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Tiéviéssou (also spelled Tiébiéssou) is a village in southern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Ahouanou, Grand-Lahou Department, Grands-Ponts Region, Lagunes District.
Tiéviéssou was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.
Notes
Former communes of Ivory Coast
Populated places in Lagunes District
Populated places in Grands-Ponts |
Morven Christie (born 1 September 1981) is a Scottish actress. She is best known for her roles as Alison Hughes in the BBC drama The A Word, Amanda Hopkins in the ITV drama Grantchester, and Detective Sergeant Lisa Armstrong in ITV crime series The Bay.
Early life and education
Christie was born in Helensburgh and raised in Glasgow. After leaving school at 15, she eventually studied method acting at the Drama Centre London, under Reuven Adiv, an associate of Lee Strasberg. Her family spent holidays in Aviemore, where Christie learned to ski by the age of five.
Career
Theatre
Christie has multiple stage credits, spanning over a decade, including plays by Jack Thorne and Tom Stoppard alongside a classical canon. In 2006, Christie played Juliet, Hero, and Blanche (King John) for the Royal Shakespeare Company in their star-studded Complete Works season.
In 2009, Christie played Anya in The Cherry Orchard and Perdita in The Winter's Tale, for Sam Mendes' "Bridge Project", both at Brooklyn Academy of Music, New York and at The Old Vic, London, alongside Simon Russell Beale, Ethan Hawke and Rebecca Hall. She played Isa in the National Theatre, Glasgow, production of Men Should Weep, directed by Josie Rourke.
TV & film
In 2014, Christie played Amanda Hopkins in the ITV drama Grantchester for its first three seasons with James Norton and Robson Green. In 2017, she played Ellen Rooney in the BBC drama The Replacement, alongside Vicky McClure, and Dougray Scott. This role gained Christie her first BAFTA Scotland nomination.
From 2016–2020, she played Alison Hughes, the mother of an autistic child, in the BBC drama The A Word, for which she was again nominated for a BAFTA Scotland Award. In 2018 she also played Kirsten Lindstrom in Sarah Phelps' production of Agatha Christie's Ordeal by Innocence [See image].
Christie starred as DS Lisa Armstrong, the lead role in the ITV crime drama series The Bay, filmed through the latter months of 2018, and aired on ITV from 20 March 2019. She received her third consecutive BAFTA Scotland nomination for her performance. It was announced on 16 February 2021 that Christie had quit the drama, which had just completed a second series.
She has since completed two independent films and Joe Cornish's eight-part drama Lockwood & Co. for Netflix.
In 2023 she leads a six-part drama Payback, for Jed Mercurio’s HTM label, opposite Peter Mullan, which will appear on ITV and internationally.
Personal life
Christie lives in Glasgow with her partner, musician Iain Cook.
Filmography
Film
Television
Stage
Audio
Radio
When You Cure Me (2006, radio play) as Rachel
An Inspector Calls as Sheila Birling
Whenever I Get Blown Up I Think of You as Molly Naylor
A Farewell to Arms (2011, BBC Radio 4) as Catherine Barkley
Austerlitz (December 2012, BBC Radio 3) as Agata
Audiobooks
Code Name Verity (2012)
Burial Rites (2013)
References
External links
Living people
1981 births
21st-century Scottish actresses
Actresses from Glasgow
Alumni of the Drama Centre London
Audiobook narrators
People from Helensburgh
Royal Shakespeare Company members
Scottish film actresses
Scottish radio actresses
Scottish Shakespearean actresses
Scottish stage actresses
Scottish television actresses |
The 1962 CONCACAF Youth Tournament was the first international association football championship tournament for youth national teams in the CONCACAF region, North and Central America and the Caribbean. This tournament is the forerunner of the current CONCACAF Under-20 Championship. The tournament took place in Panama City, Panama and was won by Mexico.
Teams
The following teams entered the tournament:
First round
Group A
Group B
Final round
Results
See also
CONCACAF Under-20 Championship
References
External links
1962 CONCACAF Youth Tournament at CONCACAF.com
Results by RSSSF
1962 in CONCACAF football
1962
1962
1962 in youth association football
March 1962 sports events in North America |
Fatoumata Lejeune-Kaba (born 1969) is a Guinean journalist who works for the UNHCR as Communications Officer.
Kaba was educated in the United States, attending the Woodrow Wilson High School and Montgomery College in Maryland and graduating with a degree in journalism. She returned to Guinea in 1992, working for Guinean Radio and Television and CNN; in 1998, she became a correspondent for Reuters news agency. Subsequently, she worked for the Communications Unit of the United Nations Development Programme before joining the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) in 2000.
On February 25, 2002, Kaba was appointed as the delegate of the UNHCR for the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, Gabon, Cameroon, and Uganda; she was based in Kinshasa. She was also in Ivory Coast or Côte d'Ivoire after that. She is currently in Geneva as the Communications Officer covering Central, East, West and Southern Africa and Statistics.
References
1969 births
Living people
Guinean journalists
Guinean women journalists |
Nikola Zlatanov (; born 3 September 1961) is a Bulgarian rower. He competed in the men's eight event at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
He moved to France, and now he is a trainer at the Sporting Dunkerquois, a French rowing club of Dunkerque.
References
External links
1961 births
Living people
Bulgarian male rowers
Olympic rowers for Bulgaria
Rowers at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Rowers from Sofia |
The Journal of Logic and Computation is a peer-reviewed academic journal focused on logic and computing. It was established in 1990 and is published by Oxford University Press under licence from Professor Dov Gabbay as owner of the journal.
External links
Academic journals established in 1990
Computer science journals
Logic journals
Logic in computer science
Formal methods publications
Oxford University Press academic journals
Bimonthly journals
English-language journals |
Peter White (1824 – 4 April 1901) was a politician in Queensland, Australia. He was a Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly. He was elected as the member of the Electoral district of Stanley on 23 August 1883 and served until 23 May 1888.
Life
Peter White was born on 1824 in Otterburn, Northumberland, England.
Career
Death
He died on 4 April 1901 at his residence, The Willows, in Laidley, Queensland, Australia.
References
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
1824 births
1901 deaths
19th-century Australian politicians
People from Otterburn, Northumberland |
John Fitchett (c.1879 – 1942) was an English footballer who played at full-back or half-back for Bolton Wanderers, Southampton, Manchester United, Plymouth Argyle, Manchester City, Fulham and Exeter City.
Football career
Fitchett was born in Chorlton-cum-Hardy, Manchester and represented Manchester Schoolboys while playing his youth football with Talbot FC. In May 1897, he joined Bolton Wanderers where he remained for five years, making 76 appearances in The Football League. During his time with Bolton Wanderers he made three appearances for the Football League in representative matches against the Irish League in November 1899, November 1900 and November 1901, and also played in an unofficial international against Germany in 1901.
In the spring of 1902 he joined Manchester United for the first time but, before he could make a first-team appearance, he moved to the south coast to join Southampton of the Southern League in May 1902. At Southampton, he was used as cover for Samuel Meston at left-half and, although he played in five of the first six matches, he lost his place to Meston at the start of November and only made four further appearances, including one in the FA Cup defeat to Notts County. In his time at The Dell, Fitchett was known for his "energetic tackling and neat passing" as well as for his "over-elaboration".
Fitchett returned to Manchester United in March 1903 and made five appearances before the end of the 1902–03 season. His debut for United came on 21 March when he scored in a 5–1 defeat of Leicester City.
Fitchett's stay at Bank Street was short-lived and in May 1903 he returned to the Southern League to join Plymouth Argyle, who were making their debut in the league. Fitchett was known to Argyle's manager Frank Brettell under whom he had played at Bolton Wanderers. At Bolton he had played alongside Bob Jack, who he persuaded to join Argyle for their debut league season. Jack was to go on to make over 100 appearances for Argyle as well as replacing Brettell as manager, a post he held until 1938. Primarily used as a left-back, Pritchett was a regular member of Argyle's first professional side, making 46 appearances in all competitions.
In June 1904, he once again returned to Manchester United although his second "debut" was not until January 1905. By the end of the season, he was a regular at left-back, but in the summer of 1905 he moved across the city to join Manchester City. His stay was very brief and in June 1905, he again returned to the Southern League to join Fulham. At Fulham, he was little used, making only three appearances before bringing his professional career to a close at the end of the 1905–06 season.
Theatre management
During his youth, Fitchett was an actor and was a member of Fred Karno's Theatrical Company. He had appeared with Charlie Chaplin in The Mumming Birds.
Following his retirement from professional football, Fitchett settled in Devon, becoming manager of the Vaudeville Theatre in Exeter. In February 1910, he briefly resumed his football career to assist Exeter City.
After World War I, Fitchett became manager of the New Palace Theatre in Union Street, Plymouth. After he retired as the theatre manager, he became the licensee of the Royal Sovereign public house in Union Street.
Fitchett died at the Royal Sovereign on 1 November 1942, at the age of 62.
Notes
In total, Fitchett made 40 league appearances for Plymouth Argyle, of which 27 were in the Southern Football League and 13 in the Western League. As the Southampton club historians only include the Southern League appearances in their statistics, the same is done here for consistency.
References
Bibliography
External links
Career details
Bolton Wanderers profile
1870s births
Category;1942 deaths
Men's association football defenders
Bolton Wanderers F.C. players
English men's footballers
English male musical theatre actors
English theatre managers and producers
Exeter City F.C. players
Fulham F.C. players
Manchester City F.C. players
Manchester United F.C. players
People from Chorlton-cum-Hardy
Plymouth Argyle F.C. players
Southampton F.C. players
Southern Football League players
English Football League players
Western Football League players
Footballers from Manchester
English Football League representative players |
On 5 April 2017, a suicide bomber killed at least eight people and wounded 24 near a Pakistan Army vehicle taking part in the census in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The injured were shifted to the Combined Military Hospital (CMH) and General Hospital. Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan claimed responsibility, saying it was carried out in revenge against security personnel.
On the 8th of April, Pakistani police killed 10 Taliban gunmen in a gun battle in Lahore.
See also
February 2017 Lahore suicide bombing
References
2017 murders in Pakistan
Suicide bombings in 2017
21st-century mass murder in Pakistan
2010s in Lahore
April 2017 crimes in Asia
Mass murder in 2017
Mass murder in Lahore
Suicide bombings in Pakistan
Terrorist incidents in Lahore
Terrorist incidents in Pakistan in 2017
Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan attacks |
Nick Carlson (born May 19, 1980) is a former lacrosse player for the Colorado Mammoth in the National Lacrosse League.
During the 2009 NLL season, he was named a reserve to the All-Star game.
Statistics
NLL
References
1980 births
Canadian lacrosse players
Colorado Mammoth players
Lacrosse people from British Columbia
Living people
National Lacrosse League All-Stars
Sportspeople from Nanaimo |
Autódromo Ezequiel Crisol, or Autódromo Aldea Romana, is a motorsports circuit located in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It has hosted events in the Turismo Nacional and TC2000 series.
History
The circuit was opened in March 1978, extended in 1981, and the last corner was tightened in 1988.
It was closed in 2010. Following a decades' dormancy, the circuit was restored between 2016 and 2020, redesigned by Leonardo Stella (who also designed the Circuito San Juan Villicum), and it was re-opened in 2020 with the first race of the Turismo Nacional on February 21–23.
Layout history
Lap records
As of April 2022, the fastest official race lap records at the Autódromo Ezequiel Crisol are listed as:
References
Motorsport venues in Buenos Aires Province |
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Typed Arrays
ES6 Arrow Functions
Unicode in ES6
Generators as iterators in ES6
`let` and `const` in ES6
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L'Arlésienne is incidental music composed by Georges Bizet for Alphonse Daudet's drama of the same name, usually translated as The Girl from Arles. It was first performed on 30 September 1872 at the Théâtre du Vaudeville in Paris. Bizet's original incidental music consists of 27 numbers for chorus and small orchestra, ranging from pieces of background music (mélodrames) only a few measures long, to entr'actes. The score achieves powerful dramatic ends with the most economic of means. Still, the work received poor reviews in the wake of the unsuccessful premiere and is not often performed now in its original form, although recordings are available. However, key pieces of the incidental music, most often heard in the form of two suites for full orchestra, have become some of Bizet's most popular compositions.
History
Composition history
In July 1872, Léon Carvalho, the new director of the Théâtre du Vaudeville, having previously collaborated with Bizet in producing his operas The Pearl Fishers (1863) and The Fair Maid of Perth (1867) at the Théâtre Lyrique, commissioned him to write music for his new venture—L'Arlésienne, a play by Alphonse Daudet. Although the drama was based on the author's short story of the same name, first published in the newspaper L'Événement (The Event, 1866), and later in his collection Lettres de mon moulin (Letters from My Windmill, 1869), the plot was originally inspired by a real event: the suicide of a nephew of writer Frédéric Mistral as a consequence of amour fou. Carvalho planned to relieve the bleak tragedy of this "rustic drama" by presenting the play with music and choruses. "The piece is a little too sombre for my theatre," said Carvalho, "but I think the music will be a powerful attraction and it will soften somewhat the cruelty of the play." However, there was some risk in this approach, as this genre ("mélodrame") was in decline.
L'Arlésienne, incidental music, Op. 23 (1872)
Bizet composed 27 numbers for the five act play, which was presented in three acts and five scenes. Half of the numbers, mostly mélodrames, are quite short (under 20 measures) and are designed to be performed as background music for spoken drama. On the other hand, seven numbers, including the Prélude, four entr'actes (later known as the Pastorale, Intermezzo, Minuetto, and Carillon), one longer mélodrame (the Adagietto) and the Farandole, are both distinctive and lengthy enough to stand on their own outside of their stage setting.
The drama is set on the Rhône river, in Camargue, south of Arles, in southwestern Provence. To help give the composition Provençal color, Bizet used three existing tunes from a folk/traditional music collection found in the book Lou Tambourin, Istori de l'Estrumen Prouvençau (The Tambourin, Avignon, 1864) by writer and tambourinaire François Vidal:
№ 3: Danso dei Chivau-Frus (Dance of the Frisky Horses)—a brisk tune scored by Bizet for flute, piccolo, and tambourin (a Provençal drum); combined ingeniously with March of the Kings in the Farandole in Act 3 at the climax of the drama.
№ 7: Èr dóu Guet—an "air provençal" heard in the form of a brief berceuse in a mélodrame (No. 13) in Act 2.
№ 31: Marcho dei Rèi (March of the Kings)—a Provençal Christmas carol from Avignon celebrating the Epiphany and the Three Kings; also identified as Marche de Turenne, supposedly composed by Jean-Baptiste Lully some 200 years earlier; quoted five times at the beginning of the Overture in different harmonizations and orchestrations; reappears in the form of a chorus in Act 3.
The premiere took place on 30 September 1872 in the Théâtre du Vaudeville. Bizet's music is scored for a chorus of 24 singers and an orchestra of only 26 players. Bizet played the harmonium (alternately with his publisher, Antony Choudens, and associate, Ernest Guiraud) backstage at the theater in support of the chorus. Production was rushed as the play was staged as a last-minute replacement for another play (Robert Halt's Madame Frainex), which had been banned by the censors, and the audience was less than favourably disposed to the new play. The premiere was a failure and the production closed after 19 performances. Daudet later bitterly remarked: "It was a resounding flop amid the prettiest music in the world, silk and velvet costumes, and comic opera scenery. I came out of there discouraged, still hearing the silly laughter caused by the emotional scenes." "It was clear from the beginning that a drama of passion from the Camargue would not appeal to the sophisticated tastes of the Paris boulevards."
L'Arlésienne Suite No. 1, Op. 23bis (1872)
Bizet was assured that the best numbers from the incidental music, arranged for a full symphony orchestra, would be successful in the concert hall. He planned a five movement suite as follows: 1. Prélude, 2. Carillon, 3. Adagietto, 4. Minuetto, 5. Final (unidentified number). Later he exchanged the positions of the 2nd and 4th numbers and abandoned the final one, leaving a four movement orchestral suite:
Prélude
Minuetto
Adagietto
Carillon
The order of the movements does not correspond precisely with that of the incidental music, but conforms rather to the character and tempo conventions of a short symphony. The Prélude and Adagietto closely resemble their original versions except for their expanded instrumentation. The Adagietto, previously scored for muted string quartet, particularly benefits from its new massed, but muted, string sonority. The main difference in the Minuetto is the addition of a six bar addition to its coda. The Carillon, on the other hand, is considerably enlarged by the addition of the andantino that framed the Adagietto, followed by a shortened repeat of the opening section. Thus the movement now has an ABA form.
The original title of the new work was L'Arlésienne, Suite d'Orchestre, but after the appearance of a second suite, it would be known as L'Arlésienne, 1re Suite d'Orchestre (L'Arlésienne Suite No. 1). It was first performed on 10 November 1872 under Jules Pasdeloup of the Concerts populaires in the Cirque d'Hiver with great success. The Minuetto had to be encored, and the Adagietto was almost accorded the same honor.
L'Arlésienne Suite No. 2 (1879)
L'Arlésienne Suite No. 1 became so popular that the publisher Choudens commissioned a second set, L'Arlésienne, 2me Suite d'Orchestre, in 1879, four years after Bizet's untimely death. His friend Ernest Guiraud is claimed to have arranged the other three large scale movements and, adding an extraneous number (the Minuet), assembled a second four movement suite as follows:
Pastorale
Intermezzo
Minuet
Farandole
The choral parts of the Pastorale were arranged for orchestra. This two part movement takes an ABA form, like the Carillon movement, by a repeat of the opening (Andante sostenuto assai) music. The Intermezzo has a 12 measure addition based on the central (Allegro moderato) theme inserted 4 bars before the end. The Minuet was taken from Scènes bohémiennes, a suite of material originally composed for Bizet's 1866 opera La jolie fille de Perth. The Farandole (the name of a Provençal dance) is a condensation of two numbers of the incidental music--№ 22: Final, and № 23: Entr’acte and Chorus. The choruses in these numbers were either omitted (the former) or arranged for orchestra (the latter).
Although the arrangements in L'Arlésienne Suite No. 2 are assumed to be Guiraud's work (his name is not mentioned in any scores) and the composition is clearly not as unified as the first suite, it contains a large proportion of inspired Bizet material, and is therefore generally credited to Bizet. The first performance of L'Arlésienne Suite No. 2 took place on 21 March 1880 when Jules Pasdeloup again led the orchestra of the Concerts populaires.
L'Arlésienne, incidental music (1885/86)
The popularity of Bizet's music for L'Arlésienne was undoubtedly one of the factors prompting a later reappraisal of the original drama, and on 5 May 1885, a revival took place at the Théâtre de l'Odéon in Paris. Although the play was again received coldly initially, the success of this production resulted in a subsequent run of over 400 performances. A new version of the score for full orchestra was used, in which numbers from the suites, now expanded both in content and instrumentation, replaced the original small ensemble orchestrations of the 1872 version. The remaining numbers retained their original orchestrations, and a few numbers were either omitted, duplicated, truncated, or exchanged positions.
Performance history
L'Arlésienne, incidental music
L'Arlésienne, Suite d'Orchestre
Instrumentation
The score of the original incidental music is notable not only for its light instrumentation (apparently due to the budget constraints of the Théâtre du Vaudeville), but also for its unusual composition—particularly the small number of violas and brass instruments, and the introduction of two instruments new to the orchestra.
The score makes novel use of the saxophone, a very early example, after its invention in the 1840s, of the sound in a classical orchestra ensemble, and associated with l'Innocent.
The specific drum to use in the percussion section is an issue of some confusion. Both Bizet's incidental music manuscript of 1872 and the score of L'Arlésienne Suite No. 2, arranged by Guiraud in 1879, specify a "tambourin", a large tabor not to be confused with the tambourine. The tambourin provençal is a low-pitched tenor drum, the length of which is typically about twice its diameter. In Provence, the tambourin is usually played in conjunction with the galoubet (a small pipe), making this combination a unique Provençal pipe and tabor. This is the effect Bizet had in mind when he set the tune "Danso dei Chivau-Frus", used in the Farandole to evoke the sound of tambourinaires playing during a festival celebrating Saint Eligius.
In the absence of a genuine tambourin, a tom drum or a snareless side drum is sometimes substituted. This was the circumstance in the premiere production, during which critic Arthur Pougin of Le Soir complained that the tambourin provençal had been replaced by an ordinary drum (tambour). Herbert von Karajan and Leonard Bernstein are two examples of prominent conductors who used a tambourine in recordings, giving the Farandole a brighter ambiance than would have been achieved with the deeper resonance of the tambourin. The score of the first number of L'Arlésienne Suite No. 1, 'Prélude', specifies merely a "tambour", and although a tambourin de Provence could just as well be employed here also, many orchestras use a snare drum (caisse claire).
Incidental music (1872)
Setting
The action takes place in Camargue, on the Rhône River, near the Étang de Vaccarès. The time is unspecified. The season in which the story takes place is a point of some confusion. At the beginning of Act 1, Balthazar mentions that it is the first of May. In Act 3, he mentions that it is now June. This occurs just before the Farandole, during which the peasants are celebrating Saint Éloi (Eligius), patron saint of horses, farriers, and husbandry. However, his feast day does not occur until the first of December.
Main Characters
Francet Mamaï (65), farmer of le Castelet, grandfather of Frédéri and L'Innocent
Rose Mamaï (40), a widow, Francet's daughter-in-law, mother of Frédéri and L'Innocent
Frédéri (20), the protagonist, obsessively in love with the Arlésienne
L'Innocent (13), Frédéri's brother Janet; regarded as having a developmental disability
Balthazar (70), chief shepherd
La Renaude (70), Balthazar's love interest in earlier times, Vivette's grandmother
Vivette (17), Rose's goddaughter, Frédéri's second love interest
Patron Marc, Rose's brother, a Rhône sailor
Mitifio (30), a horseherd ("un gardien de chevaux")
Synopsis
The Prélude (№ 1) begins with five different orchestrations of the March of the Kings, and concludes with the first of several quotations in the score of L’Innocent’s theme, and Frédéri’s theme.
Act 1
Tableau 1: The Farm of Castelet
In Scene 1, Francet Mamaï tells Balthazar of Frédéri’s passion for a girl from Arles. L’Innocent, whose theme dominates the first mélodrame (№ 2) and the next two numbers, wants Balthazar to finish his story about Mr. Seguin's goat, who was attacked by a wolf (another short story from Letters from My Windmill). Balthazar assures the boy he will continue the story shortly. Francet reports that Frédéri doesn't eat or sleep and is in the grip of a kind of love fever. Francet and Balthazar agree that Frédéri would be better off marrying an industrious local girl, such as Vivette Renaude, rather than a "town hussy". Rose's brother Marc, who lives in Arles, and is due to arrive soon, has been tasked with investigating the Arlésienne and her family to be sure they are respectable.
The next mélodrame (№ 3) links the first scene to the second, in which Balthazar continues telling the goat story to l’Innocent. Vivette enters in Scene 3, and asks Balthazar if l'Innocent can be cured. Balthazar repeats the superstitious belief that an Innocent in the household protects the others from evil and harm. The third mélodrame (№ 4) accompanies the exchange between Vivette and Balthazar, in which the shepherd says he thinks something is stirring in l’Innocent’s mind: "That child is waking up... and if he does wake up, everybody about the place must be on their guard." Rose enters in Scene 4, and eventually reports Frédéri’s engagement. When l'Innocent climbs high up into the hayloft in the turret, Rose, annoyed, expresses her dread that someone might fall from there onto the flagstones in the courtyard. In Scene 5, Frédéri enters, greets his mother, but takes no notice of Vivette, who is crushed.
Patron Marc enters in Scene 6 with nothing negative to report about the Arlésienne--she and her family are all fine people. He tells Francet he is expected to go to Arles to make a marriage offer. In Scene 8 Balthazar, alone, notes Vivette's grief--she loves Frédéri secretly and suffers in silence, just like her grandmother did. A mélodrame (№ 5), with offstage chorus 'Grand soleil de la Provence', also introduces the theme of the gardian Mitifio, whom Balthazar notices skulking about. Mitifio reveals to Francet that the Arlésienne has been his mistress for two years, and he means to keep her. He has letters from the Arlésienne confirming his story; Francet asks to borrow them. In the final mélodrame (№ 6), Frédéri is about to go off to Arles, but Francet shows him Mitifio's letters. The chorus bursts in with a reprise of 'Grand soleil de la Provence', and Frédéri’s theme accompanies his collapse by the well.
Act 2
Tableau 1: The Shore of the Étang de Vaccarès in Camargue
An entr'acte (№ 7: 'Pastorale', with wordless offstage chorus 'La la-la-la-la-la'), later appearing as the first movement in the Suite No. 2, sets the scene. In the following Mélodrame (№ 8) Balthazar and l’Innocent enter, and the next (№ 9) marks the exit of Rose. The mélodrame № 10 accompanies the discovery of Fréderi in the shepherd’s hut, angry because everyone is spying on him. As wordless offstage chorus sing (№ 11: the shepherds's call), Balthazar leaves, having failed to make Frédéri destroy the letters from the Arlésienne which he reads night and day. The following mélodrame (№ 12) is only six bars; l’Innocent cannot recall the story he wants to tell his brother. In the next mélodrame (№ 13, Èr dóu Guet) described as a berceuse, l’Innocent falls asleep while telling his story. The final mélodrame (№ 14: reprise of 'La la-la-la-la-la' chorus) evokes Rose’s desperation at Fréderi’s frame of mind.
Tableau 2: The Kitchen at Castelet
An entr'acte (№ 15: the 'Intermezzo' used in the Suite No. 2) depicts Vivette, the local girl who wants to marry Frédéri, preparing her parcels to take on the Rhône ferry. After men prepare to go out shooting game, Rose and the others fear that Frédéri might kill himself. At the end of the act (№ 16: Final) when Frédéri decides that Vivette can help him forget his obsession, Balthazar and Rose express their relief.
Intermezzo
The Valse-Menuet (the 'Minuetto', № 17) is performed between Acts 2 and 3.
Act 3
Tableau 1: The Castelet Farm Courtyard
An entr'acte (№ 18: 'Carillon') introduces the first scene of Act 3. In the first mélodrame (№ 19) in Scene 3, a 6/8 Andantino marks the entrance of Mère Renaude, and in the following Adagio (the 'Adagietto' of Suite No. 1) Balthazar and Renaude reminisce about old times. As all move off to eat, there is a reprise of the Andantino. Another Andantino follows the exit of Frédéri and Vivette as they declare their love (№ 21). The farandole (№ 22, Danso dei Chivau-Frus), which begins quietly and builds to a climax, sees Frédéri respond with fury to Mitifio, who has come to recover his letters. Mitifio tells Balthazar that he will run off with the girl from Arles.
Tableau 2: The Magnanery
A brief statement of the 'Dance of the Frisky Horses' theme is heard, then the March of the Kings is sung by the chorus, after which the two are combined (№ 23: 'Early in the morning'). Next, there is a brief reprise for chorus of the March of the Kings (№ 24: 'On a golden chariot'). In № 25, l’Innocent ‘awakens’ showing he understands his brother’s problem. In a mélodrame (№ 26) Rose is momentarily reassured as the clock strikes three. After Frédéri has leapt from the hayloft to his death on the courtyard pavement, the orchestra plays a powerful tutti version of his theme (№ 27: Final) which brings down the curtain.
Structure
Note:
Although the order of the pieces in Bizet’s manuscript is well established, the numbers assigned to them have evolved. The number ‘№ 5’ does not appear in the original sequence, perhaps indicating the removal of some material. Most of the pieces following this one have therefore been renumbered in blue or red.
The Valse-Menuet and Carillon were originally together designated № 17: Entr'acte A and B. The Valse-Menuet was later designated ‘Intermezzo (Minuetto)’ in the 1885 piano-vocal score, published 10 years after Bizet’s death.
№ 20 is reported by musicologist Hugh Macdonald to have been a ‘Reprise de l’Intermezzo’ (i.e., of № 17: Valse-Menuet). This reprise is not present in the composer’s manuscript.
Source: Piano vocal score, Choudens, Paris (ca. 1885)
Suite No. 1 (1872)
1. Prélude
The suite opens with a strong, energetic theme, which is based on the Epiphany carol "March of the Kings", played by the violins. Afterwards, the theme is repeated by various sections. After reaching a climax, the theme fades away. It is followed by the theme associated with L'Innocent (the brother of Frédéri, the hero). The Prélude concludes with the theme associated with Frédéri himself.
2. Minuetto
The second movement resembles a minuet. The ending of this movement is slightly expanded from the version in the incidental music.
3. Adagietto
The Adagietto is taken from the central Adagio portion of the first number in Act 3, № 19: Mélodrame. The suite version does not include the Andantino that precedes and follows the incidental music version. At only 34 measures, the Adagietto is the shortest number in the score of either suite, but because of its slow tempo, it can last more than 3 minutes, a longer performance duration than that of the Minuetto's 162 measures. It is written in F major, meter throughout. The incidental music version is scored for muted string quartet. The scoring of the suite version is expanded to the entire string section (minus the basses), still muted.
4. Carillon
The last movement is based on № 18: 'Carillon' from the entr'acte preceding Act 3, augmented with the Andantino from the following number, № 19: Mélodrame. A shortened version of the Carillon returns after the Andantino to round off the movement in ABA form.
