended for closure in Dr Beeching's report "The Reshaping of British Railways" and closed to all traffic on 6 May 1968.
History
Background
In 1881 the Great North of Scotland Railway put a bill to parliament to extend its Portsoy line along the Moray Firth as far as Buckie. In 1882 the Great North of Scotland applied for permission to build a line from Portsoy following the coast to Buckie and then running on to Elgin.
Great North of Scotland Railway
The GNoSR station opened as Calcots on 12 August 1884, served by through Aberdeen to Elgin trains. In 1923 the Great North of Scotland Railway was absorbed by the London and North Eastern Railway. This company was nationalised in 1948 and services were then provided by British Railways until closure. As stated, the station and line were recommended for closure by Dr Beeching's in his report "The Reshaping of British Railways" and closed in 1968.
Services
This GNoSR station was served by through trains between Aberdeen to Elgin. There were no Sunday services.
The station infrastructure
Calcots station had two platforms with the typical wooden station buildings found at many of the stations on the line. The goods yard had more sidings than most of the stations on the line, reflecting the actual or expected agricultural traffic, with a goods shed and several points that allowed for interchange between the goods shed and the loading docks, etc. The station had a neat and compact appearance with a typical footbridge, two signal boxes and several flower beds with what may be an enclosed fruit garden.
The station was host to a LNER camping coach from 1935 to 1936 and possibly one for some of 1934.
The Moray Coast line was predominantly single track apart from a double track section between Buckie and Portessie. Track lifting took place shortly after closure in 1968. The station was demolished and only a part of one of the platforms survived in 2005.
References
Footnotes
Sources
External links
RAILSCOT on Moray Coast Railway
Former Great North of Scotland Railway stations
Disused railway stations in Moray
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1884
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1968
Beeching closures in Scotland |
Bernard A. Friedman (born September 23, 1943) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan.
Education and career
Born in Detroit, Michigan, Friedman received a Juris Doctor from Detroit College of Law, now Michigan State University College of Law in 1968. He was in the United States Army, JAG Corps from 1967 to 1968, reaching the rank of lieutenant. He continued at this rank in the United States Army Reserve JAG Corps from 1968 to 1973. Friedman was a felony trial attorney of Wayne County prosecutor's office, Michigan from 1969 to 1970. He was in private practice in Detroit from 1970 to 1974, and in Southfield, Michigan from 1974 to 1982. He was a judge on the 48th district court, Michigan from 1982 to 1988.
Federal judicial service
On February 2, 1988, Friedman was nominated by President Ronald Reagan to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan vacated by judge Robert Edward DeMascio. Friedman was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 19, 1988, and received his commission on April 20, 1988. He served as chief judge from June 16, 2004 until he assumed senior status on January 1, 2009. When he took senior status, he was replaced by judge Gershwin A. Drain.
Notable decisions
Overturning Michigan's same-sex marriage ban
On March 21, 2014, Friedman struck down Michigan's constitutional and statutory bans on same-sex marriage. As he did not immediately issue a stay on his ruling, more than three hundred marriage licenses were issued to same-sex couples before the Sixth Circuit Court issued a stay on Friedman's ruling the next day, pending appeals. The federal government announced it would recognize the marriages that took place during the brief period it was legal.
On August 22, 2015, Friedman presided over the wedding of the plaintiffs who he had originally ruled in favor of, after the U.S. Supreme Court had ruled two months earlier that all state bans on same-sex marriage were unconstitutional.
Overturning the Federal ban on female genital mutilation (FGM)
On November 20, 2018, he ruled that the federal law against female genital mutilation (FGM) is unconstitutional because the law overreaches the federal government's enumerated powers as defined by the "necessary and proper" clause and the "Interstate commerce" clause.
