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Luch (The Ray) was a Menshevik legal daily newspaper in Russia, published in St. Petersburg from 1912 to July 1913. In all, 237 issues were published. The newspaper survived mainly on the donations from liberals. Its policy was controlled by P. B. Axelrod, F. I. Dan, L. Martov and A. S. Martynov.
References
Defunct newspapers published in Russia
Russian-language newspapers
Newspapers established in 1912
Publications disestablished in 1913
1912 establishments in the Russian Empire
1910s disestablishments in the Russian Empire
Mass media in Saint Petersburg |
Specialty Restaurant Group, LLC. (SRG) is a privately owned restaurant company, headquartered in Maryville, Tennessee, USA, that has, at one time or another, owned and operated four casual dining restaurant chains, including The American Café, Silver Spoon Café, the now defunct L&N Seafood Grill, and Tia's Tex-Mex. At one time, SRG controlled and operated more than 40 restaurants—all of which operated under its various nameplates.
Specialty Restaurant Group was created in 2000, when a group of investors bought the four restaurant chains from Ruby Tuesday. The investors, who were former employees of Ruby Tuesday, included the company's current CEO, James CarMichael, who is credited with having led the buyout from Ruby Tuesday. The American Café, Silver Spoon Café, L&N Seafood Grill, and Tia's Tex-Mex restaurants already existed before their new parent company was created. Similar to Ruby Tuesday, Applebee's, O'Charley's and Outback Steakhouse, SRG's restaurant concepts operate or operated in the casual dining industry.
Beginning at the time of the divestiture, the company continued to maintain its relationship with Ruby Tuesday, and operated its corporate headquarters inside the Ruby Tuesday worldwide headquarters.
In 2004, SRG divested its Tia's Tex-Mex restaurant concept and all of the existing Tia's locations to Maplewood Partners, LP.
January 2007 Restaurant Closings
On January 2, 2007, SRG suddenly closed 20 of its remaining restaurants. The restaurant closings included eighteen American Café restaurants, one Silver Spoon Café restaurant, and the only remaining L&N Seafood Grill restaurant. In the same week, the company ended its seven-year relationship with Ruby Tuesday, relocating its corporate headquarters from the Ruby Tuesday office in which it has previously leased space.
Several of the sites on which the now-closed restaurants operated had been subleased from Ruby Tuesday. In a January 5, 2007 interview with Knoxville News Sentinel, Rick Johnson, senior vice president of Ruby Tuesday, indicated that he was aware of the closing but that Ruby Tuesday had "no immediate plans for space leased by SRG." After asked what his reaction was to the Tallahassee, Florida store closing, the then General Manager of that store Michael Stepp responded he would now have more time to lower his golf handicap in preparation for the Nationwide Tour. Another one of the managers at the Jacksonville Landing, Florida store, Allan Delrosario, expressed his shock as well to the surprising news because he was expecting for SRG to expand its restaurant operation in Las Vegas.
Chapter 11 Bankruptcy
On February 20, 2007, Specialty Restaurant Group filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganization in U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the northern district of Texas. The company's bankruptcy filings indicate that SRG owes millions of dollars to a variety of creditors across the United States, including former parent-company, Ruby Tuesday.
"SRG's debts include a $11.2 million bank loan, a $2.5 million debt to the Internal Revenue Service and $700,725 to Ruby Tuesday. In its filing, SRG lists assets of between $10 million and $50 million and a similar range of debts."
In a February 2007 letter to the company's creditors, SRG CEO James CarMichael stated: "This decision was not an easy one to make but based on the advice of our legal counsel and financial advisers, it is the right decision for the company and its employees."
In early 2007, Ruby Tuesday indicated in an SEC filing that it had learned that SRG had defaulted or was late at least once in rent payments for 17 restaurants that had been sub-leased by SRG from Ruby Tuesday. As a result, Ruby Tuesday anticipated taking a charge related to these 17 restaurants, although the company expects the actual charge to be "substantially less" than the $6.1 million remaining in scheduled payments for the various leases.
Notes
Restaurant groups in the United States
Defunct restaurant chains in the United States
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2007 |
Southern Federal University's botanical garden is located in the North-Western part in Rostov-on-Don, in the Temernik river valley. It's the first botanical garden in the vast territory of the treeless zone in the South of Russia. There is a mineral spring called St.Seraphim of Sarov on the territory of the garden, which is presented by the Directorate of the garden as an Orthodox shrine.
History
The need to create a Botanical garden in the city was first discussed in 1915, after the evacuation of the University of Warsaw to Rostov-on-Don because of the danger of occupation of the Polish capital by German troops. But only in 1927, on the initiative of professors V. F. Chmielewski and V. N. Varshavskogo the city authorities have allocated for the Botanical garden 74,11 ha. Botanical garden the North Caucasus Federal University were the first on the vast territory of the treeless zone of the South of Russia. The Botanical garden appeared in 1927. The basis of the garden planning was the map of the North Caucasus. It was assumed that the main alleys and paths of the garden will correspond to the contours of the map of the region and its railway lines. Representatives of subalpine birch forests, foothills of oak forests and beech-fir planting, moved to new conditions, in the first years almost all died. By 1940, the collection Fund of the garden numbered more than a thousand plants, including hornbeam, sycamore, velvet tree.
During the German occupation, not only greenhouses, office buildings and structures were destroyed, but the collections of greenhouse and flower-decorative herbaceous plants were completely lost. The Park and the arboretum were significantly damaged. Many large trees such as oak, hornbeam, beech, pine and others were destroyed. About 100 species of garden forms were killed, which made up one third of the collection, most of the most rare deciduous and evergreen plants. In the post-war period, all the buildings and the collection Fund of the Botanical garden were fully restored.
Nowadays the Botanical garden is a state budget educational and scientific unit of the southern Federal University.
Collection
Its area exceeds 200 hectares. It is home to over 6,500 species of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants. Almost 1600 species and forms reaches the flora collection collected in the greenhouse of tropical and subtropical cultures. Over 5,000 species of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants grow in the greenhouses of the garden and in the open field, including the greenhouse of tropical and subtropical plants in the collection of flora of Africa, South-East Asia, North and South America, Australia collected almost 1600 species of plants.
References
Tourist attractions in Rostov-on-Don
Buildings and structures in Rostov-on-Don
Cultural heritage monuments in Rostov-on-Don
Botanical gardens in Russia
Cultural heritage monuments of regional significance in Rostov Oblast |
This list of Quebec's 1000-meter peaks is a list of the highest summits in Quebec, used in the mountaineering sport of peak bagging. Ranked peaks have of clean prominence.
See also
Northeast 111 4000-footers
New England Four-thousand footers
Adirondack Forty-sixers
New England Fifty Finest
References
Lists of mountains by prominence
Lists of mountains by isolation
Quebec
Quebec
Peaks |
Charley Lane Johnson (born November 22, 1938) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the New Mexico State Aggies. Johnson played in the NFL for 15 years with three teams: the St. Louis Cardinals, Houston Oilers, and Denver Broncos. After his playing career, he became a professor of chemical engineering.
College career
A native of Big Spring, Texas, Johnson initially was set to play football with a scholarship at Schreiner Institute, but the school dropped football the season he arrived. He then transferred to New Mexico State University, but did so with a scholarship to play basketball instead and had to walk-on to play football there, though he eventually won the starting job at quarterback.
During his college football career at New Mexico State he became the only person to date to be named Most Valuable Player of the Sun Bowl in consecutive years, winning the award in 1959 and 1960. He is a member of the NMSU Sports Hall of Fame and was the first player in the history of the NMSU football program to have his jersey number (33) retired.
Professional career
He was a late-round draft pick by both the San Diego Chargers of the AFL and St. Louis Cardinals of the NFL, opting to go to St. Louis. After just 13 attempts his 1961 rookie season, he became the Cardinal's primary starter for the next five years.
He was named to the NFL Pro Bowl in 1963 after career-bests 3,280 passing yards and 28 passing touchdowns, and was featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated twice, on the December 14, 1964 and November 1, 1965. In 1964, he led the league with 223 completions, 420 attempts, 3,045 passing yards, and 24 interceptions. In 1966, he had a league-leading four 4th quarter comebacks. He played back-up to Jim Hart in 1967, and despite starting just two games, again led the league with two 4th quarter comebacks in 1968. He split time with Hart in 1969 before being traded to Houston. There he started 14 games in two seasons (1970–71), before ending his career with a four-year stint in Denver. He started 9 games for the Broncos in 1972, and all 14 games for the 7–5–2 squad in 1973. In 1974, his 14th season, he led the league for the first time in yards per attempt with 8.1. He began his final year with a 90-yard touchdown pass to Rick Upchurch against the Kansas City Chiefs, the only 90+ yard pass that decade by a Bronco. , his 16.45 yards per attempt in the game remains a franchise record, and he is a member of the Denver Broncos Ring of Fame
Johnson appeared as an imposter on the February 14, 1966 episode of the CBS game show To Tell the Truth. He revealed his true identity after receiving one vote.
He retired in 1975 with a 59–57–8 record as a starter, with 1,737 completions (at the time, ranked 13th all-time in professional football) on 3,392 attempts (13th), for 24,410 yards (14th), 170 touchdowns (15th), 181 interceptions (14th) and a passer rating of 69.2 (20th).
Outside of football
An engineering major at NMSU, Johnson obtained his bachelor's degree in chemical engineering at NMSU with a 4.0 GPA in 1961. Johnson then continued his academic pursuits during his NFL career and obtained master's and doctoral degrees in chemical engineering from Washington University in St. Louis while concurrently playing in the NFL. While an undergraduate, Johnson was part of NMSU's Army ROTC; he used his graduate studies to delay his commission until 1967, when he was called into active duty. He was deemed unfit for combat, but was stationed with and worked for NASA as a second lieutenant in the United States Army Reserve for two years (while simultaneously still playing for the Cardinals and working on his doctoral studies). After his football career and military service were over, he worked in industry, opening Johnson Compression Services in Houston in 1981 and working as an engineering and product development consultant until 1999. In 2000, he was hired to be the head of his New Mexico State’s chemical engineering department, a position he held until 2004, then becoming a professor in the department until his retirement in May 2012. Johnson was also briefly the interim head coach of the NMSU football team during the off-season, following the firing of Hal Mumme in January 2009.
See also
List of NCAA major college football yearly passing leaders
References
1938 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
Denver Broncos players
Houston Oilers players
New Mexico State Aggies football players
St. Louis Cardinals (football) players
Eastern Conference Pro Bowl players
New Mexico State University faculty
McKelvey School of Engineering alumni
People from Big Spring, Texas
Players of American football from Texas |
Isla San Cosme, is an island in the Gulf of California east of the Baja California Peninsula. The island is uninhabited and is part of the Loreto Municipality.
Biology
Isla San Cosme has three species of reptiles: Aspidoscelis tigris (tiger whiptail), Sauromalus ater (common chuckwalla), and Urosaurus nigricauda (black-tailed brush lizard).
References
Further reading
Islands of Baja California Sur
Islands of the Gulf of California
Loreto Municipality (Baja California Sur)
Uninhabited islands of Mexico |
The following are examples of orders of magnitude for torque.
Examples
References
Orders of magnitude
Torque |
Dusan Krajcinovic (died 2007) was a mechanics scientist. He was past member and chair of the Applied Mechanics Division of ASME. He served a term on the U. S. National Committee on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. He authored a review paper on damage mechanics that predates his book on the same subject.
He earned his bachelor's and master's degrees in Civil Engineering from the University of Belgrade (1958, 1966) before emigrating to the US. He earned his PhD in Civil Engineering from Northwestern University in 1968, working with Prof. George Hermann. He worked at Ingersoll Rand Research Inc. (1969) and Argonne National Laboratory (1973), before becoming Professor of Civil Engineering at University of Illinois, Chicago, IL (1973-1989) and then Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Arizona State University (ASU), until retiring as Professor Emeritus in 2004. He received the October Prize for Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Science (Belgrade, Yugoslavia, 1990), the Gold Medal for achievements in Science and Technology (Crete, 1999), and Laurea Honoris Causa (Milan, Italy, 2001).
He was ASME Fellow and Chair of AMD Executive Committee (2001-2002), Fellow of the American Academy of Mechanics and President (1999-2001), as well as Member of the Stability Research Council, the International Association for Structural Engineering in Reactor Technology, and non-member advisor of the ASCE Committee for Inelastic Behavior of Materials). he served on the editorial boards of Applied Mechanics Reviews and Mechanics of Materials, and was editor of the International Journal of Damage Mechanics.
References
In Memory of Dusan Krajcinovic, Society of Engineering Science,
In Memoriam: Professor Dusan Krajcinovic,
1935 births
2007 deaths
American scientists
Serbian engineers
Arizona State University faculty
Northwestern University alumni
University of Belgrade alumni
University of Illinois Chicago faculty
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers |
is a town located in Miyako District, Fukuoka Prefecture, on the Japanese home island of Kyushu, which is one of the four main islands. Kanda is a suburb of the city of Kitakyushu.
As of April 30, 2017, the town has an estimated population of 36,957 and a density of 800 persons per km2. The total area is 46.46 km2.
Nishinippon Institute of Technology is located in the town.
Future merger
A majority of local residents favor remaining an independent municipality, but voices calling for a merger with the neighboring city of Kitakyūshū remain.
Transportation
The town is located approximately 5 miles (8 kilometers) west of Kitakyūshū Airport, which is built on an artificial island. The airport serves several major cities in Japan and other eastern Asian countries. By road, the city is adjacent to the Higashi-Kyushu Expressway. By rail, the city is served by the Kanda Station.
Economy
The Nissan Motor Kyushu factory started operation in Kanda in 1975.
Culture
The Kanda Float Festival is held annually in mid-September. The festival is famous for its 14 "fighting floats", and has been categorized as an "Intengible Folk Cultural Asset" by the Fukuoka prefecture.
Sister Cities
Samcheok, South Korea (since 1997)
References
External links
Kanda official website
Towns in Fukuoka Prefecture
Port settlements in Japan |
"Don't Worry" is the debut solo single of English musician Kim Appleby from her self-titled debut solo album (1990). This was Appleby's first solo-single after the death of her sister Mel. The song addresses the process of getting over being heartbroken. With the aid of her then boyfriend, ex-Bros bassist Craig Logan, Kim launched a solo career with much of her debut solo album composed of songs co-written with Mel, for what was intended to be the next Mel and Kim album. The new album showed Appleby in a more prominent, soulful role, although the tongue-in-cheek humour of Mel & Kim still remained.
Released on 22 October 1990, the song reached number two on the UK Singles Chart in November 1990 and entered the top 40 throughout Europe. The single was also one of the best played singles on both IR stations and the BBC for a month. Additionally it peaked within the top 10 in Austria, Belgium, Finland, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands and Switzerland. On the Eurochart Hot 100, "Don't Worry" reached number seven in December 1990. In Zimbabwe, the single reached number one in January 1991.
Critical reception
Pan-European magazine Music & Media declared the song as a "hit-bound record with a strong Motown (Supremes) feel. Co-written by Appleby and former Bros member Craig Logan, this is an up-tempo, cheerful and well produced song." Selina Webb from Music Week felt that this release "is tinged with considerable sadness, as it should have been performed by a duo." She added that it "lacks the SAW magic but stands up as an easily-consumed pop song which should bop its way easily into the charts." R.S. Murthi from New Straits Times said it "sounds so much like Stock/Aitken/Waterman that you're disappointed to discover that it's not their work." Tom Doyle from Smash Hits wrote that the song is "something of a bouncy singalong SAW-type affair", and complimented Appleby's voice as "consistently strong and tuneful".
Music video
A music video was produced to promote the single, directed by Liam Kan. It received heavy rotation on MTV Europe.
Track listings
CD single
"Don't Worry" – 3:33
"Don't Worry" (The Phil Chill mix) – 4:37
"Don't Worry" (The Stressed Out mix) – 7:51
7-inch single
"Don't Worry" – 3:31
"Don't Worry" (instrumental) – 3:50
12-inch single
"Don't Worry" (The Stressed Out mix) – 7:52
"Don't Worry" (The Phil Chill mix) – 4:36
"Don't Worry" (Crypt mix) – 4:54
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
1990 debut singles
1990 songs
Kim Appleby songs
Music videos directed by Liam Kan
Number-one singles in Zimbabwe
Parlophone singles
Songs written by Craig Logan |
Indian Trails Middle School may refer to one of two public schools within the U.S. state of Florida.
Indian Trails Middle School (Seminole County), a school in Winter Springs
Indian Trails Middle School (Flagler County), a school in Palm Coast
See also
Indian Trail School (disambiguation) |
Sullivan Ridge () is a massive ridge, 15 nautical miles (28 km) long, displaying a steep, irregular east slope overlooking Ramsey Glacier and a low gradient, ice-covered west slope overlooking Muck Glacier. The ridge extends generally north from Husky Heights and terminates at the confluence of Muck and Ramsey Glaciers. Discovered and photographed by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47) and named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Walter S. Sullivan of the New York Times staff, who has written extensively on Antarctic research and exploration.
See also
Four Ramps
References
Ridges of the Ross Dependency
Dufek Coast |
Hypsioma attalia is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Dillon and Dillon in 1945. It is known from Brazil.
References
attalia
Beetles described in 1945 |
```ruby
# frozen_string_literal: true
module Admin
class BaseController < ApplicationController
include Authorization
include AccountableConcern
layout 'admin'
before_action :set_body_classes
before_action :set_cache_headers
after_action :verify_authorized
private
def set_body_classes
@body_classes = 'admin'
end
def set_cache_headers
response.cache_control.replace(private: true, no_store: true)
end
def set_user
@user = Account.find(params[:account_id]).user || raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound)
end
end
end
``` |
Grégoire Müller (born February 23, 1947) is a contemporary Swiss painter and writer, who lives in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland. His figurative paintings frequently explore current events and world news as documented on television and in print.
Life
Grégoire Müller was born in the town of Morges, Switzerland. In the 1960s, he studied at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière in Paris while becoming acquainted with fellow artists Daniel Buren and Olivier Mosset. During that time he was in charge of the Art page in Pariscope and soon became a correspondent for Art and Artists (London) and Artsmagazine (New York). During the May 68 events Müller was arrested and imprisoned for three days, furthering his interest in counterculture. In 1968, he collaborated with Harald Szeemann on the legendary “When Attitudes become Form” exhibition. In 1969, he left Europe for New York.
In New York, Müller first worked as an assistant to Richard Serra and as a freelance critic before becoming the Editor-in-Chief of Artsmagazine. In that role, he published original contributions by some of the leading artists of the 20th Century, including Salvador Dalí, Robert Rauschenberg, Andy Warhol, Richard Serra, Walter De Maria, Sol LeWitt, Robert Smithson, and Vito Acconci.
In 1972, after the publication of his landmark book “The New Avant Garde” (Praeger Publishing, NY, Pall Mall, London and Alfieri, Milan), Müller began to focus exclusively on painting. Influenced by the work of Lucian Freud and Balthus, among others, he focused on figuration. His first major solo exhibition at Richard Bellamy’s Oil & Steel Gallery (1984) was reviewed by Michael Brenson for the New York Times. In 1986, Müller left New York with his wife, the singer songwriter Pascal, settling in La Chaux-de-Fonds in Switzerland.
In addition to exhibiting his work internationally, Müller has taught at the Haute Ecole d’Art (Neuchâtel) and at the Lycée Blaise Cendrars (La Chaux-de-Fonds).
Work
Müller’s is a figurative painter, who received his early training in life drawing classes at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière in Paris. Over time, he has developed a style that embraces aesthetics found in both Neo-expressionism and Renaissance painting. Deeply involved in the American avant-garde movements of the 1960s, Müller’s understanding of how art can engage us physically is further rooted in Process Art and Minimalism. Since then, he has created works that initiate an immediate physical impact and are often thought of as being confrontational. By the mid-1970s, Müller began to isolate the figure in his compositions, evoking questions of existential angst and struggle. This notion was enhanced through the introduction of political content derived from newspaper images and television.
During the past decade, Müller has developed a new approach, working with oil and turpentine on black denim. Notwithstanding their darkness, his paintings are about light and dramatic chiaroscuro effects. Overall, Müller explores the unique ability of painting to bring images to our consciousness. The human body and face with all its emotional and psychological dimensions are central to his quest. In a broader sense, Müller’s work involves all of what we call Life, including current events, contemporary landscapes and objects.
Müller’s work is found in international museums and collections, including the Museum of Modern Art New York, The Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum, the Henry Art Gallery, Seattle, the Zurich Kunsthaus, Chase Manhattan Bank, and the Nationale Suisse Assurance and the Swiss Confederation. His exhibitions have been reviewed in the New York Times, Art in America, the New Yorker, ARTnews, Neue Zürcher Zeitung, L’Hebdo, Le Temps and other publications. He is prominently featured in the Dictionnaire de l'Art Suisse.
Awards
National Endowment for the Arts, Washington
Joseph James Akston Foundation, New York
Pollock – Krasner Foundation, New York
Robert C. Scull Foundation, New York
Works
Battle Field, 2010, oil on canvas, 24 3/4 x 28 3/4 in.
Burnt Forest, 2008, Oil on canvas, 86 3/4 x 52 inches (220 x 132 cm)
Laughing Man, 2008, Oil on canvas, 20 1/2 x 19 3/4 inches (52 x 50 cm)
Scavenger, 2010, Oil on canvas, 65 1/2 x 54 1/2 inches (166 x 138 cm)
Candle, 2008, Oil on canvas, 23 x 14 3/4 inches (58.4 x 37.5 cm)
Abu Ghraib, 2008, Oil on canvas, 75 x 54 1/2 inches (190.5 x 138.5 cm)
Exhibitions
2011
Jason McCoy Gallery, New York, NY
2009
Espace Courant d’art, Porrentruy
2003
Musée des Beaux Arts, Le Locle
2001
Musée d’Art et d´Histoire, Neuchâtel
2000
Galerie Numaga, Auvernier
1997
E.S.F – Espace Saint-François, Lausanne
1993
Jason McCoy Gallery, New York, NY
Villa Turque – EBEL (Le Corbusier), La Chaux-de-Fonds
Galerie Carzaniga + Uecker, Basel
1992
Kunsthaus Zürich
Fischlin Gallery, Geneva
1991
Jason McCoy Gallery, New York, NY
David Grob Gallery, London
1990
University of Lausanne
1989
Jason McCoy Gallery, New York, NY
Palais de l’Athénée, Geneva
1988
David Grob Gallery, London
Galerie Carzaniga + Uecker, Basel
1987
Jason McCoy Gallery, New York, NY
Galerie Renée Ziegler, Zurich
Artis Gallery, Monte Carlo
1986
Musée des Beaux Arts, La Chaux-de-Fonds
Gruenebaum Gallery New York
1984
Oil & Steel Gallery, New York, NY
1977
Kornblee Gallery, New York, NY
1976
Galerie Jean Chauvelin, Paris
Deitcher/O’Reilly Gallery, New York, NY
1975
Deitcher/O’Reilly Gallery, New York, NY
Collections
Museum of Modern Art, NY
Kunsthaus Zürich, Switzerland
Musée des Beaux-Arts, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
Musée d’Art et d’Histoire, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
Museo d’Arte di Lugano, Switzerland
Collection of the Swiss Confederation, Bern, Switzerland
Henry Art Gallery, Seattle, WA
The Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum, CT
Fondation Gotti, Museo d’Arte, Lugano
Fondation du Château de Jau, France
Chase Manhattan Bank, New York
Prudential Insurance, New York
Union Bank of Switzerland, New York
Schweizerische Nationalversicherung, Basel
UBS, New York
Catalogues
Grégoire Müller, New York: Jason McCoy Gallery, NY, 2011
Grégoire Müller, polygraphie, Le Locle: Musée de Beaux-Arts, Le Locle, 2004
Face à la peinture, Neuchâtel: Musée dárt et d´Historie de Neuchâtel, 2001
Grégoire Müller: Recent Paintings, New York: Jason McCoy Gallery, 1989
Grégoire Müller, essay by Donald B. Kuspit, London: David Grob Limited, 1988
Books
Grégoire Müller, Ramblings: art et survie à Manhattan, 1969–1986, Editions de l'Aire, 1997
Grégoire Müller, New Avantgarde: Issues for the Art of the Seventies, Pall Mall Publishers, 1972
References
Levin Kim, Gregoire Müller, ARTnews, November 2011
Brenson, Michael, Art: A Rare Exhibition of Modern Swiss Art, The New York Times, Friday, May 17, 1985
Brenson, Michael, Works on Paper, The New York Times, Friday, June 21, 1985
Glueck, Grace, Art: Figures of Mystery Shows New York by 10, The New York Times, Friday, June 21, 1985
Brenson, Michael, Can Political Passion Inspire Great Art? The New York Times, Sunday, April 24, 1984
Henry, Garrit, Gregoire Müller at Oil & Steel, Art in America, October 1984
External links
1947 births
Living people
Swiss painters
Swiss writers
People from La Chaux-de-Fonds |
Eugenia Salvi (born 22 June 1960 in Castenedolo, Italy) is an athlete from Italy who competes in compound archery. She took up archery in 1999 and first represented the national senior team in 2002. She has since won individual gold medals at the World Championships and Indoor World Championships, a stage win in Antalya at the 2008 World Cup, and several team medals.
References
1960 births
Living people
Italian female archers
World Archery Championships medalists
21st-century Italian women |
Millerhof () is a folk name of a residence-style palace built on the Istra Reservoir near Berezhki village, Moscow Region, Russia. The palace is also known as the Residence on the Istra Reservoir (Russian: Резиденция на Истринском водохранилище).
History
The palace was constructed in 2008–09, and resembles a somewhat diminished and simplified copy of the famous palaces of Peterhof. The site also hosts several formal gardens that seem to be however inaccessible to the general public.
Rumors about the ownership of the lavish palace began to circulate almost as soon as the construction was finished. In 2009, Russian newspapers alleged the ownership to Gazprom CEO Alexei Miller. Gazprom however denied the rumors.
In 2010, Jordanian-born Russian businessman and billionaire Ziyad Manasir, then principal shareholder of construction holding company "Stroygazconsulting", told the press that his company was the owner of the Istra Reservoir Palace and that he was living in the palace with his wife and his five children.
"Stroygazconsulting" said, the total construction costs of the palace amounted to 30 million dollars. Independent experts however estimated the costs to twice as much.
According to Ilya Motchalov, vice president of the Russian Association of Landscape Architects, whose own company "Bruns Park" was engaged in the construction of the park, the palace on the Istra Reservoir near Berezhki was built following the design of the Royal Palace of La Granja de San Ildefonso in Spain.
