text stringlengths 1 22.8M |
|---|
Jared Schuurmans (born August 20, 1987) is an American track and field athlete who competes in the discus throw. He holds a personal record of for the event, set in 2015. He was the American national discus champion in 2015.
Schuurmans won an NAIA discus title in 2010 while at Doane College. He was the silver medallist at the 2014 Pan American Sports Festival.
Career
Early life and college
Raised in Norfolk, Nebraska, the son of Gary and Connie Schuurmans, he was trained by his father, who was also an athlete. He attended Norfolk Senior High School. After having had an initial focus on the decathlon in his youth, he won state titles and set high school records in the discus throw. He studied history at Doane College and represented the school athletically.
In 2008 he ranked second in the discus at the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics Championships and was in the top ten of the NAIA shot put both indoors and out. A new school record came at the start of the season and he raised his national profile with a second-place finish at the 2009 Drake Relays. He then improved to third in the shot put at the NAIA Outdoor Championships, but fell to fourth in the discus. He set a new best of in Crete, Nebraska that June and made his debut at the USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships two weeks later, finishing 19th overall. In his final year as a college athlete he achieved his best results. A new personal record of in the shot put brought him second at the 2010 NAIA Indoor Championships. An outdoor best of for second place followed at the NAIA Outdoor Championships, where he took his first collegiate title in the discus. He also moved up the national rankings with 16th at the 2010 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships.
Early professional career
After graduation, Schuurmans continued with the discus throw on a professional basis. He achieved a personal record mark of in Chula Vista, California in April 2011. He failed to get near that mark at the 2012 United States Olympic Trials, coming 16th with a throw of . The experience was an encouraging one for him, as he believed he could get close to the top of the sport with better preparation. He joined the National Athletic Institute's United States Olympic Training Center in Chula Vista in 2013 and began training with former Olympic discus champion Mac Wilkins – who had been a childhood idol of Schuurmans'. He was much improved that year, throwing beyond 200 feet on 24 occasions and ending the year with a new personal record of . This mark raised him to seventh place in the American seasonal rankings by Track and Field News. He was 51st on the world lists for 2013. Schuurmans' comparatively slim build for an American discus thrower led journalist Martin Bingisser to identify a trend towards smaller, more technique-led throwers in the country, with that year's American champion Lance Brooks being another example. Schuurmans also stated that throw practice was by far the most important part of his training for the sport, rather than weight training.
Schuurmans began to compete with greater consistency in 2014 and threw beyond sixty meters in nearly all his competitions that year. A new personal record of came in Chula Vista in April, but he also had several other throws beyond 63 meters that year. He was a national finalist for the first time at the 2014 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships, ending in seventh place with a best of . With no World Championships or Olympics being held that year, he instead made his debut on the international track and field circuit, coming fourth at the Grande Premio Brasil Caixa de Atletismo in Brazil ahead of United States Olympian Jason Young. He earned his first national selection that year, being part of the team for the Pan American Sports Festival in Mexico. His throw of at the meeting brought him a silver medal behind only Cuba's Jorge Fernández, the reigning Pan American champion. Schuurmans ranked 33rd internationally for the season and fifth among American men.
First national title
He made his IAAF Diamond League debut in 2015 at the Prefontaine Classic, coming seventh among an international field. Schuurmans had a throw of in June which, although set in a windy venue, placed him as the favourite for the national championships, having also gone undefeated by an American at that point of the season. He followed expectation at the 2015 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships, winning his first national title with a throw of . This also guaranteed his selection for the World Championships that year. Schuurmans threw to place 29th in 2015 World Championships in Athletics – Men's discus throw.
Personal records
Discus throw – (2015)
Shot put indoor – (2010)
Shot put outdoor – (2010)
Discus progression
2015:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2007:
National titles
USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
Discus throw: 2015
International competitions
Personal life
Jared lives in Portland, OR where he is a pro team sales manager for Kabuki Strength. He has two dogs. A Boston terrier named Mochi and a French Bulldog named Indiana Jones.
Jared has served on the committee for the Tortuga Pirate festival. He is the acting treasurer for the Pacific Northwest chapter of the festival.
References
External links
Living people
1987 births
People from Norfolk, Nebraska
Sportspeople from Nebraska
American male discus throwers
American male shot putters
Doane University alumni
Athletes (track and field) at the 2015 Pan American Games
World Athletics Championships athletes for the United States
USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships winners
Pan American Games track and field athletes for the United States |
Uli Raysz is a retired West German slalom canoeist who competed in the mid-1960s. He won a bronze medal in the K-1 event at the 1965 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Spittal.
References
German male canoeists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Medalists at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships |
Joba may refer to:
Joba, member of the hip hop group Brockhampton
Joba (given name), includes a list of people with the name
Joba Arriba, a town in the Dominican Republic
See also
Jobas, village in Saraqib Nahiyah, Idlib, Syria
Juba (disambiguation) |
Mayani is a town in Satara district of Maharashtra state in India. It is situated on the National Highway NH-160. This town is well known for a notified Bird Conservation Reserve in 2021.
Geography
This town is situated on the banks of Chand river, a tributary of Yerla river. It is 24 km away from Vaduj, tehsil headquarters of taluka and located in the southeastern part of Khatav taluka of Satara district. It is 20 km away from Vita in Sangli district. On 15 March 2021, the Government of Maharashtra notified the Mayani Bird Conservation Reserve in Mayani. This bird conservation site is located at old Mayani dam on Chand river.
Contribution in Indian Freedom Struggle
Forest Satyagraha was important phase of Civil Disobedience Movement in which peasants played a significant role. Those who could not take part in Salt Satyagraha sufficiently due to lack of sea-coast threw themselves fully into Forest Satyagraha. A series of forest Satyagrahas occurred in Satara district during the Civil Disobedience campaign. Forest Satyagraha took place at Kameri, Tambave, Retharedharan, Kale, Peth, Shirala, Kavathe, Prachitgad, Lohare, Belmachi, Mayani, Masur, Islampur, Vita, Bilashi, etc. places. Forest Satyagraha at Bilashi deserves special mention. At Mayani in Khatav Taluka Forest Satyagraha was brought about on 4 August 1930 in which 12 persons including Shri C.D. Dashputre, Y.B. Kuber, P.H. Pore were arrested and sentenced to six months imprisonment and different amounts of fine.
Economy
The major economic activities in this town are based on agriculture and textile processing and manufacturing. Due to prolonged drought, rainfed farming is practiced in this area. Since many years ago this town was emerged as a cottage industries of handlooms and textile weaving center in Satara district.
Notable People
Mohanrao Alias Bhausaheb Pandurang Gudge (Ex-MLA). He was educationist and also former deputy chairman of Maharashtra Krishna Valley Development Corporation.
Dr. Diliprao Murlidhar Yelgaonkar (Ex-MLA)
References
Cities and towns in Satara district |
The Saipem 7000 is the world's third largest semi-submersible crane vessel, after the and the . It is owned by the oil and gas industry contractor Saipem S.p.A.
Construction
The vessel was designed by Gusto Engineering during 1984.
The vessel was built between 1985 and 1987 by Fincantieri-Cantieri Navali Italiana S.p.A. at their Monfalcone yard, Trieste in north-eastern Italy. The vessel was built in two halves in a long dry dock. The halves were then floated out from the dry dock and mated. During the mating operation the halves were supported by temporary pontoons.
The hull mating was complete in early 1987 and the two cranes built by Officine Meccaniche Reggiane under subcontract to American Hoist & Derrick Company (Amhoist) were installed in sections by the Saipem crane vessel Castoro Otto in April of that year. The sea trials, which took two months, started in September, and on 15 December the vessel was handed over to Micoperi.
The cost of the vessel was not released by Micoperi but it was estimated in the technical press as being up to US$400 million.
Description
Concept
The Saipem 7000, originally named the Micoperi 7000, was conceived in the mid-1980s by its original owners Micoperi as a multipurpose offshore oil platform installation vessel that would be able to install very large oil production platform decks (known as integrated decks) as well as the decks' supporting structures (known as jackets) using its two very large fully revolving cranes. It would also be able to support the offshore completion of the platform by providing hotel and workshop facilities for large construction crews. Saturation diving facilities would support subsea connection work. The vessel's size and semi-submersible form would allow it to operate in worse weather conditions than smaller and conventionally shaped vessels.
The huge cost of a vessel of this size would be offset by the cost and time savings made by the oil company as the large integrated decks could be completed, tested and commissioned onshore. Prior to the introduction of the large crane vessels, offshore oil platforms were made up of 1000 - 2000 tonne modules which were lifted into place individually by smaller SSCVs or monohull crane vessels and then connected together offshore, tested and then commissioned; this often took over a year. Other savings in the installation of the jackets could also be made.
Original specification
Heavy lift
The Saipem 7000 has two NOV Lifting and Handling AmClyde model Saipem 7000 fully revolving cranes. Each has a 140-metre-long boom fitted with 4 hooks. Each crane is capable of lifting up to 7,000 tonnes at 40 m lift radius using the main hook. The auxiliary hook capacities are 1st Auxiliary 2,500 tonnes at 75 m radius and 2nd Auxiliary 900 tonnes at 115 m. The whip hook has a capacity of 120 tonnes at 150 m. The 2nd Auxiliary hook can be deployed to a water depth of 450 m. The two cranes are capable of a tandem lift of 14,000 tonnes.
Each crane was fitted with engines to power the boom and load hoists, 9 tugger lines and the crane slewing system. The cranes use of wire rope of various diameters.
Ballast system
The Saipem 7000 was fitted with two ballast systems: a conventional pumped system which could transfer up to 24,000 tonnes of water per hour using 4 pumps and a free flooding system. The free flooding system used 2 m diameter valves to open certain compartments to the sea thus trimming or heeling the vessel. This allows the vessel to lift cargoes from barges much faster than if just the crane hoists are used.
Power system
The vessel's main power is provided by eight 12-cylinder 8400 hp diesel engines built by Grandi Motori Trieste, a former Fincantieri company. Later Grandi Motori was purchased by the Finnish Wärtsilä. They provide up to 47,000 kW of electric power at 10,000 V 60 Hz for propulsion and positioning. Auxiliary power is provided by two 6-cylinder GMT diesel engines. There is also an emergency generator.
Total power that can be supplied is .
Mooring system
The vessel was supplied with 16 anchor lines, 4 at each corner. Each line consists of 3350 m of 96 mm wire rope, 50 m of 92 mm chain and a 40-tonne Norshore Mark 3 anchor. Each line has its own single drum winch. The mooring system can be used in water depths of up to 450 m.
The Saipem 7000 is also equipped with two anchor windlasses equipped with 550m of 130mm chain and 35 tonne anchor.
Thrusters
The vessel was fitted with 12 thrusters—6 on each hull. They are, per hull:
1 No. bow thrusters in athwartship tunnels
2 No. azimuthing retractable thrusters under the hull
2 No. azimuthing thrusters at the stern—these are used when transiting
1 No. azimuthing retractable thrusters under the hull (added during 1999 refit)
Dynamic positioning system
The vessel is equipped with a dynamic positioning system which uses either the thrusters or the mooring system or a combination of both, controlled by a number of computers, to hold the vessel in a predefined location.
Platform installation equipment
Two Menck MHU 3000 hydraulic hammers capable of 3000 kJ impact energy.
Two Menck MHU 1700 hydraulic hammers.
Two Menck MHU 1000 hydraulic hammers.
Two Menck MHU 600 hydraulic hammers.
One Menck MHU 220 hydraulic hammer.
One Menck MHU 195 hydraulic hammer.
Two underwater power packs.
One hydraulic hammer compensator.
Various Menck steam hammers and their associated boilers
Sixteen 35 cm diameter 60 m long cable laid slings
A containerized 14-man saturation diving system which can be moved to any of the vessel's three moon pools
Two leveling systems, range 66" - 72" diameter; 900 tonne capacity each.
Two external levelling systems; 1000 tonnes each.
Abandonment/Recovery system with double capstan winch, 2000 tonne capacity each.
Handling deck equipment
One Kobelco Crawler Crane 70 tonnes capacity
One Hydraulic Tyred Crane 35 tonnes capacity
Two Fork Lifts 5 tonnes capacity each
Accommodation
The accommodation designed for 800 people contains 30 triple cabins, 335 double cabins, 35 singles and 5 suites. The accommodation also contains a large galley and mess rooms, a hospital, cinema and lounges.
1999 vessel re-fit
During the winter of 1999/2000 the Saipem 7000 underwent a refit to enhance its positioning and power systems and add a J-lay system.
The power system was upgraded to provide up to 70,000 kW using 12 diesel generators. To improve the vessel's resilience the generators are distributed between four separate engine rooms.
Two 5,500 kW retractable azimuthing thrusters were added, one below the forward part of each hull. The DP system control computers were also replaced.
The hull, deck and deck structures were modified to accept the Gusto designed J-lay tower and its support equipment. The J-lay tower can lay pipe from 4" to 32" diameter with a tension of up to 525 tonnes (5.15 MN) using the tensioners and up to 2,000 tonnes (20 MN) when using friction clamps. The deck can be used to store up to 10,000 tonnes of pipe.
To allow space for the increased equipment some items from the original specification were removed, including 2 anchor winches from the bow, all the moon pools, and the boilers used to provide steam for the steam hammers.
Operations
Early projects
The vessel's first work was for Petrobras the Brazilian state oil company. The project consisted of the installation of 7 platforms in the Campos Basin. During this project the Micoperi 7000 was also involved in the fighting of a well fire on the Enchova Platform. The Micoperi 7000 then proceeded to the Gulf of Mexico where it installed the Jolliet Template for Conoco. In 1989 the Micoperi 7000 arrived in the North Sea for the first time where it completed several projects in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea. These were the Gyda Platform for BP, the Togi Template for Norsk Hydro and the Veslefrikk platform for Statoil. In 1990 and 1991, the Micoperi was used in the construction and assembly of the Mossgas FA platform off the south coast of South Africa near a town called Mossel Bay.
Whilst the vessel remained busy, Micoperi were struggling financially as the low oil price prevalent in the late 1980s curtailed oil company investment. In 1991 Micoperi were forced to sell a number of their major assets including the Micoperi 7000 to another Italian contractor Saipem. Saipem took over the running of the vessel though they retained the vessel crew and the shorebased engineering support. Saipem renamed the vessel the Saipem 7000.
The vessel continued to work, installing oil and gas production platforms, in the North Sea, Gulf of Mexico, off the Canadian east coast and the west coast of Africa throughout the nineties. It was also involved in the removal of one platform, the Esso Odin. During the late nineties Saipem planned an upgrade to the vessels DP system and installation of a J-Lay system.
Projects
The Saipem 7000 has completed 4 J-Lay pipe projects Diana, Blue Stream, Ormen Lange and Medgaz, but its main work continues to be heavy lift in the North Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. This includes both platform installation and removal and the addition of modules to existing platforms.
It is currently deployed in the North Sea, approximately 27km east of Montrose, Scotland, installing the 114 jacket foundations for Seagreen offshore wind farm.
Lifting and pipelaying records
The Saipem 7000 set the world offshore lifting record of 12,150 tons for the Sabratha deck in the Mediterranean Sea. A local record for the Gulf of Mexico (Mexican area) was set with the 10,473 tons of the PB-KU-A2 deck. In July 2010, the Saipem 7000 broke another world record by lifting the new BP Valhall Production and Hotel topside of approximately 11,600 tonnes on Dynamic Positioning. The previous world record set at Sabratha was performed on the vessel's anchoring system. The first and third records were broken on 7 September 2019 when the Sleipnir lifted the 15,300 ton deck module for Noble's Leviathan.
The Saipem 7000 laid the 24" pipeline for the Blue Stream project between Russia and Turkey up to the record depth of 2,150 meters in the Black Sea. This was broken at the end of 2005 by the Balder which laid a pipeline in 2,200 meters of water, yet Balder was outbeat herself in 2014 by another laybarge of Saipem, the FDS2, which laid another 24" pipeline in 2,250 meters offshore Brazil.
Incident in Norway
On 14 April 2022, the vessel suffered a lifting accident in a Norwegian fjord near Stavanger during a planned load of the cranes. The main block wire broke, dropping a barge used as test weight. This caused the vessel to tilt, but was soon stabilized. Nobody was injured during the incident.
References
External links
Official Site
Seven images of the Saipem 7000 in action
Saipem 7000 sets new lifting record for the Gulf of Mexico (March 9, 2007)
Saipem during maintenance at Keppel Verolme, Netherlands
Crane vessels
Pipe-laying ships
Coastal construction
Semi-submersibles
Eni
1986 ships
Ships built by Fincantieri |
Joseph A. "Big Joe" Todaro Jr. (born 1945 or 1946) is a Buffalo, New York businessman and the son of Joseph Todaro Sr. Todaro is best known as the owner of La Nova Pizzeria, a popular pizzeria chain in the Western New York region that was founded by his father. Both Todaro Sr. and Todaro Jr. have been accused of holding regional leadership roles in the American Mafia, charges that Todaro Jr. has denied.
In 2017, Canadian court proceedings alleged that Todaro Jr. is the current boss of the Buffalo crime family, a position previously held by his father Todaro Sr.
Biography
Joseph A. Todaro Jr. was born to Joseph Todaro Sr. and Josephine Santamauro. He later married Carol Ann "Cookie" and had two children Joseph E. Todaro and Carla (she later married Salvatore Pantano).
Joseph "Big Joe" Todaro Jr. became a business agent for the Laborers' International Union of North America (LIUNA) Local 210. Todaro Jr. was accused of being involved in an unsuccessful plot to murder Faust Novino in 1976. Allegedly, the ambush was set up by Novino's long-time associate and friend Louis Pisa who approached him about committing a burglary at a warehouse at 463 Connecticut Street on Buffalo's west side. Novino testified that he believed that he and Pisa were alone when he noticed a heavyset man, whom he identified as John Sacco, raising his arm to hit him. At that moment he drew his .45 and shot Sacco. Then, hearing footsteps behind him, he turned and shot at a man he identified as Leonard Falzone. Novino said that he then saw two men, Todaro Jr. and Frank Billiteri, crouched on the floor on either side of him. Feeling boxed in, he shot once at Falzone, and again at Sacco who was allegedly still coming at him. He then turned, ran into Falzone, and fired the weapon into his chest, but it jammed. Finally, after hiding behind a rolled-up rug, he was able to escape out a door leading to 17th Street.
In 1984, Todaro Jr. allegedly became the underboss of the Buffalo crime family when his father became the new head of the crime family upon the retirement of his predecessor Samuel "Sam the Farmer" Frangiamore.
In 1989, an FBI statement was filed in connection with a gambling investigation and identified Todaro Sr. and his son Todaro Jr. as the leaders of a 45 made member Buffalo Mafia family and were in control of various criminal activities that included labor racketeering, bookmaking, loansharking and narcotics trafficking. The court statements also claimed that Joseph Todaro Jr. was running the Mafia family because his father Todaro Sr. was in semi-retirement splitting time between his Tonawanda and Florida homes. It was also stated that Leonard F. Falzone was running a local loansharking operation and brothers Victor and Daniel Sansanese were controlling bookmaking for the Todaro's. The FBI had also bugged Falzone's union-owned car in 1988, to link the Todaro's in the illegal gambling case but the device was unable to provide any evidence linking the Todaro's.
In 1990, Todaro Jr. resigned as business agent of LIUNA following investigations into the local union's alleged ties to organized crime.
On September 6, 1993 his son Joseph Edward Todaro III married Dana Christine Panepinto, the daughter of Donald Panepinto.
In 1996 Todaro Sr. and his son Todaro Jr. were listed among 24 alleged organized crime figures who were accused of influencing the Laborers International Union of North America since the 1960s.
In 1999, Joseph Todaro Jr. along with his father Joseph Todaro Sr. and 16 others were named in a civil racketeering lawsuit for controlling local 210 through the years by various racketeering acts. The court complaint identified Joseph A. Todaro Jr. as underboss and his father Joseph E. Todaro Sr. as boss of the Buffalo family and the owners of La Nova Pizzeria. Todaro Jr. served as Local 210 business manager in 1990 before resigning. Todaro Jr. attempted to keep control of Local 210 with the help of Peter Gerace and Peter Capitano, both of them already held positions in the Local. The charges were based on the testimony of Ronald M. Fino, a former business manager of Local 210 before he became an FBI informant.
In 2006, Todaro Sr. retired, and Todaro Jr. become boss, with Leonard F. "Lennie Calzone" Falzone acting under him. His father Todaro Sr. died on December 26, 2012 at age 89 following a lengthy illness. In 2016, Falzone died. Outside of organized crime, Todaro Jr. operates La Nova Pizzeria in Buffalo; Todaro III operates a chicken wing spin-off under the La Nova brand.
According to the U.S. Department of Justice, in 1995, Todaro Jr. assumed the day-to-day running of the Buffalo family from his father, Joseph Todaro Sr., becoming acting boss of the crime family. Until Domenico Violi's trial in 2018 in Hamilton, Ontario, it was believed that Todaro Jr. had stepped down from active participation in the Buffalo mafia in 2006 and that Leonard Falzone (who died in 2016) had taken over as boss. Ron Fino indicated that he believed that Falzone was acting as the front boss for the Todaros. Wiretaps recorded from 2015 to 2017 also indicated Domenico Violi of the Luppino crime family, was made the underboss of the Buffalo crime family by boss Todaro Jr. in October 2017 in a meeting in Florida; the first Canadian to hold the second-highest position in the American Mafia. The wiretaps also revealed the activity of The Commission (the governing body of the American Mafia) as Violi's promotion was so unusual that Todaro Jr. consulted with The Commission for permission to promote Violi as the Buffalo family's new underboss. Homeland Security Investigations Agent Curtis Ryan indicated Todaro is the current boss of the Buffalo LCN family court papers related to his nephew, Peter Gerace Jr.'s, alleged bribing of DEA agent Joseph Bongiovanni. The Buffalo News speculated that La Nova Pizzeria's growing popularity had prompted the Todaros to lower their profile to avoid scrutiny over the family's ties to the Mafia.
Todaro, in accordance with the general policy of omertà, has consistently declined to comment on his role in organized crime. In a January 2023 interview, Todaro went on record denying that he held a leadership role in organized crime.
References
Further reading
Capeci, Jerry. The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Mafia. Indianapolis: Alpha Books, 2002.
Penn, Stanley. Have I Got a Tip for You, and Other Tales of Dirty Secrets, Political Payoffs, and Corporate Scams: A Guide to Investigative Reporting. New York: Dow Jones & Company, 1994.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Crime. Administration's Efforts Against the Influence of Organized Crime in the Laborer's International Union of North America: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Crime of the Committee on the Judiciary. 1997.
External links
The Buffalo News: Informant Causes Stir with Tales of Mob Activity by Dan Herbeck
AmericanMafia.com - 26 Mafia Cities: Buffalo, New York by Mario Machi, Allan May and Charlie Molino
Laborers International: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA vs. LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA, AFL-CIO
La Nova Pizzeria official website
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American gangsters of Italian descent
Buffalo crime family |
The Davidson Wildcats women's basketball team is the basketball team that represents Davidson College in Davidson, North Carolina, in the NCAA Division I. The school's team currently competes in the Atlantic 10 Conference and are coached by Gayle Coats Fulks entering her first year.
History
Since beginning play in 1973, the Wildcats have an all-time record (as of the end of the 2015–16 season) of 415–525, with one regular season title in 2012 when they were in the Southern Conference. They have never made the NCAA tournament, but they have made appearances in the WNIT in 2007, 2012, 2013. In the latter year, they went to the Second Round for the first time ever after beating Old Dominion 82–73 before losing to Charlotte 72–60.
References
External links |
The Fountain of Eternal Life, also known as the War Memorial Fountain and Peace Arising from the Flames of War, is a statue and fountain in downtown Cleveland, Ohio designed by Cleveland Institute of Art graduate Marshall Fredericks and dedicated on May 30, 1964. The sculpture, which honors Greater Clevelanders who served, died, or were declared missing in military service, is situated on Veterans' Memorial Plaza (formerly Mall A) as part of the Cleveland Mall.
History
The fountain was initiated and promoted by the Cleveland Press, which raised $250,000 in donations from private citizens and various organizations for the project. The centerpiece is a bronze figure representing man escaping from the flames of war and reaching skyward for eternal peace. The bronze sphere from which the figure rises represents Earth. Four granite carvings, representing the "geographic civilizations of the world", are placed around the sphere. Fredericks described his central figure, towering above the basin, in this way:
On the surface of the polished granite rim surrounding the fountain are bronze plates bearing the names of 5,552 Greater Clevelanders who have fallen in military service during times of war from 1899 to 2014, a span of 115 years. This includes patriots from the Spanish–American War, World War I, World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, and the Iraq War. These names are memorialized in the Greater Cleveland Veterans Memorial Honor Roll.
Dedications
At its initial dedication in 1964, there were 4,155 names on the existing Memorial Fountain. These names represented Americans who died during World War II and the Korean War. The memorial underwent a complete restoration during the construction of an underlying parking garage in connection with the neighboring Key Tower, and was rededicated on Veterans Day in 1991. At a 2004 rededication, the GCVM added 1,361 additional names to the Memorial Fountain to include those Greater Clevelanders who died in the Spanish–American War, World War I, the Vietnam War, and the initial six casualties of the Iraq War. This number also included those who perished during World War II and the Korean War for whom new information was found to support their addition to the Memorial Fountain. Another rededication on July 25, 2014 added 42 new memorial names – 33 representing the Iraq War, the remainder from the Vietnam War, the Korean War, and World War II.
See also
The Spirit of Detroit
References
External links
Greater Cleveland Veterans Memorial website
1964 establishments in Ohio
1964 sculptures
Bronze sculptures in Ohio
Buildings and structures in Cleveland
Culture of Cleveland
Downtown Cleveland
Fountains in Ohio
Monuments and memorials in Ohio
Nude sculptures in the United States
Sculptures of men in Ohio
Statues in Ohio
Tourist attractions in Cleveland
Sculptures by Marshall Fredericks
War monuments and memorials
Peace monuments and memorials |
Baradine County is one of the 141 Cadastral divisions of New South Wales. It is bounded in the north by the Namoi River, and includes the land south to Coonabarabran, which is on its southern edge. This includes land on both sides of the Baradine Creek and the town of Baradine.
Baradine is believed to be derived from a local Aboriginal word.
Parishes within the county
A full list of parishes found within this county; their current LGA and mapping coordinates to the approximate centre of each location is as follows:
References
Counties of New South Wales |
Given to the Wild is the third studio album by English indie rock band The Maccabees. The album was first released in the United Kingdom on 9 January 2012, where it debuted at number four on the UK Albums Chart and number thirty-one on the Irish Albums Chart. The album has seen four single releases: "Pelican" (released on 30 December 2011), "Feel to Follow" (4 March 2012), "Went Away" (28 May 2012), and "Ayla" (10 September 2012).
Reception
Metacritic has calculated a Metascore of 69 out of 100 for the album, based on 20 reviews, giving the album "generally favourable reviews". NME gave the album a 9/10.
The album was nominated for the 2012 Mercury Prize.
Recording
The band worked on the 13-track album, their third, at Rockfield Studios with Tim Goldsworthy and Bruno Ellingham (LCD Soundsystem, Massive Attack) over late 2010 to 2011. They also worked on large parts of the record with producer Jag Jago at their rehearsal space in London's Elephant and Castle district before decamping to Suffolk to finish the record at Decoy Studios with Cenzo Townshend and Sean Julliard.
The band have said they took inspiration from "disparate musical peers" such as The Stone Roses, Kate Bush and David Bowie during the recording of the LP, which is the follow-up to 2009's Wall of Arms.
Speaking about the title of the album, singer Orlando Weeks told the NME:
"'Given to the wild' is the first line on the album and was a title idea we had pretty early on. But it wasn't until we'd finished recording that we could come back to it and know that it suited, it just felt right."
Singles
"Pelican" was released as the album's lead single on 30 December 2011. The song entered the UK Singles Chart at number 87. It appeared in the video game Forza Horizon.
"Feel to Follow" was released on 3 February 2012. The song peaked to number 188 on the UK Singles Chart.
"Went Away", the third single from Given to the Wild, was released on 28 May 2012.
"Ayla" was the fourth single to be released on 10 September 2012.
Other songs
The song "Unknow" appeared in the 2012 video games Sleeping Dogs and Need for Speed: Most Wanted.
The song "Give to the Wild (Intro)" appeared in Series 21 - Episode 6 of Top Gear
The song "Grew Up at Midnight" appeared at the end of the final scene in the film Steve Jobs.
Track listing
All tracks are written by The Maccabees.
Personnel
Credits adapted from Tidal.
The Maccabees
Orlando Weeks – vocals , guitar
Felix White – guitar
Hugo White – guitar
Rupert Jarvis – bass guitar
Sam Doyle - drums
Technical
Felix White – production
Hugo White – production
Orlando Weeks – production
Rupert Jarvis – production
Sam Doyle – production
Bruno Ellingham , recording engineer
Tim Goldsworthy , recording engineer
Prabjote Osahn - recording engineer
Tom Dalgety - assistant recording engineer
John Davis - mastering engineer
Sean Juilliard - assistant engineer
Cenzo Townshend - mixer
Additional musicians
Jack Birchwood - horn
Nick Carter - horn
Tom Stone - horn
Darren Morris - piano
Will White - keyboards
Prabjote Osahn - string arranger , violin
Artwork
Andy Goldsworthy – cover photo
Go De Jong – design, layout
Tom Oxley - inlay photography
Chart performance
On 12 January 2012 Given to the Wild entered the Irish Albums Chart at number 31.
References
2012 albums
The Maccabees (band) albums
Albums recorded at Rockfield Studios |
Horn (am Bodensee) is a village in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is administratively part of the town of Gaienhofen in the Konstanz district.
Villages in Baden-Württemberg |
Émile Edmond Jean Peynot (November 22, 1850 – December 12, 1932) was a prominent French artist sculptor and medallist.
Bio
Peynot was born in Villeneuve-sur-Yonne, Burgundy. He became well known following his Grand Prize at the Prix de Rome sculpture competition in 1880, and a left a legacy of numerous monuments and reliefs in France as well as Argentina and Ecuador. He died in Paris in 1932.
Famous works
Marianne, Place Carnot, Lyon.
Monument to Henri Schneider, Le Creusot.
Monument to François-Louis Français, Plombières-les-Bains, Vosges.
Marchand Tunisien ("Tunisian Mechant"), portraying an Arab merchant cleaning his weapon.
La Aurora ("The Twilight"), Parque Centenario, Buenos Aires.
Ofrenda Floral a Sarmiento ("Flowers for Sarmiento"), Palermo Rose Garden, Buenos Aires.
La Lucha Eterna ("The Eternal Fight"), El Ejido park, Quito.
Francia a la Argentina A gift from the French government created for Argentina centenary in 1910; it depicts two female figures, representing both countries, an angel of prosperity “Gloria” and four smaller figures: Science, Industry, Agriculture and the Arts.
See also
Prix de Rome
French art
References
1850 births
1932 deaths
People from Yonne
20th-century French sculptors
19th-century French sculptors
French male sculptors
19th-century French male artists |
Streptomyces milbemycinicus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil. Streptomyces milbemycinicus produces milbemycin.
See also
List of Streptomyces species
References
Further reading
External links
Type strain of Streptomyces milbemycinicus at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
milbemycinicus
Bacteria described in 2010 |
Sylvando, known in Japan as , is a fictional character from Square Enix's role-playing video game Dragon Quest XI. Sylvando first appears in the 2017 video game Dragon Quest XI: Echoes of an Elusive Age as a companion of its protagonist, the Luminary. A flamboyant and optimistic itinerant entertainer, Sylvando meets the Luminary in the kingdom of Gallopolis and joins his party on their journey to reach the World Tree Yggdrasil after discovering that the Luminary's destiny to fight evil aligns with his dreams of bringing happiness all over the world with his performances. An additional story scenario featured in Dragon Quest XI S: Echoes of an Elusive Age - Definitive Edition follows the character's exploits after the party suffers a major setback when they reached Yggdrasil. A later plot development reveals that Sylvando's true identity is Norberto (Goliath in Japan), the estranged son of Don Rodrigo, the chivalrous leader of the coastal city of Puerto Valor.
Sylvando is voiced by Shai Matheson in English, and Masaya Onosaka in Japanese. Matheson was given creative freedom to interpret the character's speech during recording sessions, as the original Japanese version lacked voice acting. Sylvando's personality is intended to be a mixture of masculine and feminine traits, which remained unchanged during the development period of Dragon Quest XI. As the developers intended for Sylvando to be portrayed as a fully realized character, Matheson worked with the localization team to ensure his effeminate mannerisms are handled appropriately without an undue emphasis on common LGBT stereotypes.
Sylvando has received a mostly positive reception. Critics and players alike have praised Sylvando for his gameplay utility as well as his personality, with some commentators citing Sylvando as their favorite character from the game, and as a good example of a heroic LGBT character in fictional media despite not being explicitly confirmed as LGBT in any of his appearances.
Concept and design
Sylvando was conceived as a character who has both masculine and feminine qualities: the former is represented by his chivalry, while his attentiveness and caring nature represents the latter. Series creator and designer Yuji Horii described him as "a character that comes with all the good characteristics associated with both men and women". Director Takeshi Uchikawa noted that unlike the Luminary's other companions, Sylvando is the only character who has no connection to the Luminary or is destined to travel with him, but rather a character who simply cross paths with the party and joins them out of his own volition. On a personal note, Uchikawa said that he could empathize with Sylvando more than others, as the motivation behind his journey is to simply make his dream come true; in that sense, his sense of joy syncs with the sentiment of the game's developers and that they were able to reach the completion of the project with that feeling intact.
The developers remarked that Sylvando's visual appearance, along with his personality, remained unchanged throughout the entirety of the game's development. Producer Hokuto Okamoto remarked that the development team did not want him to be misinterpreted, and took extra care in developing him as he was a tough character to get right.
Portrayal
Sylvando is voiced by Shai Matheson in English, and by Masaya Onosaka in Japanese. The original Japanese release for Dragon Quest XI did not have voice acting, but it was implemented for the game's international releases in 2018. Japanese voice acting was included for the game's subsequent edition, Dragon Quest XI S, released in 2019. When asked about their decision to implement voice acting for the Western release of Dragon Quest XI, Horii explained that "various emotions, personalities, and characteristics can be communicated through text alone" in Japanese, whereas a character's personality is often best expressed with the way they speak or the tone of their voice in other languages.
A role he auditioned for through his agent, Matheson was under the impression that Sylvando was a fun “long shot” as he had also auditioned for the Prince Faris character, which was a part he believed he would more likely get. For the audition, he came up with an accent based on the picture of the character he was given, and from the impression he had of his name and his profession as a performer. His efforts was well received and he was eventually given the part. Matheson said Sylvando is his biggest video game role to date, as well as the most “over the top” character he has ever played. He noted that "as an actor, there was some extra work in maintaining a consistent accent and tone, finding light and shade". Matheson thought of Sylvando as a charismatic, confident, and resilient jack-of-all-trades who chooses how to define himself rather than be defined by how others see him. Despite the game's fantasy setting, he emphasized that it was important for him to ground Sylvando in reality as opposed to playing him like a caricature or stereotype. Matheson highlighted the more heartfelt or quieter moments where he talks about his feelings or his father, which in his view is a good challenge to show the contrast in his character and balance his flamboyant moments.
Matheson described the recording process to be a collaborative team effort, with most sessions involving a performance writer, a writer, and another staff member based in Japan whom they communicated with via Skype. Matheson noted that he was given a large amount of creative freedom by the team to explore different aspects of Sylvando's personality, such as his tendency to imitate others or making "unusual" sounds when recording procedural audio for combat segments. As he is different in tone compared to the other party members, the team worked to ensure that Sylvando's overall portrayal is defined by his heart as opposed to his mannerisms, his exuberance comes from a place of confidence in his abilities and characteristics, and being unafraid to be who he wants to be. As Dragon Quest XI S contained new material such as expanded character scenarios for each of the party members, Matheson was asked to return to the studio to record additional voice lines for Sylvando.
Appearances
Dragon Quest XI
Sylvando is first seen as a circus showman in Gallopolis, a desert kingdom situated in the southern regions of the world of Dragon Quest XI, who will go to any length to entertain his audience. He is depicted as a character who knows more than he lets on; even though he is presented as a performer and jester, he is also familiar with the Knight's Code. He later participates in a horse race where he becomes acquainted with the Luminary, who acted as a substitute for Gallopolis' Prince Faris in return for a favor from the prince, and is aware that he is not the prince. He later assists the Luminary's party with taking down the Slayer of the Sands, a monster threatening the peace of the region around Gallopolis, and purposely binds it in such a way that the prince has to reveal himself later in the city where Sylvando lands the killing blow. When Sylvando discovers that the Luminary's goal is to defeat a mighty enemy who threatens the world, he insists on joining the Luminary's party, offering the use of his ship, the Salty Stallion, in the nearby port city of Gondolia and leaves behind his beloved horse Margarita in Gallopolis.
When the party arrives in Puerto Valor, Sylvando would constantly make excuses for his absence from the party, though he is eventually spotted and recognized by Servantes as the Salty Stallion sail through a canal he unlocked for the Luminary's party to access. Sylvando is later separated from the Luminary after Yggdrasil's power is consumed by Mordegon and cast down onto the world; when the Luminary encounters Sylvando next, he is revealed to be the leader of a group of men dressed in colourful outfits which he dubbed the "Soldiers of Smile". Following the conclusion of a story arc where the party rescues the father of a local boy in Phnom Nohn, Sylvando leads the party and his Soldiers of Smile troupe to Puerto Valor, where he reveals that he is Don Rodrigo's son Norberto. Sylvando reveals that he was raised to follow his father's footsteps as a knight, but eventually decided that he wanted to be an entertainer instead after being impressed by a circus troupe who arrived in Puerto Valor one day. Following a heated disagreement with Don Rodrigo, he left Puerto Valor to travel the world in pursuit of his passion as an itinerant performer. Both father and son experience reconciliation following their reunion, though Rodriogo is disappointed that Sylvando has yet to achieve his own goals of bringing a smile to everyone in the world, and beseeched him to carry on with his quest.
Dragon Quest XI S contains an additional scenario which recounts Sylvando's activities between the darkening of the world and his reunion with the Luminary and his party. Players assume the role of Sylvando, who is accompanied by his ship captain Dave, a pirate who wears a pink mask. The story arc explores the origins behind Sylvando's Soldiers of Smile troupe and how he recruits various men during his travels in an effort to bring some semblance of hope back into the world.
Other appearances
Sylvando, known by his original Japanese name Silvia and voiced by Masaya Onosaka, is a playable character in the 2017 video game Itadaki Street Dragon Quest & Final Fantasy 30th Anniversary.
Promotion and merchandise
An action figure of Sylvando is bundled as a set along with an action figure of Rab, another companion character from Dragon Quest XI, as well as accessories like Sylvando's sword, flute, and a liquid metal slime. Part of the BRING ARTS action figure line, the figures include display sets and were released in November 2019.
Reception
Sylvando has been well received by players. In January 2020, Famitsu published the results of their overseas poll for Dragon Quest XI S, which revealed Sylvando as the most popular Dragon Quest XI character for international audiences. Critics similarly approve of Sylvando, with some considering the character to be one of the best features in the game. Alistair Wong from Siliconera opined that Sylvando's popularity with fans is derived from his flamboyant personality which hides a knight's honor, as well as his positivity and desire to make everyone smile. Andy Moore from Paste Magazine summarized him as "witty, brave, and full of joy". Vladimir Olivares from CBR called Sylvando one of the very best companion characters in JRPG's, as his "charming personality, boundless enthusiasm, and undying support" for the Luminary's cause made him very endearing.
