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Jason Kramer is a music supervisor and American radio personality. He is best known for his weekly radio show on Santa Monica, California-based, freeform public radio station KCRW (89.9 MHz FM).
Early life and radio
Born and raised in Los Angeles, California, Kramer worked as an EMT during the late 80s and early 90s; and through the 1992 Los Angeles riots. Soon after he began pursuing a career in radio, first cutting his teeth as a call screener at KLOS (95.5 MHz FM). In 1994, he spent much of his time working with Skunk Records and ska punk band Sublime, promoting their records for radio play and conducting surveys among college and commercial radio stations. In 1996, he moved on to become the music supervisor for Fox Sports Net during which time he was part of a team selecting music for sports programming. After six years, Kramer was promoted to co-producer and board engineer for Fox Sports Radio, producing programs such as the Adam Schein Show and Race Day on Fox. He also programmed, produced, and hosting his own five-hour weekly internet radio show on Soundbreak.com. In 1997, he began working on-air at KCRW where he currently hosts his own weekly show on Tuesday nights.
Music Supervision and other pursuits
In 2010 Kramer joined Santa Monica-based music agency, Elias Arts as their commercial concept music supervisor working with such brands as: Kia, Pepsi, Lexus, Toyota, and many others. He also interviewed and photographed numerous artists that he brought into the Elias studios for showcases and recording sessions.
Kramer continues to work in various aspects of music including management, publishing, creative consulting, and music photography. He speaks frequently at industry events for organizations such as ASCAP and SESAC, and has appeared on the internet TV show 'The Weekly Comet' as a segment producer and "Pick of the Week" host. He has produced live performances in Los Angeles at venues such as Hotel Café and Echo for such artists as Liam Bailey, Barry Adamson, L.A. Guns, and Jimmy Scott.
Teaching
In the fall of 2013, Kramer began teaching a course on music supervision as part of UCLA Extension.
Awards and Accolades
In 2014, Kramer won the Guild of Music Supervisors Award for Best Music Supervision in Advertising. The award was presented at the 4th annual award ceremony held at Mack Sennett Studios in Hollywood on January 28, 2014.
Kramer's work on a national advertising spot for Target (entitled 'Sunrise'), featuring the Kishi Bashi song “Philosophize In It! Chemicalize with It!”, was recognized as a Top 10 Fall 2014 Music Track by SHOOTonline.
References
External links
KCRW
Living people
American radio personalities
Year of birth missing (living people) |
The Ostrogothic Kingdom, officially the Kingdom of Italy (), existed under the control of the Germanic Ostrogoths in Italy and neighbouring areas from 493 to 553.
In Italy, the Ostrogoths led by Theodoric the Great killed and replaced Odoacer, a Germanic soldier, erstwhile-leader of the foederati in Northern Italy, and the de facto ruler of Italy, who had deposed the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, Romulus Augustulus, in 476. Under Theodoric, its first king, the Ostrogothic kingdom reached its zenith, stretching from modern southern France in the west to the modern western Serbia in the southeast. Most of the social institutions of the late Western Roman Empire were preserved during his rule. Theodoric called himself Gothorum Romanorumque rex ("King of the Goths and Romans"), demonstrating his desire to be a leader for both peoples.
Starting in 535, the Byzantine Empire invaded Italy under Justinian I. The Ostrogothic ruler at that time, Witiges, could not defend the kingdom successfully and was finally captured when the capital Ravenna fell. The Ostrogoths rallied around a new leader, Totila, and largely managed to reverse the conquest, but were eventually defeated. The last king of the Ostrogothic Kingdom was Teia.
History
Background
Ostrogoths
The Ostrogoths were the eastern branch of the Goths. They settled and established a powerful state in Dacia, but during the late 4th century, they came under the dominion of the Huns. After the collapse of the Hunnic empire in 454, large numbers of Ostrogoths were settled by Emperor Marcian in the Roman province of Pannonia as foederati. Unlike most other foederati formations, the Goths were not absorbed into the structure and traditions of the Roman military but retained a strong identity and cohesion of their own. In 460, during the reign of Leo I, because the payment of annual sums had ceased, they ravaged Illyricum. Peace was concluded in 461, whereby the young Theodoric Amal, son of Theodemir of the Amals, was sent as a hostage to Constantinople, where he received a Roman education.