See also
Putin's Palace
Mezhyhirya Residence
References
External links
Various images of the palace near Berezhki village in the Moscow region, englishrussia.com
Buildings and structures in Moscow Oblast
Palaces in Russia |
The Second Battle of Tuxpan was one of the three small battles of the Mexican–American War to occur in Tuxpan, Mexico. The exact date is unknown but was fought between a landing force of Matthew C. Perry's Mosquito Fleet and Mexican soldiers and or militiamen. The engagement resulted in the death of one American sailor and the wounding of six others, two of which were wounded severely. Mexican casualties are unknown. The American occupation and blockade of Tuxpan continued, on June 30, another small skirmish erupted at the town, known as the Third Battle of Tuxpan.
References
Nevin, David; editor, The Mexican War (1978)
Bauer, K. Jack, The Mexican–American War 1846–48
External links
Roll of Honor - U.S. Casualties of Naval Actions in the War with Mexico
Mosquito Fleet Campaign
United States Marine Corps in the 18th and 19th centuries
Naval battles of the Mexican–American War
June 1847 events |
Oleg Bondarik (born 22 August 1976) is a Belarusian cyclist. He competed in the men's individual road race at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1976 births
Living people
Belarusian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Belarus
Cyclists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Cyclists from Minsk |
Belitsaky is a municipality in western Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Maintirano, which is a part of Melaky Region.
Roads
This village is connecte by the hardly praticable Nationale Road 1 with Tsiroanomandidy and Maintirano (72 km).
Sights
The Tsingy de Beanka, a protected area of 57.800 ha.
References
Populated places in Melaky |
Hohengeroldseck was a state of the Holy Roman Empire. It was founded by the House of Geroldseck, a German noble family which arrived in the Ortenau region of Swabia reputedly in 948, though the first mention of the family is documented in the 1080s. The family line went extinct in 1634 and was succeeded by the Kronberg and Leyen families. In 1806, the county was raised to a Principality and adopted the family name of Leyen. Late in 1813, the Principality was mediatized by Austria and its name reverted to Hohengeroldseck, but the history of the state ended when Austria ceded it to the Grand Duchy of Baden in 1819 and merged with the district of Lahr in 1831.
The Geroldseck Family
Originating in Alsace during the Carolingian and Ottonian periods, the Geroldsecks were first mentioned in a witness list dating from the 1080s, and were definitely proven to reside in the Black Forest region from 1139. They were heavily involved in mining of ores, especially silver. The Hohengeroldseck family supported and rebuilt many monasteries within the Zähringen domains, notably Schuttern and Ettenheimmünster, each located about 25 kilometers from castle Hohengeroldseck. All together, the Geroldsecks founded between 16 and 20 monasteries within the southern half of modern Baden. They were closely aligned with the Bishop of Strassburg, being Vogt protectors for nearly 371 years, and twice Bishops of Strassburg, 1262–1273. Their family seat was Castle Hohengeroldseck near Biberach. Walter of Geroldseck built the Castle upon the Schönberg between 1240 and 1250.
Around 1252, the family inherited the most important portions of the County of Sulz on the Neckar as well as the dominions of Schenkenzell and Lossburg and perhaps Romberg, and these formed the basis of their Lordship.
In 1260, Walter of Geroldseck became Bishop of Strassburg. His brother Hermann obtained a bailiwick lying between Seltz and the Bishopric of Basel, and incurred the wrath of the latter when he seized the monastery of St. Gregory in the Alsatian Münstertal. Walter lent aid to his brother, which irritated the townspeople of Strassburg. Further attempts to assert his authority over the townspeople caused a revolt, and he was driven from the city. Walter found many allies to assist him in attempting to reclaim the city, including the Bishop of Trier, but he was defeated in the Battle of Hausbergen in 1262, and henceforth Strassburg was a free Imperial City.
In 1270, Baron Heinrich of Geroldseck married Agnes the heiress of the last Count of Veldenz and so founded the second dynasty of that territory. In 1277, the house of Geroldseck divided into Upper (Hohen-) and Lower lines, sharing some common properties such as the bailiwicks of Friesenheim and Oberschopfheim, the village Ottenheim, as well as Castle Schwanau on the Alsatian side of the Rhine. A further division of the Hohen-Geroldseck line in the beginning of the fourteenth century caused the independence of the Veldenz Counts as well as the loss of old territories in Alsace.
A different Castle Geroldseck was built in the thirteenth century on lands of the Lower Line in what is today the commune of Niederstinzel in the Wasgau region of Alsace. Hans of Geroldseck ruled from the castle as a fief of the Bishop of Metz from 1355 until his death in 1391, after which time his rights devolved to the Lords of Ochsenstein and the counts of Zweibrücken-Bitsch. Castle Geroldseck itself was destroyed by fire in 1381. Old German folktales regarded the ruins as the meeting place of great heroes, such as Ariovistus, Herman, Widukind, and Siegfried. Legends claimed that, when the Germans would be in the greatest need, these heroes would come out from the castle to help them.
The Lower Line ruled its Swabian territory situated upon the city of Lahr until 1426, when the family went extinct. Baron Diebold of Hohen-Geroldseck therefore challenged the legitimate heirs, the Counts of Moers-Saarwerden, for the inheritance in 1428, but could not prevail and suffered grave economic woes.
Baron Dietrich of Hohen-Geroldseck played an ambitious role in the quarrel between Austria and the Electoral Palatinate in the 1480s, but this led to the outright conquest of Castle Geroldseck by the Palatinate in 1486. The defeat of the Elector in the Landshut Succession War in 1504 saw the return of the family to their seat.
According to the Imperial Matriculation of 1521, the Lordship of Hohengeroldseck contributed 1 cavalryman and 3 infantrymen to the Imperial Army. In 1545 and 1551 it contributed 1 cavalryman, 2 infantrymen, and 20 Florins in money. In case of emergency, a further 16 Florins was to be paid to the Army. In addition, Hohengeroldseck had to pay to the Imperial Court Chamber annually 10 Reichsthalers and 12 1/2 Kreutzer. These contribution rates remained unchanged until the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved in 1806.
Elisabeth of Hohen-Geroldseck was elected to rule the Imperial Abbey of Buchau on May 28, 1523. The Abbey was a member of the Swabian League. Elisabeth had to flee in 1525 when the Peasant's War saw the League's enemies attack the Abbey. She returned shortly thereafter and completed fortifications and many building extensions. Elisabeth died in 1540.
The last of the House of Geroldseck was Baron Jacob, who began his reign in 1584. In that year, Jacob began construction of a three-storey residence in the middle of the walled enclosure of the water castle of Dautenstein in Seelbach. He moved out of Castle Hohengeroldseck in 1599 and took up residence in the Dautenstein in that same year.
Baron Jacob died in the year 1634. His daughter and heiress, Anna Maria, first married Count Frederick of Solms-Rödelheim, founder of the Solms-Rödelheim branch of the family. After his death, reported in places as 1649 but likely much earlier, his widow Anna Maria wed Margrave Frederick V of Baden-Durlach on 13 February 1644.
The Kronberg Family
Previously in the year 1620, the Baron of Kronberg had obtained rights to the Lordship of Hohengeroldseck as an Austrian fief in the event Baron Jacob's line went extinct. He took possession in 1635, at the same time being raised to a Count. Anna Maria petitioned the Emperor but could not receive her proper inheritance. The Counts of Kronberg never resided in Hohengeroldseck but at their ancient residence in Kronberg im Taunus.
In 1636, the Dautenstein was destroyed as a casualty of the Thirty Years' War and rebuilt shortly thereafter, though on a more modest scale.
The castle of Hohengeroldseck itself was destroyed by the French in 1689, a casualty of the War of the Palatinate. The destruction has been uniformly but erroneously attributed by 19th century authors to the actions of Marshal Crequi, who actually died in 1687, two years before the castle was laid waste.
In 1697, the Margraves of Baden seized Hohengeroldseck as allies of the French, but the Imperial Army drove them out soon after.
In 1704, Count John Nicholas died, and with him the Kronberg family went extinct. Of the Kronberg lands, the dominion of Rothenberg was disbursed to the Count of Degenfeld and Kronberg itself to the Elector of Mainz. Hohengeroldseck was granted to Count Karl Caspar von der Leyen.
The Leyen Family
In 1711, Count Karl Caspar von der Leyen was created Imperial Count which guaranteed sovereignty through Imperial immediacy.
Renovations to Castle Dautenstein in the second half of the 18th Century saw the removal of its walls, rendering its appearance similar to a large farmhouse, but the compound retained its original footprint, and the building served as a modest court for the Counts of Leyen whenever they might journey from their residential palace at Blieskastel.
However, on May 14, 1793, the French Revolutionary Army surrounded Blieskastel Palace, forcing the Leyen family to flee. Having lost all of their possessions on the left bank of the Rhine river, the nearly destitute family took up residence in the Dautenstein, where they remained until the end of their rule over Hohengeroldseck.
The peace treaty with France denied the family restoration of their lands, and numerous petitions to the Imperial Diet for compensation were fruitless, as the Final Recess of 1803 denied the family compensation granted other exiled nobles on the basis that the Leyen family did nothing to aid the war against France. Henceforth, Count Philip Francis looked to France for friendship. The Friendship paid off in that Hohengeroldseck was spared the mediatization of 1806 that consumed much larger and wealthier states by virtue that the Count was nephew to Archchancellor Karl Theodor von Dalberg, a close collaborator of Napoleon's.
After the Holy Roman Empire
The County joined the Rhine Confederation as a founding member on July 12, 1806. Article V. of the Treaty of the Confederation of the Rhine raised Count Philip Francis to a Prince, and his realm became known as the Principality of Leyen. The same treaty declared Leyen separated forevermore from the Holy Roman Empire, as per Article III. The Empire itself was declared at an end on August 6, 1806. As for the army, Article XXXVIII. of the Rhine Treaty decreed a 4,000 strong combined army corps raised by "the other Princes of the Confederation," to which the Prince of Leyen had to supply a contingent of 29 soldiers and the money to equip and care for them.
The outbreak of the War of the Sixth Coalition in 1813 signaled the approaching end of the French supremacy. The Battle of the Nations in mid-October removed France's grip on Germany, and the members of the Rhine Confederation either abandoned their French alliance or were overrun by the advancing Allies. On December 13, 1813, the Principality of Leyen was occupied by Austrian forces, declared "leaderless" because Prince Philip was residing in Paris at the time, and formally mediatized.
Later History
Hohengeroldseck was awarded to Austria by the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Its cession to Baden was brought about in a very complex way. At the Congress of Vienna, Austria insisted on the re-annexation of Salzburg, which had been made over to Bavaria by Napoleon after the Treaty of Schönbrunn in 1809. In the Treaty of Munich in 1816, Austria and Bavaria came to terms, with the Austrians promising to support Bavaria in its ambition to secure the County of Sponheim from Prussia and Baden's portion of the Palatinate on the right bank of the Rhine River following the death of the childless Grand Duke Charles of Baden.
At the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1818, however, the great powers came to terms with Grand Duke Charles' succession, and guaranteed his successor a full inheritance. To help meet its obligations to Bavaria, Austria proposed to cede Hohengeroldseck to Baden in exchange for Baden's transfer of that portion of Wertheim on the opposite side of the River Main (the town of Steinfeld and surrounding territory) to Bavaria. All parties accepted.
On July 10, 1819, the Frankfurt Convention was held to solve all outstanding German border issues. The Convention confirmed all decisions made at the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle. Austria exchanged Hohengeroldseck for Steinfeld, which in turn was ceded to Bavaria, the protocols for the latter transfer being signed in Aschaffenburg on October 27, 1819.
The Baden authorities referred to the territory as "the Provisional District of Hohengeroldseck" until March 1, 1831, when it was merged into the District of Lahr and henceforth disappeared from history.
Geographic Disposition of the State
Located in the Ortenau region of Swabia, the area of the state never exceeded 45 square miles. Despite its small size, Hohengeroldseck had many neighbors. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, it was bound clockwise by the Free Imperial City of Zell to the north, the Lordship of Hausen (a possession of the Prince of Fürstenberg) to the east, the Ettenheim territory of the bishopric of Strassburg to the south as well as an enclave within the territory of Hohengeroldseck itself, an estate of a Free Imperial Knight of the autonomous Ortenau District to the southwest, territory of Nassau-Usingen to the west with portions of Baden-Durlach above and below it, and finally a tiny exclave of Further Austria to the northwest.
In addition, two small exclaves to the northwest of Hohengeroldseck shared numerous borders. The larger exclave was surrounded on three sides by three different estates of Free Imperial Knights of the Ortenau District, with an exclave of Further Austria to the north and the Free Imperial City of Gengenbach to the northeast, while the smaller exclave of Hohengeroldseck was bound to the south by the Schutterwald knightly estate (held in condominium with Austria), another exclave of Further Austria to the west, and the Free Imperial City of Offenburg to the north and east. Both exclaves were held in condominium with Austria.
See also
House of Leyen
County of Veldenz
References
German noble families
Noble families of the Holy Roman Empire
Alsatian noble families |
The Battle of Aguelhok (also called the Aguelhok Massacre) occurred when rebels from the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) and Islamists groups Ansar Dine and Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb attacked a Malian army garrison base in the town of Aguelhok, Kidal Region of Northern Mali on 17 January 2012, as part of the larger Tuareg rebellion to seize all government bases in the region.
The attack was led by Colonel Moussa Ag, a Malian army deserter to the MNLA. The military base was overrun on 25 January, after the Malian army garrison ran out of ammunition and surrendered.
The battle
On January 18, the small town of Aguelhok was attacked by the rebels. The assault begins at 3.30 am, when the attackers cut the telephone network, while a group, hidden by the houses of the city progressed to the military camp without being seen. They found a favorable position on the roofs from where they could fire to the military camp. In addition, on the outskirts of the city, teachers and students of the Teacher Training Institute were taken prisoner, and they were used as human shields to protect themselves from possible air strikes. However, on the first day, the Malian army repelled the Tuareg and Islamist forces. According to the Malian Ministry of Defense, this first fight killed 35 attackers. The losses of the Malian army were one dead and 7 wounded. Forces of Ansar Dine, were led by Abu Mohame, said Sheikh Aoussa, the second in command of the group. According to an intelligence officer in Mali, the attackers were commanded by Colonel deserter Ibah or M'Bam Ag Moussa, known as "Bamoussa". On January 20, a convoy of the Malian army that came to reinforce the Aguelhok garrison was repulsed during the Battle of In Emsal. After a few slight skirmishes on January 24, at five in the morning, the rebels launched a second assault. Short of ammunition, the Malian soldiers surrendered. But they were executed the same day. The next day, the barracks were bombed by the Malian airforce, and from Kidal a new Malian army group commanded by Colonel Ag Gamou headed to Aguelhok, supported by Mil Mi-24 helicopters. The rebels withdraw and abandoned the city which was taken without a fight by the Malian soldiers. 41 soldiers were found in mass graves after the battle.
Executions
Malian military spokesmen Colonel Idriss Traoré later commented that 97 captured soldiers were killed. Later it became known that the 100 captured Malian soldiers were summarily executed by rebels using "al-Qaeda style" tactics. Nine soldiers spared during the massacre were later let free on a vow to never fight "Sharia Islam".
Prior to its formal investigation in Mali, the International Criminal Court stated that,
"Based on the information available, the Aguelhok incident appears grave enough to justify further action by the Court."
The Malian president Amadou Toumani Toure later commented during a conference on 15 March about the incident,
"The garrison had no more ammunition and it was impossible to transport reinforcements. The soldiers who fought valiantly were captured. When the MNLA left the scene we discovered a tragedy. Seventy of our young people were lined up on the floor. Blacks had their wrists tied behind his back. They were killed by bullets fired at close range in the head. Those who had white skin, Arabs and Tuaregs slaughtered and gutted. It is a war crime. I am surprised by the silence of international organizations on these atrocities. What does the International Criminal Court do? Nothing. A commission of inquiry was tasked to submit a dossier to the Malian justice. MNLA who claimed victory bears a heavy responsibility, but we know that the largest contingent of the group was composed primarily of people of AQIM. "
France and other world countries denounced the incident as "absolutely atrocious and unacceptable violence".
Toure later remarked in an interview with the French newspaper Le Figaro;
“les soldats qui se sont battus vaillamment ont été faits prisonniers”. Il poursuit “lorsque le MNLA a quitté les lieux nous avons découvert une tragédie. Les noirs avaient les poignets ligotés dans le dos. Ils ont été abattus par des balles tirées à bout portant dans la tête. Ceux qui avaient la peau blanche, les Arabes et les Touaregs, ont été égorgés et souvent éventrés. C’est un crime de guerre”
Aftermath
On 1 February, violence in the north of the country led to anti-rebellion protests which shut down Bamako, Mali's capital. Following the Bamako protests, the interior minister took the place of the defense minister. President Touré also called on the population to not attack any community after some Tuaregs' properties were attacked in the protests.
References
Aguelhok
2012 in Mali
Aguelhok
January 2012 events in Africa
Aguelhok
Massacres in 2012
Battles involving the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad
Battles involving Mali
Massacres in Mali |
Gabriel Höfner ( 16 May 1842, Türnitz, Niederösterreich- 4 March 1921, Wolfsberg, Carinthia) was an Austrian entomologist, musician and composer.
Entomology
Gabriel Höfner specialised in Lepidoptera notably Carinthia, Lavanttal, Koralpe and the Saualpe He described Micropterix aureoviridella (Höfner, 1898), Dichagyris nigrescens (Höfner, 1887), Montanima karavankensis (Höfner, 1888), Elachista albicapilla Höfner, 1918 and Elachista argentifasciella Höfner, 1898.
Höfner undertook studies on Erebia and Psychidae, among others in over 40 publications (1876–1900) on Lepidoptera. He was past master of the Lepidoptera of Carinthia recording over 1.600 species.
References
J. T. 1921: [Höfner, G.] Entomologische Zeitschrift, Frankfurt a. M 35 (9)
Nachruf von Dr. Zweigelt, Klosterneuburg in der Zeitschrift des Österreichischen Entomologen-Vereines, 6. Jahrgang, Nr. 6 vom 1. Juni 1921 auf landesmuseum.at includes bibliography
Zobodat
1921 deaths
1842 births
Austrian lepidopterists |
Adelaide Benevolent Society is South Australia's oldest charity, formed in 1849. It is an independent non-profit organization that provides affordable housing for aged persons, families and new arrivals to South Australia. The society also provides emergency financial assistance for people in need.
History
The society was formed on 2 February 1849, as the Adelaide Benevolent and Stranger's Friend Society Incorporated. Its objective was to provide "relief to the sick and indigent, especially among newly arrived immigrants". From its inception, one of the society's main aims was to provide cheap accommodation. This began to be realised from the 1869, when it rented, then purchased, cottages in the Adelaide city centre. These cottages were eventually replaced by housing units in the city's northern and southern suburbs. As well as providing subsidised accommodation, the society helps out in cases of unforeseen emergency, providing help with the cost of utility bills or short term financial aid where there is genuine need. The society's work among the poor and sick continued during Australia's economically depressed years from the late 1880s and 1890s through to the first decade of the 20th century, including the Great Depression of the 1930s. It was during this period that the Society was able to finance the construction of its own building with a bequest of 1000 pounds from Sir Thomas Elder. Elder Hall, at 17 Morialta Street, was completed in 1898 - this building still functions as the society's office. Former South Australian Premier Thomas Playford was a founding member of the Adelaide Benevolent Society; George Fife Angas and his son J. H. Angas served as vice presidents of the Society and made large financial contributions; and Sir John Colton, twice Premier of South Australia, was president from 1872 until his death in 1902. Stow Smith was associated with the Society for over 50 years.
Services
The society owns more than 250 units and houses throughout the Adelaide metropolitan area that it rents to persons on lower incomes at rents below market rates. The society's properties are located in several suburbs around the metropolitan area from Elizabeth in the North to Victor Harbor in the South.
Properties are a mix of one and two bedroom units as well as some 3 bedroom houses. Potential tenants are assessed on a needs basis and the Society acts as a tenancy and property manager. In addition to housing, the society also provides some emergency financial assistance. Applications are assessed on a needs basis.
References
The Advertiser, 7 May 2009: Housing Scheme for Aged Launched
ABC News, 19 May 2010: New Adelaide Housing to Ease Rental Stress
External links
Thomas Playford, ABS history
Non-profit organisations based in South Australia |
Bi-scalar tensor vector gravity theory (BSTV) is an extension of the tensor–vector–scalar gravity theory (TeVeS). TeVeS is a relativistic generalization of Mordehai Milgrom's Modified Newtonian Dynamics MOND paradigm proposed by Jacob Bekenstein. BSTV was proposed by R.H.Sanders. BSTV makes TeVeS more flexible by making a non-dynamical scalar field in TeVeS into a dynamical one.
References
Theories of gravity
Theoretical physics
Astrophysics |
Francisco Herrera (1576–1656) was a distinguished Spanish painter, born in Seville. He was the founder of the Seville school.
Biography
Francisco Herrera was born in Seville in 1576. Francisco Pacheco was his teacher, but Herrera soon broke away from the timid style and Italian traditions of Spanish painting of his day, and became the pioneer of that bold, vigorous, effective, and natural style whose preeminent exponent was Velázquez. Herrera was the first to use long brushes, which may, in part, account for his "modern" technique and dexterous brushwork. Many authorities ascribe to him the foundation of the Spanish School. His great talent brought him many pupils, whom his passionate temper and rough manners soon drove away. Velázquez, when thirteen years old, was placed under this great professor, and remained a year with him. Herrera, who was an accomplished worker in bronze, engraved medals skilfully. This gave rise to the charge of counterfeiting, and he fled for sanctuary to the Jesuit College, for which he painted "The Triumph of St. Hermengild", a picture so impressive that when Philip IV saw it (1621) he immediately pardoned the painter. Herrera thereupon returned to Seville. His ungoverned temper soon drove his son to Rome and his daughter to a nunnery. Herrera's pictures are full of energy, the drawing is good and the colouring so cleverly managed that the figures stand out in splendid relief. Many of his small easel pictures, in oil, represent fairs, dances, interiors of inns, and deal with the intimate life of Spain. His large works are nearly all religious. In Seville he painted a "St. Peter" for the cathedral and a "Last Judgment" for the Church of San Bernardo, the latter being considered his masterpiece. After executing many commissions in his native town he removed to Madrid (1650), where he won great renown. In the archiepiscopal palace are four large canvases, one of which, "Moses Smiting the Rock", is celebrated for its dramatic qualities and daring technique. In the cloister of the Merced Calzada is a noteworthy series of paintings whose subjects are drawn from the life of St. Ramon. He painted much in fresco, in which medium his best effort is believed to have been on the vault of San Bonaventura, but this, with all his other frescoes, has disappeared. None of his architectural productions are mentioned, and there remain but a few of his etchings, all of which were reproductions of his paintings. One of his pictures, "St. Basil dictating his doctrine", is in the Louvre, and another, "St. Matthew", is in the Dresden Gallery. Herrera left two sons, "el Rubio" (the ruddy) who died before he fulfilled the great promise of his youth, and "el Mozo" (the younger). He was also the godfather of the Spanish-born Portuguese painter Josefa de Óbidos.
Works
Herrera's finest paintings include "The Last Judgment" and a "Holy Family," both in churches at Seville. Others are in the Louvre, Paris. They exhibit boldness of execution with faultless technique. He is known as El viejo, "the elder," to distinguish him from his son Francisco Herrera the Younger, also a noted painter. Among his pupils was Ignacio de Iriarte and a young Diego Velázquez. Among his other works are:
San Diego (Saint James) (1637), Madrid, private collection
Bebedor (1626), Worcester Art Museum
Job (1636), 215 x 151 cm., Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rouen.
La Parentela de Jesús, Museum of Fine Arts in Bilbao
San Basilio dictando su doctrina (1639), 243 x 194 cm, Louvre
Milagro del Pan y de los Peces (1647), Archbishop's Palace, Madrid
Ciego tocando la zampoña (1650), Kunsthistorische Museum, Vienna
References
External links
Biographie of Francisco Herrera the Elder at the Web Gallery of Art
Francisco Herrera the Elder on Artcyclopedia
Scholarly articles in English about Francisco de Herrera, the Elder both in web and PDF @ the Spanish Old Masters Gallery
1576 births
1656 deaths
16th-century Spanish painters
Spanish male painters
17th-century Spanish painters
Spanish Baroque painters
Spanish Roman Catholics
Painters from Seville
Catholic painters |
This is a list of the mayors of the Nicosia Municipality and their years of service.
Pre-Independence (1882–1959)
Christodoulos Severis, 15 November 1882 – 31 July 1888.
Achilleas Liassides, 1 August 1888 – 10 April 1906.
Antonios Theodotou, 8 January 1888 – 10 April 1906.
Mehmet Şevket Bey, 11 April 1908 – 31 March 1911.
Antonios Theodotou, 1924–26
George Markides, 6 April 1926 – 31 March 1929.
Themistoclis Dervis, 5 April 1929 – 28 September 1946.
Ioannis Clerides, 1 June 1946 – 31 May 1949 (last elected Mayor until 1986).
Themistoclis Dervis, 1 June 1949 – 18 December 1959.
Post-Independence (1959–74)
Diomedes Skettos, 1959–60.
George M. Spanos, 1960–62; 1963–64.
Odysseas Ioannides, 1964–70.
Lellos Demetriades, December 1971 – July 1974 (dismissed by the July 15 Coup)
After 1974
Christoforos Kithreotis, August 1974
Lellos Demetriades, October 1974 – 2001 (Elected in 1986; reelected in 1991 and 1996)
Michael Zampelas, 2002–06
Eleni Mavrou, 2007–11
Constantinos Yiorkadjis, 2011–present.
See also
List of mayors of Nicosia Turkish Municipality
Lists of mayors |
Muhammad Sabani (born October 15, 1977) is an Indonesian professional football coach and former player who plays as a goalkeeper.
Personal life
Sabani is married to Melysa Fitri and has two children, Falah and Balqis. He started his career by joining the Mercu Buana football team in Medan. Before he became a football player, Sabani was a tea courier boy. He delivered tea bottles to the Mercu Buana dormitory and by chance met a local coach who offered to train him as a goal keeper. Before a year had passed, he was accepted as a player in PSMS Medan in 1998.
Career statistics
References
External links
1977 births
Men's association football goalkeepers
Living people
Indonesian men's footballers
Liga 1 (Indonesia) players
PSMS Medan players
PS Barito Putera players
Petrokimia Putra players
Persija Jakarta players
Persmin Minahasa players
Persijap Jepara players
Persiraja Banda Aceh players
Persik Kediri players
PSAP Sigli players
Indonesian Premier Division players
Association football goalkeeping coaches
Footballers from Medan |
Ivan William Thrasher (May 21, 1914 – January 21, 2011) was a politician in Ontario, Canada. He served as a Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1964 to 1967. He represented the riding of Windsor—Sandwich in the government of John Robarts.
Background
Thrasher was born Amherstburg, Ontario near Windsor, Ontario. He was one of eight children in the family of William and Ruby Thrasher. In 1940, he joined the Canadian Armed Forces and served in the 1st and 2nd Regiments, participating in both the Italian campaign and the liberation of Holland. After returning to Canada, he began a turkey farm, then a successful real estate business.