Chris Shive from Hardcore Gamer was highly appreciative of the character, and suggested that "he is possibly the greatest video game character since Battleborn's Montana". Shive observed that Sylvando quickly proves himself as a character who is initially presented as one with unclear motives to one of the nicest and most entertaining characters in the game, and that his "charismatic flamboyancy" is infectious regardless of the gravity of the situation. Shive also praised the moment of Sylvando's reconciliation with his father for its resonance, alluding to real life situations where many people who deviate from their family's expectations do not experience the same happy outcome as Sylvando and his father. Jenni Lada from Siliconera described him as an incredibly honorable and virtuous character who does not waver in his beliefs, and that even if he had abandoned the path to knighthood, not only does he retain a spirit of chivalry just like his father, but he also possesses the strength to forge his own path of chivalry by remaining dedicated to his ideals in the face of adversity.
Tim Rogers from Kotaku analyzed Sylvando's appearance and role within Dragon Quest XI in detail, from his introduction where he critiques and deconstructs the “toxic masculinity” of the cowardly Prince Faris, to his fully realized character arc and likeable personality. Rogers also highlighted Sylvando's gameplay utility as a versatile and physically strong combatant who has access to a large variety of weapons, and can readily adapt to any playstyle or party member pairings. Rogers thought of Sylvando as an unusual character who is not bound by the usual conventions and tropes found in JRPG's: for example, Rogers noted that he is very competent at dealing direct damage to enemies in combat, but players can also use his turn to elevate a weaker party member up to his physical level which in Rogers' view is a self-sacrificing move. Rogers suggested that Sylvando's gameplay mechanics allude to his role as an entertainer who can get along with anyone, thus forming "a separately intricate, mechanically crucial battle dynamic with each other character". Scott Baird from TheGamer agreed that Sylvando is a powerful party member with access to some of the game's best buff and debuff abilities, which is belied by his character design that is similar to a bard from Dungeons & Dragons.
Sylvando's perceived sexuality had been the subject of discussion. Olivares considered Sylvando's presentation to be a "very respectful portrayal of an openly gay character". Moore observed that while his sexuality is "not specifically defined in game, it remains ambiguous throughout", and claimed that the game never veers into harmful stereotyping. Baird emphasized that players took a liking to the character, even though there were early concerns about potential pushback against a "flamboyant character with a queer-coded personality" by the series' fanbase prior to the release of Dragon Quest XI. Rogers noted that Sylvando is a character who can use a "manly" sword as well as a whip, a stereotypically "girly" weapon according to JRPG tropes. Shive highlighted a particularly memorable scene for him in the game's second act, where Sylvando saves a non-player character after making a big spectacle of his reappearance as the leader of a parade of revelers, which ends with Sylvando bestowing the Luminary a feathered frock called a "Mardi Garb" to wear.
Other commentators paint a more complicated picture of the portrayal of Sylvando's behaviour within the context of the game's overall presentation of sexual minorities. Cameron Kunzelman from Vice noted the game's regressive attitude on any topic or trope about sex and sexuality, in particular the presence of numerous reductive gay-code tropes. By contrast, Sylvando is "constantly valorized in the game’s plot as courageous, skilled, and generally just more wise than everyone else on the team", with one early scene where he saves the entire party highlighted by Kunzelman as "one of the best-timed sight gags" that he has seen in a video game. Kunzelman found Sylvando to be the pivotal difference between certain scenes being watchable or otherwise, and his characterization is one of the game's rough patches that "at least gives it some heart". Jeremy Signor from Gaymingmag said a fundamental flaw with Sylvando is that he is never explicitly confirmed to be a gay man in-universe. Signor emphasized that gay male characters in fiction are often one-note personalities who are defined by their exaggerated "gay" behavior, or a heteronormative perspective of what "gayness" is, and that it is often represented as a form of mockery. Signor felt that the implication of Sylvando's sexuality as comic relief in certain scenes is still typical of Japanese media's portrayal of gay men, who are regularly illustrated as possessing stereotypically effeminate personas, and that it is further compounded by the controversy surrounding the nationalist and socially conservative views of the game's composer Koichi Sugiyama. Nevertheless, Signor conceded that Sylvando is at the very least, allowed to be a hero who is competent at something "other than making heterosexual people uncomfortable", a feature few other video games have attempted with their gay characters.
Shai Matheson's voice performance, described as a "buoyant Spanish accent" by Jason Wilson from VentureBeat, has received praise. Edward Hawkes from Eurogamer praised Matheson's performance as his "favourite piece of video game voice work", and Jason Hidalgo from Reno Gazette Journal said Matheson successfully captured Sylvando's personality "without being annoying or over the top".
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
Characters section on the official website of Dragon Quest XI
Dancer characters in video games
Dragon Quest
Fantasy video game characters
Fictional acrobats
Fictional tricksters
Fictional swordfighters in video games
Musician characters in video games
Square Enix protagonists
Video game bosses
Video game characters designed by Akira Toriyama
Video game characters introduced in 2017
Nobility characters in video games
Video game sidekicks
Male characters in video games |
Capital Scotland (formerly known as Beat 106, XFM Scotland, and later Galaxy Scotland) is a regional radio station owned by Communicorp UK and operated by Global. It broadcasts to Scotland's Central Belt, an area surrounding the two cities of Glasgow and Edinburgh.
History
Beat 106
Beat 106 was established by the Big Beat Group, headed up by a group of nightclub promoters from Glasgow, and first aired on 19 November 1999 as a new rock and dance station. Notable presenters at launch included Graham Stewart and Jim Gellatly. After being sold to Capital Radio Group in July 2000 it switched towards playing more dance music, later changing back to a more rock/dance format. In 2005 Capital Radio merged with the GWR Group to form GCap Media, creating the UK's largest commercial radio group. Beat 106 closed on 1 January 2006.
XFM Scotland
The rebranding of Beat 106 to XFM was one of a number of measures announced by GCap to improve their corporate performance following the merger. The original XFM station was XFM London and the rebranding in Scotland occurred four months before the expected launch of XFM Manchester.
XFM Scotland programmes were launched by breakfast presenter Dominik Diamond on 4 January 2006 with Loaded by Primal Scream as the first song played on the relaunched station. A major marketing campaign was launched a year later in a bid to try to regain lost listeners since the rebrand. By September 2007, the station was only reaching audience shares of 2.6% in the West and 4.1% in the East.
On 11 February 2008 GCap Media announced that they would be selling the analogue licence for the station. GCap later became part of Global Radio and it was decided to keep the licence.
On 28 August 2008, Jim Gellatly announced that his last show would be broadcast that day and he would be leaving the station together with a number of colleagues. By the time of XFM's rebrand as Galaxy, station audience shares had fallen further to 2.4% in the West and 2.6% in the East.
Galaxy Scotland
On 27 August 2008 new owners Global announced they would re-brand XFM Scotland as Galaxy Scotland. The rebrand was part of Global Radio's major strategy to expand the brand across outside Scotland and into parts of England. Local programming on the station consisted of daily breakfast, weekday drivetime and specialist shows with networked programming broadcast from Leeds.
Galaxy Scotland joined the Galaxy network on 7 November 2008. XFM closed at approximately 3.30pm that day, followed immediately by a 15-minute launch sequence for Galaxy. Galaxy programming started by 4pm the same afternoon, with Gary Spence as the first voice on the air, followed by a special evening show with networked presenter Dave Kelly.
From its launch, Galaxy Scotland gained 429,000 listeners providing almost 3.2 million listening hours per week. In the 12 months up to May 2010, the station doubled its number of listeners. As of Monday 12 July 2010, Galaxy Scotland changed their tagline from "Love Music" to "Scotland's No 1 Hit Music Station" in line with the other Galaxy stations across the UK.
Capital Scotland
The station was re-branded as Capital Scotland on 3 January 2011 as part of a merger of Global's Galaxy and Hit Music networks to form the nine-station Capital network. Local breakfast and drivetime output was retained with most networked programming now broadcast from the network's London studios. The station also produced a networked dance music show on Saturday overnights, which was networked across the Capital network until July 2012.
On 1 July 2011, Global requested to change the formats of Capital Birmingham and Capital Scotland which have obligations from previous owners, enabling all nine Capital stations to fall inline. The two format change requests were approved in November.
On 6 February 2014, Global announced it would be selling Capital Scotland to Communicorp. Capital's network programming and brand name remain in use under contract with Global.
On 26 February 2019, Global confirmed the station's local breakfast and weekend shows would be replaced with networked programming from April 2019. The weekday Drivetime show was retained alongside news bulletins, traffic updates and advertising.
On 11 April 2023, it was announced that Capital Scotland would reintroduce local breakfast, daytime and weekend shows as part of an expansion of Global's Scottish radio operations. Sister station Heart Scotland (owned and operated by Global) will also reintroduce local programming.
Programming
All networked programming originates from Global's London headquarters.
Local programming is produced and broadcast from Global's Glasgow studios from 6am-7pm on weekdays and 9am-12pm on weekends, One of the programmes aired on Capital Scotland is The Shereen Cutkelivn Show on Weekends 2pm-6pm and hosted by Shereen Cutkelvin.
News
Global's Newsroom broadcasts hourly regional news updates from 5am-7pm on weekdays and 8am-12pm at weekends.
The bulletins are produced for Communicorp by Global's Glasgow newsroom, which also produces bulletins for Heart Scotland and Smooth Scotland.
Former notable presenters
Sacha Brooks (Capital XTRA Reloaded)
Des Clarke (Heart Scotland)
Dominik Diamond
David Dunne
Andi Durrant (Kiss Fresh)
Jim Gellatly (BFBS Radio)
Jo Good
Stephanie Hirst (Hits Radio)
Dave Kelly (Hits Radio)
John Kennedy
Adele Roberts (BBC Radio 1)
Julyan Sinclair
Steve Sutherland (deceased)
Fraser Thomson (Pure Radio Scotland)
Margherita Taylor (Classic FM & Smooth London)
Tiësto
Matt Wilkinson (Heart)
Tom Wilson (deceased)
References
External links
Capital Scotland
Scotland
Communicorp
Radio stations established in 1999
Radio stations in Edinburgh
Radio stations in Glasgow
1999 establishments in Scotland
Contemporary hit radio stations in the United Kingdom |
Julnar is a crater in the northern hemisphere of Saturn's moon Enceladus. Julnar was first discovered in Voyager 2 and has only been seen at comparable resolution by Cassini. It is located at 52.8° North Latitude, 350.0° West Longitude and is approximately 19 kilometers across.
Julnar is named after a character from Arabian Nights. Also known as The Seaborn, Julnar is the heroine of nights 738–756.
References
External links
Hamah Sulci (Se-5) at PIA12783: The Enceladus Atlas
Impact craters on Enceladus |
The list of shipwrecks in April 1843 includes ships sunk, foundered, wrecked, grounded, or otherwise lost during April 1843.
1 April
2 April
3 April
4 April
5 April
6 April
7 April
8 April
9 April
10 April
11 April
12 April
13 April
14 April
15 April
16 April
17 April
19 April
21 April
22 April
23 April
24 April
25 April
26 April
27 April
28 April
29 April
30 April
Unknown date
References
1843-04 |
Beth Avraham Yoseph of Toronto (), also known as the BAYT, is a Modern Orthodox synagogue in the Toronto suburb of Thornhill, Ontario, and is one of the largest Orthodox synagogues in North America. The synagogue attracts Jews from a variety of religious backgrounds with what it calls the "warmth of Torah tradition". It also serves as a social hall for many social events in the Toronto Jewish community.
History
The idea of BAYT was conceived by Joseph Tanenbaum, who had performed philanthropy elsewhere and wanted to do something for his home town. He set out to create an Orthodox synagogue that acted as the spiritual centre of the community, and which would attract observant Jews and others searching for meaning in their lives.
Tanenbaum approached Rabbi Baruch Taub, a prominent alumnus of Yeshivas Ner Yisroel in Baltimore, who grew up in Toronto, then national director of NCSY in New York, to be the rabbi. By the mid 1980s, the community had reached over 200 families, and has now grown to over 800. The synagogue's former chazzan, Rabbi Manny Klein, developed the first youth programs. The synagogue's current building was dedicated in 1988.
At the end of August 2006, the Bayt hired an assistant rabbi, Rabbi Chaim Y. Ackerman, an alumnus of Yeshivas Chofetz Chaim in Queens, New York, to spearhead new, innovative projects for the synagogue's youth and young families. In mid-August 2009 Rabbi Ackerman took another position as a pulpit rabbi in Columbus, Ohio. Currently, Rabbi Shmuel Lesher is the assistant rabbi. Currently the Youth Directors are Rabbi Josh and Laura Stein
In October 2007, the synagogue became the home of a newly founded kollel, named Kollel Ohr Yosef, named after Tannenbaum.
In January 2010, Rabbi Taub announced his plans for retirement to Israel. In January 2011, Rabbi Taub was given the honorary designation Rabbi Emeritus by the synagogue's board, and he left to Israel as scheduled. Rabbi Asher Vale functioned as the interim Rabbi, until August 20, 2011 when Rabbi Daniel Korobkin assumed his post.
References
Jewish Canadian history
Jews and Judaism in Ontario
Thornhill, Ontario
Modern Orthodox synagogues in Canada
Synagogues in Ontario
1981 establishments in Ontario
Synagogues completed in 1981
20th-century synagogues in Canada |
Dame Carolyn Julie Fairbairn DBE (born 13 December 1960) is a British businesswoman, former director-general of the Confederation of British Industry, and a former non-executive director of the Competition and Markets Authority, Lloyds Banking Group, BAE Systems, and the UK Statistics Authority. She has been the Chair of the Royal Mencap Society since March 2022.
Early life and education
Fairbairn attended Bryanston School as a sixth-form scholar. She graduated with a BA in economics (double first) from Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, then an MA in international relations from the University of Pennsylvania, followed by an MBA from INSEAD in France.
Career
She began her career as an economist at the World Bank. In 1985, she became a business and financial journalist, writing for The Economist magazine.
In 1988, she joined McKinsey & Company as a management consultant and, during a seven-year career, rose to partner. She worked with companies in sectors including brewing, DIY retailing, computer services, investment management and newspapers, advising on mergers, business expansion, cost control and global competitiveness. In 1995, she joined the Downing Street Policy Unit under the then prime minister, John Major, developing policy for health and social services.
In 1997, Fairbairn was appointed director of strategy for BBC Worldwide, later promoted to director of strategy ad distribution, and also became a member of the BBC's executive board. She was responsible for delivery of the BBC's services to viewers, including on cable and satellite. She managed a budget of £150 million and negotiated the BBC's major distribution deals with Sky, Virgin and BT. She helped to develop the BBC's digital strategy and renewal of its charter, and was instrumental in creating One BBC. In 2002/3, she created and launched Freeview – a joint venture between the BBC, Sky and Arqiva, which became one of the UK's most successful new television services.
On 6 October 2004, the BBC announced that Fairbairn and her husband had "decided to take time out from their careers to spend a year travelling around the world with their three children".
Fairbairn briefly rejoined McKinsey & Company in 2006, before becoming director of corporate development and strategy at ITV plc between 2007 and 2010. She joined the company at a time of crisis as the advertising market collapsed following the financial crash. She was put in charge of ITV's emergency cost-reduction programme to cut the company's cost base by 25%. This enabled ITV to weather the storm and subsequently return to growth.
On 24 July 2013 David Currie, the chairman-designate of the new Competition and Markets Authority, announced Fairbairn's appointment as a non-executive director. Between 2008 and 2011, Carolyn was a non-executive director of the Financial Services Authority.
Fairbairn has extensive boardroom experience, including as a non-executive director of Lloyds Banking Group (2012-15), The Vitec Group, a medium-sized photographic and broadcast equipment supplier (2012-1), the global outsourcer Capita (2014-15) and the UK Statistics Authority (2013-15).
In March 2021, she was appointed non-executive director of BAE Systems plc. She resigned just over a year later in May 2022 to take up the position of Chair of the Royal Mencap Society.
Confederation of British Industry (CBI)
In June 2015, it was announced that she would replace John Cridland in November as director-general of the Confederation of British Industry, as a result of which she would resign all other positions aside from her chair of the charity, Marie Curie Cancer Care.
Fairbairn has spoken about her vision for the CBI saying, "I've spent most of my working life in British business and believe deeply in its purpose as a creator of fulfilling jobs, quality of life and prosperity. I'm committed to using my experience to speak up passionately on behalf of British businesses of all sizes on the national and international stage."
In June 2020, the CBI announced that Fairbairn would step down at the end of 2020 and would be replaced by Tony Danker.
Personal life
She is married to Peter Chittick and they have three children. Chittick is Canadian, trained as a lawyer, and met Fairbairn when they were students at INSEAD. He is a multimillionaire property developer, and together they own the "boutique" Hotel Crillon Le Brave in Provence, France.
References
External links
CBI – Carolyn Fairbairn
Biography
News report on Fairbairn leaving BBC
1960 births
Living people
Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
People educated at Bryanston School
McKinsey & Company people
British management consultants
BBC people
British television executives
Women television executives
Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire |
David Watson Taylor (March 4, 1864 – July 28, 1940) was a U.S. naval architect and an engineer of the United States Navy. He served during World War I as Chief Constructor of the Navy, and Chief of the Bureau of Construction and Repair. Taylor is best known as the man who constructed the first experimental towing tank ever built in the United States.
Early life and education
Taylor was born in Louisa County, Virginia, Confederate States of America. He entered the United States Naval Academy in 1881, after graduating from Randolph-Macon College where he was a member of Phi Kappa Psi. He graduated from the Academy in 1885 at the head of his class, setting a scholarship record, which still stands today. He was then sent to Greenwich England in 1885 and received the highest honors of the Royal Naval College, Greenwich in 1888, again setting a record.
Career
In August 1886, Taylor was appointed an assistant naval constructor. Early in his naval career he served on various stations and in 1909 acted as chief of the navy's Bureau of Construction and Repair. In 1895 he was the first American honored by award of a gold medal of the British Institute of Naval Architects.
In 1898 he constructed and had charge of the first experimental tank for models of war vessels built in the United States. He was connected with boards dealing with hull changes of naval vessels. In probably the greatest achievement of his career he created the "Taylor Standard Series" of 80 models with systematically varying proportions and prismatic coefficient. This series is still used for preliminary estimates of ship resistance for twin screw, moderate to high speed naval ships. The book was revised in 1933 with the addition of data on 40 new models. The series data was re-analyzed using more recent methods of evaluating friction resistance, and the results were published in 1954. Both "Speed and Power" and the Reanalysis were republished by the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers in 1998, the centennial of the EMB.
The Taylor Series allows variation of the slenderness ratio, beam to draft ratio, and prismatic coefficient. While these are far from the only parameters that can be varied in a warship's hull design, it is possible to get a preliminary estimate of ship resistance from the series for essentially all warships, and many merchant ships, built since Taylor's time. Taylor's main contribution was to recognize that these three simple parameters were the critical ones for ship performance. A Taylor series estimate is accurate enough to plan the model test and to develop an idea of how much power will be required to achieve design speed, prior to model testing the actual hull form. Today the Taylor Series has been programmed in electronic form and is used in several ship "synthesis models" to do feasibility studies for new ships.
After the RMS Titanic disaster of 1912, he was assigned to investigate the problem of making ships more seaworthy through better hull construction. On this duty, he served under the Secretary of Commerce and took a leading part in the International Conference on Safety at Sea, which grew out of the Titanic sinking.
Taylor as Chief Constructor of the Navy during World War I
On December 14, 1914, a few months after the outbreak of war in Europe, Taylor became chief of the Bureau of Construction and Repair, with the rank of rear admiral on December 14, 1914. He held that post throughout the war, along with the title of Chief Constructor of the Navy.
Taylor's active interest in aviation was stimulated by his appointment as a representative of the government on the National Research Council in 1916. In January, 1917, he was senior member of the Joint Army and Navy Technical Board for Design and Construction of a Zeppelin-type airship.
Through the World War, Taylor supervised the creation of numbers of new ships for naval service. For this work the navy bestowed upon him the Distinguished Service Medal, with the citation: "For exceptionally meritorious service in a duty of great responsibility as Chief of the Bureau of Construction and Repair." The French government made him a Commander of the Legion of Honor.
Taylor also aided in the development of the NC-type flying boat, the first aircraft to make a transatlantic flight.
Taylor remained the head of the Bureau of Construction and Repair until 1922.
Aeronautical activities post World War I
After his retirement from active service in 1923, Taylor focused his attention on aeronautics. He played a major role in promoting aviation's technical development, serving on several committees of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), the precursor of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Taylor served as chairman of NACA's Subcommittee on Aeronautical Inventions and Designs after the subcommittee was organized in March 1927. Later that year, he was made chairman of the Subcommittee on Aerodynamics.
Long recognized as an international authority on naval architecture and marine engineering. Taylor applied the principles of hydrodynamics to the problem of aerodynamics. Following this new field of aviation, Taylor became one of the foremost authorities in the world in aerodynamics. He specialized on problems connected with the design of aircraft propellers and of seaplane floats and flying-boat hulls.
In 1931, Taylor was awarded the John Fritz Medal, the highest honor of the American engineering profession, "for outstanding achievement in marine architecture, for revolutionary results of persistent research in hull design, for improvements in many types of warships and for distinguished service as chief constructor for the United States Navy during the World War."
Later life and death
Shortly before his death, the navy's Research and Development community honored Taylor by naming its new model basin after him. The new model basin constructed at Carderock, Maryland, the finest facility of its kind in the world, was dedicated as the David Taylor Model Basin in his presence in 1939. The Model Basin retains his name as a living memorial to this distinguished naval architect and marine engineer.
Taylor died in Washington, D.C., on July 28, 1940.
Legacy
Taylor was influential in the development of the United States Navy's superiority. In addition to the Model Basin, the Navy has honored Taylor's legacy in several ways. In 1942 the destroyer David W. Taylor (DD-551) was named in his honor. The Navy's David W. Taylor Award recognizes outstanding scientific achievement, awarded for a contribution to the development of future maritime systems through the creation of technology based upon research. In 1907 he was conferred with Honorary Membership of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland.
The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers awards the David W. Taylor Medal for "notable achievement in naval architecture and/or marine engineering."
The SS President Cleveland
was intended to be named USS Admiral D. W. Taylor.
References
External links
Navy biography of David Taylor
Arlington National Cemetery
1864 births
1940 deaths
Military personnel from Virginia
United States Navy personnel of World War I
Graduates of the Royal Naval College, Greenwich
People from Louisa County, Virginia
Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal
United States Naval Academy alumni
United States Navy admirals
John Fritz Medal recipients
American naval architects
People born in the Confederate States
Recipients of Franklin Medal |
The Płonia () is a river in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, a right tributary of the Oder river, with a length of 74.3 km and a basin area of 1101 km2. Its source is 1.5 south of Barlinek. The river flows northwest through Miedwie and Płoń lake. The Płonia flows into Dąbie Lake in Dąbie, Szczecin.
The upper portion of Płonia is comparatively unpolluted, therefore trout can be found there.
References
Rivers of Poland
Rivers of West Pomeranian Voivodeship |
Las Minas is a town and corregimiento in Las Minas District, Herrera Province, Panama with a population of 1,975 as of 2010. It is the seat of Las Minas District. Its population as of 1990 was 1,981; its population as of 2000 was 2,209.
References
Corregimientos of Herrera Province |
89/93: An Anthology is a retrospective compilation album by American alternative country band Uncle Tupelo, released in 2002 by Legacy Recordings.
The compilation contains mostly original songs from Uncle Tupelo's four studio albums. "Outdone" is a demo version of the song released on No Depression. "I Wanna Be Your Dog" was previously unreleased. "Looking for a Way Out" is an acoustic version of the track released on Still Feel Gone. "Effigy", a Creedence Clearwater Revival cover, was originally released on the 1993 compilation album No Alternative.
Track listing
"No Depression" – (A.P. Carter)
"Screen Door" – (Farrar, Tweedy, Heidorn)
"Graveyard Shift" – (Farrar, Tweedy, Heidorn)
"Whiskey Bottle" – (Farrar, Tweedy, Heidorn)
"Outdone" (1989 Demo)* – (Farrar, Tweedy, Heidorn)
"I Got Drunk" – (Farrar, Tweedy, Heidorn)
"I Wanna Be Your Dog"*– (The Stooges)
"Gun" – (Farrar, Tweedy, Heidorn)
"Still Be Around" – (Farrar, Tweedy, Heidorn)
"Looking for a Way Out" (Acoustic Version)* – (Farrar, Tweedy, Heidorn)
"Watch Me Fall" – (Farrar, Tweedy, Heidorn)
"Sauget Wind" – (Farrar, Tweedy, Heidorn)
"Black Eye" – (Farrar, Tweedy)
"Moonshiner" – (traditional, arranged by Farrar, Tweedy)
"Fatal Wound" – (Farrar, Tweedy)
"Grindstone" – (Farrar, Tweedy)
"Effigy" – (Fogerty)
"The Long Cut" – (Farrar, Tweedy)
"Chickamauga" – (Farrar, Tweedy)
"New Madrid" – (Farrar, Tweedy)
"We've Been Had" (Live) – (Farrar, Tweedy)
*Previously Unreleased
References
Uncle Tupelo albums
2002 compilation albums
Legacy Recordings compilation albums
Albums produced by Jeff Tweedy
Albums produced by Jay Farrar |
```java
package com.journaldev.dynamictests;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.DynamicTest.dynamicTest;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.DynamicTest;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestFactory;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.function.Executable;
import com.journaldev.utils.MyUtils;
public class JUnit5DynamicTests {
@TestFactory
Collection<DynamicTest> dynamicTests() {
return Arrays.asList(
dynamicTest("simple dynamic test", () -> assertTrue(true)),
dynamicTest("My Executable Class", new MyExecutable()),
// dynamicTest("Exception Executable", () -> {throw new Exception("Exception Example");}),
dynamicTest("simple dynamic test-2", () -> assertTrue(true))
);
}
@TestFactory
Stream<DynamicTest> dynamicTestsExample() {
List<Integer> input1List = Arrays.asList(1,2,3);
List<Integer> input2List = Arrays.asList(10,20,30);
List<DynamicTest> dynamicTests = new ArrayList<>();
for(int i=0; i < input1List.size(); i++) {
int x = input1List.get(i);
int y = input2List.get(i);
DynamicTest dynamicTest = dynamicTest("Dynamic Test for MyUtils.add("+x+","+y+")", () ->{assertEquals(x+y,MyUtils.add(x,y));});
dynamicTests.add(dynamicTest);
}
return dynamicTests.stream();
}
}
class MyExecutable implements Executable {
@Override
public void execute() throws Throwable {
System.out.println("Hello World!");
}
}
``` |
Alexis (born 2 December 1960) is a German pop and gala singer. She is mainly known for participating in the German "Rudi Carrell Show" (a show similar to "Star Search" or "Pop Idol") in 1989, singing Whitney Houston's song "One Moment In Time" (which brought her a major record deal with Sony Records). She later sang the female lead role on the German Top 10 album "Tabaluga & Lilli" (a conceptual pop record for children, concerning Tabaluga) and later toured Germany with the musical "Tabaluga & Lilli".
Biography
Alexis studied at the German "Stage School of Dance and Drama" from 1986 – 1989.
As a teenager she released her first single, called "Do You Really Want Me," which was produced by Dieter Bohlen's co-producer Luis Rodriguez (Modern Talking, C. C. Catch) and turned into a small club hit in Germany in 1986. A second less successful single followed one year later.
On 21 January 1989, Alexis performed her rendition of Whitney Houston's "One Moment In Time" on the German Rudi Carrell TV show (which had 24 million viewers that night). The "Rudi Carrell Show" was similar to concepts such as "Star Search" or "Pop Idol" and people who performed on that show gained a lot of media attention.
Alexis received offers for a record deal from basically all German record labels, including Sony Records, BMG, Polydor, etc. Alexis chose an exclusive deal with CBS Records (which is a division of Sony Records these days) and began working on her first solo album.
Her first album, simply entitled "Alexis" was released in early 1990. It was produced by Harold Faltermeyer (who wrote the soundtrack for the blockbuster movie "Beverly Hills Cop"), and Gunter Mende & Candy Derouge (who have written songs for Celine Dion and Lory Bianco). Among the songwriters were the German duo Klarmann/Weber (who have already written songs performed by La Toya Jackson or Chaka Khan).
Alexis promoted her debut album on more than 20 prime-time TV shows and she was nominated for the German award "Goldene Europa." Another single, produced by Ralf-René Maué (Samantha Fox) followed in autumn 1990. This, however, was the end of Alexis's collaboration with CBS Records due Sony Records taking over the company in Germany.
In 1992, she released her first single in the German language called "Du Hast So Viel In Dir," which was also the theme of a TV commercial for Granini fruit juice. In the same year she won the annual MMS Music Festival in Portoroz, Slovenia.
In 1993, she was hired by one of Germany's top-selling rock artists, Peter Maffay for his legendary rock musical "Tabaluga" and offered her the part of the female lead role, Lilli. Their duet single "Ich Fühl Wie Du" entered the German Top 100 and the album remained in the Top 10 for three consecutive months.
The musical "Tabaluga and Lilli" went on tour and they did almost 100 shows in the biggest halls of Germany, such as Munich, Berlin or Dortmund. At the end of the year the musical was broadcast on German television.
Alexis recorded two songs for the new Willy Bogner film "White Magic" and worked with Harold Faltermeyer again.
In 1996, she released a single, entitled "Empire of the Champ" (co-written by Alexis), which was her most successful solo hit. Alexis wrote the song for the boxing match between Darius Michalczewski and Rocky Graciano. Vitali Klitschko later used the song as his theme song whenever he did boxing matches.
Alexis has often made guest appearances on other artist's music projects, such as singing on the cover version of Yes` "Owner of A Lonely Heart" for a new dance project called 2 Ruff (the song entered the German Top 100 and peaked at #66). She also worked twice with Edward Simoni.
Alexis lives in Hamburg, Germany and works as a full-time singer.
Discography
Singles
1986: Do You Really Want Me
1987: First Night of Love
1990: Prisoner of Love
1990: Close to Heaven
1990: Lying Eyes
1992: Du hast so viel in dir
1993: Ich fühl wie du (duet with Peter Maffay)
1996: Empire of the Champ
1997: Where Are You?
1999: Eine ferne Melodie (with Edward Simoni)
Albums
1990: Alexis
1999: Eine ferne Melodie (Edward Simoni feat. Alexis)
2004: Schwerelos geborgen (Edward Simoni feat. Alexis)
Other projects
1993: Tabaluga & Lilli (album by Peter Maffay) – 1 duet song
1994: Tabaluga & Lilli (live CD) – 2 titles "Ich fühl wie du"
1994: White Magic (soundtrack) – 1 title "Crystal Dreams"
1998: 2 Ruff feat. Alexis (single) – "Owner of a Lonely Heart"
2000: Harry Calahan feat. Alexis (vinyl DJ maxi) – "Return to the Funk"
References
Living people
English-language singers from Germany
1960 births
Alexis |
Óscar Díaz Asprilla (born 8 June 1972) is a Colombian former footballer who played as a midfielder.
Déaz was part of the Colombia national football team at the 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup where he played in the match against Japan. He also won the 2001 Copa América with Colombia's national team.
References
External links
Colombia Squad Intercontinental Cup for Nations 2003
1972 births
Living people
Colombian men's footballers
Colombia men's international footballers
Deportivo Cali footballers
2003 FIFA Confederations Cup players
Categoría Primera A players
Categoría Primera B players
Once Caldas footballers
Deportivo Pereira footballers
Cortuluá footballers
Millonarios F.C. players
S.D. Quito footballers
Deportes Quindío footballers
Boyacá Chicó F.C. footballers
Patriotas Boyacá footballers
2001 Copa América players
2004 Copa América players
Copa América-winning players
Men's association football midfielders
Footballers from Valle del Cauca Department |
Syed Asim Munir Ahmed Shah HI(M) () is a Pakistani army general, the current Chief of Army Staff since 29 November 2022. Prior to becoming army chief he was posted at the GHQ as Quartermaster general. He commanded the XXX Corps in Gujranwala from 17 June 2019 to 6 October 2021. He served as the 23rd Director-General of the ISI until he was replaced with Lt. Gen. Faiz Hameed on 16 June 2019. Asim Munir was the recipient of the prestigious Sword of Honour for his excellent performance as a cadet in the Officers Training School, Mangla.
Early life and education
Asim Munir was born into a middle class Punjabi Muslim family, their roots lying in Jalandhar, now in Indian Punjab, from where his parents migrated. They moved to Toba Tek Singh before settling down in Rawalpindi's Dheri Hassanabad, where they have been established for decades now. His late father, Syed Sarwar Munir, was the principal of the FG Technical High School, Rawalpindi. Munir has two siblings, Syed Qasim Munir and Syed Hashim Munir. One of his brothers is a government school teacher.
Asim Munir is a fitness enthusiast. He likes running, physical workout and sports. He is a keen book reader and traveller. Munir is fluent in Arabic, Urdu, Punjabi and English.
Asim Munir graduated from the Fuji school, Japan, the Command and Staff College, Quetta, the Malaysian Armed Forces College, Kuala Lumpur and the National Defence University, Islamabad, where he earned his MPhil in Public Policy and Strategic Security Management.
Military career
Asim Munir is from the 17th course of the Officers Training School in Mangla. He was commissioned in the 23rd Battalion of the Frontier Force Regiment. He started his military career in 25 April 1986.
As a Lieutenant Colonel, Asim Munir has served in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) as part of close defence cooperation between Riyadh and Islamabad. He has served at Siachin Glacier as well. Brigadier Asim Munir, earlier was serving as the Chief of Staff of Pakistan's I Strike Corps Mangla. He was promoted as a Major-general in 2014 served as the commander of the Troops deployed in the Northern Areas of Pakistan in 2014 as Force Commander North Areas (FCNA). Munir has also served as Director-General of Military Intelligence in 2016. He was awarded the Hilal-i-Imtiaz in March 2018. Asim Munir was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General in September 2018 and was subsequently appointed as DG ISI. In June 2019, Munir was replaced by Lt. Gen. Faiz Hameed as the new DG ISI. Subsequently, Munir was appointed as Corps Commander of XXX Corps in Gujranwala in 2019.From 2021 to November 2022, Lt-General Asim was posted at GHQ as Quartermaster General of Pakistan Army. In November 2022, Lt General Munir was promoted to the four-star General rank and was appointed as the Chief of the Army Staff of Pakistan Army. At the time of his appointment as COAS, Asim Munir was the senior most Lt.General of the Pakistan Army. In December 2022, General Asim Munir received the Nishan-i-Imtiaz (Military) award from President Arif Alvi. At the Aiwan-e-Sadr, the top military officials were given special investitures in front of Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, diplomats, lawmakers, and federal ministers were present during the ceremony.
General Asim Munir is the only recipient of Sword of Honour who has risen to the position of army chief in the military history of Pakistan. Besides, he is the only army chief in the history of Pakistan who has earlier served as chief of both premier military intelligence agencies of Pakistan, namely, Inter-Services Intelligence and Military Intelligence.
General Asim Munir is the first Quartermaster General of Pakistan Army who has been elevated to the post of army chief. General Munir is also first army chief who is not from PMA but OTS, Mangla.
On his appointment as COAS the Al-Jazeera described Asim Munir as an officer with an “impeccable reputation”.While The Times of India declares him as a "tough guy" for his hawkish attitude.
Dates of promotion
Awards and decorations
Foreign decorations
References
Living people
Chiefs of Army Staff, Pakistan
Directors General of Inter-Services Intelligence
Pakistani generals
Frontier Force Regiment officers
20th-century Pakistani military personnel
Pakistan Army officers
20th-century military personnel
Pakistan Army personnel
Pakistani military personnel
Military personnel from Punjab, Pakistan
21st-century Pakistani military personnel
Pakistani expatriates in Malaysia
National Defence University, Pakistan alumni
Graduates of the Staff College, Quetta
Academic staff of Pakistan Military Academy
Pakistani expatriates in Japan
Recipients of Hilal-i-Imtiaz
Recipients of Nishan-e-Imtiaz
Spymasters
Date of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people) |
Macrocystidia cucumis is a common, inedible mushroom of the genus Macrocystidia, often found in large numbers on needle litter or moist soil.
Description
The cap is convex to flat, dark red to blackish brown with a yellowish edge, very much paler when dry and growing up to in diameter.
The gills are white, later reddish and quite crowded. The spores are variable in colour: white, pink, brown have all been observed. The stipe is a similar colour to the cap, thin, and velvety at the base.
The flesh is white and has a smell of freshly cut cucumbers.
Distribution and habitat
Macrocystidia cucumis was originally described in Europe where it is most common, and it is also known from North America, Australia and New Zealand. It can be found in forests, disturbed grounds and gardens and its preferred substrate is wood debris.
References
External links
Marasmiaceae
Fungi described in 1796
Fungi of Europe |
The Walt is a four-piece post-punk/indie rock band from Utrecht, Netherlands consisting of musicians known from We vs. Death, Kismet and the retired metalcore group Dawn of Awakening. According to their official website the Walt's influences include bands such as At the Drive-In, Medications, Q and not U, 31Knots and Hot Snakes.
Since 2004 the band has released an annual online promo. In 2008 The Walt was signed by indie-label Beep! Beep! Back Up the Truck and released their debut EP titled 'Something we did not have'. A full-length album is scheduled for 2009.
Members
Johan Nijhoff—vocals and bassguitar
Sacha van den Haak—guitar and backing vocals
Wouter Kors—guitar
Boudewijn Rosenmuller—drums
Discography
Promo's
3-song e.p. (2005, DIY - CD)
disco
Hit Me
little sister
Recorded at Newground Studio, 2005.
Released under a Creative Commons License; Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 2.5.
4-song e.p. (2006, DIY - CD)
sir we'll meet again
little sister
only smoke
playing stellenbosch with the boys
Recorded at Studio Moskou, 2006.
Released under a Creative Commons License; Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 2.5.
3-song e.p. (2007, DIY - CD)
Self-reflective Temper Management
Happily Ever After
The Word Conspiracy
Recorded at Newground Studio, 2007.
Released under a Creative Commons License; Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 2.5.
EP
Something we did not have (2008, BEEP002 - CD)
The first official EP by The Walt turned out to be a collection of old and new material, recorded at the infamous Mailmen Studios. As stated in the press-release, the EP provided The Walt with enough experience and confidence to start working on their debut full-length album, scheduled for 2009.
Overall, the EP has been very well received by press and public. In December 2008 the EP won the 'Locals Only' competition hosted by LiveXS Magazine, resulting in three performances by the band in the acclaimed venues Paradiso (Amsterdam), Het Paard (Den Hague) and LuxorLive (Arnhem).
Zur Biederburg
Happily Ever After
non-threat
disco
Self-Reflective Temper Management
Recorded at Mailmen Studio, 2008.
Released under a Creative Commons License; Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 3.0.
Credits:
released 23 October 2008
Recorded By - Martijn Groeneveld
Recorded By - Thomas Sohilait
Recorded By [Vocals And Keys] - Wouter Kors
Mixed By - Martijn Groeneveld
Mastered By - David Gardner
Drawings By - Sander Polderman
Various artists compilations
Behold my puny bears, Vol. I - (2008, BEEP001 - CD)
Embrace Fire - the soft house
We vs. Death - golden medals
The Walt - non-threat
Het Gloren - als je lacht
Kismet - White castle
Schotel van de Dag - aim & blame
Paper Tiger - 1995
Recorded at Newground Studio, 2007.
Released under a Creative Commons License; Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 3.0.
Creative commons
The Walt has chosen to avoid the Dutch collecting society for musicians (BUMA/STEMRA) by using Creative Commons licensing, claiming they want to control the rights of their music themselves and be able to distribute their music for free online. As a result their label offers the complete discography as free downloads. In December 2008, the band published all 150 studio tracks from their EP 'Something we did not have' on ccMixter to show their support for the modern remix culture and the Creative Commons platform.
References
External links
Musicfrom.nl (In the press)
Dutch alternative rock groups
Musical groups established in 2004
Creative Commons-licensed works |
Ismail Adaliatovych Abdullaiev (born 23 May 1966), also known under the pseudonym Vladimir Abdullaev (), is a Russian citizen from Donetsk Oblast, currently operating as the director of the pro-Russian broadcasting company , and formerly the director of until 2018. He has been sanctioned by the Ukrainian government since October 2022, and is also included in the Myrotvorets and Chesno databases of traitors to the Ukrainian state. In June 2023, he was served with a notice of suspicion by the Security Service of Ukraine.
