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The 1912 Saint Louis Billikens football team was an American football team that represented Saint Louis University as an independent during the 1912 college football season. In their second season under head coach Frank Dennie, the Billikens compiled a 7–2 record and outscored opponents by a total of 201 to 80. The team played its home games at Sportsman's Park at St. Louis.
Schedule
References
Saint Louis
Saint Louis Billikens football seasons
Saint Louis Billikens football |
The Bologna Children's Book Fair or La fiera del libro per ragazzi is the leading professional fair for children's books in the world.
Since 1963, it is held yearly for four days in March or April in Bologna, Italy. It is the meeting place for all professionals involved with creating and publishing children's books, and is mainly used for the buying and selling of rights, both for translations and for derived products like movies or animated series. It is also the event where a number of major awards are given, the BolognaRagazzi Awards, in four categories (Fiction, Non-fiction, New Horizons (for the non-Western world) and Opera Prima (for first works). During the fair, but separate from it, some major awards are announced, including the biannual Hans Christian Andersen Awards and the Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award.
Since 1967, the Illustrators Exhibition within the Bologna Children's Book Fair presents the works of the illustrators selected by the jury which consists of five international experts (two publishers and three illustrators or teachers of illustration). Each year, five pieces of original artwork are submitted by around 3,000 artists from more than 70 nations.
Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic the 57th fair in 2020 was first postponed, then later cancelled. To facilitate the fair's main purpose, the international sale of rights and other publishing agreements, the organisers are creating a digital platform.
On April 9, 2021, the Bologna Children's Book Fair announced the cancelation of its physical 2021 fair due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The next 59th edition of Bologna Children's Book Fair will take place in Bologna from 21 to 24 March 2022.
Awards associated with the Fair
The Hans Christian Andersen Award
The Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award
The Silent Book Contest - also known as the Gianni De Conno Award
See also
Books in Italy
Notes
External links
Book fairs in Italy
Children's books
Culture in Bologna
Recurring events established in 1963
1963 establishments in Italy
Trade fairs in Italy |
Chakdaha College, established in 1973, is a college in Chakdaha, in Nadia district, West Bengal, India. It offers undergraduate courses in arts, commerce and sciences. It is affiliated to University of Kalyani.
Courses Offered
The college is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC).
See also
References
External links
Chakdaha College
University of Kalyani
University Grants Commission
National Assessment and Accreditation Council
Colleges affiliated to University of Kalyani
Educational institutions established in 1973
Universities and colleges in Nadia district
1973 establishments in West Bengal |
Allan Russell Frost (born 2 December 1942) is a former cricketer who played first-class cricket for South Australia from 1965 to 1968.
A fast bowler, Frost took a wicket with the first ball of the innings in his first first-class match when he had MCC’s Geoffrey Boycott caught by Ian Chappell on Christmas Eve 1965. He had his best season in 1966–67, when he took 33 wickets at an average of 23.69 in the Sheffield Shield. He toured New Zealand with the Australian team at the end of the season. He played in two of the four matches against New Zealand, taking six wickets, all of top-order batsmen.
His best first-class bowling figures were 5 for 28 against Wellington in February 1967. His best figures in the Sheffield Shield were 5 for 51 in the first innings against Queensland a month earlier, when he also took 4 for 22 in the second innings.
His career was curtailed by his refusal on religious grounds to play cricket on Sundays.
See also
List of South Australian representative cricketers
References
External links
1942 births
Living people
South Australia cricketers
Australian cricketers
Cricketers from Adelaide |
Shahrak-e Bostan (, also Romanized as Shahrak-e Bostān) is a village in Abshur Rural District, Forg District, Darab County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 418, in 81 families.
References
Populated places in Darab County |
Jason Cole Critchlow (born February 25, 1998), known professionally as Jay Critch, is an Haitian-American rapper, singer and songwriter. He was formerly signed with Rich Forever Music.
Early life
Jason Cole Critchlow grew up in the Clinton Hill neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. He was born on February 25, 1998, to a Trinidadian mother. As a child, he was fascinated by listening to his older brother rap. Critch grew up listening to Fabolous, Lil Wayne, and Jay-Z, as well as many rappers from New York City.
Career
Jay Critch's first major collaboration was with Rowdy Rebel on the song "Man Down" in 2015. In 2016, he began uploading songs on SoundCloud. He became the subject of widespread attention in 2016, when his song "Did It Again" was remixed by Rich the Kid, who signed him to Rich Forever Music in November. Their collaboration went viral, with the music video gaining over a million views in the first week of its release.
In November 2018, as a newly signed artist, Jay Critch released his debut solo mixtape, Hood Favorite. It features guest appearances from Offset, French Montana and Fabolous. He also was featured on Lil Tjay's "Ruthless", which was certified platinum.
In December 2020, Jay Critch released his third mixtape, Signed with Love.
On May 5, 2021, Jay returned with his mixtape, Critch Tape. Announced just hours before its release, the project contains 23 songs, with features from Fivio Foreign, Lil Tjay, and Drakeo the Ruler, among others.
Discography
Mixtapes
Singles
Man Down (with Rowdy Rebel) (2016)
Scoop (2016)
Take Sumn (2016)
Hennything (2016)
FIFA (featuring Dami) (2016)
Affiliated (2016)
Talk About (with Rich the Kid) (2017)
Still Sippin (with Rich the Kid) (2017)
Did it Again (with Rich the Kid) (2017)
Rich Forever Intro (with Rich the Kid and Famous Dex) (2017)
Pull Up (with Famous Dex) (2017)
Started It (featuring Don Q) (2017)
Do the Math (with Rich the Kid) (2017)
Pretty as f*ck (with Splash Gordan and Zeus Blanco) (2017)
In & Out (2017)
Family Rich (featuring SkinnyFromThe9) (2017)
Speak Up (2017)
Bottom Line (2017)
HIT (with Desiigner) (2017)
Red and Blue (with Vendetta) (2017)
Get Bucks (2017)
Yoshi (2017)
Rockets (2017)
Driving me Brazy (2017)
Adlibs (2017)
Wassup wit the Bag (featuring Larssen and Ski Mask the Slump God) (2017)
Fashion (with Rich the Kid) (2017)
Thousand Ways (with Harry Fraud) (2017)
Make it Count (with Lil Dude) (2018)
Ego (2018)
Big 30 (2018)
Sweepstakes (2018)
Gotta Go (Remix) (featuring A-D and Kalem) (2018)
Bluff (2018)
Still Sippin (Remix) (with Rich the Kid featuring Prince Don) (2018)
Now a Days (with King Ceazar) (2018)
Change Clothes (with Bronx Twins) (2018)
Robin Hood (2018)
Knots (featuring wifisfuneral) (2018)
Wanna Ball (featuring Flipp Dinero) (2018)
Nervous (featuring Rich the Kid, Famous Dex and Lil Baby) (2018)
Ice (featuring Marty Baller, ASAP Ferg, Rich the Kid and Sfera Ebbasta) (2018)
Cable Guy (featuring Key and Kenny Beats) (2018)
Oh Wow (with Rich the Kid) (2018)
Brown Hair (2019)
Stimulate (featuring Buckee) (2019)
Ruthless (featuring Lil Tjay) (2019)
Count me Up (with TMK) (2019)
Messy (2019)
Wendy's (2019)
6ix Rings (2019)
One 2 (with Pi'erre Bourne) (2019)
Don't @ Me (2019)
Adlibs Part 2 (2019)
Something Special (2019)
Necklace (with AJ Tracey) (2019)
Bully (2019)
Party Bus (with Rich the Kid and Famous Dex) (2019)
I'm a Star (Madden NFL 20) (2019)
Cameras (featuring Nick Mira & JetsonMade) (2019)
Dreams in a Wraith (2019)
Spooky (2020)
Money Talk (with Tony Seltzer and A Lau) (2020)
Handlin' Business (featuring WoBandz) (2020)
Bronny (2020)
Mighty Ducks (2020)
GameStop (2020)
Outside (with Slayter) (2020)
Hoes Fav (with Laron) (2020)
Devastated (with Laron) (2020)
Execute (with Tank God) (2020)
Back End (with Laron) (2020)
Living Good (with Laron) (2020)
Go Wherever (2021)
PC (2021)
To the Sky (2021)
Built for this (2021)
Hustler Muzik (2021)
Stretch (2021)
Jack It (2021)
Headlines (2021)
Gifted (2021)
Deadline (2021)
Losses (with Slayter) (2021)
Talk (2021)
KD Freestyle (2022)
Buck 50 Freestyle (2022)
Drank in my Cup (2022)
At my worst (2022)
Spin no blocks (2022)
Stamped (2022)
Anyday (2022)
Sade (2022)
Close to me / Active (2022)
Up All Night (2022)
Cheating Freestyle (2022)
Spooky Freestyle (2022)
Click (2022)
Born with it (with Harry Fraud) (2022)
Lefty (with Rich the Kid) (2022)
Where's Dexter (with Rich the Kid and Famous Dex) (2023)
Oh What a feeling (2023)
Still Movin (with Rich the Kid and Fivio Foreign) (2023)
References
1998 births
Living people
American male rappers
East Coast hip hop musicians
Rappers from Brooklyn
American people of Guyanese descent
American rappers of Trinidad and Tobago descent
Caribbean people
Interscope Records artists
Trap musicians |
Les Salelles () is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France.
Geography
The commune is traversed by the river Chassezac.
Population
See also
Communes of the Ardèche department
References
Communes of Ardèche
Ardèche communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="path_to_url"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:focusable="true"
android:paddingLeft="16dp"
android:paddingRight="16dp"
android:paddingTop="10dp"
android:paddingBottom="10dp"
android:clickable="true"
android:background="?android:attr/selectableItemBackground">
<TextView android:id="@+id/tvTitle"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="16sp"/>
<TextView android:id="@+id/tvDescription"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="12sp"/>
</LinearLayout>
``` |
Fire in the hole is a warning used in English-speaking countries to indicate that an explosive detonation in a confined space is imminent.
Fire in the Hole may also refer to:
Music
Fire in the Hole (album), a 2004 album by Brand Nubian
"Fire in the Hole" (1970), a song by Exuma from his album Exuma II
"Fire in the Hole" (Steely Dan song), 1972
"Fire in the Hole" (1994), a song by the Tragically Hip from their album Day for Night
"Fire in the Hole" (Skid Row song), 1998
"Fire in the Hole" (Van Halen song), 1998
"Fire in the Hole" (2012), a song by Pegboard Nerds
"Fire in the Hole" (2015), a song by Marianas Trench
"Five Finger Death Punch" (Five Finger Death Punch song), 2018
Television
"Fire in the Hole" (Justified), the pilot episode of the American TV series Justified
"Fire in the Hole", a season 1 episode of Ash vs Evil Dead
"Fire in the Hole", a season 3 episode of The Shield
Other uses
Fire in the Hole (Silver Dollar City), three story steel-enclosed roller coaster at Silver Dollar City, in Branson, Missouri, United States
"Fire in the Hole", a short story by Elmore Leonard, upon which the television series Justified is partly based
Fire in the Hole: And Other Stories (Raylan Givens Book 4), a short fiction collection by Elmore Leonard |
D500 may refer to:
Dodge D500, a variant of the Chrysler B engine
D500 road (Croatia)
Dewoitine D.500, an aircraft
Dodge D-500 (disambiguation), a performance model automobile
Durrum D-500, an amino acid analyser
Nikon D500, a 20.9 megapixel DSLR camera
Samsung SGH-D500, a mobile phone
Dell Latitude D500, a laptop |
The FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup Most Valuable Player is a biennial award, that is given by FIBA, to the Most Valuable Player of the FIBA Under-19 World Cup.
Winners
References
Most Valuable Player
Basketball trophies and awards |
Here 'Tis (subtitled The Junior Mance Quintet Play the Music of Dizzy Gillespie) is an album by jazz pianist Junior Mance's Quintet featuring compositions associated with Dizzy Gillespie. It was recorded in 1992 and released on the Sackville label.
Reception
The Globe and Mail wrote that Mance "shows more than the blues-based style that has dominated his work lately; his solo version of 'Tunesia' sustains the CD's light mood but also reveals a side of the composition that's rarely, if ever, heard."
Track listing
All compositions by Dizzy Gillespie except where noted.
"Here 'Tis" - 8:02
"Woody 'n' You" - 6:16
"Ow" - 9:51
"Con Alma" - 4:51
"Tour de Force" - 5:48
"Tin Tin Deo" (Chano Pozo, Gil Fuller) - 9:44
"I Waited for You" (Gillespie, Fuller) - 7:03
"Blue 'n' Boogie" (Gillespie, Frank Paparelli) - 6:15
"A Night in Tunisia" (Gillespie, Paparelli) - 3:33
Recorded in Toronto, Canada on January 14, 1992 (tracks 2-5, 7 & 8) and January 16, 1992 (tracks 1, 6 & 9)
Personnel
Junior Mance - piano
Bill McBirnie - flute (tracks 1-3, 6 & 8)
Reg Schwager - guitar (tracks 1-3, 6 & 8)
Kieran Overs - bass (tracks 1-8)
Norman Marshall Villeneuve - drums (tracks 1-8)
References
1992 albums
Junior Mance albums
Sackville Records albums
Dizzy Gillespie tribute albums |
Annur taluk is a taluk in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India, associated with the town of Annur. It was carved out of the Coimbatore-North taluk in 2012. The taluk is spread over an area of and had a population of 1,73,712 in 2011.
References
Taluks of Coimbatore district |
Not for Nothin' is English jazz bassist Dave Holland's studio album released on August 21, 2001 via the ECM label. Saxophonist Chris Potter, trombonist Robin Eubanks, vibraphonist Steve Nelson and drummer Billy Kilson return from Holland’s previous album.
Background
This is his thirteenth release on the ECM record label, and the third to feature his current working quintet.
As is standard for Holland's releases, the program consists of numerous compositions by the other band members, in this case one each, in addition to the majority written by Holland. The album's longest track "What Goes Around" was re-recorded by Holland in a big-band arrangement on the follow-up album What Goes Around.
Reception
The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded the album 4.5 stars, stating, "This is postmodern poetic singing at its finest. Who said jazz is a dead art form? Let he or she who has the ears to hear, hear; the Dave Holland Quintet is carrying the banner of creative music in the jazz tradition in the 21st century.".
Maurice Bottomley of PopMatters wrote "Actually, the ECM connection matters. If, like me, you associate the label with all that is clever but too contemplative by half, Not for Nothin' should be a salutary warning to your (and my) prejudices. Make no mistake, it swings, struts and sways in all the right places. And, at every twist and turn, the formidable Holland is there, relentlessly driving the music forward. There is nothing here that will surprise anyone who has heard Prime Directive -- this set's predecessor -- but it is, if anything, more easily confident. The younger players are all improving and their leader is certainly not in decline. As for the material, there have been more distinctive compositions, but everything is handled so well that it hardly matters. Best Jazz Album 2001? -- no, but pretty close. Best Small Group 2001? I don't see why not."
Track listing
All compositions by Dave Holland, except as noted.
"Global Citizen" (Robin Eubanks) - 11:12
"For All You Are" - 8:19
"Lost and Found" (Chris Potter) - 9:27
"Shifting Sands" - 5:20
"Billows of Rhythm" (Billy Kilson) - 6:45
"What Goes Around" - 13:04
"Go Fly a Kite" (Steve Nelson) - 6:12
"Not for Nothin'" - 5:54
"Cosmosis" - 6:11
Personnel
Dave Holland - bass
Robin Eubanks - trombone and cowbell
Chris Potter - soprano, alto and tenor saxophones
Steve Nelson - vibraphone & marimba
Billy Kilson - drums
Chris "Tek" O'Ryan - sound engineer
References
External links
Dave Holland albums
2001 albums
ECM Records albums |
Zgleczewo Szlacheckie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zaręby Kościelne, within Ostrów Mazowiecka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Zaręby Kościelne, south-east of Ostrów Mazowiecka, and north-east of Warsaw.
References
Zgleczewo Szlacheckie |
Bidasari is the final-installment of a trilogy of Filipino-language stage plays produced and written for Magwayen, the premier theater group of the University of the City of Manila. It was based on the original epic of the same name or title.
The epic love story originally graced the stage in 1999, and once again brought back in theaters in 2009.
Plot
The story revolves around the life of Bidasari, the most beautiful lady in the kingdom of Indrapura and her love with the generous and attractive prince, Jamil. Torn by war, the wicked sultana, Lilagretha, tries to sort things out in the sultanate by getting rid of the rebels led by Armilo. After hearing the oracle, Lilagretha plots Bidasari's death as the latter poses the greatest threat to her power.
Cast (2009)
Alyssa Paula Tomas as Bidasari. Alyssa was a 2nd-year Physical Therapy student at the PLM. In the second installment titled Indrapura, she was cast as the young Lilagretha.
Joseph Andrew Nicolas Molina plays Jamil as the ambassador of the Sultanate of Indrapura and the love interest of Bidasari. Joseph was a third-year Mass Communication student at the PLM. He also made a mark when he played the death-row convict in Magwayen's previous production Eks (X).
Ana Paula Montano as Lilagretha, the evil ruler of Indrapura. Ana Paula's notable performances in the past include being an evil sorceress in Indrapura, a rich nymphomaniac woman in Hawla and a lesbian filmmaker in Eks (X). Ana Paula was a 3rd-year Mass Communication student at the PLM
Godfrey Santos as Garuda, the monster of the forest. Godfrey was also part of the Magwayen's dance group.
Fatimah Abinal as Zervira, a clumsy fairy and protector of Bidasari.
Directors
Bidasari is directed by Gawad CCP Awardee John Borgy Danao and written by Magwayen's resident playwright and founder, Carlos Palanca awardee, Marlon Miguel. They are the same people who created the second part of the trilogy, Indrapura, in 2006. Both of them have also collaborated in Saan Darating Ang Umaga?, an afternoon soap on GMA 7
References
External links
Love-epic 'Indrapura' on-stage
1999 plays
Philippine plays
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila |
Harpalus raphaili is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Harpalinae. It was described by Kataev in 1997.
References
raphaili
Beetles described in 1997 |
Mark Bolton (born 3 April 1979) is a retired Australian rules footballer.
He was recruited to Essendon with pick 4 in the 1997 National Draft, via Ringwood, Victoria and Eastern U18. He made his debut in 1998 and went on to play 124 games.
He announced his retirement at the 2007 Crichton Medal Count.
Bolton completed his secondary education at Ringwood Secondary College and continued on to complete a Bachelor of Science (Biomedical Science) at Swinburne University of Technology.
Bolton joined University Blacks for season 2010.
Bolton is now, in 2011, the executive director of Ladder, a non-governmental organisation that enables homeless youth to find housing, jobs and pursue meaningful lives.
References
1979 births
Place of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Essendon Football Club players
Swinburne University of Technology alumni
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Eastern Ranges players
University Blacks Football Club players |
Kajabi LLC is an Irvine, California-based SaaS technology company that develops a platform for creators and entrepreneurs to create, market and sell digital content. The company is a tech unicorn, with a $2 billion valuation.
The company was founded in 2010, and its CEO as of March 2022 is Ahad Khan.
History
Kajabi was founded in Irvine, California in 2010 by Kenny Rueter, a software engineer who created a PVC sprinkler toy for his sons. The toy was popular, and after having difficulty trying to monetize a related how-to video on YouTube, Rueter started Kajabi. The company integrated various software that digital entrepreneurs needed to start online businesses.
In November 2019, the company took its first outside capital since its inception, a minority equity investment from Spectrum Equity Partners.
In 2021, Ahad Khan took over as CEO, and founder Rueter became executive chairman. In May 2021, the company raised a $550 million funding round at a $2 billion valuation, making it a tech unicorn. The funding round was led by Tiger Global, with participation from TPG Capital, Tidemark Capital, Owl Rock, Meritech Capital Partners, and Spectrum Equity. In July, the company added podcast hosting and marketing features for business owners. Also in 2021, the company was named to the Inc 5000 list of the fastest growing private companies in the United States for the 7th straight year. Also in 2021, the company launched a television advertising campaign "What Will You Create", created by Los Angeles-based production company Snow Beach.
In February 2022, former TikTok and Amazon executive Sean Solme Kim joined the company as president and chief product officer.
Products
Kajabi develops an online subscription platform that allows members to build and manage websites to monetize digital offerings such as online courses, membership communities and podcasts. Its customers are part of the knowledge economy. Categories for which content is created include personal development, health and fitness, business finance, marketing, education, parenting and lifestyle hobbies. The platform includes marketing tools such as email, and payment processing tools to accept subscription fees.
Operations
Kajabi is headquartered in Irvine, California. Its CEO is Ahad Khan. As of 2021, the company reported 200 employees.
As of February 2022, the company reported 51,000 active users in 138 countries. It also reported $3 billion of sales from over 60 million people.
References
External links
Companies based in Irvine, California
American companies established in 2010
Software companies of the United States
2010 establishments in California |
Ciclosporin is a cyclic polypeptide that has been used widely as an orally-available immunosuppressant. It was originally used to prevent transplant rejection of solid organs but has also found use as an orally administered agent to treat psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, dry eye and other auto-immune related conditions. A variety of pre-clinical and clinical studies have been and are investigating its use to treat lung-related disorders via inhalation.
Formulation
Formulation of the drug for inhalation purposes has proved challenging because of ciclosporin's poor aqueous solubility. Consequently, aerosol studies have often employed compatible solvents such as propylene glycol or ethanol as the vehicle for administration by nebulizer or have used more complicated aqueous-based formulations involving liposomes or other dispersions. Dry powder inhaler as well as propellant metered dose inhaler (pMDI) formulations have also been created and evaluated in the laboratory and in early clinical studies.
Investigational uses
Ciclosporin was brought to market in 1983 but the first non human aerosol studies were not published until the late 1980s. These efforts probed the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties of ciclosporin after regional deposition of drug in the lungs.
Asthma
Ciclosporin has been touted as a therapeutic option in moderate to severe asthmatic patients as a corticosteroid sparing agent. Preclinical studies bear evidence to the fact that ciclosporin when administered orally or via inhalation is capable of blocking T-cell induced inflammation (e.g. via interleukin-2 and 13 formation), eosinophil and macrophage recruitment in the lungs. Its use to treat asthma via the oral route may be constrained by systemic side-effects but this limitation may be avoided by targeting the lungs with therapeutic doses via inhalation. Pharmacokinetic evidence suggests that peak and trough levels of drug in the circulation are likely to be below the threshold of systemic toxicity. In addition to biomarkers inhaled ciclosporin has been shown to inhibit airway hyperresponsiveness in rodent models and appears to have been well tolerated in volunteers and mild asthmatic patients receiving the drug in single and multiple doses via pMDI. However, as of early 2009 there are no ongoing clinical trials further exploring ciclosporin's utility in asthma; in part, this may be a consequence of sporadic efficacy and side-effects (from oral use) in a condition that is historically managed by steroids.
Acute rejection
In light of the observations in relation to its use in asthma, the extension of ciclosporin's use to treat early rejection in the lungs was an obvious one, especially considering the increase in lung transplants performed in the USA and Europe since the mid-1980s. Numbers have increased from 33 in 1988 to 1468 in 2007. Furthermore, acute cellular rejection is common after transplantation and will occur in up to 90% of patients and episodes are most likely to occur in the first post-operative year. Consequently, the application of ciclosporin by oral and IV administration has led to efforts to treat acute and acute refractory rejection by direct aerosol administration first in animal models and soon thereafter in transplant patients. Most of these early efforts were carried out by or associated with the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of aerosolized ciclosporin that was published in the New England Journal of Medicine demonstrated a marked improvement in survival and reduction of chronic rejection incidence, but not in the primary endpoint of acute rejection. This has warranted more detailed investigations of aerosolized drug to treat or prevent the varied conditions of rejection.
Chronic rejection
Chronic rejection of the lungs differs significantly from acute rejection. The condition is aptly known as bronchiolitis obliterans and clinically is diagnosed as bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). Whereas acute rejection exhibits perivascular infiltration of mononuclear cells and attendant inflammation of the surrounding tissue chronic rejection appears to have significant epithelial involvement and is essentially a fibro-proliferative disorder of the small airways. The median survival after a confirmed diagnosis of BOS is just over 2 years. In fact, despite improvements in outcome associated with acute rejection, virtually no improvement in survival has been noted in chronic rejection over the last 20 years. The surprising finding that aerosolized ciclosporin may prevent or delay development of this insidious condition has led to renewed interest with aerosolized ciclosporin formulations and one early stage trial involving a dry powder inhaler is recruiting while another phase III trial involving nebulized ciclosporin in propylene glycol is underway. Early studies have also been conducted with liposome formulations in volunteers and patients.
Other
Inhaled ciclosporin has also shown promise in several other lung conditions. Early stage studies in mice have shown some benefit of ciclosporin as an adjuvant therapy in lung cancer when administered as a liposome aerosol in conjunction with paclitaxel.
References
External links
Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network
Inhalants |
```javascript
//your_sha256_hash---------------------------------------
//your_sha256_hash---------------------------------------
WScript.LoadScriptFile("..\\UnitTestFramework\\UnitTestFramework.js");
function matchRegExp(str, regexpLiteral, expectedResult)
{
matchResultLiteral = str.match(regexpLiteral);
errorMsgBase = "Expected result of match between string: '" + str + "' and regular expression: " + regexpLiteral + " to be " +
expectedResult + " but was "
actualResultLiteral = matchResultLiteral == null ? null : matchResultLiteral[0];
assert.areEqual(expectedResult, actualResultLiteral, errorMsgBase + actualResultLiteral);
regexpConstructor = new RegExp(regexpLiteral);
matchResultConstructor = str.match(regexpConstructor);
actualResultConstructor = matchResultConstructor == null ? null : matchResultConstructor[0];
assert.areEqual(expectedResult, actualResultConstructor, errorMsgBase + actualResultConstructor);
}
var tests = [
{
name : "Control characters followed by a word character ([A-Za-z0-9_])",
body : function ()
{
re = /[\c6]+/; //'6' = ascii x36, parsed as [\x16]+
matchRegExp("6", re, null);
matchRegExp("\\", re, null);
matchRegExp("\\c6", re, null);
matchRegExp("c", re, null);
matchRegExp("\x16", re, "\x16");
re = /\c6/; //'6' = ascii x36, parsed as "\\c6"
matchRegExp("\\c6", re, "\\c6");
matchRegExp("\\", re, null);
matchRegExp("6", re, null);
matchRegExp("c", re, null);
matchRegExp("\x16", re, null);
re = /\c6[\c6]+/; //'6' = ascii x36, parsed as "\\c6"[\x16]+
matchRegExp("\\c6\x16", re, "\\c6\x16");
matchRegExp("\\", re, null);
matchRegExp("c", re, null);
matchRegExp("\x16", re, null);
re = /[\ca]+/; //'a' = ascii x61, parsed as [\x01]+
matchRegExp("a", re, null);
matchRegExp("\\", re, null);
matchRegExp("c", re, null);
matchRegExp("00xyzabc123\x01qrst", re, "\x01");
re = /[\c_]+/; //'_' = ascii 0x5F, parsed as [\x1F]+
matchRegExp("\x1F\x1F\x05", re, "\x1F\x1F");
matchRegExp("\\\\\\", re, null);
matchRegExp("////", re, null);
matchRegExp("ccc_", re, null);
re = /[\cG]*/; //'G' = ascii x47, parsed as [\x07]*
matchRegExp("\x07\x06\x05", re, "\x07");
matchRegExp("\\\\", re, "");
matchRegExp("////", re, "");
matchRegExp("cccG", re, "");
re = /[\cG\c6\cf]+/; //'G' = ascii x47, '6' = ascii x36, 'f' = ascii x66, parsed as [\x07\x16\x06]+
matchRegExp("\x00\x03\x07\x06\x16\x07\x08", re, "\x07\x06\x16\x07");
matchRegExp("\\\\", re, null);
matchRegExp("////", re, null);
matchRegExp("cfG6", re, null);
re = /\cG\cf/; //'G' = ascii x47, 'f' = ascii x66, parsed as "\x07\x06"
matchRegExp("\x00\x03\x07\x06\x16\x07\x08", re, "\x07\x06");
matchRegExp("\\", re, null);
matchRegExp("/", re, null);
matchRegExp("\\cG\\c6\\cf", re, null);
re = /[\cz\cZ]+/; //'z' = ascii x7A, 'Z' = ascii x5A, have the same lowest 5 bits, parsed as [\x1A]+
matchRegExp("\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\x09\x0a\x0b\x0c\x0d\x0e\x0f" +
"\x10\x11\x12\x13\x14\x15\x16\x17\x18\x19\x1a\x1b\x1c\x1d\x1e\x1f", re, "\x1a");
matchRegExp("\\\\", re, null);
matchRegExp("////", re, null);
matchRegExp("ccczZ", re, null);
}
},
{
name : "Control characters followed by a non-word character ([^A-Za-z0-9_])",
body : function ()
{
re = /[\c*]+/; //'*' = ascii 42, parsed as [\\c*]+
matchRegExp("\x0a\x09\x08", re, null);
matchRegExp("a*c*b*d*", re, "*c*");
matchRegExp("\\\\", re, "\\\\");
matchRegExp("////", re, null);
matchRegExp("ccc", re, "ccc");
re = /[\c}]*/; //'}' = ascii 125, parsed as [\\c}]*
matchRegExp("\x1d\x7d\x3d", re, "");
matchRegExp("}c}}cd*c*b*d*", re, "}c}}c");
matchRegExp("\\\\", re, "\\\\");
matchRegExp("////", re, "");
matchRegExp("ccc", re, "ccc");
re = /[\c;]+/; //';' = ascii 59, parsed as [\\c;]+
matchRegExp("\x1b\x1c", re, null);
matchRegExp("d;c;d;*", re, ";c;");
matchRegExp("\\\\", re, "\\\\");
matchRegExp("////", re, null);
matchRegExp("ccc", re, "ccc");
re = /\c%/; //'%' = ascii x25, parsed as \\c%
matchRegExp("\\", re, null);
matchRegExp("\\", re, null);
matchRegExp("\\c%", re, "\\c%");
matchRegExp("\x05", re, null);
}
},
{
name : "Control Character tests with unicode flag present",
body : function ()
{
re = /[\cAg]+/u; //'A' = ascii x41, parsed as [g\x01]+
matchRegExp("abcdefghi", re, "g");
matchRegExp("\\\\", re, null);
matchRegExp("////", re, null);
matchRegExp("\x01\x01gg\x02\x04ggg", re, "\x01\x01gg");
re = /[\czA]+/u; //'z' = ascii x7A, parsed as [\x1AA]+
matchRegExp("abcdefghi", re, null);
matchRegExp("\\\\", re, null);
matchRegExp("////", re, null);
matchRegExp("YZA\x1aABC", re, "A\x1aA");
assert.throws(() => eval("\"\".match(/[\\c]/u)"), SyntaxError, "(Character class) Expected an error because escaped c must be followed by a letter when unicode flag is present, but is followed by no character here.",
"Invalid regular expression: invalid escape in unicode pattern");
assert.throws(() => eval("\"\".match(/[\\c-d]/u)"), SyntaxError, "(Character class) Expected an error because escaped c must be followed by a letter when unicode flag is present, but is followed by a dash, '-', here.",
"Invalid regular expression: invalid escape in unicode pattern");
assert.throws(() => eval("\"\".match(/[ab\\c_$]/u)"), SyntaxError, "(Character class) Expected an error because escaped c must be followed by a letter when unicode flag is present, but is followed by an underscore, '_', here.",
"Invalid regular expression: invalid escape in unicode pattern");
assert.throws(() => eval("\"\".match(/[ab\\c\\d]/u)"), SyntaxError, "(Character class) Expected an error because escaped c must be followed by a letter when unicode flag is present, but is followed by a backslash, '\\', here.",
"Invalid regular expression: invalid escape in unicode pattern");
assert.throws(() => eval("\"\".match(/[ab\\c3]/u)"), SyntaxError, "(Character class) Expected an error because escaped c must be followed by a letter when unicode flag is present, but is followed by a number, '3', here.",
"Invalid regular expression: invalid escape in unicode pattern");
re = /\cAg/u; //'A' = ascii x41, parsed as "\x01g"
matchRegExp("abcdefghi", re, null);
matchRegExp("\\\\", re, null);
matchRegExp("////", re, null);
matchRegExp("\x01\x01gg\x02\x04ggg", re, "\x01g");
re = /\czA/u; //'z' = ascii x7A, parsed as "\x1aA"
matchRegExp("abcdefghi", re, null);
matchRegExp("\\\\", re, null);
matchRegExp("////", re, null);
matchRegExp("YZA\x1aABC", re, "\x1aA");
assert.throws(() => eval("\"\".match(/\\c/u)"), SyntaxError, "(Non-character class) Expected an error because escaped c must be followed by a letter when unicode flag is present, but is followed by no character here.",
"Invalid regular expression: invalid escape in unicode pattern");
assert.throws(() => eval("\"\".match(/\\c-d/u)"), SyntaxError, "(Non-character class) Expected an error because escaped c must be followed by a letter when unicode flag is present, but is followed by a dash, '-', here.",
"Invalid regular expression: invalid escape in unicode pattern");
assert.throws(() => eval("\"\".match(/ab\\c_$/u)"), SyntaxError, "(Non-character class) Expected an error because escaped c must be followed by a letter when unicode flag is present, but is followed by an underscore, '_', here.",
"Invalid regular expression: invalid escape in unicode pattern");
assert.throws(() => eval("\"\".match(/ab\\c\\d/u)"), SyntaxError, "(Non-character class) Expected an error because escaped c must be followed by a letter when unicode flag is present, but is followed by a backslash, '\\', here.",
"Invalid regular expression: invalid escape in unicode pattern");
assert.throws(() => eval("\"\".match(/ab\\c3/u)"), SyntaxError, "(Non-character class) Expected an error because escaped c must be followed by a letter when unicode flag is present, but is followed by a number, '3', here.",
"Invalid regular expression: invalid escape in unicode pattern");
}
},
{
name : "Control character edge cases",
body : function ()
{
re = /[\c-g]+/; //'-' = ascii x2D, parsed as [\\c-g]+
matchRegExp("abcdefghi", re, "cdefg");
matchRegExp("\\\\", re, "\\\\");
matchRegExp("////", re, null);
matchRegExp("\x0d", re, null);
matchRegExp("aobd\\f\\d", re, "d\\f\\d");
re = /[\c-]+/; //'-' = ascii x2D, parsed as [\\c-]+
matchRegExp("abcdefghi", re, "c");
matchRegExp("\x0dc--c", re, "c--c");
matchRegExp("\\\\", re, "\\\\");
matchRegExp("////", re, null);
matchRegExp("aobd\\f\\d", re, "\\");
assert.throws(() => eval("\"\".match(/[\\c-a]/)"), SyntaxError, "Expected an error due to 'c-a' being an invalid range.", "Invalid range in character set");
}
}
];
testRunner.runTests(tests, {
verbose : WScript.Arguments[0] != "summary"
});
``` |
Kama Ginkas () (born 7 May 1941 in Kaunas, Lithuanian SSR, USSR) is a Russian and Soviet theatre director.