He married Orpha Miller in 1946 and together they raised five children in Cottam, Ontario and Ruthven, Ontario.
Politics
Thrasher ran for office in the 1963 provincial election as the Progressive Conservative candidate in the riding of Windsor—Sandwich. He was defeated by Liberal incumbent Maurice Bélanger by 999 votes. When Bélanger died in 1964, Thrasher ran to replace him in a by-election. He defeated Liberal candidate Archibald Gignac by 829 votes. Thrasher served as a backbench supporter in the majority PC government led by Premier John Robarts. In the 1967 election, Thrasher ran in the redistributed riding of Windsor West. He came in third, trailing the winner, NDP candidate Hugh Peacock, by 1,884 votes.
Later life
After leaving politics, he returned to his farm where he bred and raced thoroughbred horses. His farm was called 'Lucky T. Stud'. He died in 2011 at the age of 96.
References
External links
1914 births
2011 deaths
Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario MPPs |
Waldensian Church and Cemetery of Stone Prairie (The Waldensian Presbyterian Church and Cemetery) is a historic Waldensian church located near Monett, Barry County, Missouri.
History
In 1875, the Monett congregation was among the first Waldensian congregations to be established in the United States by some 40 settlers, including a few who had formed the first Waldensian settlement in South America in Uruguay in the 1850s. Led by the Waldensian minister Jean Pierre Michelin Salomon, a native of the Pellice Valley of northwestern Italy, this contingent left South America in early 1875, fleeing civil war in the Uruguayan countryside, traveling first back to Europe then across the Northern Atlantic to New York and by train to southern Missouri. The original congregation was composed mainly of patois-speaking Piedmontese immigrants. Waldensians living in the Cottian Alps region of Northern Italy continued to migrate to Monett until the early 1900s. The original colony was augmented by French-speaking Protestants who arrived from France and Switzerland. Both the Monett congregation and a more recent, larger settlement located in Valdese, North Carolina, use the name Waldensian Presbyterian Church. The original frame meeting house in Monett was constructed in 1875 and was replaced in 1908 by the current church building. There is an adjacent Waldensian cemetery.
The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
References
External links
French-American culture in Missouri
Italian-American culture in Missouri
Presbyterian churches in Missouri
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Missouri
Churches completed in 1908
Buildings and structures in Barry County, Missouri
Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in Missouri
Swiss-American history
Uruguayan American
Waldensianism
National Register of Historic Places in Barry County, Missouri
1875 establishments in Missouri |
Golyshmanovsky District () is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-two in Tyumen Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Golyshmanovsky Municipal District. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Golyshmanovo. Population: 26,747 (2010 Census); The population of the administrative center accounts for 51.0% of the district's total population.
Geography
Golyshmanovsky District is located in the south-central region of Tyumen OblastThe terrain is flat plain with a forest-steppe landscape. There are a large number of lakes (160 by one count) in rounded depressions. The lakes and the weak ridges between them follow the general course of ancient runoff to the northeast. About one-fourth of the land is arable cropland, and another fourth is pasture and meadow. The absolute height above sea level is 90-120 meters. The district is in the drainage of the Ishim River (to the east). The administrative center is the town of Golyshmanovo. Golyshmanovsky District is 215 km southeast of the city of Tyumen, 50 km west of the city of Ishim, and 1,850 km east of Moscow. The area measures 95 km (north-south), 65 km (west-east); total area is 4,100 km2 (about 0.003% of Tyumen Oblast).
The district is bordered on the north by Aromashevsky District, on the east by Ishimsky District, on the south by Armizonsky District and Berdyuzhsky District, and on the west by Omutinsky District.
History
The first recorded settlement by Russians was in 1698 by ""the Tobolsk son Boyar Ivan Bobrowski and his comrades" who built a fortification at the confluence of the Vagay River and the Gremyachey River. During the 1700s, the area attracted immigrants, from Central Russia, seeking free land and absence of serfdom.
Golyshmanovsky District was officially formed in November 1923 as part of the Ishimsky district of the Ural Region. After a brief move to Chelyabinsk region in 1934 and then to Omsk Oblast for 1934-1944, the district was finally transferred to Tymen Oblast in 1944.
References
Notes
Sources
Districts of Tyumen Oblast |
Kelp Point () is a point fringed by kelp, marking the south side of the entrance to Husvik Harbor, the southern arm of Stromness Bay, on the north coast of South Georgia. It was charted and named by Discovery Investigations personnel in the period 1926–30.
References
Headlands of South Georgia |
Dubrovka () is a station on the Moscow Metro's Lyublinsko–Dmitrovskaya line. Originally the station was to open along with the first stage of the Lyublinsky radius in 1995. However, it could not be opened because of problems with building an escalator tunnel in tough hydrological conditions. However, as the station is in the middle of an industrial zone, due to the economic difficulties of the late 1990s that hit Russia, most of these recently privatised industries were very short of finances and their production output was likewise stalled. This was enough to prevent additional heating of the frozen earth and finally on 11 December 1999 the Moscow's mayor Yury Luzhkov opened the station. At a depth of 62.5 metres the station became the deepest in Moscow (until being beaten by Park Pobedy in 2003). The station in its design is identical to its neighbour Krestyanskaya Zastava where both are wall-columned with no underplatform service spaces.
With no solid theme, the station (work of architects Ye.Barsky, V.Fillipov and S.Belyakova) is decorated with bright monochromatic marble on the columns and walls. The floor is covered in red and black granite. The station is decorated by a bright mosaic in the end of the central hall (artist Zurab Tsereteli). The vestibule of the station is interlinked with a subway network under the Sharikopodshipnikovskaya street, with modern glazed metal and concrete pavilions. The average passenger traffic is 14,400 people per day. Behind the station there is a piston junction used for emergency reversals of trains.
Gallery
External links
Metro.ru
MosMetro.ru
MyMetro.ru
News.Metro.ru
KartaMetro.info – Station location and exits on Moscow map (English/Russian)
Moscow Metro stations
Railway stations in Russia opened in 1995
Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya Line
Railway stations located underground in Russia |
Cynoglossus capensis, commonly known as the sand tonguesole, is a species of tonguefish.
Description
This slender wish grows up to long. It is pale brown with small brown spots and blotches, with paler sections in between. This colouration allows it to blend into the sea floor. As with other tonguefishes, the eyes are both on the left side of the body.
Similar species
This species may be confused with Cynoglossus zanzibarensis, which has red spots on the dorsal and anal fins.
Distribution and habitat
It is commonly found in southeastern Atlantic Ocean off the south western coast of Africa from the Cunene River to the Cape of Good Hope. It is normally found at depths of no greater than , but it has also been reported on the continental slope. It has been recorded at depths of up to . It is most common in areas where the sea floor is covered in fine sand or mud.
Ecology
The sand tonguefish feeds on benthic invertebrates. It is known to be an important prey species for the cape fur seal around Plettenberg Bay.
Fisheries
This species is targeted by sole fisheries, as well as being caught as bycatch by other demersal trawl fisheries.
Conservation
This species is currently listed as being data deficient by the IUCN.
References
Cynoglossidae
Fish described in 1858
Fish of South Africa
Fish of Namibia
Data deficient species |
The St. Albans Shale is a geologic formation in Vermont. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.
See also
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Vermont
Paleontology in Vermont
References
Cambrian geology of Vermont
Cambrian southern paleotemperate deposits |
At least three ships of the Peruvian Navy have been named BAP Gálvez or BAP Teniente Gálvez:
, was a launched in 1943 as USS Woonsocket she was transferred to Peru in 1948 named initially as Teniente Gálvez and subsequently Gálvez. She was stricken in 1961.
, was an launched in 1944 as USS Ruddy she was transferred to Peru in 1960. In 1975 she was transferred to the Peruvian Coast guard
, was a launched in 1954 as HNLMS Groningen she was transferred to Peru in 1981 serving until being decommissioned in 1991
Peruvian Navy ship names |
Arianna Farfaletti Casali (born 22 June 1976) is a former Italian-born Swiss female pole vaulter.
Biography
She won three national championships at senior level, her personal best 4.42 m, set in Busto Arsizio 2008, that was national record, is still the 4th best Italian performance of all-time (3rd outdoor). In 2008 her measure was also the 42nd world best performance of the year in the IAAF season's lists.
National records
Pole vault: 4.42 m ( Busto Arsizio, 21 September 2008) - holder till 17 May 2009 (broken by Anna Giordano Bruno)
National titles
Italian Athletics Championships
Pole vault: 2000, 2003, 2006
See also
Italian all-time lists - Pole vault
References
External links
}
1976 births
Living people
Italian female pole vaulters
People from Sorengo |
```javascript
// flow-typed signature: 461d03b42b64c627f96550958f7285df
// flow-typed version: <<STUB>>/rollup-plugin-filesize_v^6.0.1/flow_v0.54.1
/**
* This is an autogenerated libdef stub for:
*
* 'rollup-plugin-filesize'
*
* Fill this stub out by replacing all the `any` types.
*
* Once filled out, we encourage you to share your work with the
* community by sending a pull request to:
* path_to_url
*/
declare module 'rollup-plugin-filesize' {
declare module.exports: any;
}
/**
* We include stubs for each file inside this npm package in case you need to
* require those files directly. Feel free to delete any files that aren't
* needed.
*/
declare module 'rollup-plugin-filesize/dist/index' {
declare module.exports: any;
}
declare module 'rollup-plugin-filesize/src/index' {
declare module.exports: any;
}
// Filename aliases
declare module 'rollup-plugin-filesize/dist/index.js' {
declare module.exports: $Exports<'rollup-plugin-filesize/dist/index'>;
}
declare module 'rollup-plugin-filesize/src/index.js' {
declare module.exports: $Exports<'rollup-plugin-filesize/src/index'>;
}
``` |
The World Colored Heavyweight Championship was a title awarded to black boxers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This was the only recognized heavyweight championship available to black boxers prior to Jack Johnson winning the world heavyweight title in 1908. The title continued to exist until the reign of Joe Louis as universally recognized champ, as the color bar against black heavyweights was enforced during and for a generation after Jack Johnson's reign as world champ.
Drawing the color line
Though not sanctioned by any governing body, the colored heavyweight title was publicly recognized due to the color bar in pro boxing in the 19th and early 20th centuries, when white champions drew the color line and would not defend the title against a black man. In the heavyweight division, the color bar was adamantly defended by "The Boston Strong Boy", bare-knuckle boxing champ John L. Sullivan, the first modern heavyweight champ, who had fought black fighters on his way up to the title but would not defend it against a black man.
Succeeding white heavyweight champs James Corbett and James J. Jeffries followed the same pattern. Since the white champs had fought black fighters as equals on their way up, the color bar undeniably was maintained due to racial prejudice. Since black boxers were being denied a shot at the world title solely due to their race, the general public gave credence to the colored heavyweight title.
Maintaining the color bar
The color bar remained in force even after African-American heavyweight title holder Jack Johnson won the world's heavyweight title in 1908, thus ensuring the colored title remained the ultimate prize for all other black boxers.
Once he was the world's heavyweight champ, Johnson (who relinquished the colored title) never fought black opponents, either. He denied matches to black heavyweights Joe Jeanette (his successor as colored heavyweight champ) and Sam Langford (who beat Jeanette for the colored title) and the young Harry Wills (who was colored heavyweight champ during the last year of Johnson's reign as world's heavyweight champ). Blacks were not given a shot at the title allegedly because such top boxing promoters as Tex Rickard believed that a fight between two black boxers would not draw at the gate.
Johnson, Jeanette & Langford
Jack Johnson fought Joe Jeanette a total of seven times, all during his reign as colored champ before he became the world's heavyweight champion, winning four times and drawing twice (three of the victories and one draw were newspaper decisions). In their first match on 1905, they had fought to a draw, but in their second match on 25 November 1905, Johnson lost as he was disqualified in the second round of a scheduled six-round fight. Johnson continued to claim the title because of the disqualification.
After Johnson became the first African-American Heavyweight Champion of the World on December 26, 1908, his World Colored Heavyweight Championship was vacated. Jeanette fought Sam McVey for the title in Paris on February 20, 1909, and was beaten, but later took the title from McVey in a 49-round bout on April 17 of that year in Paris for a purse of $6,000 (). Sam Langford subsequently claimed the title during Jeanette's reign after Johnson refused to defend the World Heavyweight Championship against him. Eighteen months later, Jeanrette lost the title to Langford.
Johnson never again fought Jeanette despite numerous challenges and avoided Langford, whom he had fought once while he was the colored champ and beaten him very severely on points in a 15-rounder. In August 1914, as Johnson neared the end of his troubled reign, there were reports that Johnson had agreed to fight Langford for the world heavyweight title in Paris, but nothing came of it.
After losing his world heavyweight championship, Johnson never again fought for the colored heavyweight crown.
Because great boxers of the era were barred from fighting for the heavyweight championship because of racism, Johnson’s refusal to fight African-Americans offended the African-American community, since the opportunity to fight top white boxers was rare. Jeanette criticized Johnson, saying, "Jack forgot about his old friends after he became champion and drew the color line against his own people."
Black Heavyweight Championship
The Black Heavyweight Championship was a title in pretense claimed by Klondike Haynes and later by Frank Childs, a two-time holder of the World Colored Heavyweight title.
Proposed World Boxing Council title
The World Boxing Council attempted to create a similar championship in 2004 called the All African World Championship, which would be open to boxers of African descent from any country as well as boxers of any race living in Africa. This proposal was met with worldwide criticism, and the World Boxing Council ultimately abandoned the idea.
List of champions
Eighteen men were recognized as World Colored Heavyweight Champion, combining for 28 total reigns.
See also
World Colored Light Heavyweight Championship
World Colored Middleweight Championship
World Colored Welterweight Championship
Black Heavyweight Championship
World White Heavyweight Championship
References
Defunct boxing titles
Black culture |
Gambian nationality law is regulated by the Constitution of The Gambia, as amended; The Gambia Nationality and Citizenship Act, and its revisions; and various international agreements to which the country is a signatory. These laws determine who is, or is eligible to be, a national of The Gambia. The legal means to acquire nationality, formal legal membership in a nation, differ from the domestic relationship of rights and obligations between a national and the nation, known as citizenship. Nationality describes the relationship of an individual to the state under international law, whereas citizenship is the domestic relationship of an individual within the nation. Gambian nationality is typically obtained under the principle of jus sanguinis, born to parents with Gambian nationality. It can be granted to persons with an affiliation to the country, or to a permanent resident who has lived in the country for a given period of time through naturalisation.
Acquisition of nationality
Nationality can be acquired in The Gambia at birth or later in life through naturalization.
By birth
Those who acquire nationality at birth include:
Children born anywhere who have at least one parent who is a national of Gambian origin.
By naturalisation
Naturalisation can be granted to persons who have resided in the territory of The Gambia for a sufficient period of time to confirm they understand the customs and traditions of the society" Also by having an intimate relationship". General provisions are that applicants have good character and conduct; are able to economically support themselves and their family; and intend to permanently reside in the territory. Applicants must typically have resided in the country for fifteen years. The law makes no provision for children adopted by Gambians, or children who live in the Gambia, but whose parents are unknown. Renunciation of other nationality is required for applicants to receive Gambian nationality. Besides foreigners meeting the criteria, other persons who may be naturalised include:
The spouse of a Gambian national after seven years of residency; or
Minor children can be automatically naturalised when their parent acquires nationality.
Loss of nationality
Gambian nationals can renounce their nationality pending approval by the state. Nationals may be denaturalised in The Gambia for performing acts, like voting, which are afforded to citizens of another country; committing serious crimes; committing crimes against the state or state security; or for fraud, misrepresentation, or concealment in a naturalization petition. Persons who previously had nationality and wish to repatriate if they lost their status because of dual nationality are permitted to naturalise.
Dual nationality
Dual nationality has been allowed in The Gambia since 2001 for Gambians born in The Gambia. Naturalised persons are not allowed to have other nationalities. The president of the country is required to be of Gambian descent.
Commonwealth citizenship
Gambian citizens are also Commonwealth citizens as well.
History
European period (1493–1821)
The papal bull Romanus Pontifex issued by Pope Nicholas V confirmed Portugal's exclusive right to the west coast of Africa, which was reconfirmed in the Inter caetera issued in 1493 by Pope Alexander VI. After the death of King Henry in 1580, Portugal suffered a succession crisis. António, Prior of Crato was one of the claimants to the throne and to raise money to support his claim and pay his debts, he sold the exclusive rights for ten years to trade along the Senegal and Gambia Rivers, to Anthony Dassell, a London merchant operating on the Barbary Coast, and a group of merchants from Barnstaple, Colyton, Exeter and London for £400. Queen Elizabeth of England confirmed by letters patent the grant on 3 May 1588. Even after Philip II claimed the Portuguese throne, António continued to put forth that he owned the banks of the rivers in Senegambia, though the Portuguese settlers in the area strongly opposed the infringement of their trade monopoly. When the agreed-to term expired a decade later, Elizabeth granted a trade monopoly along the Gambia River to Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham and John Stanhope, 1st Baron Stanhope in January 1598, which was granted in 1618, by James I to Robert Rich, 1st Earl of Warwick and a consortium of London merchants. Rich and his partners founded the Company of Adventurers of London and founded Fort James on James Island, the first British settlement in the Gambia. By 1620 British settlements had expanded upriver and inland, to a village named Oranto, which was later known as Tobabkunda, but their venture failed by 1624 and subsequent explorers focused on the areas which would become the Gold Coast.
In 1621, the Dutch acquired Gorée island to establish a base in Senegambia for the Dutch East India Company. In 1631, Charles I extended the commercial charter to another British trading and colonizing conglomerate, and his successor Charles II of England granted another in 1651. Two expeditions were sent and a British trading post was founded at in 1652. Also in 1651, Jacob Kettler, Duke of Courland, in present-day Latvia, purchased James Island (known then as St. Andrew's Island) and land concessions at Banyon Point (now Half Die), Jufureh, and Kassang Hill (aka Gassan). He established a fort on the island and another at Banyon Point, sending colonists and missionaries to found permanent settlements. During the Polish-Swedish War, Kettler was imprisoned in Sweden in 1658, and in 1659 the Dutch agreed to take over Kettler's properties in The Gambia and in Tobago until he was released. In 1660, a French privateer captured the fort and plundered the island. The Dutch recaptured it, but then retreated to their stronghold at Gorée. The following year, British explorers retook the fort, and reinstated the name Fort James.
By 1662, the Dutch had taken the original Portuguese settlements in Africa and the Americas and conflict escalated into war between Britain and the Netherlands. Reinforcements were sent to Fort James and the British were able to take all of the Dutch forts in the region except the ones at Axim and Elmina. At the conclusion of the war in 1667, under terms of the Treaty of Breda, each side primarily retained what was in their possession and the British agreed to accept the Dutch principle of free trade. Conflict with the French followed with both sides capturing possessions of the other and then recapturing their former possessions. By 1749, the British had nine settlements in The Gambia. Between 1660 and 1752, the Royal Adventurers of England Trading to Africa, which became the Royal African Company in 1672, maintained the presence at Fort James. Then from 1750 to 1821, the Company of Merchants Trading to Africa based from the island. The British territories in the Gambia were acquired and lost multiple times to the French over the next one hundred years, though per the 1783 Treaty of Versailles British ownership was confirmed. In 1816, British Army captain, Alexander Grant negotiated a land cession from the Kombo chieftain on Banjul Island. He established the British town of Bathurst on St. Mary's Island and constructed barracks, government buildings, and harbor facilities.
British period (1821–1965)
In 1821, the British government took over the administration of the Gambia from the Company of Merchants. The new Crown Colony was administered from Bathurst until 1829, when Gambian administration was placed within the Colony of Sierra Leone. Between 1843 and 1866 the Gambia was a separate colony and then rejoined with Sierra Leone until 1888. In 1888, the Gambia again became a separate colony. Between 1890 and 1901 the administrator negotiated with local chieftainships for the cession of additional territory along the Gambia River. In 1902, Bathurst and Kombo St. Mary were established as the Gambia Colony and the other territories formed the Gambia Protectorate. Both were administered by the Governor of the Gambia Colony and Protectorate. In Britain, allegiance, in which subjects pledged to support a monarch, was the precursor to the modern concept of nationality. The crown recognised from 1350 that all persons born within the territories of the British Empire were subjects. Those born outside the realm — except children of those serving in an official post abroad, children of the monarch, and children born on a British sailing vessel — were considered by common law to be foreigners. Marriage did not affect the status of a subject of the realm. Nationality laws passed by the British Parliament were extended only to the Kingdom of Great Britain, and later the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. When British protectorates were established in 1815, there was little difference between the rights of British subjects and protected persons.
Persons in the Gambia Colony and British-born subjects living in the Gambia Protectorate (1914–1965)
In 1911, at the Imperial Conference a decision was made to draft a common nationality code for use across the empire. The British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914 allowed local jurisdictions in the self-governing Dominions to continue regulating nationality in their territories, but also established an imperial nationality scheme throughout the realm. The uniform law, which went into effect on 1 January 1915, required a married woman to derive her nationality from her spouse, meaning if he was British, she was also, and if he was foreign, so was she. It stipulated that upon loss of nationality of a husband, a wife could declare that she wished to remain British and provided that if a marriage had terminated, through death or divorce, a British-born national who had lost her status through marriage could reacquire British nationality through naturalisation without meeting a residency requirement. The statute reiterated common law provisions for natural-born persons born within the realm on or after the effective date. By using the word person, the statute nullified legitimacy requirements for jus soli nationals. For those born abroad on or after the effective date, legitimacy was still required, and could only be derived by a child from a British father (one generation), who was natural-born or naturalised. Naturalisations required five years residence or service to the crown.
Amendments to the British Nationality Act were enacted in 1918, 1922, 1933 and 1943 changing derivative nationality by descent and modifying slightly provisions for women to lose their nationality upon marriage. Because of a rise in statelessness, a woman who did not automatically acquire her husband's nationality upon marriage or upon his naturalisation in another country, did not lose their British status after 1933. The 1943 revision allowed a child born abroad at any time to be a British national by descent if the Secretary of State agreed to register the birth. Under the terms of the British Nationality Act 1948 British nationals in The Gambia Colony were reclassified at that time as "Citizens of the UK and Colonies" (CUKC). The basic British nationality scheme did not change overmuch, and typically those who were previously defined as British remained the same. Changes included that wives and children no longer automatically acquired the status of the husband or father, children who acquired nationality by descent no longer were required to make a retention declaration, and registrations for children born abroad were extended.
Indigenous persons (British Protected Persons) in the Gambia Protectorate (1914–1965)
British protectorates, in 1914, were considered to be foreign territories lacking an internal government. When Britain extended this status over a territory, it took responsibility for both internal and external administration, including defense and foreign relations. Indigenous persons who were born in a protectorate were known as British Protected Persons (BPP) and were not entitled to be British nationals. BPPs had no right of return to the United Kingdom and were unable to exercise rights of citizenship; however, they could be issued a passport and could access diplomatic services when traveling abroad. In 1914, the Alien Restriction Act clarified that while BPPs were not nationals, neither were they aliens. When the law was amended in 1919, that provision remained the same, meaning that BPPs could not naturalise. Until 1934, when the British Protected Persons Order was drafted, the status of BPP was not statutory, but rather granted at the prerogative of the monarch. Under the 1934 Order, Belonger status with regard to protected territories was defined to mean persons born before or after the Order in a protectorate who possessed no nationality and were not a British subject, or persons born abroad to a native of a protectorate who were stateless and not British subjects. The statute extended BPP status to children and wives of BPPs, if they were stateless, and specifically provided that if a woman married someone who was a national of another nation, she lost her BPP status.
In 1943, the British Nationality Act clarified that BPPs born abroad in territories that were within the Crown's dominions were British subjects by virtue of jus soli, but those born within a protectorate were not subjects. Under the terms of the British Nationality Act 1948, BPPs of the Gambia Protectorate status did not change. However, the Act, while retaining the provisions that BPPs were not aliens and could not naturalise, allowed BPPs to register as BPP of a protected place or as a British subject under certain conditions. In 1949, the British Protectorates, Protected States and Protected Persons Order in Council repealed former orders about BPPs and detailed provisions for conferring protected status. It provided that protected persons were BPPs of a protectorate if they were born there; if they were born abroad to a father who was a native of a protectorate; or if at the time of their birth their father was a BPP. It also allowed women married to BPPs to register as a BPP and allowed certain nationals of foreign countries to register as BPPs. Minor changes to protected persons' status were made by Orders of Council in 1952, 1953, 1958, 1960, 1961, and 1962, but major changes did not occur until 1965.
Under the 1965 Order, the provisions of the 1949 order were retained, but new provisions for BPPs at birth included as BPPS, persons who would, except for the death of their father, have become BPPs; persons born aboard a ship or aircraft registered in a protectorate or unregistered but owned by the government of a protectorate; and foundlings discovered in a protectorate. In addition, stateless persons born prior to 28 January 1949 were allowed to register as BPPs if either of their parents were, or would have been except for death, BPPs on that date. Stateless persons born after that date could register if their parents were BPPs at the time of the child's birth. The Gambia Colony and Gambia Protectorate terminated on 18 February 1965, when The Gambia became an independent nation.
Post-independence (1965–present)
Those who gained nationality and ceased to be British subjects on Independence Day were any person born in The Gambia on or before 17 February 1965 who had been either a CUKC or BPP of The Gambia, except persons who neither had a parent or grandparent born in The Gambia. Persons who had been registered or naturalised in the Colony were also granted Gambian nationality. It also conferred nationality upon women who were married to Gambian nationals or whose spouse would have become a Gambian national except for his death. The 1965 Constitution allowed children to only acquire nationality through their father. It allowed foreigners to naturalise after completing a residency of five years and wives of Gambian nationals to acquire the nationality of their spouse by registration. Subsequent to independence, the Gambia enacted the Nationality and Citizenship Act of 1965. The 1970 Constitution changed the form of government from a monarchy to a republic, but retained the same nationality provisions. Under the 1997 Constitution of The Gambia children were able to derive nationality from either parent. The changes that year also allowed both foreign husbands and wives to acquire nationality by marriage to a Gambian spouse after a seven-year residency. A provision in the 1997 Constitution allowed for foundlings to derive Gambian nationality, but a constitutional amendment in 2001 removed the provision. The 2001 amendment allowed persons born, but not those naturalised in The Gambia to have other nationalities.
In 2010, President Yahya Jammeh proclaimed, without making legal provisions, that Black African descents willing to settle in The Gambia could acquire Gambian nationality. Approximately 100 persons relocated to the territory, but have been unable to acquire nationality. In 2017, a new constitution was drafted which was submitted in 2020 to the National Assembly, after public consultation. Its provisions would have allowed adoptees to gain nationality from their Gambian parents, equalised requirements for children born anywhere to Gambian parents (or who had one native Gambian grandparent), reduced the residency period for foreigners married to Gambians to five years, allow naturalised persons to keep other nationality, and provided nationality to foundlings and orphans under eight years old whose parents were unknown. The proposal did not receive the requisite three-quarters support from the legislators to allow it to formally be approved and submitted to a referendum.