Early life
Ismail Adaliatovych Abdullaiev was born on 23 May 1966 in the city of Donetsk, then part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.
He gained his education in chemical engineering at the Donetsk Polytechnic Institute. From 1987 to 1996, during his time studying as a student there, he represented the university as a member of the in the Soviet KVN game show.
Ismail Abullaiev's first experience in directing Television came with his position as director of the now-defunct Bordiur production company, which was registered by him on 24 June 1998.
Separatist activities
Following the beginning of the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2014, he began to advocate for the independence of the Donetsk People's Republic. Despite this, he was reportedly seen by some members of the Ukrainian government, particularly , as one of the more reasonable figures on the separatist side, and as one with whom political dialogue could be engaged.
After the seizure of the technical facilities of the in 2014, Ismail Abdullaiev took up the role of creating Oplot TV as the new regional channel of the Donetsk region off of its basis. He crafted a deal with Donetsk separatist leader Oleksandr Zakharchenko to present Zakharchenko's interviews on Oplot TV exclusively. Additionally, he made a personal agreement with pro-Russian Ukrainian journalist Anatolii Sharii to have Sharii's videos be broadcast on the television channel.
In 2018, following the death of Oleksandr Zakharchenko in August of that year, Oplot TV was placed under the authority of the , with Ismail Abullaiev no longer functioning as its director.
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
His services once again came into prominence following the Russian occupation of large parts of Kherson oblast, and a desire of the Russian state to set up collaborationist media authorities in the region. After the seizure of the technical facilities of , Ismail Abdullaiev was officially appointed director of the newly established broadcasting company Tavria TV on 11 August 2022. The process of its establishment also involved help from the authorities of Kaliningrad oblast of Russia, with Kaliningrad governor Anton Alikhanov, Sergey Eliseev, and Ismail Abdullaiev all cutting the ribbon to introduce the channel together. The television channel was thereafter heavily praised by local collaborator Kyrylo Stremousov.
Since assuming his position as the director of Tavria TV, Ismail Abdullaiev has begun to use the pseudonym Vladimir Abdullaev in all official settings.
In August 2022, Tavria TV was involved in the creation of a media school on the campus of Kherson State University, with Ismail Abdullaiev lecturing there in person and being involved in its organization. The purpose of the media school was to train pro-Russian locals of Kherson in journalism and then hire them as staff for Tavria TV. Several months later, in November 2022, it was revealed that a number of people who had passed the course of the media school had been hired to work under Abdullaiev, both as video editors and cameramen.
Since 19 October 2022, by presidential decree, he has been included in the sanctions list of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine.
On 21 October 2022, Ismail Abullaiev claimed Tavria TV reporters to have been targeted by a Ukrainian M142 HIMARS rocket system strike while crossing the Antonivskyi Bridge, alleging that two of his colleagues from Tavria TV were killed as a result. He was reportedly nearby, but not on the bridge at the time, and thus not injured.
Following the liberation of Kherson on 9 November 2022, Tavria TV ceased operations temporarily, until the television station could be relocated. On 21 November, Tavria TV restarted operations from the city of Henichesk, with Abdullaiev continuing as its director.
The Security Service of Ukraine served Ismail Abdullaiev with a notice of suspicion on 8 June 2023.
Personal life
Ismail Abullaiev has a wife by the name of Hanna Ivanivna Abullaieva, who his Bordiur production company was partially registered in the name of. He also has a son named Volodymyr Ismailovych Abdullaiev, who is a member of the youth parliament of the Donetsk People's Republic and helps his father in many of his projects.
Following the beginning of the Russo-Ukrainian war in 2014, Ismail Abdullaiev applied for and was granted Russian citizenship.
Notes
References
External links
KVN
People from Donetsk
People from the Donetsk People's Republic
Pro-Russian people of the war in Donbas
Television directors
Ukrainian collaborators with Russia
1966 births
Living people |
DZLL (107.1 FM), broadcasting as 107.1 MemoRieS FM, is a radio station owned and operated by Primax Broadcasting Network. Its studio and transmitter are located at Primax Compound, Diplomat Rd., Dominican Hill, Baguio.
Profile
The station was established in 1992 as Mellow Touch, airing a soft adult contemporary format. In 1997, when FBS Radio Network sold the station to Primax, the station underwent transition under the Smooth Jazz branding, airing a smooth jazz format. Months later, it added soul and R&B to its playlist.
The following year, it was rebranded as City Lite with the tagline "Take it Easy". It was home of Beatbox, which airs only hip hop and R&B. Its notable morning program was The Breakfast Club. The station was an affiliate of Manila-based Raven Broadcasting Corporation, which owns a station with the same name. In 2002, the station cut ties with Raven and rebranded as Smooth FM with the tagline "Your Stress-Free Radio".
In March 2017, Smooth FM 107.1 became an affiliate of the Radio Mindanao Network and rebranded as MemoRies FM 107.1 with a classic hits format.
References
Radio stations in Baguio
Radio stations established in 1992 |
Glyceria lithuanica is a species of grass in the family Poaceae.
It is native to Eurasia.
References
lithuanica |
Udo Tschira is a German billionaire heir.
He is the son of Klaus Tschira, the co-founder of the software company, SAP AG.
Together with his brother Harald Tschira, they inherited their father's wealth on his death in 2015. As of 2021, they are jointly worth $11.3 billion. He owns about 3% of SAP.
He is a director of Fluid Operations AG.
References
German billionaires
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Blue Bell Hill is a chalk hill in the English county of Kent.
Blue Bell Hill may also refer to:
Blue Bell Hill (Pennsylvania), a neighborhood in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Blue Bell Hill (village), a village in Kent, England
See also
Bluebell Hill transmitting station
Blue Bell (disambiguation)
Bell Hill (disambiguation)
Blue Hill (disambiguation) |
The 2012 NASCAR Nationwide Series was the 31st season of the NASCAR Nationwide Series, the second-tier professional stock car racing series sanctioned by NASCAR in the United States. The season included thirty-three races, down from thirty-four, and began with the DRIVE4COPD 300 at Daytona International Speedway and ended with the Ford EcoBoost 300 at Homestead-Miami Speedway. Chevrolet won the Manufacturer's Championship. Joe Gibbs won the Owners' Championship with the No. 18 car, while Ricky Stenhouse Jr. of Roush Fenway Racing won the Drivers' championship with a sixth-place finish at the final race of the season.
Teams and drivers
Complete schedule
Limited schedule
Team changes
Discontinued/Suspended operations
Kevin Harvick closed his team and transferred its cars, crew, and points over to Richard Childress Racing.
Unable to secure a sponsor for the #66 Toyota driven by Steven Wallace, Rusty Wallace announced on January 6 that his Nationwide Series team Rusty Wallace Racing would be placed on hiatus and had released driver Michael Annett.
After running a partial schedule in 2011, Team Rensi Motorsports moved to the K&N Pro Series East with development driver Mark Ballas.
Started operations
Tommy Baldwin Racing returns to the Nationwide Series, fielding a #36 Chevrolet in 6 events for Sprint Cup driver Dave Blaney's son, Ryan Blaney, as well as one race appearances by K&N East Series champion Ryan Truex and Modified driver Bobby Santos III.
Kyle Busch Motorsports announced on January 19 that driving duties would be split between Kyle Busch and his brother Kurt. Notably, Kyle ran in the Nationwide Series only for KBM, and drove 22 races while Kurt drove the other 11.
Driver changes
Driver changes
Danica Patrick raced full-time in 2012 driving the No. 7 Chevrolet for JR Motorsports after running a part-time schedule in 2010 and 2011.
Tayler Malsam raced full-time in 2012 driving the No. 19 Toyota for TriStar Motorsports, replacing Mike Bliss.
2011 ROTY runner-up Blake Koch moved to Rick Ware Racing, replacing Carl Long who drove the car for most of 2011. However, his sponsorship dried up after ESPN denied them ad time, and Koch left RWR.
Kasey Kahne and USAC driver Brad Sweet split the driving duties of the No. 38 Chevrolet for Turner Motorsports. Sweet contested Rookie of the Year and ran 18 races while Kahne ran the other 15.
After fielding the #39 Ford for multiple drivers in 2011, Go Green Racing announced on January 6 that Joey Gase would drive the team's #39 entry full-time and compete for Sunoco Rookie of the Year.
After the shutdown of Rusty Wallace Racing, Michael Annett teamed up with Richard Petty Motorsports to run the #43 Ford full-time.
Entering the series
Travis Pastrana was to make his NASCAR debut with Pastrana-Waltrip Racing, running 7 races in 2011, beginning at Indianapolis. However, due to injuries he sustained at X Games XVII, his debut was delayed until Richmond in April 2012.
Austin Dillon moved up to the Nationwide Series to run for Rookie of The Year honors in 2012. Dillon drove a No. 3 Chevrolet for Richard Childress Racing.
Cole Whitt was announced as the driver of the No. 88 Chevrolet for JR Motorsports on January 4, replacing Aric Almirola who moved up to the Sprint Cup Series with Richard Petty Motorsports.
Johanna Long announced her move up to the Nationwide Series with ML Motorsports, driving their #70 Chevrolet for 22 races to compete for Rookie of the Year honors.
On January 9, Phoenix Racing announced that its driver in the Nationwide Series, as in the Sprint Cup Series, would be Kurt Busch, who completed in Nationwide part-time.
Ryan Blaney, son of Sprint Cup driver Dave Blaney, ran a limited schedule in the Nationwide Series, driving the team's No. 36 for 6 races.
Former K&N West Series Champion Jason Bowles ran for Rookie of the Year with MacDonald Motorsports.
Changed teams
Exiting the series
Aric Almirola left the series to drive in the # 43 RPM Sprint Cup Series full-time.
2012 calendar
Calendar changes
The Richmond 250 was moved to the weekend before the Aaron's 312.
The Pioneer Hi-Bred 250 and History 300 were moved to precede the 5-hour Energy 200.
The Indianapolis weekend race, originally held at Lucas Oil Raceway, was moved to the Indianapolis Motor Speedway as part of "Super Weekend at the Brickyard."
The Feed The Children 300 was moved to precede the Subway Jalapeño 250.
Dover Motorsports removed both races from the Nashville Superspeedway.
The Dollar General 300 was moved to precede the Kansas Lottery 300.
Kentucky Speedway removed the IndyCar race from its schedule and replaced it with a second Nationwide race: a 300-mile event in September. The Truck undercard race continued.
Season summary
The Nationwide Series started its 2012 season at Daytona. The race was dominated by a mix of tandem and pack drafting. On the final lap, Kurt and Kyle Busch attempted to block the tandem of Joey Logano and Trevor Bayne. When the Busch brothers moved up to block, it resulted in a 10 car collision that wrecked most of the top 10. Part-time Nationwide driver James Buescher sailed through the wreck and scored his first series win. Heading to Phoenix, Kevin Harvick dominated the race, leading 90 laps. On the final pitstop, teammate Sadler got two tires and managed to hold off a charging Brad Keselowski for his first Nationwide win in 14 years. Heading to Las Vegas, defending champion Ricky Stenhouse Jr. held off veteran Mark Martin for his first win of the season. The next week at Bristol, polesitter Logano dominated the race, leading 119 laps. But Elliott Sadler, on the advice of crew chief Luke Lambert, stayed out during the final round of pit stops and held off Kasey Kahne for his second win in four races. In California, Logano won back-to-back poles, but held off Stenhouse for his first win of the season.
Following the off week, teams returned to racing at Texas. There, Stenhouse and Paul Menard were the class of the field, with Menard leading 100 laps. However, Stenhouse rallied from a poor early pitstop and held off Menard for his second win of the season. At Richmond, Harvick, Kurt Busch, and Virginia native Denny Hamlin dominated the race, but Busch would hold off Hamlin to take the first Nationwide win for Kyle Busch Motorsports. The following week at Talladega, a multi-car crash on the last lap forced a red flag. On the restart, Joey Logano edged Cup teammate Kyle Busch by 0.034 seconds to take his second win of the year. At Darlington, Hamlin dominated the race, leading 102 laps. However, a push from Keselowski on a green-white-checkered restart sent Logano to the lead and to his second consecutive win. At Iowa, points leader Stenhouse once again dominated, leading 209 of 250 laps to easily claim his third consecutive Iowa win. At Charlotte, Keselowski stayed out during the final round of pit stops, going 73 laps on a single tank of fuel to claim his first win of the season. At Dover, Logano dominated the race and held off teammates Ryan Truex and Brian Scott to grab the win.
Following the second off weekend, the series returned to action at Michigan, where Logano once again dominated the race, holding off Buescher to grab his second consecutive victory. The following week at Road America, Nelson Piquet Jr. dominated the race from pole, grabbing his first Nationwide win and becoming the first Brazilian to win in one of NASCAR's top three divisions. At Kentucky, Austin Dillon dominated the race, easily holding off the field to take his first career Nationwide win and becoming the first rookie winner since Juan Pablo Montoya. Dillon took over the points lead, but lost it after failing post-race inspection. When the series returned to Daytona, multiple Big Ones took out most of the contenders. However, Kurt Busch stayed out front and pulled a last lap pass on Joey Logano to take his second win of the season. The series headed to Chicago, where Stenhouse dominated most of the day, but a decision to stay out when the leaders pitted on lap 130 cost him later. On lap 166, Stenhouse pitted, handing the lead to points leader Sadler. Sadler managed to hold off both Stenhouse and Illinois native Justin Allgaier on a green-white-checkered to take his third win of the season and win the Nationwide Dash 4 Cash bonus.
The series made its inaugural trip to the Brickyard, where points leader Sadler led after Kyle Busch was involved in a late wreck. However, NASCAR officials penalized Sadler for allegedly jumping the final restart, sending him back to 16th. Cup regular Keselowski took the lead and held off teammate Sam Hornish Jr. to give owner Roger Penske his first stock car win at Indy. At the second race in Iowa, polesitter Elliott Sadler rebounded from the disappointment at Indy and held off Justin Allgaier to grab his fourth win of the season. Heading up north to Watkins Glen, Keselowski dominated the race, but Carl Edwards, making a one-off appearance, passed Keselowski with 10 to go and held on for his first win of the season. The series headed north of the border for its final road course race at Montreal. Jacques Villeneuve dominated the race, but was forced to conserve fuel over two green-white-checkered finishes. On the second attempt, Justin Allgaier pulled a bump and run on Villeneuve on the final lap to take his first win of the year.
Action resumed at the newly reconfigured Bristol. Harvick led the race for 98 laps, seeking the No. 33 team's first win of the year. However, he ran out of fuel during a caution on lap 238, handing the lead to Joey Logano. Logano would then hold off Stenhouse for the victory. At Atlanta, Harvick dominated the race, leading 157 laps. However, a late caution for a crash by Mike Bliss, Buescher, and Kyle Fowler bunched up the field. On the ensuing restart, Stenhouse made a last lap pass on Harvick to take the win. The following week at Richmond, Harvick would make up for the losses and dominated the race, leading 141 laps en route to his first win of the season. Returning to Chicagoland, Stenhouse rallied from an incorrect adjustment on the final pit stop to pass Kyle Busch with 20 to go to take his fifth win of the season as well as the points lead. At Kentucky, polesitter Austin Dillon took advantage of a fast final pitstop to get in front of the field, holding off Hornish to sweep the Kentucky races and put himself back in the championship hunt.
The series returned to Dover, where Logano once again dominated the race, leading 184 of 200 laps en route to his 7th win of the year and the season sweep at the "Monster Mile". Returning to Charlotte, the race was dominated by Cup regulars Keselowski, Logano, and Harvick. The final 30 laps were a fuel mileage race, where Logano, who pitted with 14 to go, retook the lead with 6 to go, rolling to his series high 8th win of the season. At a repaved Kansas, Stenhouse rallied from 2 laps down as well as mid-race contact with Logano to beat Kyle Busch on a green-white-checkered restart to grab his sixth win of the year. At the penultimate race in Phoenix, Logano dominated the race, holding off teammate Brian Vickers on a green-white-checkered finish to score his 9th win of the season while Stenhouse extended his points lead after Sadler crashed late in the race. At the season finale at Homestead, Regan Smith held off a dominant Kyle Busch to score his first Nationwide victory, while Stenhouse finished off his Nationwide Series career with a 6th-place finish and a second consecutive Championship.
Results and standings
Races
Drivers' standings
(key) Bold - Pole position awarded by time. Italics - Pole position set by final practice results or rainout. * – Most laps led.
1 – Post entry, driver and owner did not score points.
2 – Timmy Hill was originally registered for Sprint Cup points, but switched to Nationwide at Texas.
3 – Ricky Stenhouse Jr. was awarded the pole after Austin Dillon failed inspection.
4 – Chris Cook was originally registered for Sprint Cup points, but switched to Nationwide at Montreal.
5 – Ryan Blaney was originally registered for Nationwide points, but switched to the Trucks at Atlanta.
Manufacturer
See also
2012 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series
2012 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series
2012 NASCAR K&N Pro Series East
2012 ARCA Racing Series
2012 NASCAR Canadian Tire Series
2012 NASCAR Toyota Series
2012 NASCAR Stock V6 Series
2012 Racecar Euro Series
References
NASCAR Xfinity Series seasons |
Cockneys vs Zombies is a 2012 British zombie action comedy film directed by Matthias Hoene and written by James Moran and Lucas Roche. The plot centres on a group of Cockneys who arm themselves to rescue their grandfather and his friends from their retirement home as a zombie apocalypse takes place in the East End of London.
Plot
In a building site being developed by Hartman Construction in the East End of London, two builders discover a 17th-century catacomb, sealed by order of Charles II. Instead of calling the police, they enter to search for treasure and are bitten by zombies, setting off a zombie outbreak in the area.
Elsewhere, Terry MacGuire and his younger brother Andy have planned a bank robbery so they can save their grandfather Ray's retirement home from being demolished. They recruit their cousin Katy, hopeless Davey Tuppence, and "Mental" Mickey, an unstable Iraq War veteran who has a metal plate in his forehead, and gather a large supply of weapons. During the robbery, the group find they have crashed an embezzlement deal between the bank manager and the head of Hartman Construction. Expecting to find a few hundred grand, they find themselves staring at 2.5 million pounds in cash. The bank manager had thought they were from Hartman due to their costumes, but quickly realises otherwise and presses an emergency button to summon the police. With the bank surrounded, Mickey takes charge of the escape plan and takes bank workers Emma and Clive hostage. However, upon attempting to leave the bank, the group find that the police have been killed by a growing horde of zombies. They escape in their van with the cash from the vault.
Meanwhile, at the retirement home, the zombies attack the residents. Ray and residents Peggy, former gangster Daryl, Doreen and Eric take refuge in the kitchen; Ray also rescues a resident named Hamish and gets him inside.
The MacGuires, Katy, Mickey, Davey and their hostages drive through a devastated East End until they reach their safe-house, where they stowed their car earlier. Mickey is bitten by a zombie, and the group finds out from the radio about the extent of the epidemic but don't know what to do with themselves. Emma pleads with Mickey and Davey to let her and Clive go, saying she does not care about their 'selfish' plans, and Katy tells her they are not robbing the bank for themselves, but to save the retirement home.
Mickey, growing more irrational and tired of the friendliness of his fellow bank robbers, decides to leave and takes Emma and Clive with him to a side room where he ties them up, and sits down to rest. Soon after, Mickey dies and turns into a zombie due to his previous bite wound. Realising shooting him in the head cannot kill Mickey due to the metal plate in his skull, Terry destroys him with a hand-grenade he confiscated earlier, shoving it into Mickey's mouth. In the subsequent confusion, Clive picks up Mickey's gun and insists on handing the group over to the police. However, he is promptly attacked and eaten by zombies who sneak up behind him while his attention is distracted, and reflexively shoots Davey dead by accident in the process.
The group pack the money and themselves into Terry's waiting car, intending to travel to the retirement home, but on the way they stop to look for Emma's younger sister. Terry and Emma find her as a zombie, but Emma decides not to kill her in case a cure is found. They set off again, deciding to arm themselves from Mickey's gun cache. However, the group realise that the car is inadequate for ferrying the pensioners, so Katy hot-wires a traditional red London double-decker bus.
Arriving at the care home, they manage to break the zombie siege and rescue Ray and the other surviving residents. They all escape aboard the bus, but it breaks down before it can reach safety and the group are forced to abandon it. Realising that they are close to the river, they head off to find a boat. Making their way to a mooring they find a boat, and Peggy finds the keys, but they realise as they try to pull away that it is still chained up. Ray decides to sacrifice himself to save the others, but he still manages to survive and joins the rest on the boat as they make their final escape. On the river, the group wonder what will happen next; Ray tells them they can take East London back for themselves.
Cast
Cockneys vs Zombies is Richard Briers's final acting credit as he died the following year, and the final film appearance of Honor Blackman who died on 5 April 2020.
Production and release
Director, Matthias Hoene and writer James Moran originally approached Alan Ford to play the character of Ray because "whoever this person is, he needed to symbolise what a cockney is -- he needed to be as cockney as you can be." After reading the script Ford had joked that he felt like the script had been written for him, and accepted the role because "It's an exciting action hero role. He's got a big, heroic arc in this film."
The film premiered at the 2012 London FrightFest Film Festival. It was released on Blu-ray and DVD on 3 September 2013 by Shout Factory! as part of their Scream Factory line up. It has a 20-minute behind-the-scenes featurette, a video to teach the extras how to act like a zombie, and the trailer.
Reception
The film was received mostly positively by critics. , it holds a Rotten Tomatoes rating of 76%, based on 50 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "If you're interested in watching a battle between cockneys and zombies, this is the movie for you."
References
External links
2012 comedy horror films
2010s crime comedy films
2010s heist films
2010s monster movies
British crime comedy films
Crime horror films
British heist films
British zombie comedy films
Films about brothers
Films set in London
British splatter films
2012 films
Films about veterans
2010s English-language films
2010s British films |
Peter Bridgmont (January 1929 - 24 June 2019) was an English actor, acting professor and author who has had an extensive career on stage, film, and television spanning over 60 years. Bridgmont, who is a Guildhall School of Music and Drama graduate, was mostly known as one of the former members of the Theatre Workshop and one of the original cast members of the very first West End production of Agatha Christie's The Mousetrap opening in 1952 at the Ambassadors Theatre which went on to become the world's longest running stage production. On screen, he notably appeared in The Great War (1964) narrated by Michael Redgrave and the British television drama series Z-Cars (1962–1978) directed by Christopher Morahan (CBE, 1929–2017). He founded the Chrysalis Theatre Acting School in London in 1975 and has long taught 'voice' and 'gesture' at the Shakespeare's Globe.
Early life
Bridgmont grew up among actors, singers, dancers and clowns. His father Leslie Bridgmont was a pianist for the silent movies, his mother was a cellist and both also worked for the BBC where Leslie Bridgmont produced 4 episodes of The Goon Show. Bridgmont used to attend his parents' pantomimes as a child including one during which English musical theatre and operettas actress Jean Colin (28 years old at the time; 24 March 1905 – 7 March 1989) ironically promised him that she would marry him. He was educated at the Wynstones School, a Steiner Waldorf school in Gloucestershire, in the Cotswolds. Peter went on to compete in order to win a Gold Cup at the Cheltenham Festivals as he was completing school. Bridgmont came second but the then festival director, Mr Robin arranged for Peter to go to the Guildhall School of Music & Drama in London, which he did.
Career
Bridgmont starred alongside Baron Richard Attenborough (CBE, 1923– 2014) in the first West End production of Agatha Christie's The Mousetrap opening in 1952 at the Ambassadors Theatre, which went on to become the world's longest running stage production. Bridgmont met his wife Barbara Brown (Bridgmont) while they were both former company members at the Theatre Workshop whose long-serving director was Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts graduate Joan Littlewood (1914–2002) and fellow members included Richard Harris (1930–2002), Nigel Hawthorne (CBE; 1929–2001), George Sewell (1924–2007), David Scase (1919–2003), Victor Spinetti (1929–2012), John Thaw (CBE, 1942–2002), Barbara Windsor (DBE, 1937–2020), Yootha Joyce (1927–1980), Sheila Hancock (CBE,1933–), Dudley Foster (1924–1973), Marjie Lawrence (1932–2010), Stephen Lewis (1926–2015), Ewan MacColl (1915–1989), Murray Melvin (1932–), Frank Norman (1930–1980), John Junkin (1930–2006), Roy Kinnear (1934–1988), Diana Coupland (1928–2006), Shelagh Delaney (1938–2011), Glynn Edwards (1931–2018) and Howard Goorney (1921–2007). Many Theatre Workshop productions were transferred to theatres in the West End and some such as Oh, What a Lovely War! and A Taste of Honey, were made into films. Peter was introduced to and worked with one of the pioneers of modern dance in Europe, Rudolf von Laban (Hungarian: Rezső Lábán de Váraljas; 1879-1958) through his Laban Movement Analysis, Labanotation (Kinetography) and Laban Movement Study. The couple relocated to Vence (Occitan: Vença) in the hills of the Alpes Maritimes department in the French Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region between Nice and Antibes, formed their own Mime Company and collaborated with modernist theatre practitioner, director and scenic designer Edward Gordon Craig (CH OBE 1872–1966), the son of actress Dame Ellen Terry (GBE, 1847–1928). After three years of touring they came back to the United Kingdom.
The Boundary Theatre Group
Peter and Barbara modelled their new company on the Theatre Workshop of Joan Littlewood in October 1961 The eight actors in the group were Peter Bridgmont, Barbara Rowen (Bridgmont), Margaret Freeman, Paul Piercy, Carol Robby, Gillian Cater, David Scobie and Beryl Swinscoe. For their first production they chose three one act plays: The Flageolet by Maurice Sands, Ruzzante Returns by Angelo Beolco and The Interior by Maurice Maeterlink. The performances took place in a converted Spiritualist building which the group converted with 50 salvaged seats from the old Haymarket cinema. The Group performed many live improvised shows as well as plays in their own theatre in South London and around England at Festivals and colleges. Their repertoire included Antigone by Sophocles. Now called The Boundary Theatre Company, Antigone was performed at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art LAMDA Theatre in 1966. The cast included Barbara Rowen as Antigone, Peter Bridgmont as Creon, Gillian Cater as Ismene and Paul Piercy as Haemon and the Guard, the set designer was Tony Leah.
Chrysalis Theatre Acting School
The couple studied the formation of the art of dramatic speech and gesture created by Austrian philosopher, social reformer, architect and esotericist Rudolf Steiner (1861–1925). They started the Boundaries Theatre Company which became their own drama school in 1975, the Chrysalis Theatre Acting School in the same London building they had bought in Balham. The theatre' venue had been used by the Spiritualist Association of Great Britain until then. The students who came from all over the world such as Japan or certain African countries included Spanish actress Luz Altamira or Sir Mark Rylance. The school lasted for thirty years. In the 1990s both of them gave training in voice and gesture to the professional company of the Shakespeare's Globe. Peter also gave courses in both the United States and throughout Europe during the same period.
La Crisálida
Bridgmont supported the La Crisálida Studio, the first school focused on the 'Art of Speech' in Spain, founded by his pupils speech artist Luz Altamira and Goya Awards-nominated thespian Álvaro Ramos as well as actress and author Pilar Altamira member of the 'Anthroposophical Society of Spain'. This place also hosted seminars and conferences that Peter Bridgmont regularly offered between 1997 and 2003.
Non-exhaustive bibliography
The Spear Thrower (javelin thrower), a Textbook of Ideas and Exercises for the Actor (1983) by Peter Bridgmont (ASIN: B000O8RJIY)
The Liberation of The Actor (1992) by Peter Bridgmont ().
Quotes
English actor, theatre director and playwright Sir David Mark Rylance Waters (born 18 January 1960) who long collaborated with Bridgmont declared:
"Peter and Barbara Bridgmont made a profound difference to my persona as an actor with their teaching about voice and speech. I use the word 'persona' carefully, as they taught me how to move with sound, through sound, persona. In our visual-material age, sound is the great undiscovered or forgotten land for actors and audiences. Reason and Emotion are all very well in speech, much needed, but with Peter and Barbara I learnt of the limbs of speech, the feet, the legs, the arms, the great will and beautiful spirit to move with speech. Just as a marvellous javelin thrower wills his spear down the pitch to the winning distance and harnesses every muscle necessary in perfect balance to achieve his aim, so, when appropriate, we speak in space and silence. It was a lucky day for me when I met them; they know some great secrets and forgotten pathways."
"Readers who are interested in the Art of Drama may also wish to refer to The Liberation of The Actor (1992) by Peter Bridgmont"
British Film Institute Archives
A répertoire of Bridgmont's voice work for the year 1966 is available at the British Film Institute archives as follows:
1966: The Sword Must Be Kept Sharp also featuring Michael Redgrave.
1966: What Did Greece Matter? also featuring Michael Redgrave and Felix Felton.
1966: It Will Proceed to the End also featuring Michael Redgrave and Felix Felton.
1966: One Perplexity after Another also featuring Michael Redgrave and Felix Felton.
1966: We Are on the Edge of a Precipice also featuring Michael Redgrave and Anton Diffring.
1966: Not a Penny off the Pay also featuring Michael Redgrave and David Bauer.
1966: It Has Advanced the Footlights also featuring Michael Redgrave and Anton Diffring.
1966: Your Death Knell Has Sounded also featuring Michael Redgrave and Anton Diffring.
1966: War Is Re-enthroned also featuring Michael Redgrave and Anton Diffring.
1966: We Neither Govern Not Misgovern also featuring Michael Redgrave and David Bauer.
1966: The Popular Masses Are Dull also featuring Michael Redgrave and Anton Diffring.
1966: Germany Is Reawakening also featuring Michael Redgrave and Anton Diffring.
1966: There Lies a Sleeping Giant also featuring Michael Redgrave and Anton Diffring.
1966: Who Can Conquer the Street... also featuring Michael Redgrave and Felix Felton.
1966: On the Idle Hill of Summer also featuring Michael Redgrave and Felix Felton.
1966: Make Room for Peace also featuring Michael Redgrave and Felix Felton.
1966: There Is a Great Tide Turning also featuring Michael Redgrave and Anton Diffring.
1966: This Is Such a Time also featuring Michael Redgrave and David Bauer.
1966: Boys You Have Been Betrayed also featuring Michael Redgrave and Felix Felton.
1966: Now I Can Die also featuring Michael Redgrave and David Bauer.
1966: Long Live the War also featuring Michael Redgrave and Felix Felton.
1966: What Hand Would Not Wither also featuring Michael Redgrave, Robert Ayres and David Bauer.
Honours
The documentary on Peter and Barbara directed by Spanish actor and director Álvaro Ramos which was eponymously titled The Chrysalis (2009) won the Best Documentary award at the High Desert International Film Festival in Nevada, United States.
Personal life
Peter had three sons with Barbara: Richard, Nicolas and Andrew Bridgmont who is also an accomplished actor himself who notably starred in Matthew Vaughn's Kingsman: The Secret Service (2014), James Marsh's The Theory of Everything (2014) or Penny Dreadful (2014–2016).
Sources
External links
Bridgmont's official website.
20th-century English male actors
English male dramatists and playwrights
English male film actors
English male Shakespearean actors
English male stage actors
English male television actors
English theatre directors
Royal Shakespeare Company members
People associated with the Guildhall School of Music and Drama
1929 births
2019 deaths |
This is a list of commissions of inquiry in Queensland.
Royal Commission on the management of the Woogaroo Lunatic Asylum and the Lunatic Reception Houses of the Colony (1877)
Royal Commission into the Constitution, Administration and Working of the Criminal Investigation Branch of the Police Force of Queensland (1899)
Royal Commission of Inquiry on Licensing and Liquor Laws (1901)
Royal Commission into the Kedron Park Racecourse (1921)
Royal Commission of Inquiry into Collinsville State Coal Mine (1923)
Royal Commission on Racing and Racecourses (1930)
Commission of Inquiry into the Escape of Certain Prisoners from HM Prison, Brisbane (1947)
Commission of Inquiry into the Sawmilling Industry, the Industry of the Manufacture of Plywood and the Industry of the Manufacture of Joinery in the State of Queensland (1949)
Royal Commission into Allegations of Corruption relating to dealing with certain Crown Leaseholds in Queensland (1956)
Commission of Inquiry into the Farm Home for Boys, Westbrook (1961)
Royal Commission Appointed to Inquire into and Report on Certain Matters Relating to Members of the Police Force and the National Hotel (1963)
Herberton Hospital Inquiry (1963)
Committee of Inquiry into Matters Concerning The Valuation of Lands In Queensland (1966)
Commission Of Inquiry Into Circumstances Surrounding Certain Matters Relating To Robert Andrew Somerville (1972)
Commission of Inquiry into the Status of Women in Queensland (1974)
Royal Commission of Inquiry into Drug Trafficking (1981)
Fitzgerald Inquiry (1987–1989)
Parliamentary Judges Commission of Inquiry (1988–1989)
Commission of Inquiry into the Care and Treatment of Patients in the Psychiatric Unit of the Townsville General Hospital (1991)
Commission of Inquiry into Operation Trident (1993)
Forde Inquiry (1999)
Racing Industry Review Panel (2004)
Queensland Public Hospitals Commission of Inquiry (2005)
Queensland Fuel Subsidy Commission of Inquiry (2007)
Queensland Floods Commission of Inquiry (2011)
Queensland Child Protection Commission of Inquiry (2012–2013)
Queensland Health Payroll System Commission of Inquiry (2013)
Queensland Racing Commission of Inquiry (2013–2014)
Queensland Organised Crime Commission of Inquiry (2015)
Grantham Floods Commission of Inquiry (2015)
Barrett Adolescent Centre Commission of Inquiry (2015–2016)
Queensland Rail Train Crewing Practices Commission of Inquiry (2016–2017)
References
Queensland
Commissions of inquiry |
Cranberry Lake is a lake in the city of Kawartha Lakes, Ontario, Canada.
See also
List of lakes in Ontario
References
National Resources Canada
Lakes of Kawartha Lakes |
Russkoye Ursayevo (; , Urıś Ursayı) is a rural locality (a selo) in Yenebey-Ursayevsky Selsoviet, Miyakinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 28 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.
Geography
Russkoye Ursayevo is located 23 km west of Kirgiz-Miyaki (the district's administrative centre) by road. Chiryashtamak is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Miyakinsky District |
The fleet of flexible-fuel vehicles in the United States is the second largest in the world after Brazil, and there were more than 21 million 85 flex-fuel vehicles registered in the country by the end of 2017. Despite the growing fleet of E85 flex-fuel vehicles, actual use of ethanol fuel is limited due to the lack of E85 refueling infrastructure and also because many North American flex-fuel car owners were not aware they owned an E85 flex-fuel vehicle. Flex-fuel vehicles are common in the Midwest, where corn is a major crop and is the primary feedstock for ethanol fuel production. Also the U.S. government has been using flex-fuel vehicles for many years.
U.S. flex-fuel vehicles are optimized to run on a maximum blend of 15% gasoline with 85% anhydrous ethanol (called E85 fuel). This limit in the ethanol content is set to reduce ethanol emissions at low temperatures and to avoid cold starting problems during cold weather, at temperatures lower than . The alcohol content is reduced during the winter in regions where temperatures fall below to a winter blend of E70.
History
The first commercial flexible fuel vehicle was the Ford Model T, produced from 1908 through 1927. It was fitted with a carburetor with adjustable jetting, allowing use of gasoline or ethanol, or a combination of both. Other car manufactures also provided engines for ethanol fuel use. Ethanol was disadvantaged by frequent accusations that ethanol producers collaborated with bootleggers during Prohibition. Oil dominance as a motor fuel was questioned in the U.S. only after the 1973 oil crisis, which resulted in gasoline shortages and awareness on the dangers of oil dependence. This crisis opened a new opportunity for ethanol, methanol and other alternative fuels.
As a response to the shock caused by the first oil crisis, the U.S. government provided the initial support to develop alternative fuels, and some time later, also as a goal to improve air quality. Liquid fuels were preferred over gaseous fuels not only because they have a better volumetric energy density but also because they were the most compatible fuels with existing distribution systems and engines, thus avoiding a big departure from the existing technologies and taking advantage of the vehicle and the refueling infrastructure. California led the search of sustainable alternatives with interest focused in methanol. Ford Motor Company and other automakers responded to California's request for vehicles that run on methanol. In 1981, Ford delivered 40 dedicated methanol fuel (M100) Escorts to Los Angeles County, but only four refueling stations were installed. The biggest challenge in the development of alcohol vehicle technology was getting all of the fuel system materials compatible with the higher chemical reactivity of the fuel. Methanol was even more of a challenge than ethanol but much of the early experience gained with neat ethanol vehicle production in Brazil was transferable to methanol. The success of this small experimental fleet of M100s led California to request more of these vehicles, mainly for government fleets. In 1983, Ford built 582 M100 vehicles; 501 went to California, and the remaining to New Zealand, Sweden, Norway, United Kingdom, and Canada.
As an answer to the lack of refueling infrastructure, Ford began development of a flexible-fuel vehicle in 1982, and between 1985 and 1992, 705 experimental FFVs were built and delivered to California and Canada, including the 1.6L Ford Escort, the 3.0L Taurus, and the 5.0L LTD Crown Victoria. These vehicles could operate on either gasoline or methanol with only one fuel system. Legislation was passed to encourage the US auto industry to begin production, which started in 1993 for the M85 FFVs at Ford. In 1996, a new FFV Ford Taurus was developed, with models fully capable of running on either methanol or ethanol blended with gasoline. This ethanol version of the Taurus became the first commercial production of an E85 FFV. The momentum of the FFV production programs at the American car companies continued, although by the end of the 1990s, the emphasis shifted to the FFV E85 version, as it is today. Ethanol was preferred over methanol because there is a large support from the farming community, and thanks to the government's incentive programs and corn-based ethanol subsidies. Support for ethanol also comes from the fact that it is a biomass fuel, which addresses climate change concerns and greenhouse gas emissions, though nowadays these benefits are questioned and depend on the feedstock used for ethanol production and their indirect land use change impacts.
Technology and production
, there were more than 21 million E85 flex-fuel vehicles in the United States, up from about 11 million flex-fuel cars and light trucks in operation as of early 2013. The number of flex-fuel vehicles on U.S roads increased from 1.4 million in 2001, to 4.1 million in 2005, and rose to 7.3 million in 2008.
E85 flex-fuel vehicles are becoming increasingly common in the Midwest, where corn is a major crop and is the primary feedstock for ethanol fuel production. Also the US government has been using flex-fuel vehicles for many years. Since 2008 almost any type of automobile and light duty vehicles is available in the market with the flex-fuel option, including sedans, vans, SUVs and pick-up trucks. For the 2011 model year there are about 70 vehicles E85 capable.
The E85 blend is used in gasoline engines modified to accept such higher concentrations of ethanol, and the fuel injection is regulated through a dedicated sensor, which automatically detects the amount of ethanol in the fuel, allowing to adjust both fuel injection and spark timing accordingly to the actual blend available in the vehicle's tank.
The American E85 flex fuel vehicle was developed to run on any mixture of unleaded gasoline and ethanol, anywhere from 0% to 85% ethanol by volume. Both fuels are mixed in the same tank, and E85 is sold already blended. In order to reduce ethanol evaporative emissions and to avoid problems starting the engine during cold weather, the maximum blend of ethanol was set to 85%. There is also a seasonal reduction of the ethanol content to E70 (called winter E85 blend) in very cold regions, where temperatures fall below during the winter. In Wyoming for example, E70 is sold as E85 from October to May.
Fuel economy
Because ethanol contains close to 34% less energy per unit volume than gasoline, E85 FFVs have a lower mileage per gallon than gasoline. However, this lower energy content does not translate directly into a 34% reduction in miles per U.S. gallon, because there are many other variables that affect the performance of a particular fuel in a particular engine, though for E85 the effect becomes significant. E85 will produce lower mileage than gasoline, and actual performance may vary depending on the vehicle. Based on EPA EPA-rated mileage for all 2006 E85 models, the average fuel economy for E85 vehicles was 25.56% lower than unleaded gasoline. When making price comparisons it has to be considered that E85 has octane rating of about 104 and could be used as a substitute for premium gasoline.