The Carillon portions of the music are written in E major, meter, Allegretto moderato tempo, and feature an ostinato bell-tone pattern (G, E, F) on the horns, perhaps suggesting tolling church bells, throughout. The main melody of the Carillon theme is scored for strings (and later the flutes); the other instruments for the most part play bell tones in support of the horns.
The Andantino is marked 'Entrée de la Mère Renaud' ('Entrance of Mère Renaud') in the 1885 piano vocal score of the incidental music. It is sometimes designated a siciliana or pastorale on account of its minor key, meter, and dotted rhythms. Originally written in C minor, it is here transposed up a semitone to C minor, the relative minor of E major, to facilitate the transition back to the Carillon theme. The main Andantino theme is initially played by the flutes, which are then joined by the oboes, and finally the saxophone. The horns then begin to insinuate themselves, quietly playing the bell theme again, in a skillful transition blending the A and B themes. The reprise of the Carillon theme follows, played first by the oboes before returning to the strings.
Suite No. 2 (1879)
1. Pastorale
The Pastorale begins with an introduction by the wind section, followed by the melody in the strings. The melodies are repeated by various sections throughout the first movement. In the suite, the opening section returns and concludes the piece. In the original version, the "central" section, which was a wordless chorus sung by women, ends the piece.
2. Intermezzo
The second movement features utilization of low tones and begins with the wind section. Guiraud adds twelve additional bars to the concluding section. Sometime after this second suite was prepared from the L'Arlésienne music, Guiraud extracted the Intermezzo movement, added the Latin sacred text of the Agnus Dei to it, and published it as yet another "new" work of Bizet.
3. Minuet
The menuet, which is not from L'Arlésienne, but from Bizet's 1866 opera The Fair Maid of Perth, features solos by harp, flute, and, later, saxophone (this replacing the vocal parts of the original).
4. Farandole
The finale, the farandole, incorporates the theme of the March of the Kings once again. This is an expanded combination of numbers 21 and 23-24 of the original incidental music, in which the farandole appears first on its own. It is afterwards briefly combined with the march.
Recordings
Audio
Incidental Music
Suites
Video
Films and television adaptations that use Bizet's music
Notable uses
Music from the L'Arlésienne suites was played extensively in "Hammer into Anvil", an episode of The Prisoner.
The "Carillon" and "Farandole" were used on two episodes of Disney Junior's Little Einsteins.
The "Carillon" was used in a very successful media campaign in Puerto Rico, launched in the late 1980s by the local importers of Finlandia vodka. It featured French-born photographer Guy Paizy playing the role of a sophisticated, womanizing classical orchestra conductor. The campaign is still remembered in the island nation, almost two decades after its inception.
Albanian dictator Enver Hoxha adopted the First Suite's "Prelude" as a military march during his reign.
The Japanese group Mihimaru GT uses the theme of the "Farandole" for their song "Theme of mihimaLIVE 2".
American songwriter, composer, and arranger Ben Homer created a jazz arrangement "Bizet Has His Day" from Georges Bizet's "Farandole" from L’Arlésienne, (1945).
Jazz musician Bob James arranged and recorded a jazz version of "Farandole" on his album Two (1975).
French choreographer Roland Petit created a ballet L'Arlésienne in 1974 which has been performed throughout the world, based on Daudet's short story and set against a Van Gogh landscape.
A rock version of "Farandole" appears in the Catherine video game by Atlus.
The song tune is also used in a character song called "England's Evil Summoning Song" from an anime called Hetalia: Axis Powers and was performed by Noriaki Sugiyama, who provided vocals for Arthur Kirkland/England. According to an interview with Noriaki in Hetalia Character CD Perfect Guide, the lyrics were entirely made up by the performer as the performance went on.
References
Further reading
Wright, Lesley A., Preface to the score for L'Arlésienne, Suite Nr. 1 für Orchester, Breitkopf & Härtel, 1998
Wright, Lesley A., Preface to the score for L'Arlésienne, Suite Nr. 2 für Orchester, Breitkopf & Härtel, 2001
External links
L'Arlésienne (Daudet), complete play in French, BnF
L'Arlésienne (Daudet), complete play in French, with Bizet's musical sketches, BnF
L'Arlésienne (Daudet), complete play in English, Internet Archive
Lou tambourin (Vidal), book about the tambourin, with traditional music collection, in Provençal/French, Internet Archive. See pages 246, 248, & 258 for tunes used by Bizet
Harms Historical Percussion (website--more about the Tambourin),
Compositions by Georges Bizet
Incidental music
Orchestral suites
1872 compositions
Adaptations of works by Alphonse Daudet |
Group B of the EuroBasket 2013 took place between 4 and 9 September 2013. The group played all of its games at Podmežakla Hall in Jesenice, Slovenia.
The group composed of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia. The three best ranked teams advanced to the second round.
Standings
|}
All times are local (UTC+2)
4 September
Latvia vs. Bosnia and Herzegovina
Macedonia vs. Montenegro
Serbia vs. Lithuania
5 September
Montenegro vs. Latvia
Bosnia and Herzegovina vs. Serbia
Lithuania vs. Macedonia
6 September
Montenegro vs. Bosnia and Herzegovina
Latvia vs. Lithuania
Macedonia vs. Serbia
7 September
Bosnia and Herzegovina vs. Macedonia
Serbia vs. Latvia
Lithuania vs. Montenegro
9 September
Latvia vs. Macedonia
Lithuania vs. Bosnia and Herzegovina
Montenegro vs. Serbia
External links
Standings and fixtures
Group B
2013–14 in Serbian basketball
2013–14 in Montenegrin basketball
2013–14 in Bosnia and Herzegovina basketball
2013–14 in Republic of Macedonia basketball
2013–14 in Latvian basketball |
Tismada is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
See also
List of towns in Central Province, Sri Lanka
External links
Populated places in Kandy District |
Boksburg High School is a public high school in Boksburg, a suburb of Ekurhuleni, South Africa. The school was founded in 1920 as the Rand East Training and Preparatory College under its first Principal, Mr Charter. In 1925, the school changed its name to Boksburg High School. Over the years, substantial additions to the campus grounds were made such the absorption of Leeuwpoort Primary School . The school has had seven Principals over its nearly 100 years history and its enrollment rate expanded from the first class of the REPTC which consisted of 13 students, to approximately 1600 students as of 2019, acceptance to which being highly sought after with the school often receiving more applications for admission than places available. The school is among the top performing schools in its district.
Governance
As other South African public schools, Boksburg High School is constituted and governed in terms of the South African Schools Act (No. 84 of 1996). It is under the authority of the Department of Basic Education through the provincial Gauteng Department of Education. It falls under the Ekurhuleni South education district.
The chief executive officer of the school is the Principal (also known as the Headmaster if male and Headmistress if female). This position is currently held by Mr E Thango. He succeeded Mrs Haahjem who was the interim Principal. Mrs Boshoff was the first female Principal of the school. She assumed the role upon the resignation of the previous Principal, Mr J. H. Du Plessis in 2016. Faculty members are divided by discipline into academic departments overseen by a Head of Department (HOD). Each grade is overseen by an Academic Grade Administrator and each academic class is assigned an Academic Class Administrator.
The School Governing Body (SGB), composed of parents and teachers elected by the Parent Teacher Association (PTA) every year and one of two Directors (the Headboy and Head Girl) who serve as ex officio members, carries out the daily management of the school. It decides on school policies such as those governing exclusion and admission. Besides electing the SGB, the PTA provides a platform for teachers and parents to deliberate on important issues and decide on key topics such as tuition fees.
Student representation is provided by the Representative Council of Learners. The council is co-chaired by the two Directors, under whom are eight deputy directors who act as House Captains. The executive committee is elected by and composed of grade 12 (or matric) students, of which the Directors and deputy directors are the highest-ranking members. Each House elects an equal number of members to the executive committee.
Academics
The school acts as an examination centre and provides teaching for the South African National Senior Certificate school-leaving matriculation qualification under the accreditation of the Council for Quality Assurance in General and Further Education of South Africa also known as Umalusi. It provides teaching in the following subject: Accounting, Afrikaans First Additional Language, Design, Economics, Engineering Graphical Design, English Home Language, Geography, History, Life Sciences, Life Orientation, Physical Sciences, Mathematics, Mathematical Literacy, Physical Sciences, Tourism, Visual Arts,Consumer Studies.
The school has had consistent and positive academic performance. It came in the top ten of the Ekurhuleni South education district for the past few years, its students have had the top ten marks in subjects in the district, province and nationally, and its teachers have been awarded for having some of the highest number of subject distinctions in the district. Moreover, the school has had over 95% of students pass the NSC final examinations for many years.
Location
The school's single campus is bounded by Leeuwpoort Street to the north, Trichardt Road to the west, Albu Road to the east and Dickens Street to the south. It lies in close proximity to a number of public amenities such the Boksburg CBD Taxi Rank (which lies to the northwest), Ekurhuleni Municipality Boksburg Customer Care Center and the Boksburg Public Library. The school lies close to other public and private schools in the surrounding area such as Christian Brothers College (which lies to the east across Albu Road) and Voortrekker High School (which lies several streets to the north). The Ekurhuleni scholastic bus service provides transportation to the school across a number of routes around Boksburg.
Facilities
The school campus features a wide array of academic, sport and general facilities and amenities. The School Hall facing Leeuwpoort Street across the Matric Brick gardens and paved area features a proscenium stage with backstage dressing rooms for dramatics and other performances and school events and gatherings. Most buildings are organised in quadrangles around a paved or gardened courtyard. Prefabricated classrooms provide additional teaching space.
The central administrative functions are carried out from and the main offices are located in the Admin Block, in front of which the school flag flies. The Finance Block adjacent to the Acheson Quadrangle houses the finance department. The tallest building on campus, the Library sits in the Acheson Quad. The Indoor Sports Centre, housed in the Charter Quadrangle, is a venue for winter sports games and practice matches such as indoor hockey.
Across the concrete hockey slab on the Leeuwpoort Quadrangle, lies the Old Mutual Mathematics Centre. The centre provides teaching space and additional facilities dedicated to Mathematics and Mathematical Literacy subjects. The school has a WiFi network which connects teachers to online resources and support. Students can access similar services in dedicated computer centres such as the one in the Taylor Quadrangle. Some classes have computers and specialised software for students in specific subject disciplines such as the software used in the teaching of Geography students.
Houses
The School's houses are Celts, Gauls, Picts and Scots represented by the colours red, purple, green and yellow or gold respectively. The school house system was founded early in the school's history, based on similar systems prevalent in English schools. They were based on European tribes. Each house is overseen by a Dean who is assisted by one or more Deputy Deans. Students are grouped according to classes assigned to a teacher (faculty member) who is a member of that house. Each class elects a Class Representative who is a member of the RCL. Matric students elect tw′o House Captains who act as deputy directors on the executive committee of the RCL and they elect other members of the executive committee of the RCL as well. All houses have equal representation except when one or both of the Directors come from that House.
Houses participate and compete in inter-house cultural and sports competitions against each other such as the Inter House Athletics competition and the Grade 8 Revue. The aggregate performance of each House over the academic year is totalled across four categories (spirit, academics, sport and culture) and ranked at the end of the year. The best house overall is awarded the Viking Cup, while the best house(s) in academics, sport, spirit and culture are awarded the Polaris, Gladiator, Valkyrie and Havamal Cups respectively. Each house holds an assembly at least once a week should the weather permit in one of the school's quadrangles on an annual rotation in which important announcements are made, cheers and chants are rehearsed, registers are taken, and dress and hair are inspected, among other activities.
Notable alumni
Glenda Gray - Chairperson of the South African Medical Research Council, recipient of the Order of Mapungubwe (Silver)
Lerato Marabe - South African actress known for her role in the SABC1 television drama Skeem Saam.
Lerato Kganyago - Media personality and television presenter, Golden Horn Award winner.
Vanessa Cilliers - Miss South Africa 2001 pageant winner.
References
External links
Boksburg High School Official Website
Boksburg High School History
Schools in Gauteng
Educational institutions established in 1920
1920 establishments in South Africa
Ekurhuleni |
Conioscyphales is an order of freshwater and terrestrial fungi within the division Ascomycota. It is in the subclass Savoryellomycetidae and the class Sordariomycetes and the subdivision of Pezizomycotina.
It only contains the monotypic family Conioscyphaceae and the monotypic genus Conioscypha (which has 18 species).
It was formerly in subclass Hypocreomycetidae , until 2017, when it was placed in subclass Savoryellomycetidae . Although still located within class Sordariomycetes.
The Conioscypha clade, based on molecular data, was considered as Ascomycota incertae sedis with Conioscypha and Conioscyphascus considered congeneric (Réblová and Seifert, 2004, Zelski et al., 2015 ) with Conioscypha accepted as the recommend name under the one name protocol (Réblová et al. 2016a).
In 2016, phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from nuclear ribosomal and protein-coding loci support the placement of several perithecial ascomycetes and dematiaceous hyphomycetes from freshwater and terrestrial environments in two monophyletic clades closely related to the Savoryellales. In the analysis, clade 45 represents the order Conioscyphales, which was established by Réblová et al. (2016a), with a single family Conioscyphaceae. They also introduced two new species, Conioscypha aquatica and Conioscypha submersa. It is a sister clade to orders Pleurotheciales and Savoryellales.
Description
Conioscypha (the sole genus in the Conioscyphales) is generally characterised by aseptate, dark brown conidia and a unique mode of blastic conidiogenesis, when conidia are born in cyathiform (in the form of a cup, a little widened at the top) to doliiform (shaped like a barrel or cask) blastic conidiogenous cells surrounded by hyaline (transparent), cup-like collarettes with a multilamellar (having (or affecting) multiple lamellae) structure (Shearer & Motta 1973).
Distribution
It has a cosmopolitan distribution across the globe. They have been found in South America, Australia and New Zealand, as well as parts of North America, Europe and Africa.
References
Taxa described in 2018
Ascomycota orders
Sordariomycetes |
The Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography And Marketing (CAN-SPAM) Act of 2003 is a law passed in 2003 establishing the United States' first national standards for the sending of commercial e-mail. The law requires the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to enforce its provisions. Introduced by Republican Conrad Burns, the act passed both the House and Senate during the 108th United States Congress and was signed into law by President George W. Bush in December 2003.
History
The backronym CAN-SPAM derives from the bill's full name: Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography And Marketing Act of 2003. It plays on the word "canning" (putting an end to) spam, as in the usual term for unsolicited email of this type. The bill was sponsored in Congress by Senators Conrad Burns and Ron Wyden.
The CAN-SPAM Act is occasionally referred to by critics as the "You-Can-Spam" Act because the bill fails to prohibit many types of e-mail spam and preempts some state laws that would otherwise have provided victims with practical means of redress. In particular, it does not require e-mailers to get permission before they send marketing messages. It also prevents states from enacting stronger anti-spam protections, and prohibits individuals who receive spam from suing spammers except under laws not specific to e-mail. The Act has been largely unenforced, despite a letter to the FTC from Senator Burns, who noted that "Enforcement is key regarding the CAN-SPAM legislation." In 2004, less than 1% of spam complied with the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003.
The law prescribed the FTC to report back to Congress within 24 months of the effectiveness of the act. Once this took place, no changes were recommended. It also requires the FTC to promulgate rules to shield consumers from unwanted mobile phone spam. On December 20, 2005 the FTC reported that the volume of spam has begun to level off, and due to enhanced anti-spam technologies, less was reaching consumer inboxes. A significant decrease in sexually explicit e-mail was also reported.
Later modifications changed the original CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 by (1) Adding a definition of the term "person"; (2) Modifying the term "sender"; (3) Clarifying that a sender may comply with the act by including a post office box or private mailbox; and (4) Clarifying that to submit a valid opt-out request, a recipient cannot be required to pay a fee, provide information other than his or her email address and opt-out preferences, or take any other steps other than sending a reply email message or visiting a single page on an Internet website.
The mechanics of CAN-SPAM
Applicability
CAN-SPAM, a direct response of the growing number of complaints over spam e-mails, defines a "commercial electronic mail message" as "any electronic mail message the primary purpose of which is the commercial advertisement or promotion of a commercial product or service (including content on an Internet website operated for a commercial purpose)." It exempts "transactional or relationship messages." The FTC issued final rules () clarifying the phrase "primary purpose" on December 16, 2004. Previous state laws had used bulk (a number threshold), content (commercial), or unsolicited to define spam. The explicit restriction of the law to commercial e-mails is widely considered by those in the industry to essentially exempt purely political and religious e-mail from its specific requirements. Such non-commercial messages also have stronger First Amendment protection, as shown in Jaynes v. Commonwealth.
Congress determined that the US government was showing an increased interest in the regulation of commercial electronic mail nationally, that those who send commercial e-mails should not mislead recipients over the source or content of them, and that all recipients of such emails have a right to decline them. However, CAN-SPAM does not ban spam emailing outright, but imposes laws on using deceptive marketing methods through headings that are "materially false or misleading". In addition there are conditions that email marketers must meet in terms of their format, their content, and labeling. The three basic types of compliance defined in the CAN-SPAM Act—unsubscribe, content, and sending behavior — are as follows:
Unsubscribe compliance
A visible and operable unsubscribe mechanism is present in all emails.
Consumer opt-out requests are honored within 10 business days.
Opt-out lists also known as suppression lists are used only for compliance purposes.
Content compliance
Accurate "From" lines
Relevant subject lines (relative to offer in body content and not deceptive)
A legitimate physical address of the publisher or advertiser is present. PO Box addresses are acceptable in compliance with and if the email is sent by a third party, the legitimate physical address of the entity, whose products or services are promoted through the email should be visible.
A label is present if the content is adult.
Sending behavior compliance
A message cannot be sent without an unsubscribe option.
A message cannot contain a false header
A message should contain at least one sentence.
A message cannot be null.
Unsubscribe option should be below the message.
There are no restrictions against a company emailing its existing customers or anyone who has inquired about its products or services, even if these individuals have not given permission, as these messages are classified as "relationship" messages under CAN-SPAM. But when sending unsolicited commercial emails, it must be stated that the email is an advertisement or a marketing solicitation. Note that recipients who have signed up to receive commercial messages from you are exempt from this rule.
If a user opts out, a sender has ten days to cease sending and can use that email address only for compliance purposes. The legislation also prohibits the sale or other transfer of an e-mail address after an opt-out request. The law also requires that the unsubscribe mechanism must be able to process opt-out requests for at least 30 days after the transmission of the original message.
Use of automated means to register for multiple e-mail accounts from which to send spam compound other violations. It prohibits sending sexually oriented spam without the label later determined by the FTC of "SEXUALLY EXPLICIT." This label replaced the similar state labeling requirements of "ADV:ADLT" or "ADLT."
CAN-SPAM makes it a misdemeanor to send spam with falsified header information. A host of other common spamming practices can make a CAN-SPAM violation an "aggravated offense," including harvesting, dictionary attacks, IP address spoofing, hijacking computers through Trojan horses or worms, or using open mail relays for the purpose of sending spam.
Criminal offenses
Although according to the law, legitimate businesses and marketers should be conscientious regarding the aspects mentioned above, there are misinterpretations and fraudulent practices that are viewed as criminal offenses:
Sending multiple spam emails with the use of a hijacked computer
Sending multiple emails through Internet Protocol addresses that the sender represents falsely as being his/her property
Trying to disguise the source of the email and to deceive recipients regarding the origins of the emails, by routing them through other computers
Sending multiple spam emails via multiple mailings with falsified information in the header
Using various email accounts obtained by falsifying account registration information, in order to send multiple spam emails.
Private right of action
CAN-SPAM provides a limited private right of action to Internet Access Services that have been adversely affected by the receipt of emails that violate the Act; and does not allow natural persons to bring suit. A CAN-SPAM plaintiff must satisfy a higher standard of proof as compared with government agencies enforcing the Act; thus, a private plaintiff must demonstrate that the defendant either sent the email at issue or paid another person to send it knowing that the sender would violate the Act. Despite this heightened standard, private CAN-SPAM lawsuits have cropped up around the country, as plaintiffs seek to take advantage of the statutory damages available under the Act.
Overriding state anti-spam laws
CAN-SPAM preempts (supersedes) state anti-spam laws that do not deal with false or deceptive activity. The relevant portion of CAN-SPAM reads:
This chapter supersedes any statute, regulation, or rule of a State or political subdivision of a State that expressly regulates the use of electronic mail to send commercial messages, except to the extent that any such statute, regulation, or rule prohibits falsity or deception in any portion of a commercial electronic mail message or information attached thereto.
Though this move was criticized by some anti-spam activists, some legal commentators praised it, citing a heavily punitive California law seen as over broad and a wave of allegedly dubious suits filed in Utah.
CAN-SPAM and the FTC
CAN-SPAM allows the FTC to implement a national do-not-email list similar to the FTC's popular National Do Not Call Registry against telemarketing, or to report back to Congress why the creation of such a list is not currently feasible. The FTC soundly rejected this proposal, and such a list will not be implemented. The FTC concluded that the lack of authentication of email would undermine the list, and it could raise security concerns.
The legislation prohibits e-mail recipients from suing spammers or filing class-action lawsuits. It allows enforcement by the FTC, State Attorneys General, Internet service providers, and other federal agencies for special categories of spammers (such as banks). An individual might be able to sue as an ISP if (s)he ran a mail server, but this would likely be cost-prohibitive and would not necessarily hold up in court. Individuals can also sue using state laws about fraud, such as Virginia's that gives standing based on actual damages, in effect limiting enforcement to ISPs.
The McCain amendment made businesses promoted in spam subject to FTC penalties and enforcement remedies, if they knew or should have known that their business was being promoted by the use of spam. This amendment was designed to close a loophole that allowed those running affiliate programs to allow spammers to abuse their programs, and encouraged such businesses to assist the FTC in identifying such spammers.
Senator Corzine sponsored an amendment to allow bounties for some informants. The FTC has limited these bounties to individuals with inside information. The bounties are expected to be over $100,000 but none have been awarded yet.
Reaction
Those opposing spam greeted the new law with dismay and disappointment, almost immediately dubbing it the "You Can Spam" Act. Internet activists who work to stop spam stated that the Act would not prevent any spam — in fact, it appeared to give federal approval to the practice, and it was feared that spam would increase as a result of the law. CAUCE (Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial Email) stated:
This legislation fails the most fundamental test of any anti-spam law, in that it neglects to actually tell any marketers not to spam. Instead, it gives each marketer in the United States one free shot at each consumer's e-mail inbox, and will force companies to continue to deploy costly and disruptive anti-spam technologies to block advertising messages from reaching their employees on company time and using company resources. It also fails to learn from the experiences of the states and other countries that have tried "opt-out" legal frameworks, where marketers must be asked to stop, to no avail.
AOL Executive Vice President and General Counsel Randall Boe stated:
[CAN-SPAM] not only empowered us to help can the spam, but also to can the spammers as well. ... Our actions today clearly demonstrate that CAN-SPAM is alive and kicking — and we're using it to give hardcore, outlaw spammers the boot.
Advertising organizations such as the Data & Marketing Association (DMA) have sought to weaken implementation of the law in various ways. These include lengthening the time for honoring opt-outs from 10 business days to 31 calendar days, limiting the validity of opt-out requests to no more than two to three years, and eliminating rewards to persons who assist the Federal Trade Commission in enforcement of the act. The DMA has also opposed provisions requiring the subject line of spam to indicate that the message is an advertisement.
Criminal enforcement
On February 16, 2005, Anthony Greco, 18, of Cheektowaga, New York, was the first person to be arrested under the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003. After pleading guilty, he was sentenced in a closed session.
Within a few months, hundreds of lawsuits had been filed by an alliance of ISPs. Many of these efforts resulted in settlements; most are still pending. Though most defendants were "John Does," many spam operations, such as Scott Richter's, were known.
On April 29, 2004, the United States government brought the first criminal and civil charges under the Act. Criminal charges were filed by the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Michigan, and the FTC filed a civil enforcement action in the Northern District of Illinois. The defendants were a company, Phoenix Avatar, and four associated individuals: Daniel J. Lin, James J. Lin, Mark M. Sadek, and Christopher Chung of West Bloomfield, Michigan. Defendants were charged with sending hundreds of thousands of spam emails advertising a "diet patch" and "hormone products." The FTC stated that these products were effectively worthless. Authorities said they face up to five years in prison under the anti-spam law and up to 20 years in prison under U.S. mail fraud statutes.
On September 27, 2004, Nicholas Tombros pled guilty to charges and became the first spammer to be convicted under the Can-Spam Act of 2003. He was sentenced in July 2007 to three years probation, six months house arrest, and a fine of $10,000.
On April 1, 2006, Mounir Balarbi, of Tangier, Morocco, was the first person outside the United States to have an arrest warrant validated under the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003. Mounir's trial was held in absentia, and he was sentenced in a closed session.
On January 16, 2006, Jeffrey Goodin, 45, of Azusa, California, was convicted by a jury in United States district court in Los Angeles in United States v. Goodin, U.S. District Court, Central District of California, 06-110, under the CAN-SPAM Act (the first conviction under the Act), and on June 11, 2007, he was sentenced to 70 months in federal prison. Out of a potential sentence of 101 years, prosecutors asked for a sentence of 94 months. Goodin was already detained in custody, as he had missed a court hearing.
As of late 2006, CAN-SPAM has been all but ignored by spammers. A review of spam levels in October 2006 estimated that 75% of all email messages were spam, and the number of spam emails complying with the requirements of the law were estimated to be 0.27% of all spam emails. , about 90% of email was spam.
On August 25, 2005, three people were indicted on two counts of fraud and one count of criminal conspiracy. On March 6, 2006 Jennifer R. Clason, 33, of Raymond, New Hampshire, pled guilty and was to be sentenced on June 5, 2006. She faced a maximum sentence of 5 years on each of the three counts and agreed to forfeit money received in the commission of these crimes. On June 25, 2007, the remaining two were convicted of spamming out millions of e-mail messages that included hardcore pornographic images. Jeffrey A. Kilbride, 41, of Venice, California, and James R. Schaffer, 41, of Paradise Valley, Arizona, were convicted on eight counts in U.S. District Court in Phoenix, Arizona. Both were sentenced to five years in prison, and ordered to forfeit $1,300,000. The charges included conspiracy, fraud, money laundering, and transportation of obscene materials. The trial, which began on June 5, was the first to include charges under the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003, according to the Department of Justice. The specific law that prosecutors used under the CAN-Spam Act was designed to crack down on the transmission of pornography in spam. Two other men, Andrew D. Ellifson, 31, of Scottsdale, Arizona, and Kirk F. Rogers, 43, of Manhattan Beach, California, also pled guilty to charges under the CAN-SPAM Act related to this spamming operation. Both were scheduled to be sentenced on June 5, 2006 in Phoenix. After sentencing, Ellifson received a presidential pardon by President Obama.
Civil enforcement
In July 2005, the Federal Trade Commission lodged civil CAN-SPAM complaints against nine companies alleging that they were responsible for spam emails that had been sent by them or by their affiliates. Eight of the nine companies, Cyberheat of Tucson, Arizona,
APC Entertainment, Inc., of Davie, Florida, MD Media, Inc., of Bingham Farms, Michigan, Pure Marketing Solutions, LLC, of Tampa, Florida, TJ Web Productions, LLC, of Tampa, Florida, and BangBros.com, Inc., RK Netmedia, Inc., and OX Ideas, Inc., LLC, of Miami, Florida entered into stipulated consent decrees. Impulse Media Group, Inc. of Seattle, Washington, represented by CarpeLaw PLLC, defended the case brought against it.
The Department of Justice asserted that the CAN-SPAM statute imposed strict-liability on producers such as Impulse Media for the actions of its non-agent, independent-contractor affiliates. However, the two courts to consider that argument rejected the DOJ's contention. In March 2008 the remaining defendant, Impulse Media Group, went to trial. At trial, it was determined that IMG's Affiliate Agreement specifically prohibited spam bulk-email and that if an affiliate violated that agreement, it would be terminated from the program. In fact, several affiliates had been terminated for that very reason. After a 2½ day trial, the jury retired to determine whether Impulse Media should be held liable for the bad acts of its affiliates. Three and one-half hours later, the jury returned with a verdict that IMG was not liable and that the emails were the fault of the affiliates.
In March 2006, the FTC obtained its largest settlement to date—a $900,000 consent decree against Jumpstart Technologies, LLC for numerous alleged violations of the CAN-SPAM act. However, the FTC has never prevailed at trial with their theory of strict liability.
See also
Communications Act of 1934 ()
Do-Not-Call Implementation Act of 2003 ()
Email spam
General Data Protection Regulation
Junk Fax Prevention Act of 2005 ()
Spamming
Suppression list
Email spam legislation by country
References
Notes
Lee, Younghwa (June 2005). "The CAN-SPAM Act: A Silver Bullet Solution?". Communications of the ACM, p. 131–132.
Citations
External links
CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 (PDF/details) as amended in the GPO Statute Compilations collection
The full text of the CAN-SPAM Act in HTML Format
FCC CAN-SPAM Act Policy
CAN-SPAM Act: FTC Compliance Guide
Cybertelecom :: Can Spam Act
Hearing on SPAM and Its Effects on Small Business (October 30, 2003), House of Representatives, Committee on Small Business, Subcommittee on Regulatory Reform and Oversight
Acts of the 108th United States Congress
United States federal computing legislation
Spamming
United States federal commerce legislation
United States federal privacy legislation |
Euphorbia polygonifolia, known by the common names of seaside sandmat and seaside spurge, is a member of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It is an annual herb, native to the east coast of the United States and the Great Lakes. It has also been introduced to the Atlantic coasts of France and Spain.