Notes
References
Citations
Bibliography
The Gambia and the Commonwealth of Nations
Nationality law
Law of the Gambia |
Huron East was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1882 to 1917. It was located in the province of Ontario. This riding was created from parts of Huron Centre, Huron North and Huron South ridings.
The East Riding of the county of Huron was initially defined to consist of the townships of Howick, Turnberry, Grey and Morris, the town of Wingham, and the villages of Brussels, Blyth and Wroxeter.
In 1903, it was expanded to include the township of Wawanosh East.
The electoral district was abolished in 1914 when it was merged into Huron North riding.
Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following Members of Parliament:
Election results
|}
|}
|}
|}
|}
|}
|}
|}
See also
List of Canadian federal electoral districts
Historical federal electoral districts of Canada
External links
Riding history from the Library of Parliament
Former federal electoral districts of Ontario |
The Social Affairs and Health Committee of the Economic, Social and Cultural Council for the African Union is responsible for:
Health
Children
Drug control
Population
Migration
Labor and employment
Family
Aging
The physically challenged
Sports
Youth and protection
Social integration
The Chairperson of the Committee is Helder Francisco Malauene
Sectoral Cluster Committees of the Economic, Social and Cultural Council
Health in Africa
Parliamentary committees on Healthcare |
Gümüşkavak is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Alanya, Antalya Province, Turkey. Its population is 599 (2022).
References
Neighbourhoods in Alanya District |
```javascript
The distinction between `==` and `===`
`catch` is block scoped
Detect an error type
Detect **DO NOT TRACK** status
``` |
Over Water is a small lake or tarn in the north of the English Lake District, southwest of the hamlet of Longlands. Binsey, Great Cockup and Longlands Fell overlook the lake.
Over Water was a small natural waterbody which was dammed in 1904 to increase its size. It served as a reservoir supplying drinking water to the town of Wigton until October 2022. Over Water supports a range of flora including water lilies and water lobelia.
The name of the tarn has changed over time. It was recorded as 'Orre Water' in 1687, which derives from the Old Norse which means 'the lake where blackcock or grouse are found' or 'Orri's lake' ...ON 'orri' is a bird of the grouse family, but hence also a nickname and pers.[onal] n.[ame]."
While there are public footpaths in the area, there is no public access to the lake itself as it is Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). The lake is owned by the National Trust, while the shore is privately owned by a number of different landowners.
It is notable for being a feeding place for the Ospreys which breed beside Bassenthwaite Lake. Ospreys are still extremely rare breeding birds in England. There is an official Osprey viewpoint at Dodd Wood in the locality.
References
Reservoirs in Cumbria
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Cumbria
Allerdale |
The 1939 Brooklyn Dodgers season was their tenth in the league. The team failed to improve on their previous season's output of 4–4–3, losing six games. They failed to qualify for the playoffs for the eighth consecutive season. The October 22 game against Philadelphia was the first NFL game to be televised.
NFL draft
Schedule
Standings
References
Brooklyn Dodgers (NFL) seasons
Brooklyn Dodgers (NFL)
Brooklyn
1930s in Brooklyn
Flatbush, Brooklyn |
Philip Brunelle (born July 1, 1943) is an American choral scholar, conductor and organist. He is the founder of VocalEssence. In the course of an international career as a choral and opera conductor Brunelle has been awarded Commander of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit and made an Honorary Member of the Order of the British Empire as well as receiving Hungary's Kodály Medal, the Ohtli medal from Mexico, and Sweden's Royal Order of the Polar Star. He has received honorary doctoral degrees from Gustavus Adolphus College, St. John's University (Collegeville, MN), St. Olaf College, United Theological Seminary, and the University of Minnesota.
Life and career
Brunelle was born in Faribault, Minnesota and studied at the University of Minnesota School of Music. His father, an Evangelical United Brethren minister, died when he was 13. While still in his teens, Brunelle worked as a professional church organist, and at the age of 19 he became a full-time member of the Minnesota Orchestra as a pianist and percussionist. At the age of 25, Brunelle was appointed choirmaster of Plymouth Congregational Church in Minneapolis, a position which he has held since 1969 and which led to the founding of VocalEssence (originally called the Plymouth Music Series). In 1969, he also became the music director of the Minnesota Opera. During his 17 years with the company, he introduced many new works, including three operas by Dominick Argento under whom he had studied at the University of Minnesota.
References
External links
Interview with Philip Brunelle. A Prairie Home Companion (February 17, 2011)
American classical organists
American male organists
American male conductors (music)
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Place of birth missing (living people)
1943 births
Living people
Classical musicians from Minnesota
21st-century American conductors (music)
21st-century organists
21st-century American male musicians
21st-century American keyboardists
American choral conductors
Male classical organists
Ohtli Award winners |
The 37th Indian Infantry Brigade was an Infantry formation of the Indian Army during the Second World War. It was formed in June 1941, at Quetta in India and assigned to the 14th Indian Infantry Division. The brigade was then assigned to the 23rd Indian Infantry Division in June 1942. It remained with the 23rd Division apart from an attachment to the 17th Indian Infantry Division between March and April 1944.
After the end of the Second World War, it took part in the British occupation of Indonesia during the Indonesian National Revolution.
Formation
3rd Battalion, 5th Gurkha Rifles
3rd Battalion, 3rd Gurkha Rifles
3rd Battalion, 10th Gurkha Rifles
See also
List of Indian Army Brigades in World War II
References
Brigades of India in World War II
Military units and formations in Burma in World War II |
Harry Alan J. Randall (born 18 December 1997) is an English professional rugby union player who plays as a scrum-half for Bristol Bears in Premiership Rugby. Harry Randall is the younger brother of Jake Randall, the Scarlets youngest ever player.
Club career
Randall was born in Slough, England, but moved aged four to the Amman Valley, Wales. He first played rugby at Tycroes. He played for Llandovery College and Wales under-16s. At 17 Randall joined Hartpury College and played for England under-18s.
He signed for Bristol in 2018 and was described by the Bristol Post as "one of the most exciting young talents in the country". On 16 October 2020 Randall scored a try after 15 seconds in the final of the European Rugby Challenge Cup as Bristol defeated Toulon to win their first European trophy.
International career
Randall was a member of the England under-20 team that hosted the 2016 World Rugby Under 20 Championship and came off the bench as England defeated Ireland in the final. During the 2017 Six Nations Under 20s Championship he scored tries against Wales and Scotland and started in the last game which saw England defeat Ireland to complete the grand slam. Later that year Randall started in the final of the 2017 World Rugby Under 20 Championship as England finished runners up to New Zealand.
In January 2021 he was called into the England Senior team for the 2021 Six Nations. On 4 July 2021 Randall made his debut for the senior England team starting against the United States at Twickenham. He scored a try and was named player of the match.
On 18 October 2021 Randall was named as part of England's squad for the 2021 Autumn Nations Series. However, he withdrew from the squad on 31 October due to injury. He was replaced by Northampton Saints scrum-half Alex Mitchell.
As a result of his performances in the Gallagher Premiership and European Cup Competition, Randall was again called up to the England squad for the 2022 Six Nations Championship.
International tries
References
1997 births
Living people
English rugby union players
England international rugby union players
Bristol Bears players
Rugby union players from Slough
Rugby union scrum-halves |
Liberton Tower is a four-storey, square-plan tower house in the Edinburgh suburb of Liberton, on the east side of the Braid Hills.
History
Located in Over or Upper Liberton, it was originally owned by the Dalmahoy family, whose arms appear on a carved panel on the south wall. Records of it being in their possession date back to 1453, but the provenance of the tower before that is not known.
It passed to a branch of the Forrester family of Corstorphine, before being sold to William Little, who was Provost of Edinburgh in 1586 and 1591. Provost Little built the nearby Liberton House, and the castle was abandoned in 1610, being subsequently used for agricultural storage.
Deposits of charcoal as well as smashed pottery suggest that the tower was caught up in the fighting around Edinburgh in 1650, when Cromwell invaded Edinburgh as part of the Third English Civil War. Other evidence to this effect is the removal of the parapets, damage to the tower and the finding of cannonballs in nearby fields.
Design
Liberton Tower provides a good example of a typical noble residence of its period, one of the relatively few that were not substantially altered in later centuries. Featureless except for its small, asymmetrically arranged windows, it is coated in distinctive yellow harling and has been described as "grim and ponderous". The tower is rectangular in plan, being along the east–west axis and along the north–south axis.
The 15th-century structure is well preserved and was restored in 1994. It is used for holiday lets.
See also
Restoration of castles in Scotland
References
Notes
Sources
Castles in Edinburgh
Category A listed buildings in Edinburgh
Listed castles in Scotland
Tower houses in Scotland |
The Vicus Martis Tudertium is an archaeological site in Umbria, central Italy. It is located c. south of Massa Martana, a small comune in the province of Perugia.
Origins and history
Most historians associate the site's foundation with the building of the ancient Roman road, the via Flaminia, in 220-219 BC. When the Via Flaminia was built, its western branch proceeded north from Narni (ancient Narnia), through the Vicus, to Bevagna (ancient Mevania). This branch of the road courses through a gently rolling upland plain at the foot of the Martani mountain range, an area that had been heavily populated since the middle of the Bronze Age. The eastern branch proceeded from Narni to Terni, north to Spoleto, then past Trevi and finally to Foligno, where it merged with the western branch.
The site is mentioned by name in several inscriptions, including three now found in the church of S. Maria in Pantano and its bell tower. A fourth was discovered during agricultural work in the fields by the church of S. Maria in Pantano and is now located in the small museum in the cloister of S. Maria della Pace in Massa Martana The site also appears in the ancient Roman itineraries found on the Vicarello cups, and (possibly) in the Tabula Peutingeriana. Another ancient inscription, embedded in the gate of Massa Martana, but discovered nearby, mentions work done on a road by the Roman emperor Hadrian. It is generally assumed that this refers to the Via Flaminia.
Unlike other of the towns and cities on the two branches of the old Roman road, virtually nothing of the vicus lasted to the modern period. Apart from the already noted inscriptions, the only evidence of Roman presence on the site was the building of the church of S. Maria in Pantano, which appears to have been built into the ruins of a Roman-period structure. Other nearby ruins include the viaducts at S. Giovanni de Butris, Ponte Fonnaia and Bastardo, and significant substructures near the train station at Massa Martana Scalo.
Excavation now suggests that the site was abandoned in antiquity and subsequently despoiled, with stone material being used at nearby sites, such as the medieval church of San Faustino, in the nearby Villa San Faustino frazione of Massa Martana.
Excavation
Excavation at the site has been carried out since 2008 by Dr. John D. Muccigrosso of Drew University. The work is currently being carried out as a field school.
References
External links
Bill Thayer's page on Massa Martana
Roman sites of Umbria
Former populated places in Italy
Tourist attractions in Umbria
Archaeological sites in Umbria |
Mineola is an unincorporated village and census-designated place in Mills County, Iowa, United States.
As of the 2020 census, the population of Mineola was 154.
Mineola is in the Glenwood Community School District.
Geography
Mineola is in northern Mills County, north of Glenwood, the county seat, and southeast of Council Bluffs. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Mineola CDP has an area of , all land. It sits on the east side of the valley of Keg Creek, which flows south to the Missouri River southeast of Plattsmouth, Nebraska.
Demographics
References
External links
Community website
Census-designated places in Mills County, Iowa
Census-designated places in Iowa
Unincorporated communities in Mills County, Iowa
Unincorporated communities in Iowa |
Eldorado Recording Studios is a recording studio in Burbank, California originally established in 1954 at the corner of Hollywood and Vine as a workshop for Johnny Otis. In 1987, following damage the building sustained from numerous earthquakes, Eldorado moved to the late Marvin Gaye's former studio on Sunset Boulevard, where many albums were recorded during the alternative rock and grunge-era (1989 to 1996). In 1996, the studio then relocated to its current Burbank facilities which were designed and built from the ground up by Steven Klein.
Albums or simply tracks were recorded at Eldorado by Canned Heat, Slayer, Brian Eno, Talking Heads, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Herbie Hancock, Jane's Addiction, Social Distortion, Alice in Chains, MxPx, The Offspring, Beowülf, Against Me!, Head Automatica, Avenged Sevenfold, My Chemical Romance, Anthrax, Kreator, Icehouse.
Eldorado is a full-service studio. Having served as "home base" to producer Dave Jerden from 1981 to 2004, Eldorado now caters to a variety of producers, engineers and artists.
Recordings made at Eldorado
References
External links
Recording studios in California
Music of Los Angeles
Entertainment companies based in California
Companies based in Burbank, California
Mass media companies established in 1954
1954 establishments in California |
Sayed Fazlullah Wahidi (, born: 1951) is a politician in Afghanistan. He served as the governor of Herat Province, appointed by President Hamid Karzai on 2 July 2013. Previously, he served as Kunar Governor and as the chairman of the Afghan NGOs' Coordination Bureau (ANCB), a non-profit umbrella organization of over 270 local NGOs.
Education and early life
Sayed Fazlullah Wahidi was born in Surkh Rod District of Nangarhar Province in 1951. Fazlullah studied literature at Kabul University in 1973. He claims to be Sayed (Arab), and is fluent in Dari, Pashto, and English.
Social life
Sayed Fazlullah has worked in the humanitarian relief and assistance fields in Afghanistan for over 25 years.
Wahidi served as the chairman of the Afghan NGOs' Coordination Bureau (ANCB), a non-profit umbrella organization of over 270 local NGOs. He served as the General Director and Chairman of ANCB Kabul, Afghanistan, and Peshawar, Pakistan, respectively. He was also the Director of the Afghan-German Help Coordination Office (AGHCO). He continues to represent Afghan NGOs internationally as an elected executive
committee member of the International Council of Voluntary Agencies.
Political life
Wahidi has a technocratic background who is not associated with any political party, however during the jihad period, Wahidi was associated with National Islamic Front of Afghanistan, headed by Pir Sayed Ahmad Gillani.
He was appointed as the Governor of Kunar Province on November 18, 2007, and Governor of Herat Province on July 3, 2013.
Notes
External links
Governors of Kunar Province
People from Nangarhar Province
1951 births
Pashtun people
Living people
Afghan Millat Party politicians
National Islamic Front of Afghanistan politicians |
Lighthouse is the fifth studio album by American musician David Crosby, released on October 21, 2016 by GroundUP Music. The cover was photographed at Felgueiras Lighthouse, Oporto, Portugal.
Accolades
Track listing
Personnel
David Crosby – vocals, acoustic guitar (1-5, 7, 8), guitar percussion (6), 12-string electric guitar (7)
Michael League – vocals (1-6, 8, 9), acoustic guitar (1-6, 8, 9), 12-string acoustic guitar (1, 5), electric guitar (1, 2, 4-6, 9), acoustic bass (1, 2, 5, 7, 9), hammertone guitar (2, 9), electric bass (4, 6), guitar percussion (4), baritone guitar (6, 8), 12-string electric guitar (6), double bass (8)
Cory Henry – organ (6, 8)
Bill Laurance – acoustic piano (7, 9)
Becca Stevens – vocals (9)
Michelle Willis – vocals (9)
Production
Michael League – producer
Fabrice Dupont – co-producer, recording, mixing
Patrick MacDougall – vocal recording (2, 6)
Bill Lane – assistant engineer
Rich Tosi – assistant engineer
Ed Wong – assistant engineer
Greg Calbi – mastering at Sterling Sound (New York City, New York)
David Crosby – art direction
Jan Dee – art direction
Emilia Canas Mendes – artwork
Eduardo Texeria de Souza and Bamboo Studios – photography
Charts
References
2016 albums
David Crosby albums
GroundUPmusic albums |
Charlie Lynch (1891-1968) was an Australian rugby league coach of the 1920s and 1940s. He is known as a multi-premiership-winning coach.
South Sydney
Lynch is mainly remembered as a premiership winning coach of the South Sydney club. A prodigy of the great Arthur Hennessey, Lynch took over from Alf Blair as the first grade coach in 1928, and coached to the club for 11 seasons between 1928-1934 and 1937–1940. He won a premiership in his debut year as a first grade coach in 1928, and also tasted premiership success in 1929, 1931 and 1932. After many years at the helm of South Sydney, he retired from coaching at the conclusion of the 1940 season.
St. George
As a resident of Carlton, New South Wales, he began an association with St. George, and stepped in as their first grade coach in 1947 replacing Herb Narvo from the previous year. Although Lynch was popular with players and members, the St. George club missed the finals in 1947, and Charlie Lynch was not retained by the club as coach for the 1948 season.
Accolades
Lynch was awarded Life Membership of the South Sydney Rabbitohs in 1967, and he died the following year.
References
1891 births
1968 deaths
South Sydney Rabbitohs coaches
St. George Dragons coaches |
Harrison Andreas Panayiotou (Greek: Χάρρισον Ανδρέας Παναγιώτου; born 28 October 1994) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for Gibraltar Football League club Bruno's Magpies. He represents the Saint Kitts and Nevis national team, having made his international debut in 2014.
Born in Leicester, Panayiotou joined his hometown club Leicester City as a youngster, making his first-team debut in April 2012. After loan spells at Port Vale in October 2014 and Raith Rovers in the second half of the 2015–16 season, he was released by Leicester. He joined Barrow in September 2016, and was loaned out to Salford City in March 2017. He signed with Nuneaton Borough in June 2018, before moving on to Greek side Aittitos Spata in January 2019 and then returned to the English National League with Aldershot Town in July 2019. After two seasons there, he joined Scottish Premiership side Livingston for a short spell, but returned to Aldershot Town in January 2022. He joined Maidenhead United on loan in February 2023. He joined Gibraltar club Bruno's Magpies in August 2023.
Club career
Leicester City
Panayiotou was born in Leicester, to a Greek Cypriot father, Andreas, who was involved in youth football, and a Kittian mother. He started his career at the youth academy of local club Leicester City, alongside subsequent first-team teammates Andy King, Jeffrey Schlupp, Liam Moore, Tom Parkes and Cian Bolger. His performances for the under-18 side earned him the Fans' Academy Player of the Year award for the 2011–12 season. He was part of the youth squad which won the HKFC Soccer Sevens cup in May 2013, where he scored five goals, including one in the 2–0 win over Newcastle United in the final; he was subsequently named Player of the Tournament.
After impressing in games for Leicester City Under-21 he was named as the under-21 Premier League Player of the Month for March. On 18 May 2015, Panayiotou was named Leicester City Under-21 Player of the Year, reward for an impressive season including scoring 11 goals in his last 13 games. He made his senior debut for the "Foxes" against Leeds United on the final day of the 2011–12 season at Elland Road; he replaced Lloyd Dyer in the 73rd minute and scored the winning goal in added time. He signed his first professional contract in September 2012, and in July 2014 he extended it by a further two years. On 20 October 2014, Panayioutou joined League One side Port Vale on a one-month loan. However, he did not make a first team appearance for the "Valiants" during his time at Vale Park.
On 29 January 2016, Panayiotou joined Scottish Championship club Raith Rovers on a loan until the end of the 2015–16 season. He made his league debut for Raith against Rangers on 2 February, coming on as a second-half substitute. He scored his first goal for Rovers in a 3–3 draw against with Rangers on 2 April. His next goal came in the Scottish Championship semi-final first leg play-off against Hibernian at Stark's Park on 4 May 2016; Rovers went on to lose 2–0 (2–1 on aggregate) in the return leg three days later. He was released by Leicester City at the end of the 2015–16 season.
Barrow
Panayiotou cut short a trial at Borussia Dortmund's under-23 team to sign a two-year contract with National League side Barrow in September 2016; "Bluebirds" manager Paul Cox said that "he had offers from Yeovil and Coventry and even from Salt Lake City in America, but he wanted to play here for us". He made his debut for Barrow in an FA Trophy replay against Harrogate Town on 13 December 2016. On 23 March 2017, he joined National League North side Salford City on loan until the end of the 2016–17 season. He played three games for the "Ammies".
Back with Barrow for the 2017–18 season he chose to turn down his country so as to help Adrian Pennock's side battle against relegation. The battle proved successful as Barrow finished one place and one point above the relegation zone.
Nuneaton Borough
On 25 June 2018, Panayiotou signed with National League North side Nuneaton Borough in a move that reunited him with former Leicester City youth coach Nicky Eaden. He made 20 appearances for "Boro" in the first half of the 2018–19 season, before he departed Liberty Way on 23 January 2019.
Aittitos Spata
In January 2019, Panayiotou signed for Greek Football League side Aittitos Spata. The "Invincible" were relegated at the end of the 2018–19 season after being expelled for financial problems.
Aldershot Town
On 12 July 2019, Panayiotou joined National League side Aldershot Town after a successful trial spell. He scored four goals in 30 appearances for the "Shots" in the 2019–20 season, which was permanently suspended on 26 March due to the COVID-19 pandemic in England, with Aldershot in 16th-place. He scored 12 goals from 37 appearances in the 2020–21 season, finishing as the "Shots" joint-top goalscorer.
Livingston
On 12 August 2021, Panayiotou signed a two-year deal with an option for a third year with Scottish Premiership club Livingston. He made his debut at the Almondvale Stadium in the Scottish League Cup on 14 August, coming on as a 67th-minute substitute only to be substituted himself eleven minutes later in what ended as a 1–1 draw with St Mirren; manager David Martindale said after the game that it was a mistake to play Panayiotou as he was not fit. He made his Premiership debut in a 0–0 draw with Celtic on 30 October. He made just four substitute appearances in the league for the "Lions" and his contract was mutually terminated in January 2022. Panayiotou said there was a "toxic" environment at the club.
Return to Aldershot
On 5 January 2022, Panayiotou returned to Aldershot Town on a free transfer, signing an eighteen month deal. He said it was a "no-brainer" to return to the Recreation Ground and said manager Mark Molesley had "amazing" tactical awareness and knowledge. He scored one goal in fifteen appearances in the second half of the 2021–22 season. On 17 February 2023, Panayiotou joined league rivals Maidenhead United on a one-month loan. This deal was then extended until the end of the season. He featured seventeen times for Aldershot and six times for Maidenhead during the 2022–23 season, with both clubs successfully avoiding relegation. He was released by Aldershot at the end of the season.
International career
On 8 October 2014, Panayiotou scored on his debut for Saint Kitts and Nevis in their Caribbean Cup qualifying defeat to Barbados at Stade Sylvio Cator in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
On 26 March 2015, he scored a hat-trick beginning with a penalty in the second leg of a World Cup first qualifying round tie against the Turks and Caicos Islands at the TCIFA National Academy in Providenciales; Saint Kitts and Nevis won the match 6–2 for a 12–4 aggregate victory. On 26 March 2016, he scored in a 2–0 win over Aruba which secured passage into the Second Round of qualification for the 2017 Caribbean Cup. This also meant he broke an 85-year Leicester City club record previously held by England's Ernie Hine – the Foxes' all-time leading goalscorer at international level.
Career statistics
Club
International
International goals
Scores and results list Saint Kitts and Nevis' goal tally first.
References
External links
1994 births
Living people
Men's association football forwards
English men's footballers
Saint Kitts and Nevis men's footballers
Saint Kitts and Nevis expatriate men's footballers
Saint Kitts and Nevis men's international footballers
English people of Greek Cypriot descent
English sportspeople of Saint Kitts and Nevis descent
Footballers from Leicester
English expatriate men's footballers
Leicester City F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Raith Rovers F.C. players
Barrow A.F.C. players
Salford City F.C. players
Nuneaton Borough F.C. players
Aittitos Spata F.C. players
Aldershot Town F.C. players
Livingston F.C. players
Maidenhead United F.C. players
F.C. Bruno's Magpies players
English Football League players
Scottish Professional Football League players
National League (English football) players
Football League (Greece) players
Gibraltar National League players
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
English expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Saint Kitts and Nevis expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Expatriate men's footballers in Gibraltar
English expatriate sportspeople in Gibraltar |
Ing. Oľga Algayerová, MBA, M.A. (born 13 October 1959) is a Slovak diplomat and the Executive Secretary of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. She replaced Christian Friis Bach of Denmark.
Education
Algayerová is a graduate of the University of Malta and the Open University Business School and holds a master's degree in contemporary diplomacy and an Engineer of Economy diploma from Business Faculty of the University of Economics in Bratislava.
Career
Prior to her diplomatic career, Algayerová worked in the private sector as Corporate Export Manager at Zentiva International from 2004 to 2006. From 2010 to 2012, she held the position of President of the Slovak Millennium Development Goals. From 2006 to 2010, she was State Secretary in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Before her appointment on 13 April 2017 by United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres, Algayerová was the Permanent Representative of Slovakia to the International Organizations in Vienna.
Other activities
International Gender Champions (IGC), Member
References
Slovak officials of the United Nations
Living people
1959 births
University of Malta alumni |
Narpat Singh Rajvi (born 23 January 1952, Sikar) is a senior Bharatiya Janata Party politician from the Indian state of Rajasthan. He was born to Rajvi Amar Singh, a judge, and Rani Jas Kanwar. He is married to Ratan Kanwar, the daughter of senior Indian politician and former vice-president of India late Shree Bhairon Singh Shekhawat. They have three children: one daughter, Mumal Rajvi a lawyer by profession, and two sons, Vikramaditya Singh Rajvi who is studying currently in London and Abhimanyu Singh Rajvi, the vice president of BJP Yuva Morcha in Rajasthan, much seen as a political heir to his grandfather.
He was the minister of health in the government of Rajasthan and a MLA from Chittorgarh. In 2008 and 2013 he fought elections from vidyadhar Nagar, in the latest 2013 elections Rajvi defeated the congress candidate by a huge margin of 37,920 votes. He also won the legislative assembly election in 2018.
References
http://www.rajasthan.gov.in/rajgovt/keypeopleprofile/narpatsinghrajvi.html
Living people
1952 births
People from Sikar district
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Rajasthan
Rajasthan MLAs 2018–2023 |
The 1st New Jersey Infantry Regiment was an American Civil War Union Army regiment of infantry from New Jersey that served in the Army of the Potomac.
1st New Jersey Infantry Regiment was recruited and mustered into Federal service in May 1861, and was brigaded with the 2nd New Jersey Volunteer Infantry, 3rd New Jersey Volunteer Infantry, and the 4th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry to make up what became famed as the "First New Jersey Brigade". The regiment and brigade served as the 1st Brigade of the 1st Division of the VI Corps, and participated in numerous battles from the June 27, 1862, Battle of Gaines's Mill, Virginia, to the final Union assaults on Confederate positions at Petersburg, Virginia, in April 1865.
The remnants of the regiment were mustered out in June 1865.
Notable members of the 1st New Jersey were:
Colonel William Reading Montgomery - first commander and later Brigadier General of Volunteers
Colonel Alfred Thomas Archimedes Torbert - later promoted to brigadier general and commanded the regiment's brigade.
Colonel Mark Wilkes Collet - led the regiment at the Battle of Fredericksburg and the Battle of Chancellorsville, where he was killed in action.