Regional retail E85 prices vary widely across the US, with more favorable prices in the Midwest region, where most corn is grown and ethanol produced. As of early November 2010, the US average spread between the price of E85 and gasoline was 13.4%, while in Indiana was 10.1%, in Minnesota 20.3%, 18.3% in Wisconsin, just 2% in Maryland, 16.3% in California, and 7% in Utah. Depending on the vehicle capabilities, the break even price of E85 has to be between 25 and 30% lower than gasoline. (See price comparisons for most states at e85prices.com)
For the 2011 model year many of the models available are trucks and sport-utility vehicles that get less than when filled with gasoline. The following table compares fuel economy, carbon footprint, and petroleum consumption for several popular gasoline-powered vehicles and their flex-fuel versions:
Pollution
The demand for ethanol fuel produced from field corn in the United States was stimulated by the discovery in the late 90s that methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), an oxygenate additive in gasoline, was contaminating groundwater. Due to the risks of widespread and costly litigation, and because MTBE use in gasoline was banned in almost 20 states by 2006, the substitution of MTBE opened a new market for ethanol fuel. This shift also contributed to a sharp increase in the production and sale of E85 flex vehicles since 2002. Ethanol also replaces toxic, air-polluting substances such as benzene, toluene, and xylene. Numerous states require certain ethanol blends to reduce air pollution. Ethanol produces about 34% less air pollution than gasoline on average.
As of 2016, ethanol blends in the U.S. reduce emissions of carbon dioxide by about 40 million tons per year. During its entire life cycle, "from field to wheel," ethanol reduces emissions by about 34 percent. Second-generation cellulosic ethanol is even more efficient. A plant built by DuPont in Iowa achieves emission reductions of 90%.
Barriers to adoption
A 2005 survey found that 68% of American flex-fuel car owners were not aware they owned an E85 flex. This is due to the fact that the exterior of flex and non-flex vehicles look exactly the same; there is no sale price difference between them; the lack of consumer's awareness about E85s; and also the initial decision of American automakers of not putting any kind of exterior labeling, so buyers can be aware they are getting an E85 vehicle. In contrast, all Brazilian automakers clearly mark FFVs with badging or a high quality sticker in the exterior body, with a logo with some variant of the word Flex. Since 2006 many new FFV models in the US feature a bright yellow gas cap to remind drivers of the E85 capabilities. GM is also using badging with the text "Flexfuel/E85 Ethanol" to clearly mark the car as an E85 FFV, and Ford early flex-fuel models had a small decal reading "FFV" and the "leaf and road" logo, and later introduced badging keeping the "leaf and road" logo but changed the text to "Flex Fuel".
, there were more than 21 million E85 flex-fuel vehicles in the United States, however, according to the U.S. Department of Energy, only 862,837 flex-fuel fleet-operated vehicles were regularly fueled with E85 in 2011 in 2011. The Energy Policy Act of 2005, signed into law by President Bush on 8 August 2005, in its Section 701 requires the federal government's fleet of vehicles capable of operating on alternative fuels to be operated on these fuels exclusively, unless a waiver is granted if the alternative fuel is not reasonably available; or if the cost of the fuel required is unreasonably more expensive compared to gasoline. By 2008 the Federal vehicle fleet consisted of 594,900 vehicles, of which 128,491 run on E85, representing the majority of the alternative fuel vehicles in the Federal fleet that year. According to the Government Accountability Office, in 2010 Federal employees received waivers to use gasoline in 55 percent of fleet flex-fuel vehicles because E85 was not available.
Some critics have argued that American automakers have been producing E85 flex models motivated by a loophole in the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) requirements, that allows for a fuel economy credit for every flex-fuel vehicle sold, whether or not in practice these vehicles are fueled with E85. This loophole might allow the car industry to meet the CAFE targets in fuel economy just by spending between to that it cost to turn a conventional vehicle into a flex-fuel, without investing in new technology to improve fuel economy, and saving them the potential fines for not achieving that standard in a given model year. In an example presented by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), the agency responsible for establishing the CAFE standards, the special treatment provided for alternative fuel vehicles, "turns a dual fuel vehicle that averages 25 mpg on gasoline or diesel... to attain the 40 mpg value for CAFE purposes." The current CAFE standards are 27.5 mpg for automobiles and 22.2 mpg for light-duty trucks."
In late 2007, CAFE standards received their first overhaul in more than 30 years through the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA), and were set to rise to 35 mpg by the year 2020. However, in May 2009 the Obama Administration announced a new harmonized national policy that will require an average fuel economy standard of 35.5 mpg in 2016. The flex-fuel CAFE credits are scheduled to end in 2016, but because the 2007 EISA made CAFE credits exchangeable between different classes of automobiles and tradable between companies, and also carmakers are allowed to carry over credits for up to five years, the flex-fuel credits accumulated up to 2016 can be carried over and traded until 2020. The CAFE standards proposed in 2011 for the period 2017-2025 will allow flexible-fuel vehicles to receive extra credit but only when the carmakers present data proving how much E85 such vehicles have actually consumed.
A major restriction hampering sales of E85 flex vehicles or fuelling with E85, is the limited infrastructure available to sell E85 to the public, as by 2014 only 2 percent of motor fuel stations offered E85, up from about 1 percent in 2011. , there were only 3,218 gasoline fueling stations selling E85 to the public in the entire U.S., while about 156,000 retail motor fuel outlets do not offer the E85 blend. The number of E85 grew from 1,229 in 2007 to 2,442 in 2011, but only increased by 7% from 2011 to 2013, when the total reached 2,625. There is a great concentration of E85 stations in the Corn Belt states, and , the leading state is Minnesota with 274 stations, followed by Michigan with 231, Illinois with 225, Iowa with 204, Indiana with 188, Texas with 181, Wisconsin with 152, and Ohio with 126. Only eight states do not have E85 available to the public, Alaska, Delaware, Hawaii, Montana, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. The main constraint for a more rapid expansion of E85 availability is that it requires dedicated storage tanks at filling stations, at an estimated cost of for each dedicated ethanol tank.
Latest developments
Several members of the United States Congress have called for mandatory production of flexible fuel vehicles. Also the E85 and Biodiesel Access Act proposed to modify current IRS limits on the tax credit which today only allows for the amount a dual fuel dispenser exceeds the cost of a conventional dispenser. The E85 and Biodiesel Access Act would increase the credit from 30 percent of the cost of clean fueling property to 50 percent and increase the maximum credit to $100,000. This law would also extend the existing credit which is scheduled to expire at the end of 2009.
In 2008 Chrysler, General Motors, and Ford pledged to manufacture 50 percent of their entire vehicle line as flexible fuel in model year 2012, if enough fueling infrastructure develops. In early 2010 GM reaffirmed its commitment to biofuels and its determination to deliver more than half of its 2012 production in the U.S. market as E85 flex-fuel capable vehicles. GM will begin introducing E-85-capable direct-injected and turbocharged powertrains, and urged the deployment of more E85 stations, as "ninety percent of registered flex-fuel vehicles don't have an E85 station in their ZIP code, and nearly 50%, don't have E85 in their county."
In 2008 Ford delivered the first flex-fuel plug-in hybrid as part of a demonstration project, a Ford EscapePlug-in Hybrid capable of running on E85 or gasoline. General Motors announced that the new plug-in hybrid electric vehicle Chevrolet Volt, launched in the United States market in December 2010, would be flex-fuel-capable in 2013. The Volt propulsion architecture allows to adapt the propulsion to other world markets such as Brazil's E100 or to Europes commonly use clean diesel.
In May 2009, President Barack Obama signed a Presidential Directive with the aim to advance biofuels research and improve their commercialization. The Directive established a Biofuels Interagency Working Group composed of three agencies, the Department of Agriculture, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Department of Energy. This group will develop a plan to increase flexible fuel vehicle use and assist in retail marketing efforts. Also they will coordinate infrastructure policies impacting the supply, secure transport, and distribution of biofuels in order to increase the number of fueling stations throughout the country.
The Obama Administration set the goal of installing 10,000 blender pumps nationwide until 2015. Blender or flexible fuel pumps simultaneously dispense E85 and other lower blends such as E50, E30 and E20 that can be used by E85 flex-fuel vehicles. In April 2011 the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) issue a rule to include flexible fuel pumps in the Rural Energy for America Program (REAP). This rule will provide financial assistance, via grants and guaranteed loans, to fuel station owners to install E85 and blender pumps.
In May 2011 the Open Fuel Standard Act (OFS) was introduced to Congress with bipartisan support. The bill requires that 50 percent of automobiles made in 2014, 80 percent in 2016, and 95 percent in 2017, would be manufactured and warranted to operate on non-petroleum-based fuels, which includes existing technologies such as flex-fuel, natural gas, hydrogen, biodiesel, plug-in electric and fuel cell. Considering the rapid adoption experience with flexible-fuel vehicles in Brazil and the fact that by 2010 the cost of making vehicles flex-fuel capable is approximately $100 per car, the bill's primarily objective was to promote a massive adoption of flex-fuel vehicles capable of running on ethanol or methanol."
, almost half of new vehicles produced by Chrysler, Ford, and General Motors are flex-fuel, meaning roughly one-quarter of all new vehicles sold by 2015 are capable of using up to E85. However, obstacles to widespread use of E85 fuel remain. A 2014 analysis by the Renewable Fuels Association (RFA) found that oil companies prevent or discourage affiliated retailers from selling E85 through rigid franchise and branding agreements, restrictive supply contracts, and other tactics. The report showed independent retailers are five times more likely to offer E85 than retailers carrying an oil company brand.
List of currently produced flexible-fuel vehicles
Audi
Chrysler Corporation
Ford Motor Company
General Motors
Jaguar Land Rover
Mazda Motor Corporation
Mercedes-Benz
Nissan Motor
Toyota
See also
Alternative fuel vehicle
Butanol fuel
Ethanol fuel in the United States
Flexible-fuel vehicles in Brazil
Green vehicle
Hybrid electric vehicles in the United States
List of flexible-fuel vehicles by car manufacturer
Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States
References
External links
2013 VehicleTechnologies Market Report, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Clean Cities - 2014 Vehicle Buyer's Guide, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), U.S. Department of Energy, December 2013.
E85 flex-fuel station finder
Complete list of flexible-fuel vehicles 2014 models and older, Alternative Fuel Data Center, U.S. Department of Energy's Clean Cities program.
Flex-Fuel Bait and Switch - See how many flex-fuel cars are on the road and how many stations offer E85 in the US.
Flexible Fuel Vehicles, U.S. Department of Energy.
Fuel economy comparison among 2014 E85 Vehicles available in the U.S. - (fueleconomy.gov) - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy.
Model Year 2014 Fuel Economy Guide, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy, August 2014 (see pp. 39–43 for all E85 flex-fuel models available).
Flexible-fuel vehicles
Ethanol fuel |
Bayan Qulï (died 1358) was khan of the Chagatai Khanate from 1348 to 1358 and a grandson of Duwa.
In 1348 Bayan Qulï was raised to the position of khan by the ruler of the Qara'unas, Amir Qazaghan, who had effectively taken control of the Chagatai ulus in 1346. For the next decade he remained Qazaghan's puppet, exercising little real authority. In 1358 Qazaghan was assassinated and succeeded by his son ‘Abdullah. Not long after his ascension, ‘Abdullah had Bayan Qulï killed and selected a new puppet, Shah Temur, to succeed him. Bayan Qulï’s death was used as a pretext by ‘Abdullah’s enemies to bring about his downfall that same year.
The Mongols, prior to the conquest of Ma wara'u'n-nahr and Semirechye, were primarily shamanistic. However, in the 14th century many of those in Central Asia converted to Islam. Bayan-Quli Khan was a Muslim and a faithful stalwart of a Khorasani sheikh, Saif ed-Din Boharsi. Therefore, he was buried opposite the sheikh's grave. The mausoleum rises above the Bayan-Quli Khan grave since 1358.
The dinars, coined in Shahrisabz in 1357 (758), became a good evidence of Bayan Quli's piousness, because of saying, engraved on them: "Bayan-Quli-bahadur Khan is the greatest sultan. May Allah prolong his reign".
References
Manz, Beatrice Forbes, The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge University Press, 1989, .
See also
Saif ed-Din Bokharzi & Bayan-Quli Khan Mausoleums
1358 deaths
Chagatai khans
14th-century Mongol khans
Year of birth unknown |
```xml
import type { AssetPathResolver } from "@Core/AssetPathResolver";
import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
import { MacOsTrayIconFilePathResolver } from "./MacOsTrayIconFilePathResolver";
describe(MacOsTrayIconFilePathResolver, () => {
describe(MacOsTrayIconFilePathResolver.prototype.resolve, () => {
it("should return file path to 'ueliTemplate.png'", () => {
const getModuleAssetPathMock = vi.fn().mockReturnValue("assetPath");
const assetPathResolver = <AssetPathResolver>{ getModuleAssetPath: (m, f) => getModuleAssetPathMock(m, f) };
expect(new MacOsTrayIconFilePathResolver(assetPathResolver).resolve()).toBe("assetPath");
expect(getModuleAssetPathMock).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
expect(getModuleAssetPathMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith("TrayIcon", "ueliTemplate.png");
});
});
});
``` |
Club FM may refer to:
Club FM, Tirana, a radio station in Tirana, Albania
Club FM 94.3, a radio station in Kerala, India
ClubFM, a Belgian radio station, successor to the Flemish version of Radio Contact |
Robert Markovac (born 21 June 1967) is a retired Australian soccer player who played as a midfielder.
External links
1967 births
Living people
Australian people of Croatian descent
Australian men's soccer players
National Soccer League (Australia) players
Croatian Football League players
League of Ireland players
Victorian Premier League players
Brisbane Strikers FC players
HNK Hajduk Split players
Waterford F.C. players
Guangzhou F.C. players
Sydney United 58 FC players
Men's association football midfielders
Place of birth missing (living people) |
The Nyanga River, 600 km, (French: Rivière Nyanga) is a river that runs through southern Gabon and northern Republic of the Congo. It is the second most important river in Gabon after the Ogooue. It is well known for the numerous rapids that break up its otherwise smooth course.
Course
It rises on the border between the two countries, near the juncture of N'Gounié and Ogooué-Lolo provinces of Gabon, runs south along the border and then southwest through the Niari province of Congo, then enters the Nyanga province of Gabon and makes a sharp bend to the northwest. It passes through Nyanga's capital Tchibanga (the largest city on the river), then gradually bends around to the southwest again, running through a series of rapids before coming out onto a coastal plain and emptying into the Atlantic Ocean.
Tributaries
Moukalaba, which receives water of its own tributary, the Ganzi River
Douli
References
National Geographic. 2003. African Adventure Atlas Pg 24,72. led by Sean Fraser.
Lerique Jacques. 1983. Hydrographie-Hydrologie. in Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré led by The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Pg 14–15. Paris, France: Edicef.
Rivers of Gabon
Rivers of the Republic of the Congo
International rivers of Africa
Republic of the Congo–Gabon border
Border rivers |
The Xianren Cave (, Xiānréndòng), together with the nearby Diaotonghuan (, Diàotǒnghuán) rock shelter, is an archaeological site in Dayuan Township (), Wannian County in the Jiangxi province, China and a location of historically important discoveries of prehistoric pottery shards and it bears evidence of early rice cultivation. The cave's name refers to the legendary Chinese enlightened people, the Xian "immortals". The cave is high, wide, and deep.
A 2012 publication in the Science journal, announced that the earliest pottery yet known anywhere in the world was found at this site dating by radiocarbon to between 20,000 and 19,000 years before present, at the end of the Last Glacial Period. The carbon 14 datation was established by carefully dating surrounding sediments. Many of the pottery fragments had scorch marks, suggesting that the pottery was used for cooking.
These early pottery containers were made well before the invention of agriculture (dated to 10,000 to 8,000 BC), by mobile foragers who hunted and gathered their food during the Late Glacial Maximum.
See also
List of caves in China
List of Neolithic cultures of China
References
Caves of Jiangxi
Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Jiangxi
Archaeological sites in China
Shangrao
Paleolithic sites in China |
Lion Schuster (born 9 August 2000) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for German club SV Sandhausen.
Club career
A youth product of Rapid Wien since 2012, Schuster signed a professional contract with the team on 14 August 2020. Schuster made his professional debut with Rapid Wien in a 2-1 Austrian Cup loss to FC Red Bull Salzburg on 25 September 2019.
On 3 August 2023, Schuster signed with SV Sandhausen in German 3. Liga.
Career statistics
References
External links
OEFB Profile
OEFB NT Profile
2000 births
Living people
Footballers from Vienna
Austrian men's footballers
Austria men's youth international footballers
SK Rapid Wien players
SV Sandhausen players
Austrian Football Bundesliga players
2. Liga (Austria) players
Austrian Regionalliga players
Men's association football midfielders
Austrian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Austrian expatriate sportspeople in Germany |
Dark Horse () is a 2005 Danish-Icelandic film directed by Dagur Kári, about a young man, his best friend, and a girl. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival.
Cast
Jakob Cedergren as Daniel
Nicolas Bro as Morfar
Tilly Scott Pedersen as Franc
Morten Suurballe as Dommeren
Angela Bundalovic as Dommeren's daughter
Bodil Jørgensen as Gunvor
Nicolaj Kopernikus as Tejs
Anders Hove as Herluf C
Kristian Halken as Allan Simonsen
Thomas W. Gabrielsson as Sleep researcher Arne
Michelle Bjørn-Andersen as Dommerens' wife
Pauli Ryberg as Skule Malmquist
Mikael Bertelsen as clerk
Asta Esper Hagen Andersen as grandmother Lovisa
Vera Gebuhr as lady in bakery
Peder Pedersen as graffiti artist
References
External links
2005 films
2000s Danish-language films
2005 romantic comedy films
Films directed by Dagur Kári
Danish romantic comedy films
Nimbus Film films
Films shot in Almería
Icelandic romantic comedy films |
In geometry, the nine-point conic of a complete quadrangle is a conic that passes through the three diagonal points and the six midpoints of sides of the complete quadrangle.
The nine-point conic was described by Maxime Bôcher in 1892. The better-known nine-point circle is an instance of Bôcher's conic. The nine-point hyperbola is another instance.
Bôcher used the four points of the complete quadrangle as three vertices of a triangle with one independent point:
Given a triangle and a point in its plane, a conic can be drawn through the following nine points:
the midpoints of the sides of ,
the midpoints of the lines joining to the vertices, and
the points where these last named lines cut the sides of the triangle.
The conic is an ellipse if lies in the interior of or in one of the regions of the plane separated from the interior by two sides of the triangle, otherwise the conic is a hyperbola. Bôcher notes that when is the orthocenter, one obtains the nine-point circle, and when is on the circumcircle of , then the conic is an equilateral hyperbola.
In 1912 Maud Minthorn showed that the nine-point conic is the locus of the center of a conic through four given points.
References
Fanny Gates (1894) Some Considerations on the Nine-point Conic and its Reciprocal, Annals of Mathematics 8(6):185–8, link from Jstor.
Eric W. Weisstein Nine-point conic from MathWorld.
Michael DeVilliers (2006) The nine-point conic: a rediscovery and proof by computer from International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, a Taylor & Francis publication.
Christopher Bradley The Nine-point Conic and a Pair of Parallel Lines from University of Bath.
Further reading
W. G. Fraser (1906) "On relations of certain conics to a triangle", Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society 25:38–41.
Thomas F. Hogate (1894) On the Cone of Second Order which is Analogous to the Nine-point Conic, Annals of Mathematics 7:73–6.
P. Pinkerton (1905) "On a nine-point conic, etc.", Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society 24:31–3.
External links
Nine-point conic and Euler line generalization at Dynamic Geometry Sketches
Euclidean plane geometry
Projective geometry |
Mayfield is an unincorporated community in Goshen Township, Washington County, Arkansas, United States. It is located at the intersection of Arkansas highways 45 and 303.
References
Unincorporated communities in Washington County, Arkansas
Unincorporated communities in Arkansas |
We Will is an outdoor 2005 welded stainless steel sculpture by Richard Hunt, installed in Chicago, in the U.S. state of Illinois.
See also
2005 in art
List of public art in Chicago
References
2005 establishments in Illinois
2005 sculptures
Outdoor sculptures in Chicago
Stainless steel sculptures in the United States |
Robert Moller Gilbreth (July 4, 1920 – July 27, 2007) was an American educator, businessman, and politician.
Gilbreth was born in Nantucket, Massachusetts. His parents were Frank Bunker Gilbreth Sr. and Lillian Moller Gilbreth. He went to the Montclair, New Jersey public schools. He received his bachelor's degree from the University of North Carolina in 1943 and his master's degree in education from Plymouth State University. Gilbreth also went to the University of Massachusetts for graduate studies. He taught school in Nantucket, Massachusetts and owned the Anchor Inn with his wife on Nantucket Island. Gilbreth then taught school and served as a principal for the Franklin, New Hampshire Junior and Senior High Schools.
Gilbreth served as the Franklin Telegram newspaper part-time reporter. In 1984, Gilbreth served in the New Hampshire Constitutional Convention of 1984. He also served on the Franklin School Board from 1980 to 1987. From 1985 to 1994, Gilbreth served in the New Hampshire House of Representatives. In 1985, Gilbreth opposed a bill in the legislature that human life begins at conception. Gilbreth did not agree with women who wanted abortions. However, he felt counseling was needed. In 2007, Gilbreth died from cancer at the Franklin Regional Hospital in Franklin, New Hampshire.
Notes
External links
, comprehensive family and professional history.
1920 births
2007 deaths
People from Nantucket, Massachusetts
People from Franklin, New Hampshire
University of Massachusetts alumni
University of North Carolina alumni
Plymouth State University alumni
Businesspeople from Massachusetts
Educators from Massachusetts
Educators from New Hampshire
Journalists from New Hampshire
School board members in New Hampshire
Members of the New Hampshire House of Representatives
Deaths from cancer in New Hampshire
20th-century American politicians
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American journalists
American male journalists |
Lord Bojong (보종공) (CE 580 – CE 621) was a member of Silla's royal family, Hwarang and also the 16th Pungwolju or Gukseon (國仙) from CE 616 to CE 621.
Biography
Bojong was born in CE 580 at Seorabeol, capital city of Silla Kingdom in the reign of King Jinheung. Bojong was the only son of Lord Seolwon and Lady Mishil. He was talented in martial arts. Then he became Hwarang at 15 years old and served his mother, Lady Mishil. He became Gukseon, the Hwarang Leader, in CE 616 replacing Kim Yushin.
Popular culture
Portrayed by Baek Do-bin and Kwak Jung-wook in the 2009 MBC TV series Queen Seondeok.
Family
Parents
Father: Seolwon Rang (설원랑, 549–606
Mother: Lady Mishil (미실; c. 546/548 – c. 612)
Consorts and issue
Princess Yang-myeong, of the Kim clan ( 양명공주 김씨)
Princess Bora (보라궁주)
Princess Boryang (보량궁주; 604 – 670)
Daughter of Munno (문노), the 8th Pungwolju
References
Samguk Yusa: Legends and History of the Three Kingdoms of Ancient Korea, translated by Tae-Hung Ha and Grafton K. Mintz. Yonsei University Press: Seoul, Korea.
Silla people |
City Carshare was a carsharing program that operated in the San Francisco Bay Area, starting in 2001. It rented vehicles by the hour. In November 2016, the company effectively ceased operations, when Getaround, a for-profit, carsharing company, took over City CarShare's fleet, parking spaces, and member base.
History
At its inception in 2001, City CarShare was the only carsharing program in the San Francisco area. By 2002, the company expanded to Oakland, Berkeley, and Palo Alto. In 2004, City Carshare sold off cars from its fleet in favor of using shared vehicles.
In 2011, City CarShare was one of eighteen organizations to form the North American CarSharing Association, the world's largest. City CarShare was one of the lead organizations in the new association, which had 100,000 members upon its launch. In 2011, City CarShare also partnered with the city of San Francisco to provide on-street parking exclusively for City CarShare vehicles.
In November 2016, City CarShare reached an agreement with Getaround, where Getaround took over City CarShare's fleet, parking spaces and member base.
References
2001 establishments in California
2016 disestablishments in California
Carsharing
Defunct organizations based in California
Transportation organizations based in the United States
Defunct transport organizations
Non-profit organizations based in San Francisco
Organizations established in 2001
Organizations disestablished in 2016
Car rental companies of the United States |
Isaac Perrins was an English bareknuckle prizefighter and 18th-century engineer. A man reputed to possess prodigious strength but a mild manner, he fought and lost one of the most notorious boxing matches of the era, a physically mismatched contest against the English Champion Tom Johnson. Such was the mismatch that Perrins was described as Hercules fighting a boy.
During the period when he was prizefighting Perrins worked for Boulton and Watt, manufacturers of steam engines, based at their Soho Foundry, Birmingham, but also travelled around the country and at times acted as an informant on people who were thought to have breached his employer's patents. In the later years of his life he also ran a public house in Manchester and undertook engineering work on his own account. He was appointed to lead the Manchester fire brigade in 1799, and died a little over 12 months later in the performance of his duties.
Early life
There is little information regarding Issac Perrins' early life, but he was probably born around 1751. His father, also called Isaac, worked for Boulton and Watt erecting stationary steam engines in the West Midlands until his death in 1780. In that year Isaac junior was offered work in Cornwall by the business but turned it down. He subsequently accepted a Birmingham-based job with the firm in 1782.
Prizefighting
Bareknuckle fighting was "particularly popular" in Birmingham during Perrins' lifetime. From a legal standpoint such fights ran the risk of being classified as disorderly assemblies but in practice the authorities were concerned mainly about the number of criminals congregating there. The patronage of the aristocracy – including royal princes and dukes – and other wealthy people ensured that any legal scrutiny was generally benign, in particular because fights could take place on private estates. There was increased support for the sport from around 1786 because of the interest shown in it by the Prince of Wales (later King George IV) and his brothers, the future King William IV and Duke of Kent.
Prizefighting in early 18th-century England took many forms rather than just pugilism, which was referred to by noted swordsman and then boxing champion James Figg as "the noble science of defence". By the middle of the century the term was generally used to denote boxing fights only. The appeal of prizefighting at that time has been compared to that of duelling, with historian Adrian Harvey saying that
Showell's Dictionary of Birmingham reported that although pugilism was long practised in the area the first local records it could find were of a prizefight on 7 October 1782 at Coleshill between Isaac Perrins, "the knock-kneed hammerman from Soho", and a professional called Jemmy Sargent. The fighters received 100 guineas each. Perrins won in around six minutes, after knocking Sargent down thirteen times. Perrins' friends apparently won £1,500 with their betting. This record is an exception to the rule: the records of fights are not detailed for this period and particularly so in the case of those which did not involve men from London. Unless a death or some other remarkable incident occurred, the information is scarce.
London was the premier centre for boxing because the aristocratic supporters of the sport dispersed to their country estates during the summer months but tended to congregate in the city for the winter period. Birmingham was often portrayed as second only to London for the sport and in 1789 there were a series of challenges issued by fighters from the Birmingham area to opponents based around London. The challenges were intended to demonstrate the level of organisation and confidence among the Birmingham boxers and their supporters. Three of these challenges were accepted, including that from Perrins to Tom Johnson. Perrins had already issued a general challenge, offering to fight any man in England for a prize of 500 guineas, having beaten all challengers in the counties around Birmingham.
The Perrins – Johnson fight took place at Banbury on 22 October 1789 and was billed as a battle between Birmingham and London as well as for the English Championship. The venue had been intended to be Newmarket during a race meeting but permission could not be obtained. The two men were around the same age but physically very different. Perrins stood 6' 2" (1.88 m) tall and weighed , while Johnson was 5' 10" (1.78 m) and weighed . It was claimed that Perrins had lifted of iron with ease, and he was "universally allowed to possess much skill and excellent bottom". That is, it was acknowledged that he was skilful and courageous. The physical mismatch was later described as a fight between Hercules, in the form of Perrins, and a boy.
The first five minutes of competition saw neither man strike a blow and then when Perrins tried to make contact Johnson dodged and felled Perrins in return. Although Perrins recovered to hold the upper hand in the first few rounds, Johnson then began to dance around the ring, forcing Perrins to follow to make a fight of it. This "shifting" confused Perrins because the custom at the time was for the fighters to stand still and hit each other, but the rules for this particular fight did not prevent it. Nor did they specify what should happen if a contestant fell to the ground, which is what Johnson did to avoid being hit – this action was thought by the spectators to be unsporting but was permitted by the two umpires. Before long both fighters showed signs of their opponent's attacks, with first Perrins and then Johnson suffering cut eyes and then further damage to their faces. By the fight's end Perrins' head "had scarcely the traces left of a human being", according to Pierce Egan in his history of boxing. The contest lasted 62 rounds, which took a total of 75 minutes to complete, until Perrins became totally exhausted. Tony Gee has said that A celebrated champion, Jack Broughton, and his supporters had gone some way to codifying some rules in 1743, based on work by an earlier champion called James Figg, but by Johnson's time they were still very loose in interpretation and implementation.
Perrins' supporters had gambled heavily on him because of his reputation and his advantage in size. In the event it was a major supporter of Johnson, a Thomas Bullock, who gained; he won £20,000 (equivalent to £220,000 in 2010) from his bets in favour of Johnson and gifted the victor £1,000.
The event was recorded in The Gentleman's Magazine of that month
The contestants received 250 guineas each, with Johnson also receiving two-thirds of the entrance takings (after costs) and Perrins receiving the other third. The net takings were £800, with the number of spectators variously stated as being 3,000 or 5,000. Johnson called on Perrins and left him a guinea to buy himself a drink before leaving Banbury. The fight had proved to be "one of the hardest, cleanest and most brilliant encounters that ever took place".
Copper medals were struck to commemorate each of the contestants. The obverse side of these contained a picture of the respective fighter; the reverse had the Latin inscription Bella! Horrida bella! (a quotation from Virgil which can be translated as wars, horrible wars) and the words Strength and magnanimity in the case of Perrins, and Science and intrepidity for that of Johnson. Chaloner has speculated that these may have been produced by his employers and says that they bear similarities with the work of a French die maker called Ponthon who was supplying the firm with industrial items from at least 1791. The National Portrait Gallery holds two pictures of the Banbury fight, one being an etching published by George Smeeton in 1812, and the other by Joseph Grozer in 1789.
It is possible that his last fight was an 85-minute contest at Shrewsbury in July 1790. This was widely reported in the London press and that of provincial cities but was subsequently denied by newspapers more local to the event. There were unsuccessful attempts after that date to match him against Ben Bryan (sometimes known as Ben Brian, Ben Brain or Ben Bryant), who had by that time defeated Johnson. Indeed, these attempts, conducted by Daniel Mendoza, did not help the cause of his employment with Boulton and Watt as the firm thought that they were a distraction and expressed concern regarding his commitment to his work.
Despite the brutal nature of prizefighting, it was the opinion of boxing historian Henry Downes Miles, in his book Pugilistica, that Perrins was of a "lamb-like disposition" and an intelligent, modest, discerning, and well-liked man. He was also jolly, full of anecdotes, and ever ready to sing a tune, all of which stood him in good stead when he became a publican. Nonetheless, he was "an erratic histrionic genius, whose reckless riot ruined and extinguished his higher gifts".
Work
Employed as a foreman by Boulton and Watt in Birmingham, Perrins was sent around the country by the firm. In 1787 he visited Scotland, from where he reported on an invention by the Symingtons which might possibly have infringed a patent held by his employers, although Watt was disparaging of the device and its creator. He installed the first Boulton and Watt stationary steam engine in Manchester, at Drinkwater's Mill in 1789. He was there again by June 1791, when he spotted a copy of a Boulton and Watt product in Deansgate, one of many examples which infringed the firm's patents. An engine had been built by Joshua Wrigley and used a "smokeless fire-place" similar to one patented by Boulton and Watt, although in this instance the matter was not pursued any further by them.
His position in the firm was sufficiently elevated that he received business correspondence at the factory; for example, a letter to Perrins survives from October 1791, when a John Stratford sought his advice. Perrins was educated and literate by the standards of his time, although economic historian Eric Robinson has said that all engine-erectors needed to be literate to understand fitting instructions sent to their work site by their employers.
Perrins eventually moved to Manchester permanently in 1793, to run a public house. This was not an unusual thing for retired prizefighters then: they often received the proceeds of a financial collection by their supporters to enable them to buy a licence to operate such premises and "today's fighter was merely tomorrow's publican in waiting". In a 1901 review of sporting prints titled The old and new pugilism, which lamented the passing of the style and the discipline of prize-fighting, "the goal of the successful pugilist was a sporting public house ... they were generally in side or back streets, where the house did not command a transient trade. Most of these sporting "pubs" had a large room at the back or upstairs, which was open one night a week (preferably Saturday), for public sparring, which was always conducted by a pugilist of some note."
As well as running his public house, Perrins continued to do work for Boulton and Watt, and was an accredited engine-erector for them. In 1794 he was dismissed from employment by them due to his drunkenness. He had also been arguing with another of the firm's engineers, James Lawson, had upset customers with his manner and was accused of failing to maintain the engines in the Manchester area to a satisfactory standard. He tried to rebuff the last charge in particular, on the grounds that the firm did not pay him a retainer for the maintenance work
Even after this setback he still did some work for the firm. He tracked down and informed the firm of patent infringing copies of their engines in Leeds between 1795–1796 and probably also did the same thing subsequently in Lancashire.
Scholes's Manchester and Salford Directory for 1797 shows Perrins as a "victualler and engineer", living at the Fire Engine public house, 24 Leigh Street. (The street is listed as being off George Street, which was in turn off Great Ancoats Street. It is now called George Leigh Street.) His entry in the directory is an early use of the term "engineer" found in Mancunian documents, the job description at that time being a relatively new one. It has been stated that at the time of his death he was running another public house, the Neptune, but historian W. H. Chaloner believes the source of the statement to be unreliable.
In 1800 he was still doing engineering work for his former employers, who were beset with manufacturing problems and a shortage of engine-erectors. He was also running his own business engaged in general millwrighting and was still called upon by various Manchester engine owners who preferred to use his services for their machine erection and maintenance needs than those of Boulton and Watt. He had moved to New Street, Hanover Street and in December 1799 was appointed to the position of conductor of firemen and inspector of engines by the Manchester police commissioners, positions which effectively put him in charge of the fire brigade. One source – the one considered unreliable by Chaloner – has stated that he had held the position for 20 years prior to his death.
Death
Perrins' death at the age of 50 was announced on 10 December 1800 in the Annual Register, which noted him as being an "engine-worker". The Register said that However, this announcement of his demise was premature as in fact he died on 6 January 1801 after contracting a fever because of his exertions during the rescue, which had occurred during a huge fire that burned all through the night of 10 December. The fire may be that described in The Annals of Manchester: "warehouses in Hodson Square were burnt down December 10, caused damages to the extent of £50,000, exclusive of the buildings". On 29 December 1800 he had been awarded £20 per annum by the commissioners for "meritorious services".
A memorial to Perrins and his wife, Mary (who had predeceased him by a few months), was placed at St John's Church, Byrom Street, Manchester.
References
Notes
Citations
Further reading
The following are a selection from the catalogue of the Boulton and Watt Collection held at Birmingham Central Library in so far as they relate to Isaac Perrins.
1801 deaths
1751 births
Bare-knuckle boxers
English male boxers
English mechanical engineers
British steam engine engineers
Boxers from Birmingham, West Midlands
Engineers from the West Midlands (county)
British firefighters
Publicans |
Sun Remarketing, Inc. (originally Cook's, Inc. before 1983) was a retail company that specialized in reselling old Apple Computer software and hardware. It was founded by Robert L. "Bob" Cook in 1979.
Apple Lisa
In 1985, Sun Remarketing purchased between 5,000 and 7,000 unsold Apple Lisa computers from Apple Computers after the latter had discontinued it in September that year. The company had also acquired 3,500 unsold Apple III computers and thousands of used and broken Lisas from surrounding businesses in the same year. Sun sold roughly thousands of these consigned Lisas between 1985 and 1989, the company modernizing the machines by retrofitting them with 800-KB 3.5-inch floppy disk drives and 20-MB hard drives. Sun began reselling Apple's Macintosh line of computers in 1988, including Macintosh Plus, Macintosh SE, and Macintosh II, after years of having only sold the Lisa, Apple II, and Apple III. In September 1989, Apple took the remaining 2,700 in their warehouse (which they had consigned to Sun) and buried them at a landfill in Utah.
Sun Remarketing bought the MacWorks XL emulator from Apple in the 1980s to spur sales of the Lisa computers by making them able to run Macintosh applications. Following the introduction of the Macintosh Plus by Apple with its enhanced 128K ROM, many new Macintosh applications no longer worked under MacWorks XL. To clear its remaining inventory, Sun Remarketing took the bold step of underwriting the development of a new emulator called MacWorks Plus which fully supported the 128K ROM on the Lisa hardware, and packaged it together as the Lisa Professional.
Demise
Sun Remarketing was also known locally within Cache Valley as one of the first commercial internet service providers in Northern Utah, but did not take advantage of the situation. In 2006, Sun Remarketing was bought out by Cherokee Data, a computer wholesaler in Oklahoma.
A second company using the name Cherokee Data Solutions (aka CDS) is unrelated and unaffiliated with either Cherokee Data or Sun Remarketing.
Notes
External links
Sun Remarketing 1991–1992 Catalogue
Lisa/Macintosh XL Do-it-yourself Guide published by Sun Remarketing
Sun Remarketing Lisa ads at Vectronics Apple World
1983 establishments in Utah
2006 disestablishments in Utah
American companies established in 1983
American companies disestablished in 2006
Computer companies established in 1983
Computer companies disestablished in 2006
Defunct computer companies of the United States
Defunct software companies of the United States |
The 2023 Nigerian presidential election in Katsina State was held on 25 February 2023 as part of the nationwide 2023 Nigerian presidential election to elect the president and vice president of Nigeria. Other federal elections, including elections to the House of Representatives and the Senate, will also be held on the same date while state elections will be held two weeks afterward on 11 March.
Background
Katsina State is a highly populated, northwestern state mainly inhabited by ethnic Hausas and Fulanis. It has a growing economy but is facing rising insecurity, desertification, and low education rates. Politically, the 2019 elections confirmed the state's status as one of the most staunchly APC states in the nation as both Buhari and Aminu Bello Masari won the state by wide margins and every single legislative seat on the senatorial, House of Representatives, and House of Assembly levels were carried by APC nominees.
Polling
Projections
General election
Results
By senatorial district
The results of the election by senatorial district.
By federal constituency
The results of the election by federal constituency.
By local government area
The results of the election by local government area.
See also
2023 Katsina State elections
2023 Nigerian presidential election
Notes
References
Katsina State gubernatorial election
2023 Katsina State elections
Katsina |
Xeroplexa carrapateirensis is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Geomitridae. The species epithet carrapateirensis is an adjective derived from the type locality near Carrapateira.
Description
Strongly convex to pyramidal above, rounded below, with 4.7–5.2 whorls. Whorls rounded, flattened above near the moderately deep sutures. Umbilicus narrow to very narrow, deep, ± symmetrical, partly overlapped by reflected peristome. Mouth almost round, except where interrupted by penultimate whorl, the last part of body whorl expanding markedly, descending slightly near mouth. Shell often rather thin and somewhat translucent, slightly glossy above, more strongly glossy below. Ground colour usually pale brown above, whitish below; upperside commonly with one strong band of brown to blackish-brown towards periphery and one or more diffuse interrupted bands above it, the crests of ribs whitish, but very variable; underside commonly with several thin translucent bands. Transverse ribs on upperside of later whorls typically strong but irregular and often discontinuous, much weaker on underside. Spiral lines obvious on underside of most shells.
References
External links
http://luisjavierchueca.com/research-3/candidula-s-l/
carrapateirensis
Gastropods described in 2014 |
Britney Jean Spears (born December 2, 1981) is an American singer. Often referred to as the "Princess of Pop", she is credited with influencing the revival of teen pop during the late 1990s and early 2000s. Spears has sold over 150 million records worldwide, including over 70 million in the United States, making her one of the world's best-selling music artists. She has earned numerous awards and accolades, including a Grammy Award, 15 Guinness world records, six MTV Video Music Awards, seven Billboard Music Awards (including the Millennium Award), the inaugural Radio Disney Icon Award, and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Her heavily choreographed videos earned her the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award.