In previous years, a large number of Goths, first under Aspar and then under Theodoric Strabo, had entered service in the Roman army and were a significant political and military power in the court of Constantinople. The period 477-483 saw a complex three-way struggle among Theodoric the Amal, who had succeeded his father in 474, Theodoric Strabo, and the new Eastern Emperor Zeno. In this conflict, alliances shifted regularly, and large parts of the Balkans were devastated by it.
In the end, after Strabo's death in 481, Zeno came to terms with Theodoric. Parts of Moesia and Dacia ripensis were ceded to the Goths, and Theodoric was named magister militum praesentalis and consul for 484. Barely a year later, Theodoric and Zeno fell out, and again Theodoric's Goths ravaged Thrace. It was then that the thought occurred to Zeno and his advisors to direct Theodoric against another troublesome neighbour of the Empire - the Italian kingdom of Odoacer.
Odoacer's kingdom (476–493)
In 476, Odoacer, leader of the foederati in the West, had staged a coup against the rebellious magister militum Orestes, who was seeking to have his son Romulus Augustulus recognized as Western Emperor in place of Emperor Julius Nepos. Orestes had reneged on the promise of land in Italy for Odoacer's troops, a pledge made to ensure their neutrality in his attack on Nepos. After executing Orestes and putting the teenage usurper in internal exile, Odoacer paid nominal allegiance to Nepos (now in Dalmatia) while effectively operating autonomously, having been raised to the rank of patrician by Zeno. Odoacer retained the Roman administrative system, cooperated actively with the Roman Senate, and his rule was efficient and successful. He evicted the Vandals from Sicily in 477, and in 480 he occupied Dalmatia after the murder of Julius Nepos.
Conquest of Italy by the Goths (488–493)
An agreement was reached between Zeno and Theodoric, stipulating that Theodoric, if victorious, was to rule in Italy as the emperor's representative. Theodoric with his people set out from Moesia in the autumn of 488, passed through Dalmatia and crossed the Julian Alps into Italy in late August 489. The first confrontation with the army of Odoacer was at the river Isonzo (the battle of Isonzo) on August 28. Odoacer was defeated and withdrew towards Verona, where a month later another battle was fought, resulting in a bloody, but crushing, Gothic victory.
Odoacer fled to his capital at Ravenna, while the larger part of his army under Tufa surrendered to the Goths. Theodoric then sent Tufa and his men against Odoacer, but he changed his allegiance again and returned to Odoacer. In 490, Odoacer was thus able to campaign against Theodoric, take Milan and Cremona and besiege the main Gothic base at Ticinum (Pavia). At that point, however, the Visigoths intervened, the siege of Ticinum was lifted, and Odoacer was decisively defeated at the river Adda on 11 August 490. Odoacer fled again to Ravenna, while the Senate and many Italian cities declared themselves for Theodoric.
Theodoric kills Odoacer (493)
The Goths now turned to besiege Ravenna, but since they lacked a fleet and the city could be resupplied by sea, the siege could be endured almost indefinitely, despite privations. It was not until 492 that Theodoric was able to procure a fleet and capture Ravenna's harbours, thus entirely cutting off communication with the outside world. The effects of this appeared six months later, when, with the mediation of the city's bishop, negotiations started between the two parties.
An agreement was reached on 25 February 493, whereby the two should divide Italy between them. A banquet was organised in order to celebrate this treaty. It was at this banquet, on March 15, that Theodoric, after making a toast, killed Odoacer with his own hands. A general massacre of Odoacer's soldiers and supporters followed. Theodoric and his Goths were now masters of Italy.