Lieutenant Colonel Robert McAllister - later Colonel of the 11th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry, II Corps brigade commander, and Brevet Major General of Volunteers.
Captain William Birney - later promoted to brigadier general of volunteers
Captain William Brant - Medal of Honor Recipient
Corporal Charles Ferren Hopkins - Medal of Honor Recipient
Lieutenant and Adjutant Peter Dumont Vroom, Jr. - son of a former Governor of New Jersey, and later brigadier general in the United States Regular Army.
2nd Lieutenant Camille Baquet - author of "History of the First Brigade, New Jersey Volunteers (Kearny's First New Jersey Brigade) from 1861 to 1865", a history of the brigade published in 1910.
Casualties
The 1st New Jersey lost 244 men during their service. 153 men were killed in battle or died of wounds, 91 men died of disease and other causes.
See also
List of New Jersey Civil War Units
1st New Jersey Regiment - Revolutionary War unit
References
Units and formations of the Union Army from New Jersey
1861 establishments in New Jersey |
```xml
import * as React from 'react';
import createSvgIcon from '../utils/createSvgIcon';
const AccountBrowserIcon = createSvgIcon({
svg: ({ classes }) => (
<svg xmlns="path_to_url" viewBox="0 0 2048 2048" className={classes.svg} focusable="false">
<path d="M2048 128v1664H0V128h2048zM128 256v256h1792V256H128zm1792 1408V640H128v1024h1792zm-710-464q46 26 82 62t62 79 40 93 14 102h-128q0-53-20-99t-55-82-81-55-100-20q-53 0-99 20t-82 55-55 81-20 100H640q0-52 14-101t39-93 62-80 83-62q-33-35-51-81t-19-95q0-53 20-99t55-82 81-55 100-20q53 0 99 20t82 55 55 81 20 100q0 49-18 95t-52 81zm-314-176q0 27 10 50t27 40 41 28 50 10q27 0 50-10t40-27 28-41 10-50q0-27-10-50t-27-40-41-28-50-10q-27 0-50 10t-40 27-28 41-10 50z" />
</svg>
),
displayName: 'AccountBrowserIcon',
});
export default AccountBrowserIcon;
``` |
Steve Richardson or Steven Richardson may refer to:
Steve Richardson (footballer) (born 1962), English professional footballer
Steve Richardson (puzzle designer), founder of Stave Puzzles
Steve Richardson (ice hockey) (born 1949), Canadian hockey player
Steve Richardson (politician) (born 1954), American politician
Steve Richardson (squash player), Irish squash player
Steven Richardson (golfer), (born 1966), English golfer
Steven Richardson (physicist), (born 1953), American physicist
Steven Richardson (Canadian football) (born 1996), American professional Canadian football defensive lineman
Stephen Richardson (born 1959), Australian rules footballer |
Maple Plain is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,768 at the 2010 census.
History
Maple Plain is named for the many sugar maples in its forests. Settlement of the area began in 1854 and revolved around Lake Independence to its north, and its outflow Pioneer Creek. In 1868 and 1869, the St. Paul, Pacific and Manitoba Railroad was built through Maple Plain. By 1871, Maple Plain had a post office. The city was incorporated as a village in 1912. Village water came to the town in 1939, sewer circa 1950, and blacktop in 1961.
Geography
U.S. Route 12 and Hennepin County Roads 19, 29, and 83 are four of the community's main routes. The city is boarded by Independence to the west.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of , of which is land and is water. Maple Plain is 20 miles west of Minneapolis on U.S. Highway 12. Pioneer Creek flows through Maple Plain's northwest corner.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,768 people, 723 households, and 462 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 775 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 94.2% White, 2.0% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.4% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.8% of the population.
There were 723 households, of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.4% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.1% were non-families. 29.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.94.
The median age in the city was 43.1 years. 22.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.7% were from 25 to 44; 33.4% were from 45 to 64; and 13.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.0% male and 50.0% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,088 people, 770 households, and 536 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 786 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 97.65% White, 0.48% African American, 0.24% Native American, 0.62% Asian, 0.38% from other races, and 0.62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.91% of the population.
There were 770 households, out of which 41.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.8% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.3% were non-families. 25.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.15.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.9% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 32.3% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.6 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $50,938, and the median income for a family was $58,977. Males had a median income of $40,114 versus $32,121 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,218. About 2.6% of families and 4.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.4% of those under age 18 and 10.9% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Notable people
Brock Lesnar, professional wrestler and former mixed martial artist, lived in Maple Plain from 2003 to 2014.
References
External links
City website
Cities in Minnesota
Cities in Hennepin County, Minnesota
Populated places established in 1912
1912 establishments in Minnesota |
Mary Elizabeth Parsons (1859 – December 22, 1947) was the writer of an early comprehensive guide to California wildflowers.
Biography
Mary Elizabeth Parsons was born in Chicago, Illinois, in 1859. She studied art in San Francisco in the 1890s, where Alice Brown Chittenden was her sketching partner.
In the 1890s, Parsons hiked around California with the botanical artist Margaret Warriner Buck, with a view to publishing a book about California flora. The result was the very successful The Wild Flowers of California: Their Names, Haunts, and Habits (1897), written by Parsons with over 100 illustrations engraved from Buck's pen-and-ink drawings. It went through many printings and several editions and was still being reprinted into the 1950s.
Parsons intended her book to complement Mrs. William Starr Dana's very successful How to Know the Wild Flowers (1893) by emphasizing plants that were unknown in the eastern United States where Mrs. Dana lived. With Mrs. Dana's permission, she used the same plan of arranging the flowers by color. The botanist Alice Eastwood and the nurseryman Carl Purdy served as advisers on the project.
For the 1906 edition, a replacement set of printing plates had to be made when the existing set was destroyed in the San Francisco earthquake. This edition was printed in several versions, one of which had the illustrations printed very lightly so that they could be hand-colored afterwards by the buyer.
Parsons died in Kentfield, California, in 1947.
Notes and references
1859 births
1947 deaths
19th-century American women writers
19th-century American writers
American women botanists
American botanists
Writers from Chicago |
Victorian morality is a distillation of the moral views of the middle class in 19th-century Britain, the Victorian era.
Victorian values emerged in all social classes and reached all facets of Victorian living. The values of the period—which can be classed as religion, morality, Evangelicalism, industrial work ethic, and personal improvement—took root in Victorian morality. Current plays and all literature—including old classics, like William Shakespeare's works—were cleansed of content considered to be inappropriate for children, or "bowdlerized".
Contemporary historians have generally come to regard the Victorian era as a time of many conflicts, such as the widespread cultivation of an outward appearance of dignity and restraint, together with serious debates about exactly how the new morality should be implemented. The international slave trade was abolished, and this ban was enforced by the Royal Navy. Slavery was ended in all the British colonies, child labour was ended in British factories, and a long debate ensued regarding whether prostitution should be totally abolished or tightly regulated. Homosexuality remained illegal.
Personal conduct
Victorian morality was a surprising new reality. The changes in moral standards and actual behaviour across the British were profound. Historian Harold Perkin wrote:Between 1780 and 1850 the English ceased to be one of the most aggressive, brutal, rowdy, outspoken, riotous, cruel and bloodthirsty nations in the world and became one of the most inhibited, polite, orderly, tender-minded, prudish and hypocritical.Historians continue to debate the various causes of this dramatic change. Asa Briggs emphasizes the strong reaction against the French Revolution, and the need to focus British efforts on its defeat and not be diverged by pleasurable sins. Briggs also stresses the powerful role of the evangelical movement among the Nonconformists, as well as the evangelical faction inside the established Church of England. The religious and political reformers set up organizations that monitored behaviour, and pushed for government action.
Among the higher social classes, there was a marked decline in gambling, horse races, and obscene theatres; there was much less heavy gambling or patronage of upscale houses of prostitution. The highly visible debauchery characteristic of aristocratic England in the early 19th century simply disappeared.
Historians agree that the middle classes not only professed high personal moral standards, but actually followed them. There is a debate whether the working classes followed suit. Moralists in the late 19th century such as Henry Mayhew decried the slums for their supposed high levels of cohabitation without marriage and illegitimate births. However new research using computerized matching of data files shows that the rates of cohabitation were quite low—under 5%—for the working class and the poor. By contrast, in 21st-century Britain nearly half of all children are born outside marriage, and nine in ten newlyweds have been cohabitating.
Slavery
Opposition to slavery was the main evangelical cause from the late 18th century, led by William Wilberforce (1759–1833). The cause organized very thoroughly, and developed propaganda campaigns that made readers cringe at the horrors of slavery. The same moral fervor and organizational skills carried over into most of the other reform movements. Victoria ascended to the throne in 1837, only four years after the abolition of slavery throughout the British Empire. The anti-slavery movement had campaigned for years to achieve the ban, succeeding with a partial abolition in 1807 and the full ban on slave trading, but not slave ownership, which only happened in 1833. It took so long because the anti-slavery morality was pitted against powerful economic interests which claimed their businesses would be destroyed if they were not permitted to exploit slave labour. Eventually, plantation owners in the Caribbean received £20 million in cash compensation, which reflected the average market price of slaves. William E. Gladstone, later a famous reformer, handled the large payments to his father for their hundreds of slaves. The Royal Navy patrolled the Atlantic Ocean, stopping any ships that it suspected of trading African slaves to the Americas and freeing any slaves found. The British had set up a Crown Colony in West Africa—Sierra Leone—and transported freed slaves there. Freed slaves from Nova Scotia founded and named the capital of Sierra Leone "Freetown".
Abolishing cruelty
Cruelty to animals
William Wilberforce, Thomas Fowell Buxton and Richard Martin introduced the first legislation to prevent cruelty to animals, the Cruel Treatment of Cattle Act 1822; it pertained only to cattle and it passed easily in 1822.
In the Metropolitan Police Act 1839, "fighting or baiting Lions, Bears, Badgers, Cocks, Dogs, or other Animals" was made a criminal offence. The law laid numerous restrictions on how, when, and where animals could be used. It prohibited owners from letting mad dogs run loose and gave police the right to destroy any dog suspected of being rabid. It prohibited the use of dogs for drawing carts. The law was extended to the rest of England and Wales in 1854. Dog-pulled carts were often used by very poor self-employed men as a cheap means to deliver milk, human foods, animal foods (the cat's-meat man), and for collecting refuse (the rag-and-bone man). The dogs were susceptible to rabies; cases of the disease among humans had been on the rise. They also bothered the horses, which were economically much more vital to the city. Evangelicals and utilitarians in the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals persuaded Parliament it was cruel and should be illegal; the Utilitarian element added government inspectors to provide enforcement. The owners had no more use for their dogs, and killed them. Cart dogs were replaced by people with handcarts.
Historian Harold Perkin writes:
Child labour
Evangelical religious forces took the lead in identifying the evils of child labour, and legislating against them. Their anger at the contradiction between the conditions on the ground for children of the poor and the middle-class notion of childhood as a time of innocence led to the first campaigns for the imposition of legal protection for children. Reformers attacked child labor from the 1830s onward. The campaign that led to the Factory Acts was spearheaded by rich philanthropists of the era, especially Lord Shaftesbury, who introduced bills in Parliament to mitigate the exploitation of children at the workplace. In 1833, he introduced the Ten Hours Act 1833, which provided that children working in the cotton and woollen mills must be aged nine or above; no person under the age of eighteen was to work more than ten hours a day or eight hours on a Saturday; and no one under twenty-five was to work nights. The Factory Act of 1844 said children 9–13 years could work for at most 9 hours a day with a lunch break. Additional legal interventions throughout the century increased the level of childhood protection, despite the resistance from the laissez-faire attitudes against government interference by factory owners. Parliament respected laissez-faire in the case of adult men, and there was minimal interference in the Victorian era.
Unemployed street children suffered too, as novelist Charles Dickens revealed to a large middle class audience the horrors of London street life.
Sexuality
Historians Peter Gay and Michael Mason both point out that modern society often confuses Victorian etiquette for a lack of knowledge. For example, people going for a bath in the sea or at the beach would use a bathing machine. Despite the use of the bathing machine, it was still possible to see people bathing nude. Contrary to popular conception, however, Victorian society recognised that both men and women enjoyed copulation.
Regular sex was seen as important to male health. Married women were expected to agree to sex whenever their husbands wished for it, though it was seen as immoral for men to ask for sex in certain situations, such as when their wife was sick. Too much sex was seen as unhealthy, which led to a moral panic about masturbation, especially its perceived prevalence among middle class adolescent boys. Women were expected to be faithful to their husbands, or if unmarried, to refrain from sexual activity. There was more tolerance for men employing prostitutes or engaging in extramarital affairs. In the early Victorian period, a traditional idea that married women had an intense sex drive which needed to be controlled by their husband was still common. As the period progressed, this changed, with wives expected to control the sexual behaviour of men.
Victorians also wrote explicit erotica, perhaps the most famous being the racy tell-all My Secret Life by the pseudonym Walter (allegedly Henry Spencer Ashbee), and the magazine The Pearl, which was published for several years and reprinted as a paperback book in the 1960s. Victorian erotica also survives in private letters archived in museums and even in a study of women's orgasms. Some current historians now believe that the myth of Victorian repression can be traced back to early 20th-century views, such as those of Lytton Strachey, a homosexual member of the Bloomsbury Group, who wrote Eminent Victorians.
Homosexuality
The enormous expansion of police forces, especially in London, produced a sharp rise in prosecutions for illegal sodomy at midcentury. Male sexuality became a favorite subject of study especially by medical researchers whose case studies explored the progression and symptoms of institutionalized subjects. Henry Maudsley shaped late Victorian views about aberrant sexuality. George Savage and Charles Arthur Mercier wrote about homosexuals living in society. Daniel Hack Tuke's Dictionary of Psychological Medicine covered sexual perversion. All these works show awareness of continental insights, as well as moral disdain for the sexual practices described.
Simeon Solomon and poet Algernon Charles Swinburne, as they contemplated their own sexual identities in the 1860s, fastened on the Greek lesbian poet Sappho. They made Victorian intellectuals aware of Sappho, and their writings helped to shape the modern image of lesbianism.
The Labouchere Amendment to the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885, for the first time, made all male homosexual acts illegal. It provided for two years' imprisonment for males convicted of committing, or being a party to public or private acts of homosexuality. Lesbian acts—still scarcely known—were ignored. When Oscar Wilde was convicted of violating the statute, and imprisoned for such violations, in 1895, he became the iconic victim of English puritanical repression.
Prostitution
During Victorian England, prostitution was seen as a "great social evil" by clergymen and major news organizations, but many feminists viewed prostitution as a means of economic independence for women. Estimates of the number of prostitutes in London in the 1850s vary widely, but in his landmark study, Prostitution, William Acton reported an estimation of 8,600 prostitutes in London alone in 1857. The differing views on prostitution have made it difficult to understand its history.
Judith Walkowitz has multiple works focusing on the feminist point of view on the topic of prostitution. Many sources blame economic disparities as leading factors in the rise of prostitution, and Walkowitz writes that the demographic within prostitution varied greatly. However, women who struggled financially were much more likely to be prostitutes than those with a secure source of income. Orphaned or half-orphaned women were more likely to turn to prostitution as a means of income. While overcrowding in urban cities and the amount of job opportunities for females were limited, Walkowitz argues that there were other variables that lead women to prostitution. Walkowitz acknowledges that prostitution allowed for women to feel a sense of independence and self-respect. Although many assume that pimps controlled and exploited these prostitutes, some women managed their own clientele and pricing. It is evident that women were exploited by this system, yet Walkowitz says that prostitution was often their opportunity to gain social and economic independence. Prostitution at this time was regarded by women in the profession to be a short-term position, and once they earned enough money, there were hopes that they would move on to a different profession.
The arguments for and against prostitution varied greatly from it being perceived as a mortal sin or desperate decision to an independent choice. While there were plenty of people publicly denouncing prostitution in England, there were also others who took opposition to them. One event that sparked a lot of controversy was the implementation of the Contagious Diseases Acts. This was a series of three acts in 1864, 1866 and 1869 that allowed police officers to stop women whom they believed to be prostitutes and force them to be examined. If the suspected woman was found with a venereal disease, they placed the woman into a lock hospital. Arguments made against the Acts claimed that the regulations were unconstitutional and that they only targeted women. In 1869, a National Association in opposition of the Acts was created. Because women were excluded from the first National Association, the Ladies National Association was formed. The leader of that organization was Josephine Butler. Butler was an outspoken feminist during this time who fought for many social reforms. Her book Personal Reminiscences of a Great Crusade describes her oppositions to the Contagious Diseases Acts. Along with the publication of her book, she also went on tours condemning the Acts throughout the 1870s. Other supporters of reforming the Acts included Quakers, Methodists and many doctors. Eventually the Acts were fully repealed in 1886.
Prostitutes were often presented as victims in sentimental literature such as Thomas Hood's poem The Bridge of Sighs, Elizabeth Gaskell's novel Mary Barton, and Dickens' novel Oliver Twist. The emphasis on the purity of women found in such works as Coventry Patmore's The Angel in the House led to the portrayal of the prostitute and fallen woman as soiled, corrupted, and in need of cleansing.
This emphasis on female purity was allied to the stress on the homemaking role of women, who helped to create a space free from the pollution and corruption of the city. In this respect, the prostitute came to have symbolic significance as the embodiment of the violation of that divide. The double standard remained in force. The Matrimonial Causes Act 1857 allowed for a man to divorce his wife for adultery, but a woman could only divorce for adultery combined with other offences such as incest, cruelty, bigamy, desertion, etc., or based on cruelty alone.
The anonymity of the city led to a large increase in prostitution and unsanctioned sexual relationships. Dickens and other writers associated prostitution with the mechanisation and industrialisation of modern life, portraying prostitutes as human commodities consumed and thrown away like refuse when they were used up. Moral reform movements attempted to close down brothels, something that has sometimes been argued to have been a factor in the concentration of street-prostitution.
The extent of prostitution in London in the 1880s gained national and global prominence through the highly publicised murders attributed to Whitechapel-based serial killer Jack the Ripper, whose victims were exclusively prostitutes living destitute in the East End. Given that many prostitutes were living in poverty as late as the 1880s and 1890s, offering sex services was a source of desperate necessity to fund their meals and temporary lodging accommodation from the cold, and as a result prostitutes represented easy prey for criminals as they could do little to personally protect themselves from harm.
Crime and police
After 1815, there was widespread fear of growing crimes, burglaries, mob action, and threats of large-scale disorder. Crime had been handled on an ad-hoc basis by poorly organized local parish constables and private watchmen, supported by very stiff penalties, including hundreds of causes for execution or deportation to Australia. London, with 1.5 million people—more than the next 15 cities combined—over the decades had worked out informal arrangements to develop a uniform policing system in its many boroughs. The Metropolitan Police Act 1829, championed by Home Secretary Robert Peel, was not so much a startling innovation, as a systemization with expanded funding of established informal practices. It created the Metropolitan Police Service, headquartered at Scotland Yard. London now had the world's first modern police force. The 3000 policemen were called "bobbies" (after Peel's first name). They were well-organized, centrally directed, and wore standard blue uniforms. Legally they had the historic status of constable, with authority to make arrests of suspicious persons and book offenders before a magistrate court. They were assigned in teams to specified beats, especially at night. Gas lighting was installed on major streets, making their task of surveillance much easier. Crime rates went down. An 1835 law required all incorporated boroughs in England and Wales to establish police forces. Scotland, with its separate legal system, was soon added. By 1857 every jurisdiction in Great Britain had an organized police force, for which the Treasury paid a subsidy. The police had steady pay, were selected by merit rather than by political influence, and were rarely used for partisan purposes. The pay scale was not high (one guinea a week in 1833), but the prestige was especially high for Irish Catholics, who were disproportionately represented in every city where they had a large presence.
By the Victorian era, penal transportation to Australia was falling out of use since it did not reduce crime rates. The British penal system underwent a transition from harsh punishment to reform, education, and training for post-prison livelihoods. The reforms were controversial and contested. In 1877–1914 era a series of major legislative reforms enabled significant improvement in the penal system. In 1877, the previously localized prisons were nationalized in the Home Office under a Prison Commission. The Prison Act of 1898 enabled the Home Secretary to impose multiple reforms on his own initiative, without going through the politicized process of Parliament. The Probation of Offenders Act of 1907 introduced a new probation system that drastically cut down the prison population, while providing a mechanism for transition back to normal life. The Criminal Justice Administration Act of 1914 required courts to allow a reasonable time before imprisonment was ordered for people who did not pay their fines. Previously tens of thousands of prisoners had been sentenced solely for that reason. The Borstal system after 1908 was organized to reclaim young offenders, and the Children Act of 1908 prohibited imprisonment under age 14, and strictly limited that of ages 14 to 16. The principal reformer was Sir Evelyn Ruggles-Brise, the chair of the Prison Commission.
Causation
Intellectual historians searching for causes of the new morality often point to the ideas by Hannah More, William Wilberforce, and the Clapham Sect. Perkin argues this exaggerates the influence of a small group of individuals, who were "as much an effect of the revolution as a cause." It also has a timing problem, for many predecessors had failed. The intellectual approach tends to minimize the importance of Nonconformists and Evangelicals—the Methodists, for example, played a powerful role among the upper tier of the working class. Finally, it misses a key ingredient: instead of trying to improve an old society, the reformers were trying to lead Britain into a new society of the future.
Victorian era movements for justice, freedom, and other strong moral values made greed, and exploitation into public evils. The writings of Charles Dickens, in particular, observed and recorded these conditions.
Peter Shapely examined 100 charity leaders in Victorian Manchester. They brought significant cultural capital, such as wealth, education and social standing. Besides the actual reforms for the city they achieved for themselves a form of symbolic capital, a legitimate form of social domination and civic leadership. The utility of charity as a means of boosting one's social leadership was socially determined and would take a person only so far.
The Marxist intellectual Walter Benjamin connected Victorian morality to the rise of the bourgeoisie. Benjamin alleged that the shopping culture of the petite bourgeoisie established the sitting room as the centre of personal and family life; as such, the English bourgeois culture is a sitting-room culture of prestige through conspicuous consumption. This acquisition of prestige is then reinforced by the repression of emotion and of sexual desire, and by the construction of a regulated social-space where propriety is the key personality trait desired in men and women.
See also
The New Life (2022 historical fiction) by Tom Crewe
References
Further reading
Adams, James Eli, ed. Encyclopedia of the Victorian Era (4 vol. 2004). articles by scholars
Bartley, Paula. Prostitution: Prevention and reform in England, 1860–1914 (Routledge, 2012)
Boddice, Rob. The Science of Sympathy: Morality, Evolution, and Victorian Civilization (2016)
Briggs, Asa. The Age of Improvement, 1783–1867 (1959).
Churchill, David. Crime control and everyday life in the Victorian city: the police and the public (2017).
Emsley, Clive.Crime and Society in England, 1750–1900 (5th ed. 2018)
Fraser, Derek. The evolution of the British welfare state: a history of social policy since the Industrial Revolution (Springer, 1973).
Gay, Peter. The Bourgeois Experience: Victoria to Freud
Merriman, J (2004). A History of Modern Europe; From the French Revolution to the Present New York, London: W.W. Norton & Company.
Searle, G. R. Morality and the Market in Victorian Britain (1998)
Woodward, E. L. The Age of Reform, 1815–1870 (1938); 692 pages; wide-ranging scholarly survey
Morality
Social philosophy
Victorian culture
Middle class culture |
Chrodobert, Crodobert, or Choadebert (Crodobertus or Chrodobertus) was an Aleman dux of the early seventh century (fl. 631/632). He probably ruled in the south of the region later known as Swabia.
There is little evidence to suggest the existence of an Aleman duke in the period from c. 610 to c. 630, but Fredegar records that around 631 an Alemannic army under duke Chrodobert participated in Dagobert I's assault on the realm of the Slavs to the east. The Alemannic host (exercitus Alamannorum) was one of the three columns of the Austrasian army (exercitus regnum universum Austrasiorum). While the Alemanni won a battle at an unknown location and the Lombard allies were successful against the Slavs in the Julian Alps, the main army of Austrasian Franks under Dagobert was defeated at the Battle of Wogastisburg.
Chrodobert's authority in Alemannia probably increased after the succession of Sigebert III to the throne of Austrasia.
The relationship between Chrodobert and both earlier and later dukes of the Alemanni is unknown. It is possible that Chrodobert was the same person as the Hruodi mentioned in the passio of Saint Killian.
Sources
Geuenich, Dieter. Geschichte der Alemannen. Verlag Kohlhammer: Stuttgart, 2004. .
Mittelalter-Genealogie: Chrodobert.
Alemannic monarchs
Alemannic warriors
7th-century dukes in Europe
7th-century Germanic people |
The Corinthian League was an English amateur football league in and around London. Formed in 1945 on the resumption of football after World War II, the league began with nine member clubs. In 1963 the league was disbanded and most clubs joined the newly formed Division One of the Athenian League.
List of champions
Member clubs
Twenty-nine clubs played in the league during its existence:
Bedford Avenue
Carshalton Athletic
Chesham United
Dagenham
Dorking
Eastbourne
Edgware Town
Epsom & Ewell
Epsom Town
Erith & Belvedere
Grays Athletic
Hastings & St Leonards
Horsham
Hounslow Town
Leatherhead
Letchworth Town
London Fire Forces
Maidenhead United
Maidstone United
Slough Town
Tilbury
Twickenham
Uxbridge
Walton & Hersham
Wembley
Windsor & Eton
Wokingham Town
Worthing
Yiewsley
See also
List of Corinthian League (football) seasons
References
Athenian League
Defunct football leagues in England |
```cmake
vcpkg_from_github(
OUT_SOURCE_PATH SOURCE_PATH
REPO apriorit/mhook
REF 2.5.1
SHA512 your_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hash
HEAD_REF master
PATCHES fix-windows-packing-mismatch.patch
)
vcpkg_cmake_configure(
SOURCE_PATH "${SOURCE_PATH}"
)
vcpkg_cmake_install()
vcpkg_copy_pdbs()
file(REMOVE_RECURSE "${CURRENT_PACKAGES_DIR}/debug/include")
file(INSTALL "${SOURCE_PATH}/COPYING" DESTINATION "${CURRENT_PACKAGES_DIR}/share/mhook" RENAME copyright)
``` |
The Tachikawa Ki-92 was an experimental Japanese heavy transport aircraft of World War II.
It was a low-wing monoplane with a pressurized fuselage, twin piston engines and a tailwheel undercarriage.
Development
In March 1942 the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service chose Tachikawa Aircraft Company to design and build a new heavy twin engine transport aircraft with a focus on increased range, power and speed to carry light tanks, field artillery and troops.
Shinjiro Shinagawa was in charge of the development and began work in March 1943 and had the first prototype completed by September 1944. Like Tachikawa's Ki-77 the aircraft featured a laminar flow airfoil. The Ki-92 also had a sealed cabin with double glazed windows seating 34 troops in 4 rows (including two emergency seats) to reduce the need for oxygen, and forced draught cooling in low drag engine nacelles. Due to various repairs and modifications, the first flight did not occur until April 1945. The test flight recorded a maximum speed of 426 km/h, but the Ki-92 was found to be dangerous to fly with the cargo door open at these speeds even though fuselage rigidity was not a problem.