References
Sources
1943 births
Living people
Judges of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan
United States district court judges appointed by Ronald Reagan
United States Army officers
Detroit College of Law alumni
20th-century American judges
20th-century American Jews
20th-century American lawyers
21st-century American judges
21st-century American Jews
United States Army Judge Advocate General's Corps
Lawyers from Detroit
Michigan lawyers
Michigan state court judges |
Bois-Grenier () is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. Located south of Armentières and bordering with the department of Pas-de-Calais.
Population
Heraldry
See also
Communes of the Nord department
References
Communes of Nord (French department)
French Flanders |
Maurer AG, formerly known as Maurer Söhne GmbH & Co. KG, is a steel construction company and roller coaster manufacturer. Founded in 1876 in Munich, Germany, the company has built many styles of steel buildings, ranging from bridges, industrial buildings, and even art structures. While known for building a variety of wild mouse coasters, its subsidiary Maurer Rides GmbH has branched out into spinning, looping, and launching coasters. The company also produces a free-fall tower ride. On December 15, 2014, the company changed its name to Maurer AG.
Roller coaster work
In 1993, Maurer took over the amusement ride division of a fellow German firm, BHS. BHS constructed four Schwarzkopf-designed roller coasters, working with Sansei Yusoki and Zierer in the process. Maurer's first ride was a custom looping roller coaster called Venus GP that opened at Space World in 1996. Since then they have produced almost 50 roller coasters including spinning, launched, racing and wild mouse roller coasters.
One of the first types of roller coaster that Maurer manufactured was a wild mouse. The design, known as Wilde Maus Classic, was first installed as Kopermijn at Drievliet Family Park in 1996. At the end of 2010, the Wilde Maus Classic design has been replicated at 13 locations around the world.
In 2000, the S-Coaster was introduced by Maurer. The S-Coaster is Maurer's spinning roller coaster design. It is the most popular design (in terms of installations) that Maurer has ever produced with over 21 installations worldwide.
Maurer's X-Coaster comes in a variety of different designs: X-Car, X-Train and SkyLoop. Under the X-Car category Maurer manufactures rides with launches, vertical lifts, floorless cars and cars with embedded music systems. An X-Train X-Coaster is one which features 4-across seating (2 seats above the track and one on either side of the track as a floorless seat). Under the SkyLoop category Maurer has a variety of models including XT 150 ( in length), XT 450 ( in length), launched and custom designs.
Most recently, in 2010, Maurer introduced the R-Coaster. The R-Coaster is a type of racing roller coaster which features several sets of Linear Synchronous Motors on two parallel tracks. The first, and currently only, R-Coaster is Fiorano GT Challenge at Ferrari World in Abu Dhabi. In 2018, it was announced that Maurer would be building the first roller coaster at sea, on the Carnival cruise ship Mardi Gras.
List of roller coasters
As of 2023, Maurer AG has built 68 roller coasters around the world.
Maurer German Wheels
Maurer German Wheels is a subsidiary of Maurer Söhne. It manufactures the R80XL giant Ferris wheel under licence from Bussink Design.
References
External links
Manufacturing companies based in Munich
Roller coaster manufacturers
Manufacturing companies established in 1876
German companies established in 1876 |
Phanariots, Phanariotes, or Fanariots (, , ) were members of prominent Greek families in Phanar (Φανάρι, modern Fener), the chief Greek quarter of Constantinople where the Ecumenical Patriarchate is located, who traditionally occupied four important positions in the Ottoman Empire: Voivode of Moldavia, Voivode of Wallachia, Grand Dragoman of the Porte and Grand Dragoman of the Fleet. Despite their cosmopolitanism and often-Western education, the Phanariots were aware of their Greek ancestry and culture; according to Nicholas Mavrocordatos' Philotheou Parerga, "We are a race completely Hellenic".
They emerged as a class of wealthy Greek merchants (of mostly noble Byzantine descent) during the second half of the 16th century, and were influential in the administration of the Ottoman Empire's Balkan domains in the 18th century. The Phanariots usually built their houses in the Phanar quarter to be near the court of the Patriarch, who (under the Ottoman millet system) was recognized as the spiritual and secular head (millet-bashi) of the Orthodox subjects—the Rum Millet, or "Roman nation" of the empire, except those under the spiritual care of the Patriarchs of Antioch, Jerusalem, Alexandria, Ohrid and Peć—often acting as archontes of the Ecumenical See. They dominated the administration of the patriarchate, often intervening in the selection of hierarchs (including the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople).