Born to a Jewish family, Ginkas was a student of Georgy Tovstonogov, Ginkas has collaborated with most major theatres in Moscow and St. Petersburg, including the Moscow Art Theatre (The Train Car and The Toastmaster), the Moscow New Generation Theatre (МТЮЗ) (We Play Crime - based on Dostoyevsky's Crime and Punishment, The Execution of the Decembrists, Anton Chekhov's The Black Monk and Lady with a Lapdog, and Rothschild's Fiddle.) His productions have traveled to festivals in Germany, Italy, Belgium, Sweden, Finland, Bosnia, Brazil, United States, Poland, Croatia, the Netherlands, the former Yugoslavia, and France. His adaptations of Chekhov's stories are visually stunning and unique in form, and have earned him the highest honors in Russia and at festivals throughout the world. In the summer of 2003, he made his American debut with his "K.I. from Crime" at the Bard SummerScape Festival. His English-language adaptation of the award-winning Lady with a Lapdog marked his American English-language premiere at the American Repertory Theater in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Over the past ten years Ginkas has directed a number of productions in Europe, including The Idiot in Germany and Macbeth in Finland. He has taught in the Swedish Theatre Academy in Helsinki and teaches directing at the Moscow Art Theatre School. His wife Genrietta Yanovskaya also famous theatre director - Director of Moscow TUZ (Teatr Unogo Zritelya - New Generation Theater).
External links
The Moscow New Generation Theater
Provoking Theater by Kama Ginkas and John Freedman
Lady with a Lapdog American Repertory Theatre
References
1941 births
Living people
People from Kaunas
Lithuanian Jews
Soviet theatre directors
People's Artists of Russia
State Prize of the Russian Federation laureates
Russian theatre directors |
Xanth ( ) is a series of novels by author Piers Anthony, also known as The Magic of Xanth. The novels are set in the fantasy world of Xanth, in which magic exists and every human has a magical "talent." The books have been noted for their extensive use of wordplay and puns.
Anthony has stated that he has kept the series going as long as he has (currently 47 books) because the Xanth novels are "just about all that publishers want" from him.
Since the peak of its popularity in the 1970s and 1980s, the series has been criticized by many scholars and reviewers for what they characterize as misogynist and pedophilic undertones; one reviewer has called it the "most divisive non-media publishing enterprise in all
of fantasy." Anthony has downplayed these critiques.
The series was optioned in 2017 for a film and TV series.
Books
As of October 2021, there are 45 published novels.
World of Xanth
Inhabitants and talents
Each human character in Xanth is born with a unique magical ability, called a talent. With the exception of the curse fiends, the winged centaurs, and the child Surprise Golem (Daughter of Rapunzel and Grundy Golem), these abilities never repeat exactly in individuals throughout the entire history of Xanth (although nearly identical talents show up on occasion). Though many talents are limited in scope (called the "spot-on-a-wall" variety), the series focuses mainly on individuals with "Magician" caliber abilities (one of the criteria for serving as King of Xanth).
In addition to the human characters, Xanth is populated by elves, centaurs, demons, dragons, fauns, gargoyles, goblins, golems, harpies, merfolk, naga, nymphs, ogres, zombies, curse fiends, and other fictional beasts. Though initially introduced as obstacles to the human characters, some individuals from those groups become main characters in later books of the series.
As the series progresses, some of the half-human species are discovered to have the potential to possess magical talents. The centaurs of the primary centaur community, Centaur Isle, exile any centaurs who demonstrate a magical talent (although some centaur communities are more lenient about possession of talent); however, they tolerate talents in "lesser" races such as humans. Goblins and harpies are shown to have the potential to possess half-talents, the complementary half existing in a member of the other species, (i.e., a goblin must team with a harpy for them to utilize their talent); the hostility between goblins and harpies proved a major obstacle to any serious effort by them to work together to develop these potential talents. Other non-human species are also known to possess talents, for example: Sesame Serpent and Claire Voyant. Visitors from other dimensions with talents retain their talents after arriving in Xanth.
Geography
Geographically, modern Xanth resembles the state of Florida in the United States in shape, but has landmarks that mimic well-known geographical features from around the world. One major example of this is the Gap Chasm, an enormous canyon a mile wide which completely bisects the country, paralleling the DMZ of the Korean Peninsula. The position of the Chasm could also correspond with the Cross Florida Barge Canal, which, similar to the chasm, is generally forgotten except for those who stumble upon it. The Gap is guarded by a resident dragon, known as Stanley Steamer, and is crossed by means of treacherous bridges. Many of Xanth's other geographical features are puns on those of Florida (for example, Lake Ogre-Chobee and the Kiss-Mee River). The Florida Keys also exist, though they are, in Xanth, actual keys. Other punning feature names include the Isle of View ("I love you"), Mount Ever-Rest (Mount Everest) and the Centaur Aisle (center aisle) created by a magician from the Centaur Isle. The moon is close enough that flying creatures may land there; the back side is sweet and honeyish, the visible side has turned sour and become curdled cheese, due to observing what has happened on Earth and Xanth. Plants may bear fruit of all descriptions (pie trees and shoe trees are common) or they may be carnivorous (such as the tangle trees), making travel in Xanth risky.
Xanth has a connection with the normal world, which is referred to as "Mundania"; its people are called "Mundanes". Although any citizen of Xanth can enter Mundania at any time through an isthmus in the northwest, Mundanes enter the isthmus in Xanth from random geographic locations and time periods throughout history. In other words, Xanth does not have a fixed location or time in the mundane world; and the timeline between Xanth and Mundania seems to jump backwards and forwards. For example, within the lifetime of a normal citizen of Xanth, an American Mundane from and an Egyptian Mundane from 3000 BC could both walk across the isthmus. However, Mundanes seem to have trouble finding Xanth on a consistent basis, making any travel to Xanth a somewhat rare occurrence. Despite these seeming difficulties, Xanth was colonized in several waves by groups of invaders and nomads from Mundania over the course of several centuries. The series ties these colonization events to actual historical events on Earth, most notably the Punic wars.
Adult Conspiracy
First mentioned in Crewel Lye, the Adult Conspiracy is one of the prominent features of the Xanth world. In an interview with Moira Allen, Piers Anthony referred to the "Adult conspiracy to keep interesting things from children" as a literary device "parodying current societal conventions". Nearly all subsequent books contain references to the Conspiracy and its effects, particularly those novels in which the main characters are children.
At its core, the Adult Conspiracy seeks to protect children from knowledge that could bring them to great harm. The precise age for entering into the world of adults is age 18, corresponding to the age of majority in most places. The primary principle that inducts children into the Conspiracy is the understanding of the secret of "summoning the stork". In Xanthian terms, "summoning the stork" literally means to put out a call to summon a stork which will deliver to the couple a child. In Isle of View, it is revealed that summoning the stork will release an "ellipsis" (...) into the air to fly off to the stork. This is a play on the joke that all the "adult" things happen after a paragraph ends in an ellipsis. Most inductees actually discover the specifics of the act "by accident" after marriage, or under the influence of a love spring (a magical spring which causes two drinkers, not necessarily human, or even of the same species, to fall madly, and lustfully, in love with one another at first sight).
Other faculties of the Adult Conspiracy include:
Censorship of foul language – All foul words contain the ability to cause various effects (the wilting of plants (negative), removal of curse burrs (positive), etc.). These are automatically bleeped when said in the presence of someone who has yet to be inducted.
Visual access to underwear – Because underwear is so closely tied to sexuality (even more so than nudity in Xanth), men become automatically "freaked out" when they view panties. This is made a common joke, most prominently in the novel The Color of Her Panties, and is often used by women to gain advantage over men. Panties only carry their effects when worn, but because of their nature, they are forbidden to be shown to children.
Inability to have childish fun – Children believe that once they join the Adult Conspiracy, they will no longer have pillow fights, eat sweets and drink "tsoda popka" (soda pop), or want to have fun. While this belief is exaggerated, the entry to the Conspiracy does cause the couple to lose their bed monster, inadvertently creating the appearance of losing all childhood spirit under the responsibility of Adulthood.
It is important to note that there have been occasions when children gained access to the Adult Conspiracy prematurely. Jenny Elf, Che Centaur, and Gwenny Goblin had to be given access to the Adult Conspiracy when Gwenny received a pair of contact lenses that corrected her poor eyesight while giving her the ability to see others' dreams (some of which could contain Conspiracy material). In one rare instance, a little girl was born with the magic talent of immunity to the magical censorship of Adult Conspiracy, causing her family much distress. This was remedied with magician Sherlock's talent of reversal and a vial of lethe water which erased her memory.
Related works
Encyclopedia of Xanth (1987, by Jody Lynn Nye) a Crossroads Adventure role-playing game book
Ghost of a Chance (1988, by Jody Lynn Nye) a Crossroads Adventure role-playing game book
Piers Anthony's Visual Guide to Xanth (1989, with Jody Lynn Nye)
"Xanth" Board Game (1991, created by Mayfair Games, a board game for 1-6 players set in the Xanth Universe)
Companions of Xanth (a 1993 video game described in and following the plot of Demons Don't Dream)
Letters to Jenny (1993, nonfiction)
References
Sources
Piers Anthony's Bibliography List
Ghost of a Chance () (1988) by Jody Lyn Nye (A Crossroads Adventure in the World of Piers Anthony's Xanth)
Bio of an Ogre () (1988) by Piers Anthony (Xanth: Part Five: Number 4 p. 213)
External links
Xanth on Hipiers.com
I was a captive of Xanth a review of the from Salon (December 7, 2000)
The timeline of Xanth
Fictional countries
Zombies and revenants in popular culture
Book series introduced in 1977
Fantasy novel series
Novels by Piers Anthony
Peninsulas |
Chamarajnagara is an alternate way to spell the following places in India:
Chamarajanagar, a city in the state of Karnataka
Chamarajanagar district, the district thereof |
Edward Boker Sterling (September 9, 1851 – November 29, 1925), of Trenton, New Jersey, was a philatelist who specialized in the study of United States postage stamps, postal stationery, and revenue stamps.
Collecting interests
Sterling is famous for his collection and study of United States revenue stamps, which are essentially tax stamps on certain goods and commodities issued by the federal government. Sterling amassed one of the finest such collections and sold it to Hiram Edmund Deats in 1888 for what was then the huge sum of seven thousand dollars.
In 1890, he and Deats joined together and purchased seven boxcar loads (amounting to 213 tons) of “excessed” paperwork from the U.S. Treasury. They discovered that the lot contained a “gold mine” of revenue stamps, including unused ones. The government eventually discovered its error, and demanded return of the lot, with most of it being returned.
After selling his revenue collection to Deats, Sterling became a stamp dealer, still specializing in revenue stamps. He made several important purchases, such as the archives of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania security printers and engravers Butler and Carpenter which contained both private and government revenue stamps. The archives contained essays, proofs, “special tax stamps” and other collateral material, most of which he subsequently sold to Deats.
Philatelic literature
Sterling issued his postage stamp catalog of United States stamps in 1887. In 1888, he issued his revenue stamp catalog of the United States, which became the standard reference for revenues.
Honors and awards
Sterling was admitted to the American Philatelic Society Hall of Fame in 1997.
See also
Philately
Philatelic literature
References
Edward Boker Sterling
External links
1851 births
1925 deaths
Philatelic literature
American philatelists
American stamp dealers
People from Trenton, New Jersey
American Philatelic Society
19th-century American merchants |
Petelotiella is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Urticaceae. It contains just one species, Petelotiella tonkinensis.
It is native to Vietnam.
The genus name of Petelotiella is in honour of Paul Alfred Pételot (1885–1965), a French botanist and entomologist, whose primary scholarly focus was on medicinal plants in Southeast Asia. The genus has the former name of Petelotia
The Latin specific epithet of tonkinensis means "of Tonkin (a French protectorate encompassing modern Northern Vietnam, 1883–1945 and 1945–1948).
Both the genus and the species were first described and published in H.Lecomte (ed.), Fl. Indo-Chine Vol.5 on page 873 in 1929.
References
Urticaceae
Urticaceae genera
Monotypic Rosales genera
Plants described in 1929
Flora of Vietnam |
is a Japanese international rugby union player who plays as a Fullback. He currently plays for in Japan Rugby League One and Tokai University.
References
1995 births
Living people
Japanese rugby union players
Japan international rugby union players
Rugby union fullbacks
Tokai University alumni
Sunwolves players
Saitama Wild Knights players |
Santee School District (Santee Elementary School District) is the district that governs all public elementary schools in Santee, California. The two high schools in Santee, Santana and West Hills are part by the Grossmont Union High School District.
Schools
Cajon Park Elementary School (K-8)
Carlton Hills Elementary School (K-8)
Carlton Oaks Elementary School (K-8)
Chet F. Harritt Elementary School (K-8)
Hill Creek Elementary School (K-8)
Pepper Drive School (K-8)
PRIDE Academy School (K-8)
Rio Seco Elementary School (K-8)
Sycamore Canyon Elementary School (K-6)
Santee Alternative School (Home Schooling)
Closed Schools
Santee School, the first school built in Santee, was closed in 2003.
Info
Santee School District has been a successful district ever since it started with its only school, which was Santee School. Some schools were opened to be known as overflow schools, but later became regular schools. Overflow schools were only meant to hold up to 500 students.
References
External links
School districts in San Diego County, California |
The British Independent Film Awards 2020 were held in early February 2021 to recognise the best in British independent cinema and filmmaking talent from United Kingdom. The nominations were announced on 9 December 2020 with Saint Maud leading with 17 nominations, followed by Rocks and His House with 16 each.
Winners and nominees
Films with multiple nominations and awards
Films with multiple awards
References
External links
Official website
2020 film awards
British Independent Film Awards |
Trivignano Udinese () is a (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about northwest of Trieste and about southeast of Udine. Its (borough) of Clauiano is a member of the ("The most beautiful villages of Italy") association.
References
External links
Official website
Cities and towns in Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Borghi più belli d'Italia |
Sean is a common given name in Ireland and Scotland. Alternate spellings include Shawn and Shaun.
Notable people with the name include:
Sean (cartoonist) (born John Klamik; 1935–2005), American cartoonist
A–C
Sean Astin (born 1971), American actor
Sean Avery, Canadian hockey player
Sean Bailey, American television and film producer
Sean Baker (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Barrett (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Bean (born 1959), English actor
Sean Berton (born 1979), American football player
Sean Bonniwell (1940–2011), American singer-songwriter, frontman of the rock band The Music Machine
Seán Brady (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Brewer (born 1977), American football player
Sean Browne (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Byrne (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Cain (born 1970), American filmmaker
Sean Caisse (born 1986), American racing driver
Sean Canfield (born 1986), American football player
Sean Carlow (born 1985), Australian figure skater
Sean Colson (born 1975), American basketball player
Sean Carroll (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Casey (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Cattouse (born 1988), American football player
Sean Chandler (born 1996), American football player
Sean Chu, Taiwanese-born Canadian politician
Sean Chiplock (born 1990), American voice actor
Sean Clancy (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Clifford (born 1998), American football player
Sean Collins (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Connery (1930–2020), Scottish actor and producer
Sean Conover (born 1984), American football player
Seán Considine (born 1981), American football player
Sean Corr (born 1984), American racing driver
Sean Culkin (born 1993), American football player
Seán Cummings (born 1968), Canadian playwright, actor, and director
D–F
Sean Daniel (born 1951), American film producer and movie executive
Sean Daniel (basketball) (born 1989), Israeli basketball player
Sean Daniels (born 1991), American football player
Sean Danielsen (born 1982), American guitarist and vocalist
Sean Davis (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Dawkins (born 1971), American football player
Sean Dillon (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Doctor (born 1966), American football player
Seán Doherty (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Dougherty (born 1991), American creative artist
Sean Douglas (disambiguation), multiple people
Seán Dunne (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Edwards (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Elliott (born 1968), American basketball player
Sean Faris, American actor
Sean Fallon (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Farrell (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Ferriter, Gaelic footballer
Sean Fitzpatrick (born 1963), New Zealand rugby player
Sean Patrick Flanery (born 1965), American actor, author, and martial artist
Sean Fleming (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Flynn (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Foudy (born 1966), Canadian football player
Sean Fraser (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean French (disambiguation), multiple people
G–J
Sean Gannon (musician), English musician with group The Magic Numbers
Séan Garnier (born 1984), French freestyle football star
Sean Gelael (born 1996), Indonesian racing driver
Sean Gilbert (born 1970), American football player and coach
Sean Vincent Gillis (born 1962), American serial killer
Sean Gleeson (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Green (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Gregan (born 1974), English footballer
Sean Gunn (born 1974), American actor
Sean Gunn (swimmer) (born 1993), Zimbabwean swimmer
Sean Guthrie (born 1988), American racing driver
Sean Hannity (born 1961), American television host, author, and conservative political commentator
Sean Harlow (born 1994), American football player
Sean Harris, English actor
Sean Harris (American football) (born 1972), American football player
Sean Hayes (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Hickey (born 1970), American composer
Sean Hickey (American football) (born 1991), American football player
Sean Higgins (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Hill (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Hughes (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Johnson (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Johnston, Canadian writer
Sean Johnston (rally driver) (born 1990), American rally driver
Sean Jones (disambiguation), multiple people
K–M
Sean Keane (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Kelly (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Kennedy (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Kenney (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Kilpatrick (born 1990), American basketball player
Sean Allan Krill (born 1971), American actor
Sean Labanowski (born 1992), Israeli-American basketball player
Sean LaChapelle (born 1970), American football player
Sean Lahman (born 1968), American author and journalist
Sean Lampley (born 1979), American basketball player
Sean Landeta (born 1962), American football player
Sean Lau (born 1964), Hong Kong actor
Sean Lee (born 1986), American football player
Sean Lennon (born 1975), American musician and composer
Sean Levert (1968–2008), American singer-songwriter
Sean Lissemore (born 1987), American football player
Sean Li, film actor
Sean Lock (1963–2021), English comedian and actor
Sean Locklear (born 1981), American football player
Sean Love (born 1968), American football player
Sean Lumpkin (born 1970), American football player
Sean MacManus (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Mackin (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Maguire (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Mahan (born 1980), American football player
Seán Mahon, Irish actor
Sean Malone (1970–2020), American musician
Sean Maloney (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Mannion (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Manuel (born 1973), American football player
Sean Marks (born 1975), New Zealand basketball player
Sean Marquette (born 1988), American actor
Sean Marshall (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Martin (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean May (born 1984), American basketball player
Sean McAdam (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean McCann (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean McCarthy (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean McDermott (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean McGrath (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean McGuire (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean McHugh (born 1982), American football player
Sean McInerney (born 1960), American football player
Sean McKenna (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean McKeon (born 1997), American football player
Sean McLaughlin (disambiguation), multiple people
Seán McLoughlin (hurler) (born 1935), Irish hurler
Seán "Jack" McLoughlin (born 1990), Irish YouTuber
Sean McManus (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean McNamara (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean McNanie (born 1961), American football player
Sean McVay (born 1986), American football coach
Sean Cameron Michael (born 1969), South African actor, writer, and singer
Sean Michaels (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Michael Wilson, Scottish comic book writer
Sean Monahan (born 1994), Canadian professional ice hockey player
Sean Moore (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Moran (born 1973), American football player
Seán Moran (born 1992), Irish hurler
Sean Morey (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Morrison (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Murphy (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Murphy-Bunting (born 1997), American football player
Sean Murray (disambiguation), multiple people
N–R
Sean Newton (born 1988), English footballer
Seann William Scott (born 1976), American actor
Sean O'Brien (disambiguation), multiple people
Seán Ó Ceallaigh (disambiguation), multiple people
Seán O'Connor (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean O'Grady (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean O'Neill (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean O'Sullivan (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Parker (born 1979), American internet entrepreneur
Sean Paul (born 1973), Jamaican dancehall rapper, singer and record producer
Sean Payton (born 1963), American football player and coach
Sean Penn (born 1960), American actor, screenwriter, film director, activist, and politician
Sean Pertwee (born 1964), English actor
Sean Porter (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Power (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Price (1972–2015), American rapper
Sean Rayhall (born 1995), American racing driver
Sean Reid-Foley (born 1995), American baseball player
Sean Renfree (born 1990), American football player
Sean Rhyan (born 2000), American football player
Sean Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Riley (American football) (born 1974), American football player
Sean Rodriguez (born 1985), American Major League Baseball player for the Philadelphia Phillies organization
Sean Rogers (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Rooks (1969–2016), American basketball player
Sean Russell (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Ryan (disambiguation), multiple people
S–Z
Sean Salisbury (born 1963), American football player
Sean Schemmel (born 1968), American voice actor
Sean Scott (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Singletary (born 1985), American basketball player
Sean Smith (disambiguation), multiple people
Seán South (1928–1957), Irish Republican Army volunteer
Sean Spence (born 1990), American football player
Sean Spencer (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Spicer (born 1971), American former White House Press Secretary
Sean Tarwater (born 1969), American politician
Sean Taylor (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Thomas (disambiguation), multiple people
Seán Treacy (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Treacy (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Tse (born 1992), English-born Hong Kong professional footballer
Sean Tucker (American football) (born 2001), American football player
Sean D. Tucker (born 1952), American acrobatic aviator
Sean Tufts (born 1982), American football player
Sean Tuohy (born 1959), American sports commentator and basketball player
Sean Vanhorse (born 1968), American football player
Sean Walker (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Wallace, American anthologist, editor, and publisher
Sean Walsh (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Weatherspoon (born 1987), American football player
Sean Whalen (born 1964), American actor and writer
Sean Whyte (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Williams (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Wilson (disambiguation), multiple people
Sean Woodside (born 1970), American racing driver
Sean Xiao (born 1991), Chinese actor and singer
Sean Young (born 1959), American actress
Sean Young (soccer) (born 2001), Canadian soccer player
Sean Yseult (born 1966), American musician
See also
Shaun, given name
Shawn (given name)
Shon (given name)
Sean
Sean
Sean |
A functor, in mathematics, is a map between categories.
Functor may also refer to:
Predicate functor in logic, a basic concept of predicate functor logic
Function word in linguistics
In computer programming:
Functor (functional programming)
Function object used to pass function pointers along with state information
for use of the term in Prolog language, see Prolog syntax and semantics
In OCaml and Standard ML, a functor is a higher-order module (a module parameterized by one or more other modules), often used to define type-safe abstracted algorithms and data structures.
See also
Function (disambiguation) |
John Charles Badcock (17 January 1903 – 29 May 1976), also known as Felix Badcock, was a British rower who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics and in the 1932 Summer Olympics.
Life
Badcock was born in West Ham and educated at Merchant Taylor's School. His family had been in business as boat builders and wharfingers on the River Thames for nearly a hundred years. Badcock became a member of Thames Rowing Club and had his first win at Henley Royal Regatta in 1925 in the Wyfold Challenge Cup. In 1927 he was in the Thames eight which won the Grand Challenge Cup and in the coxless four which won the Stewards' Challenge Cup. In 1928 he was again in the winning Thames crews in the Grand and Stewards at Henley. The Thames eight was then chosen to represent Great Britain rowing at the 1928 Summer Olympics and won the silver medal.
In 1932 he was again in the winning Thames crew in the Stewards Challenge Cup at Henley. The Thames coxless four was then chosen to represent Great Britain rowing at the 1932 Summer Olympics and won the gold medal in a hard race against the Germans. Badcock was appointed a vice-president of Thames Rowing Club in 1936.
In 1934, Badcock married the swimmer, Joyce Cooper, who had one silver and three bronze medals at the 1928 and 1932 Olympics. Their elder son, Felix Badcock, rowed for England at the 1958 Commonwealth Games and their younger son, Francis 'David', rowed for Oxford in 1958 as well as standing as reserve for the 1958 Commonwealth Games eight.
Achievements
Olympic Games
1928 – Silver, Eight
1932 – Gold, Coxless Four
Henley Royal Regatta
1925 – Wyfold Challenge Cup
1927 – Grand Challenge Cup
1927 – Stewards' Challenge Cup
1928 – Grand Challenge Cup
1928 – Stewards' Challenge Cup
1932 – Stewards' Challenge Cup
References
1903 births
1976 deaths
People educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood
English male rowers
British male rowers
Olympic rowers for Great Britain
Rowers at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Rowers at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medallists for Great Britain
Olympic silver medallists for Great Britain
English Olympic medallists
Olympic medalists in rowing
Medalists at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1928 Summer Olympics |
Echidnodes is a genus of fungi in the Asterinaceae family. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any order.
Species
As accepted by Species Fungorum;
Echidnodes africana
Echidnodes anisocarpa
Echidnodes asterinearum
Echidnodes bromeliacearum
Echidnodes bromeliae
Echidnodes cocoes
Echidnodes curtisiae
Echidnodes denigrata
Echidnodes diospyri
Echidnodes glonioides
Echidnodes hypolepidis
Echidnodes hypophylla
Echidnodes lembosioides
Echidnodes liturae
Echidnodes mammeae
Echidnodes marcgraviae
Echidnodes microspora
Echidnodes myrtaceicola
Echidnodes pandanicola
Echidnodes patula
Echidnodes pisoniae
Echidnodes sandwicensis
Echidnodes serpens
Echidnodes sydowii
Echidnodes tenompokensis
Echidnodes transvaalensis
Echidnodes visci
Echidnodes vrieseae
Echidnodes xenospila
Former species;
E. acokantherae = Lembosina acokantherae, Lembosinaceae family
E. aulographoides = Lembosina aulographoides, Lembosinaceae
E. baccharidincola = Prillieuxina baccharidincola, Asterinaceae
E. bosciae = Lembosina bosciae, Lembosinaceae
E. canthii = Lembosina canthii, Lembosinaceae
E. capparis = Lembosia capparis, Asterinaceae
E. crustacea = Echidnodella crustacea, Asterinaceae
E. durbana = Lembosina durbana, Lembosinaceae
E. embeliae = Lembosina embeliae, Lembosinaceae
E. festucae = Morenoina festucae, Asterinaceae
E. harunganae = Lembosia harunganae, Asterinaceae
E. heptapleuri = Lembosina heptapleuri, Lembosinaceae
E. irregularis = Cirsosia irregularis, Asterinaceae
E. natalensis = Echidnodella natalensis, Asterinaceae
E. pandani = Lembosia pandani, Asterinaceae
E. psychotriae = Lembosina psychotriae, Lembosinaceae
E. quercina = Lembosina quercina, Lembosinaceae
E. quercina var. burmensis = Lembosina quercina, Lembosinaceae
E. pittospori = Lembosina pittospori, Lembosinaceae
E. rhoina = Lembosina rhoina, Lembosinaceae
E. sclerolobii = Lembosina sclerolobii, Lembosinaceae
E. tecleae = Asterinella tecleae, Microthyriaceae
E. tecleae = Asterinella tecleae, Microthyriaceae
References
External links
Index Fungorum
Asterinaceae |
Nancy Charest (November 28, 1959 – March 1, 2014) was a Canadian politician. She represented the electoral district of Matane in the National Assembly of Quebec from 2003 to 2007 as a member of the Quebec Liberal Party. She was defeated by Pascal Bérubé of the Parti Québécois in the 2007 provincial election.
She ran as the Liberal Party of Canada's candidate for the district of Haute-Gaspésie—La Mitis—Matane—Matapédia in the 2008 federal election. She lost to Bloc Québécois incumbent Jean-Yves Roy, but received the highest vote percentage of any non-winning Liberal candidate in the province outside of the Montreal area.
Charest was found dead on March 1, 2014, along a road in her native Matane, Quebec. The cause of death was hypothermia, caused by exposure while Charest was heavily intoxicated. She was 54 years old.
Electoral record
References
External links
1959 births
2014 deaths
Canadian women lawyers
Deaths from hypothermia
French Quebecers
Lawyers in Quebec
Quebec candidates for Member of Parliament
Quebec Liberal Party MNAs
Candidates in the 2008 Canadian federal election
Candidates in the 2011 Canadian federal election
People from Matane
Women MNAs in Quebec
21st-century Canadian women politicians
Liberal Party of Canada candidates for the Canadian House of Commons
Université Laval alumni |
```objective-c
/* -*- mode: C; c-basic-offset: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*- */
// vim: expandtab:ts=8:sw=4:softtabstop=4:
/**
* \file lzma/check.h
* \brief Integrity checks
*/
/*
* Author: Lasse Collin
*
* This file has been put into the public domain.
* You can do whatever you want with this file.
*
* See ../lzma.h for information about liblzma as a whole.