After appearing in stage productions and television series, Spears signed with Jive Records in 1997 at age fifteen. Her first two studio albums, ...Baby One More Time (1999) and Oops!... I Did It Again (2000), are among the best-selling albums of all time and made Spears the best-selling teenage artist of all time. With first-week sales of over 1.3 million copies, Oops!... I Did It Again held the record for the fastest-selling album by a female artist in the United States for fifteen years. Spears adopted a more mature and provocative style for her albums Britney (2001) and In the Zone (2003), and starred in the 2002 film Crossroads. She was executive producer of her fifth studio album, Blackout (2007), often referred to as her best work. Following a series of highly publicized personal problems, promotion for the album was limited, and Spears was involuntarily placed in a conservatorship.
Subsequently, Spears released the chart-topping albums, Circus (2008) and Femme Fatale (2011), the latter of which became her most successful era of singles in the US charts. With "3" in 2009 and "Hold It Against Me" in 2011, Spears became the second artist after Mariah Carey in the Billboard Hot 100's history to debut at number one with two or more songs. She embarked on a four-year concert residency, Britney: Piece of Me, at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino in Las Vegas to promote her next two albums Britney Jean (2013) and Glory (2016). In 2019, Spears's legal battle over her conservatorship became more publicized and led to the establishment of the #FreeBritney movement. In 2021, the conservatorship was terminated following her public testimony in which she accused her management team and family of abuse.
In the United States, Spears is the fourth best-selling female album artist of the Nielsen SoundScan era, as well as the best-selling female album artist of the 2000s. She was ranked by Billboard as the eighth-biggest artist of the 2000s. The singer has amassed six number-one albums on the Billboard 200 and five number-one singles on the US Billboard Hot 100: "...Baby One More Time", "Womanizer", "3", "Hold It Against Me", and "S&M (Remix)". Other hit singles include "Oops!... I Did It Again", "I'm a Slave 4 U", and "Toxic". "...Baby One More Time" was named the greatest debut single of all time by Rolling Stone in 2020. In 2004, Spears launched a perfume brand with Elizabeth Arden, Inc.; sales exceeded $1.5 billion . Forbes has reported Spears as the highest-earning female musician of 2001 and 2012. By 2012, she had topped Yahoo!'s list of most searched celebrities seven times in twelve years. Time named Spears one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2021, with Spears also placing first in the magazine's reader poll.
Life and career
1981–1997: Early life, family, and career beginnings
Britney Jean Spears was born on December 2, 1981, in McComb, Mississippi, the second child of James "Jamie" Parnell Spears and Lynne Irene Bridges. Her maternal grandmother, Lillian Portell, was English (born in London), and one of Spears's maternal grandfathers was Maltese. Her siblings are Bryan James Spears and Jamie Lynn Spears. In her memoir The Woman in Me, Spears wrote that her paternal grandmother, Jean, was sent to an asylum by Spears's paternal grandfather. Their three-day-old baby had died and Jean was overwhelmed by grief. While at the asylum, Jean was put on lithium; subsequently, she shot herself over the child's grave.
Born in the Bible Belt, where socially conservative evangelical Protestantism is a particularly strong religious influence, she was baptized as a Southern Baptist and sang in a church choir as a child. As an adult, she has studied Kabbalist teachings. On August 5, 2021, Spears announced that she had converted to Catholicism. Her mother, sister, and nieces Maddie Aldridge and Ivey Joan Watson, are also Catholic. However, on September 5, 2022, after Spears's ex-husband, Kevin Federline, and youngest son did an interview defending her father's actions during her conservatorship, she stated: "I don't believe in God anymore because of the way my children and my family have treated me. There is nothing to believe in anymore. I'm an atheist y'all".
At age three, Spears began attending dance lessons in her hometown of Kentwood, Louisiana, and was selected to perform as a solo artist at the annual recital. Aged five she made her local stage debut, singing "What Child Is This?" at her kindergarten graduation. During her childhood, she also had gymnastics and voice lessons, and won many state-level competitions and children's talent shows. In gymnastics, Spears attended Béla Károlyi's training camp. She said of her ambition as a child, "I was in my own world, ... I found out what I'm supposed to do at an early age".
When Spears was eight, she and her mother Lynne traveled to Atlanta, Georgia, to audition for the 1990s revival of The Mickey Mouse Club. Casting director Matt Casella rejected her as too young, but introduced her to Nancy Carson, a New York City talent agent. Carson was impressed with Spears's singing and suggested enrolling her at the Professional Performing Arts School; shortly afterward, Lynne and her daughters moved to a sublet apartment in New York.
Spears was hired for her first professional role as the understudy for the lead role of Tina Denmark in the off-Broadway musical Ruthless! She also appeared as a contestant on the popular television show Star Search and was cast in a number of commercials. In December 1992, she was cast in The Mickey Mouse Club alongside Christina Aguilera, Justin Timberlake, Ryan Gosling, and Keri Russell. After the show was canceled in 1994, she returned to Mississippi and enrolled at McComb's Parklane Academy. Although she made friends with most of her classmates, she compared the school to "the opening scene in Clueless with all the cliques. ... I was so bored. I was the point guard on the basketball team. I had my boyfriend, and I went to homecoming and Christmas formal. But I wanted more."
In June 1997, Spears was in talks with manager Lou Pearlman to join the female pop group Innosense. Lynne asked family friend and entertainment lawyer Larry Rudolph for his opinion and submitted a tape of Spears singing over a Whitney Houston karaoke song along with some pictures. Rudolph decided that he wanted to pitch her to record labels, for which she needed a professional demo made. He sent Spears an unused song of Toni Braxton; she rehearsed for a week and recorded her vocals in a studio. Spears traveled to New York with the demo and met with executives from four labels, returning to Kentwood the same day. Three of the labels rejected her, saying that audiences wanted pop bands such as the Backstreet Boys and the Spice Girls, and "there wasn't going to be another Madonna, another Debbie Gibson, or another Tiffany."
Two weeks later, executives from Jive Records returned calls to Rudolph. Senior vice president of A&R Jeff Fenster said about Spears's audition that "it's very rare to hear someone that age who can deliver emotional content and commercial appeal ... For any artist, the motivation—the 'eye of the tiger'—is extremely important. And Britney had that." Spears sang Houston's "I Have Nothing" (1992) for the executives, and was subsequently signed to the label. They assigned her to work with producer Eric Foster White for a month; he reportedly shaped her voice from "lower and less poppy" delivery to "distinctively, unmistakably Britney". After hearing the recorded material, president Clive Calder ordered a full album. Spears had originally envisioned "Sheryl Crow music, but younger; more adult contemporary". She felt secure with her label's appointment of producers, since "It made more sense to go pop, because I can dance to it—it's more me." She flew to Cheiron Studios in Stockholm, Sweden, where half of the album was recorded from March to April 1998, with producers Max Martin, Denniz Pop, and Rami Yacoub, among others.
1998–2000: ...Baby One More Time and Oops!... I Did It Again
After Spears returned to the United States, she embarked on a shopping mall promotional tour, titled L'Oreal Hair Zone Mall Tour, to promote her upcoming debut album. Her show was a four-song set and she was accompanied by two back-up dancers. Her first concert tour followed, as an opening act for NSYNC. Her debut studio album, ...Baby One More Time, was released on January 12, 1999. It debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 and was certified two-times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America after a month. Worldwide, the album topped the charts in fifteen countries and sold over 10 million copies in a year. It became the biggest-selling album ever by a teenage artist.
"...Baby One More Time" was released as the lead single from the album. Originally, Jive Records wanted its music video to be animated; however, Spears rejected it, and suggested the final concept of a Catholic schoolgirl. The single sold 500,000 copies on its first day, and peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, topping the chart for two consecutive weeks. It has sold more than 10 million copies, making it one of the best-selling singles of all time. "...Baby One More Time" later received a Grammy nomination for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. The title track also topped the singles chart for two weeks in the United Kingdom, and became the fastest-selling single ever by a female artist, shipping over 460,000 copies. It would later become the 25th-most successful song of all time in British chart history. Spears is the youngest female artist to have a million seller in the UK. The album's third single "(You Drive Me) Crazy" became a top-ten hit worldwide and further propelled the success of the ...Baby One More Time album. The album has sold 25 million copies worldwide, making it one of the best-selling albums of all time. It is the best-selling debut album by any artist.
On June 28, 1999, Spears began her first headlining ...Baby One More Time Tour in North America, which was positively received by critics. It also generated some controversy due to her racy outfits. An extension of the tour, titled (You Drive Me) Crazy Tour, followed in March 2000. Spears premiered songs from her upcoming second album during the show.
Oops!... I Did It Again, Spears's second studio album, was released in May 2000. It debuted at number one in the US, selling 1.3 million copies, breaking the Nielsen SoundScan record for the highest debut sales by any solo artist. It has sold over 20 million copies worldwide to date, making it one of the best-selling albums of all time. Rob Sheffield of Rolling Stone said that "the great thing about Oops! – under the cheese surface, Britney's demand for satisfaction is complex, fierce and downright scary, making her a true child of rock & roll tradition." The album's lead single, "Oops!... I Did It Again", peaked at the top of the charts in Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and many other European nations, while the second single "Lucky", peaked at number one in Austria, Germany, Sweden, and Switzerland. The album as well as the title track received Grammy nominations for Best Pop Vocal Album and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance, respectively.
The same year, Spears embarked on the Oops!... I Did It Again Tour, which grossed $40.5 million; she also released her first book, Britney Spears' Heart to Heart, co-written with her mother. On September 7, 2000, Spears performed at the 2000 MTV Video Music Awards. Halfway through the performance, she ripped off her black suit to reveal a sequined flesh-colored bodysuit, followed by heavy dance routine. It is noted by critics as the moment that Spears showed signs of becoming a more provocative performer. Amidst media speculation, Spears confirmed she was dating NSYNC member Justin Timberlake. Spears and Timberlake both graduated from high school via distance learning from the University of Nebraska High School. She also bought a home in Destin, Florida. In her 2023 memoir, Spears revealed that she had an abortion during late 2000 while dating Timberlake after he said they were not prepared for parenthood. Spears called the abortion "one of the most agonizing things I have ever experienced in my life."
2001–2002: Britney and Crossroads
In January 2001, Spears hosted the 28th Annual American Music Awards, starred at Rock in Rio alongside NSYNC, and performed as a special guest in the Super Bowl XXXV halftime show headlined by Aerosmith and NSYNC. In February 2001, she signed a $7–8 million promotional deal with Pepsi, and released another book co-written with her mother, titled A Mother's Gift. Her self-titled third studio album, Britney, was released in November 2001. While on tour, she felt inspired by hip hop artists such as Jay-Z and The Neptunes and wanted to create a record with a funkier sound. The album debuted at number one in the Billboard 200 and reached top five positions in Australia, the United Kingdom, and mainland Europe, and has sold 10 million copies worldwide.
Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic called Britney "the record where she strives to deepen her persona, making it more adult while still recognizably Britney. ... It does sound like the work of a star who has now found and refined her voice, resulting in her best record yet." The album was honored with two Grammy nominations—Best Pop Vocal Album and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for "Overprotected"—and was listed in 2007 as one of Entertainment Weeklys "100 Best Albums from the Past 25 Years". The album's lead single, "I'm a Slave 4 U", became a top ten hit worldwide.
Spears's performance of the single at the 2001 MTV Video Music Awards featured a caged tiger (wrangled by Bhagavan Antle) and a large albino python draped over her shoulders. It was harshly received by animal rights organization PETA, who claimed the animals were mistreated and scrapped plans for an anti-fur billboard that was to feature Spears. Jocelyn Vena of MTV summarized Spears's performance at the ceremony, saying, "draping herself in a white python and slithering around a steamy garden setting – surrounded by dancers in zebra and tiger outfits – Spears created one of the most striking visuals in the 27-year history of the show."
To support the album, Spears embarked on the Dream Within a Dream Tour. The show was critically praised for its technical innovations, the pièce de résistance being a water screen that pumped two tons of water into the stage. The tour grossed $43.7 million, becoming the second highest-grossing tour of 2002 by a female artist, behind Cher's Farewell Tour. Her career success was highlighted by Forbes in 2002, as Spears was ranked the world's most powerful celebrity. Spears also landed her first starring role in Crossroads, released in February 2002. Although the film was largely panned, critics praised Spears's acting and the film was a box office success. Crossroads, which had a $12 million budget, went on to gross over $61.1 million worldwide.
In June 2002, Spears opened her first restaurant, Nyla, in New York City, but terminated her relationship in November, citing mismanagement and "management's failure to keep her fully apprised". In July 2002, Spears announced she would take a six-month break from her career; however, she went back into the studio in November to record her new album. Spears's relationship with Justin Timberlake ended after three years. In November 2002, Timberlake released the song "Cry Me a River" as the second single from his solo debut album. The music video featured a Spears look-alike and fueled the rumors that she had been unfaithful to him, fueled by further rumors of a reported relationship with Limp Bizkit frontman Fred Durst, though Spears initially denied the allegations despite the two being spotted together on multiple occasions, even claiming the two had a friendly connection. As a response, Spears wrote the ballad "Everytime" with her backing vocalist and friend Annet Artani.
2003–2005: In the Zone and first two marriages
In 2003, Spears worked with the electronic musician James Murphy of LCD Soundsystem, but the collaboration was unsuccessful. A track from their collaboration was leaked online in 2006. In August, Spears opened the MTV Video Music Awards with Christina Aguilera, performing "Like a Virgin". Halfway through they were joined by Madonna, whom they both kissed. The incident was highly publicized. In 2008, MTV listed the performance as the number-one opening moment in the history of MTV Video Music Awards, while Blender cited it as one of the 25 sexiest music moments on television history.
Spears released her fourth studio album, In the Zone, in November 2003. She assumed more creative control by writing and co-producing most of the material. Vibe called it "A supremely confident dance record that also illustrates Spears's development as a songwriter." NPR listed the album as one of "The 50 Most Important Recording of the Decade", adding that "the decade's history of impeccably crafted pop is written on her body of work." In the Zone sold over 609,000 copies in the United States during its first week of availability in the United States, debuting at the top of the charts, making Spears the first female artist in the SoundScan era to have her first four studio albums to debut at number one. It also debuted at the top of the charts in France and the top ten in Belgium, Denmark, Sweden, and the Netherlands. The album produced four singles: "Me Against the Music", a collaboration with Madonna; "Toxic"—which won Spears her first Grammy for Best Dance Recording; "Everytime", and "Outrageous".
In January 2004, Spears married her childhood friend at A Little White Wedding Chapel in Las Vegas, Nevada. The marriage was annulled 55 hours later, following a petition to the court that stated that Spears "lacked understanding of her actions".
In March 2004, Spears embarked on The Onyx Hotel Tour in support of In the Zone. In June 2004, Spears fell and injured her left knee during the music video shoot for "Outrageous". Spears underwent arthroscopic surgery. She was forced to remain six weeks with a thigh brace, followed by eight to twelve weeks of rehabilitation, which caused The Onyx Hotel Tour to be canceled. During 2004, Spears became involved in the Kabbalah Centre through her friendship with Madonna.
In July 2004, Spears became engaged to dancer Kevin Federline, whom she had met three months earlier. The romance was the subject of intense media attention, since Federline had recently broken up with actress Shar Jackson, who was still pregnant with their second child at the time. The stages of their relationship were chronicled in Spears's first reality show Britney and Kevin: Chaotic, which premiered on May 17, 2005, on UPN. Spears later referred to the show in a 2013 interview as "probably the worst thing I've done in my career". They held a wedding ceremony on September 18, 2004, but were not legally married until three weeks later on October 6 due to a delay finalizing the couple's prenuptial agreement.
Shortly after, she released her first perfume, Curious, with Elizabeth Arden, which broke the company's first-week gross for a perfume. In October 2004, Spears took a career break to start a family. Greatest Hits: My Prerogative, her first greatest hits compilation album, was released in November 2004. Spears's cover version of Bobby Brown's "My Prerogative" was released as the lead single from the album, reaching the top of the charts in Finland, Ireland, Italy, and Norway. The second single, "Do Somethin'", was a top ten hit in Australia, the United Kingdom, and other countries of mainland Europe. In August 2005, Spears released "Someday (I Will Understand)", which was dedicated to her first child, a son named Sean Preston, who was born the following month. In November 2005, she released her first remix compilation, B in the Mix: The Remixes, which consists of 11 remixes.
2006–2007: Personal struggles and Blackout
In February 2006, pictures surfaced of Spears driving with her son, Sean, on her lap instead of in a car seat. Child advocates were horrified by the photos of her holding the wheel with one hand and Sean with the other. Spears claimed that the situation happened because of a frightening encounter with paparazzi, and that it was a mistake on her part. The following month, she guest-starred on the Will & Grace episode "Buy, Buy Baby" as closeted lesbian Amber-Louise. She announced she no longer studied Kabbalah in May 2006, explaining, "my baby is my religion". Spears posed nude for the August 2006 cover of Harper's Bazaar; the photograph was compared to Demi Moore's August 1991 Vanity Fair cover. In September 2006, she gave birth to her second son, Jayden James. In November 2006, Spears filed for divorce from Federline, citing irreconcilable differences. Their divorce was finalized in July 2007, when the two reached a global settlement and agreed to share joint custody of their sons.
Spears's maternal aunt Sandra Bridges Covington, with whom she had been very close, died of ovarian cancer in January 2007. In February, Spears stayed in a drug rehabilitation facility in Antigua for less than a day. The following night, she shaved her head with electric clippers at a hair salon in Tarzana, Los Angeles. She admitted herself to other treatment facilities during the following weeks. In May 2007, she produced a series of promotional concerts at House of Blues venues, titled The M+M's Tour. In October 2007, Spears lost physical custody of her sons to Federline. The reasons of the court ruling were not revealed to the public. Spears was also sued by Louis Vuitton over her 2005 music video "Do Somethin'" for upholstering her Hummer interior in counterfeit Louis Vuitton cherry blossom fabric, which resulted in the video being banned on European TV stations.
In October 2007, Spears released her fifth studio album, Blackout. The album debuted atop the charts in Canada and Ireland, at number two in the U.S. Billboard 200, France, Japan, Mexico, and the United Kingdom, and the top ten in Australia, South Korea, New Zealand, and many European nations. In the United States, it was Spears's first album not to debut at number one, although, she did become the only female artist to have her first five studio albums debut at the two top slots of the chart. The album received positive reviews from critics and had sold 3.1 million copies worldwide by the end of 2008. Blackout won Album of the Year at the 2008 MTV Europe Music Awards and was listed as the fifth Best Pop Album of the Decade by The Times.
Spears performed the lead single "Gimme More" at the 2007 MTV Video Music Awards. The performance was widely panned by critics. Despite the criticism, the single enjoyed worldwide success, peaking at number one in Canada and within the top ten in almost every country it charted. The second single "Piece of Me" reached the top of the charts in Ireland and reached the top five in Australia, Canada, Denmark, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. The third single "Break the Ice" was released the following year, and respectively reached numbers seven and nine in Ireland and Canada. In December 2007, Spears began a relationship with paparazzo Adnan Ghalib.
2008–2010: Conservatorship and Circus
In January 2008, Spears refused to relinquish custody of her sons to Federline's representatives. She was hospitalized at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center after police that had arrived at her house noted she appeared to be under the influence of an unidentified substance. The following day, Spears's visitation rights were suspended at an emergency court hearing, and Federline was given sole physical and legal custody of their sons. She was committed to the psychiatric ward of Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center and put on 5150 involuntary psychiatric hold under California state law. The court placed her under a conservatorship led by her father, Jamie Spears, and attorney Andrew Wallet, giving them complete control of her assets. She was released five days later.
The following month, Spears guest-starred on the How I Met Your Mother episode "Ten Sessions" as receptionist Abby. She received positive reviews for her performance, as well as bringing the series its highest ratings ever. In July 2008, Spears regained some visitation rights after coming to an agreement with Federline and his counsel. In September 2008, Spears opened the MTV Video Music Awards with a pre-taped comedy sketch with Jonah Hill and an introduction speech. She won Best Female Video, Best Pop Video, and Video of the Year for "Piece of Me". A 60-minute introspective documentary, Britney: For the Record, was produced to chronicle Spears's return to the recording industry. Directed by Phil Griffin, For the Record was shot in Beverly Hills, Hollywood, and New York City during the third quarter of 2008. The documentary was broadcast on MTV to 5.6 million viewers for the two airings on the premiere night. It was the highest rating in its Sunday night timeslot and in the network's history.
In December 2008, Spears's sixth studio album Circus was released. It received positive reviews from critics and debuted at number one in Canada, Czech Republic, and the United States, and within the top ten in many European nations. In the United States, Spears became the youngest female artist to have five albums debut at number one, earning a place in Guinness World Records. She also became the only act in the SoundScan era to have four albums debut with 500,000 or more copies sold. The album was one of the fastest-selling albums of the year, and has sold 4 million copies worldwide. Its lead single, "Womanizer", became Spears's first chart-topper on the Billboard Hot 100 since "...Baby One More Time". The single also topped the charts in Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Norway, and Sweden. It was also nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording.
In January 2009, Spears and her father obtained a restraining order against her former manager Sam Lutfi, ex-boyfriend Adnan Ghalib, and attorney Jon Eardley, all of whom had been accused of conspiring to gain control of Spears's affairs. Spears embarked on The Circus Starring Britney Spears tour in March 2009. With a gross of U.S. $131.8 million, it became the fifth highest-grossing tour of the year. In November 2009, Spears released her second greatest hits album, The Singles Collection. The album's lead and only single, "3", became her third number-one single in the U.S.
In May 2010, Spears's representatives confirmed she was dating her agent, Jason Trawick, and that they had decided to end their professional relationship to focus on their personal relationship. Spears designed a limited edition clothing line for Candie's, which was released in stores in July 2010. In September 2010, she made a cameo appearance on a Spears-themed tribute episode of the television series Glee, titled "Britney/Brittany"; the episode drew the highest Nielsen ratingup to that point in the series's runin the 18–49 demographic.
2011–2012: Femme Fatale and The X Factor
In March 2011, Spears released her seventh studio album, Femme Fatale. The album peaked at number one in the United States, Canada, and Australia, and within the top ten on nearly every other chart. Its peak in the United States tied Spears with Mariah Carey and Janet Jackson for the third-most number ones among women. Femme Fatale has been certified platinum by the RIAA and as of February 2014, it had sold 2.4 million copies worldwide.
The album's lead single, "Hold It Against Me" debuted atop the Billboard Hot 100, becoming Spears's fourth number-one single on the chart and making her the second artist in history to have two consecutive singles debut at number one, after Mariah Carey. The second single "Till the World Ends" peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 in May, while the third single "I Wanna Go" reached number seven in August. Femme Fatale became Spears's first album in which three of its songs reached the top ten of the chart. The fourth and final single "Criminal" was released in September 2011. The music video sparked controversy when British politicians criticized Spears for using replica guns while filming the video in a London area that had been badly affected by the 2011 England riots. Spears's management briefly responded, stating, "The video is a fantasy story featuring Britney's boyfriend, Jason Trawick, which literally plays out the lyrics of a song written three years before the riots ever happened." In April 2011, Spears appeared in a remix of Rihanna's song "S&M". It reached number one in the US later that month, giving Spears her fifth number one on the chart. On Billboards 2011 Year-End list, Spears was ranked number fourteen on the Artists of the Year, thirty-two on Billboard 200 artists, and ten on Billboard Hot 100 artists. Spears co-wrote "Whiplash", a song from the album When the Sun Goes Down (2011) by Selena Gomez & the Scene.
In June 2011, Spears embarked on her Femme Fatale Tour. The first ten dates of the tour grossed $6.2 million, landing the fifty-fifth spot on Pollstar's Top 100 North American Tours list for the half-way point of the year. The tour ended on December 10, 2011, in Puerto Rico after 79 performances. A DVD of the tour was released in November 2011. In August 2011, Spears received the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards. The next month, she released her second remix album, B in the Mix: The Remixes Vol. 2. In December 2011, Spears became engaged to her long-time boyfriend Jason Trawick, who had formerly been her agent. Trawick was legally granted a role as co-conservator, alongside her father, in April 2012.
In May 2012, Spears was hired to replace Paula Abdul as a judge for the second season of the USA show of The X Factor, joining Simon Cowell, L.A. Reid, and fellow new judge Demi Lovato, who replaced Nicole Scherzinger. With a reported salary of $15 million, she became the highest-paid judge on a singing competition series in television history. However, Katy Perry broke her record in 2018 after Perry was signed for a $25-million salary to serve as a judge on ABC's revival of American Idol. Spears mentored the Teens category; her final act, Carly Rose Sonenclar, was named the runner-up of the season. Spears did not return for the show's third season and was replaced by Paulina Rubio.
Spears appeared on the song "Scream & Shout" with will.i.am, which was released as the third single from his fourth studio album, #willpower (2013). The song later became Spears's sixth number-one single on the UK Singles Chart and peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100. "Scream & Shout" was among the best-selling songs of 2012 and 2013 with denoting sales of over 8.1 million worldwide, the accompanying music video was the third most-viewed video in 2013 on Vevo despite the video being released in 2012. In December 2012, Forbes named her music's top-earning woman of 2012, with estimated earnings of $58 million.
2013–2015: Britney Jean and Britney: Piece of Me
Spears began work on her eighth studio album, Britney Jean, in December 2012, and enlisted will.i.am as its executive producer in May 2013. In January 2013, Spears and Jason Trawick ended their engagement. Trawick was also removed as Spears's co-conservator, restoring her father as the sole conservator. Following the breakup, she began dating David Lucado in March; the couple split in August 2014. During the production of Britney Jean, Spears recorded the song "Ooh La La" for the soundtrack of The Smurfs 2, which was released in June 2013.
On September 17, 2013, she appeared on Good Morning America to announce her two-year concert residency at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino in Las Vegas, titled Britney: Piece of Me. It began on December 27, 2013, and included a total of 100 shows throughout 2014 and 2015. During the same appearance, Spears announced that Britney Jean would be released on December 3, 2013, in the United States. It was released through RCA Records due to the disbandment of Jive Records in 2011, which had formed the joint RCA/Jive Label Group (initially known as BMG Label Group) between 2007 and 2011.
Britney Jean became Spears's final project under her original recording contract with Jive, which had guaranteed the release of eight studio albums. The record received a low amount of promotion and had little commercial impact, reportedly due to time conflicts involving preparations for Britney: Piece of Me. Upon its release, the record debuted at number four on the U.S. Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 107,000 copies, becoming her lowest-peaking and lowest-selling album in the United States. Britney Jean debuted at number 34 on the UK Albums Chart, selling 12,959 copies in its first week. In doing so, it became Spears's lowest-charting and lowest-selling album in the country.
"Work Bitch" was released as the lead single from Britney Jean in September 2013. It debuted and peaked at number 12 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 marking Spears's 31st entry on the chart and the fifth highest debut of her career on the chart, and her seventh in the top 20. It also marked Spears's 19th top 20 entry and overall her 23rd top 40 single. The song marked Spears's highest sales debut since her 2011 number-one single "Hold It Against Me". "Work Bitch" debuted and peaked at number seven on the UK Singles Chart. The song also peaked within the top ten of the charts in Brazil, Canada, France, Italy, Mexico, and Spain.
The second single "Perfume" premiered in November 2013. It debuted and peaked at number 76 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100. In October 2013, she was featured as a guest vocalist on the song "SMS (Bangerz)" by Miley Cyrus, from the latter's fourth studio album Bangerz (2013). On January 8, 2014, Spears won Favorite Pop Artist at the 40th People's Choice Awards at the Microsoft Theater in Los Angeles. In August 2014, Spears confirmed she had renewed her contract with RCA and that she was writing and recording new music for her next album.
Spears announced via Twitter in August 2014 that she would be releasing an intimate apparel line called "The Intimate Britney Spears". It was available to be purchased beginning on September 9, 2014, in the United States and Canada through Spears's Intimate Collection website. It was later available on September 25 for purchase in Europe. The company now ships to over 200 countries including Australia and New Zealand. On September 25, 2014, Spears confirmed on Good Morning Britain that she had extended her contract with The AXIS and Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino, to continue Britney: Piece of Me for two additional years. Spears began dating television producer Charlie Ebersol in October 2014. The pair were split in June 2015.
In March 2015, it was confirmed by People magazine that Spears would release a new single, "Pretty Girls", with Iggy Azalea, on May 4, 2015. The song debuted and peaked at number 29 on the Billboard Hot 100 and charted moderately in international territories. Spears and Azalea performed the track live at the 2015 Billboard Music Awards from The AXIS, the home of Spears's residency, to positive critical response. Entertainment Weekly praised the performance, noting "Spears gave one of her most energetic televised performances in years." On June 16, 2015, Giorgio Moroder released his album, Déjà Vu, that featured Spears on "Tom's Diner".
The song was released as the fourth single from the album on October 9, 2015. In an interview, Moroder praised Spears's vocals and said that she did a "good job" with the song and also stated that Spears "sounds so good that you would hardly recognize her." At the 2015 Teen Choice Awards, Spears received the Candie's Style Icon Award, her ninth Teen Choice Award. In November 2015, Spears guest-starred as a fictionalized version of herself on The CW series, Jane the Virgin. On the show, she danced to "Toxic" with Gina Rodriguez's character.
2016–2018: Glory, continued residency, and the Piece of Me Tour
In 2016, Spears confirmed via social media that she had begun recording her ninth studio album. On March 1, 2016, V magazine announced that Spears would appear on the cover of its 100th issue, dated March 8, 2016, in addition to revealing three different covers shot by photographer Mario Testino for the milestone publication. Editor-in-chief of the magazine, Stephen Gan, revealed that Spears was selected for the "V100" issue because of her status as an icon in the industry. On the decision, Gan stated, "who in our world did not grow up listening to her music?" In May 2016, Spears launched a casual role-play gaming application titled Britney Spears: American Dream. The app, created by Glu Mobile, was made available through both iOS and Google Play.
On May 22, 2016, Spears performed a medley of her past singles at the 2016 Billboard Music Awards. In addition to opening the show, Spears was honored with the Billboard Millennium Award. On July 15, 2016, Spears released the lead single, "Make Me", from her ninth studio album, featuring guest vocals from American rapper G-Eazy. The album, Glory, was formally released on August 26, 2016. On August 16, 2016, MTV and Spears announced that she would perform at the 2016 MTV Video Music Awards. The performance marked Spears's first time returning to the VMA stage after her widely panned performance of "Gimme More" at the 2007 show nine years earlier. Along with "Make Me", Spears and G-Eazy also performed the latter's hit song "Me, Myself & I".
Spears appeared on the cover of Marie Claire UK for the October 2016 issue. In the publication, Spears revealed that she had suffered from crippling anxiety in the past, and that motherhood played a major role in helping her overcome it. "My boys don't care if everything isn't perfect. They don't judge me", Spears said in the issue. In November 2016, during an interview with Las Vegas Blog, Spears confirmed she had already begun work on her next album, stating: "I'm not sure what I want the next album to sound like. ... I just know that I'm excited to get into the studio again and actually have already been back recording." In the same month, she released a remix version of "Slumber Party" as the second single from Glory, featuring Tinashe.
She began dating "Slumber Party"'s music video co-star Sam Asghari after the two met on set. In January 2017, Spears received four wins out of four nominations at the 43rd People's Choice Awards, including Favorite Pop Artist, Female Artist, Social Media Celebrity, as well as Comedic Collaboration for a skit with Ellen DeGeneres for The Ellen DeGeneres Show. In March 2017, Spears announced that her residency concert would be performed abroad as a world tour, Britney: Live in Concert, with dates in select Asian cities. In April 2017, the Israeli Labor Party announced that it would reschedule its July primary election to avoid conflict with Spears's sold-out Tel Aviv concert, citing traffic, and security concerns.
Spears's manager Larry Rudolph also announced the residency would not be extended following her contract expiration with Caesars Entertainment at the end of 2017. On April 29, 2017, Spears became the first recipient of the Icon Award at the 2017 Radio Disney Music Awards. On November 4, 2017, Spears attended the grand opening of the Nevada Childhood Cancer Foundation Britney Spears Campus in Las Vegas. Later that month, Forbes announced that Spears was the 8th highest earning female musician, earning $34 million in 2017. On December 31, 2017, Spears performed the final show of Britney: Piece of Me. The final performance reportedly brought in $1.172 million, setting a new box office record for a single show in Las Vegas, and breaking the record previously held by Jennifer Lopez. Performances of "Toxic" and "Work Bitch" were recorded on earlier dates and aired on ABC's Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve to a record audience of 25.6 million.
In January 2018, Spears released her 24th perfume with Elizabeth Arden, Sunset Fantasy, and announced the Piece of Me Tour which took place in July 2018 in North America and Europe. Tickets were sold out within minutes for major cities, and additional dates were added to meet the demand. Pitbull was the supporting act for the European leg. The tour ranked at 86 and 30 on Pollstar's 2018 Year-End Top 100 Tours chart both in North America and worldwide, respectively. In total, the tour grossed $54.3 million with 260,531 tickets sold and was the sixth highest-grossing female tour of 2018, and was the United Kingdom's second best-selling female tour of 2018.
On March 20, 2018, Spears was announced as part of a campaign for French luxury fashion house Kenzo. The company said it aimed to shake up the 'jungle' world of fashion with Spears's 'La Collection Memento No. 2' campaign. On April 12, 2018, Spears was honored with the 2018 GLAAD Vanguard Award at the GLAAD Media Awards for her role in "accelerating acceptance for the LGBTQ community". On April 27, 2018, Epic Rights announced a new partnership with Spears to debut her own fashion line in 2019, which would include clothing, fitness apparel, accessories, and electronics.
In July 2018, Spears released her first unisex fragrance, Prerogative. On October 18, 2018, Spears announced her second Las Vegas residency show, Britney: Domination, which was set to launch at Park MGM's Park Theatre on February 13, 2019. Spears was slated to make $507,000 per show, which would have made her the highest paid act on the Las Vegas Strip. On October 21, 2018, Spears performed at the Formula One Grand Prix in Austin, the final performance of her Piece of Me Tour.
2019–2021: Conservatorship dispute, #FreeBritney, and abuse allegations
On January 4, 2019, Spears announced an indefinite hiatus and the cancellation of her Las Vegas residency after her father, Jamie, suffered a near-fatal colon rupture. In March 2019, Andrew Wallet resigned as co-conservator of her estate after 11 years. Spears entered a psychiatric facility amidst stress from her father's illness that same month. The following month, a fan podcast, Britney's Gram, released a voicemail message from a source who claimed to be a former member of Spears's legal team. They alleged that Jamie had canceled the residency due to Spears's refusal to take her medication, that he had been holding her in the facility against her will since January 2019 after she violated a no-driving rule, and that her conservatorship was supposed to have ended in 2009. The allegations gave rise to a movement to terminate the conservatorship, #FreeBritney, which received support from celebrities including singers Cher, Paris Hilton, and Miley Cyrus, and the nonprofit organization American Civil Liberties Union. On April 22, 2019, fans protested outside the West Hollywood City Hall and demanded Spears's release. Spears said "all [was] well" two days later and left the facility later that month.
In a May 2019 hearing, Judge Brenda Penny ordered a professional evaluation of the conservatorship. In September, Spears's ex-husband Federline obtained a restraining order against Britney's father, Jamie, following an alleged physical altercation between Jamie and one of her sons. Spears's longtime care manager, Jodi Montgomery, temporarily replaced Jamie as her conservator that same month, which also saw a hearing where no decisions about the arrangement were reached. An interactive pop-up museum dedicated to Spears, dubbed "The Zone", opened in Los Angeles in February 2020, though it was later suspended in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. She released Glorys Japanese-exclusive bonus track, "Mood Ring" as a single, and debuted a new cover of the album to streaming and digital platforms worldwide in May 2020. In August, Jamie called the #FreeBritney movement "a joke" and its organizers "conspiracy theorists".
On August 17, 2020, Spears's court-appointed lawyer, Samuel D. Ingham III, submitted a court filing that documented Spears's desire to have her conservatorship altered to reflect her wishes as well as lifestyle, to instate Montgomery as her permanent conservator, and to replace Jamie with a fiduciary as conservator of her estate. Four days later, Penny extended the established arrangement until February 2021. In November 2020, Penny approved Bessemer Trust as co-conservator of Spears's estate alongside Jamie. The following month, Spears released a new deluxe edition of Glory, which includes "Mood Ring" and new songs "Swimming in the Stars" and "Matches".
A documentary about Spears's career and conservatorship, Framing Britney Spears, premiered on FX in February 2021. Spears later revealed that she had seen parts of the documentary, stating that she felt humiliated by the perception of her that was presented and that she "cried for two weeks" following the initial broadcast. The following month, Ingham filed a petition to permanently replace Jamie with Montgomery as the conservator of Spears's person, citing a 2014 order that determined that Spears did not have the capacity to consent to medical treatment of any form.
On June 22, 2021, shortly before Spears was set to speak to the court, The New York Times obtained confidential court documents stating that Spears had pushed for years to end her conservatorship. Spears spoke to the court on June 23, calling the conservatorship "abusive". She said she had lied by "telling the whole world I'm OK and I'm happy", and that she was traumatized and angry. The court statement received widespread media coverage and generated over 1 million shares on Twitter, over 500,000 messages using the tag #FreeBritney, and more than 150,000 messages with a new hashtag referencing the court appearance, #BritneySpeaks.
On July 1, Bessemer Trust asked the judge to allow them to withdraw from the conservatorship, saying that they had been misled and had entered into the arrangement on the understanding that the conservatorship was voluntary. The same day, senators Elizabeth Warren and Bob Casey Jr. called on federal agencies to increase oversight of the country's conservatorship systems. Spears's manager of 25 years, Larry Rudolph, resigned on July 6 due to her "intention to officially retire" and on that same day, it was reported that Ingham planned to file documents to the court asking to be dismissed. In a July 14 hearing, Judge Penny approved the resignations of Bessemer Trust and Ingham. The court also approved of Spears's request to hire attorney Mathew S. Rosengart to represent her. Rosengart informed the court that he would be working to terminate the conservatorship. Later that day, Spears publicly endorsed the #FreeBritney movement for the first time, using the hashtag in a caption on an Instagram post. She mentioned feeling "blessed" after earning "real representation", referring to Judge Penny's decision to allow her to choose her own counsel.
On July 26, Rosengart filed a petition seeking to remove Jamie as conservator of Spears's estate and to replace him with Jason Rubin, a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) at Certified Strategies Inc. in Woodland Hills, California. On August 12, Jamie agreed to step down as conservator at some future date, with his lawyers stating that he wanted "an orderly transition to a new conservator". On September 7, Jamie filed a petition to end the conservatorship. Five days later, Spears announced her engagement to her longtime boyfriend, Sam Asghari, through an Instagram post. On September 29, Judge Penny suspended Jamie as conservator of Spears's estate, with accountant John Zabel replacing him on a temporary basis. On November 12, Judge Penny terminated the conservatorship.
2022–present: Third marriage, musical collaborations, and The Woman in Me
In April 2022, she announced her pregnancy with Asghari's child, which ended in a miscarriage the following month. The couple married on June 9 at her home in Thousand Oaks, Los Angeles. None of Spears's immediate family (including her parents, sister, and brother) were invited; her two sons did not attend. Spears's first husband, Jason Alexander, attempted to crash the wedding by breaking into her home, armed with a knife, but was arrested. Spears had a three-year restraining order against him. On August 26, Spears and English musician Elton John released the duet "Hold Me Closer", a remake of John's 1972 single "Tiny Dancer". It was Spears's first musical release since the termination of her conservatorship. "Hold Me Closer" debuted at number six on the US Billboard Hot 100, becoming her 14th top-ten single and her highest-charting song in the chart since "Scream & Shout" (2012). It debuted at number three on the UK Singles Chart, earning Spears her 24th top-ten.