Overview
Many members of Phanariot families (who had acquired great wealth and influence during the 17th century) occupied high political and administrative posts in the Ottoman Empire. From 1669 until the Greek War of Independence in 1821, Phanariots made up the majority of the dragomans to the Ottoman government (the Porte) and foreign embassies due to the Greeks' higher level of education than the general Ottoman population. With the church dignitaries, local notables from the provinces and the large Greek merchant class, Phanariots represented the better-educated members of Greek society during Ottoman rule until the 1821 start of the Greek War of Independence. During the war, Phanariots influenced decisions by the Greek National Assembly (the representative body of Greek revolutionaries, which met six times between 1821 and 1829). Between 1711–1716 and 1821, a number of Phanariots were appointed Hospodars (voivodes or princes) in the Danubian Principalities (Moldavia and Wallachia) (usually as a promotion from the offices of Dragoman of the Fleet and Dragoman of the Porte); the period is known as the Phanariot epoch in Romanian history.
Ottoman Empire
After the fall of Constantinople, Mehmet II deported the city's Christian population, leaving only the Jewish inhabitants of Balat, repopulating the city with Christians and Muslims from throughout the whole empire and the newly conquered territories. Phanar was repopulated with Greeks from Mouchlion in the Peloponnese and, after 1461, with citizens of the Empire of Trebizond.
The roots of Greek ascendancy can be traced to the Ottoman need for skilled, educated negotiators as their empire declined and they relied on treaties rather than force. During the 17th century, the Ottomans began having problems in foreign relations and difficulty dictating terms to their neighbours; for the first time, the Porte needed to participate in diplomatic negotiations.
With the Ottomans traditionally ignoring Western European languages and cultures, officials were at a loss. The Porte assigned those tasks to the Greeks, who had a long mercantile and educational tradition and the necessary skills. The Phanariots, Greek and Hellenized families primarily from Constantinople, occupied high posts as secretaries and interpreters for Ottoman officials.
Diplomats and patriarchs
As a result of Phanariot and ecclesiastical administration, the Greeks expanded their influence in the 18th-century empire while retaining their Greek Orthodox faith and Hellenism. This had not always been the case in the Ottoman realm. During the 16th century, the South Slavs—the most prominent in imperial affairs—converted to Islam to enjoy the full rights of Ottoman citizenship (especially in the Eyalet of Bosnia; Serbs tended to occupy high military positions.
A Slavic presence in Ottoman administration gradually became hazardous for its rulers, since the Slavs tended to support Habsburg armies during the Great Turkish War. By the 17th century the Greek Patriarch of Constantinople was the religious and administrative ruler of the empire's Orthodox subjects, regardless of ethnic background. All formerly-independent Orthodox patriarchates, including the Serbian Patriarchate renewed in 1557, came under the authority of the Greek Orthodox Church. Most of the Greek patriarchs were drawn from the Phanariots.
Two Greek social groups emerged, challenging the leadership of the Greek Church: the Phanariots in Constantinople and the local notables in the Helladic provinces (kodjabashis, dimogerontes and prokritoi). According to 19th-century Greek historian Constantine Paparrigopoulos, the Phanariots initially sought the most important secular offices of the patriarchal court and could frequently intervene in the election of bishops and influence crucial decisions by the patriarch. Greek merchants and clergy of Byzantine aristocratic origin, who acquired economic and political influence and were later known as Phanariots, settled in extreme northwestern Constantinople (which had become central to Greek interests after the establishment of the patriarch's headquarters in 1461, shortly after Hagia Sophia was converted into a mosque).