*/
#ifndef LZMA_H_INTERNAL
# error Never include this file directly. Use <lzma.h> instead.
#endif
/**
* \brief Type of the integrity check (Check ID)
*
* The .xz format supports multiple types of checks that are calculated
* from the uncompressed data. They vary in both speed and ability to
* detect errors.
*/
typedef enum {
LZMA_CHECK_NONE = 0,
/**<
* No Check is calculated.
*
* Size of the Check field: 0 bytes
*/
LZMA_CHECK_CRC32 = 1,
/**<
* CRC32 using the polynomial from the IEEE 802.3 standard
*
* Size of the Check field: 4 bytes
*/
LZMA_CHECK_CRC64 = 4,
/**<
* CRC64 using the polynomial from the ECMA-182 standard
*
* Size of the Check field: 8 bytes
*/
LZMA_CHECK_SHA256 = 10
/**<
* SHA-256
*
* Size of the Check field: 32 bytes
*/
} lzma_check;
/**
* \brief Maximum valid Check ID
*
* The .xz file format specification specifies 16 Check IDs (0-15). Some
* of them are only reserved, that is, no actual Check algorithm has been
* assigned. When decoding, liblzma still accepts unknown Check IDs for
* future compatibility. If a valid but unsupported Check ID is detected,
* liblzma can indicate a warning; see the flags LZMA_TELL_NO_CHECK,
* LZMA_TELL_UNSUPPORTED_CHECK, and LZMA_TELL_ANY_CHECK in container.h.
*/
#define LZMA_CHECK_ID_MAX 15
/**
* \brief Test if the given Check ID is supported
*
* Return true if the given Check ID is supported by this liblzma build.
* Otherwise false is returned. It is safe to call this with a value that
* is not in the range [0, 15]; in that case the return value is always false.
*
* You can assume that LZMA_CHECK_NONE and LZMA_CHECK_CRC32 are always
* supported (even if liblzma is built with limited features).
*/
extern LZMA_API(lzma_bool) lzma_check_is_supported(lzma_check check)
lzma_nothrow lzma_attr_const;
/**
* \brief Get the size of the Check field with the given Check ID
*
* Although not all Check IDs have a check algorithm associated, the size of
* every Check is already frozen. This function returns the size (in bytes) of
* the Check field with the specified Check ID. The values are:
* { 0, 4, 4, 4, 8, 8, 8, 16, 16, 16, 32, 32, 32, 64, 64, 64 }
*
* If the argument is not in the range [0, 15], UINT32_MAX is returned.
*/
extern LZMA_API(uint32_t) lzma_check_size(lzma_check check)
lzma_nothrow lzma_attr_const;
/**
* \brief Maximum size of a Check field
*/
#define LZMA_CHECK_SIZE_MAX 64
/**
* \brief Calculate CRC32
*
* Calculate CRC32 using the polynomial from the IEEE 802.3 standard.
*
* \param buf Pointer to the input buffer
* \param size Size of the input buffer
* \param crc Previously returned CRC value. This is used to
* calculate the CRC of a big buffer in smaller chunks.
* Set to zero when starting a new calculation.
*
* \return Updated CRC value, which can be passed to this function
* again to continue CRC calculation.
*/
extern LZMA_API(uint32_t) lzma_crc32(
const uint8_t *buf, size_t size, uint32_t crc)
lzma_nothrow lzma_attr_pure;
/**
* \brief Calculate CRC64
*
* Calculate CRC64 using the polynomial from the ECMA-182 standard.
*
* This function is used similarly to lzma_crc32(). See its documentation.
*/
extern LZMA_API(uint64_t) lzma_crc64(
const uint8_t *buf, size_t size, uint64_t crc)
lzma_nothrow lzma_attr_pure;
/*
* SHA-256 functions are currently not exported to public API.
* Contact Lasse Collin if you think it should be.
*/
/**
* \brief Get the type of the integrity check
*
* This function can be called only immediatelly after lzma_code() has
* returned LZMA_NO_CHECK, LZMA_UNSUPPORTED_CHECK, or LZMA_GET_CHECK.
* Calling this function in any other situation has undefined behavior.
*/
extern LZMA_API(lzma_check) lzma_get_check(const lzma_stream *strm)
lzma_nothrow;
``` |
Farmhaven is an unincorporated community located in Madison County, Mississippi. Farmhaven is approximately east of Sharon and approximately west of Carthage on Pat Luckett Road situated between Mississippi Highway 16 and the Natchez Trace Parkway.
Farmhaven is located within the Jackson Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Notable people
Evie Dennis, United States Olympic Committee vice president from 1981 to 1988
Flonzie Brown Wright, civil rights activist
References
Unincorporated communities in Madison County, Mississippi
Unincorporated communities in Mississippi |
Jessica Rodén (born 1976) is a Swedish politician. she serves as Member of the Riksdag representing the constituency of Västra Götaland County South. She is affiliated with the Social Democrats.
References
Living people
1976 births
Place of birth missing (living people)
21st-century Swedish politicians
21st-century Swedish women politicians
Members of the Riksdag 2022–2026
Members of the Riksdag from the Social Democrats
Women members of the Riksdag |
The Krim-class ocean liners consisted of six ships built during the late 1920s for service in the Black Sea. The first two ships were built in Germany, but the rest were built in the Soviet Union. Four ships were sunk during the Second World War, but the others survived the war.
Background
In 1928 the Sovtorgflot (Soviet Commercial Fleet) ordered two ships from the Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft shipyard in Kiel, Germany and procured a license to build four more at the Baltic Works in Leningrad. The latter ships were virtually identical with their half-sisters, but differed slightly in some respects. The Krim-class ships were intended for service in the Black Sea with the Black Sea State Shipping Company.
Description
The German-built ships, and , had an overall length of , with a beam of and a draught of . They had two decks and a depth of hold of . The shipw were assessed at , , and . Krim and Gruziya had a pair of six-cylinder, two-stroke diesel engines, each driving a screw propeller, and the engines were rated at a total of 1,163 nominal horsepower. Sources differ about their maximum speed, quoting speeds of or . The ship had a designed capacity of 450 passengers.
Ships
Service
After completion they was assigned to the Black Sea State Shipping Company with their port of registry at Odessa.
References
Bibliography
Krim-class ocean liner
Ocean liner classes
Passenger ships of the Soviet Union
World War II passenger ships of the Soviet Union |
```php
<?php
/*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
*/
namespace Google\Service\Dataproc;
class AutoscalingConfig extends \Google\Model
{
/**
* @var string
*/
public $policyUri;
/**
* @param string
*/
public function setPolicyUri($policyUri)
{
$this->policyUri = $policyUri;
}
/**
* @return string
*/
public function getPolicyUri()
{
return $this->policyUri;
}
}
// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
class_alias(AutoscalingConfig::class, 'Google_Service_Dataproc_AutoscalingConfig');
``` |
The South Carolina Military Academy was a predecessor, two-campus institution to The Citadel. It was established in 1842 by the South Carolina Legislature.
South Carolina had constructed a series of arsenals around the state after the Denmark Vesey planned slave revolt of 1822; these were consolidated into Columbia and Charleston arsenals. No longer seen as militarily necessary, they became in 1842 the South Carolina Military Academy, consisting of the Arsenal Academy in Columbia and the Citadel Academy in Charleston. During the Civil War students from both served as the Battalion of State Cadets; classes continued, with interruptions. SCMA cadets fired the first shots of the Civil War on January 9, 1861 while manning a gun emplacement on Morris Island, South Carolina which shelled the Union steamship Star of the West; the Battalion of State Cadets made up over a third of a Confederate force that defended a strategic rail bridge in the Battle of Tulifinny in 1864, the only occasion when the entire student body of an American college fought in combat.
The Arsenal Academy was burned by Union troops in 1865 and never reopened; the only surviving building became the South Carolina Governor's Mansion. The Citadel Academy and the South Carolina Military Academy closed in 1865; its buildings were in Federal hands until 1882. An 1882 act of the South Carolina Legislature reopened the South Carolina Military Academy, using only the campus in Charleston. Known commonly as The Citadel Academy, the school was renamed in 1910 as The Citadel, after the name "Academy" became common to high schools rather than colleges.
Further reading
Defunct universities and colleges in South Carolina
The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina
1842 establishments in South Carolina
1865 disestablishments in South Carolina
Defunct United States military academies |
Casey, Crime Photographer (also known simply as Crime Photographer) is an American crime drama television series that aired from April 19, 1951, to June 5, 1952, on the CBS Television Network. The series ran for 57 episodes over two seasons. It was based on the successful radio series of the same name which was based on the novels by George Harmon Coxe.
The series starred Richard Carlyle originally as the title role of Jack "Flashgun" Casey. Later, Darren McGavin would take on the title role. The series co-starred actress Jan Miner as Ann Williams, Jack's girlfriend and a fellow reporter.
Origins
In 1934, author George Harmon Coxe who was already known for the writer of Black Mask magazine, which was launched in 1920, created a new character called Jack Casey who solved crimes for the police.
The character was so successful in the magazine that Coxe wrote a novel about him called Silent Are the Dead in 1942. There were also two movie made about him entitled Women Are Trouble, (1936), and Here's Flash Casey, (1938). Another Casey novel was written entitled Murder For Two in 1943. There were three more Casey novels released; Error of Judgement, (1961), The Man Who Died Too Soon, (1962), and Broken Image, (1964).
On July 7, 1943, the CBS Radio Network launched the long-running radio series called Casey, Crime Photographer, (originally called Flashgun Casey). The show was very successful. It was renamed in April 1944 to Casey, Press Photographer, and again in June 1945 to Crime Photographer. It was finally called Casey, Crime Photographer in March 1947. The radio series was cancelled on November 16, 1950. It was revived and put back on the radio as simply Crime Photographer. It was only on for a year from January 13, 1954–April 22, 1955 before being permanently cancelled.
Between the cancelation of the radio series in 1950 and the revival of it in 1954, CBS Television aired a television series for one year entitled Casey, Crime Photographer (also known as Crime Photographer).
Synopsis
Casey, Crime Photographer premiered on Thursday, April 19, 1951, on CBS. For the first season, actor Richard Carlyle portrayed the title role of Jack Casey, nicknamed “Flashgun”.
Casey is a reporter, specifically a photographer, for the fictional newspaper, The Morning Express in New York. Casey usually reports at crimes, photographing crime scenes. He collaborates with the police and participates in the solving of these crimes. His girlfriend, Ann Williams, which was played by future Palmolive spokesperson and actress Jan Miner for the entire series, is also a reporter at The Express.
Every week on every episode, Casey goes to the Blue Note Café, where a bartender named Ethelbert is usually always there waiting for Casey to tell him his most recent job experience and his most recent crime investigation.
The season one finale aired on August 30, 1951.
Season 2 changes
Season 2 premiered on September 7, 1951.
The major changes that occurred during the season were mainly cast related.
The biggest change in the cast was the change of the actors who played Casey. Richard Carlyle originally played Casey, but in June 1951, near the end of season one, the show's executives replaced Carlyle with another popular actor, Darren McGavin. This was McGavin's first role on television.
The role of Ethelbert the bartender also changed as season two rolled around. Originally, the role of Ethelbert was played by actor John Gibson. In June 1951, along with Carlyle, Gibson was replaced by Cliff Hall who entered season two playing the role of Ethelbert.
Season two also saw the birth of a new character, Jack Lipman. Lipman was Casey's partner. Lipman was portrayed by actor Archie Smith.
Jan Miner maintained her role as Casey's girlfriend and fellow Express reporter, Ann Williams.
CBS cancelled the show in 1952. Its last episode aired on June 5, 1952.
Cast
Jack "Flashgun" Casey – Portrayed by Richard Carlyle originally. Actor Darren McGavin took over the role in June 1951 and through season two, (the final season). Casey is a photographer/reporter who works at The Morning Express, a New York newspaper. He collaborates with the police to solve seemingly unsolvable crimes. In every episode, Casey is always at the Blue Note Café to tell the story of his last job endeavor to the patrons of the bar, (mainly the bartender).
Ann Williams – Portrayed by Jan Miner for both seasons. Is also a reporter at The Express. Ann is also the girlfriend of Casey and occasionally is involved in Casey's "adventures".
Ethelbert – Portrayed originally by John Gibson. It was replaced by Cliff Hall in June 1951. Ethelbert is a waiter/bartender at the Blue Note Café. Ethelbert is usually the one with whom Casey tells his stories to each week.
Jack Lipman – Portrayed by Archie Smith. Lipman was a character introduced towards the end of season one in the Summer of 1951. Lipman became familiar with viewers of the series by the season two premiere on September 7, 1951. Lipman was Casey's partner, who assisted him in solving the crimes and getting pictures of them for The Express.
Production notes
The series was telecast live from New York City for both of its seasons. The series aired on Thursday nights at 10:30 pm EST. The series was produced by Martin Manulis. This was his first production role in television. The series was directed by Sidney Lumet in his earliest television directing roles.
The music that would usually accompany Casey and his conversations with Ethelbert were performed by The Tony Mottola Trio.
The last episode of Casey, Crime Photographer, aired nationally on June 5, 1952. But two other episodes of the series aired only in New York on June 12 and 19, 1952.
After the series ended its run in June 1952, CBS replaced the series with the game show I've Got a Secret which premiered on June 19, 1952
Ratings
In a recent rating of the Most Popular Drama of the 1950s, is ranked number 72 on the list. The series ranked behind Lux Video Theatre which was #70.
References
External links
1950s American crime drama television series
1951 American television series debuts
1952 American television series endings
CBS original programming
Works about photography
Television series about journalism
Television shows set in New York (state)
Television shows filmed in New York City |
Victoria Junior College (VJC), often known as Victoria, is a co-educational junior college in Singapore offering pre-university education to boarding and day-students. Founded in 1984, the school stands on Marine Vista, less than one kilometre from the affiliated Victoria School.
VJC is part of the Victoria-Cedar alliance, and is one of Singapore's top Junior Colleges. The school's programmes and activities are advised by the Victoria Advisory Committee, while day-to-day operations of the school is run by the School Principal. Tutors and faculty members are responsible for the governance of student-life.
History
Victoria Junior College was established in 1984 to replace the Pre-University classes in Victoria School (VS). The pioneer batch of 776 students was received with 51 teachers and 16 supporting staff. The outstanding results of the pioneer batch of students in the GCE 'A' Level examinations was to set the academic standard for succeeding generations of Victorians.
Over the years, VJC has widely been recognised, based on MOE rankings and entry scores, as one of the top three junior colleges in Singapore that offer the 'A' Levels. VJC was also ranked the top junior college in the Ministry of Education's (MOE) ST ranking of junior colleges in 1995 and 2001, based on academic results. More recently in 2019, it had the 4th toughest entry score amongst junior colleges offering the 'A' Levels.
In 1989, VJC was the first and, until 2005, the only junior college in Singapore to offer Theatre Studies and Drama as an 'A' Level subject. It also offered a university-level French curriculum as part of the Language Elective Programme until it was discontinued in 2006.
Since 2005, VJC has offered the Integrated Programme, allowing students from the affiliated Victoria School to skip O Levels and proceed to junior college. The Victoria Integrated Programme (VIP) was implemented as a four-year programme starting from Secondary 3. In 2012 it was replaced by the six-year Victoria-Cedar Alliance Integrated Programme (VCA IP), in partnership with Cedar Girls' Secondary School.
VJC was awarded the School Excellence Award in 2007, the top award in the MOE Masterplan of Awards framework.
Principal
The college saw its first leadership change in 2001, when founding principal, Lee Phui Mun, stepped down after 18 years of service. She was succeeded by Low Khah Gek, who was a former chemistry teacher in the school. In 2006, Chan Poh Meng, formerly a Superintendent at the Schools Division, took over the reins from Low. In December 2013, Ek Soo Ben, Deputy Director at the Standards and Research Academy of Singapore Teachers and a former Economics teacher at VJC, succeeded Chan.
Academics
Victoria Junior College's two-year curriculum culminates in the Singapore GCE Advanced Level examinations. Students take up to four Higher 2 subjects and read two compulsory Higher 1 subjects - General Paper and Project Work - in their first year, and may elect to read additional Higher 3 subjects in the second year. Approximately 30% of students read Higher 1 Mother Tongue Language in their first year too. Home to the East Zone Science and Technology Centre, the college also sent the first Singapore school team to participate in the International Science and Engineering Fair in 2004.
VJC is one of the three schools in Singapore that holds the BioMedical Admissions Test (BMAT).
Achievements
Sports
In 2017, VJC won the A-division championship title for girls' football, boys' floorball, boys' wushu and hockey girls. This was the fifth straight title for the girls' football team, and their ninth in the last ten years.
In 2018, VJC won the A-division championship title for both the boys' and girls' football, hockey girls and wushu boys. This is VJC's 16th consecutive year winning the A-division girls' hockey.
In 2019, VJC won the A-division championship title for girls' football, girls' floorball, girls' wushu and girls' rockclimbing.
Performing Arts
Choir
The VJC Choir was the first school choir from Singapore to win an international choir competition. It beat 30 top choirs from other parts of the world in the 800-year-old Cardigan Eisteddfod Competition in Wales in 1990, and for its outstanding contribution to music in Singapore, the VJC Choir was presented with the 1990 Guinness Stout Effort Award.
In 2004, Victoria Junior College Choir represented Singapore in the World Choir Games held in Bremen, Germany and won Gold Medals in all three contested categories, namely Musica Sacra, Contemporary Music and Open Mixed. It emerged as the Olympic Champion of the Open Mixed Category, and second placing in the Musica Sacra and Contemporary Music categories.
In 2006, VJC choir won the esteemed Audience Prize and Grand Prix Award in the 9th Concorso Corale Internazionale (International Choir Competition) held in Riva Del Garda, Italy. The VJC Choir won Gold for both the categories they competed in - Musica Sacra and Mixed Youth, and emerged as Category Winner for the latter. It is the first time an Asian Choir has won the grand prize and one of a few choirs in the world to win both the Audience Prize and Grand Prix Award together.
In 2018, VJC choir competed in the Asia Cantate and clinched the Grand Prize. In addition, they also won two other categories—the Mixed Voices Choir (Open) and the Mixed Voices Choir (Senior Youth).
As of December 2021, it was ranked 5th in the world in the mixed choirs category of the INTERKULTUR World Rankings.
Dance
In 2008, the VJC Dance Ensemble competed at the Barcelona Dance Awards, clinching second place for choreography and the Best Theatre Performance.
VJC Dance Ensemble achieved overall grand champion in the 2010 Lecco Danza, an international dance competition held in Italy. They were awarded first prize in the contemporary senior dance group category and first runners-up in the hip-hop group category.
In 2012, VJC dancers were champions in the Jazz Dance Small Group category at the 9th World Dance Olympiad in Moscow, Russia.
In the 2014 Crown International Dance Festival in Melbourne, Australia, the dance ensemble placed first in all the three categories that it participated in, namely Contemporary, Modern Expression and Hip Hop.
Symphonic Band
In 2008, the VJC Symphonic Band competed at the New York Band and Orchestra Festival, clinching the Gold Award. The Band performed at the Carnegie Hall for the competition, and was also invited to perform at Central Park in New York days before the competition.
Affiliations
VJC is affiliated to Victoria School, an all-boys school founded in 1876.
VJC provided VS students an option to continue a two-year junior college education within the Victorian family after the completion of their secondary education. VS students choosing to enter VJC get two bonus points off their GCE 'O'-Level L1R5 academic aggregate.
Since the 2012 school year, VS and Cedar Girls' Secondary School have offered the Victoria-Cedar Alliance Integrated Programme (VCA IP) option. After finishing Secondary 4, 160 students from each school continue on to VJC automatically.
Alumni
The alumni body, Old Victorians' Association (OVA), was established in 1941. It serves as a channel for former students of Victoria School and Victoria Junior College to continue to associate with their alma mater.
The OVA supports the activities undertaken by the schools, assists needy students, and promotes sports, social and cultural activities among members.
In 2009, OVA organised the inaugural combined VS and VJC gala concert, with a 260-strong cast comprising both students and celebrity alumni, at the Esplanade Concert Hall.
In 2011, OVA organised the Victoria School 135th Anniversary Celebration Dinner at the former VS campus at Tyrwhitt Road.
Notable alumni
Politics and Government
Lawrence Wong, Deputy Prime Minister (2022–present), Minister for Finance (2021–present) and Member of Parliament (2011–present)
Gan Siow Huang, Minister of State for Education, Minister of State for Manpower and Member of Parliament (2020–present); First female general of the Singapore Armed Forces
Chong Chieng Jen, Deputy Minister of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs, Malaysia (2018–2020)
Alex Yam, Member of Parliament (2011–present)
Henry Kwek, Member of Parliament (2015–present)
Nadia Ahmad Samdin, Member of Parliament (2020–present)
Janice Koh, Nominated Member of Parliament (2012–2014)
Douglas Foo, Nominated Member of Parliament (2018–2020)
Nicole Seah, Politician
Business
Kwek Kok Kwong, former chief executive officer, NTUC LearningHub
Lam Yi Young, chief executive officer, Singapore Business Federation
Arts
Maddy Barber, radio presenter
Boon Hui Lu, singer-songwriter and actress
Felicia Chin, actress
Michelle Chong, film producer, director and actress
Joanna Dong, jazz singer, actress and presenter
Natalie Hennedige, playwright
Ho Yeow Sun (Sun Ho), singer and actress; pastor
Lee Teng, actor and presenter
Sonny Liew, comic artist/illustrator; only Singaporean to have won the Eisner Award
Rebecca Lim, actress
Ling Kai, singer-songwriter
Jasmine Ng, producer and director
Nuraliza Osman, lawyer and beauty queen
Joanne Peh, actress
ShiLi & Adi, musicians
J C Sum, Illusionist and illusion designer
Kirsten Tan, film director and screenwriter
Tan Pin Pin, film director
Kelvin Tong, film director, producer and screenwriter
Sports
Anders Aplin, first Singaporean footballer to play in the J2 League and in Japan
Dinah Chan, former national road and track cyclist
Kampton Kam, national track and field athlete; holds the Singapore men's indoor high jump record
Glenn Kweh, national footballer
Della Lee, national squash coach and former professional squash player
Gavin Lee, youngest football coach in the Singapore Premier League at the age of 28, 2019
Mah Li Lian, winner, Asian Individual Squash Championships, 1988, 1990, 1992 and 1994;Sportswoman of the Year, 1989 and 1991
Esther Tan, Singapore's first female naval diver and adventure racing athlete
Lance Tan, former national track and field athlete and track cyclist
Fabian Tan, first National University of Singapore undergraduate to play in the Singapore Premier League, 2006
Olympians
Koh Seng Leong, Olympian (Sailing), 2000 Summer Olympics and 2008 Summer Olympics
Denise Lim, Olympian (Sailing), 2016 Summer Olympics
Lo Man Yi, Olympian (Sailing), 2008 Summer Olympics
Deborah Ong, Olympian (Sailing), 2008 Summer Olympics
Sara Tan, Olympian (Sailing), 2016 Summer Olympics
Toh Liying, Olympian (Sailing), 2008 Summer Olympics
Elizabeth Yin, Olympian (Sailing), 2012 Summer Olympics
Others
Clemen Chiang, entrepreneur
Adam Khoo, entrepreneur, author and trainer
Willin Low, restaurateur and chef
External links
Official website of Victoria Junior College
References
Junior colleges in Singapore
Schools offering Integrated Programme in Singapore
Victoria schools, Singapore
People associated with Victoria schools, Singapore
Educational institutions established in 1984
Marine Parade
1984 establishments in Singapore |
Marko Kristian Kiprusoff (born June 6, 1972) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey defenceman. He is currently an assistant junior coach in Finnish hockey club TPS.
Draft
He was drafted by the Montreal Canadiens as their third-round pick, 70th overall, in the 1994 NHL Entry Draft.
Playing career
SM-liiga Career
Marko Kiprusoff started his hockey career with TPS. Kiprusoff also had a three-game visit to HPK during his earlier seasons in the SM-liiga. Kiprusoff earned a reputation as a solid offensive defenceman at TPS and after his successful performances for the Finnish National team and TPS, Kiprusoff was contracted by the Montreal Canadiens.
Kiprusoff won the SM-liiga championship twice, in 1993 and 1995. Kiprusoff also captured the European Championship with TPS in 1994.
First NHL visit
Kiprusoff spent the 1995–96 season with the Montreal Canadiens but he didn't make much of an impact in the NHL. Kiprusoff played 24 games for the Canadiens and 28 more for Montreal's AHL-affiliate, the Fredericton Canadiens.
Return to Europe
After his initial season in the NHL, Kiprusoff played two seasons in the Swedish Elitserien for Malmö IF, after which he returned to TPS in 1998. Kiprusoff won two more SM-liiga championships with TPS, making him a four-time SM-liiga champion. Kiprusoff then played the 2001–02 with the New York Islanders and played after that for EHC Kloten in Switzerland.
In 2004 Kiprusoff returned again to TPS, where he played until the end of the 2008-09 season. On 21 May 2009 he signed a contract with French team Ducs d'Angers of the Ligue Magnus.
Kiprusoff made a two-year player/coach-contract with the Kuusamon Pallo-Karhut in June 2011. He played in Kuusamo in January 2011, one game, making two points.
International play
Kiprusoff was a mainstay on the Finnish national team during the most of the '90s. Kiprusoff played 198 National Team games and was on the Finnish national team when they won Finland's first Ice Hockey World Championships gold medal in 1995.
Kiprusoff's last international tournament callup was during the 2003 World Championship Tournament.
Awards
Pekka Rautakallio trophy for best defenceman in the SM-liiga - 1995
Raimo Kilpiö trophy for gentleman player in the SM-liiga - 1999
Personal life
He is the older brother of Miikka Kiprusoff.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
See also
List of Olympic medalist families
External links
1972 births
Cleveland Barons (2001–2006) players
Ducs d'Angers players
Finnish ice hockey defencemen
Finnish ice hockey world championship gold medalists
Finnish people of Russian descent
HPK players
Ice hockey players at the 1994 Winter Olympics
EHC Kloten players
KooKoo players
Living people
Malmö Redhawks players
Montreal Canadiens draft picks
Montreal Canadiens players
New York Islanders players
Olympic bronze medalists for Finland
Olympic ice hockey players for Finland
Olympic medalists in ice hockey
Ice hockey people from Turku
HC TPS players
TuTo players
Medalists at the 1994 Winter Olympics |
The 1909 Oklahoma A&M Aggies football team represented Oklahoma A&M College in the 1909 college football season. This was the ninth year of football at A&M and the first under Paul J. Davis. The Aggies played their home games in Stillwater, Oklahoma. They finished the season 5–3.
Schedule
References
Oklahoma AandM
Oklahoma State Cowboys football seasons
Oklahoma AandM Aggies football |
Bickley is an American punk rock band from Houston, Texas, United States, originally active from 1995 until 2001. The band's name is a word derived from Robert De Niro's character in Taxi Driver, Travis Bickle.
Influenced primarily by the likes of The Vindictives, The Queers and Screeching Weasel, Bickley delivered a simple yet powerful sound. Bickley's first full-length studio recording was Pogo Au Go-Go (PaperDoll), a full-length CD issued in 1996. They quickly developed a loyal following in the Houston, Texas area. By 1998, Bickley had been picked up by Fearless Records, and the Pogo Au Go-Go CD was re-released under that label. In late 1998, Bickley released their second CD Kiss The Bunny, also on Fearless records. By this time their fan base extended across the US, and they often toured the Southwest US region, with short stints across the West Coast, East Coast, and the Deep South.
Bickley's final release Fat, Drunk and Stupid captured their raucous live show at their favorite venue, Fitzgerald's, in Houston Texas. Fat, Drunk and Stupid was released in August 2001 through PaperDoll Records.
Bickley were also noted by the music press for the adult content of their songs, and the unique character of lead singer Ben Fondled's voice.
Bickley's core lineup (singer Ben Fondled, guitarist Uncle Dig, and drummer Dave Wreckoning) did not change from the time of their 1998 re-release under Fearless Records. Bickley switched between two bass players in the 1998-2001 period, driven by the availability of the players: Rubio Coconut (from the successful Houston punk rock band, 30 Foot Fall) and Bill Fool. Rubio began touring the country with 30footFALL and Bill was brought in to replace him in late 1997. Matte Finish was the original drummer for the band, and is the drummer on the Down the Hatch 7", on Pogo Au Go-Go, and on some songs that appeared on Kiss the Bunny.
In 2001, at the peak of their popularity, Bickley split up citing the need for more personal time with their respective families. The band has reunited at various times since August 2001 for special benefit and reunion shows.
Bickley (including both Rubio Coconut on bass and Bill Fool on rhythm guitar) recently reunited for one night on July 20, 2013 at Fitzgerald's in Houston, TX for 30footFALL's 20th anniversary show. They re-released Down The Hatch on vinyl and released a greatest hits album entitled, "Good To See You Again, Asshole!", which includes 20 tracks of fan favorites from the band's two studio albums.
They reunited twice in 2015 for their 20th Anniversary Show as well as the 30footFALL Christmas Show, as well as two appearances in 2018 as a memorial for Chris LaForge and the final 30footFALL Christmas Show at Fitzgerald's.
Bickley played their first show in three years in January 2023 at The Black Magic Social Club in Houston for the You Ain't Punk show, playing a set as The Vindictives. This show saw the revamped lineup of Bickley, with Uncle Dig replacing Ben Fondled as lead vocalist, and Greg Urgitate from Monster Soup joining as second guitarist.
Band members
Current
Uncle Dig – guitars (1995–2001; reunions; 2023-present); lead vocals (2023-present)
Greg Urgitate – guitars, backing vocals (2023–present)
Rubio Coconut – bass, backing vocals (1995–1997; reunions; 2023-present)
Dave Wreckoning – drums, backing vocals (1998–2001; reunions; 2023-present)
Former
Ben Fondled - lead vocals (1995-2001; reunions)
Bill Fool - bass, backing vocals (1997-2001; guitars, backing vocals (reunions)
Matte Finish- drums, backing vocals (1995-1998)
Discography
Studio albums
Pogo Au Go-Go (1996) (PaperDoll)
Pogo Au Go-Go (1998) (Fearless) (re-release)
Kiss The Bunny (1998) (Fearless)
Fat, Drunk and Stupid (2001) (PaperDoll)
7" and Tapes
Down The Hatch (1995) (7" on PaperDoll)
Texas Tag Team Up (1998) (7" on Chicken Ranch Records) split w/ The Put-Downs
Compilations
Punk Bites 2 (1999) (Fearless)
Punk til ya Poop (1999) (Bad Stain Records)
Good To See You Again, Asshole! (2013) (Little T&A Records)
See also
30 Foot Fall
References
Musical groups from Houston
Punk rock groups from Texas
Musical groups established in 1995
Musical groups disestablished in 2001
Fearless Records artists |
Württembergische Landesbühne Esslingen is a theatre in Esslingen am Neckar, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
Theatres in Baden-Württemberg |
Szkwa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lelis, within Ostrołęka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately east of Lelis, north-east of Ostrołęka, and north-east of Warsaw.
References
Szkwa |
Reason is an American libertarian monthly magazine published by the Reason Foundation, with the tagline "Free Minds and Free Markets". The magazine aims to produce independent journalism that is "outside of the left/right echo chamber." The magazine has a circulation of around 50,000.
History
Reason was founded in 1968 by Lanny Friedlander (1947–2011), a student at Boston University, as a more-or-less monthly mimeographed publication. In 1970 it was purchased by Robert W. Poole Jr., Manuel S. Klausner, and Tibor R. Machan, who set it on a more regular publishing schedule.
During the 1970s and 80s, the magazine's contributors included Milton Friedman, Murray Rothbard, Thomas Szasz, and Thomas Sowell. In 1978, Poole, Klausner, and Machan created the associated Reason Foundation, in order to expand the magazine's ideas into policy research. Marty Zupan joined Reason in 1975, and served through the 1980s as managing editor and editor-in-chief, leaving in 1989.