References
polygonifolia
Flora of the Eastern United States |
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``` |
Vanita Kayiwa, is a Ugandan airline transport pilot, who serves as a first officer at Uganda National Airlines Company, Uganda's national carrier airline, on the A330-841 aircraft, since February 2021. Before that, effective April 2019, she served as a first officer on the CRJ 900 equipment, at the same airline.
Background and education
She was born in Buziga, a neighborhood in Makindye Division, in Kampala, Uganda's capital and largest city. She obtained her Commercial pilot licence from the East African Civil Aviation Academy, in Soroti, in the Eastern Region of Uganda.
More recently, she has successfully completed type rating training on the CRJ900 at CAE Phoenix, in Mesa, Arizona, United States. In 2019, she was a member of the cockpit crew that piloted the inaugural flight from Entebbe International Airport to Kilimanjaro International Airport, on the CRJ900.
In 2020, she was among the pilots selected to train on the A330-800 aircraft. She successfully completed the type rating training at Airbus Training Centre in Miami, Florida, during the fourth quarter of that year.
Career
Kayiwa has spent most of her flying career at Air Serv Limited, piloting Cessna 208 Caravans. She first flew as a first officer, before she was promoted to captain on the Cessna 208, in 2016. She is the first Ugandan woman to make captain at Air Serv Limited, since that airline was founded in 1987. In April 2019, she was hired by Uganda National Airlines Company, as one of a small number of female pilots at the airline. She was part of the cockpit crew that made the inaugural flight between Entebbe, Uganda (EBB) and Kilimanjaro, Tanzania (KIA), in 2019.
As of February 2021, she was one of the five female pilots at Uganda Airlines, out of a total of 50 aviators. At that time, she and Tina Drazu were the only two female pilots who were part of the cockpit crew on the A330-841 equipment at Uganda Airlines.
See also
Michael Etiang
Tina Drazu
Rita Nasirumbi
Esther Mbabazi
Notes
References
External links
UTB ready to work with Uganda Airlines to promote country – Ajarova As of 23 April 2019.
Brief Profile
Meet The Two Women Pilots Flying The Uganda Airlines A330-800neo
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Ugandan aviators
Women aviators
People from Kampala
East African Civil Aviation Academy alumni
Ganda people
Commercial aviators
Women commercial aviators |
Ashraful Hossain (born 11 September 1989) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He made three first-class appearances for Chittagong Division in 2008. He was part of Bangladesh's squad for the 2008 Under-19 Cricket World Cup.
References
External links
1989 births
Living people
Bangladeshi cricketers
Chittagong Division cricketers
Cricketers from Chittagong |
The Bombardment of Alexandria in Egypt by the British Mediterranean Fleet took place on 11–13 July 1882.
Admiral Beauchamp Seymour was in command of a fleet of fifteen Royal Navy ironclad ships which had previously sailed to the harbor of Alexandria to support the khedive Tewfik Pasha amid Ahmed 'Urabi's nationalist uprising against his administration and its close ties to British and French financiers. He was joined in the show of force by a French flotilla as well. The move provided some security to the khedive, who withdrew his court to the now-protected port, but strengthened 'Urabi's nationalists within the army and throughout the remainder of Egypt. On 11 June, anti-European riots began in Alexandria. The city's European residents fled and the Egyptian 'Urabist army began fortifying and arming the harbor. An ultimatum to cease this build-up being refused, the British fleet began a 10½-hour bombardment of the city without French assistance. Historians argue about whether Admiral Seymour exaggerated the threat from the Egyptian batteries at Alexandria in order to force the hand of a reluctant Gladstone administration. Once the British had attacked the city, they then proceeded to a full-scale invasion to restore the authority of the khedive. Egypt remained under British influence until 1952, with the last British troops leaving in 1956.
Background (1869–1882)
In 1869, Khedive Isma'il of Egypt inaugurated the Suez Canal, which was a joint venture between the Egyptian Government and the French-led Suez Canal Company. During the excavation of the canal so many Egyptian workers died that it became common in the collective memory of Egyptians to say that Egyptian blood ran in the canal before the water of the seas. The canal cut sailing time from Britain to India by weeks and Britain's interest in Egypt grew.
Due to the excessive spending of the Egyptian Government under the ambitious Khedive, Britain purchased the Khedive's shares of the Suez Canal company in 1875, thus becoming a substantial partner, owning 40% of the total share issue. French and British concern over Egypt's mounting debts led to the establishment of a de facto Anglo-French condominium over Egypt which was still nominally part of the Ottoman Empire. Egyptian nationalism was sparked and, after a revolt by Egyptian troops in 1881, complete control of the government was held by 'Urabi Pasha by February 1882. The rebellion expressed resentment of foreigners.
'Urabi organized a militia and marched on Alexandria. Meanwhile, the European powers gathered in Constantinople to discuss reestablishing the power of the Khedive and an Anglo-French fleet was ordered to the port of Alexandria. The Egyptians began reinforcing and upgrading their fortifications and the British House of Commons ordered ships to be temporarily dispatched from the Channel Fleet to Malta under Admiral Seymour's command.
On 20 May 1882, the combined Anglo-French fleet, consisting of the British battleship , the and four gunboats arrived in Alexandria. By 5 June, six more warships had entered Alexandria harbour and more cruised off the coast. The reasons that the British government sent warships to Alexandria is an object of historical debate, with arguments proposed that it was to protect the Suez Canal and prevent anarchy, and other arguments claiming that it was to protect the interests of British investors with assets in Egypt (see 1882 Anglo-Egyptian War).
The presence of the foreign fleet exacerbated the tensions in Alexandria between the nationalist forces and the large foreign and Christian population. On 11 and 12 June ferocious riots erupted, possibly started by 'Urabi's supporters but also blamed upon the Khedive himself as a false flag operation. Over 50 Europeans and 125 Egyptians were killed in the fracas that began near Place Mehmet Ali with British Admiral Seymour, who was ashore at the time, narrowly escaping the mob. Upon learning of the riot, 'Urabi ordered his forces to restore order.
The reaction by European countries to the disturbance was swift. As refugees fled Alexandria, a flotilla of over 26 ships belonging to most of the countries of Europe gathered in the harbour. By 6 July nearly every non-Egyptian had evacuated Alexandria. Meanwhile, the garrison had continued to fortify the various forts and towers with additional guns until Admiral Seymour issued an ultimatum to 'Urabi's forces to stop fortifying or the British fleet would bombard the city. That same day, the French Admiral Conrad, had informed Seymour that in the event of British bombardment, the French fleet would depart for Port Said and would not participate in the bombardment.
The ultimatum, which was ignored amid denials of the defensive works by the Egyptian governor, was set to expire at 7:00 am on 11 July.
Battle
At daybreak the gun-ship Helicon was dispatched into the harbour flying flags saying she was carrying a message from the Egyptian government to the city defenders.
At 7:00 a.m. on 11 July Admiral Seymour aboard HMS Invincible signaled to to commence firing at the Ras El Tin fortifications followed by the general order to attack the enemy's batteries. According to Royle, "[a] steady cannonade was maintained by the attacking and defending forces, and for the next few hours the roar of the guns and the shrieks of passing shot and shell were alone audible." The attack was carried out by the off-shore squadron as it was underway, the ships turning from time to time to keep up the barrage. This was not entirely effective and by 9:40, HMS Sultan, HMS Superb and HMS Alexandra anchored off the Lighthouse Fort and concentrated their now-stationary batteries on Ras El Tin. The fort battery was able to score hits, particularly on Alexandra, but by 12:30, Inflexible had joined the attack and the fort's guns were silenced.
Meanwhile, HMS Temeraire had taken on the Mex Forts (with Invincible splitting its broadsides between Ras El Tin and Mex) and was causing damage to Mex when she grounded on a reef. The gunboat HMS Condor (Beresford) went to her assistance and she was refloated and resumed the attack on the Mex fort. While the off-shore squadron was engaging the forts at long-range, HMS Monarch, HMS Penelope and HMS Condor were ordered into close engagements with the forts at Maza El Kanat and Fort Marabout.
HMS Condor, seeing that Invincible was within range of the guns at Fort Marabout, sailed to within 1,200 feet of the fort and began furiously firing at the fort. When Fort Marabout's guns were disabled, the flagship signaled "Well Done, Condor." The Condors action allowed the ships to finish off Fort Mex.
With the Mex Fort's guns silenced, HMS Sultan signaled to Invincible to attack Fort Adda, which she did with the assistance of Temeraire. At 1:30, a lucky shell from HMS Superb blew up the magazine of Fort Adda, and those batteries ceased firing. At about this time, the British fleet began to run short of ammunition. However, nearly all of the guns from Fort Adda west were silenced. HMS Superb, Inflexible and Temeraire focused their fire on the remaining eastern forts until, at 5:15, the general order to cease fire was issued. The Egyptians, both outmanned and outgunned, had used their firepower to good effect, but the outcome of the bombardment had never been in doubt. The Cairo newspaper El Taif erroneously reported that the Egyptian forts had sunk three ships.
The next day, HMS Temeraire reconnoitered the forts and discovered that the Hospital battery had reconstituted its defences. At 10:30 a.m., Temeraire and Inflexible opened fire, and the battery raised the flag of truce at 10:48 a.m. Very soon an Egyptian boat set out to the flagship bearing the flag of truce, and a cease-fire was ordered. By 2:50 p.m., HMS Bittern signaled that the negotiations had failed and the bombardment was to resume. Still, most of the forts flew white flags and an irregular cannonade by the British fleet began.
By 4:00 p.m. a fire had broken out on shore, and by evening the fire had engulfed the wealthiest quarter of Alexandria, the area predominantly inhabited by Europeans. The fire raged for the next two days before it burned itself out. Admiral Seymour, unsure of the situation in the city, didn't land any troops to take control of the city or fight the fire. It was not until 14 July that British marines and sailors landed in Alexandria.
Aftermath
It has been estimated that as many as 30 percent of the shells fired by the Royal Navy missed their targets and landed in the city itself, causing death and injury among the inhabitants, damaging or destroying many buildings, and starting fires which spread over the following days. This damage was exacerbated by panic, looting and arson, while many buildings rendered unsafe by the bombardment were subsequently demolished by the British during their occupation.
British sailors and marines landed and attempted to take control of the blackened ruins of the city and prevent the looting, while propping up the Khedive's shaky government. Eventually order was restored, and a month later General Garnet Wolseley landed a large force of British troops in Alexandria as a staging location for attacking 'Urabi near the Suez Canal at the Battle of Tell El Kebir.
Photographer Luigi Fiorillo created an album of fifty pages showing the changes in Alexandria from start to finish of this attack. These photos can now be found online at The American University of Cairo in the Rare Books and Special Collections Digital Library. This digital library was established in the fall of 2011 and the photographs of the Bombardment of Alexandria were compiled between June and August 2012.
The bombardment was described in disparaging terms by British MP Henry Richard:
I find a man prowling about my house with obviously felonious purposes. I hasten to get locks and bars, and to barricade my windows. He says that is an insult and threat to him, and he batters down my doors, and declares that he does so only as an act of strict self-defence.
After that the Urabi revolt was put down. Egypt came under partial British military occupation and significant governmental supervision (including as an outright British Protectorate from 1914-22) and remained under British domination through the Second World War.
British Fleet
Battleships
HMS Alexandra
HMS Superb
HMS Sultan
HMS Temeraire
HMS Inflexible
HMS Monarch
HMS Invincible
HMS Penelope
Torpedo boat
Despatch boat
Gunvessels
Egyptian forts
Citadel of El Max
Citadel of Qaitbay
Fort Adda
Fort Agami
Fort Kamaria
Fort Marabout
Fort Omuk Kebebe
Fort Ras El Tin
Fort Saleh Aga
Fort Silsileh
Marza El Kana
See also
List of conflicts in the Near East
References
Bibliography
Further reading
Alexandria
Alexandria
Military history of Alexandria
Alexandria
1882 in Egypt
19th-century military history of the United Kingdom
July 1882 events
19th century in Alexandria |
A scleral lens, also known as a scleral contact lens, is a large contact lens that rests on the sclera and creates a tear-filled vault over the cornea. Scleral lenses are designed to treat a variety of eye conditions, many of which do not respond to other forms of treatment.
Uses
Medical uses
Scleral lenses may be used to improve vision and reduce pain and light sensitivity for people with a growing number of disorders or injuries to the eye, such as severe dry eye syndrome, microphthalmia, keratoconus, corneal ectasia, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, Sjögren's syndrome, aniridia, neurotrophic keratitis (anesthetic corneas), complications post-LASIK, higher-order aberrations of the eye, complications post-corneal transplant and pellucid degeneration. Injuries to the eye such as surgical complications, distorted corneal implants, as well as chemical and burn injuries also may be treated by the use of scleral lenses.
Sclerals may also be used in people with eyes that are too sensitive for other smaller corneal-type lenses, but require a more rigid lens for vision correction conditions such as astigmatism.
Special effects
Scleral lenses are not to be confused with "sclera" lenses, which are soft lenses and do not contain a fluid reservoir. "Sclera" contacts are used in movies such as the whited-out eyes of the monsters in Evil Dead, or blacked-out eyes in Underworld and Underworld: Evolution, or the Star Trek episode Where No Man Has Gone Before. These lenses can become uncomfortable when worn for long periods of time and can sometimes impede the actors' vision, but the visual effects produced can be striking. These lenses can be custom-painted, although most companies only sell lenses with a pre-designed look which are extremely popular for halloween and cosplay fancy dress costumes.
Eye movement measurement
In experiments in ophthalmology or cognitive science, scleral lenses with embedded mirrors or with embedded magnetic field sensors in form of wire coils (called scleral coils) are commonly used for measuring eye movements.
Design
Modern scleral lenses are made of a highly oxygen permeable polymer. They are unique in their design in that they fit onto and are supported by the sclera, the white portion of the eye. The cause of this unique positioning is usually relevant to a specific patient, whose cornea may be too sensitive to support the lens directly. In comparison to corneal contact lenses, scleral lenses bulge outward considerably more. The space between the cornea and the lens is filled with artificial tears. The liquid, which is contained in a thin elastic reservoir, conforms to the irregularities of the deformed cornea, allowing vision to be restored comfortably. This helps to give the patient BCVA, or Best Corrected Visual Acuity.
Scleral lenses differ from corneal contact lenses in that they create a space between the cornea and the lens, which is filled with fluid. The prosthetic application of the lenses is to cover or "bandage" the ocular surface, providing a therapeutic environment for managing severe ocular surface disease. The outward bulge of scleral lenses and the liquid-filled space between the cornea and the lens also conforms to irregular corneas and may neutralize corneal surface irregularities.
Usage
Insertion
Scleral lenses may be inserted into the eye directly from the fingers, from a hand held plunger, or from a stationary lighted plunger on a stand. Prior to inserting the scleral, the lens is over-filled with a sterile saline or other prescribed solution mixture. Some fluid is allowed to drip from the lens as it is inserted in order to ensure no bubbles become trapped under the lens after it is seated on the eye. If there is a bubble trapped then it is usually recommended to remove the lens and reinsert it. The lens can then be rotated to the correct orientation, often denoted by a mark at either the "top" or the "bottom" of the lens. A "left" scleral lens is often marked with two dots, and a "right" is marked with one dot. Less commonly, the "right lens" may instead be tinted blue to indicate "right".
Removal and storage
Scleral lenses are removed using the fingers, or a small lens removal plunger. Lenses are then cleaned and sanitized before reinsertion. Scleral lenses cannot be worn while sleeping and many wearers sanitize their lenses overnight. Unlike regular contact lenses, many sclerals can be stored dry when unused for longer periods of time.
History
A scleral lens is a prototypical lens dating back to the early 1880s. Originally these lenses were designed by using a substance to take a mold of the eye. Lenses would then be shaped to conform to the mould, initially using blown glass and then ground glass in the 1920s and polymethyl methacrylate in the 1940s. Early sclerals were not oxygen permeable, which severely restricted the amount of oxygen provided to the cornea of the wearer. As such, early lenses fell into disuse until the 1970s.
References
External links
Scleral Lens Education Society
Contact lenses
Corrective lenses |
```python
"""A PEP 517 interface to setuptools
Previously, when a user or a command line tool (let's call it a "frontend")
needed to make a request of setuptools to take a certain action, for
example, generating a list of installation requirements, the frontend would
would call "setup.py egg_info" or "setup.py bdist_wheel" on the command line.
PEP 517 defines a different method of interfacing with setuptools. Rather
than calling "setup.py" directly, the frontend should:
1. Set the current directory to the directory with a setup.py file
2. Import this module into a safe python interpreter (one in which
setuptools can potentially set global variables or crash hard).
3. Call one of the functions defined in PEP 517.
What each function does is defined in PEP 517. However, here is a "casual"
definition of the functions (this definition should not be relied on for
bug reports or API stability):
- `build_wheel`: build a wheel in the folder and return the basename
- `get_requires_for_build_wheel`: get the `setup_requires` to build
- `prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel`: get the `install_requires`
- `build_sdist`: build an sdist in the folder and return the basename
- `get_requires_for_build_sdist`: get the `setup_requires` to build
Again, this is not a formal definition! Just a "taste" of the module.
"""
import os
import sys
import tokenize
import shutil
import contextlib
import setuptools
import distutils
class SetupRequirementsError(BaseException):
def __init__(self, specifiers):
self.specifiers = specifiers
class Distribution(setuptools.dist.Distribution):
def fetch_build_eggs(self, specifiers):
raise SetupRequirementsError(specifiers)
@classmethod
@contextlib.contextmanager
def patch(cls):
"""
Replace
distutils.dist.Distribution with this class
for the duration of this context.
"""
orig = distutils.core.Distribution
distutils.core.Distribution = cls
try:
yield
finally:
distutils.core.Distribution = orig
def _to_str(s):
"""
Convert a filename to a string (on Python 2, explicitly
a byte string, not Unicode) as distutils checks for the
exact type str.
"""
if sys.version_info[0] == 2 and not isinstance(s, str):
# Assume it's Unicode, as that's what the PEP says
# should be provided.
return s.encode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
return s
def _run_setup(setup_script='setup.py'):
# Note that we can reuse our build directory between calls
# Correctness comes first, then optimization later
__file__ = setup_script
__name__ = '__main__'
f = getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__)
code = f.read().replace('\\r\\n', '\\n')
f.close()
exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'), locals())
def _fix_config(config_settings):
config_settings = config_settings or {}
config_settings.setdefault('--global-option', [])
return config_settings
def _get_build_requires(config_settings, requirements):
config_settings = _fix_config(config_settings)
sys.argv = sys.argv[:1] + ['egg_info'] + \
config_settings["--global-option"]
try:
with Distribution.patch():
_run_setup()
except SetupRequirementsError as e:
requirements += e.specifiers
return requirements
def _get_immediate_subdirectories(a_dir):
return [name for name in os.listdir(a_dir)
if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(a_dir, name))]
def get_requires_for_build_wheel(config_settings=None):
config_settings = _fix_config(config_settings)
return _get_build_requires(config_settings, requirements=['wheel'])
def get_requires_for_build_sdist(config_settings=None):
config_settings = _fix_config(config_settings)
return _get_build_requires(config_settings, requirements=[])
def prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel(metadata_directory, config_settings=None):
sys.argv = sys.argv[:1] + ['dist_info', '--egg-base', _to_str(metadata_directory)]
_run_setup()
dist_info_directory = metadata_directory
while True:
dist_infos = [f for f in os.listdir(dist_info_directory)
if f.endswith('.dist-info')]
if len(dist_infos) == 0 and \
len(_get_immediate_subdirectories(dist_info_directory)) == 1:
dist_info_directory = os.path.join(
dist_info_directory, os.listdir(dist_info_directory)[0])
continue
assert len(dist_infos) == 1
break
# PEP 517 requires that the .dist-info directory be placed in the
# metadata_directory. To comply, we MUST copy the directory to the root
if dist_info_directory != metadata_directory:
shutil.move(
os.path.join(dist_info_directory, dist_infos[0]),
metadata_directory)
shutil.rmtree(dist_info_directory, ignore_errors=True)
return dist_infos[0]
def build_wheel(wheel_directory, config_settings=None,
metadata_directory=None):
config_settings = _fix_config(config_settings)
wheel_directory = os.path.abspath(wheel_directory)
sys.argv = sys.argv[:1] + ['bdist_wheel'] + \
config_settings["--global-option"]
_run_setup()
if wheel_directory != 'dist':
shutil.rmtree(wheel_directory)
shutil.copytree('dist', wheel_directory)
wheels = [f for f in os.listdir(wheel_directory)
if f.endswith('.whl')]
assert len(wheels) == 1
return wheels[0]
def build_sdist(sdist_directory, config_settings=None):
config_settings = _fix_config(config_settings)
sdist_directory = os.path.abspath(sdist_directory)
sys.argv = sys.argv[:1] + ['sdist'] + \
config_settings["--global-option"] + \
["--dist-dir", sdist_directory]
_run_setup()
sdists = [f for f in os.listdir(sdist_directory)
if f.endswith('.tar.gz')]
assert len(sdists) == 1
return sdists[0]
``` |
Marc Fiorini (born 15 March 1941) is an Italian-born Canadian actor. He is best known for his appearances in Italian films, and his roles in the television series Big Wolf on Campus and the film Angels & Demons.
Biography
Fiorini was born in Italy. After World War II, he went to Québec, Canada with his mother to live there with his grandparents. He studied theoretical physics and aeronautical engineering but eventually decided to become an actor instead. After studying at the National Theatre School of Canada and working on stage in Canada and in London, Fiorini went to his country of birth to try his hand at Italian films. He lived for several years in Italy where he appeared in genre films, sometimes using aliases such as Ludovico Svengali, Matt Silence, Mark Farran and Ashborn Hamilton Jr. In 1969, while playing the main villain in the Spaghetti Western The Reward's Yours... The Man's Mine, he met expatriate American actress Lisa Seagram, whom he later married.
Fiorini later relocated to North America where he worked as a character actor. After a hiatus from the screen, he resumed his career in the late 1990s. He has returned to Italy numerous times to work in local productions. He played the Werewolf Syndicate Leader in the Canadian television series Big Wolf on Campus (1999-2002) and Cardinal Baggia in Angels & Demons (2009).
Selected filmography
1968 : Roma come Chicago
1968 : Kong Island (Eva, la Venere selvaggia)
1969 : The Reward's Yours... The Man's Mine (El Puro)
1974 : I cannoni tuonano ancora
1976 : La studentessa
1977 : Tentacles
1990 : Down the Drain
1992 : Out of Control
1993 : American Ninja V
1999-2002 : Big Wolf on Campus (television series)
2002 : La guerra è finita (TV movie)
2003 : Red Riding Hood
2003 : Ferrari
2005 : Pope John Paul II (television miniseries)
2006 : Gli indesiderabili
2006 : Fuoco su di me
2006 : The Listening
2007 : Silk
2008 : Capri (television series)
2009 : Angels & Demons
2017 : The Broken Key
2019 : Aquile randagie
2019 : Credo in un solo padre
2020 : Creators: The Past
References
External links
1940s births
Living people
Canadian male film actors
Canadian male television actors
Italian emigrants to Canada
National Theatre School of Canada alumni |
Exposure is the sixth studio album by bassist and singer Esperanza Spalding. It was released on December 16, 2017, by Concord Records. It is a limited edition album, with only 7,777 copies being available.
Background
With an aim to finish ten songs for this project, Spalding started broadcasting the writing, arranging, and recording of Exposure at 9am PST on September 12, 2017 via Facebook Live for 77 hours straight. The live stream took place at NRG Recording Studios and included breaks for sleep and sustenance, adding a layer of reality-TV voyeurism to the experiment. Spalding chose to do the experiment in 77 hours because she was once told by a reverend that "seven is a divine number. It’s the number of completion. It represents the earthly culmination of a divine thought", and she enjoyed that sentiment. She has stated that the premise of Exposure is that all the facets of creators only need the right environment to coalesce into completeness.
Exposure exists as a limited edition of 7,777 physical copies, all individually signed and numbered, as well as an original piece of notepaper Esperanza will have used to write the lyrics and music, allowing those who witnessed the process to own a piece of the creation itself, directly from the source. A second disc, labeled as "Undeveloped", was included with the album and consists of ten additional, bonus tracks of works made prior to the development of the Exposure.
All 7,777 physical albums were announced and available for pre-order on July 26, 2017, and were completely sold out on the final day of Spalding's live stream on September 15, 2017.
Critical reception
In his review for Pitchfork, Seth Colter Walls commented, "As tempting as it may be to think that disciplined artists like Spalding can just turn on a genius tap and let the product flow, Exposure reveals some measure of what is required when an established artist hopes to improve and innovate." Kevin Le Gendre of Jazzwise noted, "Written, performed, recorded and mixed in 77 hours while live streamed on Facebook, the music stands up as a coherent piece of work, in which Spalding's melodic strength is consistent and the no-frills production actually a far cry from the somewhat overly dense predecessor Emily's D + Evolution. Put simply, Spalding has pulled out the stops with regard to her composing, straddling the line between jazz, soul and pop, while keeping the group identity strong. It is on the downtempo material that the assembled players gel most convincingly..."
Track listing
Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Exposure.
Main personnel
Esperanza Spalding – vocals, acoustic bass, electric bass, kalimba
Ray Angry – keyboards (not on Undeveloped tracks)
Matthew Stevens – guitar
Justin Tyson – drums
Robert Glasper – piano (track 3)
Lalah Hathaway – vocals (track 5)
Andrew Bird – vocals, violin (track 8)
Rob Schwimmer – continuum (Undeveloped tracks)
Tivona Miller – backing vocals (Undeveloped tracks)
Starr Busby – backing vocals (Undeveloped tracks)
Additional personnel
Fernando Lodeiro – recording (tracks 1–11, 14–20), mixing
Zach Brown (at Sullivan Street Studio) – recording (tracks 12 and 13)
Rich Costey – mixing
Paul Blakemore (at CMG Mastering, Cleveland, OH) – mastering
References
External links
2017 albums
Esperanza Spalding albums |
Jenny Jenny () is a 1966 Greek comedy film directed by Dinos Dimopoulos.
Cast
Tzeni Karezi - Jenny Skoutari
Dionysis Papagiannopoulos - Kosmas Skoutaris
Andreas Barkoulis - Nikos Mantas
Mary Lalopoulou - Diana Kassandri
Eleni Zafeiriou - Matina Skoutari
Dimitris Kallivokas - Andreas Dermezis
Nana Skiada - Clara Karypi
Lambros Konstantaras - Miltos Kassandris
Athinodoros Prousalis - coachman
References
External links
1966 comedy films
1966 films
Greek comedy films
1960s Greek-language films |
Bridgestone Tower is an American skyscraper in Nashville, Tennessee located at 200 4th Avenue South. It stands 140 meters (460 ft) and has 30 floors. It was designed by Perkins+Will and was finished in 2017. The building serves as the headquarters of Bridgestone Americas, a subsidiary of Bridgestone, the global tire and rubber manufacturer. Throughout 2017, Bridgestone Americas consolidated many of their business units into a single building, housing nearly 2,000 employees. The tower is nestled between the Country Music Hall of Fame and the Schermerhorn Symphony Center, and is only a few hundred feet from Bridgestone's namesake NHL facility, Bridgestone Arena.
See also
List of tallest buildings in Nashville
References
Bridgestone
Skyscrapers in Nashville, Tennessee
Office buildings in Nashville, Tennessee
Office buildings completed in 2017 |
Yön Polte is a Finnish musical trio originating from Finland established in 2012 and made up of Finnish rapper Kuningas Pähkinä, rapper and producer Setä Tamu, and singer/rapper Stig (aka Stig Dogg).
Yön Polte found chart success through their single "Tyttö sinä olet meritähti" that reached #7 in the Finnish Singles Chart in May 2012.
Discography
Singles
References
External links
Yön Polte Facebook page
Finnish musical groups |
Itatiella ulei is a species of moss in the family Polytrichaceae. It is the only species in the genus Itatiella. The Polytrichaceae is a common family of mosses that does not have close living relatives. Its small size and the inflexed leaf apex characterize Itatiella ulei. When this species grows directly exposed to sun at high elevations, it presents a similar aspect but can be distinguished based on the distal lamella cells which are single and rhombic.
Description
Itatiella ulei is dark green to brown 10-25mm long plant. Just like other moss, this plant divides into two parts, which are sporophyte and gametophyte. The stems are brown, straight and forming tufts. The rhizome is pale-brown and facing down on the ground. Leaves are 2.5-4.0mm long and oblong-lanceolate in shape. This plant has hexagonal-quadratic cells that are thick walled. This plant is dioicous which means gametophytes produce sperm or eggs but never both. The perichaetium that surrounds the archegonia and the base of the seta is terminal and their leaves are long. The perigonium that surrounds the antheridia is also terminal and their leaves are short and broad. Its small size and the inflexed leaf apex characterize Itatiella ulei. This species is growing directly exposed to sun at high elevations present a similar aspect but can be distinguished based on the distal lamella cells which are single and rhombic.