Patriarchate
After the 1453 fall of Constantinople, when the Sultan replaced de jure the Byzantine Emperor for subjugated Christians, he recognized the Ecumenical Patriarch as the religious and national leader (ethnarch) of the Greeks and other ethnic groups in the Greek Orthodox Millet. The Patriarchate had primary importance, occupying this key role for Christians of the Empire because the Ottomans did not legally distinguish between nationality and religion and considered the empire's Orthodox Christians a single entity.
The position of the Patriarchate in the Ottoman state encouraged Greek renaissance projects centering on the resurrection and revitalization of the Byzantine Empire. The Patriarch and his church dignitaries constituted the first centre of power for the Greeks in the Ottoman state, which infiltrated Ottoman structures and attracted the former Byzantine nobility.
Merchant middle class
The wealth of the extensive Greek merchant class provided the material basis for the intellectual revival featured in Greek life for more than half a century before 1821. Greek merchants endowed libraries and schools. On the eve of the Greek War of Independence, the three most important centres of Greek learning (schools-cum-universities) were in the commercial centres of Chios, Smyrna and Aivali. The first Greek millionaire of the Ottoman era was Michael "Şeytanoğlu" Kantakouzenos, who earned 60,000 ducats a year from his control of the fur trade from Muscovy.
Civil servants
During the 18th century, the Phanariots were a hereditary clerical−aristocratic group who managed the affairs of the patriarchate and the dominant political power of the Ottoman Greek community. They became a significant political factor in the empire and, as diplomatic agents, played a role in the affairs of Great Britain, France and the Russian Empire.
The Phanariots competed for the most important administrative offices in the Ottoman administration; these included collecting imperial taxes, monopolies on commerce, working under contract in a number of enterprises, supplying the court and ruling the Danubian Principalities. They engaged in private trade, controlling the crucial wheat trade on the Black Sea. The Phanariots expanded their commercial activities into the Kingdom of Hungary and then to the other Central European states. Their activities intensified their contacts with Western nations, and they became familiar with Western languages and cultures.
Before the beginning of the Greek War of Independence, the Phanariots were firmly established as the political elite of Hellenism. According to Greek historian Constantine Paparrigopoulos, this was a natural evolution given the Phanariots' education and experience in supervising large parts of the empire. According to Nikos Svoronos argued, the Phanariots subordinated their national identity to their class identity and tried to peacefully co−exist with the Ottomans; they did not enrich the Greek national identity and lost ground to groups which flourished through their confrontation with the Ottoman Empire (the klephts and armatoloi).
Danubian principalities
A Greek presence had established itself in both Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, resulting in the appointment of Greek princes before the 18th century. After the Phanariot era, some Phanariot families in Wallachia and Moldavia identified themselves as Romanian in Romanian society (including the Rosetti family; C. A. Rosetti represented the radical, nationalist cause during and after the 1848 Wallachian revolution.)
Phanariot attention focused on occupying the most favorable offices the empire could offer non-Muslims and the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, which were still relatively rich and—more importantly—autonomous (despite having to pay tribute as vassal states). Many Greeks had found favorable conditions there for commercial activities, in comparison with the Ottoman Empire, and an opportunity for political power; they entered Wallachian and Moldavian boyar nobility by marriage.
Reigns of local princes were not excluded on principle. Several hellenized Romanian noble families, such as the Callimachis (originally Călmașul), the Racovițăs and the Albanian Ghicas penetrated the Phanar nucleus to increase their chances of occupying the thrones and maintain their positions.
Most sources agree that 1711 was when the gradual erosion of traditional institutions reached its zenith, but characteristics ascribed to the Phanariot era had made themselves felt long before it. The Ottomans enforced their choice of hospodars as far back as the 15th century, and foreign (usually Greek or Levantine) boyars competed with local ones since the late 16th century. Rulers since Dumitraşcu Cantacuzino in Moldavia and George Ducas (a prince of Greek origin) in Wallachia, both in 1673, were forced to surrender their family members as hostages in Constantinople. The traditional elective system in the principalities, resulting in long periods of political disorder, was dominated by a small number of ambitious families who competed violently for the two thrones and monopolized land ownership.