Virginia Postrel was editor-in-chief of the magazine from July 1989 to January 2000. She founded the magazine's website in 1995. Nick Gillespie became editor-in-chief in 2000.
In June 2004, subscribers to Reason magazine received a personalized issue that had their name, and a satellite photo of their home or workplace on the cover. The concept was to demonstrate the power of public databases, as well as the customized printing capabilities of Xeikon's printer, according to then editor-in-chief Nick Gillespie. The move was seen by David Carr of The New York Times as "the ultimate in customized publishing", as well as "a remarkable demonstration of the growing number of ways databases can be harnessed."
In 2008, Matt Welch became magazine's editor-in-chief, with Gillespie becoming editor-in-chief of reason.tv. In 2011, Gillespie and Welch published The Declaration of Independents: How Libertarian Politics Can Fix What's Wrong with America.
Katherine Mangu-Ward became the magazine's editor-in-chief in June 2016, with Welch moving to an editor-at-large position. Nick Gillespie is the other editor-at-large of Reason.
Hit & Run
Hit & Run was Reasons group blog. It was maintained and written by the staff of the magazine. It was started in 2002 and discontinued on April 14, 2019, with reason.com's site redesign. Then-editor Gillespie and then-Web editor Tim Cavanaugh, both veterans of Suck.com, modeled the blog in some ways after that website: they brought along several other Suck.com writers to contribute, fostered a style in the blog matching that former website's sarcastic attitude, and even the name "Hit & Run" was taken from what had been a weekly news roundup column on Suck.com. Reason editors referred to this co-opting of the former website as the "Suck-ification of Reason".
In 2005, Hit & Run was named as one of the best political blogs by Playboy.
Reason TV
Reason TV is a YouTube channel affiliated with Reason magazine that produces short-form documentaries and video editorials. Nick Gillespie is editor-in-chief. The site produced a series of videos called The Drew Carey Project hosted by comedian Drew Carey. Reason TV teamed with Carey again in 2009 to produce "Reason Saves Cleveland," in which Carey suggested free market solutions to his hometown's problems.
Since 2010, comedian Remy Munasifi has partnered with Reason TV to produce parody videos. Since 2017, John Stossel has produced more than 100 commentary segments published on the Reason TV YouTube channel.
Reason TV has a playlist called "Great Moments in Unintended Consequences" which examines historical and contemporary examples of government regulations producing unintended consequences.
Reason podcasts
Reason has multiple podcast series, including Reason Roundtable, a weekly podcast in which the editors "discuss and debate the week’s biggest stories and what fresh hell awaits us all".
The Reason Interview with Nick Gillespie, is a podcast series in which editor at large, Nick Gillespie interviews activists, artists, authors, entrepreneurs, newsmakers, and politicians on current issues such as free speech, censorship, gun control, COVID-19 regulations, institutions such as the FBI, geopolitics and more. The podcast occasionally focuses on historical topics, such as pacifism during World War 2 and the philosophical views of Adam Smith and Ayn Rand.
The Soho Forum Debates is moderated by Gene Epstein and features live debates between public intellectuals on current issues such as bitcoin, electric vehicles, government debt, illegal drugs, robotics, and sex work.
The podcast series, Why We Can't Have Nice Things is a six part series about American trade policy and its impacts on the economy, such as the 2022 United States infant formula shortage.
See also
The Declaration of Independents (book)
Reason Foundation
Reason TV
References
External links
Reason Feb. 1976: Special Revisionism Issue
American political websites
Classical liberalism
Libertarian magazines published in the United States
Libertarian publications
Libertarianism in the United States
Magazines established in 1968
Magazines published in California
Monthly magazines published in the United States |
The SKS (, self-loading carbine of (the) Simonov system, 1945) is a semi-automatic rifle designed by Soviet small arms designer Sergei Gavrilovich Simonov in 1945.
The SKS was first produced in the Soviet Union but was later widely exported and manufactured by various nations. Its distinguishing characteristics include a permanently attached folding bayonet and a hinged, fixed magazine. As the SKS lacked select-fire capability and its magazine was limited to ten rounds, it was rendered obsolete in the Soviet Armed Forces by the introduction of the AK-47 in the 1950s. Nevertheless, SKS carbines continued to see service with the Soviet Border Troops, Internal Troops, and second-line and reserve army units for decades.
The SKS was manufactured at Tula Arsenal from 1949 to 1958, and at the Izhevsk Arsenal from 1953 to 1954, resulting in a total Soviet production of about 2.7 million. Throughout the Cold War, millions of additional SKS carbines and their derivatives were also manufactured under license in the People's Republic of China, as well as a number of countries allied with the Eastern Bloc. The SKS was exported in vast quantities and found favour with insurgent forces around the world as a light, handy weapon which was adequate for guerrilla warfare despite its conventional limitations.
Beginning in 1988, millions have also been sold on the civilian market in North America, where they remain popular as hunting and sporting rifles.
Design
The SKS has a conventional layout, with a wooden stock and rifle grip. It is a gas-operated rifle that has a spring-loaded bolt carrier and a gas piston operating rod that work to unlock and cycle the action via gas pressure exerting pressure against them. The bolt is locked to contain the pressure of ignition at the moment of firing by tilting downwards at its rear and being held by a lug milled into the receiver. At the moment of firing, the bolt carrier is pushed rearwards, which causes it to lift the bolt, unlocking it, and allowing it to be carried rearwards against a spring. This allows the fired case to be ejected and a new round from the magazine to be carried into the chamber. The SKS represents an intermediate step in the process towards the development of true assault rifles, being shorter and less powerful than the semi-automatic rifles that preceded it, such as the Soviet SVT-40, but being longer (by 10 cm/4 in) than AK-series rifles which replaced it. As a result, it has a slightly higher muzzle velocity than those arms that replaced it.
The SKS's ten-round internal box magazine can be loaded either by hand or from a stripper clip. Cartridges stored in the magazine can be removed by pulling back on a latch located forward of the trigger guard (thus opening the "floor" of the magazine and allowing the rounds to fall out). In typical military use, the stripper clips are disposable. If necessary, they can be reloaded multiple times and reused.
While early (1949–50) Soviet models had spring-loaded firing pins, which held the pin away from cartridge primers until struck by the action's hammer, most variants of the SKS have a free-floating firing pin within the bolt. Because of this design, care must be taken during cleaning (especially after long storage packed in cosmoline) to ensure that the firing pin can freely move and does not stick in the forward position within the bolt. SKS firing pins that are stuck in the forward position have been known to cause accidental "slamfires" (the rifle firing on its own, without pulling the trigger and often without being fully locked). This behavior is less likely with the hard primer military-spec ammo for which the SKS was designed, but as with any rifle, users should properly maintain their firearms. For collectors, slamfires are more likely when the bolt still has remnants of cosmoline embedded in it that retards firing pin movement. As it is triangular in cross section with only one way to properly insert it (notches up), slamfires can also result if the firing pin is inserted in one of the other two orientations.
In most variants (Yugoslav models being the most notable exception), the barrel is chrome-lined for increased wear and heat tolerance from sustained fire and to resist corrosion from chlorate-primed corrosive ammunition, as well as to facilitate cleaning. Chrome bore lining is common in military rifles. Although it can diminish precision, its effect on practical accuracy in a rifle of this type is limited.
The front sight has a hooded post. The rear sight is an open notch type which is adjustable for elevation from . There is also an all-purpose "battle" setting on the sight ladder (marked "П", for "Прямой выстрел", meaning "Straight shot"), set for . This is attained by moving the elevation slide to the rear of the ladder as far as it will go. The Yugoslav M59/66A1 has folddown luminous sights for use when firing under poor light conditions, while the older M59 and M59/66 do not.
All military SKSs have a bayonet attached to the underside of the barrel, which is extended and retracted via a spring-loaded hinge. Both blade and spike bayonets were produced. Spike bayonets were used on the 1949 Tula Russian SKS-45, the Chinese Type 56 from mid 1964 onward, and the Albanian Model 561. The Yugoslavian-made M59/66 and M59/66A1 variants are the only SKS models with an integral grenade launching attachment.
The SKS is easily field stripped and reassembled without specialized tools, and the trigger group and magazine can be removed with an unfired cartridge, or with the receiver cover. The rifle has a cleaning kit stored in a trapdoor in the buttstock, with a cleaning rod running under the barrel, in the same style as the AK-47. The cap for the cleaning kit also serves as a cleaning rod guide, to protect the crown from being damaged during cleaning. The body of the cleaning kit serves as the cleaning rod handle. In common with some other Soviet-era designs, it trades some accuracy for ruggedness, reliability, ease of maintenance, ease of use, and low manufacturing cost.
Development history
The Soviet Union utilized a number of semi-automatic as well as select-fire rifles during World War II, namely the AVS-36, SVT-38, and the SVT-40. However, the primary service rifle of the Red Army remained the bolt-action Mosin-Nagant, which fired the powerful but heavy 7.62×54mmR round. Even prior to the war, the Red Army had recognized that these weapons were obsolete and initiated a program to modernize its existing small arms, although this was interrupted by the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941. Among the military development programs the Soviet Union had monitored in other countries were the Finnish, Swiss, and German developments in intermediate rifle cartridges. These had limited range and muzzle velocity compared to the 7.62x54mmR and other contemporary rifle rounds such as the 7.92×57mm Mauser and the .30-06 Springfield, but also possessed numerous advantages: they were cheaper to manufacture, permitted easier weapons handling due to their much-reduced recoil and muzzle blast, and enabled infantry to carry more due to their small size and light weight. They could also be fired from shorter and lighter rifles. The Red Army's interest in an intermediate cartridge was piqued when stocks of 7.92×33mm Kurz ammunition were captured from the Wehrmacht, and by the end of 1943, Soviet technicians had developed a similar cartridge based closely on the German design, the 7.62x39mm M43. Early trials showed that the new round had the penetrative capacity to pierce three panels of plywood, each of 2.25 cm thickness, at a six hundred meter range. Red Army officials believed this was more than enough power to wound or kill a soldier at typical battlefield range. Limited production of the new ammunition type commenced in 1944.
Hurried efforts were made to develop a rifle capable of firing the new cartridge, and the first prominent design was produced by Sergei Gavrilovich Simonov. This became known as the Samozaryadny Karabin sistemy Simonova (SKS), or Simonov's self-loading carbine system. Simonov had already been working on a new semi-automatic carbine chambered for a lighter cartridge as early as 1941, owing to recent complaints about the effectiveness of the SVT-40. His earliest prototypes were chambered for the 7.62×25mm Tokarev pistol cartridge, which was also used in the PPSh-41 submachine gun. He also built at least one prototype chambered for the larger 7.62x54mmR cartridge. Unlike previous Soviet semi-automatic rifles, these utilized fixed ten-round magazines loaded from stripper clips. Simonov's design was based on the operating mechanism of the PTRS-41 anti-tank rifle he'd previously developed for the Red Army the same year. Red Army evaluation of the prototypes was shelved due to the German invasion, and did not resume until Simonov rechambered and modified his weapon to accommodate the 7.62x39mm cartridge in 1944.
The SKS was light, simple, and considerably shorter than the Mosin-Nagant, which made it easier to handle in dense foliage and urban environments. Simonov deliberately designed the SKS with loose-fitting parts, making it less likely to jam when dirty, inadequately lubricated, or clogged with carbon residue. This was a notable departure from the relatively tight tolerances on the previous generation of Soviet semi-automatic rifles, and was also part of the design process of the AK-47. The SKS was officially designated as a carbine, although it did not fulfill the same role as the M1 carbine used in the United States Army at the time, and more resembled a traditional infantry rifle both in terms of design and envisaged role. Simonov's early 7.62x39mm models were quickly pressed into service, and saw action with troops of the 1st Belorussian Front during the final months of World War II. The SKS was still undergoing active field trials when Germany surrendered to the Allies in May 1945. Mass production was delayed while the SKS underwent minor technical changes and alterations as a result of its trial performance during that conflict. By the end of the 1940s, it finally superseded the various models of the Mosin-Nagant as the standard Soviet infantry rifle.
The AK-47 assault rifle and the RPD machine gun, both firing the same 7.62x39mm cartridge, were introduced into Soviet service around the same time to complement the SKS. During the 1950s, the Soviet Army rapidly mechanized its existing infantry formations, shifting primarily from light infantry on foot to a much more mobile force deploying from armored vehicles. This fundamental shift in tactics called for large volumes of automatic fire to be delivered from moving vehicles, and the AK-47, with its select-fire capability, compact size, and larger detachable magazine, was more appropriate for this role than the SKS. As a result, the AK-47 gradually replaced the SKS as the standard service rifle of the Soviet Army throughout the 1950s. A US Army review of Soviet tactics and weapons found that "the SKS was phased out of infantry use in the late 1950s, not because of any inherent faults, but because a radical change in Soviet tactics rendered it obsolete." However, even at the time of its introduction, Soviet military strategists had always desired an infantry rifle with more firepower than the SKS. They needed a weapon that better permitted the infantry to give massed automatic fire during an offensive. Military historian Edward Ezell suggested that the SKS was always intended to be an interim solution, and the Soviets simply pushed it into production because they wanted any rifle chambered for the 7.62x39mm cartridge in general service as soon as possible, while a select-fire assault rifle was still being perfected.
In June 1955, the Soviet Union hosted a military and civilian delegation from the People's Republic of China led by General Zhao Erlu. The Chinese delegation was given a tour of the Tula Arms Plant, where they observed the assembly of SKS carbines. General Erlu expressed an interest in acquiring the technology for the SKS, as China had previously only been granted a license to produce the Mosin-Nagant, which was by then a rather antiquidated design. After negotiations between Mao Zedong and Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev, the Soviet Union agreed to transfer the technology for the SKS, as well as the AK-47 and the 7.62x39mm cartridge. Parallel production lines for the SKS and the AK-47 were set up in China the following year. Chinese production of the SKS continued for decades after it ceased in the Soviet Union, and over nine million had been manufactured as the Type 56 carbine in that country by the 1980s.
In terms of production numbers, the SKS was the ninth most produced self-loading rifle design in history. Nearly all the Warsaw Pact member states adopted the SKS at one time or another, and technical specifications to produce the carbine were shared with the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) and Romania. With the assistance of Soviet or Chinese technicians and generous military grants, armaments factories producing SKS carbines were later established in North Vietnam, North Korea, Yugoslavia, and Albania as well.
While remaining far less ubiquitous than the AK-47, both original Soviet rifles and foreign variants can still be found today in civilian hands as well as in the arsenals of insurgent groups and paramilitary forces around the world. The SKS has been circulated in up to 69 countries, both by national governments and non-state actors. In 2016, it was still being widely circulated among civilians and non-state actors in at least five of those countries and remained in the reserve and training inventories of over 50 national armies.
Service history
A few years after the SKS was brought into service in 1949, it was rendered obsolete for the Soviet military by the new AK-47, which was adopted in increasing numbers by Soviet front-line units throughout the 1950s. The SKS was used by Soviet troops and Hungarian partisans alike during the 1956 Hungarian Revolution. Thereafter, while the SKS was retained for various auxiliary duties, it ceased to have any real military significance in the Soviet Union. Only a small number remained in active service, mostly with support units, until the 1980s. However, the SKS found a longer second life in the service of various Soviet-aligned nations, in particular the People's Republic of China. The Chinese state manufactured it for decades after production had ceased in the Soviet Union, mainly to arm its vast military reserves and militia forces. The SKS was also in general issue with regular units of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) for thirty years as the Type 56 carbine. In 1978, the typical PLA infantry battalion was armed with 360 Type 56 carbines and 221 Type 56 assault rifles. PLA forces armed primarily with Type 56 carbines fought Soviet troops armed primarily with AK-47s during the Sino-Soviet border conflict. During the Sino-Vietnamese War, PLA infantry still armed primarily with Type 56 carbines engaged Vietnamese infantry armed with the same weapon and its Soviet equivalent. The conflict was notable in that both sides commonly fielded the Type 56/SKS alongside AK-pattern automatic rifles, although the Vietnamese forces had largely transitioned to the latter while the PLA had not.
Before adopting domestic AK-47 derivatives, a number of non-aligned nations such as Egypt and Yugoslavia adopted the SKS as a standard service rifle. The Egyptian Army used the SKS extensively during the Suez Crisis, and a number were captured and evaluated by Western intelligence agencies in the aftermath of that conflict. Some Egyptian forces were still armed with the SKS as late as the Six Day War, which saw thousands of the carbines captured by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). During its own evaluation of the weapon, the IDF described the SKS as "first rate in several respects" but noted the difficulty of loading the fixed magazine quickly with stripper clips, especially during night fighting operations when visibility was poor.
Beginning in the 1960s, vast quantities of obsolete and redundant SKS carbines from military reserve stocks were donated by the Soviet Union and China to left-wing guerrilla movements around the world. The increasing ubiquity of the SKS altered the dynamics of asymmetric warfare in developing nations and colonial territories, where most guerrillas had previously been armed with bolt-action rifles. For example, the SKS served as one of the primary arms of the Viet Cong during the Vietnam War. The weapon type was encountered so frequently by the United States Armed Forces in Vietnam that captured examples were used by opposing force (OPFOR) units during training exercises designed to simulate battlefield conditions there as early as 1969. Captured SKS carbines were also prized as war trophies among individual US military personnel, and a number were brought back to the United States by returning veterans over the course of the Vietnam conflict.
The SKS found particular favour in southern Africa, where it was used by a number of insurgent armies fighting to overthrow colonial rule in Angola, Rhodesia (Zimbabwe), and South West Africa (Namibia). The National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) used Type 56 carbines during its long-running insurgency against the postcolonial Angolan government from 1975 to 2002. The SKS was also used in large quantities by uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK), armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC) in South Africa. Between 1963 and 1990, the Soviet Union shipped 3,362 SKS carbines to MK through the guerrillas' external sanctuaries in Angola and Tanzania. SKS carbines captured from MK by the South African security forces were used to arm militias of the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) during its internal power struggle with the ANC in the 1980s and 1990s.
East Germany and the Soviet Union both armed various factions of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) with SKS carbines from the 1950s through the 1970s; these were used against the IDF and in various internecine clashes during the Lebanese Civil War. The Soviet carbines were initially shipped to PLO training camps in Egypt, where the Egyptian Army provided instructors to train PLO fighters in their use.
A number of Type 56 carbines were acquired and used alongside the more ubiquitous AK-pattern rifles by the Provisional Irish Republican Army during the Troubles. China also supplied the Afghan mujahidin with Type 56 carbines during the early years of the Soviet–Afghan War. During the Dhofar Rebellion, SKS carbines were smuggled into Oman by sea, most likely by the Soviet Union, to arm Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman (PFLO) insurgents there. The Eritrean Liberation Front used large numbers of SKS carbines during the Eritrean War of Independence. The Communist Party of Thailand (CPT) used the SKS during its insurgency until the early 1980s, when it ceased militant operations. Cuban and Grenadian military forces used the SKS during the 1983 US invasion of Grenada. The US Army captured 4,074 SKS carbines during the invasion, mostly from arms depots.
By the early 1980s, the SKS had been almost entirely superseded in worldwide military service by the AK-47 and its derivatives. The increasing proliferation of cheap AK-pattern rifles in most asymmetric conflicts also ended the popularity of the SKS as a standard guerrilla arm. At that time, the majority of the remaining carbines still in active use were being issued to state-sponsored militias and other paramilitary formations for internal security duties. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, SKS carbines proliferated in various civil wars and regional conflicts throughout the former Soviet republics, including the War in Abkhazia, War of Dagestan, and the war in Donbas. In 2016, the SKS remained in the reserve stockpiles of over 50 national armies, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa and the former Soviet bloc.
Variants
After World War II, the SKS design was licensed or sold to a number of the Soviet Union's allies, including China, Yugoslavia, Albania, North Korea, North Vietnam, East Germany, Romania, and Poland. Most of these nations produced nearly identical variants, with the most common modifications being differing styles of bayonets and the 22 mm rifle grenade launcher commonly seen on Yugoslavian models.
Soviet
Differences from the "baseline" late Russian Tula Armory/Izhevsk Armory SKS:
Variations (1949–1958): Early Spike-style bayonet (1949) instead of blade-style. Spring-return firing pin was present on early models, and they did not have chrome bores (1949 – early 1951). The gas block had three changes: The first production stage gas block, used from 1949 through early 1950, was squared-off at a 90-degree angle. The second gas block production stage was instead cut at a 45-degree angle, seen on late 1950 to 1951 rifles. The third and final gas block stage, from 1952 through to 1956, was curved inward slightly toward the action.
Honor Guard: All-chrome metal parts, with a lighter-colored wood stock.
OP-SKS. Many military surplus Soviet SKS were converted into hunting rifles by the Molot ("Hammer") factory in Vyatskiye Polyany (Russian: Вятско-Полянский машиностроительный завод «Молот», English: Vyatskiye Polyany Machine-Building Plant). These were labeled OP (OP = охотничье-промысловый > okhotnich'ye-promyslovyy > "commercial hunting (carbine)"). The OP-SKS continued to be manufactured into the 2000s.
Chinese
Type 56 (1956–today): Numerous minor tweaks, including lack of milling on the bolt carrier, partially or fully stamped (as opposed to milled) receivers, and differing types of thumb rest on the take down lever. The Chinese continually revised the SKS manufacturing process, so variation can be seen even between two examples from the same factory. All of the Type 56 carbine rifles have been removed from military service, except a few being used for ceremonial purposes and by local Chinese Militias. Type 56 carbines with serial numbers below 9,000,000 have the Russian-style blade-type folding bayonet, while those 9,000,000 and higher have a "spike" type folding bayonet. Some early examples are known as "Sino-Soviet", meaning they were produced by China, but with cooperation from Russian "advisers" who helped regulate the factories and provided the design specifications and perhaps even Soviet-manufactured parts. Bangladesh Ordnance Factories produced Type 56 under license until 2006.
Experimental stamped receiver: Very rare. A small number of Type 56 SKS rifles were manufactured with experimental stamped sheet metal receivers as a cost and weight saving measure but did not enter large scale production.
Honor Guard: Mostly, but not all, chromed metal parts. Does not generally have the lighter-colored stock as the Soviet Honor Guard variant.
Type 63, 68, 73, 81, 84: these rifles shared features from several East-Bloc rifles (SKS, AK-47, Dragunov). AK-47 style rotary bolt and detachable magazine. The Type 63 featured a stamped sheet-steel receiver. The Type 81 is an upgraded Type 63 with a three-round burst capability, some of which (Type 81–1) have a folding stock. The Type 84 (known as an SKK) returns to semi-auto fire only, is modified to accept AK-47 magazines, and has a shorter paratrooper barrel. However, Chinese Type 84s could not accept AK mags without some handfitting, and the mags were serialized. In addition, AK mags don't work with the SKS bolt-hold-open system, so the Type 84 used a button on top of the bolt carrier to lock it into place.
Commercial production: Blonde wood ("Chu wood"/"Qiu wood") stock instead of dark wood, spike bayonet instead of blade, bayonet retaining bolt replaced with a rivet. Sub-variants include the M21, "Cowboy's Companion", Hunter, Models D/M, Paratrooper, Sharpshooter, and Sporter.
Model D rifles used military style stocks and had bayonet lugs (although some were imported eliminated bayonet, and some examples eliminated the lug to meet changing US import restrictions).
Model M rifles had no bayonet lug and used either a thumb hole or Monte Carlo–style stock. Both Model D and M used AK-47 magazines and as a result had no bolt hold open feature on the rifle.
Other European
Romanian M56: Produced between 1957 and 1960. Typically, they are identical or nearly identical to the late Soviet model.
Polish SKS (ksS): Refurbished Soviet rifles. Polish laminated stocks lack storage area in back of stock for cleaning kit. A few hundred SKS's were given to Poland by the Soviet Union around 1954. While never adopted for use by combat units, the SKS is still in use in ceremonial units of the Polish Army, Air Force, Navy where they replaced SVT rifles. Honor guards of the Polish Police and Border Guard also use SKS carbines. In Polish service they are known as ksS which stands for karabin samopowtarzalny Simonowa, Simonov's semi-automatic rifle. These rifles since have been slowly replaced by the new Polish rifle design, the MSBS.
Yugoslavian PAP M59: Manufactured by Zastava Arms between 1959 and 1966. Barrel is not chrome-lined. PAP stands for "Polu-automatska puška" (Semi-automatic rifle) and the rifle was nicknamed "Papovka". Otherwise this rifle is nearly identical to the Soviet version. Many were converted to the M59/66 variant during refurbishment.
Yugoslavian PAP M59/66: Produced between 1967 and 1989. Added 22 mm rifle grenade launcher which appears visually like a flash suppressor or muzzle brake on the end of the barrel. Front sight has a fold-up "ladder" for use in grenade sighting. To raise the grenade sight, the gas port must be manually blocked and the action must be manually cycled—rifle grenades must be fired with special blank cartridges, and this feature helps ensure that the gas pressure is not wasted on cycling the action. The gas port must be manually opened to again allow semi-automatic operation. Barrel was not chrome-lined. Both the grenade launcher and grenade sight are NATO spec. Stock is typically made from beech wood.
Yugoslavian PAP M59/66A1: Same as above, except with the addition of flip up phosphorescent or tritium night sights.
Albanian SKS: Produced between 1967 and 1978. There were no rifles produced from 1972 to 1975. Produced by the UM GRAMSH factory located in Gramsh, Albania. Longer stock and handguard on the gas tube, and AK style charging handle. The magazine is slightly different in the shape visible from the outside. The stock has two compartments with two corresponding holes in the buttplate for cleaning implements instead of the single cleaning kit pocket. Like the Chinese Type 56 carbine, the Albanian version also features a spike bayonet fixed beneath the muzzle.
East German Karabiner-S: Extremely rare. Slot cut into back of stock for pull-through sling, similar to the slot in a Karabiner 98k. No storage area in back of stock or storage for cleaning rod under barrel. It is believed to have been produced at the J.P. Sauer & Sohn facility in Suhl.
Other Asian
North Korean Type 63: At least three separate models were made. One "standard" model with blade bayonet, and a second with a gas shutoff and a grenade launcher, similar to the M59/66. The North Korean grenade launcher was detachable from the muzzle and the gas shutoff was different from the Yugoslavian model, however. A third model appears to have side-swinging bayonet.
Vietnamese Type 1: Nearly identical to both the Soviet and early Chinese SKS. These are identified by a small star on the receiver with a 1 in the center. The barrel is chromed, as are many of the internal parts. They were assembled in a small arms factory with Chinese assistance located 12 km north of Yên Bái with 6,000 SKS rifles made between 1962 and 1965 when the factory was closed to American bombing raids.
Vietnamese clone: The Viet Cong manufactured somewhat rudimentary copies of the SKS, which are sometimes seen with crude finish and obvious tool markings.
Conflicts
In the more than 70 years of use worldwide, the SKS has seen use in conflicts all over the world.
Korean War
Algerian War
Bangladesh Liberation War
Suez crisis
Vietnam War
Hungarian Revolution of 1956
Portuguese Colonial War
Rhodesian Bush War
South African Border War
The Troubles
Six Day War
Sino-Soviet border conflict
Ethiopian Civil War
Lebanese Civil War
Shaba II
Soviet–Afghan War
Tuareg rebellion (1990–1995)
Yugoslav Wars
War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)
Algerian Civil War
Burundian Civil War
Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997–99)
1999 East Timorese crisis
Iraq War
Kivu conflict
Northern Mali conflict
War in Donbas (2014–2022)
Users
– ceremonial purposes
– Bangladesh Ordnance Factories produced Chinese Type 56 under license till 2006. Currently used by BGB, police and BNCC.
: National Guards Unit
: Type 56 variant. Used for ceremonial purposes.
: Type 56 variant.
Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (in Democratic Republic of Congo)
– ceremonial purposes
- ceremonial purposes
: Used by the Kenya Police Reserve.
: used by the Palestinian Honor Guard. SKS were also used by PLO troops in the 1970s
– ceremonial use
– ceremonial purposes
: Used as ceremonial rifle
– ceremonial purposes
: Ceremonial and militia purposes.
: Zastava M59 variant.
: Type 56 variant; ceremonial and militia purposes.
Former users
: Type 56 variant.
: Retired from front-line service in the mid-1950s, retired from second-line service in the 1980s.
: Zastava M59/66 variant.
Commercial sales and sporting use
United States
Initially, the SKS was a rarity in the US, with the only examples being souvenirs brought back by returning veterans of the Vietnam War. Beginning in 1988, thousands of surplus and newly manufactured Chinese Type 56 carbines were imported in the US. Russia also began exporting the SKS to the US during the early 1990s as well.
Due to the high volume of initial imports, the SKS became one of the most affordable centerfire rifles available to American sports shooters, retailing at an average of $70 per weapon in 1994. Between 1988 and 1998, several million SKS carbines exported from China and the former Soviet Union were sold on the commercial market in the US.
Canada
The SKS rifle is very popular in Canada, with some users referring to it as “Canada’s rifle.”
While the SKS is imported for commercial sales in Canada, it is affected by Canadian firearms legislation, which prohibits high capacity magazines.
Under Canadian law, the SKS is classified as a non-restricted firearm provided the magazine has been modified to accept five rounds or retrofitted with entirely new five-shot magazines. When the Liberal government of Justin Trudeau introduced an amendment to the pending Bill C-21 that would have expanded and changed the basis for classifying assault weapons under the law, the resulting ban on the SKS was a particular point of contention because it is widely used for hunting, notably by First Nations in Canada. The leadership of the Assembly of First Nations voted unanimously to express opposition to the amendment. The amendment was eventually withdrawn due to the widespread opposition.
See also
vz. 52 rifle
References
External links
Soviet SKS Operation Manual from 1974
Simonov SKS (CKC45g)
Why is the SKS Rifle Popular?
7.62×39mm semi-automatic rifles
Cold War firearms of the Soviet Union
Semi-automatic rifles of the Soviet Union
Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1945
World War II infantry weapons of the Soviet Union
World War II semi-automatic rifles
Carbines
Short stroke piston firearms
Rifles of the Cold War
Infantry weapons of the Cold War
Tula Arms Plant products |
Carillon Senior Hockey League was a Canadian senior men's ice hockey league that plays out of southeastern Manitoba. It is affiliated with Hockey Manitoba, the provincial branch of Hockey Canada.
History
The league was created in 2003 on the premise that local teams should have local players. The existing senior league at the time, the Hanover-Taché Hockey League (HTHL), included a large number of imported players. During its first season, the CSHL was operated as an independent league and did not have accreditation from Hockey Manitoba. Three teams competed that season (Landmark Dutchmen, Mitchell Mohawks, Ste. Anne Aces) with Mitchell winning the championship.
In its second season, the CSHL was accepted by Hockey Manitoba. The league doubled to six teams, with the Grunthal Red Wings, St. Adolphe Hawks and Steinbach Huskies being accepted. Mitchell once again won the championship.
Prior to the third season, the rival HTHL folded, and two teams joined the CSHL: the La Broquerie Habs and St. Malo Warriors. This brought the league total of teams to eight. The La Broquerie Habs defeated the Ste Anne Aces in four-straight games to claim the league championship.
In its fourth season, the Steinbach Huskies went on hiatus while the Landmark Dutchmen folded, leaving the league with six teams yet again. The La Broquerie Habs defeated Ste. Anne in five games to claim their second straight league title. In provincial competition, the La Broquerie Habs won the Manitoba Senior 'A' provincial championship.
The Steinbach Huskies rejoined the league for the 2007-08 season, while Grunthal Red Wings went on hiatus. This season produced a new champion, the Ste. Anne Aces, who defeated St. Malo in seven games to become the champions.
The following season, it was the St. Malo Warriors that ended a 21-year championship drought and captured their first CSHL title. The final was a rather quick series as St. Malo won in five games, winning the cup at home against the Ste. Anne Aces. The 2008-09 season was a special year for hockey in St. Malo as both the Senior Warriors and the Junior 'B' Warriors of the Keystone Junior Hockey League captured their respective titles in the same year for the first time in the town's history.