Since the termination of her conservatorship, Spears's personal life, social media presence, and overall well-being have been subject to renewed media interest and fan speculation, giving rise to conspiracy theories. On January 24, 2023, deputies from the Ventura County Sheriff's Office performed a welfare check at Spears's residence after receiving several calls from fans who were concerned after she deleted her Instagram account. A spokesperson for the Sheriff's Department stated that Spears "was safe and in no danger." Spears addressed the incident on her Twitter account, asking fans to respect her privacy.
Spears and the rapper will.i.am released their single, "Mind Your Business", on July 21, 2023. On August 16, it was announced Spears and Asghari separated after 14 months of marriage. In September 2023, an additional welfare check was initiated when Spears posted an Instagram video of herself dancing with knives. Her security team assured the attending officer that there was no immediate threat to her safety, and the officer departed. Spears also clarified that the knives were not real.
In February 2022, Spears signed a $15 million book deal for a memoir in one of the biggest book deals of all time. The memoir, The Woman in Me, was released on October 24, 2023. It details her rise to fame, public media events, her conservatorship, and her newfound freedom.
Artistry
Influences
Spears has cited Madonna, Janet Jackson, and Whitney Houston as major influences, her "three favorite artists" as a child, whom she would "sing along to ... day and night in [her] living room"; Houston's "I Have Nothing" was the song she auditioned to that landed her record deal with Jive Records. Spears also named Mariah Carey as "one of the main reasons I started singing". Throughout her career, Spears has drawn frequent comparisons to Madonna and Jackson in particular, in terms of vocals, choreography, and stage presence. According to Spears: "I know when I was younger, I looked up to people ... like, you know, Janet Jackson and Madonna. And they were major inspirations for me. But I also had my own identity and I knew who I was."
In the 2002 book Madonnastyle by Carol Clerk, she is quoted saying: "I have been a huge fan of Madonna since I was a little girl. She's the person that I've really looked up to. I would really, really like to be a legend like Madonna." Spears cited "That's the Way Love Goes" as the inspiration for her song "Touch of My Hand" from her album In the Zone, saying "I like to compare it to 'That's the Way Love Goes,' kind of a Janet Jackson thing." She also said her song "Just Luv Me" from her Glory album also reminded her of "That's the Way Love Goes".
After meeting Spears face to face, Janet Jackson stated: "she said to me, 'I'm such a big fan; I really admire you.' That's so flattering. Everyone gets inspiration from some place. And it's awesome to see someone else coming up who's dancing and singing, and seeing how all these kids relate to her. A lot of people put it down, but what she does is a positive thing." Madonna said of Spears in the documentary Britney: For the Record: "I admire her talent as an artist ... There are aspects about her that I recognize in myself when I first started out in my career". Spears has also named Michael Jackson, Mariah Carey, Sheryl Crow, Otis Redding, Shania Twain, Brandy, Beyoncé, Natalie Imbruglia, Cher, and Prince as inspirations, and younger artists such as Selena Gomez and Ariana Grande.
Musical style
Spears is described as a pop artist and generally explores the genre in the form of Following her debut, she was credited with influencing the revival of teen pop in the late 1990s. Rob Sheffield of Rolling Stone wrote: "Spears carries on the classic archetype of the rock & roll teen queen, the dungaree doll, the angel baby who just has to make a scene." In a review of ...Baby One More Time, Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic described her music as a "blend of infectious, rap-inflected dance-pop and smooth balladry." Oops!... I Did It Again saw Spears working with several R&B producers to create "a combination of bubblegum, urban soul, and raga". Her third studio album, Britney derived from the teen pop niche "[r]hythmically and melodically", but was described as "sharper, tougher than what came before", incorporating genres such as R&B, disco, and funk.
Spears has explored and heavily incorporated the genres of electropop and dance music in her records, as well as influences of urban and hip hop, which are most present on In the Zone and Blackout. In the Zone also experiments with Euro trance, reggae, and Middle Eastern music. Femme Fatale and Britney Jean were also heavily influenced by electronic music genres. Spears's ninth studio album Glory is more eclectic and experimental than her previous released work. She commented that it "took a lot of time ... it's really different ... there are like two or three songs that go in the direction of more urban that I've wanted to do for a long time now, and I just haven't really done that."
...Baby One More Time and Oops!... I Did It Again address themes such as love and relationships from a teenager's point of view. Following the massive commercial success of her first two studio albums, Spears's team and producers wanted to maintain the formula that took her to the top of the charts. Spears, however, was no longer satisfied with the sound and themes covered on her records. She co-wrote five songs and choose each track's producer on her third studio album, Britney, which lyrics address the subjects of reaching adulthood, sexuality, and self-discovery. Sex, dancing, freedom, and love continued to be Spears's music main subjects on her subsequent albums. Her fifth studio effort, Blackout, also addresses issues such as fame and media scrutiny, including on the song "Piece of Me".
Spears's music has also been noted for some catchphrases. The opening in her debut single "...Baby One More Time", "Oh, baby baby" is considered to be one of her signature lines and has been parodied in the media by various artists such as Nicole Scherzinger and Ariana Grande. It has been used in variating forms throughout her music, such as simply, "baby" and "oh baby", as well as the Blackout track, "Ooh Ooh Baby". On the initial development of "...Baby One More Time", Barry Weiss noted Spears's inception of the catchphrase from her strange ad-libbing during the recording of the song. He commented further, "We thought it was really weird at first. It was strange. It was not the way Max wrote it. But it worked! We thought it could be a really good opening salvo for her." The opening line in "Gimme More", "It's Britney, bitch" has become another signature phrase. An early review of Blackout suggested the phrase was "simply laughable". Amy Roberts of Bustle called it "an indelible cultural turning point, transforming a frenetic, floundering moment in the superstars career to one of strength and empowerment".
Voice
Spears is a soprano. Other sources state that she possesses a contralto vocal range. Prior to her breakthrough success, she is described as having sung "much deeper than her highly recognizable trademark voice of today", with Eric Foster White, who worked with Spears on her debut album ...Baby One More Time, being cited as "[shaping] her voice over the course of a month" upon being signed to Jive Records "to where it is today—distinctively, unmistakably Britney". Rami Yacoub, who co-produced Spears's debut album with lyricist Max Martin, commented, "I know from Denniz Pop and Max's previous productions, when we do songs, there's kind of a nasal thing. With N' Sync and the Backstreet Boys, we had to push for that mid-nasal voice. When Britney did that, she got this kind of raspy, sexy voice."
Guy Blackman of The Age wrote that "[t]he thing about Spears, though, is that her biggest songs, no matter how committee-created or impossibly polished, have always been convincing because of her delivery, her commitment and her presence. ... Spears expresses perfectly the conflicting urges of adolescence, the tension between chastity and sexual experience, between hedonism and responsibility, between confidence and vulnerability." Producer William Orbit, who worked with Spears on her album Britney Jean, stated regarding her vocals: "[Britney] didn't get so big just because [she] put on great shows; [she] got to be that way because [her voice is] unique: you hear two words and you know who is singing".
Spears has also been criticized for her reliance on Auto-Tune and her vocals being "over-processed" on records. Erlewine criticized Spears's singing abilities in a review of her Blackout album, stating: "Never the greatest vocalist, her thin squawk could be dismissed early in her career as an adolescent learning the ropes, but nearly a decade later her singing hasn't gotten any better, even if the studio tools to masquerade her weaknesses have." Joan Anderman of The Boston Globe remarked that "Spears sounds robotic, nearly inhuman, on her records, so processed is her voice by digital pitch-shifters and synthesizers."
Kayla Upadhyaya of The Michigan Daily has provided a different point of view, stating: "Auto-tuned and over-processed vocals define [Spears]'s voice as an artist, and in her music, auto-tune isn't so much a gimmick as it is an instrument used to highlight, contort and make a statement." Adam Markovitz of Entertainment Weekly opines that "Spears is no technical singer, that's for sure. But backed by Martin and Dr. Luke's wall of pound, her vocals melt into a mix of babytalk coo and coital panting that is, in its own overprocessed way, just as iconic and propulsive as Michael Jackson's yips or Eminem's snarls."
Stage performances and videos
Spears is known for her stage performances, particularly the elaborate dance routines which incorporate "belly-dancing and tempered erotic moves" that are credited with influencing "dance-heavy acts" such as Danity Kane and the Pussycat Dolls. Rolling Stone readers voted Spears their second-favorite dancing musician. Spears is described as being much more shy than her stage persona suggests. She said that performing is "a boost to [her] confidence. It's like an alter-ego type thing. Something clicks and I go and turn into this different person. I think it's kind of a gift to be able to do that." Her 2000, 2001, and 2003 MTV Video Music Awards performances were lauded, while her 2007 presentation was widely panned by critics, as she "teetered through her dance steps and mouthed only occasional words". Billboard called her 2016 "comeback" performance at the show "an effective, but not entirely glorious, bid to regain pop superstardom".
After her knee injuries and personal problems, Spears's "showmanship" and dance abilities came under criticism. Serge F. Kovaleski of The New York Times watched her Las Vegas concert residency in 2016 and stated: "Once a fluid, natural dancer, Ms. Spears can appear stiff, even robotic, today, relying on flailing arms and flashy sets." Las Vegas Suns Robin Leach seemed more impressed over Spears's efforts on the concert by saying that she delivered a "flawless performance" on the residency's opening night.
It has been widely reported that Spears lip-syncs during live performances, which often prompts criticism from music critics and concert goers. Some, however, claimed that, although she "got plenty of digital support", she "doesn't merely lip-sync" during her live shows. In 2016, Sabrina Weiss of Refinery29 referred to her lip-syncing as a "well-known fact that's not even taboo anymore." Noting on the prevalence of lip-syncing, the Los Angeles Daily News opined: "In the context of a Britney Spears concert, does it really matter? ... you [just] go for the somewhat-ridiculous spectacle of it all". Spears herself has commented on the topic, arguing: "Because I'm dancing so much, I do have a little bit of playback, but there's a mixture of my voice and the playback. ... It really pisses me off because I'm busting my ass out there and singing at the same time and nobody ever gives me credit for it".
In 2012, VH1 ranked Spears as the fourth Greatest Woman of the Video Era, while Billboard ranked her as the eight Greatest Music Video Artist of All Time in 2020, explaining: "The storylines, the dancing, the outfits. Right from the start, the pop princess established the lengths of her creativity with some of the most memorable videos of the last three decades." She has been retroactively noted as the pioneer for her early career videography. She conceptualized the "iconic Catholic schoolgirl and cheerleader motif" in the "...Baby One More Time" video, rejecting the animation video idea. She also made the "Oops!... I Did It Again" video "dance-centric rather than space-centric as her producers suggested". She also used her dancer's intuition to help select the beats for each track.
Public image
Upon launching her music career with ...Baby One More Time, Spears was labeled a teen idol, and Rolling Stone described her as "the latest model of a classic product: the unneurotic pop star who performs her duties with vaudevillian pluck and spokesmodel charm." The April 1999 cover of Rolling Stone featured Spears lying on her bed, wearing an open top revealing her bra, and shorts, while clutching a Teletubby. The American Family Association (AFA) referred to the shoot as "a disturbing mix of childhood innocence and adult sexuality" and called on "God-loving Americans to boycott stores selling Britney's albums." Spears addressed the outcry, commenting: "What's the big deal? I have strong morals. ... I'd do it again. I thought the pictures were fine. And I was tired of being compared to Debbie Gibson and all of this bubblegum pop all the time." Shortly prior, Spears had announced publicly she would remain abstinent until marriage.
An early criticism of Spears dismissed her as a "manufactured pop star, the product of a Swedish songwriting factory that had no real hand in either her music or her persona", which Vox editor Constance Grady assesses as being perpetuated from the fact that Spears debuted in the late 1990s, when music was dominated by rockism, that prizes "so-called authenticity and grittiness of rock above all else". Spears's "slick, breezy pop was an affront to rockist sensibilities, and claiming that Spears was fake was an easy way to dismiss her." Ron Levy for Rolling Stone noted that "I have to tell you, if the record company could have created more than one Britney Spears, they would have done it, and they tried!"
Billboard opined that, by the time Spears released her sophomore album Oops!... I Did It Again, "There was a shift occurring in both the music and her public image: She was sharper, sexier and singing about more grown-up fare, setting the stage for 2001's Britney, which shed her innocent skin and ushered her into adulthood." Britneys lead single "I'm a Slave 4 U" and its music video were also credited for distancing her from her previous "wholesome bubblegum star" image. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic remarked, "If 2001's Britney was a transitional album, capturing Spears at the point when she wasn't a girl and not yet a woman, its 2003 follow-up, In the Zone, is where she has finally completed that journey and turned into Britney, the Adult Woman." Erlewine likened Spears to fellow singer Christina Aguilera, explaining that both equated "maturity with transparent sexuality and the pounding sounds of nightclubs". Brittany Spanos of LA Weekly stated that Spears "set the bar for the 'adulthood' transition teen pop stars often struggle with".
Spears's erratic behavior and personal problems during 2006–2008 were highly publicized and affected both her career and public image. Erlewine reflected on this period of her life, stating that "each new disaster [was] stripping away any residual sexiness in her public image". In a 2008 article, Rolling Stones Vanessa Grigoriadis described her much-publicized personal issues as "the most public downfall of any star in history". Spears later received favorable media attention; Billboard opined that her appearance at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards "was a picture of professionalism and poise" after her "disastrous" performance at the previous year's show, while Business Insider ran an article on how she had "lost control of her life ... and then made an incredible career comeback". Spears later reflected on this tumultuous period, saying: "I think I had to give myself more breaks through my career and take responsibility for my mental health. ... I wrote back then, that I was lost and didn't know what to do with myself. I was trying to please everyone around me because that's who I am deep inside. There are moments where I look back and think: 'What the hell was I thinking?'"
In September 2002, Spears was placed at number eight on VH1's 100 Sexiest Artists list. She was placed at number one on FHMs 100 Sexiest Women in the World list in 2004, and, in December 2012, Complex ranked her 12th on its 100 Hottest Female Singers of All Time list. Remarking upon her perceived image as a sex symbol, Spears stated: "When I'm on stage, that's my time to do my thing and go there and be that and it's fun. It's exhilarating just to be something that you're not. And people tend to believe it." In 2003, People magazine cited her as one of the 50 Most Beautiful People.
Spears is recognized as a gay icon and was honored with the 2018 GLAAD Vanguard Award at the GLAAD Media Awards for her role in "accelerating acceptance for the LGBTQ community". Spears addressed the "unwavering loyalty" and "lack of judgment" of her LGBTQ fans in Billboards Love Letters to the LGBTQ Community. She said: "Your stories are what inspire me, bring me joy, and make me and my sons strive to be better people." Manuel Betancourt of Vice magazine wrote about the "queer adoration", especially of gay men, on Spears, and said that "Where other gay icons exude self-possession, Spears' fragile resilience has made her an even more fascinating role model, closer to Judy Garland than to Lady Gaga ... she's a glittering mirror ball, a fractured reflection of those men on the dance floor back onto themselves." HuffPosts Ben Appel attributed Spears's status as a gay icon to "her oh-so-innocent/"not that innocent" Monroe-like sensuality, her sweet, almost saccharine nature, her beyond basic but addictive pop songs, her dance moves, her phoenix-out-of-the-fire comeback from a series of mental health crises, and her unmistakable tenderness. Britney is camp. She is a fashion plate. A doll. Britney is a drag queen."
Since her early years in the public eye, Spears has been a tabloid fixture and a paparazzi target. Steve Huey of AllMusic remarked that "among female singers of [Spears's] era ... her celebrity star power was rivaled only by Jennifer Lopez." 'Britney Spears' was Yahoo!'s most popular search term between 2005 and 2008, and has been in a total of seven different years. Spears was named as Most Searched Person in the Guinness World Records book edition 2007 and 2009. She was later named as the most searched person of the decade 2000–2009.
As a public figure, Spears "has never been known to her fans as a politically active, committed—or even aware—entertainer." In a 2003 interview with Tucker Carlson, she commented on President George W. Bush and the Iraq War, saying that "we should just trust our president in every decision that he makes ... and be faithful in what happens". Michael Moore included the footage of Spears's answer in his "anti-Bush" documentary Fahrenheit 9/11, which, according to The Washington Timess James Frazier, presented her "as an example of a naive American blindly trusting a dishonest commander in chief" and fueled the "urban legend" of a "conservative" Spears. Frazier also said that "the few positions she has taken can hardly be considered conservative", such as supporting same-sex marriage. In 2016, Spears posted pictures of a meeting with Hillary Clinton on social media. She described Clinton as "an inspiration and [a] beautiful voice for women around the world".
In December 2017, Spears publicly showed support for the DREAM Act in the wake of the announcement that Donald Trump would end the DACA policy, which previously granted undocumented immigrants who came to the country as minors a renewable two-year period of deferred action from deportation. She posted a photo of herself on social media wearing a black T-shirt that reads "We Are All Dreamers" in white letters. The caption read, "Tell Congress to pass the #DreamAct".
In 2020, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, Spears posted an image on Instagram and wrote: "During this time of isolation ... We will feed each other, redistribute wealth, strike. We will understand our own importance from the places we must stay", along with three emoji roses, "a symbol commonly used by the Democratic Socialists of America". She later voiced support for the Black Lives Matter movement and George Floyd protests in the wake of his murder, saying: "My heart breaks for my friends in the black community ... and for everything going on in our country. Right now I think we should all do what we can to listen, learn, do better, and use our voices for good."
On September 15, 2021, Spears was named one of the 100 most influential people of 2021 by Time. A few days before the editors's list was released, Spears was put at the top of the readers voting list of which personalities should be included on the annual Time 100 list. Deemed an icon of 2021, editors highlighted the impact of her fight against her conservatorship as well as of the #FreeBritney movement. In October 2021, Spears thanked her fans and the #FreeBritney movement for "freeing me from my conservatorship".
Legacy
Referred to as the "Princess of Pop", Spears was credited as one of the "driving force[s] behind the return of teen pop in the late 1990s". Rolling Stones Stacy Lambe explained that she "help[ed] to usher in a new era for the genre that had gone dormant in the decade that followed New Kids on the Block. ... Spears would lead an army of pop stars ... built on slick Max Martin productions, plenty of sexual innuendo and dance-heavy performances. [She became] one of the most successful artists of all time—and a cautionary tale for a generation, whether they paid attention or not." In a 2021 article for Time, Maura Johnston opined that "Spears' legacy as a pop artist is complex, made up of dazzling musical heights and music-business-borne lows". Johnston also commented: "While Spears' catalog is part of the canon that defines the first 20 years of this millennium, one hopes that her public struggles, and the strength she's shown while enduring them, will lead to her cementing her true legacy: Reshaping the machine that turns those songs into cultural touchstones."
Glamour magazine contributor Christopher Rosa described her as "one of pop music's defining voices. ... When she emerged onto the scene in 1998 with ...Baby One More Time, the world hadn't seen a performer like her. Not since Madonna had a female artist affected the genre so profoundly." Billboards Robert Kelly observed that Spears's "sexy and coy" vocals on her debut single "...Baby One More Time" "kicked off a new era of pop vocal stylings that would influence countless artists to come." In 2020, Rolling Stone ranked the song at number one on a list of the 100 Greatest Debut Singles of All Time and Rob Sheffield described it as "One of those pop manifestos that announces a new sound, a new era, a new century. But most of all, a new star ... With "...Baby One More Time", [Spears] changed the sound of pop forever: It's Britney, bitch. Nothing was ever the same."
Spears was at the forefront of the female teen pop explosion starting in 1999 and extending through the 2000s, leading the pack of Christina Aguilera, Jessica Simpson, and Mandy Moore. All of these performers had been developing material in 1998, but the market changed dramatically in December 1998 when Spears's single and video were charting highly. RCA Records quickly signed Aguilera and released her debut single to capitalize on Spears's success, producing her debut hit single "Genie in a Bottle". Simpson consciously modeled her persona as more mature than Spears; her "I Wanna Love You Forever" charted in September 1999, and her album Sweet Kisses followed shortly after. Moore's first single, "Candy", hit the airwaves a month before Simpson's single, but it did not perform as well on the charts; Moore was often seen as less accomplished than Spears and the others, coming in fourth of the "pop princesses". Fueling media stories about their competition for first place, Spears and Aguilera traded barbs but also compliments through the 2000s.
Alim Kheraj of Dazed called Spears "one of pop's most important pioneers". After eighteen years as a performer, Billboard described her as having "earned her title as one of pop's reigning queens. Since her early days as a Mouseketeer, [Spears] has pushed the boundaries of 21st century sounds, paving the way for a generation of artists to shamelessly embrace glossy pop and redefine how one can accrue consistent success in the music industry." Entertainment Weeklys Adam Markovitz described Spears as "an American institution, as deeply sacred and messed up as pro wrestling or the filibuster." In 2012, she was ranked as the fourth VH1's 50 Greatest Women of the Video Era show list. VH1 also cited her among its choices on the 100 Greatest Women in Music in 2012 and the 200 Greatest Pop Culture Icons in 2003. In 2020, Billboard ranked her eight on its 100 Greatest Music Video Artists of all-time list.
Spears and her work have influenced various artists including Katy Perry, Meghan Trainor, Demi Lovato, Kelly Key, Kristinia DeBarge, Little Boots, Charli XCX, Marina Diamandis, the Weeknd, Tegan and Sara, Pixie Lott, Grimes, Selena Gomez, Hailee Steinfeld, Pabllo Vittar, Tinashe, Victoria Justice, Cassie, Leah Wellbaum of Slothrust, the Saturdays, Normani, Miley Cyrus, Cheryl, Lana Del Rey, Ava Max, Billie Eilish, Sam Smith, and Rina Sawayama. During the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards, Lady Gaga said that Spears "taught us all how to be fearless, and the industry wouldn't be the same without her." Gaga has also cited Spears as an influence, calling her "the most provocative performer of my time."
Before Spears joined The X Factor, Simon Cowell explained that he is "fascinated by [Britney]. The fact that she's one of the most talked about – not just pop stars – but people in the world today, means that you've got this star power. ... She's still hot, she's still having hit records and she's still controversial, there's a reason for that." Marina Diamandis named Spears as the main influence behind her album Electra Heart. Lana Del Rey has said that the music video for "Toxic" inspires her. Spears has had a direct influence on singer Porcelain Black's work after growing up around her music as a child. Black describes her music as a "love child between" Spears and Marilyn Manson. Rita Ora's 2019 music video for "Only Want You" was inspired by Spears's "Everytime" music video, and said in a stories from Instagram, "Hey @britneyspears this was for you because I love you so. Pay homage to the ones who inspire! #icon."
Spears has been credited with redefining Las Vegas residencies as a retirement place for musicians. Her debut concert residency Britney: Piece of Me was described as "the natural evolution of Celine Dion's powerhourse Vegas residency, a still-charting star of another generation redefining the role of Strip headliner." Forbes named Spears the sixth-highest-earning female musician of 2015." She is credited with influencing and paving the way for other artists's residencies such as Jennifer Lopez's Jennifer Lopez: All I Have, Bruno Mars's Bruno Mars at Park MGM, and Backstreet Boys' Backstreet Boys: Larger Than Life. The arrival of Spears "saw the pop promoters finally tap into the younger crowd arriving in town for a good time."
Spears's much-publicized personal problems and her subsequent career comeback have inspired some artists. Gwyneth Paltrow's character in the 2010 film Country Strong was inspired by Spears's treatment by the media. According to film director Shana Fest, "that's where this movie came from. I mean, I was seeing what was happening in the media to Britney Spears. I think it's tragic how we treat people who give us so much, and we love to see them knocked down to build them back up again, to knock them down again." Nicki Minaj has cited Spears's comeback after her much-publicized personal issues as an inspiration. Spears's hounding by paparazzi and personal problems also inspired Barry Manilow's album 15 Minutes. Manilow said: "She couldn't have a life without them pulling up next to her car and following her and driving her crazy to the point where, that was around the time she shaved off her hair. ... We all looked at it in horror ... So it seemed like a thing to be writing an album about." Bebo Norman wrote a song about Spears, called "Britney", which was inspired by "culture's make-or-break treatment of celebrities."
Achievements
Spears's awards and accolades include a Grammy Award; 15 Guinness world records; six MTV Video Music Awards, including the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award; seven Billboard Music Awards, including the Millennium Award; the inaugural Radio Disney Icon Award; the GLAAD Media Award's Vanguard Award; and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Spears is listed by the Guinness World Records as having the "Best-selling album by a teenage solo artist" for her debut studio album, ...Baby One More Time, which sold over 13 million copies in the United States. Melissa Ruggieri of the Richmond Times-Dispatch reported: "She's also marked for being the best-selling teenage artist. Before she turned 20 in 2001, Spears had sold over 37 million albums worldwide".
, according to the Evening Standard, Spears has sold over 150 million records worldwide, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time. She also sold more than 70 million records in United States, including 36.9 million digital singles and 33.6 million digital albums. Spears is further recognized as the best-selling female albums artist of the 2000s in the United States, as well as the fifth overall. In December 2009, Billboard ranked Spears the 8th Artist of the 2000s decade in the United States. She is one of the few artists in history to have had a number-one single and a number-one studio album in the US during each of the three decades of her career. With "3" in 2009 and "Hold It Against Me" in 2011, she became the second artist after Mariah Carey in the Hot 100's history to debut at number one with two or more songs. In 2016, Spears ranked at number twenty on Billboards Greatest Of All Time Top Dance Club Artists list.
Other ventures
Product and endorsements
In 2000, Spears released a limited edition of sunglasses titled Shades of Britney. In 2001, she signed a deal with shoe company Skechers, and a $7–8 million promotional deal with Pepsi, their biggest entertainment deal at the time. Aside from numerous commercials with the latter during that year, she also appeared in a 2004 Pepsi television commercial in the theme of "Gladiators" with singers Beyoncé, Pink, and Enrique Iglesias. On June 19, 2002, she released her first multi-platform video game, Britney's Dance Beat, which received positive reviews.
In March 2009, Spears was announced as the new face of clothing brand Candie's. Dari Marder, chief marketing officer for the brand, said: "Everybody loves a comeback and nobody's doing it better than Britney. She's just poised for even greater success." In 2010, Spears designed a limited edition line for the brand, which was released in stores in July 2010. In 2011, she teamed up with Sony, Make Up For Ever, and Plenty of Fish to release her music video for "Hold It Against Me", earning her $500,000 for the product placement.
Spears also teamed up with Hasbro in 2012 to release an exclusive version of Twister Dance, which includes a remix of "Till the World Ends". She was also featured on a commercial, which was directed by Ray Kay, to promote the game. Spears was also featured on the commercial of Twister Dance Rave, and the game included a Twister remix of "Circus". In March 2018, it was revealed that Spears would be the face of Kenzo, a contemporary French luxury clothing house.
Spears's range of commercial deals and products also includes beauty care products and perfumes. She released her first perfume with Elizabeth Arden, Curious in 2004, which broke the company's first-week gross for a perfume. By 2009, she had released seven more perfumes including Fantasy. In 2010, Spears released her eighth fragrance, Radiance.
In 2011, Radiance was reissued as a new perfume titled Cosmic Radiance. Worldwide, Spears sold over one million bottles in the first five years, with gross receipts of $1.5 billion. In 2016, Spears contacted Glu Mobile to create her own role-playing game, Britney Spears: American Dream. The app officially launched in May 2016 and is compatible with iOS and Android. On June 17, 2016, Spears announced the release of her twentieth fragrance, Private Show. , Spears has released 24 fragrances through Elizabeth Arden.
Philanthropy
Spears founded The Britney Spears Foundation, a charitable entity set up to help children in need. The philosophy behind the Foundation was that music and entertainment has a healing quality that can benefit children. The Foundation also supported the annual Britney Spears Camp for the Performing Arts, where campers had the opportunity to explore and develop their talents. In April 2002, through the efforts of Spears and The Britney Spears Foundation, a grant of $1 million was made to the Twin Towers Fund to support the children of uniformed service heroes affected by the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, including New York City Fire Department and its Emergency Medical Services Command, the New York City Police Department, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, the New York State Office of court Administration and other government offices. However, it was reported in 2008 that the Foundation had a deficit of $200,000. After Spears went through conservatorship, her father and lawyer Andrew Wallet zeroed out the effort, leading to its closure in 2011.
On October 30, 2001, Spears, alongside Bono and other popular recording artists under the name "Artists Against AIDS Worldwide", released an album consisting of multiple versions of Marvin Gaye's "What's Going On", with the intention to benefit AIDS programs in Africa and other impoverished regions. In the wake of Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Spears donated $350,000 to Music Rising. Later in 2011, she raised $200,000 during An Evening of Southern Style at a private residence in Beverly Hills to benefit the St. Bernard Project, with the help of several celebrities, including Hilary Duff, Selena Gomez, Kelly Osbourne, Kellan Lutz, and Kim Kardashian. Spears has also helped several charities during her career, including Madonna's Kabbalah-based Spirituality for Kids, cancer charity Gilda's Club Worldwide, Promises Foundation, and United Way, with the latter two focused on giving families from various disadvantaged situations new hope and stable foundations for the future.
On October 24, 2015, Spears donated $120,000 to the Nevada Childhood Cancer Foundation. In addition, $1 of each ticket sale for her Las Vegas residency, Britney: Piece of Me, was donated to the nonprofit organization. Spears also fundraised for the charity through social media, in addition to selling limited edition merchandise, with all proceeds going to the NCCF. On October 27, 2016, Spears partnered with Zappos and XCYCLE to host the Britney Spears Piece of Me Charity Ride in Boca Park, Las Vegas to raise additional money toward her goal of $1 million for the NCCF, with $450,000 having already been raised from Spears's ticket sales and merchandise. Participants were entered for a chance to win a spin class with Spears herself. The event ultimately went on to raise $553,130. The fundraising ultimately led to the development of the NCCF Britney Spears Campus in Las Vegas, which saw its grand opening on November 4, 2017. Spears also regularly participates in Spirit Day to combat bullying of LGBTQ youth and bullying.
In March 2020, Spears was participating in the #DoYourPartChallenge, which entails helping people with anything they might need during the COVID-19 pandemic. She told fans to send her messages on Instagram if they need supportive words during the coronavirus pandemic, with Spears picking three fans.
Discography
...Baby One More Time (1999)
Oops!... I Did It Again (2000)
Britney (2001)
In the Zone (2003)
Blackout (2007)
Circus (2008)
Femme Fatale (2011)
Britney Jean (2013)
Glory (2016)
Selected filmography
Longshot (2001)
Crossroads (2002)
Austin Powers in Goldmember (2002)
Pauly Shore Is Dead (2003)
Fahrenheit 9/11 (2004)
Corporate Animals (2019)
Concerts and residencies
Tours
...Baby One More Time Tour (1999)
(You Drive Me) Crazy Tour (2000)
Oops!... I Did It Again Tour (2000)
Dream Within a Dream Tour (2001–2002)
The Onyx Hotel Tour (2004)
The M+M's Tour (2007)
The Circus Starring Britney Spears (2009)
Femme Fatale Tour (2011)
Britney: Live in Concert (2017)
Piece of Me Tour (2018)
Residencies
Britney: Piece of Me (2013–2017)
Published works
Heart to Heart (2000)
A Mother's Gift (2001)
Crossroads Diary (2002)
The Woman in Me (2023)
See also
Artists with the most number-one European singles
Forbes Celebrity 100
List of artists who reached number one in the United States
List of best-selling music artists in the United States
List of best-selling singles
List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones
List of dancers
List of highest-certified music artists in the United States
List of most expensive music videos
List of most-followed Twitter accounts
Time 100
References
Citations
Book sources
Dennis, Steve (2009). Britney: Inside the Dream. HarperCollins. .
Peters, Beth (1999). True Brit: The Story of Singing Sensation Britney Spears. Ballantine Books. .
Scott, Kieran (2001). I was a Mouseketeer!. Disney Press. .
Smith, Sean (2006). Britney: The Unauthorized Biography of Britney Spears. Pan Macmillan. .
Spears, Britney (2001). A Mother's Gift. Delacorte Books for Young Readers. . (with Lynne Spears).
Spears, Britney (2000). Britney Spears' Heart to Heart. Three Rivers Press. . (with Lynne Spears).
Stevens, Amanda (2001). Britney Spears: The Illustrated Story. Billboard Books. .
External links
1981 births
Living people
20th-century American actresses
20th-century American singer-songwriters
20th-century American women singers
21st-century American actresses
21st-century American singer-songwriters
21st-century American women singers
21st-century atheists
American atheists
Actresses from Louisiana
Actresses from Mississippi
American child actresses
American child singers
American dance musicians
American female dancers
American women pop singers
American women singer-songwriters
American film actresses
American sopranos
American stage actresses
American television actresses
American women in business
American women in electronic music
American women philanthropists
Child pop musicians
Dance-pop musicians
Dancers from Louisiana
Dancers from Mississippi
Former Baptists
Former Roman Catholics
Grammy Award winners for dance and electronic music
Innosense members
Jive Records artists
Mouseketeers
MTV Europe Music Award winners
MTV Video Music Award winners
Parklane Academy alumni
Participants in American reality television series
People from Kentwood, Louisiana
People from McComb, Mississippi
Philanthropists from California
Philanthropists from Louisiana
Philanthropists from Mississippi
RCA Records artists
Singer-songwriters from Louisiana
Singer-songwriters from Mississippi
Sony Music artists
Britney
World Music Awards winners |
Complete & Unbelievable: The Otis Redding Dictionary of Soul, or simply Dictionary of Soul, is the fifth studio album by American soul singer-songwriter Otis Redding and his last solo studio album released before his death. The successful Otis Blue and the following performance at Whisky a Go Go led to his rising fame across the United States. The first side of the album mainly contains cover versions, and the second songs mainly written by Redding.
The Otis Redding Dictionary of Soul was released in October 1966 on the Stax label and peaked at number 73 and at number 5 on the Billboard 200 and the R&B LP charts respectively. The album produced two singles, "Fa-Fa-Fa-Fa-Fa (Sad Song)" and "Try a Little Tenderness". In 2000 it was voted number 488 in Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums. In 2012, the album was ranked number 254 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. An expanded version, which includes stereo and mono mixes of the original album, as well as additional tracks, was released in 2016.
Background
The success of Redding's third album, Otis Blue, saw a rearrangement of the Stax company. Producer and co-founder of the American label Stax Records, Phil Walden, signed musicians including Percy Sledge, Johnnie Taylor, Clarence Carter, and Eddie Floyd, and together with Redding they founded the production companies "Jotis Records" (derived from Joe Galkin and Otis), on which only four recordings were released, two by Arthur Conley and one by Billy Young and Loretta Williams, and Redwal Music (derived from Redding and Walden).
Redding decided to perform at the nightclub Whisky a Go Go on the Sunset Strip in front of a predominantly white audience, becoming one of the first soul artists to play in the western United States. His performance received critical acclaim by the press, and musician Bob Dylan offered an alternative track of his hit song "Just Like a Woman" to him, but he declined his proposal. After his performance there he went back to the Stax studios to continue recording new songs. This would be his final solo studio album.
Recording
Dictionary of Soul features the Booker T. & the M.G.'s—organist Booker T. Jones, pianist/guitarist Steve Cropper, bassist Donald "Duck" Dunn, drummer Al Jackson, Jr.—pianist Isaac Hayes, and the Memphis Horns, consisting of tenor saxophonist Joe Arnold, trumpeter Wayne Jackson, tenor saxophonist Andrew Love and baritone saxophonist Floyd Newman.
The album opens with "Fa-Fa-Fa-Fa-Fa (Sad Song)". Derived from the theme of The $64,000 Question, the song was written by Redding and Cropper and its lyrics are about Redding's habit to hum or sing the horn lines. David Porter served as the background singer, singing the "fa-fa-fa-fa-fa" part alongside Redding.
The second single on this album, "Try a Little Tenderness", was written by English songwriter duo Jimmy Campbell, Reg Connelly, and American Tin Pan Alley songwriter Harry M. Woods in the early 30s, but it was not until February 1933 when bandleader and clarinetist Ted Lewis' version became a hit. The first version by a black artist was by Aretha Franklin, who recorded it in 1962 for her The Tender, the Moving, the Swinging Aretha Franklin. Two years later, Sam Cooke recorded it as a part of a medley alongside Tin Pan Alley standard "For Sentimental Reasons" and "You Send Me" on his At The Copa. According to Cropper, Redding listened to the latter two songs but rearranged it with the help of pianist Hayes. Examples of what the latter arranged and introduced were the tree-part, contrapuntal horn line in the first seconds, which was inspired by Cooke's "A Change is Gonna Come" strings, and the cymbal break in the peak, which Hayes later featured on his "Theme from Shaft". The song was recorded on September 13 and released on November 14, 1966, charting at number 25 on the Billboard Hot 100 and at number 4 on the Hot R&B chart. Parts of the song were later mixed in the Grammy Award-winning "Otis" by hip-hop artists Jay-Z and Kanye West. Side one features mainly cover versions, including country standard "Tennessee Waltz" and The Beatles' "Day Tripper", the latter of which was praised for turning "into a swaggering stomper" as opposed to the original.
Side two is mainly composed of Redding songs, the exception being Chuck Willis' "You're Still My Baby" and "Love Have Mercy", co-written by David Porter and Hayes. The Otis Redding Dictionary of Soul was released on October 15, 1966 on the Stax label and peaked at number 73 and at number 5 on the Billboard 200 and the R&B LP charts respectively.
Reception
The Otis Redding Dictionary of Soul received positive critical reception. In a retrospective review Mark Deming of Allmusic gave the album 5 out of 5 stars, stating that it "found the rugged-voiced deep soul singer continuing to expand the boundaries of his style while staying true to his rough and passionate signature sound." He liked "My Lover's Prayer" and "Fa-Fa-Fa-Fa-Fa (Sad Song)", asserting that they were worthy of an Academy Award. The backing bands were for him "thoroughly distinctive and remarkably adaptable, fitting to the nooks and crannies of Redding's voice with their supple but muscular performances." Magazine Rolling Stone rated the album 4 out of 5 stars, stating that Redding "delivers one of his most mature performances, smoky and at times almost langorous" in "Try a Little Tenderness", and the second single is "hard and precise but swinging." In 2009, Daryl Easlea of BBC music gave the album a positive review and stated that Redding was at the "peak of his powers" when he recorded it. One song from the album, "Try a Little Tenderness", was said by Easlea to be Redding's most remembered song after only "(Sittin' on) The Dock of the Bay", which was released posthumously shortly after his death. The album was ranked at number 251 on Rolling Stones The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, 254 in a 2012 revised list, and 448 in a 2020 revised list. It was also included in Robert Christgau's "Basic Record Library" of 1950s and 1960s recordings, published in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981). Critic Jon Landau called it "The finest record ever to come out of Memphis and certainly the best example of modern soul ever recorded."
Cash Box said of the single "Fa-Fa-Fa-Fa-Fa (Sad Song)" that it is "a pulsing, contagious wailer packed with 'soul.'" Cash Box described "My Lover's Prayer" as a "tender, slow-shufflin’ romancer about a head-over-heels in love fella who tells his gal that he will always be there when she needs him."
Track listing
Track listing adapted from Allmusic.
Personnel
Credits adapted from Allmusic.
Otis Redding – vocals
Booker T. Jones – bass guitar, keyboards, vibraphone
Isaac Hayes – keyboards, piano
Steve Cropper – guitar
Donald Dunn – bass guitar
Al Jackson Jr. – drums
Wayne Jackson – trumpet
Gil Caple – tenor saxophone (on "Try a Little Tenderness")
Andrew Love, Joe Arnold – tenor saxophone
Floyd Newman – baritone saxophone
Charts
Album
Singles
References
Bibliography
1966 albums
Otis Redding albums
Volt Records albums
Atco Records albums
Albums produced by Jim Stewart (record producer) |
Campiglia Marittima railway station is an Italian railway station on the Tirrenica railway line. It serves as a junction for the line to Piombino that connects here with the Tirrenica railway.
History
The station opened on 20 October 1863 along with the section of the Tirrenica railway from Livorno to Follonica. On 5 April 1892, the line from here to Piombino was opened. Both these lines have been consistently in operation since then. In 2017, the station was the subject of a heavy refurbishment that raised the height of the platforms and replaced the canopies on all platforms, costing the state 5 million euros.