Due to the deteriorating war situation and resulting reduction in priority for transport aircraft, of the three to 10 prototypes planned for, only one prototype and no production aircraft were built before the war ended. Orders included 114 constructed extensively from wood to conserve aluminium, though the Ki-92 prototype already featured a tail made from wood. Tachikawa had planned for their potential use as commercial transports during the design phase.
Allied intelligence organizations such as ATAIU SEA were unaware of the existence of the Ki-92 and did not assign a code name to it.
Operators
Imperial Japanese Army Air Service (Evaluation only)
Specifications (Tachikawa Ki-92)
See also
References
Citations
Bibliography
(Japanese)
(Czech)
1940s Japanese experimental aircraft
Ki-92
Low-wing aircraft
1940s Japanese military transport aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1945
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft |
Saidpur Kalan is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab State, India. Kalan is Persian language word which means Big and Khurd is Persian word which means small when two villages have same name then it is distinguished as Kalan means Big and Khurd means Small with Village Name. It is located away from branch post office Bahloor Kalan, from Nawanshahr, from district headquarter Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar and from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.
Demography
As of 2011, Saidpur Kalan has a total number of 77 houses and population of 412 of which 220 include are males while 192 are females according to the report published by Census India in 2011. The literacy rate of Saidpur Kalan is 76.34% higher than the state average of 75.84%. The population of children under the age of 6 years is 57 which is 13.83% of total population of Saidpur Kalan, and child sex ratio is approximately 839 as compared to Punjab state average of 846.
Most of the people are from Schedule Caste which constitutes 37.62% of total population in Saidpur Kalan. The town does not have any Schedule Tribe population so far.
As per the report published by Census India in 2011, 122 people were engaged in work activities out of the total population of Saidpur Kalan which includes 119 males and 3 females. According to census survey report 2011, 98.36% workers describe their work as main work and 1.64% workers are involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months.
Education
The village has a Punjabi medium, co-ed upper primary with secondary school established in 1974. The school provide mid-day meal per Indian Midday Meal Scheme. As per Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act the school provide free education to children between the ages of 6 and 14.
Amardeep Singh Shergill Memorial college Mukandpur, KC Engineering College and Doaba Khalsa Trust Group Of Institutions are the nearest colleges. Industrial Training Institute for women (ITI Nawanshahr) is . The village is away from Chandigarh University, from Indian Institute of Technology and away from Lovely Professional University.
Transport
Nawanshahr train station is the nearest train station however, Garhshankar Junction railway station is away from the village. Sahnewal Airport is the nearest domestic airport which located away in Ludhiana and the nearest international airport is located in Chandigarh also Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport is the second nearest airport which is away in Amritsar.
See also
List of villages in India
References
External links
Tourism of Punjab
Census of Punjab
Locality Based PINCode
Villages in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district |
Mountain of Love is a dubtronica act from Brixton in London, England. The band was set up by two of the founding members of Alabama 3, Piers Marsh and Sir Eddie Real in 2011. They released their first self titled album in 2012 on the Cooked Griffin Records label.
History
After Mountain of Love members Piers and Eddie wrote the Alabama 3 song and The Sopranos theme tune "Woke Up This Morning", they left the band to make heavy dubbed, groove based dance music. After the band was formed in 2011, they began to write and produce their first self titled album which was released on 2 August 2012.
Members
Piers Marsh
Sir Eddie Real
Discography
Mountain of Love
External links
English electronic music groups
Dubtronica musicians
Musical groups from the London Borough of Lambeth |
```objective-c
/*
*
* This software may be used and distributed according to the terms of the
*/
#pragma once
#include <folly/File.h>
#include <folly/Range.h>
#include <optional>
#include "eden/common/utils/FileOffset.h"
#include "eden/common/utils/ImmediateFuture.h"
#include "eden/common/utils/PathFuncs.h"
#include "eden/fs/inodes/FileContentStore.h"
#include "eden/fs/inodes/InodeCatalog.h"
#include "eden/fs/inodes/lmdbcatalog/LMDBStoreInterface.h"
#include "eden/fs/inodes/overlay/OverlayChecker.h"
#include "eden/fs/model/Tree.h"
namespace folly {
class File;
}
namespace facebook::eden {
class EdenConfig;
namespace overlay {
class OverlayDir;
}
struct InodeNumber;
class StructuredLogger;
class LMDBFileContentStore;
class LMDBInodeCatalog : public InodeCatalog {
public:
explicit LMDBInodeCatalog(LMDBFileContentStore* core) : core_(core) {}
~LMDBInodeCatalog() override {}
LMDBInodeCatalog(const LMDBInodeCatalog&) = delete;
LMDBInodeCatalog& operator=(const LMDBInodeCatalog&) = delete;
LMDBInodeCatalog(LMDBInodeCatalog&&) = delete;
LMDBInodeCatalog& operator=(LMDBInodeCatalog&&) = delete;
bool supportsSemanticOperations() const override {
return false;
}
void maintenance() override;
std::vector<InodeNumber> getAllParentInodeNumbers() override;
std::optional<InodeNumber> initOverlay(
bool createIfNonExisting,
bool bypassLockFile = false) override;
void close(std::optional<InodeNumber> nextInodeNumber) override;
bool initialized() const override;
std::optional<overlay::OverlayDir> loadOverlayDir(
InodeNumber inodeNumber) override;
std::optional<overlay::OverlayDir> loadAndRemoveOverlayDir(
InodeNumber inodeNumber) override;
void saveOverlayDir(InodeNumber inodeNumber, overlay::OverlayDir&& odir)
override;
void saveOverlayDir(InodeNumber inodeNumber, std::string&& odir);
void removeOverlayDir(InodeNumber inodeNumber) override;
bool hasOverlayDir(InodeNumber inodeNumber) override;
InodeNumber nextInodeNumber() override;
InodeNumber scanLocalChanges(
std::shared_ptr<const EdenConfig> config,
AbsolutePathPiece mountPath,
bool windowsSymlinksEnabled,
InodeCatalog::LookupCallback& callback) override;
std::optional<fsck::InodeInfo> loadInodeInfo(InodeNumber number) override;
private:
LMDBFileContentStore* core_;
};
} // namespace facebook::eden
``` |
"I Don't Care" is a song by South Korean girl group 2NE1 from their eponymous debut extended play, 2NE1 (2009). Written and produced by Teddy Park and Kush, the song was released as the EP's second lead single on July 1, 2009, by YG Entertainment. The track has been characterized as a mid-tempo dance-pop track that incorporates elements of R&B and reggae, and was noted for marking a stylistic shift in the group's mainly previous hip-hop image. Lyrically, the song revolves around the theme of independence after a break up.
"I Don’t Care" was a commercial success following its release, becoming the best-selling single of 2009 on various South Korean networks. It won Song of the Year at the MAMA Awards and Cyworld Digital Music Awards for 2009 and was named one of the most loved songs in the history of Bugs! in 2020. The accompanying music video for the single was directed by Cha Eun-taek and was filmed over the course of two days in late June. It features the members visiting a fortune teller who then freezes time in order to play sabotage on their cheating boyfriends.
To promote the single, 2NE1 appeared on various music programs in South Korea throughout the months of July and August 2009. Two remix versions of the song were recorded and released to digital outlets: a reggae mix and a remix by Son Baek-young. A Japanese version of the track was later added to the group's debut Japanese studio-album, titled Collection (2012).
Background and release
On June 25, 2009, YG Entertainment announced that a new single, titled "I Don't Care", would be released on July 1, with the group's debut mini-album set to be released soon thereafter on July 8. The single follows the first lead single "Fire", which was released in May and was met with positive critical and commercial reception. The song marked a change in the group's image, as "Fire" showcased a stronger and edgier feel; in contrast, YG Entertainment CEO Yang Hyun-suk stated that "I Don't Care" would enable the group to display a softer and more feminine image. In an interview, member CL stated that the song was "a warning message for the men and advice for the women". "I Don't Care" was then officially released for digital download and streaming on July 1, 2009, as the second single off of the mini-album.
Two remixes of "I Don't Care" were also recorded and made available for digital download, an unplugged reggae version mix that was released on September 3, 2009, and a remix by former 1TYM rapper Song Baek-kyoung which was released on September 28. The reggae mix was a more laid-back and reggae-tinged version of the song. It was arranged by Sunwoo Jung-ah, who also arranged and composed 2NE1's later single It Hurts (Slow), and features instruments such as wah wah guitars, horns, and timbales. The reggae mix was later added to the group's debut studio album To Anyone (2010). A Japanese-language version of the track was additionally recorded and included as part of the group's first Japanese studio album titled Collection, which was released by YGEX on March 28, 2012.
On December 21, 2020, more than 11 years after its release, the song trended in the Philippines following a domestic incident that occurred a day earlier.
Music and lyrics
The release of "I Don't Care" marked a switch in image for the group, in comparison to 2NE1's debut single "Fire" earlier in the year, which carried a bold and fierce concept. According to YG Entertainment, "I Don't Care" was intended to possess a concept that focused on enhancing femininity rather than intensity, simultaneously allowing for a more "public friendly" image.
Musically, the song has been characterized as a medium-tempo pop track, containing a somewhat softer melody as compared to the group's debut single, in addition to incorporating influences of R&B and reggae. Written in the key signature of C♯ major, the song contains a tempo of 132 beats per minute. The integration of reggae was made due to the perception that South Korea had previously been a wasteland for the reggae music market, since reggae is strongly associated with summer music around the world. It was reported that through "Fire", it showed that reggae could work well in Korea, and "I Don't Care" aimed to further advance reggae-like styles into the country's mainstream music scene. Lyrically, the songwriting revolves around the themes of independence and confidence. It depicts the emotions of someone feeling the sense of renewal after initializing a break up with their troubled lover.
Commercial performance
"I Don't Care" was a commercial success, topping the daily charts in South Korea short after its release. It was ranked as the most downloaded track in the second week of July, and was subsequently named the month's best-selling single. Additionally, "I Don't Care" achieved first place on various South Korean music programs, including KBS's Music Bank, Mnet's M! Countdown, and SBS's Inkigayo. The group achieved their first triple crown (or three total wins) with the song on Inkigayo, and further led the Music Bank and M Countdown chart for multiple weeks.
"I Don't Care" was named by Bugs! as the best-selling single of 2009, leading its year-end chart with four of the group's other songs in the top 100, making 2NE1 the act with the most top 100 songs during the course of 2009. It was also 2009's best-selling single on Mnet and Monkey3 and was ranked the most popular song of the year by Cyworld, thus becoming the third consecutive track by a YG group to be named so by the network, with the previous two songs being "Lies" (2007) and "Haru Haru" (2008) by labelmate Big Bang.
Accolades
"I Don't Care" won 12 first place trophies on domestic music programs, including triple crowns on M Countdown and Inkigayo. It won the Song of the Year prize at both the 2009 Mnet Asian Music Awards and Cyworld Digital Music Awards, making 2NE1 the first group to win a daesang (grand prize) in the same year of debut.
Music video and promotion
The music video for "I Don't Care" premiered on Melon on July 9, 2009, and was uploaded to YG Entertainment's official YouTube channel on August 27. It was later re-uploaded to the group's official channel on September 5, 2010. The video was directed by Cha Eun-taek, who had previously directed the video for labelmate Big Bang's "Lies", and was filmed over the course of two days on June 22 and 23, 2009. It features the members going to a fortune teller for advice after finding out about their cheating boyfriends over the phone. The fortune teller then freezes time and the members set off to find their boyfriends, who are seen flirting with other girls. They then set them up in unfavorable positions and play sabotage on them for fun. Actor Lee Jong-suk plays Dara's boyfriend in the music video.
Promotions for the single featured 2NE1 appearing on various music programs in South Korea throughout the months of July and August. The group debuted the song live on KBS2's Music Bank on July 10. The performance was met with positive reception among netizens, who complimented the youthful choreography matching the soft reggae melody, and further praised 2NE1 for their ability in showcasing a "different charm". The song went on to achieve the first-place position for multiple weeks on Music Bank, M! Countdown, and Inkigayo. It led the Music Bank chart for 5 consecutive weeks, becoming only one of the handful songs to do so. An unplugged "reggae" version of the song was performed on Inkigayo on August 30, signaling the end of regular promotions for the song. However, due to the remix's popularity, it was further released to digital outlets on September 3.
Track listing
Digital download
"I Don't Care" – 3:59
I Don't Care – Reggae Mix
"I Don't Care" (Reggae Mix Version) – 3:52
I Don't Care (Baek Kyoung Remix)
"I Don't Care" (Baek Kyoung Remix) – 4:14
Notes
References
External links
2009 singles
2NE1 songs
YG Entertainment singles
Songs written by Teddy Park
Korean-language songs
2009 songs |
Mahmudabad (, also Romanized as Maḩmūdābād) is a village in Misheh Pareh Rural District, in the Central District of Kaleybar County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 100, in 18 families.
References
Populated places in Kaleybar County |
Raimmandhoo (Dhivehi: ރަތްމަންދޫ) or Raiymandhoo is one of the inhabited islands of Meemu Atoll.
Geography
The island is south of the country's capital, Malé. The land area of the island is in 2018. The island was described as having an area of in 2004 and 2007.
Ecology
Parrotfishes, snappers, surgeonfishes and wrasses are common in the waters around the island.
Demography
Utilities
The power supply on Raiymandhoo is provided by a combination of solar, wind and diesel power.
Healthcare
Raiymandhoo has a pharmacy.
See also
List of lighthouses in the Maldives
References
Islands of the Maldives
Lighthouses in the Maldives |
Walter G. May (November 28, 1918 – February 18, 2015) was a Canadian engineer who held a distinguished professorship at University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.
Early life and education
May was born in Saskatchewan. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in chemical engineering and Master of Science in chemistry from the University of Saskatchewan. He later earned a PhD in chemical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Career
In 1943, May returned to the University of Saskatchewan as a professor of chemical engineering. He joined the Exxon Research and Engineering Company in 1948 and worked as a senior science advisor from 1978 to 1983.
May was elected to the American Institute of Chemical Engineers and National Academy of Engineering in recognition of his contributions to engineering theory and practice in fluidization, high-energy propellants, LNG technology, and centrifugal isotope separation.
References
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
University of Illinois faculty
American chemical engineers
2015 deaths
Canadian chemical engineers
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
University of Saskatchewan alumni
Academic staff of the University of Saskatchewan
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign faculty
ExxonMobil people
Canadian engineers |
Yekaterinburg TV Tower () was a tall incomplete structure in Yekaterinburg, Russia. Construction work started 1983, but was put on hold in 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, as its shaft reached the height of . According to plans, the tower was intended to reach a structural height of .
Until the year 2000 it was illegally used for buildering and BASE jumping. After several fatal accidents and suicides it was sealed.
The tower was demolished on 24 March 2018, as part of a city beautification programme in preparation for the 2018 World Cup.
See also
List of towers
Notes
External links
Behold the tallest abandoned building in the world
https://web.archive.org/web/20071001090316/http://usa.ural.ru/v2/pics/panorama/yekat2003/o_tv.htm
Towers in Russia
Unfinished buildings and structures
Buildings and structures in Yekaterinburg
Radio masts and towers
2018 disestablishments in Russia
Buildings and structures demolished in 2018
Buildings and structures demolished by controlled implosion
Demolished buildings and structures in Russia |
Adam Dircksz (active 1500–1530) is the name ascribed by some art historians to a highly influential Dutch sculptor whose workshop is often attributed with the creation of around 60 of the c. 150 extant Gothic boxwood miniature micro-carvings. Other historians prefer to attribute various unrelated artists who are given individual or grouped notnames. It may be that the master was the innovator in this style of sculpture, and that similar works were directly inspired. According to the British Museum, Dircksz may have served "elite patrons in the circle of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, with a strong link to Delft."
Almost nothing is known about his life, except from some dates and signatures left on carvings, which indicate only that he was associated with the art works, the real life person may have been a woodcutter, sculptor, medallist, or a patron. Dircksz is thought to have been active between 1500 and 1530, and responsible for some sixty of the surviving examples. He may have led a workshop in the southern Netherlands, given that Flemish inscriptions appear on some of the carvings. Alternatively, it was located more northerly, possibly in the north of Brabant or at Delft in Holland. In any case, apart from Henry VIII and Catherine, all of the original owners come from the Netherlands.
Attribution
The more complex boxwood miniatures may have taken decades of work to complete, over a period equivalent to the entire career of a medieval master carver. Thus, production must have been organised between workshops of specialised artisans, and because the works are so intricate, only a small number of workshops were likely involved in their production. That a majority of the miniatures share technical, stylistic and thematic similarities, they are often considered as a near homogeneous group. This view was first noted by the art historian Jaap Leeuwenberg, who cited such stylistic traits as broad and densely populated animated scenes, which are often placed, in the words of the art historian William Wixom, on "steeply angled ground planes of tiled floors".
Other shared features include spatial devices, figures in contemporary dress, and draperies arranged in angular folds. On this basis Leeuwenberg attributed a large number of the objects to Dircksz, around 35–40, although that estimate has been revised down in more recent years.
Because of shared characteristics, including common use of horror vacui, approaches and use of depth, as well as similar hinges and methods of construction, the art historian Jaap Leeuwenberg suggests that production of a number of the miniatures was overseen by a single master named Adam Dircksz. Dircksz was first identified through a signature on a prayer nut now in the Statens Museum Copenhagen, reading "" (Adam Dircksz has made me).
The Latin name "Adam Theodrici" may be translated into English as "Adam of Theodoric", but art historians usually use the Dutch version of his name, Adam Dircksz. Although it was rare in the 16th century for artists to sign a work, when done, it usually took the "" (made me) form, in effect of making the object speak.
Style
Regardless of the number of works that Dircksz or his workshop can be attributed with, art historians often debate what the artistic and technical precedents for the miniatures might be. Dutch art historian Frits Scholten observes how, to a large extent, it seems "as if this exquisite sculpture was born ex nihilo around 1500", but points out that "giant strides are rarely made in art history", pointing to affinities with silversmith's art, especially the miniature architectural elements often found in ecclesiastical silver and ornaments.
Gallery
Notes
Sources
Boehm, Barbara Drake; Suda, Alexandra. "Handpicked: Collecting Boxwood Carvings from the Sixteenth to the Twenty-First Centuries." In: Scholten, Frits (ed), "Small Wonders: Late-Gothic Boxwood Micro-Carvings from the Low Countries". Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 2016.
Ellis, Lisa; Suda, Alexandra. "Small Wonders: Gothic Boxwood Miniatures". Art Gallery of Ontario, 2016.
Scholten, Frits. "A Prayer Nut in a Silver Housing by 'Adam Dirckz'". The Rijksmuseum Bulletin, volume 59, no. 4, 2011. pp. 322–47
Van Os, H.W.; Filedt Kok, Jan Piet. Netherlandish Art in Rijksmuseum: 1400–1600. Ann Arbor, MI: Antique Collectors Club Limited, 2000.
Wixom, William. "A Brabantine Boxwood Triptych". Bulletin of the Detroit Institute of Arts, volume 61, no. 1/2, Summer 1983. pp. 38–45
External links
The Boxwood Project, Art Gallery of Ontario
Woodcarvers
Gothic boxwood miniature
Renaissance sculptors
Dutch sculptors |
Barbra Streisand...and Other Musical Instruments (also called just And Other Musical Instruments) is the fourteenth studio album by American singer Barbra Streisand. It was released on November 2, 1973 by Columbia Records. The album was made available following a 1973 live television special promoted to improve Streisand's image and sound. With world music as the primary genre, the album's instrumentation varies greatly; even items such as kitchen utensils were used to create melodies and beats. With a majority of the songs on the album being cover songs, Streisand also re-recorded various tracks that originated earlier in her career. Her manager, Martin Erlichman, was credited as the album's sole and executive producer.
The album received mixed reviews from music critics. A critic from Billboard liked Streisand's tone and vocals, but others felt as if the album was ultimately forgettable. Barbra Streisand...and Other Musical Instruments is Streisand's lowest selling studio album of her entire career; it is also one of four studio albums released by the singer not to receive a certification from the Recording Industry Association of America. However, it peaked in the lower positions of both Canada and the United States. The album was eventually released as a CD in 1989.
Background and development
Barbra Streisand...and Other Musical Instruments developed from her award-winning live television special in 1973 with the same title. Originally, Streisand had requested that her performance would be accompanied by several of "the world's greatest musicians", with Streisand listing Pablo Casals, Isaac Stern, and James Galway as examples; instead, Columbia Records had her sing the music of different countries. They also made Streisand select one musician to work with for the project, and she picked Ray Charles. Recorded in London, the album was released to the public several months later. Allison J. Waldman, author of The Barbra Streisand Scrapbook, claimed that the singer used this appearance to "update her image and her music" which would be more appealing for the general public. Promotional efforts for the album included advertisements that described it as "the most special Barbra on record". The photography created for the album cover was tackled by Baron Wolman while Paul Perlow designed the inside cover and liner notes.
Despite the live television special featuring additional songs not included on the album itself, the special in its entirety was released on August 29, 2006 by Rhino Entertainment as a DVD album. The new songs include a medley of "Sing" and "Make Your Own Kind of Music", "Look What They've Done to My Song Ma", "Crying Time", a medley of "Sweet Inspiration" and "Where You Lead", and "On a Clear Day You Can See Forever". The version of "Crying Time" was a duet with Ray Charles; Streisand omitted this version from Barbra Streisand...and Other Musical Instruments but would later feature a revised version on her sixteenth studio album, ButterFly (1974). Streisand and Columbia released Barbra Streisand...and Other Musical Instruments on November 2, 1973 as her fourteenth studio album overall, and her first since 1971's Barbra Joan Streisand. The album was later released in a compact disc format on October 24, 1989 and digitally to the iTunes Store many years later.
Composition
As a whole, the album contains world music, which takes influence from various styles and genres, including African, Japanese, and Spanish music. It also contains the use of various items to create music, such as kitchen utensils. Additionally, Streisand included a few songs from her previous albums, such as her medley of "Sweet Inspiration" and "Where You Lead", which was previously featured on Live Concert at the Forum (1972). Other tracks like "I've Got Rhythm", "Glad to Be Unhappy", and "By Myself" were also used on the singer's studio albums from the 1960s. Streisand's manager, Martin Erlichman, was credited as the sole and executive producer of the album.
Barbra Streisand...and Other Musical Instruments opens with "Piano Practicing", a song adaptation by American television writer and pianist Lan O'Kun, from a classical composition by Paradisi. A raga version of George Gershwin and Ira Gershwin's "I Got Rhythm" succeeds it, followed by a medley samba consisting of "Johnny One Note" and "One Note Samba". Fourth and seventh tracks "Glad to Be Unhappy" and "Don't Rain on My Parade", respectively, contain "distorted" rhythms and melodies. A new version of "People", from Streisand's 1964 studio album of the same name, contains influence from Turkish and Armenian music. After "Don't Rain on My Parade" and "Don't Ever Leave Me", is a spoken track by Streisand titled "Monologue", which features dialogue of the singer speaking during the live television special. "I Never Has Seen Snow", written by Harold Arlen and Truman Capote, precedes Franz Schubert's Lied titled Auf dem Wasser zu singen. The final two tracks are the medley of "The World Is a Concerto" and "Make Your Own Kind of Music", with the album's closer ("The Sweetest Sounds") being accompanied by an "angelic" chorus.
Critical reception
Barbra Streisand...and Other Musical Instruments received mixed reviews from music critics. In Billboards "Top Album Picks" article, the album was selected for placement under the "Spotlight" column, where it received a lengthier review. The critic was positive of the release, claiming that Streisand's "fine tones and majestical power are sheer entertainment". The individual selected "Glad to Be Unhappy" as one of the best ballads in her career. AllMusic's William Ruhlmann awarded it three out of five stars, calling the album "more gimmicky than inventive" and ultimately a "forgettable misstep". He also found her medley of "The World Is a Concerto" and "Make Your Own Kind of Music" to be odd because its instrumentation consisted of sounds created by household appliances. Concluding, Ruhlmann claimed that Streisand's single release of "The Way We Were" helped erase any publicity for the album, which he considered a good thing.
Jim Farber from Entertainment Weekly was also critical of the album and gave it a "D" rating. Although he called it a "nice idea", he found the collection unnecessary and stated, "do we really need a Spanish version of 'Don't Rain on My Parade'?". Author Waldman wrote that the album was unsuccessful due to the singer being "dwarfed by the overproduction"; additionally, she felt that Streisand's duet with Ray Charles should have been included on the initial pressing, and Waldman also noted that there were "no new songs added" to the record. She stated that "the message was clear for Streisand ... keep moving forward".
Commercial performance
Commercially unsuccessful, Barbra Streisand...and Other Musical Instruments is Streisand's lowest-selling album released by Columbia and one of four studio albums that have not been certified by the Recording Industry Association of America (the other three being 1969's What About Today?, 2011's What Matters Most, and 2016's Encore: Movie Partners Sing Broadway). In the United States, the album debuted on the Billboard 200 at number 146 for the week ending November 24, 1973. Within two weeks it rose 71 places to number 75, before reaching its peak position at number 64 on December 22. It spent a total of sixteen consecutive weeks on the Billboard 200. Paul Grein, writer of the "Chart Beat" column for Billboard, noted that Barbra Streisand...and Other Musical Instruments was one of Streisand's few releases to miss peaking within the top 15 of the chart. Meanwhile, the record entered Canada's chart (compiled by RPM) at number 81 on January 1, 1974. However, it dropped to number 88 the following week and on February 2, 1974, it peaked at number 80, which was also the final publication that the album would appear on, totaling four weeks altogether.
Track listing
All tracks produced by Martin Erlichman.
Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of the CD edition of Barbra Streisand...and Other Musical Instruments.
Barbra Streisand vocals
Martin Erlichman production
Bill Schnee mixing
Ken Welch arrangements
Mitzie Welch arrangements
Charts
References
Citations
Bibliography
External links
1973 albums
Barbra Streisand albums
Columbia Records albums
World music albums by American artists |
Charles H. Kahn (May 29, 1928 - March 5, 2023) was a classicist and professor emeritus of philosophy at the University of Pennsylvania. His work focused on early Greek philosophy, up to the times of Plato. His 1960 monograph on Anaximander was still as of 2020 the most important reference work on the subject, and his 1979 edition of the Heraclitus fragments likewise remained the most widely cited English translation of Heraclitus, more or less representing the 'standard interpretation' for non-expert scholars.
Work
Charles H. Kahn presented in 1965 to the Society for Ancient Greek Philosophy at its meeting with the Eastern Division of the American Philosophical Association a notable work under the title “The Greek Verb ‘To Be’ and the Problem of Being”. It was printed the following year in Foundations of Language. and became the topic of a book published in 1973 and reprinted later.