In 2009-10 season, the Steinbach Huskies won both the CSHL championship and the Manitoba Provincial 'A' Championship. The Huskies followed up their provincial championship by defeating La Broqerie in the seventh game of the finals the following day. Captain Mike Martens scored with 3:13 left in the third period to clinch the victory. The championship was a first for the Steinbach team in the CSHL, and the first local league title since the Huskies won the Hanover-Tache Hockey League in 1993-94. The Huskies repeated as champions the following season.
In only their second season in the CSHL, the Niverville Clippers captured their first league title in 2012, sweeping La Broquerie in four games.
The CSHL's last season of play was 2019-20. After two cancelled seasons due to the Coronavirus pandemic, the league formally ceased operations in 2022.
Teams
Grunthal Redwings (2004-20)
Ile des Chênes North Stars (2020-22)
La Broquerie Habs (2005-19)
Lac du Bonnet Blues (2005-19)
Landmark Dutchmen (2003-06)
Mitchell Mohawks (2003-13)
Niverville Clippers (2010-13)
Red River Wild (2010-22)
Springfield 98s (2012-17)
Steinbach Huskies (2004-19)
St. Adolphe Hawks (2004-09)
St Malo Warriors (2005-16)
Ste. Anne Aces (2003-22)
Champions
Each season, the winner of the playoffs is crowned league champion. The CHSL champion compete against Manitoba's other senior league champions for the Manitoba Senior 'A' Provincial Championship.
See also
Hanover-Taché Hockey League
Hanover Tache Junior Hockey League
References
External links
Carillon Senior Hockey League website
Hockey Manitoba
Ice hockey leagues in Manitoba
Sport in Eastman Region, Manitoba
Senior ice hockey
Sports leagues established in 2003
2003 establishments in Manitoba
2022 disestablishments in Canada |
Kyoto Prefectural Library (京都府立図書館 Kyōto Furitsu Toshokan) is a prefectural library located in Seishoji-cho 9, Okazaki, Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture. It was established in 1873, and is supported by the Kyoto prefectural government.
History
1873: Opened as Shushoin Library (Closed 1882)
1898: Opened as the Kyoto Prefectural Library in Kyoto-gyoen
1909: Opened as the Kyoto Prefectural Library in Okazaki, Kyoto
1963: Many books transferred to the Kyoto Prefectural Library and Archives
1995: The main building suffered serious damage in the Great Hanshin earthquake
2001: Opened as a new building
Branch libraries
1949: Kawaramachi Branch Library opened (Closed May 1976)
1950: Fushimi Branch Library opened. (Closed March 1988)
1950: Miyazu Region Branch Library opened. (Closed March 1997)
1950: Ayabe Region Branch Library opened. (Closed September 1966)
1950: Mineyama Region Branch Library opened. (Closed March 1997)
1951: Kamigyo Branch Library opened. (Closed May 1976)
1952: Sonobe Region Branch Library opened. (Closed November 1966)
1952: Kitakuwata Region Branch Library opened. (Closed March 1980)
1952: Kizu Region Branch Library opened. (Closed March 1975)
1957: Nakagyo Branch Library opened by taking over administration of Kawaramachi Branch Library. (Closed March 2001)
Further reading
External links
Libraries in Japan |
Kelly E. Magsamen is an American foreign policy and national security advisor serving as the chief of staff to the United States Secretary of Defense in the Biden administration. She was previously the vice president for national security and international policy at the Center for American Progress.
Education
She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from American University and a Master of Arts from Johns Hopkins University.
Career
Magsamen began her career at the United States Department of State, specializing in Iraq policy. She later served as the principal deputy assistant secretary of defense for Asian and Pacific Security Affairs, where she managed strategy related to Asia and the South China Sea. During the Obama administration, Magsamen worked as a staffer on the United States National Security Council.
Magsamen has appeared as a commentator NPR. She has written op-ed columns on national security issues for Defense One, Foreign Policy, The Washington Post, The Hill, and others.
References
External links
Living people
United States Department of Defense officials
Obama administration personnel
Biden administration personnel
American University alumni
Johns Hopkins University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Agapito Conchu, also known as Agapito Concho (born 1895, date of death unknown) was a Filipino silent film director of the mid-1930s.
He was born in 1895 and made his directorial debut in the silent movie film Ang Magpapawid (The Roofmaker).
After the "talkies" came to the Philippines, he directed Mahiwagang Biyolin (The Magical Violin), which is a semi-fantasy movie together with a new face, Manuel Conde, who would become a great actor.
Conchu made one horror-flick, Sumpa ng Aswang (Curse of the Devil) with Monang Carvajal and a nationalistic film, Hagase Tu Voluntad.
He specialized in directing dramas, from his first movie Hatol ng Langit (Judged of Heaven) to Awit ng Pag-ibig (The Song of Love), Buhok ni Ester (The Hair of Ester) and Ama (Father) which was his last movie.
Filmography
1932 – Ang Magpapawid
1935 - Mahiwagang Biyolin
1935 - Hatol ng Langit
1935 - Awit ng Pag-ibig
1935 - Sumpa ng Aswang
1936 - Buhok ni Ester
1936 - Hagase Tu Voluntad
1936 - Ama
References
Filipino film directors
1895 births
Year of death missing |
Euryhaline organisms are able to adapt to a wide range of salinities. An example of a euryhaline fish is the molly (Poecilia sphenops) which can live in fresh water, brackish water, or salt water.
The green crab (Carcinus maenas) is an example of a euryhaline invertebrate that can live in salt and brackish water. Euryhaline organisms are commonly found in habitats such as estuaries and tide pools where the salinity changes regularly. However, some organisms are euryhaline because their life cycle involves migration between freshwater and marine environments, as is the case with salmon and eels.
The opposite of euryhaline organisms are stenohaline ones, which can only survive within a narrow range of salinities. Most freshwater organisms are stenohaline, and will die in seawater, and similarly most marine organisms are stenohaline, and cannot live in fresh water.
Osmoregulation
Osmoregulation is the active process by which an organism maintains its level of water content. The osmotic pressure in the body is homeostatically regulated in such a manner that it keeps the organism's fluids from becoming too diluted or too concentrated. Osmotic pressure is a measure of the tendency of water to move into one solution from another by osmosis.
Two major types of osmoregulation are osmoconformers and osmoregulators. Osmoconformers match their body osmolarity to their environment actively or passively. Most marine invertebrates are osmoconformers, although their ionic composition may be different from that of seawater.
Osmoregulators tightly regulate their body osmolarity, which always stays constant, and are more common in the animal kingdom. Osmoregulators actively control salt concentrations despite the salt concentrations in the environment. An example is freshwater fish. The gills actively uptake salt from the environment by the use of mitochondria-rich cells. Water will diffuse into the fish, so it excretes a very hypotonic (dilute) urine to expel all the excess water. A marine fish has an internal osmotic concentration lower than that of the surrounding seawater, so it tends to lose water (to the more negative surroundings) and gain salt. It actively excretes salt out from the gills. Most fish are stenohaline, which means they are restricted to either salt or fresh water and cannot survive in water with a different salt concentration than they are adapted to. However, some fish show a tremendous ability to effectively osmoregulate across a broad range of salinities; fish with this ability are known as euryhaline species, e.g., salmon. Salmon has been observed to inhabit two utterly disparate environments — marine and fresh water — and it is inherent to adapt to both by bringing in behavioral and physiological modifications.
Some marine fish, like sharks, have adopted a different, efficient mechanism to conserve water, i.e., osmoregulation. They retain urea in their blood in relatively higher concentration. Urea is damaging to living tissue so, to cope with this problem, some fish retain trimethylamine oxide. This provides a better solution to urea's toxicity. Sharks, having slightly higher solute concentration (i.e., above 1000 mOsm which is sea solute concentration), do not drink water like marine fish.
Euryhaline fish
The level of salinity in intertidal zones can also be quite variable. Low salinities can be caused by rainwater or river inputs of freshwater. Estuarine species must be especially euryhaline, or able to tolerate a wide range of salinities. High salinities occur in locations with high evaporation rates, such as in salt marshes and high intertidal pools. Shading by plants, especially in the salt marsh, can slow evaporation and thus ameliorate salinity stress. In addition, salt marsh plants tolerate high salinities by several physiological mechanisms, including excreting salt through salt glands and preventing salt uptake into the roots.
Despite having a regular freshwater presence, the Atlantic stingray is physiologically euryhaline and no population has evolved the specialized osmoregulatory mechanisms found in the river stingrays of the family Potamotrygonidae. This may be due to the relatively recent date of freshwater colonization (under one million years), and/or possibly incomplete genetic isolation of the freshwater populations, as they remain capable of surviving in salt water. Freshwater Atlantic stingrays have only 30-50% the concentration of urea and other osmolytes in their blood compared to marine populations. However, the osmotic pressure between their internal fluids and external environment still causes water to diffuse into their bodies, and they must produce large quantities of dilute urine (at 10 times the rate of marine individuals) to compensate.
Partial list
Atlantic stingray
Bull shark
Green chromide
Herring
Lamprey
Mummichog
Molly
Guppy
Puffer fish
Salmon
Shad
Striped bass
Sturgeon
Tilapia
Trout
Barramundi
Mangrove jack
White perch
Killifish
Desert pupfish
Other euryhaline organisms
See also
Fish migration
Osmoregulation
Stenohaline
Osmoconformer
References
Aquatic ecology |
Walter Finlay O'Hearn (16 October 1890 – 16 September 1950) was an Australian politician, elected as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly.
O'Hearn was born in West Maitland and educated to primary level. He worked at East Greta mine, but lost an arm and leg in pit-top accident. He became a poultry farmer and was later secretary of a small mining company at Leuth Park. He married Catherine Ellen Walsh in 1918 and they had three daughters and two sons.
O'Hearn was elected as a Labor Party member for the Maitland in 1920 and retained the seat until 1932. He died in Maitland.
Notes
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
1890 births
1950 deaths
People from Maitland, New South Wales
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of New South Wales
20th-century Australian politicians |
Timothy C. Mitchell (born 5 April 1963) is a Grammy winning music record producer, songwriter, and guitarist from Detroit, Michigan.
Early life
Mitchell was born on April 5, 1963, to Dr. David Mitchell and Edith Mitchell (née Clements) at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan, where his father was an orthopedic surgeon. He was the youngest of three children, following sister Peyton and brother David. He grew up in Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan, and attended Interlochen Arts Academy, an independent high school dedicated to the arts in Interlochen, Michigan. He then went on to graduate from the School of Music at the University of Miami.
Career
Bob Seger
In 1996, he played and toured in Bob Seger's band and co-wrote three songs with Seger, for his It's a Mystery album: "Lock and Load," "Hands in the Air," and "Revisionism Street."
Shakira
Mitchell produced Shakira's MTV Unplugged Album in 1999 that went on to win the Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album at the 43rd Grammy Awards. He co-wrote and co-produced the song Whenever, Wherever for Shakira's Laundry Service album and produced her concert DVD from the Oral Fixation Tour.
References
External links
Grammy Award winners
Living people
1963 births |
The 1991 Japanese Touring Car Championship season was the 7th edition of the series. It began at Sportsland SUGO on 19 May and finished after six events at Fuji Speedway on 10 November. The championship was won by Masahiro Hasemi, driving for Hasemi Motorsport.
Teams & Drivers
Calendar
Overall winner in bold.
Championship Standings
Points were awarded 20, 15, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1 to the overall top 10 as well as top 10 finishers in each class, with no bonus points for pole positions or fastest laps. All scores counted towards the championship. In cases where teammates tied on points, the driver who completed the greater distance during the season was given the higher classification.
References
Japanese Touring Car Championship
Japanese Touring Car Championship seasons |
"Curse" is the 17th episode of the first season of the CW television series The Secret Circle, and the series' 17th episode overall. It was aired on March 22, 2012. The episode was written by Don Whitehead & Holly Henderson and it was directed by John Fawcett.
Plot
Cassie and Adam after the night they spent together, they are informed by John Blackwell that their love has awakened the curse about the Blake and Conant families. The "written in the stars" might be destined but it is also cursed. Blackwell explains that Amelia was the one who told him about the curse and only Jane can tell them the details about it.
Cassie and Blackwell visit Jane at the clinic to ask about the curse. Jane says that if it is triggered, then one of the members of the Circle will die. Cassie and Adam inform the rest of the members about the situation while Jake starts to not feeling well. When they see that the curse is killing Jake, they are trying to find a way to stop it. Blackwell finds a recipe of an elixir that will break the curse and the three of them go with him to Calvin's store to find the ingredients.
Calvin is not there and his niece helps them to get what they want. A root of a plant is rare, though, and Cassie, Adam and Jake find it in the woods. Jake has hallucinations and Calvin is haunting him. In a moment of agony, Cassie and Adam realize that Jake killed Calvin. Back at the abandoned house, Blackwell makes the elixir, which comes with a cost. When they drink it, the curse will break but they will forget why they love each other. The elixir works on Adam but not on Cassie who still remains in love with him.
In the meantime, Charles and Dawn visit Jane to find out what Blackwell wanted from her. Dawn is trying to convince Charles to work with Blackwell so they can get their powers back. Charles says he will never be in the same team with Blackwell again and he visits Jane again, alone this time, casting a spell on her to make her help him destroy Blackwell.
Faye goes to Lee's place looking for him but she only finds Eva. Eva tells her that Lee has left town but she does not believe her. Faye convinces Diana and Melissa to help her find out what's wrong with Eva and Lee. When later Faye confronts Eva, she finds out that Eva has powers and realizes that the voodoo Lee did, gave her powers to Eva. Eva, learning that she is a witch, tells Faye that she killed Lee with magic and she asks her to bring him back. Faye is in shock and tries to leave but Eva doesn't leave her to go. Not having another choice, Faye pretends that she is trying to bring Lee back. Instead, she breaks the second totem and Eva loses her powers.
Dawn confronts Blackwell telling him that what Jane said to Cassie is not true, that there is no curse and that she also does not believe that he does not have any powers. Blackwell admits that he does have magic and that he faked the curse by killing the crows, making Jake sick and forcing Jane lie to Cassie. He does not have enough magic to protect the Circle though, and the reason he did all these was because of that. Amelia and Ethan's love was the reason the adults' Circle was destroyed and he will not let that happen again.
Reception
Ratings
In its original American broadcast, "Curse" was watched by 1.74 million; up 0.12 from the previous episode.
Reviews
"Curse" received positive reviews.
Katherine Miller from The A.V. Club gave a B− rate to the episode saying that the show is a hang-out show. "The Secret Circle’s secret is that it’s really a hang-out show, in need a few of a few tweaks, trapped in a plot-chewing thriller’s body."
Carissa Pavlica from TV Fanatic rated the episode with 4.7/5 stating that there were many twists on the episode. "There were a lot of twists and turns in Curse and it left the future a blank slate. John? A liar. Lee? Dead. Eva? Powers gone. Adam and Cassie? Their love vanished. Let's analyze how it went down."
Sarah Maines from The TV Chick said that the episode left her looking forward for few things. "What is Blackwell up to?! Will Charles and Cassie’s grandma be able to take him down? Will Cassie be able to pull herself together or will we be seeing mopey Cassie? Will Dawn and Charles finally get their powers back and rise up over their weaker, romantically distracted children?!"
Feature music
In the episode "Curse" we can hear the songs:
"Moon in my mind" by Frankie Rose
"Daydream" by Beach Fossils
"Hit me Down Sonny" by The Ting Tings
"Athens" by Mansions On The Moon
References
External links
The Secret Circle (TV series) episodes
2012 American television episodes |
St George's Church is an Anglican church in the East Worthing area of the borough of Worthing, one of seven local government districts in the English county of West Sussex. Built in 1867–68 to serve new residential development in the southeast of the town, the Decorated Gothic-style structure was extended later in the 19th century, and expanded its reach further by founding three mission halls elsewhere in Worthing. English Heritage has listed it at Grade C for its architectural and historical importance.
History
Worthing experienced rapid development in the first quarter of the 19th century, encouraged by royal patronage and the effect of nearby Brighton—one of England's most fashionable and desirable resorts at the time. In the first few decades of the town's existence, however, little building work took place east of the road from Broadwater to the coast: the land was marshy and difficult to develop. The few houses in existence were economically dependent on the 18th-century brickworks and two smock mills in the vicinity, both of which existed by 1831.
Gradually, the town expanded to the east, and in the 1860s a church was proposed to serve the area, which had become known as East Worthing. Work started in 1867, when the Bishop of Chichester Ashurst Turner Gilbert laid the foundation stone. The architect George Truefitt was commissioned to design the church. In its original form, it opened on 10 July 1868 after Bishop Gilbert consecrated it. Long-time East Worthing resident Alfred Longley, who wrote several books about the area, recorded the name of the builder as a Mr Longhurst.
St George's Church was extended twice in the first 16 years of its existence. As built in 1868, it consisted of a chancel with apsidal end, nave and a small belfry. In 1875, two porches and a vestry were built. Nine years later, the interior was changed by the addition of a transept between the nave and the sanctuary. A tower was planned, but only a stump was ever built. Architectural sketches of the proposed tower showed a tall, spire-topped structure with lancet openings rising at the southwest corner. Architect H. Overnell designed the church hall, which stands to the south, in 1935. A vicarage was established in nearby Selden Road in the early 1900s.
The church was always parished: in 1867, a parish was created out of the southeastern part of the area administered by St Mary's Church at Broadwater. The advowson originally lay with the rector of that church, but passed to the National Protestant Church Union in 1903. Its successor, the Church Society Trust, retains it. The rector had owned the land originally, and offered it free of charge to allow the church to be built.
St George's Church founded a school in the parish in 1874. St George's National School stood on Lyndhurst Road (); its popularity resulted in the brick and flint buildings being enlarged twice by 1897, but in 1940 it was closed and the pupils dispersed to other schools. In 1985, the site was cleared to make way for a supermarket.
Architecture
St George's Church has been praised for its architectural quality, especially in view of its relatively low cost of construction: the budget was set at £5,000 (equivalent to £ in ). Unusually, it was built on a north–south alignment, so the geographical and ritual directions are different. The building is in the Decorated Gothic style with some Perpendicular Gothic elements, and is of Bargate stone rubble with courses of ashlar. The roof is covered with red tiles.
The plan features a wide chancel and aisled nave, both of which have prominent apses at the geographical north end, a gable-roofed entrance porch leading to a narthex with hipped roofs, a small belfry topped with a stone spirelet, and a vestry. Most of the windows are small lancets, such as the range of six above the entrance porch, but the five around the chancel apse are taller. The interior is simple and open, and reminded architectural historians Ian Nairn and Nikolaus Pevsner of Sir Christopher Wren's ecclesiastical works: they described it as "very intelligent, rational, [...] logical [and lacking] the artificial piety of the 1860s".
Mission chapels
Many mission chapels, or mission halls, were established in Worthing in the late 19th and early 20th century, as the population grew faster than the existing parish churches could cater for. Such buildings were rudimentary chapels of ease served by the clergy of the founding church, and were intended to be used temporarily until proper provision could be made for worship, in the form of a new permanent church or an extension to an existing building. Three such chapels were established by St George's Church; two still stand, and the other became a separate church in its own right before being demolished.
Newland Road Mission Hall was the first to be established. It was built in 1883 at the corner of Newland Road and Station Road (). The brick building was used for worship until 1936, and is now used as a studio. Two years later, the tiny Ham Arch Mission was created in a hut on Ham Road () in the east of the parish. The structure, one of the smallest places of worship in Sussex and now used as a garage, was referred to in jest as "The Cathedral" by locals during its 29 years of religious use. The Emmanuel Mission Hall, on Brougham Road (), was built in 1911 and replaced by an octagonal permanent church, also dedicated to Emmanuel, in 1976. This was closed and demolished in 2008.
The church today
St George's Church was listed at Grade C by English Heritage on 21 May 1976. Grade C was the lowest rank on an old grading system used for Anglican churches, before English Heritage extended the standard Grade I, II* and II scheme to all types of building. A small number of churches remain on the old scheme, on which Grade C is equivalent to Grade II. In February 2001, it was one of 198 Grade II- or C-listed buildings, and 213 listed buildings of all grades, in the Borough of Worthing. (These totals have since changed because of new listings and delistings.)
The parish covers the southeastern part of Worthing borough. Its boundaries are the railway line to the north, the border with Adur district to the east, the English Channel to the south and the High Street and Steyne to the west.
Worship is in a Conservative Evangelical style in the Anglican tradition, mostly using the Common Worship series of worship materials. There is one service on Sunday, a service of morning worship and prayer. Holy Communion occurs once a month and on special occasions.
See also
List of places of worship in Worthing
Notes
Bibliography
Churches completed in 1868
19th-century Church of England church buildings
Church of England church buildings in West Sussex
Grade II listed churches in West Sussex
Churches in Worthing
Conservative evangelical Anglican churches in England |
Mudunepalli mandal is one of the 28 mandals in the Eluru district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
References
Mandals in Eluru district |
The 1970 Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks season was the 4th in the club's history. They competed in the NSWRFL's 1970 premiership.
Ladder
References
Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks seasons
Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks season |
William Clark Gable (February 1, 1901November 16, 1960) was an American film actor. Often referred to as The King of Hollywood, he had roles in more than 60 motion pictures in a variety of genres during a career that lasted 37 years, three decades of which was as a leading man. He was named the seventh greatest male movie star of classic American cinema by the American Film Institute.
Gable won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in the romantic comedy It Happened One Night (1934). He was further Oscar-nominated for his roles as Fletcher Christian in the drama Mutiny on the Bounty (1935), and Rhett Butler in the historical romance drama Gone with the Wind (1939). He received Golden Globe Award nominations for his comedic roles in Teacher's Pet (1958), and But Not for Me (1959). He also starred in Call of the Wild (1935), Key to the City (1950), and Mogambo (1953). His final on-screen role was as an aging cowboy in The Misfits (1961).
Gable was one of the most consistent box-office performers in the history of Hollywood, appearing on Quigley Publishing's annual Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll sixteen times. He appeared opposite many of the most popular actresses of their time. He frequently acted alongside Joan Crawford, Myrna Loy, Jean Harlow, Lana Turner, Norma Shearer and Ava Gardner. Gable died of a heart attack at the age of 59.
Early life
1901–1919: Family and upbringing
William Clark Gable was born on February 1, 1901, in Cadiz, Ohio, to William Henry "Will" Gable (1870–1948), an oil-well driller, and his wife Adeline ( Hershelman). His father was a Protestant and his mother a Catholic. Gable was named Bill after his father, but he was almost always called Clark, and referred to as "the kid" by his father.
Gable was six months old when he was baptized at a Roman Catholic church in Dennison, Ohio. When he was ten months old, his mother died. His father refused to raise him in the Catholic faith, which provoked criticism from the Hershelman family. The dispute was resolved when his father agreed to allow him to spend time with his maternal uncle Charles Hershelman and his wife on their farm in Vernon Township, Pennsylvania. In April 1903, Gable's father married Jennie Dunlap (1874–1920).
Gable's stepmother raised the tall, shy child with a loud voice to be well-dressed and well-groomed. She played the piano and gave him lessons at home. He later took up brass instruments, becoming the only boy in the Hopedale Men's town band at age 13. Gable was mechanically inclined and loved to repair cars with his father, who insisted that he engage in masculine activities such as hunting and hard physical work. Gable also loved literature; he would recite Shakespeare among trusted company, particularly the sonnets.
His father had financial difficulties in 1917 and decided to try his hand at farming, and moved the family to Palmyra Township, near Akron, Ohio. His father insisted that he work the farm, but Gable soon left to work in Akron for the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company.
1920–1923: Early career
Gable was inspired to become an actor after seeing the play The Bird of Paradise at age 17, but he was unable to make a start in acting until he turned 21 and received his $300 inheritance from a Hershelman trust. After his stepmother died in 1920, his father moved to Tulsa, Oklahoma, going back into the oil business. He worked with his father for some time wildcatting and sludge removing in the oil fields of Oklahoma before traveling to the Pacific Northwest.
Gable toured in second-class stock companies, finding work with traveling tent shows, lumber mills, and other odd jobs. He made his way across the Midwest to Portland, Oregon, where he worked as a necktie salesman in the Meier & Frank department store. Also working there was local stage actor Earle Larimore, (the nephew of Laura Hope Crews who portrayed Aunt Pittypat alongside Gable in Gone with the Wind) who encouraged Gable to return to acting. Though Larimore didn't invite him to join his theater group The Red Lantern Players, he did introduce Gable to one of its members, Franz Dorfler, and they started dating. After the couple's audition for The Astoria Players, Gable's lack of training was evident, but the theater group accepted him after cajoling from Larimore. Gable and Dorfler moved to Astoria, Oregon, touring with the group until its bankruptcy, and then moved back to Portland where Gable obtained a day job with Pacific Telephone and started receiving dramatic lessons in the evening.
Gable's acting coach, Josephine Dillon, was a theater manager in Portland. She paid to have his teeth fixed and his hair styled. She guided him in building up his chronically undernourished body, and taught him better body control and posture. He slowly managed to lower his naturally high-pitched voice, his speech habits improved, and his facial expressions became more natural and convincing. After a long period of her training, Dillon considered Gable ready to attempt a film career.
Career
1924–1930: Stage and silent films
Gable and Dillon traveled to Hollywood in 1924. Dillon became his manager and also his wife; she was 17 years his senior. He changed his stage name from W. C. Gable to Clark Gable and appeared as an extra in such silent films as Erich von Stroheim's The Merry Widow (1925), The Plastic Age (1925) starring Clara Bow, and Forbidden Paradise (1924) starring Pola Negri. He appeared in a series of two-reel comedies called The Pacemakers and in Fox's The Johnstown Flood (1926). He also appeared as a bit player in a series of shorts. However, he was not offered any major film roles, so he returned to the stage in What Price Glory? (1925).
He became lifelong friends with Lionel Barrymore, who initially scolded Gable for what he deemed amateurish acting but nevertheless urged him to pursue a stage career. During the 1927–28 theater season, he acted with the Laskin Brothers Stock Company in Houston, Texas; while there, he played many roles, gained considerable experience, and became a local matinee idol. He then moved to New York City, where Dillon sought work for him on Broadway. He received good reviews in Machinal (1928), with one critic describing him as "young, vigorous, and brutally masculine".
Gable and Dillon separated, filing for divorce in March 1929, while he began working on the play Hawk Island in New York which ran for 24 performances. In April 1930, Gable's divorce became final, and a few days later he married Texas socialite Maria Franklin Prentiss Lucas Langham, nicknamed "Ria". After moving to California, they were married again in 1931, possibly due to differences in state legal requirements.
1930–1935: Early success
In 1930, after his impressive appearance as the seething and desperate character Killer Mears in the Los Angeles stage production of The Last Mile, Gable was offered a contract with Pathe Pictures. His only film for them and first role in a sound picture was as the unshaven villain in their low-budget William Boyd Western, The Painted Desert (1931). The studio experienced financial problems after the film's delayed release, so Gable left for work at Warner Bros.
The same year in Night Nurse, Gable played a villainous chauffeur who knocked Barbara Stanwyck's character unconscious for trying to save two children whom he was methodically starving to death. The supporting role was originally slated for James Cagney until the release of The Public Enemy catapulted him to star status. "His ears are too big and he looks like an ape", said Warner Bros. executive Darryl F. Zanuck about Gable, after testing him for the second male lead in the studio's gangster drama Little Caesar (1931). After his failed screen test for Zanuck, Gable was signed in 1930 by MGM's Irving Thalberg for $650 per week (equivalent to approximately $ in ). He hired the well-connected Minna Wallis, a sister of producer Hal Wallis, as his agent, whose clients included actresses Claudette Colbert, Myrna Loy and Norma Shearer.
Gable's arrival in Hollywood occurred when MGM was looking to expand its stable of male stars, and he fit the bill. He made two pictures in 1931 with Wallace Beery. In the first, he had a seventh-billed support role in The Secret Six, although his role was much larger than the billing would indicate, then he achieved second billing in a part almost as large as the film's star Beery in the naval aviation film Hell Divers. MGM's publicity manager Howard Strickling started developing Gable's studio image with Screenland magazine playing up his "lumberjack-in-evening-clothes" persona.
To increasing popularity, MGM frequently paired him with well-established female stars. Joan Crawford asked for him to appear with her in Dance, Fools, Dance (1931). The electricity of the pair was recognized by studio executive Louis B. Mayer, who would not only put them in seven more films but also began reshooting Complete Surrender, replacing John Mack Brown as Crawford's leading man and retitling the film Laughing Sinners (1931). His fame and public visibility after A Free Soul (1931), in which he played a gangster who shoved the character played by Norma Shearer, ensured that Gable never played a supporting role again. He received extensive fan mail as a result of his performance; the studio took notice. The Hollywood Reporter wrote "A star in the making has been made, one that, to our reckoning, will outdraw every other star ... Never have we seen audiences work themselves into such enthusiasm as when Clark Gable walks on the screen."
Gable co-starred in Susan Lenox (Her Fall and Rise) (1931) with Greta Garbo, and in Possessed (1931), a film about an illicit romantic affair, with Joan Crawford (who was then married to Douglas Fairbanks Jr.). Adela Rogers St. Johns later dubbed Gable and Crawford's real-life relationship as "the affair that nearly burned Hollywood down". Louis B. Mayer threatened to terminate both their contracts, and for a while, they kept apart when Gable shifted his attentions to Marion Davies as he costarred with her in Polly of the Circus (1932). Gable was considered for the role of Tarzan in Tarzan the Ape Man, but lost out to Johnny Weissmuller's more imposing physique and superior swimming prowess. Gable then starred as the romantic lead in Strange Interlude (1932), again teaming with Shearer, the second of three films they would make together for MGM.
Next, Gable starred with Jean Harlow in the romantic comedy-drama Red Dust (1932) set on a rubber plantation in Indochina. Gable portrayed a plantation manager involved with Harlow's wisecracking prostitute; however, upon her arrival, Gable's character started to pursue Mary Astor's prim, classy newlywed. While some critics thought Harlow stole the show, many agreed that Gable was a natural screen partner.
Gable's "unshaven love-making" with braless Jean Harlow in Red Dust made him MGM's most important romantic leading man. With Gable established as a star, MGM positioned him in the same manner as Harlow for Myrna Loy, a previously lesser billed actor in Night Flight, moving Loy to a costar role in Men in White, a movie filmed in 1933, though delayed in release due to pre-Code Legion of Decency cuts until 1934. The relationship of a doctor (Gable) and nurse (Elizabeth Allan) implied intimacy with a resulting complication of pregnancy, a sensitive issue and new image for Gable.
Gable and Harlow were then teamed in Hold Your Man (1933), China Seas (1935), in which the pair were billed above Wallace Beery, and Wife vs. Secretary (1936) with Myrna Loy costarring and supported by newcomer James Stewart. A popular combination on-screen and off, Gable and Harlow made six films together in five years. Their final film together was Saratoga (1937), a bigger hit than their previous collaborations. Harlow died during its production. The film was ninety percent completed, and the remaining scenes were filmed with long shots or the use of doubles like Mary Dees; Gable said he felt as if he were "in the arms of a ghost".
In 1934, MGM did not have a project ready for Gable that he was interested in, paying him $2,000 a week under his contract to do nothing. Studio head Louis B. Mayer lent him to Columbia for $2,500 per week, making a $500 per week profit. Gable was not Capra's first choice to play the lead role of newspaper reporter Peter Warne in the romantic comedy It Happened One Night (1934) opposite Claudette Colbert playing a spoiled heiress, but Columbia wanted him and had paid handsomely for it. Robert Montgomery was originally offered the role but said he declined, feeling the script was poor.