1711–1715
A change in policy was indicated by the fact that autonomous Wallachia and Moldavia had entered a period of skirmishes with the Ottomans, due to the insubordination of local princes associated with the rise of Imperial Russia's power under Peter the Great and the firm presence of the Habsburg Empire on the Carpathian border with the principalities. Dissidence in the two countries became dangerous for the Turks, who were confronted with the attraction on the population of protection by a fellow Eastern Orthodox state. This became obvious with Mihai Racoviță's second rule in Moldavia, when the prince plotted with Peter to have Ottoman rule overthrown. His replacement, Nicholas Mavrocordatos, was the first official Phanariot in his second reign in Moldavia and replaced Ștefan Cantacuzino in Wallachia as the first Phanariot ruler of that country.
A crucial moment was the Russo−Turkish War of 1710−1713, when Dimitrie Cantemir sided with Russia and agreed to Russian tutelage of his country. After Russia experienced a major defeat and Cantemir went into exile, the Ottomans took charge of the succession to the throne of Moldavia. This was followed by similar measures in Wallachia, prompted by Ștefan Cantacuzino's alliance with Habsburg commander Prince Eugene of Savoy in the closing stages of the Great Turkish War.
Rulers and retinues
The person raised to the office of prince was usually the chief dragoman of the Porte, well-versed in contemporary politics and Ottoman statecraft. The new prince, who obtained his office in exchange for a generous bribe, proceeded to the country he was selected to govern (whose language he usually did not know). When the new princes were appointed, they were escorted to Iași or Bucharest by retinues composed of their families, favourites and creditors (from whom they had borrowed the bribes). The prince and his appointees counted on recouping these in as short a time as possible, amassing an amount sufficient to live on after their brief time in office.
Thirty-one princes, from eleven families, ruled the two principalities during the Phanariot epoch. When the choice became limited to a few families due to princely disloyalty to the Porte, rulers would be moved from one principality to the other; the prince of Wallachia (the richer of the two principalities) would pay to avert his transfer to Iaşi, and the prince of Moldavia would bribe supporters in Constantinople to appoint him to Wallachia. Constantine Mavrocordatos ruled a total of ten times in Moldavia and Wallachia. The debt was owed to several creditors, rather than to the Sultan; the central institutions of the Ottoman Empire generally seemed determined to maintain their rule over the principalities and not exploit them irrationally. In an early example, Ahmed III paid part of Nicholas Mavrocordatos' sum.
Administration and boyars
The Phanariot epoch was initially characterized by fiscal policies driven by Ottoman needs and the ambitions of some hospodars, who (mindful of their fragile status) sought to pay back their creditors and increase their wealth while in a position of power. To make the reigns lucrative while raising funds to satisfy the needs of the Porte, princes channeled their energies into taxing the inhabitants into destitution. The most odious taxes (such as the văcărit first imposed by Iancu Sasul in the 1580s), mistakenly identified with the Phanariots in modern Romanian historiography, were much older.
The mismanagement of many Phanariot rulers contrasts with the achievements and projects of others, such as Constantine Mavrocordatos (who abolished serfdom in Wallachia in 1746 and Moldavia in 1749) and Alexander Ypsilantis, who were inspired by Habsburg serf policy. Ypsilantis tried to reform legislation and impose salaries for administrative offices in an effort to halt the depletion of funds the administrators, local and Greek alike, were using for their own maintenance; it was, by then, more profitable to hold office than to own land. His Pravilniceasca condică, a relatively modern legal code, met stiff boyar resistance.
The focus of such rules was often the improvement of state structure against conservative wishes. Contemporary documents indicate that, despite the change in leadership and boyar complaints, about 80 percent of those seated in the Divan (an institution roughly equivalent to the estates of the realm) were members of local families. This made endemic the social and economic issues of previous periods, since the inner circle of boyars blocked initiatives (such as Alexander Ypsilantis') and obtained, extended and preserved tax exemptions.