He also wrote historical studies on Anaximander and the Pythagoreans. A collection of his various essays has been published by the Oxford University Press in 2009.
Reflections
In Greek philosophy, Kahn identified predication as one of the three concepts - along with truth and reality - that ontology connected. His work on Why Existence does not Emerge as a Distinct Concept in Greek Philosophy is remarked 24 years after its appearance by Allan Back in his book on Aristotle's Theory of Predication. Kahn sees that Aristotle does not isolate existence as a separate topic or as a "central and implicit theme" of his philosophy. Aristotle, says Kahn, starts "from the reality of the world." For Back, Kahn treats as anachronism any distinction of "the 'is' of predication" from "the 'is' of existence".
In terms of the nature of Being, Kahn maintains that notions in the contemporary analytical philosophy appear to form a heterogeneous bundle with no focal concept of "be" to hold them together. On the other hand, he cited medieval philosophy for its introduction of interrelated conceptions of existence and creation, which established a particular view, which involved a superadding of a matter to a form instead of further forming or reforming a matter that already stands in relation to a form.
Kahn's work on Plato and the Socratic Dialogue presents the Platonic dialogues as collectively constituting a meaningful philosophical program. He argued for psychagogia (leading of the soul) to conduct the reader from one dialogue to another.
Awards
Kahn has twice been the recipient of an award by the American Council of Learned Societies and twice been the recipient of an award by the National Endowment for the Humanities.
Kahn won a Guggenheim Foundation award in 1979/80 and in 2000 he was elected Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
In 2009, Kahn was feted with a festschrift, the collected papers of which were gathered into a celebratory volume of this author of whom it is said that "in these subject areas (Presocratics and Plato) that the distinction of his scholarship has come to be regarded as virtually unrivaled".
In 2014, Kahn was the inaugural winner of the Werner Jaeger Award, given by the German Gesellschaft für antike Philosophie.
See also
Sisyphus fragment
Bibliography
(1973) The verb "be" in ancient Greek, Dodrecht: Reidel; (2003) Rev. 2nd ed., Indianapolis, IN : Hackett Pub. Co.
2001 Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans: a brief history, Indianapolis, IN : Hackett Pub.,
''Plato and the Post-Socratic dialogue'. A Return to the philosophy of nature' (2013)
References
1928 births
2022 deaths
20th-century American philosophers
American classical scholars
American scholars of ancient Greek philosophy |
Adhi Kot is a meteorite that fell on 1 May 1919 in the Punjab region, now in Pakistan.
History
The meteorite fell at at 12PM, north of station Nurpur, Shahpur District (the area was part of the old Shahpur District during British Rule).
Classification
It was classified as an enstatite chondrite type EH4.
See also
Glossary of meteoritics
Meteorite fall
References
Further reading
Meteorites found in Pakistan
1919 in British India |
Chikuzen may refer to:
Chikuzen Province, an old province of Japan
Chikuzen, Fukuoka, a present town in Japan |
Commander William M. Rigdon (1904-1991) is most known for being the Assistant Naval Aide in the United States White House from 1942 to 1953 during the presidencies of Harry S. Truman and Franklin D. Roosevelt. Several of his works are in the Harry S. Truman Library & Museum.
Life
Rigdon was born in Statesboro, Georgia in 1904. He enlisted in the Navy in 1923 and eventually became a Commander under President Truman. He served as Assistant Naval Aide in the White House from 1942 to 1953, but his most famous works were during the Truman Era. On August 1, 1953 he retired from the Navy after 20 years of service.
After the retiring from the Navy, Rigdon attended the School of Hotel Administration at Cornell University from 1953–1954 and became the Executive Secretary of the Virginia Hotel Company in July 1954.
in 1964, he published the White House Sailor, which was an account of his career during the Franklin and Truman Presidencies. It was co-written with James Derieux.
Truman Library Series
The William M. Rigdon Papers are kept in the Truman Library and document his service from 1945 to 1953 as Assistant Naval Aide to the President. The documents mainly consist of information about Harry S. Truman's official travel and vacations, and visits to the United States. by foreign Heads of State. The collection includes newspaper clippings, magazine articles, correspondence, charts, menus, price lists for food, and travel itineraries. Rigdon had been the Assistant Naval Aide under Franklin D. Roosevelt since 1942, but the collection contains no documents dating from before 1945.
Commander Rigdon was in charge of arranging many of the details surrounding Truman's vacations, some official State visits, and some visits to the U.S. by foreign Heads of State. The Rigdon papers are diverse in content. The collection includes documents about the Potsdam Conference in July and August 1945, and Truman's return to the United States on the when the first atomic bomb was dropped in Japan on August 6, 1945. President Truman made many recreational voyages aboard the Presidential yacht, the . The collection includes an array of price lists and menus for food served on Truman's voyages as well as handwritten mileage charts. Many of Truman's Whistlestop Campaign speeches from 1948 are in the collection, along with speeches supporting the Democratic Party during the 1952 election. Also included are handwritten notes, formal correspondence, meeting minutes, press releases, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, and maps. Photos are also included in the collection, but are cross referenced to the audiovisual collection.
This collection reflects a more personal side of President Truman and his family. For instance, Margaret Truman wrote a short note which is included in the papers requesting which films she wanted her father to see while they were on vacation in Key West. Bess Truman discussed luncheon plans in another handwritten note. Yet another document lists the bets President Truman and many members of his Administration made on college football games one season. The collection also contains many subpoenas and trial proceedings from "The Royal High Court of the Raging Main" (which were meant to be a joke) from Truman's voyage on the in 1947.
Other materials at the Truman Library relating to William M. Rigdon and his duties as Assistant Naval Aide include oral history interviews with Commander William M. Rigdon and Donald J. MacDonald, the Leo W. Roberts Papers, the Robert Dennison Papers, and the President's Travel Logs, which were prepared by Rigdon. Other collections of Rigdon Papers are available at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library and at Georgia Southern University.
References
External links
Commander William M. Rigdon Collection at Georgia Southern University
1904 births
1991 deaths
United States Navy personnel of World War II
People from Statesboro, Georgia
United States Navy officers
Truman administration personnel |
Prince ( Èrfēnzhīyī Wángzǐ) is a series of nine Taiwanese novels written by Yu Wo (御我). They are published by Min-Hsien Cultural Enterprise in Taiwan and were released between October 4, 2004 and August 15, 2005. In 2006, the novels were adapted into a manhua by Choi Hong Chong (蔡鴻忠) which were published by Tong Li Publishing.
The plot takes place in a futuristic world where surreal virtual reality games exist. The protagonist is a 19-year-old female student named Feng Lan (風藍), who is challenged into playing the newly arrived game Second Life by her twin brother. As the first person to log into the game, Feng Lan is given a wish which she uses to give herself the privilege of creating a male avatar whom she names as Prince. In game, she strives to prove to her brother Feng Yang Ming (風揚名) that she can be a capable player.
Plot
Feng Lan is a 19-year-old girl who is challenged by her twin brother to play a virtual reality game called Second Life. Being the first player to log onto the game, she is allowed to distinguish her real life looks from her avatar; thus she creates a handsome male elf named Prince. In game, she forms a team called the Odd Squads which consists of: Lolidragon, a female hidden game moderator; Ugly Wolf, a beast race Priest character; Doll, a necromancer; Guilastes, a bard with an attraction to Prince; and Yu Lian, a female mage. As the story progresses, the Odd Squads compete in a tournament emerging victorious and are awarded a large city which they name as Infinity City which Prince is voted to lead. Before the city is open to the public, Prince leaves in search of comrades to serve under her and wanders onto another continent. There, she befriends her real life friends, Lu Jing and Yun Fei and becomes involved in a hidden quest which awards her with two NPCs with self-awareness, Kenshin and Sunshine.
As the plot progresses, Prince learns that a self-aware NPC named Lord of Life is commanding an army of NPCs to delete the humans which will prevent them from returning to the game. In response, Prince gathers players throughout the game in order to combat the threat. It is revealed Long Dian is the cause of the AI rebellion and wishes to gain eternal life through Second Life. Long Dian's NPCs take control of the world's superweapons and forces the world's best scientists to give him a new body. Prince and her companions defeat Long Dian's new super-human body, ending his reign of terror. During the battle, Guilastes saves Feng Lan's life and Feng Lan eventually chooses and marries Guilastes.
Characters
Odd Squad (非常隊 Fēicháng Duì)
Feng Lan (風藍 Fēng Lán) is a 19-year-old girl who was given permission to create a male character in Second Life, whom she named 'Prince' (王子 Wángzǐ). As Prince, she becomes infamous for her handsome looks and cruelty in battle, even earning the nickname 'Blood Elf'. She eventually teams up with five other players to become "Odd Squad". The team consists of: Lolidragon (小龍女 Xiăo Lóng Nǚ), a human thief and hidden gamemaster who assists Feng Lan in her avatar creation. Her true identity is Long Shui-han (Lóng Shuǐhán), daughter of the owner of Second Life; Ugly Wolf (醜狼 Chŏu Láng), the bestial healer and strategist of the Odd Squad. His real life identity is Feng's university doctor, Li Tian-lang (李天狼 Lĭ Tiānláng); Doll (娃娃 Wáwa), a bouncy necromancer who uses Second Life as an escape from her duties as a real-life princess; Guiliastes (居里亞斯特斯 Jǖlĭāsītèsī), a bard who quickly fell head-over-heels for Prince, eagerly joining Odd Squad and taking up the position of long-ranged attacker. As Min Gui-wen (閔居文 Mĭn Guìwén), he's Feng Lan's genius university professor; and Yu Lian (羽憐 Yŭ Lián), a mild-mannered mage and financial manager of Odd Squad, she's actually a servant of Doll's and joined Second Life in order to keep an eye on her. She and Ugly Wolf fell in love and were later married. As the story progresses, the group also gain in game pets. Prince gains a talking and two self-aware NPCs, a swordsman named Kenshin (劍心 Jiànxīn) and a powerful mage named Sunshine (陽光 Yángguāng), while, Guiliastes receives a Phoenix. After winning a mass of land through a tournament, the Odd Squad begins building an empire called Infinity City (無垠城 Wúyín Chéng).
Dark Emperor (暗黑邪皇隊 Ànhēi Xié Huáng Duì)
Dark Emperor is a team led by Wicked (邪靈 Xié Líng). His real life identity is Zhuo Ling-bin (卓靈斌 Zhuó Língbīn), Feng Lan's senior in university who has harbored feelings towards her for the past eight years. After learning Feng is Prince, he becomes protective of her in game and prevents Guiliastes' advances towards her. His team consists of: Ming Huang (明皇 Míng Huáng), his short-tempered real life younger brother; Feng Wu-qing (風無情 Fēng Wúqíng), Feng's twin brother; and minor characters named Ambusher (狙擊手 Zŭjìshŏu), Playboy Lord (偷香公子 Tōu Xiāng Gōngzĭ), and Black Lily (黑百合 Hēi Băihé).
Other notable players
While starting out, Prince was helped by Snow White Rose's (雪白玫瑰 Xuěbái Méiguì) and Fairsky's (晴天 Qíngtiān) group. Rose and Fairsky developed a strong crush on Prince but are able to move on; Fairsky later develops a relationship with Sunshine. Rose's real life identity is Feng Lan's cousin by marriage.
During Prince's recruitment for Infinity City, she becomes involved in the affairs of in game player Nan-gong Zui (南宮罪 Nángōng Zuì). Nan-gong's sister, Ice Phoenix (浴冰鳳凰 Yù Bīng Fènghuáng), falls for a playboy in Second Life named Fan (梵 Fàn). Fan does not care for Phoenix and uses her feelings for him to his advantage. As such, Prince intervenes, allowing Phoenix to realize Fan's true personality.
Lu Jing (綠晶 Lǜ Jīng) and Gu Yun-fei (古雲非 Gǔ Yúnfēi) are Feng Lan's classmates. Their in game classes are Daoshi and Barrier Master respectively. She meets them in Second Life when she wanders onto another continent. She later takes the two and has them join Infinity City. As the series progresses, two are able to deduce her identity as Prince.
Lord of Life (生命主宰 Shēngmìng Zhǔzǎi)
The Lord of Life (also translated as "Dictator of Life") is a self-aware NPC who controls Second Life. Due to the influences of Long Dian (龍典 Lóng Diǎn), the main programmer of Second Life, the Lord forms an army of NPCs to remove humans from the game of Second Life. Since Feng Lan began playing Second Life, the Lord had taken an interest in her and had been watching and assisting her in her adventures.
Media
Novels
The series is written by Yu Wo and was published by in Taiwan between October 4, 2004 and August 15, 2005. The novels were reprinted in 2012 with redone artwork and character descriptions when the eighth volume, signifying the end of the story, was released.
Manhua
Written by Yu Wo and illustrated by Choi Hong Chong, the 1/2 Prince manhua was serialized in Dragon Youth Comic (龍少年 Lóng Shàonián).
References
Tong Li Publishing titles
2006 comics debuts
Taiwanese novels |
Thomas J. Dolan (1907 – 10 January 1996) was an American engineer and educator. He was a professor and department head at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Education
Dolan graduated in 1929 from the University of Illinois in civil engineering with highest honors and named Bronze Tablet. After briefly working in industry, he returned to Urbana to the University of Illinois, earning a M.S. in civil engineering in 1932.
Research and career
Dolan worked for the Chicago Bridge and Iron Co. between his B.S. and M.S. He spent the remainder of his career at the University of Illinois, with the except of a period during World War II when he was a captain in the U.S. Army (1942–45). He studied fatigue and fracture of metals and introduced the Dolan-Corten Cumulative Damage Theory, published in 1956. Dolan was Head of the Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics at the University of Illinois from 1952 to 1970. He became an emeritus professor in 1972.
Dolan was the President of the Society for Experimental Stress Analysis (SESA) (now Society for Experimental Mechanics) from 1951 to 1952. He was named the ninth Honorary Member of the Society in 1975, a position held until his death in 1996. SESA introduced the rank of Fellow in 1975 and Dolan was among the first class of SESA Fellows along with the seven other living Honorary Members of the society named through 1975. He served as vice president and Member of the executive committee of ASME, on the Board of Directors of ASTM, and on the U.S. National Committee on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. He also consulted to several companies, including A.O. Smith, Bendix Aviation, Caterpillar, General Electric, General Motors, John Deere, and Rocketdyne.
Awards and recognition
ASTM R.L. Templin Award (1952)
ASTM C.B. Dudley Medal (1954)
SEM Murray Lecture and Award (1969)
University of Illinois College of Engineering Alumni Honor Award for distinguished service in Engineering (1974)
SEM Honorary Member (1975-1996)
SEM Fellow (1975)
ASME Nadai Award (1984)
References
American engineers
Grainger College of Engineering alumni
Fellows of the Society for Experimental Mechanics
1907 births
1996 deaths |
Saint-Martin-d'Arberoue (; also Saint-Martin-d'Arbéroue; ) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
It is located in the former province of Lower Navarre.
See also
Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department
References
Communes of Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Lower Navarre
Pyrénées-Atlantiques communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
Stephen Neidle is a British X-ray crystallographer, chemist and drug designer working at the UCL School of Pharmacy. His area of scientific research has been in nucleic acid structure and recognition, and the research topic of quadruplexes.
Early life, education and career
Stephen Neidle was born in London and educated at Hendon County Grammar School. He received a bachelor's degree in chemistry, a Ph.D. in X-ray crystallography supervised by Donald Rogers (during which he solved the structure of streptomycin). and a D.Sc. in 1995, all from Imperial College London. He received an ICI Fellowship for X-ray crystallographic studies with Michael B. Hursthouse at Queen Mary University of London working on natural products and pyrrole-based compounds. Subsequently he moved to the Biophysics Department, King's College London to work on the single crystal X-ray structures of nucleic acid and nucleic acid-drug complexes and was awarded a CRC (now CRUK) Career Development Award while being a Senior Research Fellow at King's College London.
He moved to the Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton as a CRC (now CRUK) Life Fellow to head the Biomolecular Structure Unit, working on anticancer drug development, on the study of their complexes with nucleic acid and protein targets of clinical importance. This work lead to a high-resolution structure of a DNA quadruplex and structural studies on protein-drug complexes, such as that of diaphorase with CB1954 (ChesterBeatty 1954), an anticancer prodrug. Neidle was appointed to the Chair of Biophysics at ICR in 1990, and then made Academic Dean 1997–2002. He later moved to Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road and subsequently to the first Chair of Chemical Biology at UCL School of Pharmacy. He is now Emeritus Professor of Chemical Biology at the University College London and CRUK Professorial Fellow.
Research
Neidle has worked in the area of academic drug discovery and has been heavily involved in the development of drugs which recognise DNA. One of the anticancer drugs which he has been involved in developing has been abiraterone, which is used in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. More recently he and his collaborators played a key role in the design of a novel antibiotic, ridinilazole, which has recently been assessed in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infections.
His current research interests centre on the development of novel therapeutic agents using fundamental aspects of the chemistry and biology of nucleic acid structure and its recognition by small molecules, using this to computationally design improved drugs with enhanced specificity. He has led in the study of G-quadruplex nucleic acids as therapeutic targets, especially focussing on their structure and recognition, using structural, chemical and biological approach in an integrated multidisciplinary approach. Most recently his research group has designed several compounds showing high activity in vitro and in vivo against human cancers, in particular pancreatic cancer. UCL Business have been instrumental in licensing these new experimental drugs in January 2022. These are being developed by Qualigen Therapeutics Inc in San Diego. In January 2023 the USA Food and Drug Administration approved the lead compound QN-302 for Orphan Drug designation in pancreatic cancer. In July 2023 Qualigen Therapeutics Inc received IND clearance from the FDA to initiate a Phase 1 clinical trial of QN-302 for the treatment of advanced or metastatic solid tumors.
Neidle has published over 500 papers and reviews, 14 patents, edited nine books and has written four books on nucleic acid structure, drug-DNA interactions and cancer drug discovery. His current h-index is 114 (Google Scholar). He was European editor of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters and became its editor-in-chief 2019-2021.
Honours and awards
Neidle has received various national and international awards for his work, including:
2022 Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters published a Stephen Neidle Honour issue
2011 Distinguished Lecturer, Baptist University of Hong Kong
2011 The Kelland Lecturer
2008 Royal Society of Chemistry Sosnovsky Award for cancer therapy.
2006 Visiting Professor, La Sapienza University of Rome
2005 The Guggenheim Lecturer, University of Reading
2004 Prix Paul Ehrlich, Societé de Chimie Thérapeutique, France
2002 Royal Society of Chemistry Interdisciplinary Award.
2000 Biological and Medicinal Sector Prize, Royal Society of Chemistry
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Crystallographers
British chemists
Cancer researchers
Alumni of Imperial College London |
Helicinoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of land snails that have an operculum. In other words, they are terrestrial operculate gastropod mollusks. They are in the superfamily Neritoidea and are quite closely related to the marine and freshwater nerites.
Taxonomy
The following families are within according to the taxonomy by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):
family Helicinidae
† family Dawsonellidae
† family Deaniridae
family Neritiliidae
family Proserpinellidae
family Proserpinidae
References
Gastropod superfamilies |
The second and final season of the American television series La Doña was confirmed by Telemundo in May 2019. The season is starring an ensemble cast headed by Aracely Arambula, Carlos Ponce, and David Zepeda.
Cast
Main
Aracely Arámbula as Altagracia Sandoval "La Doña"
Carlos Ponce as León Contreras
David Zepeda as José Luis Navarrete
Maricela González as Eunice Lara "La Felina" (character from El Señor de los Cielos)
Kika Edgar as Romelia Vega
Patricia Reyes Spíndola as Florencia Molina
Alejandra Barros as Eleonora Rojas de Navarrete
Paola Fernández as Noelia Molina
José Sefami as Alfonso Cabral
Andrea Martí as Regina Sandoval
José María Galeano as Braulio Padilla / Ernesto Palmar
Fernanda Borches as Fátima Escamilla
Leo Deluglio as Diego Padilla
Diego Soldano as Daniel Llamas
Simone Victoria as Magdalena Sánchez
Claudio Roca as Adolfo Mendoza
Mayra Sierra as Karen Velarde
Alexa Martín as Fernanda Céspedes
Alberto Casanova as Mauricio Preciado
Paola Albo as Isabela Sandoval
Bernardo Flores as Lucho Navarrete
Agustín Argüello as Eduardo Pérez
Aquiles Cervantes as Matamoros
Diego Escalona as Ángel Contreras
Cuauhtli Jiménez as Fernando "Nando" Valles
Rafael Ernesto as Sebastián Céspedes
Juan Pablo De Santiago
Christian Ramos as Cisco
Leandro Lima as Thiago
Eric del Castillo as Ricardo Vidal
Recurring and guest
Danna Paola as Mónica Eulalia Hernandez
Francisco Rubio as Andrés Roldán
Luis Xavier as Don Manuel Padilla
Matías Novoa as Amado Casillas "El Águila Azul" (character from El Señor de los Cielos)
Production
On 14 May 2018, Aracely Arámbula announced through her Instagram account that La Doña had been renewed for a second season. It was not until a year later, on 9 May 2019 that Telemundo made the announcement official. On 22 August 2019, People en Español magazine confirmed the entire cast that would be in the second season. It was also confirmed that David Chocarro would no longer be part of the cast, and that Danna Paola would only have a guest role due to her commitment to the Élite series. The actors who did retake their character from the previous season are José María Galeano, Andrea Martí, Diego Soldano, Leo Deluglio, Simone Victoria, Mayra Sierra, and Aquiles Cervantes.
Reception
The season premiered on 13 January 2020 with a total of 1 million viewers, and 470 thousand adults between 18–49 years, according to Nielsen Data released by PRODU. Despite this, the season failed to beat the Turkish series Kara Sevda of Univision, and during its first week on air, it failed to reach one million viewers.
Episodes
Notes
References
2020 American television seasons
2020 Mexican television seasons |
Bibbiano is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Buonconvento, province of Siena. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 81.
Bibbiano is about 30 km from Siena and 2 km from Buonconvento.
References
Frazioni of Buonconvento |
Horologica bicolor is a species of sea snail, a gastropod in the family Cerithiopsidae. It was described by Laseron, in 1956.
References
Cerithiopsidae
Gastropods described in 1956 |
An exit intent popup is a technique used in online shops and websites to retain visitors who are going to leave the site.
With an exit intent popup, a visitor's mouse movements are tracked, and when the cursor moves outside the upper page boundary (because the tab bar is usually there), a popup window is shown. The ad is triggered by using a JavaScript snippet that measures the speed and direction of the mouse. Often, the popup contains a discount code to convince the user to finish the sale. Exit intent advertisements can also be used to offer a discount, push to a demo, collect emails, or segment to a newsletter list.
Exit intent technology, including the detection of exit behavior by an internet user, was invented and patented by Ryan Urban, the CEO and co-founder of BounceX, in 2012.
Exit intent technology on mobile devices
The exit-intent technology works differently on mobile devices than on a desktop. There is no mouse movement to track, so advanced exit intent popup software will show a popup once a visitor tries to click "back" or close the mobile browser tab.
References
Marketing software |
Gush Dan (, lit. "Dan bloc") or Tel Aviv metropolitan area is a conurbation in Israel, located along the country's Mediterranean coastline. There is no single formal definition of Gush Dan though the term is in frequent use by both governmental bodies and the general public. It ranges from combining Tel Aviv with cities that form urban continuum with it to the entire areas from both the Tel Aviv and the Central District or sometimes the whole Metropolitan Area of Tel Aviv. which includes a small part of the Southern District as well. Gush Dan is the largest conurbation and metropolitan area in Israel, with the metropolitan area having an estimated population of 4,156,900 residents, 89% of whom are Israeli Jews.
History
The name Gush Dan means "Dan Bloc", and is so named because the area was the territory of the tribe of Dan in the ancient Kingdom of Israel. According to the biblical narrative, the tribe had originally tried to settle in the central coastal area of Canaan, but enmity with the Philistines, who had already settled there, caused it to be able to camp only in the hill country overlooking the Sorek Valley. The camp location became known as Mahaneh Dan ("Camps of Dan"). The region that they attempted to settle included the area as far north as Joppa and as far south as Shephelah in the area of Timnah. As a result of the pressure from the Philistines, the tribe abandoned hopes of settling near the central coast and instead migrated to the north of the country. After conquering Laish, the tribe refounded it as its capital and renamed it Dan. In remembrance of the original territory assignments, the coastal region is referred to as Gush Dan. The modern city of Tel Aviv was founded in 1909 as a suburb of the Arab-majority coastal city of Jaffa.
The city grew rapidly in the ensuing decades by Jewish immigration from Europe, with its population reaching 150,000 in 1934, and 230,000 when Israel gained its independence 1948. Before the establishment of Israel, other towns in the Gush Dan were founded as well, such as Petah Tikva in 1878, Rishon LeZion in 1882, Ness Ziona in 1883, Rehovot in 1890, and most other Gush Dan cities were established before 1948.
In 1947, the Jewish population of the Gush Dan was nearly 400,000 and was the majority of the Jewish population of Mandate Palestine. As such, almost all of it was included in the Jewish state proposed by the 1947 United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine. After the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Arab population of the region, which had been nearly 150,000 before the war, was reduced to around 10,000. They were quickly replaced by a larger number of Jews fleeing from postwar Europe and persecution in Arab countries.
However, many new immigrants did not then come to Tel Aviv. In the 1950s, towns were built on the edges of the Gush Dan, including Ashdod, Rosh HaAyin and Yavne. The nation's sole port was then located in the northern city of Haifa and its evolving metropolitan area, making that city at least as important as Tel Aviv. The new government was then trying to disperse the nation's population to the periphery and discouraged settlement in the already-populated Gush Dan. That slowed the growth of the Gush Dan, but the area still more than doubled in population within 20 years of the establishment of Israel. The opening of the Port of Ashdod in the southern Gush Dan also increased the area's importance, with the importance of Haifa diminishing and that of Tel Aviv increasing because of its proximity to the Port of Ashdod. Tel Aviv itself witnessed population decreases in the 1970s and 1980s, when outer regions of the Gush Dan with lower costs of living absorbed many of the people who had left Tel Aviv.
Only in the 1990s, with the immigration of more than 1 million Jews from former Soviet Republics, 40,000 Ethiopian Jews, and many others to Israel, as well as a boom in the religious population, would Tel Aviv begin to grow again. The demand for housing increased dramatically, with new cities such as Modiin and El'ad being built, and cities like Ashdod more than doubling in population, from 83,000 in 1990, to 175,000 in 2000. In the 2000s, the area continued to grow, attracting many immigrants from the Haifa metropolitan area. With a population of 4,052,200 people as of 2019, Gush Dan is home to the commercial, economical, cultural, and industrial center of Israel.
Despite some successes in ongoing attempts by the Israeli government to encourage migration to the Galilee and the Negev, Gush Dan retains its position as the heart of Israel.