Lampo, the traveller dog
Lampo was a stray dog that came off a cargo train at Campiglia Marittima in August 1953, and was adopted, despite railway regulations, by the then stationmaster Elvio Barlettani. The dog allegedly learnt the train schedules, so was able to go somewhere and return each day. After a few years, the regional management of the railway ordered the stationmaster to remove the dog. Lampo was put on a cargo train to Naples, but amazingly managed to return. He then went to Barletta, but again returned to Campiglia, where his fame grew. The stationmaster wrote a book entitled Lampo, il cane viaggatore following the dog's death. A statue of Lampo remains on platform 1 of Campiglia station.
Train services and movements
Regular passenger services to the station consist of regionale, regionale veloce, InterCity and Frecciabianca services, which run frequently to Grosseto, Pisa Centrale, Roma Termini, Piombino, Florence SMN, Milano Centrale, Genoa, Torino Porta Nuova and Napoli Centrale.
Gallery
See also
History of rail transport in Italy
List of railway stations in Tuscany
Rail transport in Italy
Railway stations in Italy
Campiglia Marittima-Piombino railway
Tirrenica railway
References
Railway stations in Tuscany
Railway stations in Italy opened in 1863 |
Dakayes is a village in the Fara Department of Balé Province in southern Burkina Faso. The town has a total population of 718.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in the Boucle du Mouhoun Region |
The Twyman–Stokes Teammate of the Year Award is an annual award in the National Basketball Association (NBA) that recognizes the league's "ideal teammate" who exemplifies "selfless play and commitment and dedication to his team." The award is named after Jack Twyman and Maurice Stokes. The two played together on the Rochester/Cincinnati Royals from 1955 to 1958 until Stokes' career was cut short after he suffered a head injury from a fall during a game against the Minneapolis Lakers. Stokes later became paralyzed due to post-traumatic encephalopathy, a brain injury that damages the motor-control center. Twyman then became Stokes' legal guardian and advocate until Stokes died in 1970.
Every year, 12 players, six from each conference, are nominated by a panel of NBA executives. NBA players then cast votes for the award, with ten points given for each first-place vote, seven for a second-place vote, five points for third, three points for fourth, and one point for each fifth-place vote received. The player with the highest point total, regardless of the number of first-place votes, wins the award. The NBA presents the winner with the Twyman–Stokes Trophy and gives a $25,000 donation to a charity of the recipient's choice.
Los Angeles Clippers guard Chauncey Billups was the inaugural winner of the award in 2013. That year, Miami Heat forward Shane Battier finished second and New York Knicks guard Jason Kidd placed third.
Battier then won the award for the 2013–14 season. Al Jefferson came in second and Dirk Nowitzki finished third.
Tim Duncan won the award for the 2014–15 season. Vince Carter came in second and Elton Brand finished third. After coming in at second the previous year, Carter won the award for the 2015–16 season. Nowitzki is the only international player to win the award. The most recent winner is Milwaukee Bucks guard Jrue Holiday, who has won the award two times consecutively and has won three in total.
Winners
See also
List of NBA regular season records
References
External sources
National Basketball Association awards
National Basketball Association lists
Awards established in 2013 |
KGT may refer to:
Kangding Airport, Sichuan Province, China, IATA code
Kilgetty railway station, Pembrokeshire, Wales, code
Kyrgyzstan Time (UTC+06:00) |
Presanella is a mountain in the Adamello-Presanella range of the Italian Alps of northern Italy. Presanella has an elevation of 3,558 meters and is located in the Adamello Brenta National Park within the Trentino province of Italy.
Climbing history
Presanella may have first been climbed by surveyors in 1854. Eduard Pechmann's 1865 Notizen zur Höhen- und Profilkarte has Presanella's height with two digits precision (1878.26 Viennese Klaster or 3,562.1 m), which in this list indicated that a measurement was taken from the summit during the trigonometric survey, which for Presanella was done in 1854. This possible ascent is otherwise unrecorded.
In 1862, the Viennese jurist :de:Anton von Ruthner and the guides Kuenz from Martell and Delpero from Vermiglio ascended the 3043 m Passo di Cercen to the West of Presanella. They attempted the western summit (Cima di Vermiglio, 3458 m), then considered the highest by the people from Vermiglio, but failed to reach the summit, partly because Delpero did not have glacier experience. The first well-recorded ascent was two years later by François Devouassoud accompanied by Delpero and guiding the English gentlemen R. Melville Beachcroft, James Douglas Walker, and Douglas William Freshfield. Like Ruthner, the party approached Presanella from Vermiglio from the North to the Passo di Cercen and then crossed to the 3375 m pass now known as “Sella di Freshfield” and via the upper part of the Vedretta di Nardis over the west slope to the summit. Only three weeks later, on 17 September 1864, the Austrian explorer Julius Payer and his guide Girolamo Botteri stood on the summit, finding there to their surprise and disappointment a cairn built by Freshfield's party. Payer, Botteri and a second guide (either one Bertoldi or Giovanni Caturani, who gave up before the summit) had approached the mountain from the opposite side, starting in the Rocchetta valley, and climbing the Southeast ridge in a storm.
The first people to ascend Presanella over the steep North side were Johann “Kederbacher” Grill and Bonifacio Nicolussi guiding Bruno Wagner and Edward Kratky. On 4 August 1881, over a period of 13 hours, they climbed over the Presanella glacier to the Bocca di Presanella and ascended the Northeast ridge. The first ascent over the 550 m North face was by the Aostan climbers Emilio Brocherel, Ugo Croux and P. Arici in 1906.
See also
List of mountains of the Alps
List of Alpine peaks by prominence
References
External links
"Cima Presanella, Italy" on Peakbagger
Mountains of Trentino
Mountains of the Alps
Alpine three-thousanders |
Douglas Scott Wreden (born January 18, 1991), also known as DougDoug or Gloudas, is an American YouTuber, Twitch streamer, and former Hearthstone caster and producer. He makes gaming videos that revolve around him doing various gaming challenges, often involving the use of artificial intelligence, modifications to games, or giving his Twitch chat heavy control of the game or stream.
Career
Esports
Wreden worked for Electronic Arts as a programmer, before leaving to work on the Hearthstone Championship Tour for ESL under the online alias Gloudas. He then worked for esports organization Tempo Storm and was also a producer for the Hearthstone Trinity Series. In March 2018, he entered Hearthstone "So you think you can cast?" competition.
Streaming
Wreden transitioned to being a Twitch streamer and YouTuber under the name DougDoug. He gained media attention in October 2020 after streaming Grand Theft Auto 5 on Twitch, where he allowed his viewers to input commands in the Twitch chat that affected the game. In January 2022, he garnered more media attention after streaming and completing a Super Mario Odyssey "HUD Challenge" speedrun, wherein compounding heads-up displays (HUDs) appeared on his screen after every five minutes. Although he completed the challenge, he was unable to complete it in under one hour, 11 minutes, and 21 seconds, his personal non-"HUD Challenge" best.
Since August 2019, Wreden has hosted a birthday fundraiser for Rosa, a sea otter at the Monterey Bay Aquarium. Wreden and his community raised over for the aquarium in 2019; $2,600 in 2020; $14,000 in 2021; $104,000 in 2022 and over $302,000 in 2023.
Personal life
Wreden was born on January 18, 1991. He graduated from the University of California, Berkeley with a degree in computer science. He formerly resided in the state of Washington but moved to Los Angeles, California in September 2023. Wreden is the brother of Davey Wreden, the designer of The Stanley Parable and director of The Beginner's Guide.
Awards and nominations
References
External links
Twitch (service) streamers
Living people
1991 births
Esports commentators
American YouTubers
University of California, Berkeley alumni
21st-century American people |
SS Parthia (1870–1956) was an iron-hulled transatlantic ocean liner built for the Cunard Line by William Denny and Brothers in Dumbarton, Scotland. Her sister ships were the and Algeria. Unlike her two sisters, Parthia was smaller, built in a different shipyard and had a slightly different funnel arrangement. The Parthia was retired by Cunard in 1883 and sold to John Elder & Co., who subsequently transferred her to the Guion Line. After serving with the Guion Line and operating on trans-Pacific routes with the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, she was refitted and renamed Victoria.
Under her new owners, the Northern Pacific Steamship Company, Victoria began operating out of Puget Sound in Washington state. In 1898, she was resold to the North American Mail Steamship Company and transferred to American registry. As a result of this, she was used as a troopship in the Spanish–American War, carrying troops to Manila in the Philippines. In 1900, she served with various owners along a route from Puget Sound to Nome, Alaska until she ended up with the Alaska Steamship Company in 1908. Victoria was then operated between San Francisco, California, and Nome, Alaska, via Seattle, Washington. In 1924, the Victoria, now 54 years old, underwent a refit, which added oil-fired boilers, larger superstructure and an enclosed bridge to her superstructure. A 1933 brochure by The Alaska Steamship Company gives the following information. Length: . Breadth: . Displacement: 6,670 tons. Gross: .
In 1934, Victoria inaugurated the first Alaskan cruise for her owners, calling to Nome and Kotzebue in Alaska. In 1935, Victoria was laid up in Seattle for three years and was converted to cargo only in 1940. From 1941 to 1947, the U.S. War Administration used her on 46 voyages to Alaska.
In 1952, she was sold for scrap to Dulien Steel Products, a firm on Lake Washington. Instead, she was converted into a barge and used by the Straits Towing and Salvage Company as the Straits No. 27 until 1956. Later that year she was renamed Straits Maru and scrapped in Osaka.
History
Following the bankruptcy of its rival, the Collins Line, Cunard became the largest shipping company on the North Atlantic. In the late 1860s, Cunard management decided to order a trio of modern liners to hold their yet unchallenged title. The three ships would feature flush decks, an open bridge, three masts with barque-rigged sails and a single funnel. They would also be the first Cunard vessels to utilize bathrooms.
The first two liners, and Algeria, were constructed by J & G Thomson in Glasgow. The third and smallest of the three, Parthia, was to be built at William Denny and Brothers in Dumbarton. On February 2, 1870, the keel of the Parthia was laid. Little more than seven months later on September 10, the Parthias completed hull was launched. Her fitting out was completed a few months later. Her total construction cost was £94,970.
Cunard service
On December 17, 1870, the Parthia embarked on her maiden voyage from Liverpool to New York City. Only able to travel , Parthia was not able to take the Blue Riband, which was held at the time by Cunard's paddle steamer . Nevertheless, Parthias performance was admirable and she quickly became the best vessel in Cunard's fleet and one of the top ocean liners on the Atlantic. Unlike her larger sisters, Abyssinia and Algeria, the Parthia was fitted with more efficient compound steam engines, reducing the space needed to carry coal. The extra space allowed Parthia to carry more freight. Another difference from her two sisters was her slightly thinner funnel.
In 1871, Cunard once again faced competition, when the White Star Line began operations with their new . Oceanic was superior to Parthia in both size and passenger accommodations. Despite this, Parthia continued to hold her own. On 27 February 1872, Parthia collided with the British steamship Nina in the River Mersey. Nina heeled over onto the Spanish steamship Emiliano, severely damaging the latter, which had to be beached at Tranmere, Cheshire. In 1874, Parthia collided with White Star's outside of New York, causing the latter to return to New York for repairs. Parthia however, received very minimal damage. In March 1880, Parthia began towing the partially flooded and damaged barque, Mary A. Marshall, to safety. 36 hours after Parthia began towing her, the Mary A. Marshall sank, but the barque's crew was able to be rescued. In November 1880, Parthia rescued the crew of the sunken James Edwards, after which, Parthias third officer was awarded for his assist in the rescue.
At only nine years old, Parthia had already become an obsolete vessel in a world of rapid progress. Her life with Cunard was wearing thin. On October 27, 1881, Parthia was used as a troopship during the Mahdist War, backing up General Charles George Gordon with his attack on Khartoum. The following year, Parthia ran aground while attempting to avoid a collision with the liner St. Germain.
Guion service
In November 1883, Parthia made her 119th and final crossing for Cunard. After returning to Liverpool, Parthia was laid up. As part of Cunard's larger plans, Parthia was sold to John Elder & Co. in 1884 to help cover part of the cost of the new liners and along with covering part of the cost for purchasing the ex-Guion Line liner . With the larger Umbria, Etruria and Oregon fulfilling Cunard's new ambitions, Sir William Pierce, the owner of John Elder & Co. had a new future in store for the old Parthia. Pierce planned on transferring the Parthia to his other company, the aforementioned Guion Line, for passenger/livestock service from Glasgow to Canada.
To prepare for her new service, the Parthia was re-engined with triple expansion engines and pressure boilers, which nearly cut her coal consumption in half. Shortly before entering her new service, Parthia was once again called for use in the Mahdist War in hopes of saving General Gordon, which ultimately ended in failure. After being returned to her owners, the Guion Line chartered the Parthia to Money Wigram and Company to transport immigrants from Sydney to Yokohama via New York and Suez. After this, she was placed on the Guion Line service from Australia to South America, via the Hebrides.
Transfer to the Pacific
In 1887, the Guion Line chartered Parthia to the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, which used her to inaugurate its new transpacific service, while awaiting the delivery of its new vessels. The transpacific service was intended to link its railroad line to eastern Asia. She arrived in Vancouver, British Columbia on July 4 and began service as a transpacific vessel. After completing 20 voyages for Canadian Pacific between 1887 and 1891, Parthia was returned to the Guion Line. Canadian Pacific had been granted a subsidy agreement with the British government for the construction of three new "Empress" steamers, which would serve as mail ships in peace time and auxiliary cruisers in time of war.
The Guion Line returned Parthia to John Elder & Co., where the ship underwent a massive refit. Following the refit, she only sported two masts and was renamed Victoria. Guion subsequently sold Victoria to the Northern Pacific Steamship Company, which placed Victoria in service between Hong Kong and Tacoma, Washington. After only six years of service with the Northern Pacific Steamship Company, Victoria was sold to the North American Mail Steamship Company and was transferred to the American flag.
In 1899, Victoria was drafted for use as a troopship by the U.S. Government during the Spanish–American War. She made six voyages between the United States and Manila, the Philippines, before being returned to her owners. In 1900, Victoria sailed from the Puget Sound to Nome carrying hundreds of prospectors as part of the Klondike Gold Rush. In 1901, she was re-sold to the Northern Pacific Steamship Company, only to be resold three years later to the Northwestern Steamship Company. Under this new ownership, she permanently entered Alaskan service. Victorias inch-thick wrought-iron hull proved excellent for ice-breaking capabilities. In 1905, Victoria was used as a blockade runner in the Russo–Japanese War, assisting the port of Vladivostok, Russia.
Alaska Steamship Company service
In 1908, the Northwestern Steamship Company was purchased by the Seattle-based Alaska Steamship Company. Now at an age of 38 years, Victoria was still deemed an important vessel by her new owners. Victoria was re-routed to serve between Nome and San Francisco, California, via Seattle. In 1910, the Victoria almost ran aground at Cape Hinchinbrook, Alaska, where the steamer had met her end only four years earlier.
During World War I, Victoria carried large quantities of cargo in transpacific service, earning her owners sizeable profits. Using the excess money earned during the war, Victoria underwent a major refit in 1924. The superstructure was increased and heightened, she was given extra decks, the bridge was closed off from the elements and she was re-engined and re-boilered to burn oil rather than coal. Despite being 54 years old, the Victoria emerged as a brand new looking ship. In 1927, Victorias engine blew a cylinder cover, forcing her to be towed to Akutan, Alaska by a U.S. Coast Guard cutter. In 1934, Victoria embarked on the first Alaskan cruise operated by the Alaska Steamship Company. She called to the ports of Nome and Kotzebue and sailed to an Arctic ice cap within four miles of Wrangell Island in Siberia.
Final years
In 1935, time began running out for the Victoria. She spent three years being laid up in Lake Union, due to increased safety and fire precautions laid forth by the U.S. Government. After resuming passenger service briefly for two more years, Victoria was converted into a cargo-only vessel in 1940. When the United States got involved in World War II, Victoria was chartered by the U.S. federal government's War Shipping Administration between 1942 and 1947. Victoria completed 46 voyages to Alaska. When she was returned to the Alaska Steamship Company, her hull was found to be in remarkable shape. In 1950, Victorias bell was returned to the Cunard Line, for use on their new passenger/cargo liner, the second . The Victoria continued to serve with the Alaska Steamship Company until 1952. At this point, she had been serving for almost 80 years.
Victoria was sold to Dulien Steel Products for demolition in 1954 and she was laid up in Houghton, Washington. Realising her value, Dulien Steel instead sold her to the Straits Towing and Salvage Company of Vancouver in 1955. She was converted into a lumber carrying barge named Straits No. 27. The next year, she was sold to Japanese shipbreakers and renamed Straits Maru for her final voyage. She was towed to Osaka by the tugboat Sudbury and finally scrapped.
See also
List of ships built by William Denny and Brothers
– a passenger liner on the Pacific Coast that also reached an unusually old age
References
External links
- The Great Ocean Liners - A detailed article explaining the history of the SS Parthia.
Parthia I (UK) - Ships Named Parthia or Parthian - An article which summarizes the long history of the SS Parthia.
1870 ships
History of Vancouver
Ships of CP Ships
Ships of the Cunard Line
Steamships of Canada
Steamships of the United Kingdom
Steamships of the United States
Victorian-era passenger ships
Passenger ships of the United States
Ocean liners of Canada |
Camponotus schaefferi is a species of ant in the family Formicidae.
References
Further reading
schaefferi
Articles created by Qbugbot
Insects described in 1909 |
First Tower Trustees Ltd v CDS (Superstores International) Ltd [2018] EWCA Civ 1396 is an English contract law case, concerning the Misrepresentation Act 1967.
Facts
CDS Ltd claimed that clause 5.8 of its lease agreement with FTT Ltd was unfair. This said it did not rely on any representation by FTT Ltd. Before the contract, FTT said it was unaware of any environmental problems on the property, yet it was in fact aware of asbestos contamination in the warehouse, and that needed remedial work.
The Judge found the lease was entered based on the landlord's misrepresentation, and clause 5.8 attempted to exclude liability for misrepresentation, but was unreasonable under the Misrepresentation Act 1967 section 3 and the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 section 11. Their liability was not limited to the extent of the trust's assets.
Judgment
Lewison LJ held that it was wrong to suggest that a contractual estoppel (where parties bound to accept something even if they knew it to be untrue) was an answer to a claim under the Misrepresentation Act 1967 section 3, or that a non-reliance clause was immune from scrutiny (disapproving two High Court cases, Thornbridge [2015] EWHC 3430 (QB) and Sears [2016] EWHC 433 (Ch)). MA 1967 section 3 had to be interpreted according to the policy of preventing escape from liability unless it was reasonable. However, when a non-consumer contract simply described a party's primary obligation, this was a ‘basis clause’ and there was no question of applying the reasonableness test. Clause 5.8 was not reasonable. The judge rightly stressed that pre-contract enquiries were important in conveyancing. There could be an exceptional case where a clause precluding reliance on replies could satisfy the reasonableness test, but it would be hard to imagine what that was. The landlord's liability was not limited to the extent of the trust fund. The lease contract stated the landlord only contracted as a trustee, and that limited liability in contract, but not in tort or damages payable under MA 1967 s 2.
Leggatt LJ and Sir Colin Rimer agreed.
See also
English contract law
Notes
English contract case law |
Tyler Justus Paige (born 1 September 1995) is an American competitive sailor. He competed in the 2020 Summer Olympics in the Men's Two Person Dinghy - 470 for American Samoa, placing 18th.
Paige is from New York City and attended high school at the Packer Collegiate Institute in Brooklyn. He was educated at Tufts University in Medford, Massachusetts, graduating with a degree in mechanical engineering. He worked as an engineer with Dale Earnhardt Jr.'s NASCAR Xfinity team JR Motorsports while he was in the Olympics. He is currently an Engineer at Honeywell.
Paige sailed as a child, initially in the 420-class, before moving to 470-class sailing in 2016. He represented the United States at the 2018 Junior 470 World Championships in Bracciano, Italy. He switched nationalities to American Samoa in 2019. In 2020 he and Adrian Hoesch qualified for the Tokyo 2020 Olympics for American Samoa at Sail Melbourne.
References
External links
1995 births
Living people
American Samoan male sailors (sport)
Olympic sailors for American Samoa
Sailors at the 2020 Summer Olympics – 470
Tufts University School of Engineering alumni |
Hypercompe kennedyi is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Walter Rothschild in 1910. It is found in Minas Gerais, Brazil.
References
Hypercompe
Moths described in 1910 |
Charles Arthur Hayes (February 17, 1918 – April 8, 1997) was an American politician who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Illinois's 1st congressional district, from 1983 to 1993.
Early life
Hayes was born in Cairo, Illinois, and graduated from Cairo's Sumner High School in 1935. He was a trade unionist from 1938 to 1983 and served as vice president of the United Food and Commercial Workers Union.
Career
Hayes was a resident of Chicago for most of his adult life. Hayes was also prolific union man for 45 years. In the 1950s, he raised funds for Martin Luther King Jr.'s voter registration drive in the South. He was a civil rights leader who worked closely with King in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference during the 1960s. Later, he was one of major labor leaders arrested during the 1980s anti-apartheid protests that eventually won the freedom of Nelson Mandela. Congressman Hayes was the CBTU's first executive vice president, serving until 1986.
Hayes was elected as a Democrat to the 98th United States Congress by a special election held on August 23, 1983, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Harold Washington, who had been elected mayor of Chicago. While a representative, Hayes was on the Committee on Education and Labor and Small Business Committee. He was most noted for pieces of legislation to encourage school dropouts to re-enter and complete their education.
His candidacy for renomination in 1992 to the 103rd United States Congress was unsuccessful, as he was defeated in the Democratic primary by Bobby Rush, partly due to the House banking scandal.
Hayes was also one of the founding members of Rainbow/PUSH, along with Jesse Jackson.
Death
Hayes died from complications of lung cancer at the age of 79. Then-Congressman Jesse Jackson Jr. spoke at Hayes' funeral.
Electoral history
See also
List of African-American United States representatives
References
External links
The Political Graveyard - Entry
Biography from the Coalition of Black Trade Unionists
Charles Hayes Biography from The HistoryMakers
1918 births
1997 deaths
African-American people in Illinois politics
American trade union leaders
Politicians from Chicago
African-American members of the United States House of Representatives
Deaths from lung cancer
People from Cairo, Illinois
Deaths from cancer in Illinois
United Food and Commercial Workers people
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois
20th-century American politicians
Trade unionists from Illinois
African-American trade unionists
20th-century African-American politicians
African-American men in politics
Coalition of Black Trade Unionists people |
Gustavo Javier Alles Vila (born 9 April 1989) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as a forward for Ecuadorian club Gualaceo.
Career
Alles came through the youth levels of Defensor Sporting, but never played for the first team. In early 2011, he signed a one-year loan with Racing, where he played 10 matches in the Uruguayan Primera División.
On 26 August 2014, he scored a goal against Paraguayan side Cerro Porteño in the 2014 Copa Sudamericana, which was the first goal ever for Rentistas in an international competition.
In July 2013, Alles signed with Liverpool Montevideo.
On 2 February 2015, he signed on loan with Turkish side Adana Demirspor.
References
External links
1989 births
Living people
Uruguayan men's footballers
Footballers from Montevideo
Men's association football forwards
Defensor Sporting players
Racing Club de Montevideo players
C.A. Progreso players
Liverpool F.C. (Montevideo) players
C.A. Rentistas players
Adana Demirspor footballers
Juventud de Las Piedras players
Sport Rosario footballers
CD Atlético Baleares footballers
C.D. Cuenca footballers
Uruguayan Primera División players
Uruguayan Segunda División players
TFF First League players
Peruvian Primera División players
Segunda División B players
Ecuadorian Serie A players
Uruguayan expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey
Uruguayan expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Expatriate men's footballers in Peru
Uruguayan expatriate sportspeople in Peru
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Uruguayan expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in Ecuador
Uruguayan expatriate sportspeople in Ecuador |
Charles Kwamina Tachie is a Ghanaian politician and was the member of parliament for the Tarkwa constituency in the 1st parliament of the 2nd republic of Ghana.
Early life and education
Tachie was born in 1920. He attended the Tarkwa Roman Catholic School.
Career
Tachie worked as a Works Superintendent. He was also a businessman.
Politics
Tachie was elected as the member of parliament to represent the Tarkwa constituency in the 1st parliament of the 2nd republic of Ghana. He was elected during the 1969 Ghanaian parliamentary election.
1969 Elections
Tachie was elected with 4,197 votes out of 8,477 total valid votes cast. He was elected on the ticket of the Progress Party. He was elected over Rowland Atta Kesson of the National Alliance of Liberals and Christian Buah Olivet-Ackim of the People's Action Party. These obtained 1,155 and 3,125 respectively of the total valid votes cast.
Personal life
Tachie is a Christian.
References
Possibly living people
1920 births
Ghanaian businesspeople
Ghanaian MPs 1969–1972
Progress Party (Ghana) politicians |
William Andrew Paton is an American former tennis player of the 1940s and 1950s.
Paton, a native of Michigan, took the name of his father, noted accountancy scholar William Andrew Paton.
A collegiate player for the University of Michigan, Paton's tour performances include a Western Indoor Championship title win in 1949 and two singles third round appearances at the U.S. National Championships. In 1954 he reached the second round of the Wimbledon Championships, where he took the 10th seeded Kurt Nielsen to five sets.
References
External links
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American male tennis players
Michigan Wolverines men's tennis players
Tennis people from Michigan
20th-century American people |
Bush Tetras are an American post-punk No Wave band from New York City, formed in 1979. They are best known for the 1980 song "Too Many Creeps", which exemplified the band's sound of "jagged rhythms, slicing guitars, and sniping vocals". Although they did not achieve mainstream success, the Bush Tetras were influential and popular in the Manhattan club scene and college radio in the early 1980s. New York's post-punk revival of the 2000s was accompanied by a resurgence of interest in the genre, with the Tetras' influence heard in many of that scene's bands.
History
Formation, name, and early years
The Bush Tetras formed in 1979, and soon solidified with a lineup of Cynthia Sley (vocals), Pat Place (guitar), Laura Kennedy (bass) and Dee Pop (drums); vocalist Adele Bertei and guitarist Jimmy Joe Uliana were brief early members. Place had previously been the original guitarist and a founding member of the no wave band the Contortions, though the Tetras sound was less frantic and disjointed, and she had also appeared in some of Vivienne Dick's movies.
The band was named after a tiny African primate the band found very cute called "bush babies", and a kind of fish the band liked called a "neon tetra" (taking one word from each of those names). The band thought the name sounded "tribal".
The band's debut 7-inch EP, "Too Many Creeps", was released in 1980 on 99 Records. It reached No. 57 on the Billboard club play chart. The follow-up, "Things That Go Boom in the Night", was issued in 1981 by Fetish Records, hitting No. 43 on the UK Indie Chart. The Rituals 12-inch EP, produced by Topper Headon of the Clash and including the popular "Can't Be Funky", was released in 1981 by Fetish in the UK and by Stiff Records in the U.S. It reached No. 32 on the Billboard club chart.
Two live tracks (a cover of John Lennon's "Cold Turkey" and "Punch Drunk") appeared on the 1981 Stiff Records compilation Start Swimming, documenting a one-night showcase of New York bands (also including the Bongos, the Raybeats and the dBs) at the Rainbow in London on February 20, 1981. Another live release, the cassette-only Wild Things (1983), was issued by ROIR.
Kennedy and Pop left in 1983, replaced briefly by bassist Bob Albertson and drummer Don Christensen, but the band soon broke up. ROIR issued a posthumous cassette-only collection, Better Late Than Never (Original Studio Recordings 1980-1983) in 1989.
In the 1984 Kiki Smith/Ellen Cooper film Cave Girls, Bush Tetras music plays over long passages of out of focus, foggy, visually noisy, action.
Reunions
The original line-up of Bush Tetras reformed in 1995 and released the album Beauty Lies in 1997. Two other compilations were also issued, a CD version of Better Late Than Never retitled Boom in the Night (Original Studio Recordings 1980-1983) in 1995, and Tetrafied: Previously Released Recordings in 1996.
In 1997, Kennedy departed again and was replaced as bassist by Julia Murphy. In 1998, they recorded an album with producer Don Fleming for Mercury Records, titled Happy, but it was shelved when Mercury was sold (the album was finally released in 2012 by ROIR).
In 2005, the band resumed performing in New York City, and toured Europe in summer 2006.
Original bassist Kennedy died on November 14, 2011, after a long battle with liver disease.
In February 2013, Cindy Rickmond (formerly of Cheap Perfume, Grayson Hugh, Church of Betty and Unknown Gender) briefly replaced Murphy as the band's bassist.
In early 2016, Val Opielski (formerly of Krakatoa, Walking Hellos, PSXO and 1000 Yard Stare) joined the group on bass.
In 2018, they released an EP, Take the Fall, on Wharf Cat Records.Then, in 2019, they released a 7-inch single, "There Is a Hum", on Thirdman Records.
Drummer Dee Pop died on October 9, 2021. In November 2021, a career-spanning boxed set titled Rhythm and Paranoia: the Best of the Bush Tetras was released, along with a booklet with contributions by Topper Headon of The Clash and Thurston Moore of Sonic Youth. A performance at New York's Le Poisson Rouge accompanied the release, with "Too Many Creeps" producer Don Christensen replacing Dee Pop on drums, and new bassist RB Korbet playing with the band in front of a live audience for the first time.
In March 2022 the Bush Tetras performed at a Dee Pop memorial show at NYC's Bowery Electric. Steve Shelley of Sonic Youth filled in on drums.
On April 5, 2023, it was announced the Cait O'Riordan had joined the band on bass.
Other projects
After the band's initial breakup, Sley joined up with Ivan Julian of Richard Hell and the Voidoids to form Lovelies. They put out one percussive post-punk album, Mad Orphan (109 Records), in 1988. In 2008, she formed Command V with Pat Irwin (of the Raybeats and the B-52s), and Rachel Dengiz. They released a self-titled album in 2012 on Mush Records.
Drummer Dee Pop also performed with improvisational jazz groups Radio I-Ching and Freedomland, and has performed or recorded with rock-oriented bands and artists including Floor Kiss, Immaculate Hearts, the Shams, Black Flies, John Sinclair, Jayne County, the Amazing Cherubs, Fur, Michael Karoli (Can), Richard Lloyd, James Chance, the Slits, Odetta, Gary Lucas, Bobby Radcliff, Patti Palladin, Darlene Love, Andy Shernoff, the Waldos, Nona Hendryx, Band of Outsiders, Lenny Kaye, Jahn Xavier and the Gun Club. He also performed with jazz musicians Eddie Gale, Roy Campbell Jr., Marc Ribot, Mark Helias, Dick Griffin, Billy Bang, Borah Bergman and Hanuman Sextet.
Pat Place also played with Maggie Estep's I Love Everybody and Joey's Oscar in the 90s; at one time, she was a member of James Chance and the Contortions, playing steel guitar and featuring on the Brian Eno-produced No New York as one of four bands in the initial New York no wave scene.
Discography
Studio albums
Beauty Lies (1997, Polygram Records)
Very Very Happy (2007, ROIR)
Happy (2012, ROIR)
They Live in My Head (2023, Wharf Cat Records)
Singles and EPs
"Too Many Creeps" 7-inch EP (1980, 99 Records) #57 Billboard Dance Club Songs
"Things That Go Boom in the Night" 7-inch single (1981, Fetish Records) #43 UK Indie Chart
"Can't Be Funky" 7-inch single (1981, Fetish Records)
Rituals 12-inch EP (1981, Fetish Records/Stiff Records) #32 Billboard Dance Club Songs
"Page 18" 12-inch single (1996, Tim/Kerr Records)
"Too Many Creeps" 7-inch single (2011, ROIR)
"Take the Fall" EP (2018, Wharf Cat Records)
"There is a Hum" 7” (2019, Thirdman Records)
Live albums
Wild Things cassette-only (1983, ROIR)
Compilation albums
Better Late Than Never (Original Studio Recordings 1980-1983) cassette-only (1989, ROIR)
Boom in the Night (Original Studio Recordings 1980-1983) (1995, ROIR)
Tetrafied: Previously Released Recordings (1996, Thirsty Ear)
Rhythm and Paranoia: The Best of Bush Tetras (2021, Wharf Cat Records)
Compilation appearances
"Cold Turkey" (John Lennon cover) and "Punch Drunk" on Start Swimming (1981, Stiff Records)
"Das Ah Riot" on The Last Testament (1983, Fetish Records)
"Rituals" on New York Rockers (1989, ROIR)
"Too Many Creeps" on Totally Wired (1995, Razor & Tie)
"Cowboys in Africa" on I [Heart] New York Punk! (1995, free with Mojo issue 144)
"Sister Midnight" (Iggy Pop cover) on We Will Fall: The Iggy Pop Tribute (1997, Royalty Records)
"Too Many Creeps" on New Wave Dance Hits of the '80s: Just Can't Get Enough (1997, Rhino Records)
"Too Many Creeps" on Rough Trade Shops - Post Punk 01 (2003, Mute Records)
"Can't Be Funky" on New York Noise (Dance Music from the New York Underground 1978-1982) (2003, Soul Jazz Records)
"Too Many Creeps" on The Definitive Story of CBGB (The Home of U.S. Punk) (2006, Salvo)
"Punch Drunk" on So Indie It Hurts: Roir Rocks Volume One (2008, ROIR)
"Too Many Creeps" on Death Disco (Mojo Presents a Compendium of Post-Punk Grooves) (2014, free with Mojo issue 246)
Members
Current
Cynthia Sley – vocals (1979–1983, 1995–1998, 2005–present)
Pat Place – guitar (1979–1983, 1995–1998, 2005–present)
Steve Shelley – drums (2022–present) -
Cait O'Riordan – bass (2023-present)
Former
Laura Kennedy – bass (1979–1983, 1995–1997) (died 2011)
Jimmy Joe Uliana – guitar (1979)
Adele Bertei – vocals (1979)
Bob Albertson – bass (1983)
Julia Murphy – bass (1997–2013, 2015)
Cindy Rickmond – bass (2013)
Val Opielski – bass (2015-2020)
Dee Pop – drums (1979–1983, 1995–1998, 2005–2021) (died 2021)
Don Christensen – drums (1983), (2021-2022)
R.B. Korbet – bass (2022)
References
External links
Too Many Creeps music video
PUNKCAST#1076 Live video from Knitting Factory NYC
Photos of the Bush Tetras at the New York No Wave Photo Archive
thisisoffset Photos, videos and biog of the Bush Tetras
1979 establishments in New York City
Musical groups from New York City
American post-punk music groups
No wave groups
ROIR artists
Musical groups established in 1979 |
Parasa viridiflamma is a moth of the family Limacodidae. It is found in Taiwan. The habitat consists of mid-elevation mountain areas (altitudes ranging from 1,400 to 2,610 meters).
The wingspan is 23–24 mm for males and about 26 mm for females. The forewing ground colour is chestnut with a median large green patch delimited externally by a white line which is in turn is lined by a brown border. All these pattern elements are strongly incurved between the cubitals and anal veins, but less so towards the termen. The hindwings are chestnut. Adults have been recorded on wing in May and from mid-June to late August possibly in one generation per year.
Etymology
The species name refers to the flame-shaped green median patch on the forewing and is derived from viridis (meaning green) and flamma (meaning flame).
References
Moths described in 2013
Limacodidae
Moths of Taiwan |
The Singing Outlaw is a 1938 American "B" movie Western film directed by Joseph H. Lewis and starring Bob Baker as a singing cowboy.
Production
The film was the third that Lewis had directed, after Navy Spy (1937), which he co-directed with Crane Wilbur and Courage of the West.
This was the second of four films in which Fuzzy Knight played the comic sidekick to Universal's new singing cowboy, Bob Baker.
Synopsis
A singing outlaw named Cueball and a U.S. Marshal kill each other in a shoot-out.
A bystander (Baker) decides to take over the Marshall's identity.
To trap the local outlaw gang he pretends to be Cueball.
He finds himself struggling to stop the cattle rustlers and win the love of the daughter of a rancher (Joan Barclay).
Things get complicated when a sheriff captures him with the gang, and he nearly gets hanged before it is proved that he is not Cueball.
Reception
A reviewer said, "The second of Baker's outings as a singing cowboy is notable for Miller's exceptional camera work and Lewis' emphatic direction."
Notes and references
Citations
Sources
External links
1938 films
1938 Western (genre) films
Universal Pictures films
Films directed by Joseph H. Lewis
American Western (genre) films
American black-and-white films
1930s American films |
The United National Heavyweight Championship (often shortened to UN Championship) was a professional wrestling title in the Japanese promotion Pro Wrestling Zero1. It is one of ZERO1's top two singles titles, along with the Zero1 World Heavyweight Championship. The UN title was created on January 31, 2004, when Masato Tanaka defeated Steve Corino in an Indian strap match, wrestling as Masa Tanaka. It was founded at a time when Zero1 was a member of the National Wrestling Alliance; since the two organizations' parting in late 2004, the NWA does not recognize or sanction it, though it retains the NWA initials. There have been a total of 26 recognized champions who have had a combined 32 official reigns. The title was revived by NWA Pro Wrestling in January 2011. NWA began recognizing title and sanctioning title matches in January 2011 after Zero1 was reinstated as a member of NWA. NWA stopped sanctioning the title after Zero1 left the NWA again in 2011.
Title history
Combined reigns
As of , .
See also
List of National Wrestling Alliance championships
IWGP United States Championship
IWGP Intercontinental Championship
PWF World Asia Heavyweight Championship
PWF Gaora Television Heavyweight Championship
GHC National Championship
References
External links
ZEROONEUSA.com title history
Wrestling-Titles.com title history
TitleHistories.com title history
Pro Wrestling Zero1 championships
Heavyweight wrestling championships
National Wrestling Alliance championships
National professional wrestling championships |
```ruby
# frozen_string_literal: true
class RenameBudgetToBudgetAmmount < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.2]
def change
rename_column :decidim_budgets_projects, :budget, :budget_amount
end
end
``` |
This is a list of television programs formerly broadcast by the U.S. cable television channel G4.