Filming for the movie, in which Gable and Colbert's characters have to travel together from Florida to New York by whatever means available, began in a tense atmosphere; nevertheless, both Gable and director Frank Capra enjoyed making the movie. It Happened One Night became the first movie to sweep all five of the major Academy Awards, with Gable winning for Best Actor and Colbert for Best Actress. "Critics praised the fast-paced farce that would enter in a whole new romantic genre: the screwball comedy." The movie opened slowly at the box office, but once word of mouth spread it became a big hit, with men's underwear sales plummeting because Gable didn't wear an undershirt in the movie.
Gable's career was revitalized by his whimsical, good-natured performance and to Capra, Gable's character in the film closely resembled his real personality. It Happened One Night clinched stardom for Gable making him a bigger star than ever. From 1934 until 1942, when World War II interrupted his movie career, he was near the top of the box office money-makers lists.
Gable's first movie role back at MGM was to portray reluctant leader of mutineers Fletcher Christian, an "Englishman in knickers and a three-cornered hat", one he had to be talked into by friend and producer Irving Thalberg, and of which Gable said "I stink in it" after filming. Mutiny on the Bounty (1935) was a critical and commercial success, receiving eight Academy Award nominations. There were three Best Actor nominations for stars Gable, Charles Laughton and Franchot Tone, and the film won Best Picture, the second of three films in which Gable played a leading role to do so. The film cost $2 million and grossed $4.5 million, making it one of the top moneymakers that decade. It used life-size replicas of the Bounty and Pandora, and was partly filmed in Catalina and French Polynesia.
1936–1939: Tracy collaborations and Gone with the Wind
Gable made three pictures with Spencer Tracy, which boosted Tracy's career and permanently cemented them in the public mind as a team. San Francisco (1936), with Jeanette MacDonald, featured Tracy for only 17 minutes in an Oscar-nominated portrayal of a Catholic priest who knocks Gable down in a boxing ring. The film was a box office hit and remains the third-highest-grossing film of Gable's career. Their next film together was the Academy Award–nominated box office success Test Pilot (1938), with Myrna Loy, who made seven pictures with Gable. He plays Jim Lane, the test pilot of the title; Tracy is his sidekick mechanic, Gunner Morse.
For their final film, 1940's Boom Town, Tracy would play a larger role, with billing directly under Gable and above Claudette Colbert and Hedy Lamarr. The picture, a lavish epic about two oil wildcatters who become partners then rivals, was a box office success, earning $5 million. Gable and Tracy were off-screen friends; Tracy was one of the few Hollywood industry luminaries who attended Lombard's private funeral. After Boom Town no more Gable-Tracy partnerships were possible; Tracy's success led to a new contract and both stars had conflicting stipulations requiring top billing in MGM movie credits and on promotional posters.
Despite his reluctance to play the role, Gable is best known for his Oscar-nominated performance in the Academy Award-winning best picture Gone with the Wind (1939). Carole Lombard may have been the first to suggest that he play Rhett Butler (and she play Scarlett) when she bought him a copy of the best-seller, which he refused to read. His total salary was $117,917 for the film ($ in ).
Butler's last line in Gone with the Wind, "Frankly, my dear, I don't give a damn", is one of the most famous lines in movie history. Gable was an almost immediate favorite for the role of Rhett with both the public and producer David O. Selznick. Since Selznick had no male stars under long-term contract, he needed to negotiate with another studio to borrow an actor. Gary Cooper was Selznick's first choice. When Cooper turned down the role of Butler, he was quoted as saying, "Gone With the Wind is going to be the biggest flop in Hollywood history. I'm glad it'll be Clark Gable who's falling flat on his nose, not me." By then, Selznick had become determined to hire Gable, and set about finding a way to borrow him from MGM. Gable was wary of potentially disappointing an audience that had decided that no one else could play the part. He later conceded, "I think I know now how a fly must react after being caught in a spider's web."
According to Lennie Bluett, an extra in the film, Gable almost walked off the set when he discovered the studio facilities were segregated and signage posted "White" and "Colored". Gable phoned the film's director Victor Fleming and told him, "If you don't get those signs down, you won't get your Rhett Butler." The signs were then taken down. Gable tried to boycott the Gone with the Wind premiere in segregated Atlanta, because African American actors Hattie McDaniel and Butterfly McQueen were not permitted to attend. He reportedly only went after McDaniel pleaded with him to go. They appeared in several more films, remaining life-long friends and he always attended her Hollywood parties.
Gable did not want to shed tears for the scene after Rhett inadvertently causes Scarlett to miscarry their second child. Olivia de Havilland made him cry, later commenting, "Oh, he would not do it. He would not! Victor (Fleming) tried everything with him. He tried to attack him on a professional level. We had done it without him weeping several times and then we had one last try. I said, 'You can do it, I know you can do it, and you will be wonderful...' Well, by heaven, just before the cameras rolled, you could see the tears come up at his eyes and he played the scene unforgettably well. He put his whole heart into it." The role was one of Gable's most layered performances and partially based on the personality of director and friend Fleming.
Years later, Gable said that whenever his career would start to fade, a re-release of Gone with the Wind would soon revive his popularity, and he continued as a top leading actor for the rest of his life. One reissue publicized "Clark Gable never tires of holding Vivien Leigh".
1939–1942: Established star
Between his marriage to Lombard and her death, Gable again costarred with Norma Shearer in the World War II romantic intrigue film, Idiot's Delight (1939). He plays a nightclub singer that doesn't recognize former love (Shearer) while Nazis are closing in on guests at a hotel on the brink of war. The film is memorable for Gable's song and dance routine, "Puttin' on the Ritz" and an alternative ending.
Gable also starred in Strange Cargo (1940), a romantic drama with Joan Crawford, costarring Peter Lorre and Ian Hunter. The film's focus is on Gable and French Devil's Islands convicts in an escape from the penal colony, who on the way pick up a local entertainer (Crawford) whom Gable had met earlier in the movie. In their eighth and last film together, Gable and Crawford "again demonstrated their on-screen magic" and the film was among the top ten grossing films for the year.
Gable then made his first film with 20-year old Lana Turner, a newcomer whom MGM saw as a successor for both Crawford and the now-deceased Jean Harlow. Honky Tonk (1941) is a western where Gable's con-man/gambler character romances Turner, a prim, young judge's daughter. Gable had been reluctant to act opposite the younger Turner in the required romantic scenes. But their chemistry served them well in this and three later films, with Honky Tonk finishing third at the box office that year.
Since the couple had been popular with the public, Gable and Turner were quickly paired again in Somewhere I'll Find You (1941) as war correspondents who travel to the Pacific theatre and get caught up in a Japanese attack. The movie was another hit finishing No. 8 at the box office for 1942. Film historian David Thomson wrote the quality of his movies after Gone With the Wind "hardly befitted a national idol" and began a career decline for Gable.
1942–1944: World War II
On August 12, 1942, following Lombard's death and completion of the film Somewhere I'll Find You, Gable joined the United States Army, under the Army Air Forces. Lombard had suggested that Gable enlist as part of the war effort, but MGM was reluctant to let him go. Commanding General of the U.S. Army Air Forces Henry H. "Hap" Arnold offered Gable a "special assignment" with the First Motion Picture Unit following basic training. The Washington Star reported that Gable took a physical examination at Bolling Field on June 19, preliminary to joining the service.
"Mr. Gable, it was learned from a source outside the war department, conferred with Lieutenant General H. H. Arnold, head of the air forces yesterday." The Star continued, "It was understood that Mr. Gable, if he is commissioned, will make movies for the air forces. Lieutenant Jimmy Stewart, another actor in uniform, has been doing this."
Gable had expressed an earlier interest in officer candidate school, with the intention of becoming an aerial gunner upon enlisting in bomber training school. MGM arranged for his studio friend, the cinematographer Andrew McIntyre, to enlist with him and accompany him through training.
On August 17, 1942, shortly after his enlistment, he and McIntyre were sent to Miami Beach, Florida, where they entered USAAF OCS Class 42-E. Both completed training on October 28, 1942, and were commissioned as second lieutenants. His class of about 2,600 students (of which he ranked about 700th) selected Gable as its graduation speaker. General Arnold presented the cadets with their commissions. Arnold then informed Gable of his special assignment: to make a recruiting film in combat with the Eighth Air Force to recruit aerial gunners. Gable and McIntyre were immediately sent to Flexible Gunnery School at Tyndall Field, Florida, followed by a photography course at Fort George Wright, Washington State and promoted to first lieutenants upon its completion.
On January 27, 1943, Gable reported to Biggs Army Airfield, Texas to train with and accompany the 351st Bomb Group to England as head of a six-man motion picture unit. In addition to McIntyre, he recruited the screenwriter John Lee Mahin, camera operators Sgts. Mario Toti and Robert Boles, and the sound man Lt. Howard Voss, to complete his crew. Gable was promoted to captain while he was with the 351st Bomb Group at Pueblo Army Air Base, Colorado, a rank commensurate with his position as a unit commander. (Prior to this, he and McIntyre were both first lieutenants.)
Gable spent most of 1943 in England at RAF Polebrook with the 351st Bomb Group. Gable flew five combat missions, including one to Germany, as an observer-gunner in B-17 Flying Fortresses between May 4 and September 23, 1943, earning the Air Medal and the Distinguished Flying Cross for his efforts. During one of the missions, Gable's aircraft was damaged by flak and attacked by fighters, which knocked out one of the engines and shot up the stabilizer. In the raid on Germany, one crewman was killed and two others were wounded, and flak went through Gable's boot and narrowly missed his head. When word of this reached MGM, studio executives began to badger the Army Air Forces to reassign its most valuable screen actor to noncombat duty. Many of the men he served with, such as former Tech. Sgt. Ralph Cowley, said Gable actually unofficially joined other missions and the above five were only a fraction of the total. Adolf Hitler favored Gable above all other actors. During World War II, Hitler offered a sizable reward to anyone who could capture and bring Gable to him unscathed.
In November 1943, Gable returned to the United States to edit his film, on an old Warner's lot donated to the war effort, assigned to the 18th AAF Base Unit (Motion Picture Unit) at Culver City, California, where other stars contributed with any film equipment they had as well. In June 1944, Gable was promoted to major. While he hoped for another combat assignment, he had been placed on inactive duty and on June 12, 1944, his discharge papers were signed by Captain (later U.S. president) Ronald Reagan. Gable completed editing of the film Combat America in September 1944, giving the narration himself and making use of numerous interviews with enlisted gunners as focus of the film.
Because his motion picture production schedule made it impossible for him to fulfill reserve officer duties, he resigned his commission on September 26, 1947, a week after the Air Force became an independent service branch. Gable was awarded military honors for service: the Distinguished Flying Cross, Air Medal, American Campaign Medal, European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal, and World War II Victory Medal. He was a qualified aerial gunner having received his wings upon completion of flexible gunnery school at Tyndall field.
1945–1953: After World War II
Immediately after his discharge from the service, Gable returned to his ranch and rested. Personally, he resumed a pre-war relationship with Virginia Grey, a co-star from Test Pilot and Idiot's Delight, that newspapers reported might be the next Mrs. Gable. Professionally, Gable's first movie after World War II was Adventure (1946), with Greer Garson, by then the leading female star at MGM. Given the famous teaser tagline "Gable's back, and Garson's got him", the film was a commercial hit, earning over $6 million, but a critical failure.
Gable was acclaimed for his performance in The Hucksters (1947), a satire of post-war Madison Avenue corruption and immorality, which co-starred Deborah Kerr and Ava Gardner. The film was popular with audiences, placing 11th at the box office, but both Variety and The New York Times reviewed it as a sanitized version of the novel with script issues, that was heavy on Gable screentime, who struggled in the role. Gable followed this up with Homecoming (1948), where he played a married doctor enlisting in World War II and meeting Lana Turner's army surgical nurse character with a romance unfolding in flashbacks. After that he made the war film Command Decision (1948), a psychological drama with Walter Pidgeon, Van Johnson, Brian Donlevy, and John Hodiak. It was a hit with audiences, but it lost MGM money due to the high cost of the all-star cast. Variety said, "[Gable's] is a believable delivery, interpreting the brigadier-general who must send his men out to almost certain death with an understanding that bespeaks his sympathy with the soldier... ".
A very public and brief romance with Paulette Goddard occurred after that. In 1949, Gable married Sylvia Ashley, a British model and actress previously married to Douglas Fairbanks Sr. The relationship was profoundly unsuccessful; they divorced in 1952. Gable did a series of films with female co-stars: Any Number Can Play (1950) with Alexis Smith, Key to the City (1950) with Loretta Young, and To Please a Lady (1950) with Barbara Stanwyck. They were reasonably popular, but he had more success with two Westerns: Across the Wide Missouri (1951), and Lone Star (1952). He then made Never Let Me Go (1953) opposite Gene Tierney. Tierney was a favorite of Gable's, and he was very disappointed when her mental health problems caused her to be replaced in Mogambo by Grace Kelly.
Mogambo (1953), directed by John Ford, was a somewhat sanitized and more action-oriented remake of Gable's hit pre-Code film Red Dust, with Jean Harlow and Mary Astor. Ava Gardner, in her third and final pairing with Gable, was well received in Harlow's leading lady role, as was Kelly in Astor's role, with both receiving Academy Award nominations, Gardner for Lead Actress and Kelly for Supporting Actress. While on location in Africa, reports of an affair between Gable and Kelly began to surface (the result of private dinners the stars were having), but their relationship was an intense friendship according to costar Gardner, with Kelly herself later commenting on the lack of any sexual aspect, "maybe because of the age difference". The publicity only helped ticket sales as the film finished No. 7 at the box office, grossing 8.2 million for the year, easily his most popular hit since he returned to MGM after the war.
1954–1957: Leaving MGM
Despite the positive critical and public response to Mogambo, Gable became increasingly unhappy with what he considered mediocre roles offered by MGM, while the studio regarded his salary as excessive. Studio head Louis B. Mayer was fired in 1951, amid slumping revenue and increased Hollywood production costs, due in large part to the rising popularity of television. The new studio head, former production chief Dore Schary, struggled to maintain profits for the studio. Many long-time MGM stars were fired, or their contracts were not renewed, including Greer Garson and Judy Garland. Gable refused to renew his contract. His last film at MGM was Betrayed (1954), an espionage wartime drama with Turner and Victor Mature. Critic Paul Mavis wrote, "Gable and Turner just don't click the way they should here...poor plots and lines never stopped these two pros from turning in good performances in other films." In March 1954, Gable left MGM.
His next two films were made for 20th Century Fox: Soldier of Fortune, an adventure story in Hong Kong with Susan Hayward, and The Tall Men (1955), a Western with Jane Russell and Robert Ryan. Both were profitable, although only modest successes, earning Gable his first profit sharing royalties. In 1955, Gable would be 10th at the box office – the last time he was in the top ten. That same year, Gable married fifth wife Kay Spreckels (née Kathleen Williams). A former fashion model and actress, she had previously been married three times: first to Charles Capps (1937–39), then to Argentinian cattle tycoon Martín de Alzaga (1942–43), and to sugar-refining heir Adolph B. Spreckels Jr. (1945–52). Gable became stepfather to her son Bunker Spreckels, who went on to live a notorious celebrity lifestyle in the late 1960s and early 1970s surfing scene, ultimately leading to his early death in 1977.
Gable also formed Russ-Field-Gabco in 1955, a production company with Jane Russell and her husband Bob Waterfield, and they produced The King and Four Queens (1956), a film Gable thought would also star Russell to capitalize on The Tall Men's moderate success. That role instead went to Jo Van Fleet. It was Gable's only time as producer. He found producing and acting to be too much work and this Raoul Walsh western was the only film made. After turning down the lead role in Universal-International's Away All Boats, his next project was the Warner Bros. production Band of Angels (1957), co-starring Yvonne De Carlo and featuring relative newcomer Sidney Poitier; it was not well received, despite Gable's role's similarities to Rhett Butler. Newsweek said, "Here is a movie so bad that it must be seen to be disbelieved."
1958–1961: Paramount and The Misfits
Next, he paired with Doris Day in Teacher's Pet (1958), shot in black and white at Paramount. He did Run Silent, Run Deep (also 1958), with co-star and producer Burt Lancaster, which featured his first on-screen death since 1937, and which garnered good reviews. Gable started to receive television offers, but rejected them outright. At 57, Gable finally acknowledged, "Now it's time I acted my age". His contracts began including a clause that his filming and work days ended at 5 p.m.
His next two films were light comedies for Paramount: But Not for Me (1959) with Carroll Baker, and It Started in Naples (1960) with Sophia Loren. Naples was written and directed by Melville Shavelson and it mainly showed the beauty of Loren and the Italian island Capri. It was a box-office success and was nominated for an Academy Award for art direction and two Golden Globes, one for picture and Loren for actress in a leading role. Filmed mostly on location in Italy, it was Gable's last film released in color. While there Gable's weight had increased to 230 pounds, something he credited to pasta, and he started on a crash diet to achieve a goal weight of 195, along with briefly quitting drinking and smoking, to pass a required physical for his next movie.
On February 8, 1960, Gable received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his work in motion pictures, located at 1608 Vine Street.
Gable's last film was The Misfits (1961), with a script by Arthur Miller and directed by John Huston. Co-starring with Gable were Marilyn Monroe (in her last completed film), Montgomery Clift, Eli Wallach and Thelma Ritter. Many critics regard Gable's performance to be his finest, and Gable, after seeing the rough cuts, agreed, although the film did not receive any Oscar nominations. Miller wrote the screenplay for his wife Monroe; it was about two aging cowboys and a pilot that go mustanging in Reno, Nevada, who all fall for a blonde. In 1961, it was a somewhat disconnected film with its antihero western themes, but it has since become a classic.
Portraitist Al Hirschfeld created a drawing, and then a lithograph, portraying the film's stars Clift, Monroe, and Gable with screenwriter Miller, in what is suggested as a typical "on-the-set" scene during the troubled production. In a 2002 documentary Eli Wallach recalled the mustang wrangling scenes Gable insisted on performing himself, "You have to pass a physical to film that" and "He was a professional going home at 5 p.m. to a pregnant wife". The New York Times found "Mr. Gable's performance as a leathery old cowboy with a realistic slant on most plain things" ironically vital, with his death before the film's release.
Filmography
Gable is known to have appeared as an "extra" in 13 films between 1924 and 1930. He then appeared in a total of 67 theatrically released motion pictures, as himself in 17 "short subject" films, and he narrated and appeared in a 1945 World War II propaganda film entitled Combat America, produced by the United States Army Air Forces.
Gable was one of the most consistent box-office performers in the history of Hollywood, appearing on Quigley Publishing's annual Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll sixteen times. He appeared opposite many of the most popular actresses of their time. Joan Crawford was a favorite actress of his to work with, and he partnered with her in eight films. Myrna Loy worked with him seven times, and he was paired with Jean Harlow in six productions. He also starred with Lana Turner in four features, and in three each with Norma Shearer and Ava Gardner. Gable died of a heart attack at the age of 59; his final on-screen appearance was as an aging cowboy in The Misfits, released posthumously in 1961.
Personal life
Marriages and children
Gable married 5 times and was linked romantically to many other women. His first engagement was to actress Franz Dorfler when he was about 21. Dorfler introduced Gable to Josephine Dillon, who would become his acting coach, manager, and then his wife. When Gable and Dillon married in 1924, Gable was 23 and Dillon was 40; the couple divorced in 1930. His second wife was Texas socialite Maria Franklin Prentiss Lucas Langham Gable (nicknamed "Ria"). The couple divorced on March 7, 1939. Thirteen days after his divorce from Maria, Gable married actress Carole Lombard during a production break on Gone with the Wind. Lombard died in a plane crash less than three years later.
Carole Lombard
Gable's relationship and marriage in 1939 to his third wife, actress Carole Lombard (1908–1942), was one of the happiest periods of his personal life. They met while filming 1932's No Man of Her Own, when Lombard was still married to actor William Powell. A Gable and Lombard romance did not take off until 1936, after becoming reacquainted at a party. They were soon inseparable, with fan magazines and tabloids citing them as an official couple.
Gable thrived being around Lombard's youthful, charming, and frank personality, once stating:
Gable was still legally married, having prolonged an expensive divorce from his second wife, Ria Langham, until his salary from Gone with the Wind enabled him to reach a divorce settlement with her on March 7, 1939. On March 29, during a production break on Gone with the Wind, Gable and Lombard were married in Kingman, Arizona and honeymooned in room 1201 of the Arizona Biltmore Hotel. They purchased a ranch previously owned by director Raoul Walsh in Encino, California, for $50,000 making it their home. The couple, who lovingly referred to each other as "Ma and Pa", owned a menagerie of animals and raised chickens and horses there.
With the bombing of Pearl Harbor many Hollywood stars joined the war effort, some such as James Stewart signing up for active duty. Carole Lombard sent a telegram to President Roosevelt on behalf of Gable expressing his interest in doing so, but F.D.R. thought the 41-year-old actor could best serve by increased patriotic roles in movies and bond drives, which Lombard tirelessly began.
On January 16, 1942, Lombard was a passenger on Transcontinental and Western Air Flight 3 with her mother and press agent Otto Winkler. She had just finished her 57th movie, To Be or Not to Be, and was on her way home from a successful war bond selling tour when the flight's DC-3 airliner crashed into Potosi Mountain near Las Vegas, Nevada, killing all 22 passengers aboard, including 15 servicemen en route to training in California. Gable flew to the crash site to claim the bodies of his wife, mother-in-law, and Winkler, who had been the best man at Gable and Lombard's wedding. Lombard was declared to be the first war-related American female casualty of World War II, and Gable received a personal note of condolence from President Roosevelt. The Civil Aeronautics Board investigation into the crash concluded that pilot error was its cause.
Gable returned to their Encino ranch and carried out her funeral wishes as she had requested in her will. A month later, he returned to the studio to work with Lana Turner in their second movie together, Somewhere I'll Find You. Having lost 20 pounds since the tragedy, Gable evidently was emotionally and physically devastated, but Turner stated that Gable remained a "consummate professional" for the duration of filming. He acted in 27 more films, and remarried twice more. "But he was never the same", according to Esther Williams. "He had been devastated by Carole's death."
Sylvia Ashley
In 1949, Gable married Sylvia Ashley, a British model and actress who was the widow of Douglas Fairbanks; the couple divorced in 1952. In 1955, Gable married Kay Spreckels (née Kathleen Williams), a thrice-married former fashion model and actress who had previously been married to sugar-refining heir Adolph B. Spreckels Jr. Four months after his 1960 death, Kay Gable gave birth to his only biological son, John Clark Gable. John Clark raced cars and trucks most notably in the Baja 500 and 1000, turning down Hollywood offers to act until Bad Jim (1990), a straight to video film. By 1999, his work with The Clark Gable Foundation helped restore the house in which his father was born and open it as a museum in Cadiz, Ohio. He had two children: Kayley Gable (born 1986) and Clark James Gable (1988–2019). Kayley is an actress, while Clark James was the host of two seasons of the nationally syndicated reality show Cheaters. Clark James died at age 30 on February 22, 2019.
Relationship with Loretta Young
In 1935, Clark Gable allegedly slept with co-star Loretta Young while on an overnight train from a studio location to Hollywood. During the filming of The Call of the Wild in early 1935, the film's lead actress, Loretta Young, became pregnant with Gable's child. Their daughter Judy Lewis was born on November 6, 1935, in Venice, California. Young hid her pregnancy in an elaborate scheme. Nineteen months after the birth, she claimed to have adopted the baby. Most in Hollywood (and some in the general public) believed Gable was Lewis's father because of their strong resemblance and the timing of her birth. In 1950, Gable came to her mother's house to visit her briefly. Gable asked Lewis about her life and then, upon leaving, kissed her on her forehead. It was the only time that Lewis ever spoke to Gable and, at the time, she had no idea that he was her father.
As an adult, Lewis spoke of the confusion, isolation and alienation she felt within her own family while growing up. Five years after Gable's death, when confronted by Judy Lewis, Loretta Young said that she was Lewis' biological mother and that Gable was her father by an affair. Young died on August 12, 2000; her autobiography, published posthumously, confirmed that Gable was indeed Lewis' father. Judy Lewis died of cancer at age 76 on November 25, 2011. In 2015, Young's daughter-in-law alleged that Young had said in 1998 that Judy Lewis was conceived by date rape. Young had previously admitted to an affair with Gable, which was a known secret in Hollywood at the time. Young's family had chosen to remain silent about the information until both Young and Lewis were deceased; they went public with the information four years after Lewis' death.
Politics
Gable was a conservative Republican. In 1944, Gable became an early member of the conservative Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals, a group explicitly created to help root out Communists from the film industry. In addition to Gable, its members included such industry heavyweights as Walt Disney, Ayn Rand, Ronald Reagan, and John Wayne; they helped create and enforce the Hollywood blacklist, often by testifying under oath before the House Un-American Activities Committee.
In 1933, Gable was initiated into Freemasonry at the Beverly Hills Lodge No. 528 CA.
Illness and death
On November 6, 1960, Gable was sent to Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center in Los Angeles, where doctors found that he had suffered a heart attack. Newspaper reports the following day listed his condition as satisfactory. By the morning of November 16, he seemed to be improving, but he died that evening at the age of 59 from a second heart attack caused by an infection. Medical staff did not perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation for fear that the procedure would rupture Gable's heart, and a defibrillator was not available.
Gable is interred in the Great Mausoleum, Memorial Terrace, at Glendale's Forest Lawn Memorial Park next to Carole Lombard and her mother. An honor guard and pallbearers Spencer Tracy and James Stewart were in attendance. Twenty-two years later Kay Gable died and was interred there as well.
Style and reception
In a photo essay of Hollywood film stars, Life magazine called Gable, "All man ... and then some."
Doris Day summed up Gable's unique personality: "He was as masculine as any man I've ever known, and as much a little boy as a grown man could be —it was this combination that had such a devastating effect on women."
An eight-time co-star, long-time friend and on-again, off-again romance, Joan Crawford concurred, stating on David Frost's TV show in January 1970 that, "He was a king wherever he went. He earned the title. He walked like one, he behaved like one, and he was the most masculine man that I have ever met in my life. Gable had balls."
Robert Taylor said Gable "was a great, great guy, and certainly one of the great stars of all times, if not the greatest. I think that I sincerely doubt that there will ever be another like Clark Gable; he was one of a kind."
In his memoir Bring on the Empty Horses, David Niven states that Gable, a close friend, was extremely supportive after the sudden, accidental death of Niven's first wife, Primula (Primmie), in 1946. Primmie had supported Gable emotionally after Carole Lombard's death four years earlier: Niven recounts Gable kneeling at Primmie's feet and sobbing while she held and consoled him. Niven also states that Arthur Miller, the author of The Misfits, had described Gable as "the man who did not know how to hate."
Gable has been criticized for altering aspects of a script he felt were in conflict with his image. Screenwriter Larry Gelbart, as quoted in James Garner's biography stated that Gable, "... refused to go down with the submarine, because Gable doesn't sink." (In reference to Gable's film Run Silent, Run Deep). The novel's author, Capt. Beach, noted changes should be made among the crew to get a Hollywood audience and where a subsequent battle sequence was altered when he should have had script approval, feeling his book was bought by United Artists for its title.
Eli Wallach recalls in his 2006 autobiography The Good, The Bad and Me, that what he felt was one of his best dramatic scenes in The Misfits was cut from the script. Wallach's character is emotionally crushed when he visits Roslyn (Marilyn Monroe), and instead runs into Gable's character and realizes any hope with Roslyn is dashed. Gable asked (within his contractual rights) that the scene be removed, and when Wallach spoke to him, Gable explained he felt that "his character would never steal a woman from a friend."
In popular culture
Warner Bros. cartoons sometimes caricatured Gable. Examples include: Have You Got Any Castles? (in which his face appears seven times inside the novel The House of the Seven Gables), The Coo-Coo Nut Grove (in which his ears flap on their own), Hollywood Steps Out (in which he follows an enigmatic woman), and Cats Don't Dance (in which he appears on a billboard promotion for Gone with the Wind and on the backlot of MGM).
Along with actor Kent Taylor, Clark Gable served as the inspiration behind the name of Superman's alter-ego Clark Kent.
Bugs Bunny's nonchalant carrot-chewing standing position, as explained by Chuck Jones, Friz Freleng, and Bob Clampett, originated in a scene in the film It Happened One Night (1934), in which Clark Gable's character leans against a fence, eating carrots rapidly and talking with his mouth full to Claudette Colbert's character. This scene was well known while the film was popular, and viewers at the time likely recognized Bugs Bunny's behavior as parody.
In January 1937, Gable was honored with a block in the forecourt of Grauman's Chinese Theatre.
In the 1937 film Broadway Melody of 1938, Judy Garland (aged 15) sings "You Made Me Love You" while looking at a composite picture of Gable. The opening lines are: "Dear Mr Gable, I am writing this to you, and I hope that you will read it so you'll know, my heart beats like a hammer, and I stutter and I stammer, every time I see you at the picture show, I guess I'm just another fan of yours, and I thought I'd write and tell you so. You made me love you, I didn't want to do it, I didn't want to do it..."
The 1948 Cole Porter tune “Always True to You in My Fashion” contains the lyrics “Mister Gable, I mean Clark / Wants me on his boat to park".
The 1975 film Monty Python and the Holy Grail contained a reference to impersonating Gable in the song performed by the Knights of the Round Table.
The 2003 music album Give Up by The Postal Service has a song titled "Clark Gable". The singer wants to "find a love that looks and sounds like a movie", and includes the lyric, "I kissed you in a style Clark Gable would have admired, I thought it classic".
Gable has been portrayed in a number of films. Actors who have played the role include: Phillip Waldron in It Happened in Hollywood (1937), James Brolin in Gable and Lombard (1976), Larry Pennell in Marilyn: The Untold Story (1980), Edward Winter in Moviola: The Scarlett O'Hara War (1980), Boyd Holister in Grace Kelly (1983), Gary Wayne in Malice in Wonderland (1985), Gene Daily in The Rocketeer (1991), Bobby Valentino in RKO 281 (1999), Bruce Hughes and Shayne Greenman in Blonde (2001), and Charles Unwin in Lucy (2003).
In Drunk History Season 3 2015 Miami episode 2, Josh Hartnett portrays Gable. The focus is on Gable's military service and his training in Miami.
See also
List of actors with Academy Award nominations
List of members of the American Legion
References
Works cited
Bibliography
External links
Clark Gable at National Museum of the United States Air Force – AF.mil
Combat America at the Internet Archive: Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4
1901 births
1960 deaths
20th-century American male actors
20th-century American memoirists
American Freemasons
American male film actors
American male silent film actors
American male stage actors
American people of Belgian descent
American people of Pennsylvania Dutch descent
Best Actor Academy Award winners
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
California Republicans
First Motion Picture Unit personnel
Male actors from Ohio
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players
Military personnel from California
Military personnel from Ohio
Ohio Republicans
People from Brentwood, Los Angeles
People from Cadiz, Ohio
People from Encino, Los Angeles
People from Portage County, Ohio
Recipients of the Air Medal
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
United States Army Air Forces officers
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II |
Daniel Barber (October 1756 – 1834) was an American priest of the Episcopal Church priest who became a prominent convert to Roman Catholicism. b.Simsbury, Connecticut, U.S.A. – d.1834 at Saint Inigoes, Maryland
Life
Barber was born in Simsbury, Connecticut.
Barber served two terms as a soldier in the Continental Army. At thirty years old, he was ordained a minister of the Episcopal Church at Schenectady, New York. He married Chloe Case, daughter of Judge Owen of Simsbury, Connecticut, and about 1787, with his wife, his three sons, and a daughter, moved to Claremont, New Hampshire. He exercised the duties of the ministry at the Union Church for thirty years. The reading of a Catholic book opened up for him the issue of the validity of Anglican orders, by impugning Archbishop Parker's consecration. He visited for a conference Bishop Cheverus, then a priest in Boston. Cheverus answered his questions and gave him a number of books to read.