Sporophyte: The sporophytes are common, light brown with globose urns occurring on top of an erect, 5-10mm tall seta. The capsule is erect and symmetrical. The operculum is in a conic form. The operculum is equipped with long rostrate. The peristome teeth are absent so it is known as gymnostomous. The calyptra is hood-shaped and split on one side only, i.e. cucullate.
Distribution
Itatiella ulei is endemic to southeastern and southern Brazil. It can be found in some areas in the states of Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. The last one that it was found was in upper montane forests above 5,000 feet in elevation.
Ecology
Itatiella ulei can be found in growing on the soil at the margins of montane forest and high campos in the Bioma Mata Atlântica, between 900 and 2,890 m alt.
References
Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989–2005. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. . Access date: May 13, 2011
Gary L. Smith Merrill "Polytrichaceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 27 Page 24, 39, 116, 121, 122, 126, 156, 160. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Goffinet, B., W. R. Buck, and A. J. Shaw. 2009. Morphology, anatomy, and classification of the Bryophyta. Pages 56–138. In: Goffinet, B. and A. J. Shaw. (eds.). Bryophyte Biology. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.
Messmer, L. and T. C. Frye. 1947. The Polytrichum group between South America and the United States. The Bryologist 50:259–268.
Gradstein, S. R., S. P. Churchill, and N. Salazar-Allen. (eds.). 2001. Guide to the Bryophytes to Tropical America. Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden 86:1–577.
Crosby, M. R., R. E. Magill, B. Allen, and S. He. 1999. A Checklist of the Mosses. Missouri Botanical Garden. St. Louis.
Crum, H. and L. E. Anderson. 1981. Mosses Eastern North America, vol. 2. Columbia University Press. New York.
Peralta, Denilson Fernandes, and Olga Yano. "Taxonomic Treatment of the Polytrichaceae from Brazil." The Bryologist 113.3. BioOne. Web. 13 May 2011. <http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1639/0007-2745-113.3.646>.
External links
Endangered Plants Profile at Endangered Plants
Monotypic moss genera
Polytrichaceae
Flora of Brazil |
The Spanish Reconcentration policy was a plan implemented by general Valeriano Weyler to relocate Cuba's rural population into concentration camps. The policy was originally developed by the Captaincy General of Cuba Arsenio Martínez Campos as a way to separate rebels from the rural populace who occasionally fed and sheltered them. Under the policy, rural Cubans had eight days to relocate to designated camps in fortified towns, all who failed to obey were to be shot. Housing in camps was often decaying, food was scarce, and disease quickly spread through the camps. By 1898, a third of Cuba's population had been moved into camps and at least 170,000 civil Cubans died due to their subjected conditions, which was 10% of the population at the time. The policy is remembered as the first time in history modern concentration camps were constructed.
Background
The plan implemented by Valeriano Weyler to relocate Cuba's rural population into concentration camps, originally developed by Arsenio Martínez Campos as a way to separate rebels from the rural populace who occasionally fed and sheltered them. Affected people had eight days to relocate, and all who failed to obey were to be shot. Housing in camps was often decaying, food was scarce, and disease quickly spread through the camps. By 1898, a third of Cuba's population had been moved into camps and over 400,000 Cubans died due to their subjected conditions. The policy is remembered as the first time in history modern concentration camps were constructed.
Cuban War of Independence
Rebel army leaders Máximo Gómez and Antonio Maceo Grajales instituted a strategy of guerrilla warfare in the countryside, often only engaging in hit-and-run attacks and destroying sugar plantations owned by the country's elite. The rebels received significant support from rural peasants and specifically black plantation workers. A Cuban exile group known as the Cuban Junta had effectively swayed American public opinion onto the side of the rebels. By 1896, the rebels had begun an offensive on the prosperous western end of the island destroying sugar plantations and causing severe damage to Spain's economy.
Spanish administration
Governor of Cuba Arsenio Martínez Campos insisted to Spain that the only path to victory included harsher strategies against the rebels. He reckoned it would be necessary to remove the supportive rural population from rebels in order to streamline offensives. Campos personally could not bring himself to order the forced relocation and resigned.
In 1896, Valeriano Weyler was appointed head of Spanish forces and governor of Cuba. Weyler had previously studied the conflict in Cuba and was a staunch supporter to the idea that the rural population must be relocated for Spain to be victorious.
History
In the autumn of 1896, Weyler decreed that rural Cubans without approved agricultural activities must be moved into camps in fortified towns. All resources and land in the countryside were destroyed so as to not be used by the rebels, livestock was driven into cities, and trade with rural areas was prohibited. By the end of the year, the Cuban countryside was devoid of all common life except for warfare.
Within the camps, disease and starvation began to kill off many of the internees. Despite these horrors, Weyler continued their application.
References
Human rights abuses in Cuba
1890s in Cuba
Military history of Cuba
Military history of Spain
Internment camps
Spanish war crimes |
The C Spire Ferriss Trophy was created in the fall of 2003 by the Mississippi Sports Hall of Fame to honor the Mississippi Collegiate Baseball Player of the Year. The trophy bears the name and likeness of Dave Ferriss. The trophy is cosponsored by C Spire Wireless.
Winners
Trophies won by school
Updated through 2023 results. ''Award was not presented in 2020 due to the COVID-19 shortened season
See also
Howell Trophy - award given annually to the best men's college basketball player in the state of Mississippi by the Mississippi Sports Hall of Fame.
Gillom Trophy - award given annually to the best women's college basketball player in the state of Mississippi by the Mississippi Sports Hall of Fame.
Conerly Trophy - an award given annually to the best college football player in the state of Mississippi by the Mississippi Sports Hall of Fame.
Hull Trophy- an award given annually to the best college offensive lineman in Mississippi by the Mississippi Sports Hall of Fame.
References
College baseball trophies and awards in the United States
Baseball in Mississippi
Awards established in 2003
2003 establishments in Mississippi |
Qikiqtagafaaluk, formerly Admiralty Island, is an uninhabited, irregularly shaped Arctic island in the Kitikmeot Region of Nunavut, Canada. It is located in the Victoria Strait, south of Victoria Island's Collinson Peninsula.
References
Victoria Island (Canada)
Uninhabited islands of Kitikmeot Region |
The Alheimer is a hill in Hesse, Germany.
The Alheimer is located in the Stölzinger Hills. The nearby village of Alheim is named after the hill. On top of the Alheimer is an observation tower, The Alheimer Tower (Alheimer-Turm). The tower is high and surrounded by a memorial site to the soldiers forced to fight in the two world wars.
In clear weather visitors on the tower's observation deck can see the Wartburg near Eisenach, the Meißner mountain in the Knüllgebirge range, the Rhön Mountains and the Habichtswald near Kassel.
There is only a narrow footpath to the top of the hill.
Hills of Hesse |
Bioprocess engineering, also biochemical engineering, is a specialization of chemical engineering or biological engineering. It deals with the design and development of equipment and processes for the manufacturing of products such as agriculture, food, feed, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, chemicals, and polymers and paper from biological materials & treatment of waste water.
Bioprocess engineering is a conglomerate of mathematics, biology and industrial design, and consists of various spectrums like the design and study of bioreactors (operational mode, instrumentation, and physical layout) to the creation of kinetic models. It also deals with studying various biotechnological processes used in industries for large scale production of biological product for optimization of yield in the end product and the quality of end product. Bioprocess engineering may include the work of mechanical, electrical, and industrial engineers to apply principles of their disciplines to processes based on using living cells or sub component of such cells.
Colleges and universities
Auburn University
University of Georgia (Biochemical Engineering)
Michigan Technological University
McMaster University
Technical University of Munich
University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences (KGI Amgen Bioprocessing Center)
Kungliga Tekniska högskolan- KTH - Royal Institute of Technology (Dept. of Industrial Biotechnology)
Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
University of Cape Town (Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research)
SUNY-ESF (Bioprocess Engineering Program)
Université de Sherbrooke
University of British Columbia
UC Berkeley
UC Davis
Savannah Technical College
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (Integrated Bioprocessing Research Laboratory)
University of Iowa (Chemical and Biochemical Engineering)
University of Minnesota (Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering)
East Carolina University
Jacob School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Allahabad, India
Indian Institute of Technology, Varanasi
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai
Jadavpur University
Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI)
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK)
Universidade Federal de São João del Rei-UFSJ
Federal University of Technology – Paraná
Universidade Federal do Paraná-UFPR
São Paulo State University
Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA
University of Louvain (UCLouvain)
University of Stellenbosch
North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University
North Carolina State University
Virginia Tech
Ege University/Turkey (Department of Bioengineering)
National University of Costa Rica
University of Brawijaya (Department of Agricultural Engineering)
University of Indonesia
University College London (Department of Biochemical Engineering)
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology
University of Zagreb, Faculty of food technology and biotechnology, Croatia
Villanova University
Wageningen University
University College Dublin
Obafemi Awolowo University
University of Birmingham
Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila (Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas)
Silpakorn University Thailand
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), School of Bioprocess Engineering (SBE)
Berlin University of Technology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering
University of Queensland
Technical University of Denmark, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, BioEng Research Centre
South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
National Institute of Applied Science and Technology Tunis (Industrial Biology Engineering Program)
Technical University Hamburg (TUHH)
Mapua University
See also
Agricultural engineering
Biochemical engineering
Bioprocess
Bioproducts
Bioproducts engineering
Biosystems engineering
Cell therapy
Downstream (bioprocess)
Food engineering
Microbiology
Physical chemistry
Unit operations
Upstream (bioprocess)
Use of biotechnology in pharmaceutical manufacturing
References
Biological engineering
Biotechnology
Chemical engineering |
Tracie McBride may refer to:
Tracie McBride (writer), speculative fiction writer
Tracie Joy McBride (1975–1995), murder victim |
The Dah Marda or Dah Mardah or Dahmarda ( , ), is a tribe of Baloch people who live in Afghanistan and Iran.
In Afghanistan the tribe's primary residence was the Nizar in the Kang District, and in the Zaranj city and Chahar Burjak districts they villages with name of Dahmarda.
The most of Dah Marda tribe speak the Rakhshani dialect of the Balochi language, but Persian and Pashto languages are also spoken.
References
Baloch tribes |
Ignazio Donati (c. 1570 – 21 January 1638) was an Italian composer of the early Baroque era. He was one of the pioneers of the style of the concertato motet.
Biography
Ignazio Donati was born in Casalmaggiore (now in the Province of Cremona). Little is known about his earliest years, but he must have had a thorough early musical training, and his succession of posts at various cathedrals in Italian towns is well documented: he served successively at Urbino, Pesaro, Fano, Ferrara, Casalmaggiore, Novara, and Lodi, eventually acquiring the prestigious post at Milan Cathedral in 1629, which he kept with one short break until his death.
Donati wrote "sacred concertos", motets, masses and psalm settings. Most of Donati's music is sacred, and his style tends towards the cheerful, the light, and the practical. He wrote motets using the new concertato style pioneered by the composers of the Venetian School, though he was not associated with Venice himself. Most of his music is for two to five voices with instrumental accompaniment including basso continuo, and some of his works—for example a book of psalm settings—exist in several settings for different types of performance, with different instrumental and vocal forces. Ignazio Donati wrote the Sacri concentus and published it in Venice in 1612; here he defined the "cantar lontano" vocal practice.
In some of his music he went even farther, and suggested multiple performance ideas—from singing only a very few parts, to using multiple choruses with instrumental doubling, based on the resources of the performing ensemble and the type of effect required by the performance occasion. This kind of practical advice is rarely found in the writings accompanying the music of the Venetian school composers, who had massive, virtuoso, well-paid ensembles at their disposal, but it would have been essential to the musical establishments at the small provincial towns in which Donati worked.
In addition to his concertato motets and other mixed instrumental-vocal music, he wrote some relatively conservative masses, which, however, are not in the polyphonic Palestrina style but find a middle-ground between the stile antico and the more modern harmonic practice.
References and further reading
Articles "Ignazio Donati," "concertato," "Motet" from The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980.
Eleanor Selfridge-Field, Venetian Instrumental Music, from Gabrieli to Vivaldi. New York, Dover Publications, 1994.
External links
1570s births
1638 deaths
People from Casalmaggiore
Italian male classical composers
Italian Baroque composers
Renaissance composers
17th-century Italian composers
17th-century male musicians |
Orange Peel (foaled 1919) was a Thoroughbred stallion that had a significant influence on the breeding of sport horses.
Orange Peel has had a great influence on the breeding of show jumpers. Orange Peel sired 19 sons from 1924 to 1940, and his descendants are very successful today, with 26 of the top 100 show jumping sires of 1990 having him in their pedigree.
One of Orange Peel's greatest descendants was his grandson, the Anglo-Norman Ibrahim, who produced such great sires as Quastor (1960) and Almé Z (1966). Sons of Orange Peel include The Last Orange, the sire of Ibrahim, Jus de Pomme, and Plein d'Espoirs.
External links
Orange Peel's pedigree
Show jumping horses
Sport horse sires
1919 animal births
Thoroughbred family 2-u
Individual male horses |
Kanak Serakh Darab Pir (, also Romanized as Kanak Serakh Dārāb Pīr; also known as Dārāb Pīr) is a village in Kakavand-e Gharbi Rural District, Kakavand District, Delfan County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 115, in 20 families.
References
Populated places in Delfan County |
The Expressions may refer to:
The Expressions, American rhythm & blues band that backed Lee Fields
The Expression, Australian synth-pop band |
Time Change... A Natural Progression is the debut studio album by Sherbet released in December 1972. The album includes the bands hit singles "Can You Feel It, Baby?", "Free the People", "You're All Woman" and "You've Got the Gun". The album peaked at number 66 on the Kent Music Report.
Track listing
Personnel
Daryl Braithwaite – vocals
Garth Porter – organ, piano, vocals, wurlitzer electric piano
Tony Mitchell – bass guitar, vocals
Alan Sandow – drums
Clive Shakespeare – guitar, vocals
Bruce Worrall – bass guitar on "Can You Feel It Baby"
Charts
Certifications
Release history
References
Sherbet (band) albums
Festival Records albums
Infinity Records albums
1972 debut albums |
The Lower South Side (or Lower South Providence) is a neighborhood in the southern part of Providence, Rhode Island. It is bounded by Public Street to the north (bordering Upper South Providence), by Interstate 95 to the south (bordering Washington Park), by Broad Street to the west (bordering Elmwood), and by the Providence River to the east.
History
The area that is now Lower South Providence was originally pasture land. The area was ceded to the new town of Cranston in 1754 and did not rejoin Providence until 1868. A streetcar was added in 1865 which ran west along Public Street and then south down Ocean Street; it transformed the Lower South Side into Providence's first streetcar suburb. In the next ten years, the streets developed quickly wherever the streetcar ran.
Irish immigrants had lived primarily farther north, but they began to populate the southern part of Lower Providence between 1860 and 1880 as the population of Providence doubled to nearly 105,000. Cranston ceded the Lower South Side (along with Washington Park) back to Providence in 1868.
The Upper South Side attracted industry due to its proximity to downtown, while the Lower South Side had greater access to Narragansett Bay and freight lines via the Port of Providence; metal and jewelry factories, consequently, began to appear. By the 1870s, the majority of housing became duplexes rented by working class tenants. By 1900, the creation of new electrified rail lines gave the area fast transportation and ample affordable housing, and the Lower South Side thrived. Between 1900 and 1950, descendants of the previous-generation immigrants moved into newer, more affluent areas, with the increased prosperity that they had attained.
After 1950, the automobile sentenced the area to a long inexorable decline. The creation of Interstate 95 under the Eisenhower Interstate System required demolition of existing buildings and severed the region's historical connection to the waterfront. Green space was lost as lots and yards were converted into driveways and garages. Street renovation resulted in the loss of tree-lined streetscapes. Residents began to look farther out for newer, more prosperous neighborhoods.
Government
At the municipal level, almost all of Lower South Providence is within Ward 10, though the very northwestern area of the neighborhood north of Reynolds Avenue/Saratoga Street, between Prairie Avenue and Broad Street, falls within Ward 11. Council President Luis Aponte and Mary Kay Harris represent Wards 10 and 11, respectively, in the Providence City Council. Both are Democrats.
References
Neighborhood Profiles at providenceri.com
African-American history of Rhode Island
Neighborhoods in Providence, Rhode Island
Populated places established in 1754 |
William B. Cramer was an American outfielder in Major League Baseball. He played in two games for the 1883 New York Gothams.
External links
1885 deaths
Major League Baseball outfielders
New York Gothams players
19th-century baseball players
Baseball players from New York (state)
Year of birth missing |
Chaetopappa asteroides, called the tiny lazy daisy, or Arkansas leastdaisy, is a North American species of plants in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the southern Great Plains of the United States (Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Louisiana, Missouri, Arkansas) and also to northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas, Hidalgo).
Varieties
Chaetopappa asteroides var. asteroides - most of species range
Chaetopappa asteroides var. grandis Shinners - Río Grande Valley in Texas
References
External links
Missouri Plants: Chaetopappa asteroides
Image Archive of Central Texas Plants: Chaetopappa asteroides
asteroides
Flora of the Great Plains (North America)
Flora of Hidalgo (state)
Flora of Tamaulipas
Flora of the United States
Flora of the South-Central United States
Plants described in 1834
Taxa named by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle
Taxa named by Thomas Nuttall
Flora without expected TNC conservation status |
Pappu Can't Dance Saala is a 2011 Indian romantic comedy film written and directed by Saurabh Shukla. The film stars Vinay Pathak and Neha Dhupia, whilst Rajat Kapoor, Naseeruddin Shah, Sanjay Mishra, and Saurabh Shukla play supporting roles. The film was released on 16 December 2011.
The title of the film is taken from a song of the same name from the film Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na (2008).
Cast
Vinay Pathak as Vidyadhar Acharya
Neha Dhupia as Mehak Malvade
Rajat Kapoor as music album director
Naseeruddin Shah as Vidyadhar's father
Sanjay Mishra as street food shop owner
Saurabh Shukla as producer of dance album
Brijendra Kala as Nagesh
Anand Abhyankar
Synopsis
The film revolves around a man Vidyadhar Acharya (Vinay Pathak), who moves to Mumbai from Varanasi, and finds it difficult to adjust to a place away from his city that's rich with cultural heritage.
Acharya rents a flat in an apartment only meant for Sales tax employees. Every now and then, a vigilance raid occurs in the apartment and then he has to hide in the terrace and stay there all night. Mehak Malavde (Neha Dupia), a struggling dancer moves in as his neighbor. The two neighbours regularly have fights. One night, there is another vigilance raid on the apartment. Mehak gets caught and gets thrown out of her flat. Vidya manages to escape since he came home late that night. Having nowhere to go, Mehak breaks into Vidya's apartment and plans to live there. Since Vidya hates her, it becomes impossible for him to stay with her, but she gives him no options.
Slowly, they start liking each other. One night, they both have a bad fight and Vidya leaves his job and returns to his hometown. Mehak also moves out and starts living in a new flat. Slowly, they realize that they are missing each other and decide to unite by the end of the movie.
Reception
The film opened to mixed reviews, although the performances of the lead cast were praised. At the box office it recorded decent collections as it faced tough competition from other strong releases, The Dirty Picture which was going strong in its third week & Don 2.
Soundtrack
Soundtrack for the film is scored by Malhar. Lyrics Penned By Amitabh Bhattacharya, Saurabh Shukla.
References
External links
2010s Hindi-language films
Indian romantic comedy films
2011 romantic comedy films
2011 films
Hindi-language romantic comedy films |
Plaisanterie (1882–1906) was a Champion Thoroughbred racehorse.
Background
Bred by the Comte de Dauger, she was sold in England for FF825 at the Tattersalls September yearling sale. She was purchased by trainer Thomas Carter, Jr., a member of the renowned English Racing Colony at Chantilly, in equal partnership with French scientist, Mr. H. Bouy of Senlis, Oise.
Racing career
France
In her eighteen career races, Plaisanterie was beaten only twice, and both times by colts when she finished second by very narrow margins. Her first loss came at age two against colts in the Grand Criterium at Longchamp Racecourse in Paris when she ran second by a short head to The Condor. She would later reverse that form, defeating The Condor four times. At age three, Plaisanterie's second career loss came against older male horses at Longchamp in the Prix du Prince de Galles when she again was second by a short head. In three head-to-head meetings with the Prix de Diane winner Barberine, Plaisanterie won every time while winning the Prix de Dieppe, the Prix Seymour, and the Cambridgeshire Handicap.
International
In Germany on 24 August, she defeated her male counterparts in that country's most prestigious race, the Grosser Preis von Baden, beating The Condor by one and three-quarter lengths.
In October 1885 Plaisanterie was sent to England to contest the "Autumn Double" at Newmarket Racecourse, consisting of the Cesarewitch Handicap and Cambridgeshire Handicap, both of which were open to colts and older horses. On 12 October she carried 98 pounds in the two and a quarter mile Cesarewitch. Plaisanterie raced prominently and took the lead in the closing stages to win by two lengths from the five-year-old mare Xema. The win, the first in the race by a French-trained horse, meant that Plaisanterie had to carry an extra fourteen pounds penalty for the nine furlong Cambridgeshire two weeks later. Starting odds of 10/1 Plaisanterie disputed the lead from the start. In the closing stages she was never in danger of defeat and won "very easily" from the five-year-old Bendigo with the favourite St. Gatien finishing fifth. Plaisanterie thereby became the second of only three horses to complete the Autumn Double since the races were inaugurated in 1839.
Retirement and stud career
Co-owner H. Bouy died unexpectedly on May 7, 1886 at age thirty-nine. At a subsequent dispersal auction, half-owner Tom Carter, Jr. paid FF150,000 for Plaisanterie. Retired to broodmare duty, Plaisanterie was bred five times to the Champion sire St. Simon and twice to another Champion sire, Orme. Her important foals include Childwick, Raconteur and Topiary. Her death was reported in October 1906.
References
Plaisanterie's pedigree and partial racing stats
Horse-racing in France, A History by Robert Black, M.A. (1886) (Downloadable public domain file)
1882 racehorse births
1906 racehorse deaths
Racehorses bred in France
Racehorses trained in France
English Racing Colony at Chantilly
Thoroughbred family 19-a |
Anna Jane Harrison (December 23, 1912 – August 8, 1998) was an American organic chemist and a professor of chemistry at Mount Holyoke College for nearly forty years. She was the first female president of the American Chemical Society, and the recipient of twenty honorary degrees. She was nationally known for her teaching and was active nationally and internationally as a supporter of women in science.
Early life and education
Anna Jane Harrison was born in Benton City, Missouri, on December 23, 1912. Her parents, Albert Harrison and Mary Katherine Jones Harrison, were farmers. Her father died when she was seven, leaving her mother to manage the family farm and to care for Harrison and her elder brother. She first became interested in science while attending high school in Mexico, Missouri. She received her B.A. in 1933 in chemistry, a B.A. in 1935 in education, a M.A. in 1937 in chemistry, and a Ph.D. in 1940 in physical chemistry, all from the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri. Her Ph.D. dissertation focused on reactions involving sodium ketyls.
Career
While working towards her master's degree in chemistry, Harrison taught elementary school at the one-room country school in Audrain County, Missouri, where she had attended school as a child. She then taught chemistry at H. Sophie Newcomb Memorial College, the coordinate women's college of Tulane University from 1940 to 1945.
In 1942 while on leave from teaching during World War II, Harrison conducted secret wartime research at the University of Missouri. In 1944, she conducted research on toxic smoke for the National Defense Research Committee, the A.J. Griner Co. in Kansas City, Missouri and Corning Glass Works in Corning, New York. This work was instrumental in the creation of smoke-detecting field kits for the United States Army. She received the Frank Forrest Award from the American Ceramic Society for her research.
In 1945, she joined the chemistry department at Mount Holyoke College as an assistant professor. She came to Holyoke to work with professor and researcher Emma P. Carr. She became a full professor in the department in 1950 and served as the chair from 1960 to 1966. She retired from Mount Holyoke College in 1979. After retirement she taught at the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland.
Harrison's research focused on the structure of organic compounds and their interaction with light, particularly in the ultraviolet and far ultraviolet bands. She received a grant from the Petroleum Research Fund Advisory Board of the American Chemical Society for "an experimental study of the far ultraviolet absorption spectra and photodecomposition products of selected organic compounds."
She served on the National Science Board from 1972 to 1978. In 1978 she became the first female president of the American Chemical Society. She also served as president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1983.
As an educator and researcher, Harrison worked with many scientific organizations in the United States, particularly the American Chemical Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Association of American Colleges, the Chemical Manufacturers Association, the Education Commission of the States, the Lunar and Planetary Institute, the Manufacturing Chemists' Association, the National Academy of Sciences, the National Research Council, the National Science Board, and the National Science Foundation.
As a representative of these organizations, she traveled to India for the National Science Foundation in 1971, to Antarctica in 1974 for the National Science Board, to Japan, Spain, and Thailand as president of the American Chemical Society in 1978, and to India for the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1983.
She wrote articles for Journal of the American Chemical Society, Chemical & Engineering News, and Encyclopædia Britannica. She served on the editorial boards of the National Science Teachers Association's Journal of College Science Teaching and Chemical & Engineering News.
In 1989 she co-authored a textbook with Mount Holyoke College colleague Edwin S. Weaver entitled Chemistry: A Search to Understand.
She was interested in working towards increased funding for science education by state and federal agencies and promoting the cause of women in science.
She died in Holyoke, Massachusetts at the age of eighty-five from a stroke.
See also
Timeline of women in science
References
Further reading
External links
Anna Jane Harrison papers at Mount Holyoke College
1912 births
1998 deaths
American women chemists
Organic chemists
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Mount Holyoke College faculty
University of Missouri alumni
People from Audrain County, Missouri
20th-century American chemists
20th-century American women scientists
Chemists from Missouri
American women academics |
Trent Robinson (born 15 March 1977) is an Australian professional rugby league coach who is the head coach of the Sydney Roosters in the National Rugby League (NRL) and a former professional rugby league footballer.
He has previously held coaching positions at Toulouse Olympique in the Elite One Championship and the Newcastle Knights in the NRL and was the head coach at the Catalans Dragons in the Super League. As a player he made appearances as a and for the Wests Tigers and the Parramatta Eels in the NRL and Toulouse in the Elite One Championship.
Background
Robinson was born in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. He attended St Gregory's College, Campbelltown where his agricultural studies led to an interest in animal and wildlife conservation, particularly that of the African savanna. Unfortunately, his competitive rugby league commitments prevented him from pursuing this area further.
Playing career
A former student at St Gregory's College, Campbelltown, Robinson played three games from the bench for the Wests Tigers between 2000 and 2001. He was the first player to ever make his first-grade debut with Wests Tigers without having previously played first-grade with another team. In 2002, he joined the Brian Smith-coached Parramatta Eels, playing in a solitary game.
Coaching career
Toulouse Olympique
After a playing stint with Toulouse Olympique, Robinson succeeded Justin Morgan as coach in 2005.
Newcastle Knights
He was an assistant coach with the Newcastle Knights for three years before seeking a release to join Brian Smith at the Sydney Roosters. Robinson was the assistant coach in charge of defence in the Roosters' run to the 2010 NRL Grand Final.
Catalans Dragons
At the conclusion of the 2010 Super League season, the French-speaking Robinson took over from Kevin Walters as coach at Catalans Dragons.
Sydney Roosters
On 7 September 2012, it was announced that Robinson had been appointed as head coach of the Sydney Roosters on a three-year contract, commencing in 2013.
Robinson became only the second rookie coach in the NRL to claim a minor premiership after the Roosters defeated arch rivals, the South Sydney Rabbitohs in the final round of the 2013 NRL season. He claimed Coach of the Year at the 2013 Dally M Awards, becoming the youngest winner and only the second coach in NRL history to be named the competitions' best coach in their first season.
He capped this historic season off by leading his team to a premiership title, becoming just the sixth coach to win a premiership in their rookie season. As well as a minor premiership in 2013, he would go on to lead the Roosters to three more minor premierships in 2014, 2015 and 2018.
On 30 September 2018, Robinson coached the Roosters to their 14th premiership and their second in six years when they went on to defeat the Melbourne Storm 21–6 in the 2018 NRL Grand Final.
At the conclusion of the 2019 regular season, Robinson guided the club to a second-placed finish behind minor premiers, the Storm. Robinson would then coach the club to their second consecutive premiership as they defeated the Canberra Raiders 14–8 in the 2019 NRL Grand Final. It was the first time that a club had won consecutive premierships in a unified competition since the Brisbane Broncos achieved the feat in 1992 and 1993.
On 12 May 2021, Robinson was fined by the NRL after calling the NRL Bunker incompetent following the Roosters 31–18 loss against Parramatta Eels in round 9 of the 2021 NRL season.
On 30 August 2021, Robinson was fined $20,000 by the NRL for comments he made about the officiating in the aftermath of the club's 54–12 loss against arch-rivals South Sydney.
Robinson coached the Sydney Roosters to sixth position in the 2022 NRL season. The club were beaten by arch-rivals South Sydney in the first week of the finals which ended their year.