Reign of Theodoric the Great (493–526)
Theodoric's rule
Like Odoacer, Theodoric was ostensibly a patricius and subject of the emperor in Constantinople, acting as his viceroy for Italy, a position recognized by the new Emperor Anastasius in 497. At the same time, he was the king of his own people, who were not Roman citizens. In reality, he acted as an independent ruler, although unlike Odoacer, he meticulously preserved the outward forms of his subordinate position.
The administrative machinery of Odoacer's kingdom, in essence that of the former Empire, was more or less retained by the Ostrogoths. According to the analysis of Jonathan J. Arnold, Theoderic presented himself - and was more or less accepted as - a Roman Emperor. But despite this rhetoric, Italy had undergone significant structural changes in the fifth century, which required that Roman administrative traditions had to be adapted by Theoderic's court. The Senate continued to function normally and was consulted on civil appointments, and the laws of the Empire were still recognized as ruling the Roman population, though Goths were ruled under their own traditional laws. Indeed, as a subordinate ruler, Theodoric did not possess the right to issue his own laws (leges) in the system of Roman law, but merely edicts (edicta), or clarifications on certain details.
The continuity in administration is illustrated by the fact that several senior ministers of Odoacer, like Liberius and Cassiodorus the Elder, were retained in the new kingdom's top positions. The close cooperation between Theodoric and the Roman elite began to break down in later years, especially after the healing of the ecclesiastical rift between Rome and Constantinople (see below), as leading senators conspired with the Emperor. This resulted in the arrest and execution of the magister officiorum Boethius and his father-in-law, Symmachus, in 524.
On the other hand, the army and all military offices remained the exclusive preserve of the Goths. The Goths were settled mostly in northern Italy, and kept themselves largely apart from the Roman population, a tendency reinforced by their different faiths: the Goths were mostly Homoian Christians (''Arians"), while the people they ruled over were adherents of Chalcedonian Christianity. Despite this fact, Theoderic enjoyed good relations with the Roman church, although questions of relative jurisdiction, especially in controversies involving clerics, remained potentially fraught. Jews in Theoderic's kingdom were both disadvantaged and protected as they had been under Roman law, which among other things, provided legal protections for their places of worship. Theodoric's view was clearly expressed in his letters to the Jews of Genoa: "The true mark of civilitas is the observance of law. It is this which makes life in communities possible, and which separates man from the brutes. We therefore gladly accede to your request that all the privileges which the foresight of antiquity conferred upon the Jewish customs shall be renewed to you..." and "We cannot order a religion, because no one can be forced to believe against his will."
Relations with the Germanic states of the West
It is in his foreign policy rather than domestic affairs that Theodoric appeared and acted as an independent ruler. By means of marriage alliances, he sought to establish a central position among the barbarian states of the West. As Jordanes states: "...there was no race left in the western realms which Theodoric had not befriended or brought into subjection during his lifetime." This was in part meant as a defensive measure, and in part as a counterbalance to the influence of the Empire. His daughters were wedded to the Visigothic king Alaric II and the Burgundian prince Sigismund, his sister Amalfrida married the Vandal king Thrasamund, while he himself married Audofleda, sister of the Frankish king Clovis I.
These policies were not always successful in maintaining peace: Theodoric found himself at war with Clovis when the latter attacked the Visigoth dominions in Gaul in 506. The Franks were rapidly successful, killing Alaric in the Battle of Vouillé and subduing Aquitania by 507. However, starting in 508, Theodoric's generals campaigned in Gaul, and were successful in saving Septimania for the Visigoths, as well as extending Ostrogothic rule into southern Gaul (Provence) at the expense of the Burgundians. There in 510 Theodoric reestablished the defunct praetorian prefecture of Gaul. Now Theodoric had a common border with the Visigothic kingdom, where, after Alaric's death, he also ruled as regent of his infant grandson Amalaric.
Family bonds also served little with Sigismund, who as a staunch Chalcedonian Christian cultivated close ties to Constantinople. Theodoric perceived this as a threat and intended to campaign against him, but the Franks acted first and invaded Burgundy in 523, quickly subduing it. Theodoric could only react by expanding his domains in the Provence north of the river Durance up to the Isère.