In 1807, at the instance of her parents, he baptized Fanny Allen, daughter of General Ethan Allen, who subsequently became a convert and died a nun in the convent of the Hotel-Dieu, Montreal. A visit he made there greatly impressed him, and Miss Allen's change of faith indirectly had much to do with his own conversion.
His son, Virgil Horace Barber, who was a minister in charge of an Episcopal academy at Fairfield, near Utica, New York, read John Milner's "End of Controversy" after a visit to Claremont. This visit resulted in the conversion of both husband and wife in 1817. The following year Virgil returned to Claremont from New York, taking with him Father Charles Ffrench, a Dominican who was officiating there at St. Peter's church. The priest remained a week in Daniel Barber's house preaching and saying Mass, with the result that he had seven converts, including Chloe Barber and her children, Mrs. Noah Tyler, who was Daniel Barber's sister, and her eldest daughter Rosetta. Mrs. Tyler was the mother of William Tyler, first Bishop of Hartford, Connecticut. Her husband and six other children were subsequently converted.
Daniel Barber's son and grandson, Vergil and Samuel, eventually entered the Jesuits. Vergil's wife Jerusha joined the Visitation order. Vergil and Jerusha's three daughters became Ursuline nuns.
Daniel Barber was not baptized with his wife, but on 15 November 1818, gave up his place as minister of the Episcopal parish of Claremont. Barber went to visit friends in Maryland and Washington, where he entered the Catholic Church. Chloe Barber died in her seventy-ninth year, 8 February 1825. Daniel spent the rest of his life, after the death of his wife, in Maryland and Pennsylvania, near his son Virgil. He died in 1834 at the house of the Society of Jesus at Saint Inigoes, Maryland.
Works
Two pamphlets, printed at Washington, "Catholic Worship and Piety Explained and Recommended in Sundry Letters to a Very Dear Friend and Others" (1821), and "History of My Own Times", give details of his life and convictions.
In "History of My Own Times" (Washington, 1827) he states that his father and mother were Congregational Dissenters, of strict Puritan principles, and he continued in that sect until his twenty-seventh year, when he joined the Episcopalians.
References
Attribution
1756 births
1834 deaths
People from Simsbury, Connecticut
Anglican priest converts to Roman Catholicism
American Episcopal priests
Continental Army soldiers
People of colonial Connecticut
People of Connecticut in the American Revolution
Catholics from Connecticut
19th-century American Episcopalians |
The Golden Apple Award (1941–2001) was an American award presented to entertainers by the Hollywood Women's Press Club, usually in recognition of behavior rather than performance.
History
The award was presented from 1941 until 2001, when the Hollywood Women's Press Club became inactive. The awards ceremony included Golden Apples to recognize actors for being easy to work with, as well as the Sour Apple Award (not presented in some years) chastising actors for being rude or difficult. Winners of the former include Bob Hope (1941), Mae West (1969) and Billy Crystal (1989) and winners of the latter include Frank Sinatra (1946, 1951, and 1974), Elvis Presley (1966) Joan Rivers (1983), and Dale Robertson (3 times).
From 1941 to 1966, the Golden Apple winners were specifically called "The Most Cooperative Actor/Actress", while the Sour Apple winners were specifically called "The Least Cooperative Actor/Actress". Starting in 1967, the Golden Apple winners were specifically called "The Male/Female Star of the Year", while the Sour Apple winner was called, simply, "The Sour Apple Winner". From 1974 onwards, there were additional—though sporadic—presentations of Golden Apples for "New Star", "New Discovery", "Daytime Star" and "Hollywood Legend".
Louella Parsons Award
The Louella Parsons Award was introduced in 1970. This "Lifetime Achievement" award was named for columnist Louella Parsons, founder of the Hollywood Women's Press Club. Recipients include Danny Thomas (1970), Bob Hope (1975), Henry Winkler (1982), George Sidney (1995), Kirk Douglas (1999), Aaron Spelling (1998), and Liz Smith (2000).
References
External links
Official Database 1941–2001
American film awards
Awards established in 1941 |
The Bennett Collection is an art collection established and maintained by art collectors and philanthropists, Steven Alan Bennett and Dr. Elaine Melotti Schmidt of San Antonio, Texas. They are also the founders of the Bennett Prize for Women Figurative Realists, which awards $50,000 biennially to a woman figurative realist painter following a juried competition followed by a traveling exhibition of the works of the 10 finalists for the Prize.
History
Bennett and Schmidt established the collection in 2009. At that time, the couple began collecting art with a special emphasis on paintings of women by women artists. In the intervening years, the couple has acquired a collection of paintings of women by women. These works span the period from the early 1600s to the present and include works by deceased artists as well as those by important women painters working today. Both Bennett and Schmidt have stated that among their primary goals in starting the collection was to address what they viewed as systemic discrimination against women artists by ‘big art’ and to promote figurative realism, a genre they believe has fallen out of favor because of the bias of curators and museum directors in favor of abstraction and avant-garde art.
The Collection
The collection contains both contemporary and historic paintings exclusively by women artists of women subjects and sitters. The collection is also limited in that it includes only ‘figurative realist’ artworks, which the couple defines as work “in which the realistically depicted human figure is central to and a principal focus of the work.”
Initially started as a collection of works by living women painters, The Bennett Collection comprises over 200 works by women artists. As stated by Bennett, “[the collection] is a place that shows what is possible for contemporary figurative realists and provides an example of what women painters are capable of. Eventually, we would hope that both communities, figurative realists and women painters get a boost from what we are doing.” Shortly after beginning their collecting activities, Bennett and Schmidt, who are married, decided to add work by historic women painters to those of the contemporary artists already in the collection. In making this decision, the couple felt that the addition of historical women artists would boost the collectability of the work of living women artists.
The Bennett Collection includes several historic works including pieces by Mary Cassatt, Artemisia Gentileschi, Elaine de Kooning, Sarah Miriam Peale, Agnes Martin, and Suzanne Valadon. Among the living artists represented in the collection are major works by Julie Bell, Margaret Bowland, Andrea Kowch, Alyssa Monks, Zoey Frank, Xenia Hausner, SuSu, Katie O’Hagan, Harmonia Rosales, and Kathrin Longhurst, among numerous others.
References
External links
Private art collections
Art collections |
Muir Middle School / John Muir Middle School, a common name for a number of schools
Muir Middle School may refer to:
Muir Middle School (Milford, Michigan), school in Huron Valley School District
John Muir Middle School may refer to any of the following schools in the United States:
John Muir Middle School (Burbank, California)
John Muir Middle School (Corcoran, California), school in Corcoran, California
John Muir Middle School (Los Angeles), school in LA's Promise system of schools (formerly known as MLA Partner Schools)
John Muir Middle School (San Jose, California), school in San Jose Unified School District
John Muir Middle School (San Leandro, California), school in San Leandro Unified School District
John Muir Middle School (Milwaukee, Wisconsin), part of the Milwaukee Public Schools
John Muir Middle School (Wausau, Wisconsin), part of the Wausau School District |
Oliver Wade Hall-Craggs (born 9 January 1966) is a British rower and Olympic sculler. He is the former head coach at Durham University Boat Club, a position he held between 2000 -2021, in this time he mainly coached the heavy-weight men. He represented Great Britain in the single scull event at the 1992 Summer Olympics. He is now coaching at St Peter's College Adelaide, Australia's leading school rowing program, and the winners of the Barrington Cup in 2021
Hall-Craggs read Archaeology at Grey College, Durham (1985-1988).
References
External links
1966 births
Living people
English male rowers
British male rowers
Rowers at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Durham University Boat Club rowers
Alumni of Grey College, Durham
Olympic rowers for Great Britain |
T. lutea may refer to:
Taperina lutea, a daddy longlegs
Thalesia lutea, a broomrape native to North America
Thunbergia lutea, an Old World plant
Tigridia lutea, a South American plant
Trapezia lutea, a guard crab
Trapezites lutea, an Australian butterfly
Trimezia lutea, a New World plant
Tulipa lutea, a perennial plant |
Batubara Regency is a regency on North Sumatra's eastern shoreline, with Limapuluh as its seat. It was carved out from the seven most westerly coastal districts of Asahan Regency with effect from 15 June 2007. The new regency covers an area of 885.89 km2, and had a population of 375,885 at the 2010 Census and 410,678 at the 2020 Census, of whom 206,551 were male and 204,127 were female; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 416,367.
Administrative districts
From 2007 until 2017 the regency was divided administratively into seven districts (kecamatan), but at the end of 2017 five additional districts were created by the division of four of the existing districts. The districts are tabulated below from east to west with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2022. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages (desa and kelurahan) in each district and its post code:
Note: (a) includes small offshore islands of Pandang and Salahnama. (b) the 2010 population of the new Nibung Hangus District is included with the figure for Tanjung Tiram District, from which it was cut out. (c) the 2010 population of the new Datuk Tanah Datar District is included with the figure for Talawi District, from which it was cut out. (d) the 2010 population of the new Lima Puluh Pesisir and Datuk Lima Puluh Districts are included with the figure for Lima Puluh District, from which they were cut out. (e) the 2010 population of the new Laut Tador District is included with the figure for Sei Suka District, from which it was cut out.
Transport
On 27 January 2015 groundbreaking for the new Kuala Tanjung Port began. The port will accommodate 60 million TEUs (twenty-foot equivalent units) per year as the biggest port in West Indonesia, bigger than Tanjung Priok Port, in Jakarta with only 15 million TEUs per year.
References
Regencies of North Sumatra
2007 establishments in Indonesia |
The Papercut Chronicles II is the fifth studio album by American rap rock band Gym Class Heroes. It was released through Decaydance Records, Warner Bros. Records and Fueled by Ramen on November 15, 2011. It serves as a sequel to the group's second album, The Papercut Chronicles (2005). The album has sold 88,000 copies in the United States.
Singles
The album's lead single, "Stereo Hearts" featuring Adam Levine from Maroon 5 was released for download via iTunes on June 14, 2011. It peaked at number 4 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart.
The album's second single, "Ass Back Home" featuring Neon Hitch was released for download via iTunes on October 31, 2011.
The album's third single, "The Fighter" featuring Ryan Tedder of OneRepublic was released on November 8, 2011.
The album's fourth single, "Martyrial Girls" was released on August 27, 2012.
Promotional singles
The album's first and only promotional single, "Life Goes On" featuring Oh Land was released for download via iTunes on October 18, 2011.
Critical reception
Reception of The Papercut Chronicles II has been mixed. Kyle Anderson of Entertainment Weekly opined that while the album "too often chokes on revved-up aggro crunch and laughable lyrical raging against the machine, it works when they jettison their limp rap-rock instincts and plunge into crossover pop like the haunting 'Life Goes On' and stealthily sincere 'Ass Back Home'." Gregory Heaney of AllMusic noted that The Papercut Chronicles II will come as a "blast from the past" for the band's fans, adding that songs such as "Lazarus, Ze Gitan" and "Solo Discotheque (Whiskey Bitness)" feature the "infectious and highly polished sound that has made the quartet the pop/rap/punk crossover triple threat that it's grown into over the years." In a highly negative review of the record, Jody Rosen of Rolling Stone gave the record one and a half stars out of five, calling it "the year's most charmless album" and referring to McCoy as a "laughably inept MC".
Track listing
The track listing for all versions of The Papercut Chronicles II is as follows:
The song "Kid Nothing and the Never-Ending Naked Nightmare" itself ends at 3:53. There is then a few minutes of silence, then at 7:07 a hidden track outro starts, which involves a computerized voice asking what the listener thought about the album, then going off into random tangents.
Charts
Release history
References
2011 albums
Gym Class Heroes albums
Albums produced by Benny Blanco
Albums produced by Emile Haynie
Albums produced by Ryan Tedder
Sequel albums
Fueled by Ramen albums
Warner Records albums |
Keisha Hampton (born February 22, 1990) is an American professional basketball player for the Chicago Sky of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). She signed a training camp contract for the Connecticut Sun on April 1, 2014, but was waived prior to the start of the season. On March 30, 2016, she was signed by the Minnesota Lynx for the 2016 WNBA season. Prior to the 2017 WNBA season she was traded to the Chicago Sky.
Career statistics
WNBA
Regular season
|-
| align="left" | 2016
| align="left" | Minnesota
| 27 || 0 || 6.8 || .333 || .333 || .870 || 0.4 || 0.4 || 0.3 || 0.1 || 0.4 || 2.6
|-
| align="left" | 2017
| align="left" | Chicago
| 19 || 1 || 7.8 || .414 || .417 || 1.000 || 0.6 || 0.3 || 0.3 || 0.2 || 0.3 || 3.6
|-
| align="left" | Career
| align="left" | 2 years, 2 teams
| 46 || 1 || 7.2 || .374 || .375 || .897 || 0.5 || 0.3 || 0.3 || 0.1 || 0.3 || 3.0
Playoffs
|-
| align="left" | 2016
| align="left" | Minnesota
| 4 || 0 || 2.0 || .500 || .333 || .000 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.5 || 1.3
|-
| align="left" | Career
| align="left" | 1 year, 1 team
| 4 || 0 || 2.0 || .500 || .333 || .000 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.5 || 1.3
College statistics
Source
References
External links
USA Basketball: Keisha Hampton
Basketball has been in Keisha Hampton's blood from the start – ESPN
1990 births
Living people
American women's basketball players
Basketball players from Philadelphia
DePaul Blue Demons women's basketball players
Minnesota Lynx players
Chicago Sky players
Seattle Storm draft picks
FISU World University Games gold medalists for the United States
Universiade medalists in basketball
Forwards (basketball)
Medalists at the 2011 Summer Universiade |
Milagro y magia (English title: Miracle and magic) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Roberto Gómez Bolaños and Florinda Meza for Televisa in 1991. It starred by Florinda Meza, Miguel Palmer, Ofelia Guilmáin, Tony Carbajal, Carlos Bracho and Rafael Sánchez Navarro.
Plot
After the Mexican Revolution, two orphans, Elisa and Pepe, leave the province for the capital. They are trying to survive. During the trip they meet an older child, Adrian, who takes them to his home. Here lives Macaria, an old witch that gathers and exploits children, send them to steal.
After some years, Adrian tries to violate Elisa and Pepe to save it hurts Adrian, then the two beyond Mexico City. Then they have to be separated. Wandering the streets, Elisa finds Roberto, an acrobat, and his dog. He helps you. With them: Don Roque and Dona Rufina, two janitors who treat Elisa as a daughter.
Roberto and Elisa loved, but he is afraid because he is 20 years older than her. In its tour are Pepe and go to work in a small circus. By mistake, Roberto believed to be the father of Elisa, then lost sight of each other, but Elisa will look to him for many years.
Then she meets Carlos Andrade a theater critic who falls for her. It offered to work in radio and television. Elisa becomes a movie star and meets a magnate: George Higgins, separated from his wife. She moves in with him and becomes pregnant.
During a trip to New York, George dies in a plane crash and Elisa remains the sole heir, shortly after giving birth to a girl named Fabiola. Elisa refuses to marry Carlos because he thinks Roberto.
But later, Elisa marries Arturo a swindler. This marriage is a failure. Elisa finally succeeds in finding Roberto, but he is dying in a hospital. Fabiola is now fiancée of Hector, who is the son of Roberto and Elisa the past returns ...
Cast
Florinda Meza as Elisa Carmichael
Miguel Palmer as Roberto
Ofelia Guilmáin as Rufina
Tony Carbajal as Roque
Carlos Bracho as George O'Higgins
Rafael Sánchez Navarro as Carlos Andrade
Juan Antonio Edwards as Pepe
Paulina Gómez Fernández as Fabiola
Xavier Ximénez as Hector
Lucía Guilmáin as Macaria
Miguel Pizarro as Adrián "El Coyote"
Miguel Angel Infante as Álvaro
Alberto Angel "El Cuervo" as Raúl
Lizzeta Romo as Salomé
Lili Inclán as Jimena
Eugenia Avendaño as Jacinta
Inés Morales as Cristina
Roberto Cañedo as Serafín
Laura Luz as Sofía
Moisés Suárez as Valerio
Héctor Yaber as Arturo
Leticia Montaño as Marina
Carlos Feria as Francisco
Raquel Morell as Yolanda
Lorena Patricia as Margot Escalante
Roberto Columba as Police
Lucy Reina as Lucía
Pablo Aura as Polilla
Christian Gascón as Polilla (child)
Karla Talavera as Elisa (child)
Micheline Kinery as Gabriela
Nahamin Pérez Fana as Elisa María
Paola Rojas as Fabiola (child)
Awards and nominations
References
External links
1991 telenovelas
1991 Mexican television series debuts
1991 Mexican television series endings
Spanish-language telenovelas
Television shows set in Mexico City
Televisa telenovelas |
Sun Sovannarith (; born 11 February 1985) is a former footballer who last played as a defender for ISI Dangkor Senchey in Cambodian Second League.
He has represented Cambodia at senior international level.
Honours
Club
Phnom Penh Crown
Cambodian League:2011
2011 AFC President's Cup: Runner up
Nagacorp FC
Cambodian League: 2009
Hun Sen Cup: 2013
Boeung Ket FC
Cambodian League:2017
International goals
References
External links
1987 births
Living people
Cambodian men's footballers
Cambodia men's international footballers
Preah Khan Reach Svay Rieng FC players
Men's association football defenders
Men's association football midfielders
Nagaworld FC players
Phnom Penh Crown FC players |
Artuma Fursi Jilee is a woreda located in the Oromia Zone of the Amhara region of Ethiopia. Artuma Fursi Jilee was bordered on the west by the North Shewa Zone, on the north by Chaffa Gola Dewerahmedo, and on the east by the Afar Region. Towns in Artuma Fursi Jilee included Adebela, Chefa Robit, Kichicho and Senbete. Artuma Fursi Jilee was divided into Artuma Fursi and Jilee Dhummuugaa woredas.
Important rivers in this woreda include the Borkana.
Demographics
Based on figures published by the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 209,858, of whom 104,520 are men and 105,338 are women; 14,403 or 6.86% of its population are urban dwellers, which is less than the zone average of 10.8%. With an estimated area of 1,871.56 square kilometers, Artuma Fursi Jilee had an estimated population density of 112.1 people per square kilometer, which is less than the zone average of 144.12.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 153,425 in 27,715 households, of whom 77,632 were men and 75,793 were women; 8,270 or 5.39% of its population were urban dwellers. The three largest ethnic groups reported in Artuma Fursi Jilee were the Oromo (78.68%), the Amhara (18.95%), and the Argobba (2.24%); all other ethnic groups made up 0.13% of the population. Oromiffa was spoken as a first language by 79.59%, and 20.31% spoke Amharic; the remaining 0.1% spoke all other primary languages reported. The majority of the inhabitants were Muslim, with 99.24% reporting that as their religion.
Notes
Districts of Amhara Region |
Zinc finger protein 280B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF280B gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor that upregulates expression of MDM2, which negatively regulates p53 expression. This gene is highly expressed in prostate cancer cells, which leads to a reduction in p53 levels and an increase in growth of the cancer cells. Several transcript variants have been found for this gene, but only one of them is protein-coding.
References
Human proteins |
Monica Paulus is a human rights activist from the Highlands of Papua New Guinea. She is a co-founder of the "Highlands Women Human Rights Defenders Network" and of "Stop Sorcery Violence" and concentrates her efforts on protecting women who have been accused of witchcraft or sorcery.
Biography
Monica Paulus comes from the village of Aregol, in Simbu Province in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea. She is the mother of three children. As a young woman, she suffered considerable violence. In 2000 she joined a women's organization, Meri I Kirap Sapotim (Women Arise and Support). In the village, she began to put into practice what she learnt in order to defend women and children in village courts and mediations and to document cases. On occasion, she would report villagers, including her family, to the police. In March 2005, she and other women came together to form the Highlands Women Human Rights Defenders Network, with the help of Oxfam and the United Nations. They worked in small local groups to address, in particular, sorcery-related violence, but managed to make a change in the whole country with support from central government.
When her father died of a heart attack, her brother accused her of causing his death by witchcraft, in order to appropriate her share of the inheritance. Fearing for her life, she fled to the town of Goroka, after her family and the other people in the village had burnt her house down. The belief in black magic, sorcery, evil spirits and witches is widespread in Papua New Guinea and accusations of sorcery are common, particularly in the Highlands. Only in 2013 did the government repeal a law that criminalised sorcery and allowed accusations of witchcraft as a defence in murder cases. Sorcery is believed to account for sudden or unexplained death or illness, and women are six times more likely to be accused of sorcery than men. Sorcery accusations all too often become a form of family violence, with abusive husbands threatening or using such accusations to silence and control women. When the accused try to take shelter with relatives, their families often reject them as their "bride price" would have to be returned if the bride left the husband's home.
Every year, thousands of suspected "witches" and "sorcerers" are attacked in PNG. Few cases are prosecuted. Since her own experience, Paulus has provided assistance to people accused of witchcraft, giving them a place to hide, medical care, food, and contact with other people in a similar situation. Women are often accompanied by their babies, because according to the traditions of the country, if a woman is a witch, so are her children. Paulus assists women to go to the police and, if necessary, she helps them to relocate out of their communities. As one who had no one to help her when she was accused of sorcery, she feels strongly that someone must be available to support the accused women.
The work of Paulus has placed her and her children at risk from the police, the community and also the families of the perpetrators of violence. She had had her house broken into and everything taken and received death threats. Moving from place to place has become normal. She requested funds from the charity, Front Line Defenders, and moved to another province. Later, she had to move again. Paulus has worked with the "Kup Women for Peace", sponsored by Oxfam, which aims to put an end to inter-tribal warfare and ensure violence-free elections in part of Simbu. She has also worked with the YWCA and has been an interpreter for two UN Special Rapporteurs.
Honours and awards
In 2016, Paulus was part of the Protective Fellowship Scheme at the Centre for Applied Human Rights of the University of York in the United Kingdom. The fellowship allowed her to compare the PNG national action plan on sorcery and witchcraft-related violence and its activities, and incorporate the Highlands Women Human Rights Defenders' activities into that plan.
In 2015, Paulus was one of 47 "Women of Achievement" celebrated by UN Women on the 20th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration, which had been issued at the World Conference on Women, 1995.
In 2015, Paulus was a recipient of one of the Papua New Guinea Awards for Women, for her bravery and courage.
In 2014, Amnesty International Australia described her as one of the bravest women in the world during its International Women's Day celebration.
In 2021, she was recognized as one of the BBC's 100 women
References
External links
Video in which Paulus describes her organization
Interview with Paulus
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Papua New Guinean victims of crime
Papua New Guinean women's rights activists
Papua New Guinean women activists
People from Chimbu Province
Women human rights activists
Violence against women in Papua New Guinea |
State of Shock is D.I.'s fifth full-length studio album. It was released in 1994 via Doctor Dream Records. The album marked a reunion with original drummer John Knight, who had departed after 1986's Horse Bites Dog Cries.
Critical reception
AllMusic wrote that the album "confounds the stereotypes of ... re-formations by sounding authentic and energetic while featuring some of the best material the band has released." The Los Angeles Times wrote: "Still vigorous at 35, [Casey] Royer shows that, even for an inveterate and unchanging punk, there is a livable middle way between Neil Young's dreaded rust and a premature crash-and-burn. It's not a bad example for a big brother to set for a new generation of punk rock youth."
Track listing
"Hated" (Michael Calabro, John Knight, Casey Royer) — 3:22
"Clownhouse" (Calabro, Knight, Royer) — 2:54
"What Is Life?" (Royer, Fredric Taccone) — 3:17
"Runaround" (Calabro, Knight, Royer) — 2:13
"Colors and Blood" (Taccone) — 3:00
"It's Not Right" (Royer, Taccone) — 2:45
"Paranoid's Demise" (Royer, Taccone)— 2:53
"Dream" (Taccone, Nichols, Royer) — 2:35
"Better Than Expected" (Royer, Taccone) — 3:06
"Martyr Man" (Calabro, Taccone, Knight, Royer) — 4:33
"Lexicon Devil" (Darby Crash, Pat Smear) — 1:47
Cleopatra Re-release Bonus Tracks
"Two Girls, One Stein" — 3:01
"Hysteria" — 2:18
"Buttons" — 3:14
"Loser" — 2:40
Personnel
Casey Royer - Lead Vocals
Michael Calabro - Guitars
Fredric Taccone - Bass
John Knight - Drums
Steve Lyen - Drums
Tim Maag - Guitars
References
1994 albums
D.I. (band) albums |
The Abortion Rights Campaign (ARC) is an Irish abortion rights group. The group's goal is the introduction of free and legal abortion in Ireland and Northern Ireland. Prior to May 2018, the group campaigned for the repeal of the Eighth Amendment of the Irish Constitution, which was achieved with the passing of the Thirty-Sixth Amendment 2018. The ARC also campaigns for the Northern Ireland Assembly on behalf of abortion legislation and "to ensure the health of women in pregnancy is protected in line with international human rights standards".
History
The Abortion Rights Campaign was founded by 40 people on 10 July 2012. Initially formed as the Irish Choice Network, after another meeting in the Gresham Hotel in Dublin on 8 December 2012 and another meeting on 19 January 2013 the Abortion Rights Campaign was formally launched. It has organized the annual March for Choice in Dublin since 2013.
ARC was one of the main partner organizations in Together for Yes, the civil society group advocating a Yes vote in the 2018 referendum. One of ARC's founding members was a co-director of Together for Yes. ARC's network of regional groups across the island of Ireland formed the basis for many Together for Yes groups in several counties in Ireland.
In January 2016, they received a grant of €23,000 from Open Society Foundations for "educational and stigma-busting projects." SIPO, a national ethics watchdog, sent a warning, reasoning that the money had been raised for a political purpose and therefore non-compliant. The ARC returned the money in November 2016 "in order to comply with all regulatory frameworks". The story was first reported by The Irish Catholic in late March 2017.
Structure
ARC is an all-volunteer, non-hierarchical organization. Members elect a Convening Group annually, which convenes a Steering Group made up of representatives of several working groups and regional groups. Decision-making is carried out by the Steering Group during regular meetings. There is no singular leader or spokesperson of ARC, as the Convening and Working Group roles change regularly. This structure is intended to encourage engagement and activity from members, and to avoid permanent hierarchies.
March for Choice
The Abortion Rights Campaign's annual March for Choice is normally held on the Global Day of Action for Safe and Legal Access to Abortion. The March for Choice is organized by ARC, attended by the public, various national abortion rights groups, trade unions such as Unite, Mandate, Teachers Union of Ireland, National Union of Journalists and Union of Students in Ireland, political parties including Labour, Solidarity–People Before Profit, and the Social Democrats, and international groups such as Catholics for Choice.
The most recent March for Choice was held on 29 September 2018, the first since the vote to repeal the Eighth Amendment. The theme was 'Free Safe Legal', the slogan of ARC, and was chosen to "show [their] support for stigma-free abortion access for anyone who wants or needs one, regardless of their financial or legal status".
Speakers included ARC co-conveners Sarah Monaghan and Denise O'Toole, Zanele Sibindi of Movement of Asylum Seekers in Ireland, Evie Nevin of Disabled People for Choice, and Emma Campbell and Kellie O'Dowd from the Belfast-based Alliance for Choice.
The 2017 March for Choice was held on 30 September, and over 40,000 people took part. The rally at the march's conclusion was addressed by Bernadette Devlin McAliskey. Additional "sympathy marches" were held in 20 cities around the world, including London, Sydney and Nicosia.
References
External links
2012 establishments in Ireland
Abortion-rights organisations in Ireland |
Briann January (born January 11, 1987) is a former American professional basketball player for the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) and current assistant coach for the Connecticut Sun. After a successful college career at Arizona State University, January was drafted by the Indiana Fever with the sixth overall pick in the 2009 WNBA draft. She has also played for the Phoenix Mercury, the Connecticut Sun, and the Seattle Storm.
Personal life
Briann Jolie January was born in Spokane, Washington on January 11, 1987, the daughter of Barry, a karate instructor, and Sally, a teacher. She has an older sister, Aleisha (Anderson), brother-in-law Calvin, and a younger sister, Kiara. She also has a niece, Leilani and two nephews, Caiden and Cord’e. January holds a black belt in karate.
High school
January was a 2005 graduate of Lewis and Clark High School in Spokane, Washington, earning first-team all-state honors by both the Associated Press and the Seattle Times. January served as a team captain in track and field as a senior. She won the state high jump title in 2004, with her personal best in the high jump being 5–8. Led Lewis and Clark to a 25–3 record and an appearance in the state semifinals as a senior, averaging 13 points a game in her final season, and was team MVP and assists leader in each of her four seasons.
College career
January attended Arizona State University for four seasons. As a freshman, January was named to the Pac-10's 2006 All-Freshman Team after a season in which she finished first on the team in both assists (86) and steals (46). The 86 assists represented the second-highest total ever for a Sun Devil freshman. When January was a sophomore she earned All-Pac-10 Honorable Mention honors for a season in which she finished No. 3 in the Pac-10 in steals (2.1 per game), No. 4 in assists (4.0 per game), No. 4 in assist-to-turnover ratio (1.67) and No. 6 in free throw percentage (81.7). In her final season as a Sun Devil, January set the school's single-season record for 3-point field goals (65). She also tied the school's single-game record with seven 3-pointers in ASU's win at UC Davis on December 3. After four seasons as a Sun Devil, January is the only player in school history to lead the team in steals and assists four straight years.
Entering her senior season at Arizona State in 2008, January appeared on a regional cover of Sports Illustrated with fellow Sun Devil and future NBA star James Harden.
College statistics
Source
WNBA career
January was drafted with the 6th overall pick in the 2009 WNBA draft by the Indiana Fever. As a rookie in the WNBA, January came off the bench, playing 33 games with 4 starts while averaging 6.9 points per game for the Fever. January also experienced her first WNBA finals appearance in her rookie season with the Fever, who were led by Tamika Catchings and Katie Douglas advanced all the way to the 2009 WNBA Finals where they lost 3-2 to the Phoenix Mercury. En route to the finals, January was able to provide an offensive spark off the bench for the Fever during the playoffs, averaging 10.6 points per game in 10 games.
In the 2011 season, January officially became the starting point guard for the Fever, but after playing only 10 games, she was sidelined for the rest of the season with a torn ACL.
In 2012, January came back healthy and averaged a career-high 10.3 points per game. She was the Fever's third-leading scorer on the roster that would eventually win the WNBA Championship, they had defeated the championship-defending Minnesota Lynx 3-1 in the finals.
In 2014, January was named a WNBA All-Star for the first time in her career, she had tied her career-high in scoring average for the whole season.
In 2015, January was shooting a career-high in both field goal and 3-point percentage. The Fever advanced to the finals for the second time in four years. They had once again faced the Minnesota Lynx but lost the series in five games.
In 2016 and 2017, January would be named to first and second all-defensive team respectively.
After nine seasons played with the Fever, January was traded to the Phoenix Mercury in exchange for a top-10 draft pick in March 2018. In 2018, January would be the starting point guard for the Mercury, joining Diana Taurasi in the backcourt. She would put a new career-high in 3-point percentage while leading the league in that category. The Mercury finished 20-14 with the number 5 seed in the league. They would defeat the Dallas Wings in the first round elimination game 101-83. In the second round elimination game, the Mercury defeated the Connecticut Sun 96-86. In the semi-finals, the Mercury lost in five games to the Seattle Storm.
In 2019, January re-signed with the Mercury to a multi-year deal. On July 10, 2019, January scored a season-high 18 points in a 91-68 victory against the Washington Mystics. The Mercury finished as the number 8 seed with a 15-19 record. The Mercury were eliminated in the first round elimination game 105-76 by the Chicago Sky.