Russian influence
The Phanariots copied Russian and Habsburg institutions; during the mid-18th century they made noble rank dependent on state service, as Peter I of Russia did. After the Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarji (1774) allowed Russia to intervene on the side of Ottoman Eastern Orthodox subjects, most of the Porte's tools of political pressure became ineffective. They had to offer concessions to maintain a hold on the countries as economic and strategic assets. The treaty made any increase in tribute impossible, and between 1774 and the 1820s it plummeted from about 50,000 to 20,000 gold coins (equivalent to Austrian gold currency) in Wallachia and to 3,100 in Moldavia.
Immediately afterward, Russia forcefully used its new prerogative. The deposition of Constantine Ypsilantis (in Wallachia) and Alexander Mourousis (in Moldavia) by Selim III, called on by French Empire's ambassador to the Ottoman Empire Horace Sébastiani (whose fears of pro−Russian conspiracies in Bucharest were partially confirmed), was the casus belli for the 1806–1812 conflict, and Russian general Mikhail Andreyevich Miloradovich swiftly reinstated Ypsilantis during his military expedition to Wallachia.
Such gestures began a period of effective Russian supervision, culminating with the Organic Statute administration of the 1830s. The Danubian principalities grew in strategic importance with the Napoleonic Wars and the decline of the Ottoman Empire, as European states became interested in halting Russian southward expansion (which included the 1812 annexation of Bessarabia). New consulates in the two countries' capitals, ensuring the observation of developments in Russian−Ottoman relations, had an indirect impact on the local economy as rival diplomats began awarding protection and sudit status to merchants competing with local guilds. Nicholas I of Russia pressured Wallachia and Moldavia into granting constitutions (in 1831 and 1832, respectively) to weaken native rulers.
The boyars began a petition campaign against the princes in power; addressed to the Porte and the Habsburg monarchy, they primarily demanded Russian supervision. Although they referred to incidents of corruption and misrule, the petitions indicate their signers' conservatism. The boyars tend to refer to (fictitious) "capitulations" which either principality would have signed with the Ottomans, demanding that rights guaranteed through them be restored. They viewed reform attempts by princes as illegitimate; in alternative proposals (usually in the form of constitutional projects), the boyars expressed desire for an aristocratic republic.
Greek War of Independence and legacy
The active part taken by Greek princes in revolts after 1820 and the disorder provoked by the Filiki Eteria (of which the Ghica, Văcărescu and Golescu families were active members after its uprising against the Ottoman Empire in Moldavia and Tudor Vladimirescu's Wallachian uprising) led to the disappearance of promotions from the Phanar community; the Greeks were no longer trusted by the Porte. Amid tense relations between boyars and princes, Vladimirescu's revolt was primarily the result of compromise between Oltenian pandurs and the regency of boyars attempting to block the ascension of Scarlat Callimachi (the last Phanariot ruler in Bucharest). Ioan Sturdza's rule in Moldavia and Grigore IV Ghica's in Wallachia are considered the first of the new period, although the new regime abruptly ended in Russian occupation during another Russo−Turkish War and the subsequent period of Russian influence.
Most Phanariots were patrons of Greek culture, education and printing. They founded academies which attracted teachers and pupils from throughout the Orthodox commonwealth, and there was awareness of intellectual trends in Habsburg Europe. Many of the Phanariot princes were capable, farsighted rulers. As prince of Wallachia in 1746 and Moldavia in 1749, Constantine Mavrocordatos abolished serfdom and Alexandros Ipsilantis of Wallachia (reigned 1774–1782) initiated extensive administrative and legal reforms. Ipsilanti's reign coincided with subtle shifts in economic and social life and the emergence of spiritual and intellectual aspirations which pointed to the West and reform.
Condemnation of the Phanariots is a focus of Romanian nationalism, usually integrated into a general resentment of foreigners. The tendency unifies pro− and anti−modernisation attitudes; Phanariot Greeks are painted as reactionary elements (by Communist Romania) and agents of brutal, opportunistic change (as in Mihai Eminescu's Scrisoarea a III-a).