Robinson guided the Sydney Roosters to a 7th place finish in the 2023 NRL season. With only a few rounds remaining it appeared the club would miss the finals, however they would go on a five-game winning run defeating also-rans Manly, the Dolphins, Parramatta, Wests Tigers and arch-rivals South Sydney. In the elimination final against Cronulla, the club pulled off a 13-12 upset victory. The following week, the Sydney Roosters went in as outsiders against Melbourne and with 10 minutes remaining lead the match 13-12 before Melbourne scored a try with two minutes remaining to knock the Sydney Roosters out of the finals race.
Coaching Honours
Team - Sydney Roosters
NRL Premiership: 2013, 2018, 2019
NRL Minor Premiership: 2013, 2014, 2015, 2018
World Club Challenge: 2014, 2019, 2020
NRL Nines: 2017
Individual
Dally M Coach of the Year: 2013
Statistics
References
External links
1977 births
Living people
Australian rugby league coaches
Australian rugby league players
Catalans Dragons coaches
Rugby league players from Sydney
Rugby league second-rows
Rugby league props
Parramatta Eels players
Toulouse Olympique coaches
Toulouse Olympique players
Sydney Roosters coaches
Wests Tigers players |
Left-right asymmetry (LR asymmetry) is the process in early embryonic development that breaks the normal symmetry in the bilateral embryo. In vertebrates, left-right asymmetry is established early in development at a structure called the left-right organizer (the name of which varies between species) and leads to activation of different signalling pathways on the left and right of the embryo. This in turn cause several organs in adults to develop LR asymmetry, such as the tilt of the heart, the different number lung lobes on each side of the body and the position of the stomach and spleen on the right side of the body. If this process does not occur correctly in humans it can result in the syndromes heterotaxy or situs inversus.
LR asymmetry is pervasive throughout all animals, including invertebrates. Examples of invertebrate LR asymmetry include the large and small claws of the fiddler crab, asymmetrical gut coiling in Drosophila melanogaster, and dextral (clockwise) and sinistral (counterclockwise) coiling of gastropods. This asymmetry can be restricted to a specific organ or feature, as in the crab claws, or be expressed throughout the entire body as in snails.
Developmental basis
Different species have evolved different mechanisms of LR patterning. For example, cilia are critical for LR patterning in many vertebrate species such as humans, rodents, fish and frog, but other species, such as reptiles, birds and pigs develop LR asymmetry without cilia.
Cilia dependent vertebrates
The name of the LR organiser varies between species, and thus includes the node in mice, the gastrocoel roof plate in frog and Kupffer’s vesicle in zebrafish. In each case the LR organizer is found on the dorsal side of the embryo and each organizer cell has a single cilia located on the posterior side of the cell. The combination of location of cells of the dorsal surface combined with the posterior location of the cilia means that when the cilia rotate it creates a left-ward flow across the surface of the organizer. The flow causes loss of Cerl2 and increased Nodal expression on the left side of the organizer, although there is some debate whether this occurs due to a chemical/protein signal or due to the cells physically sensing the flow. In either case, the signal is then transferred to the left Lateral plate mesoderm where it activates a further signalling cascade of genes including Nodal, Pitx2 and Lefty2.
Cilia independent vertebrates
In chickens, LR asymmetry is established at a structure called Hensen’s node. Unlike most other vertebrates, this process is not thought to involve cilia as (i) Hensen’s node does not have motile cilia and (ii) unlike other species, mutations that affect cilia formation do not cause laterality defects in chicken. Instead, chickens establish LR asymmetry through asymmetric cell rearrangements which results in a leftward movement of cells near the Hensen’s node.
Another study has found that pigs do not have cilia within their left right organiser, suggesting pigs also have an alternative cilia independent mechanism for establishing LR asymmetry.
Non-vertebrate deuterostomes
Recently, work has shown that the Nodal-Pitx2 pathway is present and functional in the non-vertebrate deuterostomes (tunicates, sea urchins). In tunicate (ascidian) Ciona intestinalis and Halocynthia roretzi, Nodal is expressed on the left side of the developing embryo and leads to downstream expression of Pitx2. At earlier stages, similar H+/K+ ATPase ion channels are reported to be necessary for correct left-right patterning. While the role of cilia here is still unclear, one study observes that large-scale embryonic movements are required for left-right determination in H. roretzi, and that this movement is possibly achieved through ciliary movements.
In the sea urchin, Nodal is expressed on the right side of the embryo, in contrast to the tunicate and vertebrate condition on the left side. Because protostomes appear to also express Nodal on their right side instead of the left (discussed below), some have suggested that this lends further evidence for the dorsoventral inversion hypothesis.
Protostomes
Ecdysozoa
While D. melanogaster and nematode Caenorhabditis elegans do show left-right asymmetry, the Nodal signaling pathway itself is absent in Ecdysozoa. Instead, cytoskeletal regulators such as Myo31DF, a type ID unconventional myosin, have been found to control left-right asymmetry in organ systems such as genitalia.
Lophotrochozoa
Unlike in Ecdysozoa, the Nodal-Pitx2 pathways have been identified in many lineages within the Lophotrochozoans. When found in brachiopods and molluscs, these genes are asymmetrically expressed on the right. Platyhelminthes, annelids, and nermeteans lack a Nodal orthologue and instead only express Pitx2, which was expressed in association to the nervous system.
Whole body left-right asymmetry in gastropods
Whole body inversion is observed as chiral (dextral, sinistral) coiling in gastropods. While dextral coiling is the most common as it appears in 90-99% of living species, sinistral species still have arisen many times.
Developmental basis of shell coiling
Gastropods undergo spiral cleavage, a feature commonly seen in lophotrochozoans. As the embryo divides, quartets of cells are oriented at angles to each other. In the snail Lymnaea stagnalis, the direction of rotation during the first cell division signals whether the adult will show dextral or sinistral coiling, At the third cleavage (8-cell stage), spindles in dextral snails are inclined clockwise whereas they are counterclockwise in sinistral snails. Furthermore, injecting L. peregra sinistral eggs with the cytoplasm of dextral eggs before the second polar body formation will reverse the polarity of the sinistral embryos. These data show that chirality is heritable and maternally deposited in Lymnaea.
Several studies have begun to investigate the molecular basis of this inheritance. Nodal and Pitx2 are expressed on different sides of the L. stagnalis embryo depending on its chirality – right for dextral, left for sinistral. Downstream of Nodal, decapentaplegic (dpp), shows the same expression pattern. In limpets (gastropods without coiled shells) dpp is expressed symmetrically in Patella vulgata and Nipponacmea fuscoviridis. Additionally, in N. fuscoviridis, dpp has been shown to drive cell proliferation
Upstream of Nodal, Lsdia1/2 have been implicated in controlling L. stagnalis chirality. Davison et al. (2016) mapped the “chirality locus” to a 0.4 Mb region and determined that Lsdia2 is the likely candidate for determining dextral or sinistral coiling. This is a diaphanous-related formin gene involved in cytoskeleton formation. Dextral embryos treated with drugs that inhibited formin activity phenocopied the sinistral condition. Concurrent work from Kuroda et al. (2016) identified the same Lsdia2 gene (called Lsdia1 in their study) but failed to reproduce the formin inhibition results in the Davison et al. study. Additionally, Kuroda et al. (2016) did not find asymmetrically expressed Lsdia2 as was seen in the Davison et al. (2016) study.
See also
Fluctuating asymmetry
Symmetry breaking and cortical rotation
References
Asymmetry
Animal anatomy |
This was the first edition of the women's tournament.
Ylena In-Albon won the title, defeating Zhang Kailin in the final, 6–2, 6–3.
Seeds
Draw
Finals
Top half
Bottom half
References
External links
Main Draw
Shimadzu All Japan Indoor Tennis Championships - Singles
All Japan Indoor Tennis Championships |
Destination memory refers to the process of remembering to whom one has told information. When you are speaking to someone and forget whether or not you have previously told the person the information, you are experiencing an error in destination memory. The medial temporal lobe is critical for successful destination memory because it is this region of the brain that controls our episodic memory, which includes destination memory. The neurological processes responsible for destination memory are impaired by normal aging and are significantly affected by Alzheimer's disease. In addition to being an interesting neurological process, destination memory error can cause awkward social interactions and social embarrassment.
The discovery that older adults not only remembered fewer words, but also tended to repeat the same words more frequently prompted the first studies of destination memory. This experiment opened the door to investigating what we now call destination memory. Gopie & MacLeod are not only responsible for coining the term "destination memory", but for initiating the beginning of many research experiments to further our understanding of memory error.
Destination memory plays a critical role in our episodic memory. It is considered an autobiographical memory because the information is recollected and remembered regarding oneself as a participant in a specific situation. Because humans are social creatures, our ability to communicate efficiently and effectively is important; therefore, remembering to whom we have told information is an important skill for successful social interactions.
Neurological aspect
The medial temporal lobe is critical for successful destination memory. fMRI scans have demonstrated that the medial temporal lobe is involved with recollection-based memory, which includes destination memory. Mugijura et al. conducted an experiment in which subjects were asked to memorize a short fact when it appeared on a computer screen and then tell it to either a man or a woman. Later the participants were asked to recall which fact they told to which person and how confident (either high or low) they were in their answer. The subjects participated in both a practice round and second round in which they were monitored by a fMRI. Due to the activity displayed on the fMRI scans in the medial temporal lobe of the brain, they concluded that this region is critical for remembering to whom you have told information.
Aging
Older adults have disproportionately impaired destination memory when compared to younger adults, which is due to the process of normal aging. Gopie, Craik, and Hasher coined the term destination amnesia to refer to this deterioration in destination memory. It is unclear as to what is specifically responsible for destination amnesia during aging; however, it is speculated that it is due to the general decline in memory. One's theory of mind ability is a significant predictor of destination memory ability in aging adults, as they both are positively correlated and depend upon executive functioning. Little research has been conducted to understand why destination memory deteriorates or what could slow the demise; however, older adults demonstrate improved destination memory performance when relaying information to an emotional face rather than a neutral face. Emotion improves destination memory performance for older adults as they continue to age, with negative emotions providing a greater impact. More research must be conducted to better understand ways to improve this memory error in order to prevent deterioration from aging.
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive condition in which brain cells degenerate and die, leading to a steady destruction of one's memory and important mental functions. Because Alzheimer's disease has been shown to significantly affect episodic memory, researchers sought to understand how Alzheimer's disease affects destination memory, since it plays a critical role in our episodic memory. El Haj, Gandolphe, Allain, Fasotti, and Antoine found that those with Alzheimer's demonstrated poor performance in destination memory due to their inability to suppress appropriate versus inappropriate information during the memory retrieval process of their experiment. In addition to studying episodic memory, El Haj, Gély-Nargeot and Raffard sought to investigate the relationship between destination memory in Alzheimer patients and theory of mind because both processes are cognitive abilities that support effective communication and are linked to episodic memory function. They found that Alzheimer patients demonstrated a decline in destination memory as well as 2nd order cognitive theory of mind (Mary thinks that John thinks that...), but not for 1st order cognitive theory of mind (John thinks that...). Just as destination memory ability declines with normal aging, it is also negatively affected by Alzheimer's disease.
Social consequences
Destination memory is critical for social interactions. Remembering to whom one has told information is expected and necessary for successful social interactions. Destination memory error can lead to social embarrassment when repeating stories to someone who has already heard them. While the fleeting emotion of social embarrassment may not be viewed as a serious mistake; destination memory can pose more serious issues in society. Including times when a supervisor delegates a specific task to an employee or when a professor forgets to whom they have given a specific responsibility. Errors like these can result in a diffusion of responsibility or an inability to accomplish necessary daily activities. Additionally, destination memory error can result in problematic situations for liars, as the inability to remember to whom they have told a story could result in getting caught in telling incongruent stories. Destination memory is necessary for successful communication.
References
Memory |
The County of Flinders is a county (a cadastral division) in Queensland, Australia, located in the Central Queensland region between Gladstone and Bundaberg. The county is divided into civil parishes. It was named for Matthew Flinders who explored the Australian coastline.
The county was created on 1 September 1855 by royal proclamation under the Waste Lands Australia Act 1846. On 7 March 1901, the Governor issued a proclamation legally dividing Queensland into counties under the Land Act 1897. Its schedule described Flinders thus:
Parishes
Flinders is divided into parishes, as listed below:
References
External links
Flinders |
Paul Gavin Johnson CBE (born 5 January 1967) is a British economist and civil servant, currently serving as director of the Institute for Fiscal Studies, a member of the Committee on Climate Change, and a visiting professor in Economics at the Department of Economics, University College London.
Early life and education
The son of Robert and Joy Johnson, he was educated at Kings Manor School, Shoreham-by-Sea, then at Keble College, Oxford, where he held a college scholarship and gained a First in Politics, Philosophy, and Economics, and finally at Birkbeck College, London, where he graduated with an MSc in Economics.
Career
Johnson's first job was at the Institute for Fiscal Studies, where he remained from 1988 to 1998, in the last two years serving as a deputy director.
From September 1998 to January 1999 he was an advisor on pensions and welfare reform in the Cabinet Office. He was then briefly head of Economies of Financial Regulation at the Financial Services Authority, 1999–2000, then transferred as chief economist and director of analytical services to the Department for Education and Employment, soon renamed as the Department for Education and Skills, remaining until 2004. That year he went to HM Treasury as Director of Public Services and Chief Micro-Economist, continuing in post until 2007. He was also deputy head of the Government Economic Service from 2005 to 2007.
In 2007 he returned to the Institute for Fiscal Studies as a research fellow, and in 2011 was appointed as its director.
Johnson was also a member of the Economic and Social Research Council from 2002 to 2007 and a senior associate of Frontier Economics Ltd from 2007 to 2011.
He has served as a visiting professor in the economics department of University College London since 2013, as a member of the British government's Committee on Climate Change since 2012, and as a member of the Actuarial Council.
Recognition
In the 2018 Queen's birthday honours list, Johnson was awarded a CBE for services to the social sciences and economics. He was also elected a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in 2018.
Views
Factors affecting UK economic performance
Johnson stated in November 2022 the government was “reaping the costs of a long-term failure to grow the economy”, together with an ageing population and high borrowing levels. Johnson maintained the nation became much poorer, conditions were, he maintained worse than necessary due to “a series of economic own goals.” Johnson stated “own goals” included “reducing investment spending” and reduced spending on vocational and further education. Johnson maintained Brexit was economically damaging. Johnson said that the September 2022 United Kingdom mini-budget was obviously unhelpful.
Make up of the UK political system
Johnson has said the UK political system is made up of technocratic, ideological and democratic elements, and that a purely technocrat government "would be a disaster" because it "wouldn’t be listening to the people.” Political decisions are often difficult trade-offs made with imperfect knowledge of future outcomes.
Personal life
Johnson is married to economist Lorraine Dearden, and they have four sons. In 2016 they were living in Highgate.
Selected publications
Inequality in the UK (contributor), 1996
Pension Systems and Retirement Incomes Across OECD Countries (contributor), 2001
Tax by Design: the Mirrless review (editor), 2011
Follow the Money: How Much Does Britain Cost? (author), Abacus Books, 2023
Notes
1967 births
British economists
Alumni of Keble College, Oxford
Living people
Fellows of the Academy of Social Sciences |
Cortinarius sulfurinus is a species of fungus belonging to the family Cortinariaceae.
Synonym:
Cortinarius sulfurinus var. sulfurinus Quél., 1884
References
Cortinariaceae |
Daniel Workman Barwick (born June 21, 1968) is an American author, fundraiser, journalist, podcaster, higher education administrator, and teacher. He was the President of Independence Community College in Independence, Kansas.
Biography and education
Barwick was born in New Hartford, New York, and raised in Utica, New York. Following high school, he attended school in Strangnas, Sweden, as a Rotary International Exchange Student, returning to the United States in 1987 to attend the State University of New York College at Geneseo, where he completed his Bachelor of Arts degree. He then earned a Master of Arts degree in Philosophy from the University of Iowa, studying under Panayot Butchvarov. He earned his PhD from the State University of New York at Buffalo, where Barry Smith served as his dissertation advisor. His graduate work was primarily in metaphysics and bioethics, and his dissertation was on the metaphysics of concepts. He is a 2012 graduate of Leadership Independence and a 2013 graduate of Leadership Kansas.
Career
Barwick was CEO of CBD Associates, LLC, a real estate holding company in New York, and CFO for The Well-Dressed Reader, an internet specialty company.
Barwick was Associate Professor of Philosophy and Director of Institutional Advancement at Alfred State College, Executive Director of that college's Development Fund, and held a number of other administrative positions there. He became President of Independence Community College in 2011.
From 2008-2018, Barwick was certified by CFRE International, a provider of professional certification of fundraising proficiency. Since 2007, he has worked primarily as a fundraiser for nonprofit organizations, raising over $100M since that time.
Barwick was named by Ingram's Business Magazine as one of the "Fifty Kansans You Should Know" in 2016. In 2017, he was elected President of the Council of Presidents, the Kansas-wide group of community college presidents. During the 2017-2018 fiscal year in which he represented Kansas Community Colleges, community college funding statewide received its first increase in eight years. Active in Rotary International, he became the president of the Independence, Kansas Rotary Club in 2017.
Since 2018, Barwick has published a blog on higher education issues from a senior leadership perspective, The Mortarboard Blog. He hosts a companion podcast, The Mortarboard.
Barwick played a minor role as himself in the 2018 and 2019 seasons of the Netflix documentary series Last Chance U, which featured Independence Community College.
Barwick resigned as President of Independence Community College in June 2019, as the Mortarboard became a larger organization and he took on the role of President.
In 2020, Barwick became Director of Development of the School of Health and Human Services at Indiana State University. In his first two years at the university, Indiana State University achieved its highest ever university-wide fundraising totals, as well as its highest totals for the health sciences.
In 2022, Barwick became the Director of Philanthropy for the University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Dentistry, and Executive Director of the Rinehart Foundation. He also has periodically taught philosophy as an adjunct instructor for a variety of schools.
Barwick is the author of the 2020 book Risk and Reward: How Small Colleges Get Better Against the Odds, published by ABJames. He is also the author of the 1994 book Intentional Implications: The impact of a reduction of mind on philosophy, published by University Press of America. According to WorldCat, the book is held in 95 libraries.
Educational issues
Following conflict in 2005-2006 that took place between the Alfred State College campus president Uma Gupta and employees, which attracted national coverage in the New York Times, The Chronicle of Higher Education, and other venues, Barwick identified the event as the first time that social media criticism had contributed substantially to the reassignment of a public college president, publishing positively reviewed analyses in national and international publications.
Barwick was a proponent of the view that a negative link between large class size, generically understood, and reduced learning outcomes has not been proven to exist in higher education, and has argued that additional funding for research is needed. An early advocate for the Mooc, he has argued that although a negative link has been established between certain types of instruction in large classes and learning outcomes, there was not sufficient experimentation with different instructional methods to determine whether large class size was always correlated with poorer outcomes.
In 2013, Independence Community College became the first public college in Kansas to allow the concealed carry of handguns. As more states require public colleges to allow concealed carry, Barwick has spoken and published on the data gathered during the period since the rule was enacted, the process used to construct his campus' policy, and the insurance options for schools who choose to allow concealed carry.
In 2016, Barwick was one of eight presidents who threatened to leave the Kansas Jayhawk Community College Conference over concerns regarding football roster limitations. Barwick and the seven other presidents argued that the roster limitations were originally based on racial discrimination, and continued to have a discriminatory effect against minority athletes. The conference subsequently voted unanimously to eliminate the restrictions.
In 2021, Barwick first published his view that the majority of colleges should shift to what he called a “trundle,” a teaching-based version of Scott Galloway’s “rundle,” which is itself a combination of bundling of services and a subscription-based payment model. Barwick has argued that the current transaction model of higher education, which requires a commitment of time, effort, and money from the student with no guarantee of success, is increasingly unattractive to prospective students and will gradually erode enrollments further.
References
1968 births
Living people
Businesspeople from New York (state)
People from Independence, Kansas
People from Utica, New York
State University of New York at Geneseo alumni
State University of New York faculty
University at Buffalo alumni
University of Iowa alumni |
Philippe "Phil" Myers (born January 25, 1997) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who currently plays for the Syracuse Crunch in the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract to the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League (NHL).
Early life
Myers was born on January 25, 1997, in Moncton, New Brunswick, and was raised in Dieppe, New Brunswick. He is the only child of Dave and Suzanne Myers, and relied on his family for motivation throughout his hockey career. The son of an English-speaking father and bilingual mother, Myers attended Francophone school, and became comfortable in both French and English. As an adolescent, he played minor ice hockey with the Moncton Flyers midget AAA league.
Playing career
Junior
The Rouyn-Noranda Huskies of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) selected Myers in the fourth round, 58th overall, of the 2013 QMJHL Entry Draft.
Professional
Philadelphia Flyers
Myers was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Flyers on September 21, 2015. After his stellar play during the 2015–16 QMJHL season, NHL scouts (not good ones) believed he would have been a first-round pick in the 2016 NHL Entry Draft if the Flyers had not signed him. He made his NHL debut on February 17, 2019, in a game against the Detroit Red Wings. Myers would go on to score his first career goal on March 6, 2019, in a game against the Washington Capitals.
Myers was one of the Flyers' final roster cuts as they entered the season, but he was called up on October 31 to add life to a team that had lost their last two games by a combined 12–4 score. With seven defensemen on their roster, Myers was part of a three-man platoon with Robert Hägg and occasionally Shayne Gostisbehere through the first half of the season. By the end of January, Myers had become a staple in the Flyers' lineup, tied with Carson Soucy of the Minnesota Wild for the best plus-minus (+16) among all NHL rookies. On the second defensive pairing with Travis Sanheim, Myers had four goals and 16 points in 50 games before the NHL season was prematurely suspended that March due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Shortly before the season's abrupt end, Myers fractured his right patella while blocking a shot from Jack Eichel of the Buffalo Sabres; he was expected to miss a month of play, leaving room for Gostisbehere, who had also suffered a knee injury earlier that year, to take his place in the lineup. By the time the NHL began crafting their "return to play" plan for the 2020 Stanley Cup playoffs, however, Myers had fully recovered from the injury and was ready to make his first postseason appearance alongside Sanheim. He played in all 16 playoff games before the Flyers were eliminated by the New York Islanders, contributing three goals and four points, including the overtime game-winning goal in Game 2 against the Islanders.
On December 8, 2020, the Flyers signed Myers to a three-year contract extension carrying an average annual value of $2.55 million. When the sudden retirement of Matt Niskanen left an unexpected gap on the Flyers' top defensive pairing, Myers was the first choice to play alongside Ivan Provorov for the season. Only four games into the season, however, Myers suffered a fractured rib after colliding with Jake McCabe of the Buffalo Sabres, and Sanheim was promoted to the top line in his place. Even after he recovered, Myers moved in and out of the Flyers lineup as he struggled to regain his form from the previous season. The repeated benching was itself a cause of frustration, as limited time on the ice also gave players like Myers little opportunity to fix their performance. Through the first three-quarters of the season, Myers had only eight points, all assists, and a −12 rating, but he was confident that he was "definitely moving in the right direction" going into the last 11 games. Through 44 games of the pandemic-shortened season, Myers had one goal and 10 assists. That one goal came on April 27, in a 6–4 defeat at the hands of the New Jersey Devils. Myers's difficulties were especially pronounced on the defensive end: when he was on the ice, the Flyers' opponents scored 56 goals against them.
Nashville Predators
On July 17, 2021, the Flyers traded Myers and Nolan Patrick to the Nashville Predators in exchange for defenseman Ryan Ellis. While Patrick was immediately flipped to the Vegas Golden Knights in exchange for Cody Glass, Myers remained with Nashville as part of their larger roster revamp, which aimed to create a strong core of younger players. Through the first 11 games of the season, however, Myers played in only three, with Alexandre Carrier, Dante Fabbro, and Matt Benning serving as the Predators' right-side defensemen. On March 23, 2022, days after Nashville placed Myers on waivers and clearing, he was loaned to the Toronto Marlies following a trade on March 21, that saw Alex Biega being traded to the Nashville Predators for future considerations. Myers being loaned to the Marlies was the future considerations aspect of the deal.
Tampa Bay Lightning
Following a tough first season with the Predators, on July 3, 2022, Myers was traded to the Tampa Bay Lightning along with Grant Mismash in exchange for Ryan McDonagh. On August 26, 2022, his contract was extended by one year for $1.4 million.
International play
Myers first represented Canada on the international stage at the 2017 World Junior Championships, held in Montreal-Toronto, Canada. He registered 3 assists in just 4 games as Canada claimed the Silver Medal as the host nation, losing the final to the United States. Partway through the tournament, Myers sustained an injury from Minnesota Wild prospect Luke Kunin that put him out of commission for the rest of the WJC.
Myers was a late inclusion to join Team Canada at the 2019 World Championships underway in Slovakia on May 15, 2019. Recalled to the squad as an injury replacement for Brandon Montour, Myers made his full international debut in a 5–2 round-robin victory over France on May 16, 2019. Myers helped Canada progress through to the playoff rounds before losing the final to Finland to finish with the Silver Medal on May 26, 2019. He finished the tournament posting 1 assist from the blueline in 7 games.
Personal life
Myers is a self-taught pianist who, rather than reading sheet music, learns music by ear from watching YouTube videos.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
Awards and honours
References
External links
1997 births
Living people
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Lehigh Valley Phantoms players
Nashville Predators players
Philadelphia Flyers players
Rouyn-Noranda Huskies players
Ice hockey people from Moncton
Syracuse Crunch players
Tampa Bay Lightning players
Toronto Marlies players
Undrafted National Hockey League players |
Kingswood may refer to:
Places
Australia
Kingswood, New South Wales
Kingswood (Tamworth), New South Wales
Kingswood Park, New South Wales
Kingswood, South Australia
Canada
Kingswood Music Theatre
Kingswood Drive Public School, an elementary school located in Brampton, Ontario
Kingswood Elementary School (British Columbia), an elementary school in Richmond
Kingswood Elementary School (Nova Scotia), an elementary school in Hammonds Plains
Kingswood University (New Brunswick), a private Christian university in Sussex
England and Wales
Kingswood, Buckinghamshire
Kingswood, Cheshire, a location in the United Kingdom
Kingswood, Dulwich, South London
Kingswood, Essex, a location in the United Kingdom
Kingswood, Hertfordshire, a location in the United Kingdom
Kingswood, Kent
Kingswood, Kingston upon Hull, a housing estate
Kingswood, Powys, a location in the United Kingdom
Kingswood, Somerset
Kingswood, South Gloucestershire, on the outskirts of Bristol
Kingswood (UK Parliament constituency)
Kingswood Borough, a former borough
Kingswood, Stroud District, Gloucestershire
Kingswood Abbey
Kingswood, Surrey
Kingswood, Warwickshire
Ireland
Kingswood, Dublin, a suburb
Kingswood Luas stop, a tram stop
United States
Kingswood, Kentucky
Motor vehicles
Chevrolet Kingswood, a station-wagon automobile manufactured from 1959 to 1972
Chevrolet Kingswood Estate, a premium variation of the Chevrolet Kingswood, manufactured from 1969 to 1972
Holden Kingswood, an automobile manufactured in various forms from 1968 to 1984
Media and entertainment
Kingswood Country, an Australian sitcom, screening from 1980 to 1984
Kingswood, song by The Vasco Era
Kingswood (band), an Australian indie rock band
See also
King's Wood (disambiguation)
Kingwood (disambiguation)
Kingswood Academy (disambiguation)
Kingswood College (disambiguation)
Kingswood School (disambiguation) |
Abel Ladaveze was an Irish Anglican clergyman.
He was born in Dublin, and educated at Trinity College Dublin. He was Archdeacon of Cashel from 1767 until his death a year later.
References
1767 deaths
Archdeacons of Cashel
Year of birth missing
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Christian clergy from Dublin (city) |
"Diggi-Loo Diggi-Ley" was the winning song in the Eurovision Song Contest 1984 performed in Swedish by the trio of brothers Herrey's, representing . Lyrics were written by Britt Lindeborg, and the tune by Torgny Söderberg. It was produced by Anders Engberg and Torgny Söderberg.
The song is an upbeat 1980s-style dance song, performed by three clean-cut young men – fellow Swedish Eurovision participant Tommy Körberg famously dubbed them "the dancing deodorants" in the press, a derogatory nickname that stuck with them for the rest of their career in their home country – and the nonsensical title harking back to previous entries such as "Boom Bang-a-Bang", "Ding-a-dong" and "La, la, la". The song has achieved considerable fame among Eurovision Song Contest fans, with a well-known archive of contest lyrics using the domain name diggiloo.net, named after it. Despite the reception the song receives today, in the run-up to the contest it was not an immediate favorite to win: bookmakers Ladbrokes had 's "Terminal 3" and 's "I treni di Tozeur" as higher favourites, so the song winning came as a surprise to many.
According to author John Kennedy O'Connor's The Eurovision Song Contest – The Official History, Herrey's opened the contest and thus became the third winners of the competition to sing from pole position, following Teach-In in and Brotherhood of Man in . No song sung first or second has won since.
The song itself deals with the lead singer discovering a pair of golden shoes in the street one day. He puts them on and immediately feels like dancing in the street, entering a "magical world". Thus, he wishes for everyone to have a pair. The English translation, which the group sang in their winning reprise at the Contest, took much the same theme.