Overseas career
For the 2009–10 off-season, January played in Turkey for Tarsus Belediyes. In the 2010–11 off-season, January played in Israel for Raanana Hertzeliya. In the 2012–13 off-season, January played in Israel once again for Elektra Ramat Hasharon. In the 2013–14 off-season, January played in Brazil for Maranhao Basquete. In the 2014–15 off-season, January played in Turkey once again for Adana ASKİ SK. In July 2016, January signed with Adana ASKİ SK for a second stint during the 2016–17 off-season. In 2019, January signed with Sopron Basket of the Hungarian League for the 2019-20 off-season.
Coaching career
January spent the 2013–14 off-season as a volunteer assistant coach for the Adelphi University women's basketball program. With January's help, the team advanced to the NCAA tournament as a #2 seed, after losing 48 games over the previous 3 seasons. In August 2017, it was announced that January would be the assistant coach for Arizona State's women's basketball team during the off-season.
January returned to the coaching world when the Connecticut Sun announced her as a new assistant coach for Stephanie White's staff on January 3, 2023.
WNBA statistics
Regular season
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2009
| style="text-align:left;"| Indiana
| 33 || 4 || 20.7 || .333 || .287 || .851 || 1.9 || 2.3 || 1.0 || 0.0 || 1.7 || 6.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2010
| style="text-align:left;"| Indiana
| 30 || 7 || 21.9 || .371 || .356 || .826 || 2.0 || 3.1 || 1.2 || 0.1 || 2.2 || 7.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2011
| style="text-align:left;"| Indiana
| 10 || 10 ||28.6||.357||.318||.829|| 1.4 || 5.0 || 1.5 || 0.0 || 3.3 || 8.6
|-
|style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"| 2012†
| style="text-align:left;"| Indiana
| 31 || 26 || 28.4 ||.404 ||.430 || .874 || 1.8 || 3.9 || 1.1 || 0.1 || 2.4 || 10.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2013
| style="text-align:left;"| Indiana
| 32 || 32 ||29.6||.348 ||.357 ||.811 || 2.4 || 3.7 || 1.0 || 0.1 || 2.4 || 9.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2014
| style="text-align:left;"| Indiana
| 31 || 31 ||28.9||.387 ||.383 ||.880 || 1.6 || 3.7 || 1.2 || 0.2 || 2.2 || 10.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2015
| style="text-align:left;"| Indiana
| 29 || 29 ||27.0||.426 ||style="background:#D3D3D3"|.431° ||.845 || 1.8 || 3.4 || 1.0 || 0.2 || 2.1 || 8.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2016
| style="text-align:left;"| Indiana
| 29 || 27 ||28.1||.401 ||.392 ||.875 || 1.8 || 4.7 || 1.2 || 0.1 || 1.7 || 9.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2017
| style="text-align:left;"| Indiana
| 25 || 24 ||26.3||.395||.316 ||.817 || 1.5 || 3.9 || 0.9 || 0.1 || 2.1 || 9.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2018
| style="text-align:left;"| Phoenix
| 33 || 33 ||27.1||.423||style="background:#D3D3D3"|.470°||.806 || 2.1 || 3.3 || 0.5 || 0.1 || 1.4 || 7.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2019
| style="text-align:left;"| Phoenix
| 32 || 26 ||26.6|| .390 || .378 ||.836 || 1.3 || 3.3 || 0.8 || 0.0 || 1.6 || 6.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2020
| style="text-align:left;"| Connecticut
| 33 || 13 || 23.3 || .293 || .355 || .833 || 1.2 || 3.4 || 0.6 || 0.2 || 1.2 || 5.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2021
| style="text-align:left;"| Connecticut
| 29 || 29 || 30.2 || .425 || .380 || .868 || 1.4 || 3.1 || 0.9 || 0.1 || 1.8 || 7.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2022
| style="text-align:left;"| Seattle
| 36 || 5 || 16.9 || .377 || .311 || .826 || 1.0 || 2.4 || 0.6 || 0.2 || 1.5 || 3.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| Career
| style="text-align:left;"|14 years, 4 teams
| 393 || 293 || 25.8 || .385 || .376 || .845 || 1.7 || 3.4 || 1.0 || 0.1 || 2.0 || 7.8
Playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2009
| style="text-align:left;"| Indiana
| 10 || 0 || 38.5 || .385 || .414 || .850 || 2.4 || 3.0 || 0.4 || 0.0 || 1.3|| 10.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2010
| style="text-align:left;"| Indiana
| 3 || 0 || 19.7 || .313 || .200 || .900 || 1.3 || 2.0 || 0.3 || 0.0 || 2.6 || 6.7
|-
|style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"| 2012†
| style="text-align:left;"| Indiana
| 10 || 10 || 34.1 || .426|| .227 || .900 || 2.3 || 3.8 || 1.6 || 0.3 || 3.0 || 11.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2013
| style="text-align:left;"| Indiana
| 4||4||29.6||.370 ||.444|| .857 || 2.8 || 3.5 || 0.5 || 0.0 || 2.0 ||7.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2014
| style="text-align:left;"| Indiana
| 5||5||35.2||.322||.353||.833||2.8||4.2||1.2||0.8||2.0||12.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2015
| style="text-align:left;"| Indiana
| 11||11||32.2||.407||.286||.933 ||2.3||5.0||1.3||0.2||2.7||11.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2016
| style="text-align:left;"| Indiana
| 1||1||33.3||.308||.000||.667||0.0||9.0||3.0||0.0||1.0||12.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2018
| style="text-align:left;"| Phoenix
| 7||7||35.4||.352||.276||.667||2.9||3.7||0.7||0.0||1.0||7.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2019
| style="text-align:left;"| Phoenix
| 1||1||26.4||.429||.000|| 1.000||2.0||2.0||1.0||0.0||3.0||12.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2020
| style="text-align:left;"| Connecticut
| 7 || 7 || 32.6 || .347 || .345 || 1.000 || 1.9 || 3.6 || 0.9 || 0.0 || 0.9 || 9.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2021
| style="text-align:left;"| Connecticut
| 3 || 3 || 34.0 || .529 || .625 || .676 || 2.3 || 3.0 || 1.0 || 0.0 || 1.7 || 10.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2022
| style="text-align:left;"| Seattle
| 6 || 0 || 7.2 || .500 || .00 || .00 || 0.5 || 1.2 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.7 || 1.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| Career
| style="text-align:left;"| 12 years, 4 teams
| 68 || 49 || 28.7 || .384 || .324 || .855 || 2.2 || 3.6 || 0.9 || 0.2 || 1.8 || 9.3
References
External links
1987 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Brazil
American expatriate basketball people in Israel
American expatriate basketball people in Turkey
American women's basketball coaches
American women's basketball players
Arizona State Sun Devils women's basketball players
Basketball players from Spokane, Washington
Connecticut Sun players
Connecticut Sun coaches
Indiana Fever draft picks
Indiana Fever players
LGBT basketball players
LGBT people from Washington (state)
Lesbian sportswomen
Phoenix Mercury players
Point guards
Women's National Basketball Association All-Stars |
Ceruraphis is a genus of true bugs belonging to the family Aphididae.
The genus was first described by Börner in 1926.
The species of this genus are found in Europe and Northern America.
Species include:
Ceruraphis eriophori (Walker, 1848)
References
Hemiptera of North America
Aphididae |
Sahray-e Nimeh (, also Romanized as Şaḩrāy-e Nīmeh) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Larestan County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 151, in 37 families.
References
Populated places in Larestan County |
Blackwater River State Park is a Florida State Park located fifteen miles northeast of Milton, near Harold, off U.S. 90. The address is 7720 Deaton Bridge Road.
History
The park was certified a Registered State Natural Feature in 1980, for possessing exceptional value in illustrating the natural history of Florida. In 1982, an Atlantic white cedar there was recognized as a Florida Champion tree, one of the largest and oldest of its species.
Recreational activities
The park has such amenities as birding, boating, canoeing, fishing, hiking, kayaking, picnicking areas, swimming, tubing, wildlife viewing and full camping facilities. The main picnicking area has covered picnicking pavilions, restrooms, and a parking lot.
See also
Blackwater River State Forest
References
External links
Blackwater River State Park at Florida State Parks
Blackwater River State Park at State Parks
Parks in Santa Rosa County, Florida
State parks of Florida |
Arcangelo Corelli (1653–1713) was an Italian violinist and composer of Baroque music.
Corelli or Correlli may also refer to:
People
Given name
Correlli Barnett (born 1927), historian
Corelli C. W. Simpson (1837–1923), American poet, cookbook author, painter
Surname
Corelli (surname)
Buba Corelli (1989 - ), Bosnian rapper, songwriter, producer and entrepreneur
Franco Corelli (1921–2003), Italian tenor
Marie Corelli (1855–1924), British novelist
Other uses
Correlli, an Australian television series
See also
Captain Corelli's Mandolin, a novel by British author Louis de Bernières
Captain Corelli's Mandolin (film), a 2001 film based on the novel |
Blair James Barnes (September 21, 1960 – June 29, 2010) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger who played in one National Hockey League game for the Los Angeles Kings during the 1982–83 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1980 to 1984, was spent in the minor leagues.
Playing career and death
Barnes played three seasons with the Windsor Spitfires from 1977-1980 scoring 127 goals and 169 assists for 296 points in 198 games. He was selected by the Edmonton Oilers in the sixth round of the 1979 NHL Entry Draft and then played two seasons (1980–1982) with the Wichita Wind of the Central Hockey League before being traded to the Los Angeles Kings in 1982. Barnes played one season with the Kings AHL affiliate team, the New Haven Nighthawks and he scored 29 goals while recording 34 assists for 63 points in 72 games during the 1982-1983 season before being called up by the Kings, where he played his only National Hockey League game. He finished his hockey career with the AHL's Nova Scotia Voyageurs scoring 31 goals and adding 32 assists for 63 points in 80 games played. On June 29, 2010, he died from a heart attack.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
See also
List of players who played only one game in the NHL
References
External links
1960 births
2010 deaths
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Edmonton Oilers draft picks
Los Angeles Kings players
New Haven Nighthawks players
Nova Scotia Voyageurs players
Ice hockey people from Windsor, Ontario
Wichita Wind players
Windsor Spitfires players |
United Nations Security Council Resolution 2005 was unanimously adopted on 14 September 2011.
Resolution
Emphasizing the importance of international support to Sierra Leone during the 2012 elections and its quest for long-term peace, security and development, the Security Council decided this morning to extend the mandate of the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in that country for one year, until 15 September 2012.
By its unanimous adoption of resolution 2005 (2011), the Council determined that the Office, known as UNIPSIL, should support the Government in achieving peaceful, credible and democratic elections and continue to assist its efforts in conflict prevention and mitigation, and tackling youth unemployment, as well as the implementation of gender programmes and promoting good governance, the rule of law and human rights.
Though the text, it also tasked the Office with assisting the Government in its fight against corruption, illicit drug trafficking and organized crime and in strengthening national capacity in law enforcement, forensics, border management and the building of criminal justice institutions.
In all those efforts, the Council stressed that the Office should work within the Joint Vision of the United Nations country team and in coordination with the Peacebuilding Commission, which selected Sierra Leone as one of the first two countries to receive assistance in recovering from conflict.
The council, through the resolution, also urged the Government to step up its efforts to hold regular and inclusive dialogue on all major political, social and economic issues, calling on the Government, all political parties and other stakeholders to contribute to an atmosphere conducive to fair and peaceful elections.
See also
List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 2001 to 2100
References
External links
Text of the Resolution at undocs.org
2005
United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Sierra Leone
2011 in Sierra Leone
September 2011 events |
Sergey Eduardovich Tsvetkov () is a Russian historian, historical popular science writer and lecturer at the International University in Moscow. Since 2016 he is with the Russian Institute for Strategic Studies.
He graduated from the Moscow Oblast Pedagogical Institute, now
His largest work is the multi-volume Russian History ("Русская история"), where he rejects the Normanism theory of the origins of Russia and puts forth original theories of the term "Rus" and ethnic origins of the Russian people.
Books
Russian History series
Цветков С. Э. Русская история: книга первая. — М.: Центрполиграф, 2003.
Цветков С. Э. Русская история: книга вторая. — М.: Центрполиграф, 2004.
Цветков С. Э. Русская история: книга третья. — М.: Центрполиграф, 2006.
Цветков С. Э. Древняя Русь. Эпоха междоусобиц. 1054 - 1212. — М.: Центрполиграф, 2009.
Corrected and expanded re-editions of the volumes
Цветков С. Э. Начало русской истории. С древнейших времен до княжения Олега. М.: Центрполиграф, 2012.
Цветков С. Э. Русская земля. Между язычеством и христианством. От князя Игоря до сына его Святослава. М.: Центрполиграф, 2012.
Цветков С. Э. Эпоха единства Древней Руси. От Владимира Святого до Ярослава Мудрого. М.: Центрполиграф, 2012.
Цветков С. Э. Древняя Русь: Эпоха междоусобиц. От Ярославичей до Всеволода Большое Гнездо. М.: Центрполиграф, 2013.
Other
Цветков С. Э. Александр Первый, 1777—1825. — М.: Центрполиграф, 2005. — 589 с.
Цветков С. Э. Александр Суворов, 1730—1800: Беллетриз. биогр. — М.: Центрполиграф, 1999. — 503 с.
Цветков С. Э. Иван Грозный, 1530—1584: Беллетриз. биогр. — М.: Центрполиграф, 2000. — 586 c.
Цветков С. Э. Петр I, 1672—1725: Беллетриз. биогр. — М.: Центрполиграф, 2000. — 583 с.
Цветков С. Э. Царевич Дмитрий. Сын Грозного, 1582—1606. Марина Мнишек. — М.: Центрполиграф, 2005. — 444 c.
Цветков С. Э. Карл XII. Последний викинг. 1682—1718. — М.: Центрполиграф, 2005. — 476 с.
Цветков С. Э. Великое неизвестное. Magnum ignotum: Книги и судьбы. Забытые истории: Ист. миниатюры. — М.: Центрполиграф, 2002. — 508 c.
Цветков С. Э. Узники Бастилии: 1369—1789 гг. — М.: Армада-Пресс, 2001. — 310 с.
Цветков С. Э. Узники Тауэра: История замка. — М.: Армада-Пресс, 2001. — 380 c.
Дороги, объединяющие столицы: [альбом]. — М.: А2-А4, 2008. В соавторстве с С.Г.Антоненко (предисловие и вводные тексты к главам).
Сергей Цветков. Эпизоды истории в привычках, слабостях и пороках великих и знаменитых. — Аст, Астрель, ВКТ, 2011. — 448 с.
Сергей Цветков. Последняя война Российской империи. — М.: Редакционно-издательский центр «Классика», 2016. — 496 с., ил.
Сергей Цветков. Карлик Петра Великого: сб. исторических очерков и рассказов. М.: Политкнига, 2016.
Сергей Цветков. Викинг. Исторический путеводитель по эпохе князя Владимира. М.: Эксмо, 2016.
Сергей Цветков. Князь Владимир — создатель единой Руси. М.: Эксмо, 2017.
References
External links
Segey Tsvetkov at livejournal
1964 births
Living people
21st-century Russian historians
ru:Цветков, Сергей Эдуардович |
Mordellistena melvillensis is a species of beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae. It was discovered in 1917.
References
melvillensis
Beetles described in 1854 |
```go
package client
import (
"bytes"
"encoding/json"
"io/ioutil"
"net/http"
"net/url"
"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
"golang.org/x/net/context"
)
// NetworkInspect returns the information for a specific network configured in the docker host.
func (cli *Client) NetworkInspect(ctx context.Context, networkID string, verbose bool) (types.NetworkResource, error) {
networkResource, _, err := cli.NetworkInspectWithRaw(ctx, networkID, verbose)
return networkResource, err
}
// NetworkInspectWithRaw returns the information for a specific network configured in the docker host and its raw representation.
func (cli *Client) NetworkInspectWithRaw(ctx context.Context, networkID string, verbose bool) (types.NetworkResource, []byte, error) {
var (
networkResource types.NetworkResource
resp serverResponse
err error
)
query := url.Values{}
if verbose {
query.Set("verbose", "true")
}
resp, err = cli.get(ctx, "/networks/"+networkID, query, nil)
if err != nil {
if resp.statusCode == http.StatusNotFound {
return networkResource, nil, networkNotFoundError{networkID}
}
return networkResource, nil, err
}
defer ensureReaderClosed(resp)
body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.body)
if err != nil {
return networkResource, nil, err
}
rdr := bytes.NewReader(body)
err = json.NewDecoder(rdr).Decode(&networkResource)
return networkResource, body, err
}
``` |
Le Lanceur De Couteaux is a paper cut by Henri Matisse from 1947. It is from Jazz, 1947.
History
Tériade, a noted 20th-century art publisher, arranged to have Matisse's cutouts rendered as pochoir (stencil) prints. The Knife Thrower was a popular print from Henri Matisse's Jazz portfolio of pochoir prints.
See also
List of works by Henri Matisse
Paintings by Henri Matisse
1947 paintings
Paintings in Houston |
Francis Joseph Mullin (December 16, 1906 – February 13, 1997), also often known as F.J. Mullin or Joe Mullin, was an American academic and the seventh president of Shimer College. He was raised Catholic, but became an Episcopalian as a teenager. He was key in engineering Shimer's brief period as an Episcopal-affiliated college; the school had previously had a Baptist affiliation.
Early life and education
Mullin was born in 1906 in El Paso, Texas. He was the second son of Joseph Peter Mullin, who was the head of the International Business College in El Paso. He was orphaned at age 14, and passed from one relative to another. While living with his aunt, he converted from the Catholicism of his father's Irish family to the Episcopal faith of the maternal Norville side of his family.
Mullin received his bachelor's degree from the University of Missouri in 1929, and went on to study at the University of Chicago, where he completed his Master of Science in 1933 and his PhD in 1936.
From 1936 to 1938 Mullin was on the faculty of the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. Mullin served as a professor of medicine at the University of Chicago from 1939 to 1951, as well as serving as dean of students there for part of this time. He also served as dean of the faculties and professor of physiology at the Chicago Medical School from 1951 to 1954.
Shimer College presidency
In 1954 Mullin assumed the presidency of Shimer College, then located in Mount Carroll, Illinois. Shimer had adopted a four-year Great Books curriculum in 1950. Mullin sought to build "a community of scholars where intellectual inquiry is the highest value". The college at the time had extremely low levels of fundraising, due in part to its previous history as a junior college. Mullin tripled fundraising to approximately $150,000 per year, but nonetheless the college faced insolvency in the summer of 1956. By recruiting General Motors executive Nelson Dezendorf as a donor and trustee, Mullin was able to keep the college open.
In 1966, an internal struggle broke out within Shimer that subsequently became known as the "Grotesque Internecine Struggle". A group of dissident faculty, led initially by Dean David W. Weiser, complained that Mullin did not share the governance of the college sufficiently. With the support of the board, Mullin prevailed, but this led to the loss of a large number of students and faculty. Mullin tendered his resignation in 1967, and retired in August 1968.
Mullin and his wife, Alma Hill Mullin, had two sons. One of them was Mark Mullin, who authored a memoir including reminiscences of his father, entitled The Headmaster's Run (). The other was noted oceanographer Michael Mullin.
Works cited
Notes
See also
History of Shimer College
1906 births
1997 deaths
University of Chicago alumni
University of Missouri alumni
Presidents of Shimer College
Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science faculty
Shimer College faculty
University of Chicago faculty
20th-century American Episcopalians
Converts to Anglicanism from Roman Catholicism
Educators from El Paso, Texas
University of Texas Medical Branch faculty
American people of Irish descent
20th-century American academics |
Elliott Sandford (1840 – 1897) was chief justice of the Supreme Court of the Utah Territory from 1888 to 1889.
Born in Raynham, Massachusetts, Sandford received his undergraduate degree from Amherst College and his law degree from Columbia University. He practiced law primarily in New York City, until President Grover Cleveland appointed him as Chief Justice of the Utah Territorial Supreme Court in 1888 to succeed Charles S. Zane. As Chief Justice, Sandford was "severely criticized during this period for the leniency shown in both lack of prosecution and punishment of offenses under the anti-polygamy laws". Shortly after Benjamin Harrison was inaugurated to succeed Cleveland, Sandford drafted a letter of resignation, which he submitted two months later upon request from the administration. Sandford then returned to private practice in New York. He was succeeded on the court by the reappointment of Zane.
References
1840 births
1897 deaths
People from Raynham, Massachusetts
Amherst College alumni
Columbia Law School alumni
Justices of the Utah Supreme Court |
Mogilenskaya () is a rural locality (a village) in Kharovskoye Rural Settlement, Kharovsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 1 as of 2002.
Geography
Mogilenskaya is located 16 km northeast of Kharovsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Parshinskoye is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Kharovsky District |
Chak Bilgan is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab State, India. It is located away from postal head office Behram, from Banga, from district headquarter Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar and from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch Mr Balwant Singh, an elected representative of the village. Mr Jeevon Sian keeps close borders of Punjab and London.
Demography
As of 2011, Chak Bilgan has a total number of 389 houses and population of 1822 of which 903 include are males while 919 are females according to the report published by Census India in 2011. The literacy rate of Chak Bilgan is 87.42%, higher than the state average of 75.84%. The population of children under the age of 6 years is 193 which is 10.59% of total population of Chak Bilgan, and child sex ratio is approximately 921 as compared to Punjab state average of 846.
Most of the people are either Jatt sikhs or Ravidassias. Other prominent family names in the village consist of Bains, Sohals and Kajla. Schedule castes form 42.70% of total population in Chak Bilgan. The town does not have any Schedule Tribe population so far.
As per the report published by Census India in 2011, 547 people were engaged in work activities out of the total population of Chak Bilgan which includes 480 males and 67 females. According to census survey report 2011, 91.22% workers describe their work as main work and 8.78% workers are involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months.
Education
The village has a Punjabi medium, girls upper primary with secondary/higher secondary school founded in 1962. The schools provide mid-day meal as per Indian Midday Meal Scheme and the meal prepared in school premises. As per Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act the school provide free education to children between the ages of 6 and 14.
Amardeep Singh Shergill Memorial college Mukandpur and Sikh National College Banga are the nearest colleges. Lovely Professional University is away from the village.
Transport
Behram railway station is the nearest train station however, Phagwara Junction railway station is away from the village. Sahnewal Airport is the nearest domestic airport which located away in Ludhiana and the nearest international airport is located in Chandigarh also Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport is the second nearest airport which is away in Amritsar.
See also
List of villages in India
References
External links
Tourism of Punjab
Census of Punjab
Locality Based PINCode
Villages in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district |
```go
package client // import "github.com/docker/infrakit/pkg/rpc/client"
import (
"encoding/json"
"net/http"
"net/url"
"path"
"github.com/docker/infrakit/pkg/plugin"
"github.com/docker/infrakit/pkg/rpc"
"github.com/docker/infrakit/pkg/template"
)
// NewPluginInfoClient returns a plugin informer that can give metadata about a plugin
func NewPluginInfoClient(address string) (*InfoClient, error) {
u, httpC, err := parseAddress(address)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return &InfoClient{addr: address, client: httpC, url: u}, nil
}
// InfoClient is the client for retrieving plugin info
type InfoClient struct {
client *http.Client
addr string
url *url.URL
}
// GetInfo implements the Info interface and returns the metadata about the plugin
func (i *InfoClient) GetInfo() (plugin.Info, error) {
meta := plugin.Info{}
dest := *i.url
dest.Path = path.Clean(path.Join(i.url.Path, rpc.URLAPI))
resp, err := i.client.Get(dest.String())
if err != nil {
return meta, err
}
defer resp.Body.Close()
err = json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&meta)
return meta, err
}
// GetFunctions returns metadata about the plugin's template functions, if the plugin supports templating.
func (i *InfoClient) GetFunctions() (map[string][]template.Function, error) {
meta := map[string][]template.Function{}
dest := *i.url
dest.Path = path.Clean(path.Join(i.url.Path, rpc.URLFunctions))
resp, err := i.client.Get(dest.String())
if err != nil {
return meta, err
}
defer resp.Body.Close()
err = json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&meta)
return meta, err
}
``` |
Joseph V. Sakran is an American trauma surgeon, public health researcher, gun violence prevention advocate and activist. His career in medicine and trauma surgery was sparked after nearly being killed at the age of 17 when he was shot in the throat. He is currently an associate professor of surgery at the Johns Hopkins University, director of Emergency General Surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital, and vice chair of Clinical Operations. He also serves as the Associate Chief for the Division of Acute Care Surgery.
Early life, education, and career
Sakran was born in Falls Church, Virginia to immigrant parents. He attended high school in Burke, Virginia. As a high school senior, at a local playground after attending a football game at Lake Braddock Secondary School, he was struck in the neck from a stray bullet fired into a crowd. With his windpipe ruptured and carotid artery severed, he was saved by trauma surgeon Dr. Robert Ahmed and vascular surgeon Dr. Dipankar Mukherjee at Inova Fairfax Hospital. Dedicating himself to become a surgeon while still in recovery, he attended George Mason University and gained experience as a medic and firefighter at the City of Fairfax Fire & Rescue Department.
Sakran earned an undergraduate degree in biology and minor in chemistry from George Mason University in 1999. He graduated with a Doctor of Medicine from Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Medical School for International Health in 2005, and earned a Master of Public health from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in 2003. He also holds a Master of Public Administration from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. He completed his general surgery residency training at Inova Fairfax Hospital, and then fellowship at the University of Pennsylvania in Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care, and Emergency General Surgery.
Sakran was elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 2023.
Advocacy
In 2016, Sakran's activism first achieved national recognition when he founded Doctors for Hillary, supporting the candidacy of Hillary Clinton, who had made reduction of gun violence in America a central tenet of her campaign. He was recognized by Secretary Clinton for his work in fighting to end gun violence.
His research in public health and specifically firearm injury prevention has been recognized by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and Academy Health. A recent study published in Health Affairs, Emergency Department Visits for Firearm-Related Injuries in the United States, 2006-14 was given an honorable mention as one of the 2017 Outstanding Article of the Year Award by Health Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP).
On November 7, 2018 the National Rifle Association of America's comment telling doctors to "stay in their lane" resulted in Sakran responding on Twitter, telling them that "As a Trauma Surgeon and survivor of #GunViolence I cannot believe the audacity of the @NRA to make such a divisive statement. We take care of these patients every day. Where are you when I’m having to tell all those families their loved one has died". The tweet went viral and resulted in a robust response from healthcare professionals. A few days later Sakran established the Twitter account @ThisIsOurLane as a way to unite the medical community who care for gun violence victims.
Sakran has also written numerous opinion pieces for The Atlantic and CNN. He was also interviewed on NPR by Terry Gross, the host and co-executive producer of Fresh Air, on November 28, 2018.
In February 2019, Congressman Mike Thompson (D-CA), Chairman of the Gun Violence Prevention Task Force invited Sakran as his guest to the State of the Union, recognizing his commitment to ending gun violence as both a survivor and now trauma surgeon.
On February 6, 2019, Congressman Jerrold Nadler (D-NY) and Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee invited Sakran to testify at the hearing on Preventing Gun Violence.
In 2019, Sakran was also selected for the Presidential Leadership Scholars program, where his project focused on safe storage of firearms. In the same year, Sakran was selected as one of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health Policy Fellows by the National Academy of Medicine. He is currently working on health-related legislative and regulatory issues.
In early 2020, Sakran tweeted a photo of a flyer showing a clipart style hand holding a gun, which was a flyer left under his windshield wiper.
Media
2018: Featured in CNN, "Victim of gun violence returns to the E.R., this time as the surgeon"
2018: Featured in MSNBC, "Dr. Joseph Sakran On Gun Violence: We Are Facing A Public Health Crisis"
2018: Featured in CNN Town Hall with Chris Cuomo, "Armas de fuego: ¿Enfrenta Estados Unidos una crisis de salud pública?"
2018: "CNN Interview Dr. Joseph Sakran; Gun violence victim responses to NRA"
2019: House Judiciary Testimony
2019: Story in the Public Square
2019: Featured in The Atlantic, "Why Doctors Are Taking on the NRA"
Selected publications
References
External links
Official profile
NPR Fresh Air: interview with Joseph Sakran (print with audio link)
1977 births
Living people
People from Fairfax, Virginia
George Mason University alumni
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev alumni
Gun control advocates
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
Johns Hopkins University alumni
21st-century American firefighters
21st-century American physicians
Members of the National Academy of Medicine |
Lou Hamou-Lhadj is an American director, animator and writer at Pixar. He is best known for his work on film Borrowed Time, which together with Andrew Coats, he directed, wrote and released independently through Quorum Films, LLC. Hamou-Lhadj is nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film at 89th Academy Awards, that he shares with Andrew Coats.
Filmography
Awards and nominations
References
External links
Living people
American animators
American producers
American directors
American animated film directors
American animated film producers
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Howard High School is a public high school located in Ellicott City, Maryland, United States. It is part of the Howard County Public School System, and serves families from Ellicott City, Elkridge, Hanover and Columbia, Maryland.
History
In 1938, Howard County used WPA money and bus contracts to close and consolidate many one-room schoolhouses into several central schools. Most of the county saw little school construction until after World War II. The school board recommended a single central high school for all white students in the county. By 1949, a state bond bill seemed imminent, and plans were refined for a central high school serving the first, second and sixth county districts. A site was picked at the family farm of General Charles D. Gaither, whose grandfather, George R. Gaither, once raised cavalry for J. E. B. Stuart onsite. Bids were opened on 26 April 1951 with prices ranging from $838,000 to $683,000. Four additional rooms were ordered in 1952 for an additional $30,000 in expenses. 12 additional acres were purchased from the Gaither family for $5,000, with board member Charles E. Miller contributing $2,500 for the land and demolition of the "colored house and corn crib" on the property.
Five names were considered for the school: John Eager Howard High School, Charles Carroll of Carrollton High School, General Gaither High School, Edwin Warfield High School, and Howard County High School. The school opened as "Howard County Senior High School" in 1952. In 1954, Marie T. Gaither offered 42 acres of adjoining land for $15,000 to expand the school grounds, which was declined by the school board.
A highlight commencement was once attended by Supreme Court Justice, Tom C. Clark who arrived by helicopter. The population is both culturally and economically diverse with over three quarters of the graduates enrolling in post-secondary institutions.
Student population
Renovation
At the opening of the 2006-2007 school year, Howard completed its renovations, which included a brand new cafeteria attached to an atrium, two new wings on opposite ends on the school, an auxiliary gym (in which the previous cafeteria was positioned), and a new track around the football field. The renovation also provided the Art and Science Department with a darkroom and several laboratories. At the end of the same school year, Howard placed a copper statue of a lion overlooking the Stadium Field.
Athletics
Howard High School has won the following state championships & athletic accomplishments:
2021 - Girls' Track and Field
2021 - Girl's Cross Country County Championships
2019 - Girls' Cross Country
2018 - Boys' Chess
2015 - Boys' Lacrosse
2007 - Girls' Cross Country
2007 - Boys' Track & Field
2006 - Boys' Track & Field
2006 - Girls' Cross County
1995 - Girls' Track & Field
1994 - Girls' Basketball
1992 - Girls' Track & Field
1989 - Boys' Soccer
1989 - Boys' Indoor Track 2A-1A
1985 - Boys' Indoor Track BC
1985 - Boys' Track & Field
1984 - Boys' Indoor Track BC
1980 - Girls' Volleyball
1974 - Football
Notable alumni
Michael Chabon, Pulitzer Prize winning author
Bryce Hall, American social media personality
Alexis Ohanian, co-founder of Reddit
References and notes
External links
Howard High School website
Public schools in Howard County, Maryland
Public high schools in Maryland
Educational institutions established in 1952
1952 establishments in Maryland |
R. Rachapalli is a village in the Rayalseema region of the south-central part of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is a village in Kodur. As of the 2011 Census of India, the village had a population of 250. The nearest railway station to this village in Kodur is Cuddapah which is 1.55 km away.
References
Villages in Kadapa district |
There are two species of skink named Boulenger's tree skink:
Dasia subcaerulea
Brachyseps frontoparietalis |
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