Extant Phanariot families
Here is a non-exhaustive list of Phanariot families:
Angelos, imperial family originally from central Philadelphia, Byzantine emperors.
Argyropoulos, noble family of the Byzantine Empire also known as Argyros, see John Argyropoulos.
Athanasovici
Callimachi family, also known as Călmașu, Kalmaşu or Kallimaşu, originally a Romanian boyar family from Moldavia.
Callivazis, originally from Trebizond, relocated to the Russian Empire.
Canellou
Cantacuzino, claimed to be originated from the Byzantine noble family Kantakouzenos.
Caradjas, also known as Caragea or Karatzas.
Caratheodoris family, see also Constantin Carathéodory
Cariophyllis
Chrisoscoleos
Chrisovergis, also known as Hrisovergis, from the Peloponnese
Diamandis
Doukas, also known as Dukas, imperial family originally from Paphlagonia, Despotate of Epirus despots.
Evalidis, also known as Evaoglous, Hadjievalidis, from Trebizond
Gerakas, from Kefalonia
Geralis, from Mytilene and Kefalonia
Ghica family, originally Albanians from Macedonia
Hantzeris, also known as Handjeri, Hançeri, Pıçakçı and Hançeroglou, see Constantine Hangerli
Kavadas, from Chios
Komnenos, also known as Komnenus or Comnenos, including its cadet branches of Axouch, Axouchos or Afouxechos, from Trebizond, Byzantine and Trebizond emperors.
Lambrinos
Lapithis, from Crete
Lazaridis, also known as Lazarević, a Serbianized family originally from Montenegro.
Lermis, also known as Lermioglous or Lermilis, from Pontus.
Levidis officials on the Patriarchate and dignitaries in the Imperial Court (Sublime Porte).
Mamonas
Manos, originated from Kastoria, see Aspasia Manos
Mavrocordatos, from Chios, see Alexandros Mavrokordatos.
Mavrogenis, from Paros, see Manto Mavrogenous.
Mavroudis
Mourouzis family, see Alexander Mourouzis
Musurus, see Marcus Musurus
Palaiologos, imperial family originally from central Asia minor, later marquesses of Montferrat
Photeinos
Philanthropenos, noble family of the Byzantine Empire.
Rallis, from Chios, later a political family in the Hellenic Republic.
Rizos Rangavis, see Alexandros Rizos Rangavis
Racoviță, also known as Racovitza, Romanian noble family from Moldavia and Wallachia.
Ramalo
Rodocanachi
Romalo
Rosetti family, also known as Ruset or Russeti, Moldavian Boyar family of Byzantine and Genoan origins.
Scanavis
Schinas
Sereslis
Soutzos family, also known as Suțu, Sutzu or Sütçü, see Michael Soutzos.
Tzanavarakis, also known Tzanavaris, Çanavaris or Canavaroğulları.