Second iteration
Final programming
Original
Xplay (2004–2013; 2013–2014 (reruns); 2021–2022)
Attack of the Show! (2005–2013; 2021–2022)
Invitation to Party (2021–2022)
Ninja Warrior (Sasuke and Kunoichi) (2006–2012, 2021–2022 (reruns))
Unbeatable Banzuke (2008–2010; 2021–2022 (reruns))
G4 Vault (2021–2022)
G4's Crash Course (2021–2022)
G4 Specials (2002–2012; 2021–2022)
Scott the Woz (2021–2022)
Name Your Price (2022)
G4 Gameday LCS (2022)
Arena (2002–2005; 2022)
Hey, Donna! (2022)
God of Work (2022)
Acquired
Starcade (2002–2004; 2021-2022)
Takeshi's Castle Thailand (2021-2022)
Viva La Dirt League (2022)
Smosh (2022)
Former programming
Original
Boosted (February–July 2021 (YouTube-exclusive); 2021–2022 (TV))
Original iteration
Former programming
Original
Blister (2002–2004)
Cheat! (2002–2009)
Cinematech (2002–2007)
Filter (2002–2006)
G4tv.com (2002–2005)
Game Makers (2002–2005)
Game On (2002–2004)
Icons (2002–2007)
Judgment Day (2002–2006)
Players (2002–2004)
Portal (2002–2004)
Pulse (2002–2004)
Sweat (2003–2005)
The Electric Playground (2003–2006)
Eye Drops (2004)
Fresh Gear (2004)
Future Fighting Machines (2004–2005)
G4 Sports (2004–2005)
Invent This! (2004; reruns)
Nerd Nation (2004; reruns)
The Screen Savers (2004–2005)
Unscrewed with Martin Sargent (2004–2005)
Cinematech: Nocturnal Emissions (2005–2007)
Formula D (2005–2006)
G4's Late Night Peepshow (2005–2006)
G4's Training Camp (2005–2006)
Street Fury (2005–2006)
Video Game Vixens (2005)
Wired For Sex (2006–2008)
The Block (2007–2008)
Boost Mobile MLG Pro Circuit (2007)
Code Monkeys (2007–2008)
Free Stuff (2007)
Whacked Out Videos (2007–2009)
Human Wrecking Balls (2008–2010; 2014; reruns)
Hurl! (2008)
Spaceballs: The Animated Series (2008)
2 Months 2 Million (2009; 2014; reruns)
American Ninja Warrior (2009–2013)
Campus PD (2009–2012; 2012–2014; reruns)
G4 Underground (2009)
The International Sexy Ladies Show (2009–2010)
Web Soup (2009–2011; 2014; reruns)
It's Effin' Science (2010; 2014; reruns)
Rated 'A' for Adult (2010–2011)
That's Tough (2010; 2014; reruns)
Bomb Patrol Afghanistan (2011–2013)
G4's Proving Ground (2011; 2014; reruns)
Jump City: Seattle (2011)
Top 100 Video Games of All Time (2012 TV special)
Acquired
10 Play (2003–2004)
Game Gods (2003–2004)
Gamer.tv (2003–2004)
Game Sauce (2003–2004)
Hi-Score (2003–2004)
Body Hits (2004)
Robot Wars (2004–2006)
Thunderbirds (2004)
Call for Help (2005–2006)
The Man Show (2005–2007)
Brainiac: Science Abuse (2005–2008)
Fastlane (2005)
Happy Tree Friends (2005–2007)
Star Trek (2005–2006)
Star Trek: The Next Generation (2005–2006)
Arrested Development (2006–2009)
Banzai (2006–2007)
Cheaters (2006–2012)
Cops (2006–2014)
The Jamie Kennedy Experiment (2006–2008)
Super Big Product Fun Show (2007–2008)
Totally Outrageous Behavior (2007–2010)
Freaky (2008)
Heroes (2008–2010, 2012–2014)
The Peter Serafinowicz Show (2008–2009)
Trigger Happy TV (2008–2009)
Lost (2009–2010, 2012–2014)
The Chaser's War on Everything (2009–2010)
Viper's Creed (2009)
Blade (2011)
Iron Man (2011–2014)
Quantum Leap (2011–2012, 2013)
Wolverine (2011–2014)
X-Men (2011–2014)
Knight Rider (2012–2013)
Street Patrol (2012–2013)
Tremors: The Series (2012)
Airwolf (2013)
Voyagers! (2013)
Programming blocks
Expansion Pack (2002–2003)
G4 Global Gamer (2003–2004)
Real Time (2003–2005)
Anime Unleashed (2004–2006) (originated on TechTV and later moved to G4techTV when the channel merged with G4)
G-Spot (2004–2005)
The Whip Set (2005)
Barbed Wire Biscuit (2005–2006)
Action Blast! (2006–2007)
Duty Free TV (2006–2010)
G4 Rewind (2008–2009)
Junk Food TV (2009–2010)
Movie presentations
Movies That Don't Suck (2008–2012; films were unbranded after 2012)
Annual event specials
Comic-Con International
Consumer Electronics Show
E3
X-Play All Access
BlizzCon
D.I.C.E. Summit
Game Developers Conference
Gamescom
Interactive Achievement Awards
Penny Arcade Expo
QuakeCon
Tokyo Game Show
Web shows
Former
Feedback
Fighting Words
First 15
Fresh Ink Online
Sessler's Soapbox
Talkabouts
Happy Tree Friends
The MMO Report (2007–2012)
The Electric Playground
Current
Facecheck Podcast (G4 Esports)
Fresh Ink
Full Screen Attack
Saints & Sinners Podcast (G4 Esports)
Sessler's Soapbox
The Feedback w/ Fiona Nova
Xplay Kickback
G-Spot shorts
Most of these interstitial programs are AOTS and X-Play segments that aired outside the programs during some commercial breaks prior to May 20, 2012.
Epic Fail - A segment showing viral videos of spectacular fails.
The Feed - An AOTS host would give top stories in the gaming, tech, TV, and movie industry.
Filter - In this condensed version, a host would give Top 3 lists, such as the Top 3 Video Gaming Vixens.
G4 Urban Dictionary
Game Break - News and views on the latest in the world of video games, as presented by the experts that rate them.
Indie Games - Hosted by Kevin Pereira, this segment shows the latest independently-made video games.
Morgan Minute - Hosted by Morgan Webb, this segment shows the latest games designed specifically for women.
Tech Alert - This segment shows the latest and cool gadgets. These are rated on a scale of 1-5.
We've Got Questions, You've Got Answers - The staff of G4 posts a question, and viewers take to their webcams for their responses.
References
G4 |
Andre Dyson (born May 25, 1979) is a former American football cornerback. He was drafted by the Tennessee Titans in the second round of the 2001 NFL Draft. He played college football at Utah.
Early years
Andre Dyson was born on May 25, 1979, in Las Vegas, Nevada. He grew up most of his life in Clinton, Utah, and attended West Clinton Elementary School. He also attended Syracuse Junior High School, and Clearfield High School. While attending Clearfield, Dyson lettered in football, soccer, and basketball. In football, as a senior, he was named the team's Defensive Most Valuable Player, and was an All-Region selection, an All-Area selection, and an All-State selection. In soccer, he was a second-team All-State selection.
Professional career
Dyson received the NFC defensive player of the week in 2005 for his performance on Monday Night Football in week 13. Dyson returned both an interception (72 yards) and fumble (25 yards) for touchdowns in a 42-0 Seattle Seahawks win against the Philadelphia Eagles on December 5, 2005. On February 26, 2008, the New York Jets released him.
Coaching
Dyson coaches cornerbacks at Weber State, in Ogden, Utah. coached football at Clearfield High School in Clearfield, Utah.
Personal
Dyson is the younger brother of former NFL wide receiver and Titans teammate Kevin Dyson. They were the first brothers in NFL history to score touchdowns in the same game.
References
External links
New York Jets bio
Weber State Bio
1979 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Logan, Utah
African-American players of American football
American football cornerbacks
Utah Utes football players
Tennessee Titans players
Seattle Seahawks players
New York Jets players
People from Davis County, Utah
Sportspeople from the Salt Lake City metropolitan area
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American sportspeople |
James R. Needles (March 3, 1900 – July 22, 1969) was an American basketball coach best known for being the United States' first Olympic basketball coach in 1936.
Born in Tacoma, Washington in 1900, Needles studied at the University of San Francisco, then known as St. Ignatius College. Needles played basketball for the then-Grey Fog, becoming a player-coach during his senior year in 1924. He was appointed the basketball team's full-time coach upon his graduation. Needles coached Saint Ignatius College to two championships, capturing the Far Western Conference championship in 1928 and the Pacific Association title in 1929.
Needles also coached Saint Ignatius' football team during this period, leading them to a runner-up spot in the 1928 Far Western Regionals.
Illness forced Needles to resign from Saint Ignatius College in 1932, but he began coaching Amateur Athletic Union basketball soon afterwards. Needles coached the Universal Pictures team to the AAU championship finals, and as a result, he was appointed as head coach of the U.S.'s first team at the Olympic basketball team, which competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany.
Following the Berlin Olympics, Needles returned to the college ranks, this time at Loyola of Los Angeles, where he mentored future coaches Pete Newell, Phil Woolpert and future Loyola coach Edwin "Scotty" McDonald. He returned to the University of San Francisco in 1941 as its athletic director and was instrumental in Newell's appointment as head basketball coach in 1946.
Needles died at his home, in San Francisco, on July 22, 1969.
References
1900 births
1969 deaths
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Olympic coaches for the United States
Basketball coaches from Washington (state)
Basketball players from Tacoma, Washington
Loyola Marymount Lions men's basketball coaches
San Francisco Dons athletic directors
San Francisco Dons football coaches
San Francisco Dons men's basketball coaches
San Francisco Dons men's basketball players
United States men's national basketball team coaches |
Lonnie Hanzon (born September 1, 1959) is a Colorado-based installation artist and television personality, best known for designing the gateway sculpture Evolution of the Ball at Coors Field in Denver, Colorado. His work includes outdoor urban entertainment projects that extend across many acres, and immersive visual merchandising displays.
Career
Hanzon was raised in Pine, Colorado. Immediately after completing high school he performed as a singer, dancer and magician between 1974 and 1981.
A largely self-educated artist, he made his own costumes and sets. He later transitioned into design when other performers such as Paratakeori, Foan Family Circus, the Berg & Prince Mime Company, among others began requesting costumes. He started designing store interiors and window dressings in 1981, and high fashion jewelry in 1982. In 2010 he won first place in the Paper Fashion Show put on by the The One Club For Creativity Denver (Formerly Art Directors Club of Denver).
Lanzon's window dressings garnered local, and then national attention, and led to commissions for increasingly larger and more complex interior and exterior commercial design projects and installations. His Christmas window display 12/25: A Holiday Store in Omaha in 1987 was the first for which retailers were compelled to charge admission to control crowds. He uses a variety of materials including "fabric, steel, glass, sugar, paint, foam, music, water, and electricity".
Hanzon went on to design major public works and commissioned displays throughout the 90s to the present, including installations in Hong Kong where he did the Christmas decorations for a mall that measured . At the time it was the largest such holiday installation in Hong Kong's history. He also did work in Houston, Dallas, Las Vegas, and, most frequently, in Colorado. In addition to his "Evolution of the Ball" display at Coors Field, Hanzon has produced other installations throughout Colorado including at the Red Rocks Community College, Kenneth King Performing Arts Center, Denver Botanic Gardens, and Olde Town Arvada.
Hanzon directed and designed the revitalization and renovation of Denver's downtown holiday scene between 1998 and 2000. He installed displays on the mile-long Pedestrian Mall in historic Larimer Square and Union Station, and around Lower Downtown. He held the title of wizard in residence and creative director at the Museum of Outdoor Arts during which time he designed the Hudson Holiday display at the Hudson Gardens and Events Center in Littleton in 2009 and 2010. Hanzon also rebuilt the annual Parade of Lights in Denver, giving new life to thirteen electrical floats and hundreds of costumed paraders. His projects emphasize storytelling through interactive art and multi-media.
Film and television
Hanzon worked with LucasArts Attractions, a division of LucasFilm, from 1990 to 1991 as Lead Show Producer, where he worked on the re-development concept for 42nd Street and Times Square as well as entertainment projects in Hawaii, Japan, Houston and Hollywood.
Hanzon headlined three HGTV holiday specials, from 2003 to 2005, that featured his work on Neiman Marcus' annual holiday extravaganza. A 2008 window display he designed for a store in Cherry Creek North was featured on a special holiday windows program on HGTV. He also hosted HGTV's Holiday Windows Specials in 2006 and 2009, a program produced by High Noon Entertainment. In 2005, The Food Network aired a special in which Hanzon took the ultimate BBQ Rig Design Challenge.
Select installations and displays
Lakewood Legacy Trees - Mixed media public sculpture commissioned by Regional Transportation District - Lakewood, Colorado - 2013-2014
Stone Cloud 4 - Gates Family Foundation – Denver, Colorado - 2013
Stone Clouds 1,2,&3 Neiman Marcus Art collection – Walnut Creek, California - 2012
Houston Zoo Lights – Designer - 2012, 2013
Heist D.C. Nightclub - Interior Vitrine Displays - Washington D.C. - 2012
Hudson Holiday – produced with Museum of Outdoor Arts and Hudson Gardens. Littleton, Colorado - 2009, 2010
Puppet Theatre Bench – Monumental bronze sculpture - Commissioned by Museum of Outdoor Arts. Samson Park, Greenwood Village, Colorado - 2009
Emry Gweldig’s Wondrous Keep – produced with Museum of Outdoor Arts and Cherry Creek North. Denver, Colorado - 2008
Lannie’s Clocktower Cabaret – interior design - Clocktower Cabaret Inc. Denver, Colorado. - 2006
Ice + Snow – Holiday light show and performance. Museum of Outdoor Arts. Samson Park, Greenwood Village, Colorado - 2006
Lucky Children – Chinese New Year display. The Bellagio Hotel. Las Vegas, Nevada - 2003
Chandelier Chardin – Monumental glass and LED chandelier and lighting system - Commissioned by John Madden Company. Palazzo Verdi, Greenwood Village, Colorado - 2008
Keepers Mandala – Glass doors and side lights installed in the Museum of Outdoor Arts - Commissioned by Museum of Outdoor Arts. Englewood, Colorado - 2007
Metamorphosis – Architectural sculpture. Dicroic and fused glass - Commissioned by Mazza Galleria. Washington, DC. - 2006
Eli’s Light – Outdoor memorial to Eli Perlman. Fused glass mosaic - Commissioned by Mizel Center for Arts & Humanities. Denver, Colorado - 2003
Sculptural Entrance, Fence and Mural - Commissioned by Denver Botanic Gardens. Denver, Colorado - 2001
Viatica: A collection of over 50 multi media works for the Kenneth King Performing Arts Complex - Commissioned by the Colorado Council of the Arts. Denver, Colorado - 2001.
Evolution of the Ball – Gateway sculpture at Coors Field. Mixed media - Commissioned by the Downtown Major League Stadium District. Denver, Colorado - 1995
References
External links
Lonnie Hanzon's website
1959 births
American artists
Artists from Colorado
Living people |
```python
def test(self):
self.sendline('tbreak main')
self.sendline('continue')
self.continue_to('r0')
self.sendline('set $r0 = 3')
self.continue_to('r1')
assert self.get_int('$r0') == 3
assert self.get_int('$r1') == 2
``` |
Dong Jie (, born 31 October 1998) is a Chinese swimmer. She competed in the women's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1998 births
Living people
Olympic swimmers for China
Swimmers at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Swimmers from Jiangsu
Sportspeople from Huai'an
Chinese female freestyle swimmers
Swimmers at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists in swimming
Olympic gold medalists for China
21st-century Chinese women |
Trypanosoma tungarae is a species of giant trypanosome, a protozoal parasite, which infects the túngara frog and is thought to be transmitted by members of the midge genus Corethrella. It was discovered in 2016.
Discovery
Trypanosoma tungarae was discovered from studies of trypanosome species recovered from the blood of túngara frogs from Gamboa in the Colón Province of Panama. The species has yet to be observed in other locations.
Description
Trypanosoma tungarae trypomastigotes are large, with a relatively long thin body (52 μm). They appear morphologically similar to other frog trypanosomes from Central and South America, such as Trypanososma rotatorium and Trypanosoma ranarum.
Phylogeny
Phylogenetic studies of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene show that the novel species is most closely related to Trypanosoma chattoni, which has a rounded body that looks completely different from that of T. tungarae, with neither an undulating membrane nor a free flagellum.
Host and transmission
The primary host is the túngara frog (Engystomops pustulosus), which inhabits southern Mexico, northern South America and Trinidad and Tobago. Transmission occurs during the mating season when the males come together in groups during the rainy season at pools of water where they all produce a mating call. Female Corethrella midges, the putative vectors, use this as a cue to locate the male túngura frogs. A calling male túngura attracts on average 142 midges (up to 511 midges) every 30 minutes. The midges are thought to then transmit T. tungarae to the male. Seven different Corethrella midges have been observed biting the male túngara frogs, and which serves as the vector is not known. The location of the parasite in the midge is also unknown.
Although the female túngura frog does not produce mating calls, one female in a sample of 15 was found to be infected, suggesting that when the túngura frogs are in the mating clasp, midges trying to feed on the calling male occasionally also bite the female. Infection of males is significantly more common (10 of 25).
References
Trypanosomatida
Parasites of amphibians |
Baron Ambroży Mikołaj Skarżyński of Bończa (1787–1868) was a Napoleonic officer, Chevalier de l'Empire and a Polish general. He was born in Gawłów, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland.
Biography
Ambrozy was born into a Polish aristocratic family; his father was a wealthy landowner, a castellan and a chairman of the Polish Court of Appeal and his mother Bibiana née Lanckoronska - came from one of the oldest Polish households. Ambrozy, along with his 3 other brothers, was educated initially by Monsieur Borne, a French expatriate living in Warsaw and later at a Prussian dragoon academy.
Ambrozy is best remembered for his military achievements. At the beginning of the 19th century, he was the commander of a Napoleon's Imperial Guard squadron (Polish 1st Light Cavalry Regiment of the Imperial Guard) and he led the defense of Napoleon himself during the battle of Arcis-sur-Aube. He also took part in the battles of Wagram, Somosierra and Berry-au-Bac. For his bravery at Wagram he was awarded with a title of Chevalier de l'Empire in 1811 and a hereditary rent amounting to 500 francs a year and for his achievements at Berry-au-Bac he received a hereditary title of a Baron of the French Empire in 1814, which was later confirmed by the Polish parliament in 1820.
Skarzysnki resigned from the Napoleonic army in 1815, but returned to military service in 1830, when he joined a Uhlans regiment in the November Uprising in Poland. In 1831 he was elevated to the rank of a General of the Polish Military and was awarded the highest Polish military order, Virtuti Militari for his courage during the battles of Wawer and Grochow. After the failure of the uprising in the late 1831 Ambrozy emigrated from the Duchy of Warsaw to Prussia, where he stayed until 1857. He then returned to the Duchy to settle in his estate, Orłów, where he died in 1868.
In 1818 Ambrozy married Julia Sokolowska, daughter of the starosta of Nieszawa and he received Orłów estate as a dowry, which included a vast amount of land and a large manor. He also received Suserz estate with a wooden manor from his father, Jerzy. Skarzynski had 7 children with Julia, and their son, also called Jerzy, participated later in the Greater Poland Uprising (1848).
References
Citations
Bibliography
History of the Polish nation's uprising of 1830 and 1831 Vol 3, Richard Otto Spazier, Paris 1833
History of the Polish military 1795-1939, Eligiusz Kozłowski i Mieczysław Wrzosek, Warsaw 1984
Selected correspondence of Ambrozy Mikolaj Skarzynski
See also
Uhlans
Polish 1st Light Cavalry Regiment of the Imperial Guard
November Uprising
1787 births
1868 deaths
Barons of Poland
Polish generals
Recipients of the Virtuti Militari
French military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars |
Whiteson is an unincorporated community in Yamhill County, Oregon, United States. Oregon Geographic Names states that Whiteson is named for either for Henry White, who laid out the town site and gave the railroad right-of-way, or for William White. It is possible they are members of the same family. Whiteson post office was established in 1890. Whiteson is an agricultural community lacking either Oregon hamlet or village classification, and relies on the neighboring communities of McMinnville and Amity for basic services such as fire, health, and education. The Yamhill County Sheriff has primary police jurisdiction over Whiteson.
Geography
Whiteson is located 3 miles south of McMinnville, on Oregon Route 99W, near Whiteson Dip Bridge.
Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Whiteson has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
Education
Whiteson School District 78 was established in 1892, and the first one-room schoolhouse was finished in the March 1893. In 1903 the decision was made to create an addition to the Whiteson school, making it a two-room school. 1936 was the last year school was taught here, before the district finally consolidated with Amity School District 4, in 1942.
Rail transport
Whiteson railway station is the railway station, where the Dayton, Sheridan and Grande Ronde Railroad crossed the west side line of the Oregon and California Railroad.
Whiteson was formerly a notable station along the Red Electric interurban network. Initial service extended from Portland to Whiteson, but eventually reached Corvallis in 1917. By 1920, the schedule had four daily trains through from Portland to Corvallis in each direction and two more that ran as far as Whiteson.
References
Unincorporated communities in Yamhill County, Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Oregon |
The Fleur-de-Lys Studios, also known as Fleur-de-Lis Studios or Sydney Burleigh Studio, is a historic art studio, and an important structure in the development of the Arts and Crafts Movement in the United States. It is located at 7 Thomas Street in the College Hill neighborhood of Providence, Rhode Island. It was designed by Sydney Burleigh and Edmund R. Willson, and built in 1885. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1992. In addition, it is part of the College Hill Historic District.
Description
The studio is a -story wood-frame building, set on the densely built north side of Thomas Street, opposite the First Baptist Meetinghouse (also a National Historic Landmark). Its main facade is half-timbered, with elaborately stuccoed sections filling the spaces between the timbers. On the first level, there are two bays, that on the right with a grouping of six casement windows in two tiers of three, of different sizes at each tier. The left bay has a recessed entranceway, topped by a row of stucco panels and windows above. The second level projects slightly, and has paired casement windows that project in a manner resembling a folding screen. On either side and in between these two sections are colored panels bearing allegorical representations of Sculpture, Painting, and Architecture. The triangular gable area above this level is shingled, with a recessed square window just below the gable point.
The interior is relatively simple, with an enclosed stair rising on the left side of the building to a mezzanine level, a full second floor, and the attic area. The first floor is divided, with a classroom and reception area in the south, and a studio space on the north side. A staircase in the northwest corner leads from the studio to the mezzanine. The mezzanine is open, with a small studio space over the entrance. Smaller studio spaces occupy the second floor and attic level.
The building was a design collaboration between the artist Sydney Richmond Burleigh (1853-1931) and the architect Edmund R. Willson (1853-1906), and was built in 1885–86 in a collaborative effort involving both local builders and a local version of the London-based Art Workers Guild established by Burleigh. Among the artists contributing to the decoration was Charles Walter Stetson.
The building drew immediate notice in architectural publications in recognition for its unification of useful and ornamental arts.
George William Whitaker, known as the "Dean of Providence Painters," shared space with Burleigh in the studio during the late 1800s.
In 1939, the structure was deeded to the Providence Art Club by Burleigh's widow. In accordance with the stipulation of her gift, the space is still used for artists studios.
In popular culture
Horror writer H. P. Lovecraft made the Fleur-de-Lys building the residence of his character Henry Anthony Wilcox, a young artist and sculptor, in his famous tale "The Call of Cthulhu." Bertrand K. Hart, then literary editor of the Providence Journal and author of a regular column, "The Sideshow", read the story in an anthology, T. Everett Harre's Beware After Dark! (1929) and was astounded to find that Wilcox's residence (7 Thomas Street) was the same as the address where he had once resided. Feigning to offense, he vowed in his column of November 30, 1929, to send a ghost to Lovecraft's home at 3 a.m. to scare him; Lovecraft promptly wrote the poem "The Messenger" at 3 a.m. that night. Hart published the poem in his column of December 3.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Providence, Rhode Island
List of National Historic Landmarks in Rhode Island
References
External links
Providence Art Club: About the Fleur-de-Lys Building
Rhode Island artist Anthony Tomaselli maintains a studio here
Buildings and structures in Providence, Rhode Island
National Historic Landmarks in Rhode Island
Cultural infrastructure completed in 1885
Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Tudor Revival architecture in Rhode Island
Historic American Buildings Survey in Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Providence, Rhode Island
Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Rhode Island |
Marcelo Arévalo and Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.
Philipp Oswald and Filip Polášek won the title after defeating Guido Andreozzi and Guillermo Durán 7–5, 6–2 in the final.
Seeds
Draw
References
External links
Main draw
Lisboa Belém Open - Doubles
2019 Doubles
2019 Lisboa Belém Open |
Battle Club may refer to:
Club (weapon)
Battle Club (manga), a manga series from the creators of Ikki Tousen |
The Green Papers is a website that tracks the outcomes of United States presidential elections. It was established by Richard Berg-Andersson and Tony Roza in 1999. The site has gained prominence for its coverage of presidential primaries. It was among the earliest platforms to monitor election results. During the 2016 presidential election, numerous journalists began focusing on the site's delegate counts. Quoctrung Bui of The New York Times noted that the site "...does something very few media organizations are willing to do: accurately and independently tabulate delegates in real time."
References
External links
American political websites
Internet properties established in 1999
1999 establishments in the United States |
Andriy Komarytskyi (; born 2 February 1982) is a professional footballer.
Career
He is the starting goalkeeper for Stal and has been playing there since 1999. In 2004 it was recorded that he wanted to advance to the Ukrainian Premier League with Stal, which happened the following year.
External links
References
1982 births
Living people
Footballers from Luhansk
Ukrainian men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
FC Shakhtar Luhansk players
FC Stal Alchevsk players
FC Stal-2 Alchevsk players
FC Zorya Luhansk players
FC Arsenal Kyiv players |
Parennefer also called Wennefer was a High Priest of Amun during the reigns of Tutankhamun and Horemheb (and possibly later). He was previously thought to date to the time of Ramesses II, but he is now dated to the end of the Eighteenth Dynasty. Parennefer was more firmly put at the end of the Eighteenth Dynasty after extensive excavations of his tomb in Thebes in 1990–1993.
Parennefer was High Priest of Anhur and sealbearer of the king before being raised to the position of High Priest of Amun.
Family
Parennefer/Wennefer was a son of Minhotep and Maia. On monuments he is said to have two brothers: Pennesuttawy, who was a troop commander in Kush, and Minmose, who served as the high priest of Min and Isis.
Parennefer/Wennefer was married to Isis, who was Chief of the Harem of Amun. A family monument lists four sons and a daughter.
The eldest son was named Hori and served as high priest of Anhur after his father. Hori's son Minmose would also serve as high priest of Anhur. It is possible that Hori later served as high priest of Amun under Ramesses II.
Amenemone is said to have been a childhood friend of Ramesses II and later was the Chief of Works.
A son by the name of Amenemope served as the Chief of Seers, i.e., as the high priest of Ra in Heliopolis. Amenemope was also a chamberlain of the Lord of the Two Lands.
Khaemwaset is listed on a monument belonging to Amenemone. Khaemwaset was a scribe of the sacred books in the House of Amun.
Hentmehyt is married to the Steward of the Temple of Ptah.
Three more daughters are mentioned, but the names have been lost
A lady who is the wife of the Steward of Amun.
A lady who is a noblewoman in the House of the King.
The wife of the Troop Commander of the Chariotry.
References
Priests of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
Theban High Priests of Amun
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown |
Courts in Ethiopia divided into three-level structures: the State Supreme Court (which also incorporates a cassation bench to review fundamental error of state law), High Courts and the First Instance Courts. State Courts are represented in every regions of Ethiopia and have seat in each capital cities. The FDRE Constitution provides judicial review to the Federal Supreme Court, delegated by State Supreme Court, Federal High Courts and Federal First Instance Courts respectively.
Municipal courts such as in chartered city Addis Ababa has two courts exercising municipal function: the First Instance City Courts and Appellate Courts, establishing judicial divisions – the Labor Relations Board, Civil Service Tribunal, Tax Appeal Commission, and Urban Land Clearance Matters Appeal Commission. Likewise, the municipal jurisdiction also similarly followed by Oromia Regional State that has more than 10,000 people in its cities. There is no Supreme Court in municipal administration despite cassation bench included in Appellate Court.
Besides, the FDRE Constitution also guarantees religious courts defined in Article 34(5) and Article 78(5). Social courts in kebele level hear property and monetary claims up to 5,000 birr, and can be heard by the First Instance City Courts. For example, Sharia law has been enshrined in both federal and state levels, despite obligated to follow disciplinary rule of ordinary courts and receive their budgets from the state. In Ethiopia, customary courts generally unrecognized by laws embracing traditional and local customs. They are followed in rural areas such as in Amhara (Shemagelle), Tigray (Bayito and Abo Gereb) and Oromia (Luba Basa).
State courts
Structure and jurisdiction
The FDRE Constitution provided three-level court structure: the State Supreme Court (which also incorporates a cassation bench to review fundamental error of state law), High Courts and the First Instance Courts. The State Courts are seated in every representative's capital city in states, having final judicial authority over matters of State law and jurisdiction. The State High Courts seat based on zonal regions of states while First Instance Courts seat at the administrative levels of states.
The FDRE Constitution delegates the State Supreme Court and State High Courts the jurisdiction of the Federal High Courts and Federal First Instance Courts respectively. In order to grant right of appeal of the parties to a case, decisions rendered by State High Court exercising the juridical of the First Instance Courts are appealable to the State Supreme Court while decisions rendered by State Supreme Court on federal matters are appealable to the Federal Supreme Court.
Accountability and administration
The state court jurisdiction is subjected to federal processes; the state government also established the Judicial Administration Commission that views and safeguards the independence and accountability of State Courts. The President and Vice President of the State Supreme Court are recommended by the President (Chief executive officer) of the states and appointed by the State Council; all other state judges are appointed by State Council, and recommended by the State Judicial Administration Commission. The authority of judge's tenure guarantee exists in State Judicial Administration Commissions.
Municipal courts
The Addis Ababa City Charter creates two levels of city courts exercising in municipal function: First Instance and Appellate Courts. It also established two judicial bodies: the Labour Relations Board, Civil Service Tribunal, Tax Appeal Commission, and Urban Land Clearance Matters Appeal Commission.
There is no Supreme Court in municipal jurisdiction despite cassation bench is included within the Appellate Court. Cassation review of the Appellate Court decisions can be brought before the Federal Supreme Court, which can decide jurisdictional conflicts between the city and federal courts. The Addis Ababa City Courts have civil, criminal and petty offense jurisdiction. The Oromia Regional State also has similar municipal courts in cities more than 10,000 people.
Religious courts
The FDRE Constitution also provides independent non-state or unofficial laws based on framework of customary and religious laws in some field of social activity. Article 34(5) defined that "This Constitution shall not preclude the adjudication of disputes relating to personal and family laws in accordance with religious and customary laws, with the consent of the parties to the dispute. Particulars shall be determined by law." Article 78(5) of the FDRE Constitution also stipulates that: "Pursuant to sub-Article (5) of Article 34 the House of Peoples’ Representatives and State Councils can establish or give official recognition to religious and customary courts that had state recognition and functioned prior to the adoption of the Constitution shall be organized on the basis of recognition accorded to them by this Constitution."
Social courts
Social Courts in kebele status hear property and monetary claims up to 5,000 birr. Social Courts appeal can be heard by the First Instance City Courts; if there is fundamental error of law in review of First Instance City Courts on appeal from Social Courts, it can be ground to lodge cassation before the Appellate Court of the City.
Sharia law has been fundamental Islamic law officially enshrined in both federal and state levels. They are obligated to follow procedural rules of ordinary courts and receive their budgets from the state.
Customary courts
Despite constitutionally defined, customary courts are not part of laws, or recognized by law. The authority of these laws stem from traditional and local customs, evolved from traditional elder councils, which do not have legal authority. However, they can still carry out moral duty and observed in rural areas of Ethiopia such as Shemagelle in Amhara, the Bayito and Abo Gereb in Tigray, the Luba Basa in Oromia.
See also
Judiciary of Ethiopia
References
Judiciary of Ethiopia |
Torysa may refer to:
Torysa (river), river in Slovakia
Torysa (village), village in Sabinov District, Slovakia |
Aurora Energy is New Zealand's seventh largest electricity distribution network by customer connections, supplying electricity to 91,600 homes, farms and businesses in Dunedin, Central Otago, and the Queenstown-Lakes District. Aurora Energy is owned by Dunedin City Holdings Limited on behalf of the Dunedin City Council.
In the period 2013 to 2020, there were multiple criticisms of Aurora Energy for poor network reliability, creating safety hazards for workers and the public, historic under-investment, and the need for large price increases to fund the renewal of ageing assets. Independent commentators criticised the owner Dunedin City Holdings, for taking large dividends from Aurora Energy to fund the construction of the Forsyth Barr Stadium, instead of ensuring appropriate expenditure on ageing assets.
In March 2020, Aurora Energy was fined almost $5 million for failing to meet regulated network reliability performance standards during the 2016–2019 period. At the same time, the Commerce Commission acknowledged that in the period since 2016, Aurora had taken steps to improve the quality of service quality across its network, including the appointment of a new board and management and beginning a major programme of capital works.
In March 2021, the Commerce Commission announced their final decision on an investment and revenue proposal submitted by Aurora Energy. The decision allows expenditure of up to $609 million over the period 2021–26, to replace end-of-life equipment and improve safety and reliability. This will result in significant increases in electricity lines charges for all customers, particularly those in Central Otago and Wānaka.
History
The history of electricity supply to Dunedin dates from 1907, when the Dunedin City Council developed New Zealand's first large hydro-electric generating station on the Waipori River. Power from the initial Waipori scheme was transmitted at 35kV over a route to Dunedin using duplicate lines. The Council continued with further hydro-electricity developments on the Waipori River for almost 80 years. The largest development on the river was the construction of a high dam, forming Lake Mahinerangi. The Waipori scheme was interconnected with the Waitaki power station in 1935 as part of extending generating capacity in the South Island.
Ownership and governance
As part of electricity industry reforms in 1990, the Dunedin City Council separated its lines and energy businesses. A new company Waipori Power Generation Limited, was formed to take over the energy business. In the same year, the Council established a utility contracting company that was eventually renamed as Delta Utility Services. A further new company, Dunedin Electricity Limited was registered on 26 June 1990 to manage the Council's electricity lines business. Dunedin Electricity was subsequently re-registered and renamed as Aurora Energy on 1 July 2003.
Prior to 2016, while Aurora Energy was the asset owner, Delta Utility Services managed the Aurora Energy network and was the primary contractor. A review of Delta Utility Services and Aurora was commissioned by Dunedin City Holdings in 2016. This led to a restructuring of both organisations, with the establishment of separate boards and chief executives.
Aurora Energy is currently owned by Dunedin City Holdings Limited, and is governed by a Board of Directors. Its Chief Executive, Richard Fletcher, joined Aurora in 2018.
Distribution network
Aurora Energy's distribution network is supplied from Transpower's national grid at five grid exit points (GXPs): Halfway Bush and South Dunedin for the Dunedin network, and Clyde, Cromwell and Frankton for the Central Otago network. Most of the network's sub-transmission is at 33,000 volts with the major exception of the lines feeding Wānaka from Cromwell GXP, which operate at 66,000 volts. Distribution is generally at 6,600 volts in the Dunedin urban area and at 11,000 volts elsewhere.
Regulation and benchmarking
As a natural monopoly lines business, Aurora Energy is subject to regulation under the Commerce Act 1986, including price-quality regulation, and Information Disclosure regulation. The Commerce Commission publishes a wide range of Information Disclosure data provided by all electricity network companies, including Aurora Energy, and provides performance summaries for benchmarking purposes. The benchmarking shows that Aurora is the seventh largest electricity network by customer connections. The performance summaries for the year to 31 March 2021 include benchmark rankings of the lines charges for all 29 New Zealand lines companies.
Approximately 54% of Aurora's line charge revenue is derived from charges based on energy delivered. These energy delivery charges were amongst the lowest nationwide at 4.0c/kWh, ranked 23 out of the 29 network companies. However, around 40% of Aurora's revenue is based on charges related to peak demand. The peak demand charge of $139/kW is high and ranked 3 out of 29.
Criticisms and responses
In 2013, the Commerce Commission published a report from Strata Energy Consulting that reviewed the Aurora network performance over the period 1 April 2010 to 31 March 2012. The review was commissioned because Aurora had not met the regulatory network reliability standards during that period. Strata concluded that although severe adverse weather had caused the poor performance, there were underlying factors that contributed, including increasing incidents of tree contact, and the poor condition of poles. Strata attributed these factors to insufficient investment in the network.
In June 2014, the Commerce Commission warned several electricity distribution businesses, including Aurora, after they failed to comply with the service quality standards for electricity distributors in 2012. The Commission warned that these businesses were more likely to face penalties should they fail to comply with the standards in the future.
In October 2016, Richard Healey, a former employee of Delta Utility Services, began raising concerns in the media about the state of the Aurora network assets, and the safety hazards they presented to workers and members of the public. At the time Delta Utility Services both managed the Aurora Energy network and was the primary contractor. Following this criticism, a review of Delta Utility Services and Aurora was commissioned by Dunedin City Holdings Ltd and undertaken by Deloitte. The report led to a restructuring of both Aurora and Delta.
On 31 October 2016, Aurora announced a plan for fast-track replacement of several thousand power poles. In May 2017, Aurora announced that it was planning a $720 million upgrade of the network over the next ten years. This was a $300 million increase over the 10-year plan released the previous year. The revised 10-year plan included increased expenditure on renewal of assets, including a total of 14,000 poles, replacing older sub-transmission cables and upgrading of overhead lines. Other major projects included replacing the 60-year-old Neville St substation with a new substation at Carisbrook, and building a new substation at Wānaka.
In June 2017, benchmarking data published by the Commerce Commission showed that on many of the measures used, Aurora was rated among the worst on both average age of its assets and their overall condition. In October 2017, Aurora announced that it had appointed Dr Richard Fletcher as its new Chief Executive Officer, to replace the outgoing Chief Executive Grady Cameron. Dr Fletcher would take up the role in January 2018 after previously being a general manager at Powerco.
In September 2018, the Commerce Commission announced that it had decided to file court proceedings against Aurora for breaching its regulated quality standards in 2016 and 2017.
In 2018, the Commerce Commission published the results of an 8-months-long independent review of the Aurora network carried by WSP. In their summary of findings, WSP concluded that most assets pose a small risk to public safety, reliability or the environment, and that risks were no greater than they had observed in other networks in New Zealand and internationally. However, they reported that overhead conductors, poles and crossarm assets were causing more than 50% of the network outages that were attributed to asset deterioration, and that there was an upward trend in these failures.
In May 2019, the Commerce Commission released a draft decision on the revenue regulation of electricity distribution businesses, and noted specifically that Aurora Energy required significant investment in its network.
In March 2020, the Commerce Commission announced that Aurora Energy had been penalised with a fine in the High Court of almost $5 million for failing to meet regulated network reliability performance standards in the 2016–2019 years. In the media release that accompanied the High Court Judgement the Commission deputy chair Sue Begg said that "Aurora's previous management and board were well aware of the deteriorating state of its network but failed to take action". She also acknowledged that in the period since 2016, Aurora had taken steps to improve the quality of service across its network, including the appointment of a new board and management and beginning a major programme of capital works.
Investment and revenue proposal 2021–24
In November 2019, Aurora commenced a consultation with the community about proposed investment for the period 2021 to 2024 and the likely impacts on lines charges. This consultation was part of preparations for an application to the Commerce Commission for a customised price-path that was to be submitted in June 2020.
The consultation documents indicated an investment programme of $400 million over three years to replace ageing electricity infrastructure in Queenstown, Central Otago and Dunedin, along with indicative price rises for its customers of up to $500 per annum. In one reaction to this announcement, the Mayor of Queenstown-Lakes, Jim Boult, criticised the Dunedin City Council, as owner of Aurora, for taking high dividends that should have been spent on maintenance of the network. The Member of Parliament for Dunedin South, Clare Curran, criticised Aurora for years of under-investment.
In a response to an indicative increase of 23% in Aurora's line charges for Central Otago, members of the Queenstown-Lakes District Council and the Vincent Community Board claimed that the price increases were a direct result of on-going under-investment and the skimming of excessive dividends by Dunedin City Council. Russell Garbutt claimed that Dunedin City Council had required Aurora to borrow millions of dollars so it could pay dividends to help fund the building of Forsyth Barr Stadium. He called for the Dunedin City Council to repay excessive dividends that it had drawn from Aurora over many years. His claim was supported by University of Otago Associate Professor Mike Sam. who criticised the Dunedin City Council for funding the stadium from dividends from Aurora (thereby passing on the costs of the stadium to future electricity consumers), when the council had told the public that the stadium wasn't going to cost them anything.
In June 2020, Aurora applied to the Commerce Commission for a customised price-quality path (CPP). Their CPP proposal included an expenditure forecast of $383 million over the next 3 year period ($609 million over five years), to replace end-of-life equipment and improve safety and reliability. Following the issue of a draft decision and a period of community consultation and submissions, in March 2021 the Commerce Commission announced their final decision on the CPP proposal. The final decision allows Aurora to recover up to $563 million over five years ($46 million less than what Aurora's had originally proposed). The decision will result in significant increases in electricity line charges through until 2026, with the largest increases in Central Otago and Wānaka. Increases in Aurora's total revenue will be capped at approximately 10% per annum.
See also
Electricity sector in New Zealand
Electricity distribution companies
References
Further reading
External links
Aurora Energy Home Page
Delta Utility Services Home Page
Electric power distribution network operators in New Zealand
Otago
Companies based in Dunedin |
Ashok Rohani is an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Rohani is a member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly from the Jabalpur Cantonment constituency in Jabalpur district. He was also corporator of the Jabalpur Municipal Corporation.
He is son of Ishwardas Rohani who was Speaker of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly from 2003 to 2013.
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
People from Jabalpur
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2013–2018
Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2018–2023 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.