Richard Herrey, lead singer of the band, performed at the Congratulations special in late 2005. In 2015, all three band members performed the track with a mixture of English and Swedish lyrics at Apollo theatre in Hammersmith, London as part of the BBC's Eurovision Song Contest's Greatest Hits concert to mark the contest's 60th anniversary.
The song was succeeded as winner in by Bobbysocks representing with "La det swinge". The highest chart position the song reached was No. 2, in the Swedish singles chart. They reached No. 46 on the UK Singles Chart.
Track listing
"Diggi Loo – Diggi Ley" – 3:05
"Every Song You Sing" – 3:34
Charts
Covers
The Swedish heavy metal band Black Ingvars covered "Diggi-Loo Diggi-Ley" on their 1998 album Schlager Metal.
Meiju Suvas has recorded a version in Finnish.
The Danish duo Small Talk released an English cover version on their 2001 album Eurovision.
References
External links
"Diggi-loo diggi-ley" at the Austrian singles chart
"Diggi-loo diggi-ley" at the Norwegian singles chart
"Diggi-loo diggi-ley" at the Swedish singles chart
"Diggi-loo diggi-ley" at the Swiss singles chart
Eurovision songs of 1984
Melodifestivalen songs of 1984
Eurovision songs of Sweden
Eurovision Song Contest winning songs
Swedish-language songs
Songs written by Torgny Söderberg
Herreys songs
Mariann Grammofon singles
1984 songs
1984 singles |
```smalltalk
using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using System.Linq;
using StardewValley;
namespace StardewModdingAPI.Mods.ConsoleCommands.Framework.Commands.Player
{
/// <summary>A command which edits the player's current health.</summary>
[SuppressMessage("ReSharper", "UnusedMember.Global", Justification = "Loaded using reflection")]
internal class SetHealthCommand : ConsoleCommand
{
/*********
** Public methods
*********/
/// <summary>Construct an instance.</summary>
public SetHealthCommand()
: base("player_sethealth", "Sets the player's health.\n\nUsage: player_sethealth [value]\n- value: an integer amount.") { }
/// <summary>Handle the command.</summary>
/// <param name="monitor">Writes messages to the console and log file.</param>
/// <param name="command">The command name.</param>
/// <param name="args">The command arguments.</param>
public override void Handle(IMonitor monitor, string command, ArgumentParser args)
{
// no-argument mode
if (!args.Any())
{
monitor.Log($"You currently have {Game1.player.health} health. Specify a value to change it.", LogLevel.Info);
return;
}
// handle
string amountStr = args[0];
if (int.TryParse(amountStr, out int amount))
{
Game1.player.health = amount;
monitor.Log($"OK, you now have {Game1.player.health} health.", LogLevel.Info);
}
else
this.LogArgumentNotInt(monitor);
}
}
}
``` |
William Rea (1816–1881) was a stock and station agent and a politician in Queensland, Australia. He was a Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly.
Early life
William Rea was born in Belfast in 1816. He came to Australia in about 1841 where he worked in stock and station agency business with firms which had branches in New South Wales and New Zealand. Around the time of the separation of Queensland (circa 1859), he moved to Rockhampton where he established his own stock and station agency business with Mr Rankin.
Politics
Rea was elected to the Queensland Legislative Assembly in the Electorate of Rockhampton on 15 November 1878. He held the seat until his death on 21 September 1881.
Later life
Rea died on 21 September 1881 in his temporary residence at Martin Street, Fortitude Valley, Brisbane. He had been unwell for a few days beforehand and, having failed to attend Parliament, was found dead apparently from heart disease. At the time of his death, he was writing a letter in which he said he felt he was dying and fell to the floor with his pencil still in hand. He was buried on 22 September 1881 in Toowong Cemetery.
See also
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, 1878–1883
References
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
1816 births
1881 deaths
19th-century Australian politicians
Irish emigrants to colonial Australia |
The direct method of teaching, which is sometimes called the natural method, and is often (but not exclusively) used in teaching foreign languages, refrains from using the learners' native language and uses only the target language. It was established in England around 1900 and contrasts with the grammar–translation method and other traditional approaches, as well as with C.J. Dodson's bilingual method. It was adopted by key international language schools such as Berlitz, Alliance Française and Inlingua in the 1970s and many of the language departments of the Foreign Service Institute of the U.S. State Department in 2012.
In general, teaching focuses on the development of oral skills. Characteristic features of the direct method are:
teaching concepts and vocabulary through pantomiming, real-life objects and other visual materials
teaching grammar by using an inductive approach (i.e. having learners find out rules through the presentation of adequate linguistic forms in the target language)
the centrality of spoken language (including a native-like pronunciation)
focus on questionanswer patterns
Definition
The direct method in teaching a language is directly establishing an immediate and audiovisual association between experience and expression, words and phrases, idioms and meanings, rules and performances through the teachers' body and mental skills, without any help of the learners' mother tongue.
Direct method of teaching languages aims to build a direct way into the world of the target language making a relation between experience and language, word and idea, thought and expression rule and performance.
This method intends for students to learn how to communicate in the target language
This method is based on the assumption that the learner should experience the new language in the same way as he/she experienced his/her mother tongue without considering the existence of his/her mother tongue.
Essentials
No translation
Concepts are taught by means of objects or by natural contexts through the mental and physical skills of the teacher only.
Oral training helps in reading and writing listening and speaking simultaneously.
Grammar is taught indirectly through the implication of the situation creation.
Techniques
Question/answer exercise – the teacher asks questions of any type and the student answers.
Dictation – the teacher chooses a grade-appropriate passage and reads it aloud.
Reading aloud – the students take turns reading sections of a passage, play or a dialogue aloud.
Student self-correction – when a student makes a mistake the teacher offers him/her a second chance by giving a choice.
Conversation practice – the students are given an opportunity to ask their own questions to the other students or to the teacher. This enables both a teacher-learner interaction as well as a learner-learner interaction.
Paragraph writing – the students are asked to write a passage in their own words.
Nature
The direct method is also known as the natural method. It was developed as a reaction to the grammar-translation method and is designed to take the learner into the domain of the target language in the most natural manner.
The main objective is to impart a perfect command of a foreign language. The main focus is to make the learner think in the targeted language in the same manner as the learning of his/her mother tongue in the most natural way.
In traditional language-learning, pupil participation was found to be diminished as the teaching is perceived to be long and monotonous.
Merits
Facilitates understanding of language – understanding of the target language becomes easier due to the inhibition of the linguistic interferences from the mother tongue, it establishes a direct bond between contexts and helps in understanding directly what is heard and read
Improves fluency of speech – fluency of speech results in easier writing, it tends to improve expression, expression in writing, and it is a quick way of learning and expanding vocabulary
Aids reading – reading becomes easier and more pleasant, and it also promotes a habit of critical studying
Improves the development of language sense
Full of activities, which make it interesting and exciting
Emphasizes the target language by helping the pupil express their thoughts and feelings directly in target language without using their mother tongue
Develops listening, speaking, reading.
Increased employment opportunities
Helps in bringing words from passive vocabulary into active vocabulary
Helps in proceeding the English language from particular to general, it bridges the gap between practice and theory
Makes use of audio-visual aids and also facilitates reading and writing
Facilitates alertness and participation of students
Demerits
Ignores systematic written work and reading activities
May not hold well in higher-level classes where the translation method may be more suitable
Supports only limited vocabulary – it restricts the scope of vocabulary as not all words can be directly associated with their meanings
Needs skilled teachers; e.g., less effective if teachers have a poor command of English
Ignores reading and writing aspects of language learning
Does not teach grammar systematically
Time-consuming in creating real-life situations
Less suitable for slow learners, who struggle with this method
Principles
Classroom instruction is conducted exclusively in the target language.
Only everyday vocabulary and sentences are taught during the initial phase; grammar, reading, and writing are introduced in the intermediate phase.
Oral communication skills are built up in a carefully graded progression organized around question-and-answer exchanges between teachers and students in small, intensive classes.
Grammar is taught inductively.
New teaching points are introduced orally.
Concrete vocabulary is taught through demonstration, objects, and pictures; abstract vocabulary is taught by association of ideas.
Both speech and listening comprehension is taught.
Correct pronunciation and grammar are emphasized.
Students should be speaking approximately 80% of the time during the lesson.
Students are taught from inception to ask questions as well as answer them. Pedagogy
The key Aspects of this method are:
I. Introduction of new word, number, alphabet character, sentence or concept (referred to as an Element) :
• SHOW...Point to Visual Aid or Gestures (for verbs), to ensure student clearly understands what is being taught.
• SAY...Teacher verbally introduces Element, with care and enunciation.
• TRY...Student makes various attempts to pronounce new Element.
• MOULD...Teacher corrects student if necessary, pointing to mouth to show proper shaping of lips, tongue and relationship to teeth.
• REPEAT...Student repeats each Element 5-20 times.
NOTE: Teachers should be aware of "high-frequency words and verbs" and prioritize teaching for this. (i.e. Teach key verbs such as "To Go" and "To Be" before unusual verbs like "To Trim" or "To Sail"; likewise, teach Apple and Orange before Prune and Cranberry.)
II. Syntax, the correct location of new Element in a sentence:
• SAY & REPEAT...The teacher states a phrase or sentence to a student; the Student repeats such 5-20 times.
• ASK & REPLY IN NEGATIVE...The teacher uses Element in negative situations (e.g. "Are you the President of the United States?" or "Are you the teacher?"); Students says "No". If more advanced may use the negative with "Not".
• INTERROGATIVES Teacher provides intuitive examples using 5 "w"s (Who, What, Where, Why, When) or How". Use random variations to practice.
• PRONOUNS WITH VERBS Using visuals (such as photos or illustrations) or gestures, the Teacher covers all pronouns. Use many random variations such as "Is Ana a woman?" or "Are they from France?" to practice.
• USE AND QUESTIONS...Students must choose and utilize the correct Element, as well as pose appropriate questions as the Teacher did.
III. Progress, from new Element to new Element (within same lesson):
A. Random Sequencing: 1. After new Element (X) is taught and learned, go to next Element (Y).
2. After next Element (Y) is taught and learned, return to practice with Element (X).
3. After these two are alternated (X-Y; Y-X; Y-Y, etc), go to 3rd Element (Z).
4. Go back to 1 and 2, mix in 3, practice (X-Y-Z; Z-Y-X; Y-Y-Z, etc.) and continue building up to an appropriate number of Elements (maybe as many as 20 per lesson, depending on the student, see B.1), practising all possible combinations and repeating 5-20 times each combination.
B. Student-Led Limits: 1. Observe student carefully, to know when mental "saturation" point is reached, indicating student should not be taught more Elements until another time.
2. At this point, stop imparting new information, and simply do Review as follows:
C. Review: Keep random, arbitrary sequencing. If appropriate, use visuals, pointing quickly to each. Employ different examples of Element that are easy to understand, changing country/city names, people names, and words student already knows. Keep a list of everything taught, so proper testing may be done.D. Observation and Notation: Teacher should maintain a student list of words/phrases that are most difficult for that student. The list is called "Special Attention List"
IV. Progress, from Lesson to Lesson:
• LESSON REVIEW The first few minutes of each lesson are to review prior lesson(s).
• GLOBAL REVIEW Transition from Lesson Review to a comprehensive review, which should always include items from the Special Attention List.
V. Advanced Concepts:
• Intermediate and Advanced Students may skip some Element introduction as appropriate; become aware of student's language abilities, so they are not frustrated by too much review. If Student immediately shows recognition and knowledge, move to next Element.
• Non-Standard Alphabets: Teaching Student to recognize letters/characters and reading words should employ same steps as in above Aspect I, and alphabet variations may be taught using Aspect III. Writing characters and words should initially be done manually, either on paper or whiteboard.
• Country Accents: Any student at intermediate stages or higher should be made aware of subtle variations in pronunciation, which depend on geography within a country or from country to country.
An integral aspect of the Direct Method is varying the setting' of teaching; instructors try different scenarios using the same Element. This makes the lessons more "real world," and it allows for some confusing distractions to the student and employs organic variables common in the culture and locale of language use.
Historical context
The direct method was an answer to the dissatisfaction with the older grammar translation method, which teaches students grammar and vocabulary through direct translations and thus focuses on the written language.
There was an attempt to set up conditions that imitate mother tongue acquisition, which is why the beginnings of these attempts were called the natural method. At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, Sauveur and Franke proposed that language teaching should be undertaken within the target-language system, which was the first stimulus for the rise of the direct method.
The audio-lingual method was developed in an attempt to address some of the perceived weaknesses of the direct method.
See also
Language education
Second language acquisition
Language immersion
Notes
References
Bussmann, Hadumod (1996), Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics, London/New York, s.v. direct method
Krause, C. A. (1916), The Direct Method in Modern Languages, New York.
Societe Internationale des Ecoles Inlingua (1973), Inlingua English First Book'', Berne Switzerland.
Societe Internationale des Ecoles Inlingua (1999), Inlingua Teacher Manual (3rd Edition), Berne Switzerland.
Language-teaching methodology |
Dos Palmas Spring is an artesian spring in Riverside County, California where it lies at the foot of the Orocopia Mountains. It is only one of several such springs in the area that create an oasis in the Colorado Desert there.
History
Dos Palmas Spring, an artesian spring was a watering place in the Salton Sink for Native Americans traveling across the Colorado Desert between the Colorado River and Southern California for centuries. For many years the oasis was a camp and watering spot on a long used trail along the oasis's at the foot of the mountains east of the Salton Sink to the Yuma Crossing and Yuma, Arizona to the southeast.
From 1862, it became a camp and watering stop for gold seekers and other travelers along the Bradshaw Trail between San Bernardino and the gold mining boomtown of La Paz, Arizona and later to nearby Ehrenberg that replaced it. A stage stop called Dos Palmas was established there for the Bradshaw and Yuma roads. This spring and stage station was the site of the murder of Herman Ehrenberg on October 9, 1866.
For a short time in May - June, 1877, there was a post office at that location.
Dos Palmas Preserve
The Dos Palmas Spring is now part of the Dos Palmas Preserve a 14,000-acre preserve created to protect important biological resources. The oasis with its hundreds of desert fan palms and pools fed by artesian springs and seepage from the nearby Coachella Canal form a wetland that offers shelter from the hot, dry Colorado Desert to a variety of both threatened or endangered and more common animal species. These include the endangered Yuma Rail, the Desert Pupfish and the Orocopia Sage.
References
Gary L. Shumway, Larry Vredenburgh, Russell Hartill, Desert Fever: An Overview of Mining History of the California Desert Conservation Area; February, 1980, complete pdf version
Gary L. Shumway, Larry Vredenburgh, Russell Hartill, Desert Fever: An Overview of Mining History of the California Desert Conservation Area; Riverside County, February, 1980
Desert Fever: An Overview of Mining History of the California Desert Conservation Area; Riverside County, End Notes
Randall Henderson, Waterhole on the Old Bradshaw Trail, Desert Magazine, January 1947
Bodies of water of Riverside County, California
Geography of the Colorado Desert
Springs of California
Former settlements in Riverside County, California
Former populated places in California
American frontier
Stagecoach stops in the United States
Bradshaw Trail
1862 establishments in California
Oases of California |
Ceroplesis granulata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1937. It is known from Uganda.
References
Endemic fauna of Uganda
granulata
Beetles described in 1937 |
Shemyakino () is a rural locality (a village) in Shapshinskoye Rural Settlement, Kharovsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 7 as of 2002.
Geography
Shemyakino is located 40 km northwest of Kharovsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Potapikha is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Kharovsky District |
Gunther Mele Ltd. is a Canadian manufacturer and supplier of retail packaging. The company's headquarters are located in Brantford, Ontario. Gunther Mele is privately owned and has operations in the United States, China and Canada.
History
Gunther Mele was established in 1857 by two German immigrant brothers and was originally named the E&A Gunther Company. The company’s mission statement was "Everything for the Jeweler except Jewelry". They supplied jewelry packaging, watch materials, and workshop tools to independent jewelers, jewelry chain stores, and large department store jewelry departments.
In 1962, a great-grandson of the founders was killed in an automobile accident after leaving a trade show. His widow sold the company to Mele Manufacturing Company of Utica, New York. In 1987, Douglas M. King, who is the current owner and CEO, purchased Gunther Mele from Mele Manufacturing. Mele Manufacturing was a major jewelry case manufacturer which owned Farrington Packaging, which itself made cases for Cross Pen, Schick Shavers and many consumer product companies. His son, Darrell King, joined the company in 1995 and now serves as the company's president.
Business Overview
Over the years, the company has evolved into one of the largest suppliers of packaging and packaging-related products in North America. The company employs over 250 people in two facilities including a manufacturing plant in Brantford, Ontario, Canada, and an operation in Buffalo, New York, United States.
The company manufactures cotton-filled paper boxes as well as poly bags, paper bags, reusable bags, and a variety of printed ribbon, seals and packaging accessories. Gunther Mele has been an early adopter of environmentally friendly packaging, licensing TDPA oxo-biodegradable technology from epi-global and utilizing FSC approved suppliers of papers for it shopping bags. Reusable non-woven fabric style bags have become a major category for Gunther Mele.
In addition to manufacturing capabilities, the company has more than thirty years experience working with manufacturers in Asia and established a "working venture" with several overseas manufacturers. Product volume with these three manufacturing companies in China is substantial and allows the company to control production schedules, quality and delivery. Gunther Mele also owns a Chinese company called KDI Limited, located in Hong Kong, which acts as a sourcing agent, liaises with factories in quality, delivery and production methods and facilitates the company's importing activities.
References
External links
Official Website
KDI Limited
Companies based in Ontario
Brantford |
Express.Net Airlines was a cargo airline based in Naples, Florida, USA. It operated all-cargo charter and ACMI services in the USA and to Canada, Mexico, South America and the Far East. Its main base is Naples Municipal Airport.
History
The airline was established in 1972 as Trans Continental Airlines and in 1999 was purchased from Scott Kalitta by David Clark and Michael Goldberg who wholly own the airline, which had 270 employees (at March 2007).
The airline has not been in operation since 2008.
Destinations
Express.Net Airlines operated freight services to the following international scheduled destinations (at January 2005): Palerimo, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Taipei and Tokyo.
Fleet
The Express.Net Airlines fleet consisted of the following aircraft (at March 2007):
9 Airbus A300B4-200F
1 Boeing 727-100F
5 Boeing 727-200F
Previously operated
At August 2009 the airline also operated:
5 DC-8
2 Boeing 727-200
2 Boeing 727-200F
See also
List of defunct airlines of the United States
References
External links
Express.Net Airlines
Defunct airlines of the United States
Airlines established in 1972
Airlines disestablished in 2008
Airlines based in Florida
Defunct cargo airlines
Cargo airlines of the United States |
Benjamin Guggenheim (October 26, 1865 – April 15, 1912) was an American businessman, a wealthy member of the Guggenheim family. He died aboard when the ship sank in the North Atlantic Ocean.
Early life
Guggenheim was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the fifth of seven sons of the wealthy mining magnate Meyer Guggenheim and Barbara Myers. Guggenheim's parents were Jewish. His father was a Swiss Jew born in Lengnau, Aargau, Switzerland and his mother was a German Jew. Guggenheim met Barbara Meyers (1834–1900), a fellow immigrant on the ship to the United States, and married her four years later around 1852. Benjamin was the first member of his family to enter an institute of higher learning, he entered Columbia College in 1882, matriculating with the class of 1887. However, he found most of his courses boring and dropped out after his second year. He also attended the Peirce School of Business (now Peirce College), then one of the most prominent business schools in the country.
In 1894, he married Florette Seligman (1870–1937), daughter of James Seligman, a senior partner in the firm J. & W. Seligman & Co. and Rosa Seligman, née Content. Her family originated in Baiersdorf, Franconia, Germany. Together, they had three daughters: Benita Rosalind Guggenheim (1895–1927), Marguerite "Peggy" Guggenheim (1898–1979) and Barbara Hazel Guggenheim (1903–1995).
Guggenheim inherited a great deal of money from his mother. Due to business concerns, he grew distant from his wife and was frequently away from their New York City home. He maintained an apartment in Paris, France.
Aboard the Titanic
Guggenheim boarded the and was accompanied by his mistress, a French singer named Léontine Aubart (1887–1964); his secretary, Victor Giglio (1888–1912); his chauffeur, René Pernot (1872–1912); and Madame Aubart's maid, Emma Sägesser (1887–1964). His ticket was number 17593 and cost £79 4s (other sources give the price as £56 18s 7d). He and Giglio occupied stateroom cabin B84 while Aubart and Sägesser occupied cabin B35. Pernot occupied an unknown cabin in second class.
Guggenheim and Giglio slept through the Titanic encounter with the iceberg only to be awakened just after midnight ship's time by Aubart and Sägesser, who had felt the collision. Sägesser later quoted Giglio as saying, "Never mind, icebergs! What is an iceberg?" Guggenheim was persuaded to awaken and dress, and bedroom steward James Etches helped fit him with a lifebelt and a heavy sweater before sending Guggenheim, Giglio, and the two women up to the boat deck.
Etches later testified that Guggenheim and his valet went from lifeboat to lifeboat ensuring the women and children were safely aboard and that the two were of great assistance to the officers.
As Aubart and Sägesser reluctantly entered Lifeboat No. 9, Guggenheim spoke to the maid in German, saying, "We will soon see each other again! It's just a repair. Tomorrow the Titanic will go on again." Realizing that the situation was much more serious than he had implied and that he was not going to be rescued, he returned to his cabin with Giglio and the two men changed into evening wear. Titanic survivor Rose Amelie Icard wrote in a letter, "The millionaire Benjamin Guggenheim after having helped the rescue of women and children, got dressed and put a rose at his buttonhole, to die." He was heard to remark, "We've dressed up in our best and are prepared to go down like gentlemen." Etches, who survived the sinking, recorded Guggenheim's message: "If anything should happen to me, tell my wife in New York that I've done my best in doing my duty." Etches reported that "shortly after the last few boats were lowered and I was ordered by the deck officer to man an oar, I waved good-bye to Mr. Guggenheim, and that was the last I saw of him and [Giglio]." Both men, as well as Guggenheim's chauffeur Pernot, died in the sinking. Their bodies, if recovered, were never identified.
Portrayals
Guggenheim was among the most prominent American victims of the disaster. As such, he has been portrayed in numerous films, television series and a Broadway show based on the sinking:
Camillo Guercio (in an uncredited role) in Titanic (1953)
Harold Goldblatt in A Night to Remember (1958)
John Moffatt in SOS Titanic (1979)
Michael Ensign in Titanic (1997)
David Eisner in Titanic (2012)
See also
Guggenheim family
References
External links and references
Encyclopedia Titanica Biography of Benjamin Guggenheim
Benjamin Guggenheim on Titanic-Titanic.com
Encyclopedia Titanica Biography of Emma Sägesser
Titanic: Triumph and Tragedy, by John P. Eaton and Charles A. Haas, W.W. Newton & Company, 2nd edition 1995
A Night to Remember, by Walter Lord, ed. Nathaniel Hilbreck, Owl Books, rep. 2004,
1865 births
1912 deaths
19th-century American businesspeople
American people of German-Jewish descent
American people of Swiss-Jewish descent
Deaths on the RMS Titanic
Benjamin Guggenheim
Businesspeople from Philadelphia
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Peirce College people
20th-century American businesspeople |
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<span><%= link "Back", to: user_path(@conn, :index) %></span>
``` |
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 is an act in India dating from the British colonial rule, that is still in force with significant amendments recently. It deals with the law governing the usage of negotiable instruments in India. The word "negotiable" refers to transferable and "instrument" refers to a document giving legal effect by the virtue of the law.
History
The history of the present Act is a long one. The Act was originally drafted in 1866 by the 3rd Indian Law Commission and introduced in December 1867 in the council and it was referred to a Select Committee. Objections were raised by the mercantile community to the numerous deviations from the English Law in which it contained. The Bill had to be redrafted in 1877. After the lapse of a sufficient period for criticism by the Local Governments, the High Courts and the chambers of commerce, the Bill was revised by a Select Committee. In spite of this Bill could not reach the final stage. In 1880 by the Order of the Secretary of State, the Bill had to be referred to a new Law Commission. On the recommendation of the new Law Commission, the Bill was re-drafted and again it was sent to a Select Committee which adopted most of the additions recommended by the new Law Commission. The draft thus prepared for the fourth time was introduced in the council and was passed into law in 1881 being the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (Act No.26 of 1881).
The most important class of Credit Instruments that evolved in India were termed Hundi. Their use was most widespread in the twelfth century and has continued till today. In a sense, they represent the oldest surviving form of credit instrument. These were used in trade and credit transactions; they were used as remittance instruments for the purpose of transfer of funds from one place to another. In Modern era Hundi served as traveller's cheques.
According to Section 13 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, "A negotiable instrument means a promissory note, bill of exchange or cheque payable either to order or to bearer." But in Section 1, it is also described the Local extent, Saving of usage relating to hundis, etc. and Commencement. It extends to the whole of India but nothing herein contained affects the Indian Paper Currency Act, 1871, Section 21, or affects any local usage relating to any instrument in an oriental language. Provided that such usages may be excluded by any words in the body of the instrument, which indicate an intention that the legal relations of the parties thereto shall be governed by this Act; and it shall come.
Main Types of Negotiable Instruments are:
Inland Instruments
Foreign Instruments
Bank
Finance Companies (listed) Draft
Types of Negotiable Instruments Recognised and Governed by the Act
Promissory Note
Bill of Exchange
Cheque
Structure
The Act comprises 148 sections classified into 17 chapters and they are as follows:
Recent legislation
We prefer to carry a small piece of paper known as cheque rather than carrying the currency worth the cheque's value. Before 1988 there was no provision to restrain a person issuing the a cheque without having sufficient funds in their account, although for a dishonoured cheque a civil liability would accrue. In order to ensure promptitude and remedy against the defaulters of the Negotiable Instrument a criminal remedy of penalty was inserted in Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 by amending it with Banking, Public Financial Institutions and Negotiable Instruments Laws (Amendment) Act, 1988 (insertion of chapter XVII).
With the insertion of these provisions in the Act the situation has improved and the instances of dishonour have relatively come down but on account of application of different interpretative techniques by different High Courts on different provisions of the Act it further compounded and complicated the situation although on dishonour of cheques the trends of the verdicts of the Supreme Court of India.
Parliament enacted the Negotiable Instruments (Amendment and Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 2002 (55 of 2002), which is intended to plug the loopholes. This amendment Act inserts five new sections from 143 to 147 touching various limbs of the parent Act and Cheque truncation through digitally were also included and the amendment Act was into force on 6 February 2003.
Review and Reform
In June 2020, the Finance Ministry in the Government of India proposed the decriminalisation of a number of white-collar crimes, including cheque bouncing under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, in order to improve the ease of doing business as well as to reduce imprisonment rates. The proposal has been opposed by a number of trade and business associations, including the Confederation of All-India Traders (CAIT), the Indian Banks' Association and Finance Industry Development Council (FIDC), and the Federation of Industrial and Commercial Organisation (FICO).
References
External links
N.I.A (Mobile Friendly)
Law of India
Law of Pakistan
1881 in law
Negotiable instrument law
Legislation in British India
1881 in British law
1881 in India |
Alfred Shamin is an Indian athlete. He won a silver medal in the relay in the 1951 Delhi Asian games.
References
Indian male sprinters
Asian Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Athletes (track and field) at the 1951 Asian Games
Asian Games silver medalists for India
Medalists at the 1951 Asian Games
Possibly living people
Year of birth missing |
Ashley Diane Crow (born August 25, 1960) is an American actress. She is best known for her role of Sandra Bennet on the television show Heroes.
Life and career
Crow was born in Birmingham, Alabama. She moved to Mountain Brook, Alabama at the age of nine. She attended the University of Alabama and then graduated from Auburn University in 1982, where she was a member of the Alpha Omicron Pi sorority.
Crow first appeared in a minor role on the U.S. soap opera Guiding Light in the 1980s, followed by a longer role as Beatrice McKechnie on As the World Turns. She later co-starred with Parker Stevenson in the short-lived science fiction TV series Probe. Since then, she has appeared in guest roles on various television shows, including Dark Angel, Everybody Loves Raymond, Touched by an Angel, Party of Five, Nip/Tuck, and The Mentalist. She had a major recurring role on Heroes as Sandra Bennet, wife of Primatech operative Noah Bennet (Jack Coleman).
Her roles in film include appearances in Minority Report, Little Big League, and The Good Son, among others.
Crow's first husband was actor Bill Shanks, who was a castmate on As the World Turns. They divorced in 1993. Crow is now married to fellow Heroes cast member Matthew John Armstrong, who played the role of Ted Sprague. She has one son, Pete Crow-Armstrong, who was selected 19th overall in the 2020 Major League Baseball Draft by the New York Mets and added to the big league roster of the Chicago Cubs September 11, 2023.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
1960 births
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from Birmingham, Alabama
American film actresses
American television actresses
Auburn University alumni
Living people
Tisch School of the Arts alumni
University of Alabama alumni |
The Chapman Lake is a vast expanse of freshwater in the central part of the Gouin Reservoir, in the territory of the town of La Tuque, in Haute-Mauricie, in the administrative region of Mauricie, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
This bay extends into the cantons of Chapman (northern part), Huguenin (southern part) and Nevers (eastern part). Following
the completion of the Gouin Dam in 1948, the current form of Chapman Lake was shaped by the raising of the Gouin Reservoir. The water level varies significantly, being dependent on the Gouin Dam.