Cities in Gush Dan
Population in cities as of the end of 2021:
Over 400,000
Tel Aviv-Yafo
Over 200,000
Rishon LeZion
Petah Tikva
Ashdod
Netanya
Bnei Brak
Over 100,000
Holon
Ramat Gan
Ashkelon
Rehovot
Bat Yam
Herzliya
Kfar Saba
Over 50,000
Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut
Lod
Ra'anana
Ramla
Rosh HaAyin
Hod HaSharon
Givatayim
Yavne
Ness Ziona
Over 20,000
El'ad
Ramat HaSharon
Tayibe
Kiryat Ono
Yehud-Monosson
Gedera
Be'er Ya'akov
Giv'at Shmuel
Kfar Yona
Tira
Kafr Qasim
Gan Yavne
Qalansawe
Kadima-Zoran
Ganei Tikva
Shoham
Over 10,000
Mazkeret Batya
Even Yehuda
Tel Mond
Kiryat Ekron
Jaljulia
Metropolitan rings
Israel Central Bureau of Statistics divides the Tel Aviv metropolitan area into four:
Business and commercial districts
Diamond Exchange District – Ramat Gan – The Diamond Exchange District is in the city of Ramat Gan. Bordering the Ayalon Highway, the road dividing Ramat Gan and Tel Aviv, the district is home to Israel's diamond industry as well as being a major commercial center. The Diamond Exchange itself contains four buildings (towers) connected by bridges; the Maccabi Tower, Shimshon Tower, Noam Tower, and Diamond Tower which contains the world's largest diamond trading floor and is the head-building of the Diamond Exchange. Also in the district are a number of other buildings of importance. The Moshe Aviv Tower is Israel's second tallest (and formerly its tallest) building at 244 meters. Opposite, the Elite Tower is currently under construction, set to be equal or greater in height. The Sheraton City Tower is a hotel in the district, whilst other notable buildings are the Ayalon Tower and Gibor Sport House.
Dizengoff Square – Tel Aviv – Dizengoff Center () is a shopping mall in central Tel Aviv, host to about 140,000 visitors weekly. Lying south of Dizengoff Square, it is named for Meir Dizengoff, the first mayor of Tel Aviv. The first mall in Tel Aviv, the center opened in 1983. It is divided into two parts and straddles both sides of Dizengoff Street with the two parts linked by a pair of skywalks. The mall is bordered by Dizengoff Street, King George Street and the smaller Tchernichovsky street.
Port of Ashdod – Ashdod – The Port of Ashdod is one of Israel's two main cargo ports. The port is located in Ashdod, about 40 kilometers south of Tel Aviv, adjoining the mouth of the Lachish River. Its establishment doubled the country's port capacity.
Rothschild Boulevard – Tel Aviv – Rothschild Boulevard (, Sderot Rothschild) is a street in Tel Aviv beginning in Neve Tzedek at its southwestern edge and running north to Habima Theatre. It is one of the busiest and most expensive streets in the Gush Dan, being one of the city's main tourist attractions.
Azrieli Center – Tel Aviv – Azrieli Center is a complex of skyscrapers in Tel Aviv. At the base of the center lies a large shopping mall. The center was originally designed by Israeli-American architect Eli Attia, and after he fell out with the developer of the center David Azrieli (after whom it is named), completion of the design was passed on to the Tel Aviv firm of Moore Yaski Sivan Architects.
Tel Aviv Stock Exchange – Tel Aviv – The Tel Aviv Stock Exchange (TASE; ; colloquially known as the Boursa) is Israel's only stock exchange. The TASE is the only public market for trading securities in Israel. It plays a major role in the Israeli economy. TASE lists some 622 companies, about 60 of which are also listed on stock exchanges in other countries. TASE also lists some 180 exchange-traded funds (ETFs), 60 government bonds, 500 corporate bonds, and more than 1000 mutual funds. There are 29 members that make up TASE. The list of members indicates that one of the members is a candidate.
Tel Aviv Promenade – Tel Aviv – The Tel Aviv promenade is running along its beaches, and is an integral part of the city's lifestyle, as well as a major tourist attraction. Most of the city's bathing beaches and hiking paths are concentrated in the central part of its 14 kilometers of Mediterranean shore. It contains numerous hotels, and commercial buildings.
Kiryat Atidim – Tel Aviv – high tech center in eastern Ramat HaHayal. The district is known for its ultra modern architecture.
Bat Yam coastal strip – Bat Yam - southward extension of the Tel Aviv Promenade
Herzliya Pituah coastal strip and industrial area – Herzliya – northward extension of the Tel Aviv Promenade
Kiryat Aryeh, Kiryat Matalon, and Segula Industrial Zones – (These three form the second largest industrial zone in the country after Haifa) – Petah Tikva
Ben Gurion Airport Industrial Zone – Lod
Eastern Industrial Sector – Holon
Eastern Industrial Zones – Netanya
Poleg industrial area – Netanya
Higher education
Universities
Tel Aviv University (TAU) (Tel Aviv) – 30,000 students
Bar-Ilan University (BIU) (Ramat Gan) – 27,000 students
Open University of Israel (OPENU) (Ra'anana) – 40,000 students
Weizmann Institute of Science (WIS) (Rehovot) – 700 students
Hebrew University of Jerusalem – Based in Jerusalem - maintains a campus in Rehovot which includes The Faculty of Agriculture and the School of Veterinary Medicine.
Colleges
Academic Center of Law and Business, Ramat Gan
Academic College of Tel Aviv–Yafo, Tel Aviv
Bezalel Academy of Art and Design
College of Management (COLMAN), Rishon LeZion
Holon Institute of Technology
Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya
Jerusalem College of Technology
Netanya Academic College
Netanya Academic College of Law
Ono Academic College
The Center for Academic Studies in Or Yehuda
Shenkar College of Engineering and Design
College of Technology Education, Tel Aviv
Kibbutzim College of Education, Tel Aviv
Levinsky College of Education, Tel Aviv
Mofet, Consortium of Colleges of Education
Moreshet Yaakov Religious College of Education, Rehovot
Ort College for Teachers of Technology, Tel Aviv
Talpiot College of Education, Tel Aviv
Shopping centers
Carmel Market
Ramat Aviv Mall
Azrieli Center
Dizengoff Center
Tel Aviv Central Bus Station
Opera Tower
London Ministores Mall
Transportation
The Dan Bus Company is primarily focused on serving the Gush Dan, although it is being replaced by the Kavim company in many of the Gush Dan's cities. Much of Israel's national highway network feeds into the area, such as Highway 1, Highway 2, Highway 4, and Highway 5. Gush Dan is also served by the local Ayalon Highway. Israel Railways, the state owned, national rail network provider, also feeds most traffic into or within the Gush Dan region. The Tel Aviv Light Rail, currently under construction, will also be a major feature in the regions future transport, as will the high speed service to Jerusalem. Two airports are located in the Gush Dan; Sde Dov Airport which closed at 2019, and Ben Gurion International Airport in Lod which is Israel's largest airport handles over 22 million passengers a year and offers flights to destinations in Europe, Africa, Asia, and The Americas.
Highways
Some of the major freeways/expressways carrying commuter traffic in and out of the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area are:
Highway 20 (also called Ayalon Freeway) – a major intracity freeway in Gush Dan, which runs along Tel Aviv's center eastern border from north to south.
Highway 1 – connects Tel Aviv with Jerusalem.
Highway 2 (also called The Coastal Highway) – stretches from Tel Aviv to Haifa. It is one of the busiest highways in Israel.
Highway 4 (also called Geha Highway, or First President Road) – a major north–south highway connecting Ra'anana and Kfar Saba in the North to Petah Tiqva and Ramat Gan in the center and Ashdod in the South.
Highway 5 – connects the Mediterranean coast immediately north of Tel Aviv with the central Sharon plain and Ariel and other Israeli settlements in the northern West Bank.
Highway 44 – connects Tel Aviv with Ramla, Lod and the Shefela.
Highway 6 – a new north–south tollway running east of Gush Dan from Galilee in the north to Beer Sheva in the south.
Panoramas
See also
List of cities in Israel
References
External links
Tel Aviv metropolitan area definition
Regions of Israel
Hebrew Bible places
Metropolitan areas of Israel
Geography of Tel Aviv
Geography of Tel Aviv District
Geography of Central District (Israel) |
William "Huey" Jensen (born July 26, 1982) is an American Magic: The Gathering player. He won Pro Tour Boston 2003, and has finished in the top 8 of four additional Pro Tours. He also has 24 Grand Prix top eights, including six wins. Jensen is one of the few players to have beaten Kai Budde in the elimination rounds of a Pro Tour. In 2013 he was voted into the Hall of Fame. He is the current record holder of most Grand Prix top eight finishes within a single season, with eight in 2013–14. He is also the 2017 Magic World Champion.
Magic: The Gathering career
William Jensen started playing Magic in 1995 at age 13, and his first Pro Tour was Pro Tour Rome 1998. One year later, at Pro Tour London 1999, he got his major breakthrough by making the top 8, ultimately finishing 6th, losing to eventual champion Kyle Rose. Only one month later, at Grand Prix San Diego, Jensen experienced his first Grand Prix success by not only making the top 8, but winning the event.
The 2000–01 Pro Tour season started with Jensen winning the inaugural Masters event, beating among others eventual Hall of Famers Nicolai Herzog, Olivier Ruel, and Bob Maher en route to the title. Jensen continued to be a mainstay on the professional scene, putting up additional Grand Prix top 8s, including another win at Grand Prix Pittsburgh 2000, as well as solid Pro Tour finishes. In 2003, Jensen returned to the top 8 of the Pro Tour, finishing 8th at Pro Tour Chicago, once again losing to the eventual champion, in this case Kai Budde. However, Jensen would return to the top 8 at the very next Pro Tour, finishing 4th at Pro Tour Venice 2003.
The first Pro Tour of the next season, the 2003–04 Pro Tour season, was a Team Rochester draft Pro Tour in Boston. Teaming up with Brock Parker and Matt Linde as 'The Brockafellars', Jensen won his first Pro Tour. The team defeated the German team 'Phoenix Foundation', the winners of the previous two Team Limited Pro Tours, with Jensen defeating Kai Budde 2–0 in his match. In the finals, they faced the Norwegian team 'Unoriginal Slackers', where Jensen won his match 2–0 over Jake Smith. Jensen continued to play on the pro circuit for one more year, his final Pro Tour being the 2004 World Championships, before he retired from professional play. Jensen has cited being tired of traveling and friends leaving the scene as the reasons for quitting.
In 2012, despite not having played a professional event in almost eight years, William Jensen was among the top candidates for getting voted into the Hall of Fame. He eventually missed by a single vote, but received a special invitation to play at Pro Tour Return to Ravnica. He playtested for the event with team StarCityGames Black (currently known as Team Pantheon), featuring players like Jon Finkel, Gabriel Nassif, and Jelger Wiegersma. This reignited his interest in competitive Magic. One year later, he was voted into the Hall of Fame, garnering a total of 59.97% of the votes.
The 2013–14 Pro Tour season was Jensen's comeback season. He won his third Grand Prix shortly after being voted into the Hall of Fame by defeating Neal Oliver in the final of Grand Prix Oakland. He continued to make additional Grand Prix top 8s throughout the season, though without winning another one. At the end of the season, he had made the top 8 of eight total Grand Prix, setting the record for most Grand Prix top 8 finishes within a single season. In the final event of the season, Pro Tour Magic 2015 in Portland, Jensen made his fifth Pro Tour top 8, finishing 7th. His overall performance in the season earned him an invitation to the 2014 World Championship.
The very first Grand Prix of the 2014–15 Pro Tour season, Grand Prix Portland, was won by Jensen's team, 'Peach Garden Oath', with teammates Reid Duke and Owen Turtenwald. This was Jensen's fourth Grand Prix win. At the 2014 World Championship, Jensen came close to reaching the top 4, but lost the last round of Swiss to Yuuya Watanabe, resulting in an 8th-place finish. He finished the season on 47 points, enough for Platinum status in the Pro Player Club, but not enough to qualify for the 2015 World Championships.
Achievements
Personal life
On November 10, 2016, Jensen came out as gay on Twitter.
References
American Magic: The Gathering players
Living people
1982 births |
Trey Anthony Lyles (born November 5, 1995) is a Canadian professional basketball player for the Sacramento Kings of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was drafted by the Utah Jazz following his freshman season at the University of Kentucky.
High school career
Entering his senior year of high school in Indianapolis, Lyles was ranked as one of the best high school basketball players in the U.S. and was recruited heavily by Kentucky, Indiana, and Louisville. Lyles originally committed to Indiana in September 2010 during his freshman year of high school, but then later decommitted in August 2012. Lyles signed a letter of intent on November 5, 2013 to play and study at the University of Kentucky.
During his senior year of high school, Lyles averaged 23.7 points, 12.9 rebounds and 3.5 assists and led Arsenal Tech to the IHSAA Class 4A State Championship game with a 63-59 victory over Lake Central. Following the conclusion of his senior season, Lyles was voted Indiana Mr. Basketball over fellow high school seniors Trevon Bluiett, who signed to play at Xavier University and James Blackmon Jr. who signed with Indiana University.
College career
Lyles enrolled at Kentucky on June 12, 2014. Due to an unspecified leg injury, Lyles sat out Kentucky's six-game exhibition series in Nassau, Bahamas from August 10 through August 17. As a freshman, Lyles was named to the 2015 All-SEC Freshman Team and helped lead the Wildcats to a 2015 NCAA Final Four appearance.
On April 9, 2015, Lyles along with Kentucky teammates Andrew Harrison, Aaron Harrison, Dakari Johnson, Devin Booker, Karl-Anthony Towns and Willie Cauley-Stein declared to enter their names into the 2015 NBA draft.
Professional career
Utah Jazz (2015–2017)
On June 25, 2015, Lyles was selected with the 12th overall pick in the 2015 NBA draft by the Utah Jazz. He signed his rookie scale contract with the Jazz on July 7. Lyles averaged 3.0 points and 3.6 rebounds per game over the first two months of his rookie season. He began picking up his production with more steady minutes during the month of January, scoring in double figures for the first time on January 4 with 13 points against the Houston Rockets. On January 9, in a win over the Miami Heat, he recorded 10 rebounds for the first time, and on January 14, he scored a then season-high 19 points in a loss to the Sacramento Kings. On February 3, he was named a Rising Stars Challenge participant at the 2016 NBA All-Star Weekend, replacing the injured Nikola Mirotić on the World Team roster. On April 10, he scored a career-high 22 points in a 100–84 win over the Denver Nuggets.
Denver Nuggets (2017–2019)
On June 22, 2017, Lyles was traded, along with the draft rights to Tyler Lydon, to the Denver Nuggets in exchange for the draft rights to Donovan Mitchell. On December 2, 2017, he scored a season-high 18 points in a 115–100 win over the Los Angeles Lakers. On December 10, 2017, he scored a career-high 25 points in a 126–116 overtime loss to the Indiana Pacers. On January 5, 2018, he set a new career high with 26 points in a 99–91 win over the Utah Jazz.
San Antonio Spurs (2019–2021)
On July 12, 2019, Lyles signed with the San Antonio Spurs. On February 6, 2020, Lyles had a double-double, scoring a season-high 23 points while grabbing 10 rebounds and two steals in a 125-117 loss against the Portland Trail Blazers. On February 29, 2020, Lyles scored 20 points, nine rebounds, two assists, four steals, and one block in a 114–113 win over the Orlando Magic. On March 2, 2020, Lyles got himself 20 points again, along with three rebounds, two assists, and one steal in a 116–111 loss against the Indiana Pacers. On July 15, 2020, Lyles was reported to have undergone an appendectomy and was expected to miss the remainder of the 2019–20 season.
Detroit Pistons (2021–2022)
On August 6, 2021, Lyles signed a two-year, $5 million contract with the Detroit Pistons.
Sacramento Kings (2022–present)
On February 10, 2022, Lyles and Josh Jackson were acquired by the Sacramento Kings in a four-team trade that sent Marvin Bagley III to the Pistons.
On March 13, 2023, during a 133–124 loss to the Milwaukee Bucks, Lyles fouled and shoved Bucks forward Giannis Antetokounmpo, who was dribbling the ball out to end the game. Bucks center Brook Lopez then confronted Lyles, and Lyles struck Lopez in the face and grabbed him around the neck area. Both Lyles and Lopez were ejected from the game. Two days later, the NBA announced that Lyles had been suspended for one game without pay due to his role in the altercation.
Career statistics
NBA
Regular season
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Utah
| 80 || 33 || 17.3 || .438 || .383 || .695 || 3.7 || .7 || .3 || .2 || 6.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Utah
| 71 || 4 || 16.3 || .362 || .319 || .722 || 3.3 || 1.0 || .4 || .3 || 6.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Denver
| 73 || 2 || 19.1 || .491 || .381 || .706 || 4.8 || 1.2 || .4 || .5 || 9.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Denver
| 64 || 2 || 17.5 || .418 || .255 || .698 || 3.8 || 1.4 || .5 || .4 || 8.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| San Antonio
| 63 || 53 || 20.2 || .446 || .387 || .733 || 5.7 || 1.1 || .4 || .4 || 6.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| San Antonio
| 23 || 9 || 15.6 || .478 || .350 || .652 || 3.7 || .6 || .3 || .0 || 5.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;" rowspan=2|
| style="text-align:left;"| Detroit
| 51 || 3 || 19.4 || .456 || .301 || .784 || 4.8 || 1.1 || .4 || .5 || 10.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| Sacramento
| 24 || 20 || 22.8 || .489 || .365 || .851 || 5.6 || 1.3 || .3 || .3 || 10.6|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Sacramento
| 72 || 0 || 16.7 || .459 || .365 || .815 || 4.0 || .9 || .4 || .4 || 7.6
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
| 521 || 126 || 18.1 || .443 || .342 || .749 || 4.3 || 1.0 || .4 || .4 || 7.8
Playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2017
| style="text-align:left;"| Utah
| 2 || 0 || 4.8 || .429 || .333 || || 1.0 || .5 || .5 || .0 || 3.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2019
| style="text-align:left;"| Denver
| 3 || 0 || 2.7 || .000 || .000 || || .3 || .7 || .0 || .0 || .0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2023
| style="text-align:left;"| Sacramento
| 7 || 0 || 16.8 || .425 || .333 || .600 || 5.7 || .7 || .3 || .0 || 6.6'''
|- class="sortbottom"
| align="center" colspan="2"| Career
| 12 || 0 || 11.3 || .400 || .323 || .600 || 3.6 || .7 || .3 || .0 || 4.4
College
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2014–15
| style="text-align:left;"| Kentucky
| 36 || 21 || 23.0 || .488 || .138 || .735 || 5.2 || 1.1 || .5 || .4 || 8.7
National team career
Lyles (who moved to Indiana with his family when he was seven years old) has represented both Canada and the United States. Until his sophomore year in high school, he had trained in the United States developmental pipeline.
On the international stage, Lyles played for Canada's Junior men's national team. During the summer of 2013, Lyles, along with Tyler Ennis, led Canada to a 6th-place finish at the 2013 FIBA Under-19 World Championship with Lyles coming in second to Ennis in scoring at the tournament.
References
External links
Kentucky Wildcats bio
1995 births
Living people
American men's basketball players
Basketball people from Saskatchewan
Black Canadian basketball players
Canadian expatriate basketball people in the United States
Canadian men's basketball players
Denver Nuggets players
Detroit Pistons players
Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball players
McDonald's High School All-Americans
National Basketball Association players from Canada
Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball)
Power forwards (basketball)
Sacramento Kings players
San Antonio Spurs players
Sportspeople from Saskatoon
Utah Jazz draft picks
Utah Jazz players |
EU / UK Summer Series, also called Summer Series, was the first promotional tour by American singer Christina Aguilera, in support of her three-part Spanish-language ninth studio album, Aguilera (2022). The tour was announced following the release of the EP La Fuerza, the album's first part, with the first three UK shows going on sale on February 4, 2022. It began on June 25, 2022 in Mallorca, Spain, and concluded on August 6, 2022 in Brighton, England, lasting eight shows across Europe. Union J served as the opening act for the UK shows.
Five of the tour's eight shows were part of Aguilera's headlining set on several different music festivals, such as the Cap Roig Festival in Barcelona and the Starlite Festival in Monaco. The opening show in Mallorca was Aguilera's first performance in Spain since The Stripped Tour (2003). The tour is Aguilera's first tour after the COVID-19 pandemic, following The X Tour (2019).
Background
Following the cancellation of her Las Vegas concert residency, Christina Aguilera: The Xperience, Aguilera began recording her three-part ninth studio album, Aguilera, which was released on May 31, 2022 to critical acclaim. Released in three, separate parts, Aguilera announced the first three shows of the tour, taking place in the England between August 2 through August 5, 2022 following the release of the album's first part, La Fuerza in January 2022. In early May, Aguilera was the announced as a headliner for the Mallorca Live Festival 2022. The second EP off the album, La Tormenta was eventually released and later reissued along with La Fuerza as part of Aguilera, which was released on May 31, 2022. Aguilera was announced as a performer at the Monte Carlo Summer Festival on July 24, 2022.
The tour primarily consists of festival shows, with the only exception being the shows in Scarborough, Liverpool and London. For these shows, English boy band Union J served as the opening act. Aguilera's show on June 25, at the festival in Marcolla marked the first time she performed in Spain in almost twenty years, since her performance in Barcelona on The Stripped Tour in 2003.
Reception
The set garnered critical acclaim. Writing for The Guardian, Dave Simpson gave the opening night of the second leg in Scarborough show four stars, calling it "an 80-minute audiovisual extravaganza" and complimenting the wide range of genres included and the "dazzling effect" of her voice. Elle May Rice of the Liverpool Echo gave the show at the M&S Bank Arena in Liverpool a five star rating, complimenting its costuming, versatility and Aguilera's ability to keep "the crowd captivated to the last second". The Mancunion'''s Jay Darcy called Aguilera's performance an "electrifying showcase of her artistry and success", and complimented the show's "dazzling and dramatic" nature. In a four star review for i, Alim Kheraj called the London set at The O2 Arena "worthy of her pop legend status", calling Aguilera "a born show woman" and praising her "chest-tightening" vocals. However, Kheraj went on to criticize the minimal staging and "muddled" sound production, giving credit to Aguilera's catalogue and stripped vocals for carrying the show. Another four-star review came from Stephen Dalton of The Times. Dalton praised Aguilera for her vocal abilities, writing: "her baroque, hyperbolic, melismatic vocal technique is the real genie in the bottle here". Louise Griffin from Metro'' considered the EU / UK Summer Series "a sensational show".
Set list
The following set list is obtained from the June 25, 2022 concert in Mallorca. It is not intended to represent all dates throughout the tour.
"Are You Ready to Get Dirrty?" (introduction; contains elements of "Your Body" and "Dirrty")
"Dirrty"
"Can't Hold Us Down"
"Bionic"
"Vanity"
"Genie in a Bottle"
"Ya Llegué" (interlude)
"Santo"
"Suéltame"
"Como Yo" (interlude)
"Pa Mis Muchachas"
"Feel This Moment" (contains elements of "Desnudate")
"Cristina" (interlude; contains elements "Tití Me Preguntó", "Pepas", and "Dirrty")
"Ain't No Other Man"
"Show Me How You Burlesque" (interlude)
"Express"
"Lady Marmalade"
"Beautiful"
Encore
"Fighter"
"Let There Be Love"
Shows
Cancelled shows
See also
List of Christina Aguilera concerts
Notes
References
2022 concert tours
Christina Aguilera concerts
Concert tours of Europe
Concert tours of Spain
Concert tours of the United Kingdom |
Rezo Dzhikiya (; ; born 1 September 1980) is a former Russian footballer of Georgian descent.
Club career
He made his Russian Football National League debut for FC Zvezda Irkutsk on 8 June 1996 in a game against FC Okean Nakhodka. He later played 1 more season in the FNL for FC Anzhi Makhachkala.
He spent 10 out of last 11 seasons of his career in Georgia.
Honours
Russian Second Division He was the top scorer for Zone East in 2003 with 13 goals.
References
External links
1980 births
Footballers from Irkutsk
Russian sportspeople of Georgian descent
Living people
Russian men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
FC Zvezda Irkutsk players
FC Torpedo Kutaisi players
FC Borjomi players
FC Dinamo Batumi players
FC Metalurgi Rustavi players
FC Anzhi Makhachkala players
Dinamo Zugdidi players
FC Kolkheti-1913 Poti players
FC Sioni Bolnisi players
FC Tskhinvali players
FC Dila Gori players
FC Sasco Tbilisi players
Erovnuli Liga players
FC Chita players |
The 1856 United States presidential election in Alabama was held on November 4, 1856. Alabama voters chose 9 electors to represent the state in the Electoral College, which chose the president and vice president.
Alabama was won by Senator James Buchanan (D–Pennsylvania), running with Representative and future presidential candidate in the 1860 presidential election John C. Breckinridge, with 62.08% of the popular vote, against the 13th president of the United States Millard Fillmore (A–New York), running with the 2nd United States Ambassador to Germany Andrew Jackson Donelson, with 37.92% of the popular vote.
The Republican Party nominee John C. Frémont was not on the ballot.
Results
See also
United States presidential elections in Alabama
References
1856
Alabama
1856 in Alabama
1856 Alabama elections |
Louis Vola (La Seyne-sur-Mer, France, 6 July 1902 – 15 August 1990, Paris), was a French double-bassist known for his work with the Quintette du Hot Club de France. He is the godfather of guitarist Francois Vola.
As well as the Hot Club de France, Vola played bass for Ray Ventura, Duke Ellington and singer Charles Trenet. He was also an accomplished accordionist.
In 1934 he was a founding member of the Quintette du Hot Club de France. In a 1976 interview, Vola recalled that he discovered Joseph and Django Reinhardt playing guitars together on a beach at Toulon. Vola invited them to play with his band. Violinist Stéphane Grappelli and guitarist Roger Chaput were members of Vola's jazz ensemble. Vola later left the Quintette but eventually rejoined.
References
French jazz double-bassists
Male double-bassists
Continental jazz double-bassists
Swing double-bassists
1902 births
1990 deaths
20th-century French musicians
20th-century double-bassists
20th-century French male musicians
French male jazz musicians
Quintette du Hot Club de France members
Slap bassists (double bass) |
The Antidote is the first studio album by American rappers Indo G and Lil' Blunt. It was released in 1994 via Luther Campbell's Luke Records. Production was handled by S.M.K. Sean Pross.
Track listing
"Intro"
"Get on the Mic"
"Blame It on the Funk"
"Let's Get Fucked Up"
"Chillin' Like a Villain"
"Strictly for da G's"
"Where Dem Doggs At"
"20's"
"Players Don't Fall"
"You Don't Even Know Me Kid"
"Life Ain't Nothing But a Bitch"
"Drop It Off Your Ass"
"Finger on the Trigger"
"Real Niggaz Makin Noise"
"Make It Bounce"
"Outro"
References
External links
1994 collaborative albums
Indo G albums
Luke Records albums |
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