Venturas
Vlachoutzis
Văcărescu family, Romanian boyars from Wallachia and the first poets in Romanian literature
Vlastos, from Crete
Ypsilantis, from Trebizond, see Alexander Ypsilantis and Demetrios Ypsilantis
Extinct Phanariot families
Aristarchis
Ballasakis
Cananos
Caryophyles
Dimakis
Eupragiotes
Iancoleos (della Rocca)
Moronas
Negris
Paladas, from Crete
Plaginos
Rizos Neroulos
Ramadan
Souldjaroglou
Tzoukes
See also
Ottoman Greeks
Diafotismos
Greeks in Romania
Bulgarian Exarchate
Early Modern Romania
Danubian Principalities
List of rulers of Moldavia
List of rulers of Wallachia
History of the Russo-Turkish wars
State organisation of the Ottoman Empire
Notes
References
Mihai Berza, "Haraciul Moldovei și al Țării Românești în sec. XV–XIX", in Studii și Materiale de Istorie Medie, II, 1957, p. 7–47
Alex Drace-Francis, The Making of Modern Romanian Culture, London & New York, 2006,
Neagu Djuvara, Între Orient și Occident. Țările române la începutul epocii moderne, Humanitas, Bucharest, 1995
Vlad Georgescu, Istoria ideilor politice românești (1369–1878), Munich, 1987
Eric Hobsbawm, Age of Revolutions, section "Greek War of Independence"
Konstantinos Paparrigopoulos (Pavlos Karolidis), History of the Hellenic Nation (Volume Eb), Eleftheroudakis, Athens, 1925
L. S. Stavrianos, The Balkans Since 1453
Ottoman culture
Christianity in the Ottoman Empire
Demographics of the Ottoman Empire
People from the Ottoman Empire by ethnic or national origin
Government of the Ottoman Empire
Greek diaspora
History of Moldavia (1711–1822)
History of Wallachia (1714–1821)
Ottoman period in the Balkans
Greece–Turkey relations
Eastern Orthodox Christian culture |
Ian Lesley is an English international lawn bowler.
Bowls career
Lesley became an English national champion in 2016 after winning the triples at the English National Bowls Championships bowling for Shaldon BC. In 2015 he won the triples bronze medal at the Atlantic Bowls Championships.
References
Living people
English male bowls players
Year of birth missing (living people) |
is a female Japanese judoka. Shintani won a gold medal at the women's open category of the 2005 World Judo Championships in Cairo.
She won a silver medal at the +78 kg category of the 2001 World Judo Championships in Munich.
She won a bronze medal at the +78 kg category of the 2006 Asian Games.
External links
Japanese female judoka
1980 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Wakayama Prefecture
People from Kinokawa, Wakayama
Place of birth missing (living people)
University of Tsukuba alumni
Asian Games medalists in judo
Judoka at the 2002 Asian Games
Judoka at the 2006 Asian Games
Asian Games bronze medalists for Japan
Medalists at the 2006 Asian Games
Universiade medalists in judo
FISU World University Games gold medalists for Japan
Universiade silver medalists for Japan
Medalists at the 1999 Summer Universiade
20th-century Japanese women
21st-century Japanese women |
Nick Hengelman (born 15 November 1989) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper.
Career
Hengelman was born in Glanerbrug. He is a youth product from the FC Twente/Heracles Almelo football academy. He formerly played for AGOVV Apeldoorn. When the club was declared bankrupt in January 2013, he joined Vitesse to maintain his fitness. When the club did not offer him a new contract in the summer of 2013, Hengelman found a new club in Achilles '29. He made his début for the team in the first match in professional football for Achilles on 3 August 2013. The game in Emmen ended in 2–2. On 5 August 2014, Hengelman signed with FC Oss.
On 2 August 2019, Hengelman signed with South African club Ajax Cape Town. After a 4th place finish in the National First Division the previous season, Ajax Amsterdam parted ways with their sister club. Hengelman was then given a one-year contract as a fifth choice keeper under Erik ten Hag back in Amsterdam while training with Jong Ajax the reserves team of Ajax for which he is no longer eligible to play due to his age. In October 2021, Hengelman joined Bulgarian First League side Pirin Blagoevgrad.
On 31 January 2022 it was announced that Hengelman had signed with Dutch club Go Ahead Eagles form Deventer, returning to the Netherlands for the remainder of the 2021–22 season.
References
External links
Living people
1989 births
Dutch men's footballers
Footballers from Enschede
Men's association football goalkeepers
AGOVV players
Achilles '29 players
TOP Oss players
FC Twente players
Cape Town Spurs F.C. players
AFC Ajax players
OFC Pirin Blagoevgrad players
Go Ahead Eagles players
Eerste Divisie players
National First Division players
Dutch expatriate men's footballers
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in South Africa
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Bulgaria
Expatriate men's soccer players in South Africa
Expatriate men's footballers in Bulgaria
Jong FC Twente players |
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