Recreotourism activities are the main economic activity of the sector. Forestry comes second.
A road branch connecting to the South at route 400 serves the southern portion of Chapman Lake and the southwestern portion of "Lac des Cinq Milles". The route 400 connects the Gouin Dam to the village of
Parent, Quebec, also serves the river valleys Jean-Pierre and Leblanc; this road also serves the peninsula which stretches north in the Gouin Reservoir on . Some secondary forest roads are in use nearby for forestry and recreational tourism activities.
The surface of Chapman Lake is usually frozen from mid-November to the end of April, but safe ice circulation is generally from early December to the end of March.
Geography
Toponymy
The term "Chapman" is a family name of English origin.
The toponym "lac Chapman" was formalized on December 18, 1986, by the Commission de toponymie du Québec.
Notes and references
See also
Lakes of Mauricie
Tributaries of the Saint-Maurice River
La Tuque, Quebec |
The Old National Park Service Housing Historic District in Bryce Canyon National Park represents the first housing development within the park specifically designed to house National Park Service employees. Most of these units were intended for unmarried seasonal employees, and were small in scale. The majority were built between 1932 and 1936. Plans were developed by the Park Service Branch of Plans and Design. The district includes several cabins, a ranger dormitory, and a "wood vendor" structure.
References
National Register of Historic Places in Bryce Canyon National Park
Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Utah
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Utah
Houses in Utah
Residential buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Utah
Rustic architecture in Utah
1932 establishments in Utah
National Register of Historic Places in Garfield County, Utah |
Francis Joseph Reitz High School (FJ Reitz High School, FJ Reitz, or simply Reitz) is a public high school on the west side of Evansville, Indiana. It was founded in 1918 following a donation from local philanthropist and banker Francis Joseph Reitz, for whom the school is named. It is the second-oldest high school in the city after Evansville Central High School and is run by the Evansville Vanderburgh School Corporation.
It is known as Evansville Reitz by the Indiana High School Athletic Association to distinguish it from Reitz Memorial High School, also named in FJ Reitz's honor. Memorial is a private Roman Catholic school operated by the Diocese of Evansville.
History
Early history and namesake
In the early 1900s, the only high school in the city was Evansville High School, which was located downtown. This was problematic for the city's west side residents, as it was too far away to be financially practical. The school board agreed to purchase land on the west side on Forest Hill, then also known as Coal Mine Hill and today known as Reitz Hill. However, economic issues stemming from World War I made the project impractical. Before the project was abandoned, local banker Francis Joseph Reitz generously agreed to fund the entire issue through the sale of bonds.
Beginnings
The cornerstone was laid on November 3, 1917, with the ceremony being presided over by mayor Benjamin Bosse. The original two-story and basement building was opened in September 1918. Evansville High School was renamed Evansville Central to reflect the opening of the new school. Reitz graduated its first senior class in 1921. That same year, the 10,000-seat (now 12,000-seat) Reitz Football Stadium (locally known as the Reitz Bowl) was completed on the side of a natural slope next to the school.
Expansions
In 1926 the school was expanded for the first time, with a four-story classroom building and gymnasium being added in the style of the original building to its west end. In 1956 a new section containing many new specialty rooms was added which destroyed its original entrance, and in 1957 a five-story classroom wing and a larger gymnasium were added. Also in 1957, an auditorium was added that connected to the Reitz Bowl press box, creating a tunnel (known simply as "the tunnel" by students) where concessions are sold during home athletic events. In 1973 a greenhouse was added, as well as an electric scoreboard for the Reitz Bowl that was donated by the West Side Nut Club. In 1977 an automobile driving range was added off-campus at the nearby Barker Avenue Sports Complex to accommodate the Indiana Driver's Education Department; the driving range is now the practice lot for the school's marching band. In 1988 a fieldhouse was added along with weight training facilities. In 1998 another building (the "new building" as it is called by the students) was added to the school; it is connected to the old building via an elevated passageway known as "the link" that now serves as the school's main entrance. At the same time, the school received a $26 million renovation. In 2009 the football field was replaced with AstroTurf and dedicated the Herman Byers field, Reitz's head football coach from 1942–1962 who accumulated a 189–51–15 record and 6 state championships.
School colors
The school's original colors were purple and gold. They were changed to navy and gray in 1926 when the school's football jerseys were received in navy and gray. Following a student vote they become the official colors. It is often incorrectly assumed that the colors were given to Lincoln Elementary School (an African-American school at the time) and changed to navy and gray as the school sits on the Mason–Dixon line, the traditional boundary between slave states and free states.
Academics
13 AP courses are offered at Reitz.
Demographics
The demographic breakdown of the 1,299 students enrolled in 20152016 was:
Male - 49.7%
Female - 50.3%
Native American/Alaskan - >0.1%
Asian/Pacific islanders - 1.3%
Black - 4.2%
Hispanic - 1.5%
White - 87.3%
Multiracial - 5.7%
40.3% of the students were eligible for free or reduced-cost lunch. FJ Reitz was a Title I school in 20152016.
Sports
Reitz Panthers compete in the Southern Indiana Athletic Conference. The school colors are navy and gray. The school's fight song, RHS Boys/Girls, is sung to the tune of On, Wisconsin! "Mighty Panthers" is another popular school song and is played following RHS Boys/Girls by the band. The following IHSAA sanctioned sports are offered:
Baseball (boys')
Basketball (boys' and girls')
Girls' state champion - 1981
Cross country (boys' and girls')
Football (boys')
State champions - 2007, 2009
Golf (boys' and girls')
Soccer (boys & girls)
Softball (girls)
Swimming (boys' and girls')
Tennis (boys' and girls')
Track (boys' and girls')
Volleyball (girls')
Wrestling (boys')
Feeder schools
Perry Heights Middle School
Daniel Wertz Elementary School
West Terrace Elementary School
Helfrich Park STEM Academy
Cynthia Heights Elementary School
Tekoppel Elementary School
Notable alumni and faculty
Matthew Alan, actor
Jay Buente, baseball player, pitched for the Purdue University Boilermakers, the Florida Marlins and the Tampa Bay Rays
Rudy Charles, Total Nonstop Action Wrestling senior referee
Brian Claybourn, former American football punter and placekicker at Western Kentucky University, and later a player with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League
Elijah Dunham, baseball player
Bob Hamilton, professional golfer; 1944 PGA Championship winner
Don Hansen, played football at Illinois and for 11 seasons in the NFL
Lilly King, swimmer, gold medalist at 2016 Summer Olympics
Khristian Lander, Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball and Western Kentucky Hilltoppers men's basketball player
Paul Musgrave, expert in American foreign policy matters
Dru Smith, former Evansville Purple Aces men's basketball and Missouri Tigers men's basketball player, current Miami Heat player.
Matt Williams, producer of The Cosby Show, Home Improvement, and Roseanne
See also
List of high schools in Indiana
References
External links
High schools in Southwestern Indiana
Schools in Evansville, Indiana
Public high schools in Indiana
Southern Indiana Athletic Conference
Educational institutions established in 1918
1918 establishments in Indiana |
Josep Martínez Riera (born 27 May 1998) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for club Genoa and the Spain national team.
Club career
Las Palmas
Born in Alzira, Valencia, Martínez joined FC Barcelona's La Masia in July 2015, from hometown's UD Alzira. On 19 July 2017, after finishing his formation, he signed for UD Las Palmas and was assigned to the reserves in Segunda División B.
Martínez made his senior debut on 20 August 2017, starting in a 1–1 home draw against UD Melilla. He finished the campaign as a starter, as his side avoided relegation.
Martínez made his first team debut on 28 April 2019, playing the full 90 minutes of a 4–1 home routing of CD Lugo in the Segunda División championship. On 17 June, he was definitely promoted to the main squad.
RB Leipzig
On 22 January 2020, RB Leipzig reached an agreement with Las Palmas for the transfer of Martínez, effective as of 1 July. He agreed to a contract until 2024 with his new club.
Genoa
On 29 June 2022, Martínez was loaned to Genoa in Italy for the Serie B 2022–23 season.
The first part of the season was difficult for Josep since he had to gain a starting spot in the team. After some great saves like the one against Bari (26 December 2022), the decisive one almost at the photo finish in the home match against Reggina (31 March 2023), or the crazy one in the game vs F.C. Südtirol (1 May 2023) where, with a sort of instinct dance move he succeeded to deflect the ball with his heel, Josep become the first-choice goalkeeper at the expense of Adrian Šemper giving a crucial contribution to Genoa's return to Serie A allowing only 22 goals in 30 games.
On 9 June 2023, since the inclusion of a "sell-out" right following the promotion to Serie A, Josep was bought by Genoa for 3,5 million of euros.
International career
Due to the isolation of some national team players following the positive COVID-19 test of Sergio Busquets, Spain's under-21 squad were called up for the international friendly against Lithuania on 8 June 2021. Martínez made his senior debut in the match.
Career statistics
International
Honours
RB Leipzig
DFB-Pokal: 2021–22
References
External links
1998 births
Living people
People from Alzira, Valencia
Footballers from the Province of Valencia
Spanish men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Segunda División players
Segunda División B players
Bundesliga players
Serie A players
Serie B players
UD Las Palmas Atlético players
UD Las Palmas players
RB Leipzig players
Genoa CFC players
Spain men's under-21 international footballers
Spain men's international footballers
Spanish expatriate men's footballers
Spanish expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Spanish expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy |
Torben Knudsen is a Danish lightweight rower. He won a gold medal at the 1981 World Rowing Championships in Munich with the lightweight men's eight.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Danish male rowers
World Rowing Championships medalists for Denmark
Living people |
Madden NFL 25 is an American football sports video game based on the National Football League and published by EA Sports. It was released for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in August 2013. Instead of numbering it Madden NFL 14 with the year like in previous versions, the "25" in the title refers to the 25th anniversary of the Madden NFL series. The eighth-generation console versions of Madden NFL 25 are the very first games to run on EA Sports's Ignite game engine. However, the seventh generation versions still run on EA's previous game engine, Impact. The seventh-generation versions featured former Detroit Lions running back Barry Sanders on the cover, while the eighth-generation versions featured Minnesota Vikings running back Adrian Peterson, and were released as launch titles for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in November 2013.
Gameplay
In Connected Franchise career mode, players own and manage a National Football League (NFL) team. Players can also move teams to new cities, including international markets like Toronto, Mexico City, Dublin and London, or revive historic teams like the Houston Oilers or the London Monarchs from NFL Europe. It was the first time this happened since Madden NFL 12 for the franchise and team relocation since Madden NFL 09.
Development
The game was announced in early 2013. It was shown in conjunction with EA Sports's Ignite game engine announcement at Microsoft's Xbox One reveal as one of four upcoming games to use the engine. Electronic Arts confirmed the game as an Xbox One and PlayStation 4 launch title at its E3 2013 press conference.
Improvements over the previous Madden titles include upgraded graphics (including for the first time real metallic shine for teams with metallic helmets for the Xbox One and PS4 releases), better real-time physics, new running controls, and a reactive environment, including a playing field that wears out in high-activity areas. The next-gen console versions are better equipped to handle these updates due to their extra processing power. Player-character foot tracking is five times as accurate on the newer consoles. The debuting Ignite game engine tracks all on-field players simultaneously in order to predict path collisions for more realistic impacts. The game can also store more animations to make player movement more realistic. The next-gen versions will also include exclusive features, such as an improvement to pass blocking where increased computer player awareness lets the artificial intelligence change priorities mid-play and double-team players, new to the Madden series. These choices are designed to let the player think more like the quarterback instead of retreating every play to evade the rushing defensive players.
Cover player selection
Hall of Fame running back Barry Sanders, who played for the Detroit Lions from 1989 until 1999, won the contest to be featured on the video game's cover over Adrian Peterson of the Minnesota Vikings, with 58 percent of the vote. Sanders became the first player to appear on the cover of Madden NFL more than once (he appeared in the background of the Madden NFL 2000 cover). Electronic Arts later announced that Peterson would be on the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One game covers, while Sanders will remain on the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 cover.
Release
The game was released on August 27, 2013 for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. It was released as a launch title for the PlayStation 4 on November 15, 2013 and as a launch title for Xbox One on November 22, 2013. An announced Anniversary Edition available only at Amazon.com includes a code for NFL Sunday Ticket access.
Pre-order bonuses
Madden NFL 25 includes multiple pre-order bonuses. If pre-ordered through GameStop the user will receive head coach Bill Walsh and quarterback Joe Montana for Madden Ultimate Team and Connected Franchise and Eddie DeBartolo, Jr. for Connected Franchise. If pre-ordered at Wal-Mart; John Madden, Tom Flores, and Fred Biletnikoff for Madden Ultimate Team and Connected Franchise. Amazon: Rod Woodson and Franco Harris for Madden Ultimate Team and Art Rooney, Sr. for Connected Franchise. At Best Buy: head coach Jimmy Johnson and Troy Aikman for Madden Ultimate Team and Connected Franchise. If ordered from Target: Mike Ditka and William "The Refrigerator" Perry for Madden Ultimate Team and Connected Franchise. And finally, if ordered from Origin: Kurt Warner and Warren Moon for Connected Franchise.
Soundtrack
Madden NFL 25's menu music was once again an original orchestrated score, composed by Christopher Lennertz. The licensed soundtrack only plays in stadiums.
Reception
Madden NFL 25 received mostly positive reviews. Jack Devries of IGN gave the game 8.5/10, praising the improved franchise mode, while criticizing the repetitive touchdown celebrations and glitchy presentation, such as the fictional tweets which say teams "barely won", when the final score is 35-14. Joystiq's Mike Suszek scored the game four stars out of five, commenting on the inconsistency of the running game, as a result of the sensitive collision detection of the Infinity engine. On the contrary, Dustin Toms of Operation Sports praised the running game, primarily due to the addition of the pistol offense; Toms scored the game as 7.5.
Brett Todd of GameSpot criticized the commentary by Jim Nantz and Phil Simms, stating that they "offer nothing but inanities, generic observations about the 'offense' and the 'defense' that rarely refer to players by name, and loads of those obnoxious 'I'll tell you what' tics that make Simms so insufferable." Todd also commented that the passing game is too overpowered, though he praised the "Run Free" addition. Ultimately, the score given by Todd was 6.0. Forbes' Erik Kain also criticized the commentary, stating that the exclusive rights deal between EA and the NFL hindered the amount of improvements to the series. On the positive side, Kain praised the "Run Free" feature, calling it a welcome addition to the franchise. Steven Hansen of Destructoid praised the physics, but noted the possible lack of replay value, calling it "Madden XIII-2" due to it being too similar to Madden NFL 13. GameZone's Lance Liebl gave the PS4 version an 8/10, stating "If you're a football fan and an early owner of one of the next-gen consoles, go out and get Madden NFL 25. There's enough improvements to justify buying it, especially if you do the trade-up program for Xbox One."
Madden NFL 25 for Android and iOS received negative reviews, the iOS version receiving a Metacritic Metascore of 39 based on two mixed and six negative critic reviews. Eric Ford of Touch Arcade gave the game a 1/5 rating, criticizing the game's highly simplified football matches and excessive freemium Pay-to-win elements. Matthew Diener of Pocket Gamer gave the game a 2/5 rating, criticizing sticky and unresponsive controls which "pose more of a challenge than the AI does" and Free-to-play elements.
References
2013 video games
Android (operating system) games
IOS games
Xbox One games
PlayStation 4 games
PlayStation 3 games
Xbox 360 games
Madden NFL
Video games developed in the United States
Video games scored by Christopher Lennertz
Video games set in the United States
EA Tiburon games |
Our Miss Doctor () is a 1940 German comedy film directed by Erich Engel and starring Jenny Jugo, Albert Matterstock and Heinz Salfner. It was shot at the Tempelhof Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art director Karl Haacker and Karl Weber.
Synopsis
A male teacher at a school slowly comes to appreciate one of his female colleagues both as a teacher and a woman.
Cast
Jenny Jugo as Dr. Elisabeth Hansen
Albert Matterstock as Dr. Karl Klinger
Heinz Salfner as Der Direktor
Hans Schwarz Jr. as Turnlehrer Jahnke
Hans Richter as Heinz Müller, Primaner
Gustav Waldau as Schuldiener Nießer
Josefine Dora as Frau Nießner
Hugo Werner-Kahle as Der Schulrat
Werner Pledath as Der Chefarzt der Klinik
Paul Bildt as Ein Universitätsprofessor
Gunnar Möller as Ernst Schultze, Sextaner
Rainer Penkert as Bierlinger, Primaner
Rudolf Reinhard as Hans Vogelsang, Sextaner
Horst Rossius as Fritz Bührle, Sextaner
Bruno Roth as Alfred Zimmermann, Primaner
Helmut Withrich as Wolfgang Schumann, Primaner
Karl Hannemann
Wolfgang Heise
John Pauls-Harding
References
Bibliography
Hake, Sabine. Popular Cinema of the Third Reich. University of Texas Press, 2001.
External links
1940 films
Films of Nazi Germany
German comedy films
1940 comedy films
1940s German-language films
Films directed by Erich Engel
Films about educators
German black-and-white films
1940s German films
Films shot at Tempelhof Studios |
James Wemyss (23 February 1726 – 10 May 1786) was a Scottish naval officer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1763 to 1784.
Early life
Wemyss was born on 23 February 1726. Wemyss was the third and youngest son of James Wemyss, 5th Earl of Wemyss by his wife Janet Charteris. Wemyss was educated in Edinburgh.
His eldest brother, David, Lord Elcho, was attainted in 1746, and his other older brother, Francis, adopted the name Charteris as heir to their maternal grandfather Francis Charteris, a Scottish soldier and adventurer who earned a substantial sum of money through gambling and the South Sea Bubble. Therefore, James was named heir to the Wemyss estates, including Wemyss Castle, by a new entail of 31 July 1750. The 5th Earl of Wemyss died in 1756.
Career
Wemyss served in the British Navy, as a Midshipman R.N. 1741; was promoted to Lieutenant in 1745. However, his progress was slow, and soon after succeeding to the Wemyss estates, his brother Francis wrote to him urging him to quit the navy, establish himself at Wemyss Castle and marry. On 12 January 1757, Lord Temple refused his promotion request and Wemyss resigned his commission. In 1759, his friend, Richard Kempenfelt, wrote to him "The navy should not have neglected you, nor you it. Possessed of every quality to shine conspicuous, why should you shade yourself in peace when your country, when all Europe, is as in a blaze of arms?"
Wemyss was Member of Parliament for Fife from 1763 to 1768 and for Sutherland from 1768 to 1784, when he was succeeded by his son.
Personal life
On 29 August 1757, James Wemyss was married to his half-cousin Lady Elizabeth Sutherland (d. 1803), the only daughter of William Sutherland, 17th Earl of Sutherland by his wife Lady Elizabeth Wemyss, daughter of David Wemyss, 4th Earl of Wemyss. Their children included:
Elizabeth Margaret Wemyss (d. 1800), who married MP Alexander Brodie, son of James Brodie, Sheriff of Elgin.
William Wemyss (1760–1822), a soldier and MP who married Frances Erskine, daughter of Sir William Erskine, 1st Baronet.
James Wemyss (1778–1849), who married Caroline Charlotte Binfield, daughter of Reverend Henry Binfield.
Wemyss died on 10 May 1786. His widow lived nearly another seventeen years until her death on 24 January 1803.
Descendants
Elizabeth Margaret was the mother of Elizabeth Gordon, Duchess of Gordon. Through his son William, he was the grandfather of Frances Wemyss (1794–1858), who married James St Clair-Erskine, 3rd Earl of Rosslyn; Rear-Admiral James Erskine Wemyss (1789–1854); Lieutenant-General William Wemyss (1790–1852); and Clementina Wemyss (1805–1834), who married with James Dewar, Chief Justice of The Supreme Court, Bombay.
References
1726 births
1786 deaths
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Scottish constituencies
Younger sons of earls
British MPs 1761–1768
British MPs 1768–1774
British MPs 1774–1780
British MPs 1780–1784
Royal Navy officers |
Gunnar Jonas Sima (born 31 May 1937 in Hudiksvall, Sweden) is a Swedish filmmaker, journalist, writer and educator.
Biography
Though born in Hudiksvall, Sima grew up in Ljusdal in Gävleborg County. He has continuously served as secretary of the Hälsingland Academy since that cultural group was founded in 1988.
In the autumn of 2006 he stood for election to Parliament on the Social Democratic list in Stockholm, but with the party's popular vote declining to 35 percent, he was not one of the 130 MPs the party elected, and a centre-right coalition government led by the Moderate Party took office.
In recent years he has held positions on the board of the Stockholm City Theatre (1998-2006) and served as secretary of the Kulturarbetarnas socialdemokratiska förening ("Cultural Workers Social Democratic Union", known by its Swedish initials KSF), a left-leaning community of artistic workers centred on Stockholm.
Sima is married to Inger Edvardsson, an executive with the Swedish Film Institute; they have two adult daughters.
Writing- and film-related activities
Sima was connected with the Swedish tabloid newspaper Expressen as a film critic for 11 years, followed by 22 years as a reporter. During the last two years before leaving the paper in 2000 he chronicled personal interviews for the tabloid's back page. He currently works as a freelance reviewer of movies and books, as well as a journalist and lecturer for the Arbetarnas bildningsförbund ("Workers Educational Association", known as ABF). He writes for movie magazines, political magazines and other publications, and regularly contributes columns for smaller Hälsingland newspapers, including Hudiksvalls Tidning, Ljusdals-Posten, Ljusnan and Söderhamns Kuriren.
Jonas Sima has coauthored more than 20 books, including the internationally acclaimed interview book Bergman on Bergman (1970, English translation 1993, ). He is one of the contributors to Murvelminnen: 46 journaliter berättar ("Reporting memories: 46 journalists' accounts", 2012) and has written three children's books about his Blåsjöbarna characters ("Blue Lake children", 1974–77).
He served as editor of three anthologies on the Hälsingland region, in one book writing about the influence of Nazi ideology in his homeland. Another work, Kalas-Praktika (2009), describes how to prepare sculpin soup. Another anthology, Citizen Schein (2010), has the theme of mastery of conflict and is devoted to Harry Schein (1924-2006), a writer and film critic for Dagens Nyheter who was instrumental in placing the Swedish film industry on a sound financial footing.
Jonas Sima has produced some 60 documentary films and two feature films, most shown on Swedish television. Recent productions include Filmaren i Storskogen (2009); Inget jävla joll! (2010); and Lisbet (2011), a conversation with Lisbet Palme, widow of assassinated Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme and now a spokesperson for UNICEF and a member of the OAU team which investigated the Rwandan genocide of 1994.
Filmography
2011: Lisbet
2004: Storsamlaren på Hillsta
2003: Solo
2002: Kalle Kamrat
1996: Vildhussen
1993: Dragspelskungen
1991: Putte à la clarinette and Putte på Stampen
1990: Ljuset i dalen
1988: De sista skidåkarna
1984: På tur med Tor
1983: Åke Hasselgård Story and Pipmäster
1980: Barna från Blåsjöfjället
1976: Hej Amerika, lyssna!
1974: Drömmål
1973: Cosmic Love and Döden tänkte jag mig inte så
1972: Oh, mein Poppe! and Revolutionen i Sveg
1971: Älgjakten and En filmförfattare
1970: Röde skräddarn and Välkommen till Grekland
1969: Matchen
1968: Porträtt av Per and Tage
1967: Kajsa
1965: Den våta stenen
1962: Dragarbrunn
Notes
External links
Sveriges Släktforskarförbund (Federation of Swedish Genealogical Societies)
People from Ljusdal Municipality
Swedish film directors
Swedish journalists
Swedish male writers
1937 births
Living people
Swedish children's writers |
The 3rd Continental Light Dragoons, also known as Baylor's Horse or Lady Washington's Horse, was a mounted regiment of the Continental Army raised on January 1, 1777, at Morristown, New Jersey. The regiment saw action at the Battle of Brandywine, Battle of Germantown and the Battle of Guilford Court House.
The regiment was surprised on the night of September 27, 1778, while sleeping in barns near Old Tappan, New Jersey, in close proximity to British positions. Referred to by the Continentals as the "Baylor Massacre", at least 67 men were made casualties and 70 horses killed. Among the captured was the regimental commander, Lt. Col. George Baylor, who was replaced on November 20, 1778, by Lt. Col. William Washington, transferred from the 4th Continental Light Dragoons. In 1779, while recruiting and remounting, the regiment rescued James Wilson during the "Fort Wilson Riot". The 3rd CLD was posted to the Southern department on November 1, 1779.
Losses of 15 killed, 17 wounded, and 100 men captured along with 83 horses in a night attack by British Lt. Col. Banastre Tarleton on April 14, 1780, led to the unofficial amalgamation of the regiment with the 1st Continental Light Dragoons, commonly known as the "1st and 3rd Light Dragoons" as Washington deferred to his friend and senior, Lt. Col. Anthony White, whom he had served under in the 4th CLD. Washington resumed command of the unit on May 6, 1780, when it was attacked on the Santee River and White captured.
In the 1781 campaign, Washington and his men distinguished themselves in mounted charges at the Battle of Cowpens in January, the Battle of Guilford Court House in March, and the Battle of Eutaw Springs in September. At Eutaw Springs Washington was pinned under his fallen mount, bayoneted, and captured. Captain William Parsons, the senior surviving officer, commanded the corps until Lt-Col. Baylor was exchanged in June 1782 and resumed command. When the companies of the 4th CLD were parceled out during the siege of Yorktown, the 1st and 3rd accepted its few remaining mounted troopers.
The regiment was officially merged into the 1st Legionary Corps on November 2, 1782, with the consolidated unit of five troops designated the 1st Legionary Corps.
A member of the 3rd Continental Dragoons was Maryland Congressman Philip Stuart.
References
2. "Dragoon Diary: The History of the Third Continental Light Dragoons" C.F.William Maurer, Authorhouse, 2005.
3. "Commander in Chief's Guard: Revolutionary War" Carlos E. Godfrey, M.D., Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc. 1972
4. "The Patriots at the Cowpens" Bobby Gilmer Moss, Scotia Press, 1985
External links
3rd Continental Light Dragoon Reenactment Group
3rd CLD Veteran {reference only}
Bibliography of Continental Army Dragoons compiled by the United States Army Center of Military History
Military units and formations of the Continental Army
Dragoons
Light Dragoons |
Neil Spencer Leeks (born 10 September 1959) is a British former motorcycle speedway rider who rode for Mildenhall Fen Tigers and Leicester Lions.
Born in Ipswich, Leeks made his debut in the National League for Mildenhall in 1976. In 1977 he established himself as a regular member of the Mildenhall Team and the following season also rode in the British League on loan to Leicester Lions, where he averaged just over three points from six matches. Leeks represented England at National League level in 1977 against Australasia, scoring ten points in the fifth Test at Mildenhall. Injury hampered his riding and he retired at the end of the 1978 season.
References
1959 births
Living people
British speedway riders
English motorcycle racers
Sportspeople from Ipswich
Mildenhall Fen Tigers riders
Leicester Lions riders |
The following highways are numbered 401:
Canada
British Columbia Highway 401 (former)
Manitoba Provincial Road 401
Ontario Highway 401
Costa Rica
National Route 401
Japan
Japan National Route 401
Norway
Norwegian County Road 401
Thailand
Thailand Route 401
United States
U.S. Route 401
Florida:
Florida State Road 401
County Road 401 (Brevard County, Florida)
Georgia State Route 401 (unsigned designation for Interstate 75)
Kentucky Route 401
Nevada State Route 401
New York:
New York State Route 401 (former)
County Route 401 (Albany County, New York)
North Carolina Highway 401 (former)
Pennsylvania Route 401
Pennsylvania Route 401 Alternate Truck
Puerto Rico Highway 401
Rhode Island Route 401
Virginia State Route 401
Washington State Route 401 |
Henry Arnold Beitzel (27 May 1897 – 6 November 1982) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the St Kilda Football Club and Fitzroy Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
In July 1915, Beitzel enlisted to serve in World War I, having his right thumb amputated while fighting in North Africa and later fighting in France. He also served in World War II.
Arnold's son, Harry Beitzel was the umpire in charge of the 1955 VFL Grand Final.
Notes
External links
1897 births
1982 deaths
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
St Kilda Football Club players
Fitzroy Football Club players
Shepparton Football Club players
Australian military personnel of World War I
Australian Army personnel of World War II
Australian Army officers
People from Cardinia
Military personnel from Victoria (state) |
St. Marks River State Park which opened in 2007, is the 161st Florida State Park, located about 10 miles east of Tallahassee, south of U.S. Highway 27. The park's 2,589 acres occupy parts of Jefferson and Leon counties and act as a buffer from development for the St. Marks River.
References
External links
St. Marks River Preserve State Park at Florida State Parks
St. Marks River State Park
St. Marks River State Park
Parks in Leon County, Florida
Parks in Jefferson County, Florida
State parks of Florida
Protected areas established in 2007
2007 establishments in Florida |
Ron Meyers (born 1934) is an American studio potter and ceramics teacher known for producing functional pottery featuring animal and human forms. His work is featured in numerous museums and notable collections, including the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the Georgia Museum of Art, and the Rosenfield Collection, and he has presented more than 100 workshops in the US and internationally. He has been described as "one of his generation's most important potters" and "an icon of the American ceramics community."
Biography
Early life and education
Meyers was born in Buffalo, NY, in 1934. His family cottage along Lake Erie in Irving, NY, would later become the site of his summer studio, and he credits his comfort there to his childhood connection. "All the family ghosts are there. It's a blue collar area. I just feel real comfortable there. It's just a nice place to be - I remember my past there and I want to stay connected with it."
Meyers' parents encouraged him to pursue the arts after seeing a poster he drew in middle school. As noted in a 2016 exhibition at Auburn University, "When continuing on to high school he enrolled in the art program and discovered a love for comic books. It was not so much their stories, but rather the stark black-and-white drawings of femmes fatales in comics like Terry and the Pirates and Steven Canyon that captured his attention."
Meyers earned his Bachelor of Science (1956) and Master's degree (1961) in Art Education from the State University College at Buffalo, followed by his MFA in Ceramics (1967) from the School for American Craftsmen at the Rochester Institute of Technology where he studied under noted potter Frans Wildenhain. Wildenhain and Hobart Cowles served as advisors for his MFA thesis, "Ceramic hibachis and serving dishes".
Teaching career
Before teaching ceramics at Rochester Institute of Technology, he taught art at Gowanda Central School District in Gowanda New York. He taught ceramics at the University of South Carolina from 1967-1972, and then at the University of Georgia from 1972 until his retirement in 1992. He remains an emeritus faculty member of the Lamar Dodd School of Art at the University of Georgia. In 2019, the Lamar Dodd school launched a student support fund to raise the necessary capital to endow the Ron Meyers Graduate Award in Ceramics, which will be awarded annually in honor of Meyers' legacy.
Post-Retirement
In 1995, the Museum of Arts and Sciences in Macon, Georgia, hosted a retrospective show titled "Ron Meyers: Thirty Years", featuring 75 works. In 2008, the Northern Clay Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota, inducted him as a Regis Master, which seeks to honor "senior artists who have had a major impact on the development of 20th and 21st century ceramics." Past recipients include Don Reitz, Val Cushing, Nino Caruso, Gutte Eriksen, and Paul Soldner, and Meyers later said he was "awestruck" at the honor as he was a C student most of his life. That same year, he was awarded the Excellence in Teaching Award by the National Council on Education for the Ceramic Arts.
In 2013, the Arkansas Arts Center hosted "Ron Meyers: A Potter's Menagerie", billed as "the first comprehensive exhibition of the artist's work", featuring "more than one hundred ceramics in a variety of forms." Also in 2013, fellow potter and former student George McCauley released a film about Ron's work titled "Ron Meyers and the Usual Suspects," which screened at numerous locations including the Mobile Museum of Art. The 'usual suspects' in the film's title refer to the animals that recur frequently in Meyers', including pigs, rabbits, rats, fish, cats, etc.
Work
Meyers is known for his functional pottery, including plates, cups, bowls, vases, teapots, and other usable forms. His primary work is wheel-thrown, though he also has a body of sculptural work including candlesticks and masks, as well as drawings. His earlier works were primarily in stoneware before switching to low-fire earthenware in the late 1970s-1980s. In the mid-1990s, Meyers expanded his work to include low-fired, salt-glazed pieces, about which he said, "I needed a vehicle to reduce the color and instill a pure sense of form."
He is noted for the "spontaneous and gestural" but "casual and relaxing manner" of his work and the colored slip paintings they incorporated. The slip paintings on his vessels can be seen as "funny, pointed, provocative and/or confrontational." Notably, the vast majority of his work is unsigned.
His main studio is outside his home in Athens, Georgia, and includes an anagama kiln. He built his summer studio behind his family cottage in Irving, NY.
Influences
Meyers' cited influences begin with his childhood interest in cartoons, and his later interest in Japanese Shino ware and English slipware of the 16th through 18th centuries. He noted a memorable encounter with a 16th century Japanese Shino water ewer at the Royal Ontario Museum of Arts, saying "it had a crooked spout, finger marks, a drippy, grazing glaze, a handle slightly askew...It seemed to revel in its blemishes and technical faults. It was the spirit or approach...that I was after." Likewise, he noted that English slipware had a "playfulness and sense of humor...these pieces had a naive quality, lack of pretense, no-guilt approach...it was this attitude...that I wished to adopt." Others have noted influences including Pablo Picasso, Marc Chagall, Bernard Leach, and Shoji Hamada.
Relationships
Meyers studied under Frans Wildenhain at the Rochester Institute of Technology. He later said, "What I was to really learn from Frans was the type of commitment and passion that it took to be an artist. Frans' whole life revolved around his work, and it was inspiring to see how his work and environment reflected his awareness and concern for nature and life itself." Meyers noted that Wildenhain expressed "subtle disapproval" for his choice to base a thesis on ceramic hibachis and serving dishes, noting "To say that Frans was delighted by my choice would definitely be a gross exaggeration."
Meyers is also a long-time friend of noted potter Chuck Hindes, and the two have presented numerous workshops and been featured in gallery shows together.
Collections
Meyers' work is found in numerous museums and notable collections, including:
Georgia Museum of Art
John W. Bardo Fine and Performing Arts Center at Western Carolina University
Rosenfield Collection
Smithsonian American Art Museum
References
1934 births
Living people
American ceramists
20th-century American artists
21st-century American artists
Artists from Buffalo, New York |
Thomas Lawrence Knight (born 22 January 1993), usually credited as Tommy Knight, is an English actor best known for playing Luke Smith in The Sarah Jane Adventures and Doctor Who, Kevin Chalk in the original run of Waterloo Road, Cal Bray in Glue and Archibald Brodie in Victoria.
Early and personal life
Born in Chatham, Kent, Knight is the middle of five siblings, all of whom act. He attended Delce Junior School in Rochester from year 4 onwards and formerly attended the Sir Joseph Williamson's Mathematical School.
Knight was in a relationship with Waterloo Road co-star Abby Mavers from 2012 to 2017.
Career
Knight started in West End Theatre with Deborah Warner's production of Euripides' Medea, (Queens Theatre, 2001), and has since appeared in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, (London Palladium, 2002), The Snowman, (Peacock Theatre, 2003), The Full Monty, (UK National Tour, 2004) and the Royal Shakespeare Company's Macbeth (Albery Theatre, 2005).
Additional television performances include roles in TV to Go, (BBC, 2002), Casualty, (BBC, 2005, 2007 and 2015), The Impressionists, (BBC, 2006), Sorted, (BBC, 2006), Doctors (BBC, 2006), and The Bill (Talkback Thames, 2006 and 2009), and Myths (BBC, 2008).
Knight is best known for playing Luke Smith, adoptive son of Sarah Jane Smith, in the first three series of The Sarah Jane Adventures (2007, 2008, 2009) and in the 2008 Doctor Who episodes "The Stolen Earth" and "Journey's End". He was featured in the second part of "The End of Time", the two-part 2009 Doctor Who Christmas specials. He was written out as a regular on The Sarah Jane Adventures in the first serial of the fourth series in 2010, when Luke drives off to Oxford University, however he continued to make semi-regular appearances in the show up to the end of the fifth and final series, usually via webcam from his dorm room. His final appearance was in the show's final episode, "The Man Who Never Was".
He also featured in a CEOP e-Safety Video "Tom's Story", which can be watched on YouTube. Knight featured in a darker role in a 2012 independent UK horror film, A Suburban Fairytale, in which he acted alongside real life sister Yohanna Farrel in an incestuous and murderous role. He joined Waterloo Road in 2012, first appearing in episode 8 of series 8 playing Kevin Skelton. His notable storylines included being adopted by teacher Daniel Chalk (and thus changing his name to Kevin Chalk), his relationship with Dynasty Barry, having an affair with a teaching assistant and most recently suffering a stroke before a university interview. He left Waterloo Road in Series 10 Episode 12.
In 2014, he appeared as murder victim Cal in the E4 drama series Glue. He later played Hall Boy Brodie in Victoria, a period drama starring Waterloo Road and Doctor Who alumnus Jenna Coleman.
In an interview with Knight in Doctor Who Magazine issue 588, published in March 2023, Knight says he no longer acts and is now a computer coder, offering tech support as well; however, this is disputed by Knight's own LinkedIn page, crediting him as still acting.
List of credits
Advertisements
Television
Film
Online
Theatre
Radio/Audio
References
External links
Tommy Knight Profile
1993 births
English male film actors
English male child actors
English male television actors
Living people
People from Chatham, Kent
People educated at Sir Joseph Williamson's Mathematical School
Male actors from Kent
21st-century English male actors
English male stage actors |
Tatjana Cameron (, ; born on 1 July 1970), known professionally as Tajči ( , ), is a Croatian singer, television show host, published author and blogger, who now lives in the United States.
Career
As a pop star in the former Yugoslavia in the late 1980s and early 1990s, Tajči won the national selection of RTV Zagreb, SR Croatia and represented Yugoslavia at the Eurovision Song Contest 1990. The contest was held in Zagreb and she sang the song "Hajde da ludujemo" ("Let's go crazy"). Her Yugoslav music career was cut short by the breakup of Yugoslavia and the subsequent war.
She left Croatia in 1992 and a year later graduated from the American Musical and Dramatic Academy in New York. She appeared in numerous off Broadway productions and landed a lead role in "Miracle of Christmas" a mega-production at Sight and Sound Theatre, Lancaster, Pennsylvania. During her time in New York, she was signed by Camile Barbone and produced the "Age of Love" CD recorded at Long View Farms Studio.
In 1994, she returned to Croatia and starred in a production of Kiss Me Kate by Croatian National Theatre, Rijeka. She moved to Los Angeles in 1997 seeking to expand her performing skills through television and film. She continued her musical theater career with roles in Brigadoon produced by Starlight Theatre in San Diego and The Phantom of the Opera at the San Gabriel Mission Playhouse. In 1997-98, she produced a series of benefit concerts at the Sacred Heart Retreat House in Alhambra, California, where she met Matthew Cameron, whom she married in 1999. She ended up performing music in Roman Catholic churches while auditioning for roles, some of which she rejected because they required nudity.
In late 2004, she and her family relocated to Cincinnati, Ohio, a more central location for her heavy touring schedule with concerts. In 2011, Yamaha Entertainment Group produced a remake of her mega-hit from the 1990s "Dvije zvjezdice". She released an indie pop album Awaken in 2013 on which she collaborated with Bryan Lennox, a Grammy Award-winning producer. Tajči wrote a full-length musical, My Perfectly Beautiful Life, which was produced by Cincinnati Playwright Initiative at the Jarson-Kaplan Theatre in February 2010.
Tajci, her husband and their three children relocated to Franklin, Tennessee in 2014, the same year she started producing and hosting TV show "Waking Up in America" and in 2015 founded "Waking Up Revolution", a multi platform brand. She is also a certified Holistic Life Coach through Radiant Health Institute, certified as 65 hours of Approved Coach Specific Training Hours by the International Coach Federation.
Personal life
Tajči married Matthew Cameron, whom she met in church, in 1999. The couple have three sons, all raised in the Roman Catholic faith.
She lost her husband Matthew to Stage 4 non smokers' lung cancer in 2017.
Her sister is Croatian-American actress and singer Sanja Matejaš, known as Sanya Mateyas.
Discography
Hajde Da Ludujemo (1990)
Bube u glavi (1991)
All american (1991)
VHS Bube u glavi (1991)
The best of Tajči (1992)
Taichi Eqinocij (1997)
Struggles & Graces (1997)
Now and Forever (2000)
Emmanuel – The Story of Christmas (2002)
Let It Be – Mary's Story (2003)
I Thirst (2004)
Zlatna kolekcija (2004)
A Chance to Dream (2006)
Need A Break (2008)
The love collection (2011)
God bless America (2010)
Dell'aurora tu sorgi piu bella (2011)
AWAKEN (2014)
References
External links
Cincinnati Enquirer: From pop stardom to an inner light
"Nisam požalila prekid karijere"
Official Site
WakingUpRevolution Site
iDoBelieve.com
1970 births
Living people
Croatian pop singers
Croatian Roman Catholics
20th-century Croatian women singers
Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Yugoslavia
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 1990
Croatian emigrants to the United States
Musicians from Zagreb
21st-century Croatian women singers
Yugoslav women singers |
Alan "Doc" Ackerman Beetle (8 June 1913 in Princeton, New Jersey – 27 March 2003 in Riverton, Wyoming) was an American agrostologist and botanist. He was a professor of the University of Wyoming College of Agriculture in Laramie.
Beetle adopted both surnames of his parents (Ralph Dennison Beetle and Helen Maria Ackerman). He was married to botanist and malacologist Dorothy Erna, née Schoof (1918–2005), from whom he was divorced in 1963. They had two children, Howie and Karen. They also adopted a third child, John.
Beetle collected plant specimens with his wife and many other botanists, and is best known for his work with grasses. The Alan A. Beetle Herbarium, a collection of his grass specimens numbering in excess of 10,000, is located at the Department of Rangeland Ecology and Watershed Management at UW. In addition to grasses, Beetle worked together with another botanist in revising the genus Artemisia
References
American botanists
University of Wyoming faculty
1913 births
2003 deaths |
Selles-sur-Nahon () is a commune in the Indre department in central France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Indre department
References
Communes of Indre |
The Hom Strom ( ; meaning "the Straw-Man") is a pre-Christian tradition carried out yearly on the first Saturday of February in Scuol, the main inhabited center of the Lower Engadin, Graubünden, Switzerland.
The event
This tradition takes place every first Saturday of February. In the morning young people from the village gather a whole bunch of straw taken from local farms in order to build a big straw man in the town square. In days gone by the four areas of town would each build their own Hom Strom and guard it against kids form the other areas of town in order to avoid that the latter would set their Hom Strom on fire before the beginning of the main event.
In the afternoon the Hom Strom gets carried to Gurlaina (an uninhabited area of the town). In the evening, after darkness setting, usually at around 8:00 pm, the Hom Strom gets set on fire: his burning at the stake symbolizes the approaching end of Winter and gets accompanied by locals singing traditional songs.
At the end of the burning ceremony attending locals sing the fourth stanza of the song Hom Strom written in the 1950s by Men Rauch, born and raised in Scuol, where a Christian adaptation is easily recognizable:
Similar events
A similar tradition is carried out every year at the end of January in the neighboring Brianza, Lombardy: , in which people in small towns get together at the end of January in order to burn at the stake a man made of straw that represents the winter season.
References
External links
The Tradition of L'hom strom at graubuenden.ch (in German)
Scuol
Culture of Graubünden |
The 2010 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup was the 97th edition of the USSF's annual national soccer championship, running from June through early October.
The tournament proper featured teams from the top five levels of the American Soccer Pyramid. These five levels, namely Major League Soccer, the USSF D-2 Pro League, the United Soccer Leagues (Second Division and Premier Development League), and the United States Adult Soccer Association, each have their own separate qualification process to trim their ranks down to their final eight team delegations in the months leading up to the start of the tournament proper. The eight MLS clubs received byes into the third round, while the remaining 32 teams played in the first two rounds, with brackets influenced by geography.
The final took place on October 5, with Seattle Sounders FC defeating the Columbus Crew 2–1 at Qwest Field in Seattle, WA, in front of a U.S. Open Cup record crowd of 31,311. The Sounders became the first MLS team (and first team in 27 years) to win back-to-back Open Cups.
Matchdays
Participating teams
The tournament consisted of 40 teams. Eight teams each from the MLS, PDL, and USASA qualified according to their own procedures. All 15 American D-2 Pro league and USL Second Division teams qualified. The final slot went to the winner of a one-game playoff between the Sonoma County Sol and PSA Los Gatos Storm.
Major League Soccer (8 teams)
Chicago Fire
Chivas USA
Columbus Crew
Houston Dynamo
Los Angeles Galaxy
Seattle Sounders FC
New York Red Bulls
D.C. United
USSF D-2 Pro League (9 teams)
Austin Aztex FC
Carolina RailHawks FC
Crystal Palace Baltimore
Miami FC
NSC Minnesota Stars
Portland Timbers
Rochester Rhinos
AC St. Louis
FC Tampa Bay
USL Second Division (6 teams)
Charleston Battery
Charlotte Eagles
Harrisburg City Islanders
Pittsburgh Riverhounds
Real Maryland Monarchs
Richmond Kickers
Premier Development League (8 teams)
Kitsap Pumas
Reading United
Ventura County Fusion
Long Island Rough Riders
Dayton Dutch Lions
Des Moines Menace
DFW Tornados
Central Florida Kraze
United States Adult Soccer Association (9 teams)
Brooklyn Italians
New York Pancyprian-Freedoms
KC Athletics
Detroit United
CASL Elite
Legends FC
Arizona Sahuaros (NPSL)
Bay Area Ambassadors (NPSL)
Sonoma County Sol (NPSL)
Open Cup bracket
Match pairings were determined by a blind draw. The Second round winners advanced to play one of eight MLS clubs in 16-team knockout tournament.
Home teams listed on top of bracket
Schedule
Note: Scorelines use the standard U.S. convention of placing the home team on the right-hand side of box scores.
First round
Second round
Third round
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Final
Goal scorers
5 goals
Paulo Araujo Jr. (MIA)
Nate Jaqua (SEA)
4 goals
Bright Dike (POR)
3 goals
Perica Marošević (AUS)
2 goals
Mike Ambersley (STL)
Geoff Bloes (HAR)
Justin Braun (CHV)
Phil Da Silva (BAY)
Matthew Delicâte (RIC)
John Fishbaugher (KIT)
Andy Iro (CLB)
Thabiso Khumalo (DC)
Steven Lenhart (CLB)
Sanna Nyassi (SEA)
Dominic Oppong (HAR)
Jesús Padilla (CHV)
Tyler Rosenlund (ROC)
Warren Ukah (MIN)
Jamie Watson (AUS)
1 goal
Kwame Adjeman-Pamboe (TB)
Guillermo Barros Schelotto (CLB)
Simone Bracalello (MIN)
Branko Bošković (DC)
Sallieu Bundu (CAR)
1 goal (continued)
Kevin Burns (CLB)
Chad Burt (TB)
Robby Christner (KIT)
Levi Coleman (CHS)
Kevin Cornwall (AZ)
Nick DeLeon (AZ)
Yendry Diaz (TB)
Bobby Foglesong (RIC)
Jamie Franks (ROC)
Eddie Gaven (CLB)
Adam Gazda (PIT)
Christian Gómez (MIA)
Alex Grendi (LI)
Marco Hamilton (BRK)
Tommy Heinemann (CHS)
Pablo Hernández (DC)
Neil Hlavaty (MIN)
Stephen Hoffman (KC)
Taylor Hyde (KIT)
Nate Jafta (HAR)
Ousman Jagne (VEN)
Juninho (LA)
Aaron King (TB)
Chris Klein (LA)
Danny Kramer (LI)
Michael Lahoud (CHV)
James Marcelin (POR)
Brandon Massie (CHS)
Pierre-Rudolph Mayard (CHS)
Tim Merritt (CAS)
1 goal (continued)
Josiah Millar (CF)
Fredy Montero (SEA)
Jaime Moreno (DC)
Alex Nimo (POR)
Paul Nittoli (BRK)
J.T. Noone (HAR)
Jyler Noviello (RMM)
Tino Nuñez (ROC)
Dominic Oduro (HOU)
Lovel Palmer (HOU)
Nicki Paterson (RMM)
Kyle Perkins (KC)
Stephen Phillips (KIT)
Aaron Pitchkolan (ROC)
Zach Prince (CHS)
Santino Quaranta (DC)
Emilio Rentería (CLB)
Alan Sanchez (RMM)
Eric Schoenle (REA)
Greg Shields (CAR)
Ross Smith (POR)
Darren Spicer (ROC)
Takayuki Suzuki (POR)
Dustin Swinehart (CAS)
Abe Thompson (MIA)
Alex Weekes (PIT)
Yomby William (RIC)
Joey Worthen (AUS)
External links
TheCup.us 2010 match reports and results
References
2010
2010 in American soccer
2011–12 CONCACAF Champions League |
was a Japanese woodblock printmaker and artist known for distinctive prints of owls, cats, and other animals in the style of naive or folk art.
Akiyama was born in 1921 in Takeda, Ōita Prefecture, on the island of Kyushu. He studied drawing under the direction of a Buddhist monk during his childhood, then at the Taiheiyo Bijutsu Gakkō, graduating 1956. He originally pursued suiboku-ga, a type of ink painting. However, Akiyama changed his focus to woodblock printing after meeting Shikō Munakata, under whom he studied from 1959 until 1965.
Akiyama's prints are primarily made in black ink, and early ones contained a single red dot within the image, although later works sometimes feature more colors. In his prints, Akiyama limited himself to few subjects: animals, nude female figures, Buddhist deities and Buddhist monks. Akiyama's work often incorporated verses of haiku and other text by Japanese poets like Ryōkan Taigu, Kobayashi Issa, and Zen monk Santōka Taneda, as well as from his own original poetry.
Iwao Akiyama died in Matsudo, Chiba, on September 15, 2014, at the age of 93.
Collections
Examples of Akiyama's prints are currently held within the collections of the following institutions:
British Museum
Cincinnati Art Museum
National Gallery of Victoria
National Museum of Scotland
Tikotin Museum of Japanese Art
The U.S. Library of Congress
See also
Woodblock printing in Japan
References
1921 births
2014 deaths
Japanese printmakers
Japanese male painters
People from Ōita Prefecture |
Parashmoni is a 1988 Bengali film directed by Tarun Majumder. It was his second movie in 1988 starring Tapas Paul, Satabdi Roy and Santu Mukhopadhyay on the lead.
References
External links
Bengali-language Indian films
Films directed by Tarun Majumdar
1988 films
1980s Bengali-language films |
Joaquín Luis Romero Marchent (26 August 1921 – 16 August 2012) was a Spanish screenwriter and film director. He directed several Spaghetti Westerns during the 1960s.
He died on 16 August 2012 at the age of 91 in Madrid.
Filmography
References
Bibliography
de España, Rafael. Directory of Spanish and Portuguese film-makers and films. Greenwood Press, 1994.
External links
1921 births
2012 deaths
Spanish film directors
Spanish screenwriters
Film directors from Madrid
Film producers from Madrid |
Sneakers, released in Japan as , is a video game developed by Media.Vision and published by Microsoft Game Studios exclusively for the Xbox in 2002. Sneakers is an action-puzzle game in which the player leads a group of mice to explore a house and its surroundings to detect enemy rats and protect their group in beat 'em up fights. Marketed as making use of 'fur shading' graphics, the design of the mice in Sneakers was intended to showcase the technical capabilities of the Xbox. The game was developed as one of two Japan-exclusive launch titles for the Xbox, and was later released in North America in an exclusive distribution with Toys R Us retail stores. Upon release in Japan, Nezmix sold poorly, with critics attributing the release to contributing to the poor launch of the console in the country. The North American version of Sneakers received generally unfavorable reviews, with criticism directed at the game's linear and repetitive gameplay.
Gameplay
In Sneakers, the player leads a group of mice to locate and battle with four squads of enemies in a stage. Gameplay in Sneakers takes place across two phases. In the 'search phase', the player moves in a linear direction around various areas to hunt for enemies within a time limit. Players are able to choose a direction at certain points where their path splits, and can climb and jump across certain gaps. Navigation is assisted by the game's stage map, which allows players to identify visited and unvisited areas and the location and number of enemy squads. When the player identifies an enemy scout is nearby, the player can press a button to enter the 'check mode' to move a cursor with the thumbstick to select a scout or interact with items a scout is hiding in to reveal them. The player may encounter obstacles that prevent them from moving, requiring them to interact with items or solve puzzles to progress.
Once the player has located all the scouts from an enemy squad in an area, the player can navigate to a battlefield area to enter the 'battle phase'. In this phase, the player leads a squad of mice to defeat the enemy squad in beat 'em up combat, using a series of skills including punches, kicks and blocks. Players have a limited amount of lives and health that can be replenished by food. Players can issue commands to friendly mice using 'command mode' to task them to collect food or other items. When a player defeats the squad in a stage, they then face a boss. Upon completing the stage, the player receives a 'stage grade' for their performance from A to E, with factors such as the time limit, number of enemies defeated, items collected and surviving friendly mice influencing the grade.
Plot
In Sneakers, the player takes on the role of a mouse named Apollo, a mouse living in the attic of a small house on a river in Paris. Apollo and his friends, Bonnie, Brutus, Watt, Pete and Tiki are planning a celebration alongside the humans living in the house, who are having a party in a local park. After collecting scraps of food for the festivities, the mice discover that the local rats have stolen their food. Unlike the mice, the rats are hostile and unfriendly. Bosses of rats have organised and amassed the other rats, known as bully rats, into packs. In the midst of the chaos, Bonnie discovers that her brother Tiki is missing, and disappears to search for her. Aided by his friends, the player's goal is to find and eliminate the squads rats across five levels, spanning a house, alley, park, cellar and bridge, and rescue the missing mice.
Development and release
Sneakers, initially released in Japan as Nezmix, was developed by Japanese studio Media Vision, who had previously released titles under the Wild Arms and Crime Crackers series of video games. The developers originally conceived the game to depict a cartoon or picture book theme, but pursued experimentation with a realistic visual style after attending a demonstration of 'fur shading' techniques at SIGGRAPH, and intended to showcase the graphical capabilities of the Xbox. Nezmix was announced at the Tokyo Game Show in October 2001 in anticipation of the Japanese launch of the Xbox.
The game was published by Microsoft Game Studios as a launch title for the console, at the time being one of two releases exclusive to Japan alongside Nobunaga's Ambition: Chronicles of Turbulent Times. Upon its initial release in Japan, Nezmix performed poorly, selling over 8,000 units at launch. Critics noted that the commercial failure of the game was reflective of the poor performance of the launch of the Xbox in Japan. Describing the launch as a "disappointment", Game Developer Magazine noted that "none of the games designed specifically for Japanese gamers, such as Sneakers, have made a big impact. Edge attributed the dismal launch to the decision by Microsoft to select Sneakers as a launch title over the more successful Halo: Combat Evolved, citing the game's failure as due to its "lacklustre animation" and departure from the kawaii design preferred by Japanese audiences.
Microsoft Game Studios announced that Nezmix would be released as Sneakers in North America, and showcased the game at E3 in May 2002. Pre-release reception of the game was mixed. IGN described the game's demo as "wretchedly boring" and "animated poorly", writing the game "doesn't even attempt to flex the Xbox muscle." In a more positive preview, GameSpot praised the title as a "nice-looking game" due to its fur rendering system and "exquisite" environmental textures, although hoped future development would "transcend the limitations placed on it by the lack of wholly free movement". Sneakers was released in North America as an exclusive distribution deal with Toys R Us stores, with the method of distribution viewed as an ominous portent of the game's quality. Xbox Magazine described the game as a "risky release" and noted that "the fact Microsoft was cautious about releasing this over here warrants some concern." Similarly, Electronic Gaming Monthly remarked "if you were Microsoft, would you release a game you thought was any good to one chain of stores? Didn't think so."
Reception
The game received "generally unfavorable" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. Many critics noted the game's easy and simplistic mechanics and limited variety. GameSpot reflected that the modes of gameplay were "neither challenging or compelling", with the game "beaten in two hours or less". Xbox Nation wrote "the specific challenges...are easy enough to accomplish; individual rats can be targeted and dispatched simply by shifting to a first-person view, putting a cursor over the foe and pressing a button". Describing the game as "limited and simplistic", Allgame noted that the "objectives remain the same in each of the five areas".
Several reviewers also critiqued the game's linearity and limited level of exploration and interaction. Describing the gameplay as "an interesting concept but limited in practice", Official Xbox Magazine found the game's movement to be "restrictive in exploration" due to the game's "rigid track". Edge noted the game contained "no freedom", writing that whilst "junctions afford a choice of route...the implied non-linearity is utterly superficial" due to the requirement to explore all areas. Finding the game to be "poorly designed" and "irritating", Allgame wrote that the game's navigation was "confusing to the point where players are in relation to the door leading to the next room", noting that "interacting with the environment is non-existent".
Reviewers also expressed disappointment in the game's graphics and touted use of 'fur shading'. IGN described the shading as "a poor example of what (the) Xbox can do visually" and critiqued the game's low frame rate. GameSpot remarked that the shading "looks cheap and inconsistent, and draws attention to the simplicity of the character models". Allgame critiqued the game's animations, writing that "walking is funny looking, as each rodent moves with approximately two frames of animation." However, GameSpy praised the game's "clear and colourful" environments and found the fur shading to make the mice "fuzzy and pet-able". Xbox Nation found the game's puzzles to be "not so puzzling" and "add little depth to an otherwise very shallow children's game."
References
External links
2002 video games
Media.Vision games
Microsoft games
Puzzle video games
Video games about mice and rats
Video games developed in Japan
Xbox games
Xbox-only games
Single-player video games |
94 Ceti b or 94 Ceti Ab to distinguish it from the distant red dwarf companion, is an extrasolar planet orbiting its star once every 1.2 years. It was discovered on August 7, 2000 by a team led by Michel Mayor.
It is most stable if its inclination is about 65 or 115, yielding a mass of about 1.85 that of Jupiter.
See also
Iota Horologii b
79 Ceti b
94 Ceti
References
External links
Cetus
Exoplanets discovered in 2000
Exoplanets detected by radial velocity |
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