The peace with the Vandals, secured in 500 with the marriage alliance with Thrasamund, and their common interests as Arian powers against Constantinople, collapsed after Thrasamund's death in 523. His successor Hilderic showed favour to the Nicaean Christians, and when Amalfrida protested, he had her and her entourage murdered. Theodoric was preparing an expedition against him when he died.
Relations with the Empire
Theodoric's relations with his nominal suzerain, the Eastern Roman Emperor, were always strained, for political as well as for religious reasons. Especially during the reign of Anastasius, these led to several collisions, none of which however escalated into general warfare. In 504-505, Theodoric's forces launched a campaign to recover Pannonia and the strategically important town of Sirmium, formerly parts of the praetorian prefecture of Italy, which were now occupied by the Gepids.
The campaign was successful, but it also led to a brief conflict with imperial troops, where the Goths and their allies were victorious. Domestically, the Acacian schism between the patriarchates of Rome and Constantinople, caused by imperial support for the Henotikon, as well as Anastasius' Monophysite beliefs, played into Theodoric's hands, since the clergy and the Roman aristocracy of Italy, headed by Pope Symmachus, vigorously opposed them.
Thus, for a time, Theodoric could count on their support. The war between the Franks and Visigoths led to renewed friction between Theodoric and the Emperor, as Clovis successfully portrayed himself as the champion of the Western Church against the "heretical" Arian Goths, gaining the Emperor's support. This even led to the dispatch of a fleet by Anastasius in 508, which ravaged the coasts of Apulia.
With the ascension of Justin I in 518, a more harmonious relationship seemed to be restored. Eutharic, Theodoric's son-in-law and designated successor, was appointed consul for the year 519, while in 522, to celebrate the healing of the Acacian schism, Justin allowed both consuls to be appointed by Theodoric. Soon, however, renewed tension would result from Justin's anti-Arian legislation, and tensions grew between the Goths and the Senate, whose members, as Chalcedonians, now shifted their support to the Emperor.
The suspicions of Theodoric were confirmed by the interception of compromising letters between leading senators and Constantinople, which led to the imprisonment and execution of Boethius in 524. Pope John I was sent to Constantinople to mediate on the Arians' behalf, and, although he achieved his mission, on his return he was imprisoned and died shortly after. These events further stirred popular sentiment against the Goths.
Death of Theodoric and dynastic disputes (526–535)
After the death of Theodoric on 30 August 526, his achievements began to collapse. Since Eutharic had died in 523, Theodoric was succeeded by his infant grandson Athalaric, supervised by his mother, Amalasuntha, as regent. The lack of a strong heir caused the network of alliances that surrounded the Ostrogothic state to disintegrate: the Visigothic kingdom regained its autonomy under Amalaric, the relations with the Vandals turned increasingly hostile, and the Franks embarked again on expansion, subduing the Thuringians and the Burgundians and almost evicting the Visigoths from their last holdings in southern Gaul. The position of predominance which the Ostrogothic Kingdom had enjoyed under Theodoric in the West now passed irrevocably to the Franks.
This dangerous external climate was exacerbated by the regency's weak domestic position. Amalasuntha was Roman-educated and intended to continue her father's policies of conciliation between Goths and Romans. To that end, she actively courted the support of the Senate and the newly ascended Emperor Justinian I, even providing him with bases in Sicily during the Vandalic War. However, these ideas did not find much favour with the Gothic nobles, who in addition resented being ruled by a woman. They protested when she resolved to give her son a Roman education, preferring that Athalaric be raised as a warrior. She was forced to discharge his Roman tutors, but instead Athalaric turned to a life of dissipation and excess, which would send him to a premature death.
Eventually, a conspiracy started among the Goths to overthrow her. Amalasuntha resolved to move against them, but as a precaution, she also made preparations to flee to Constantinople, and even wrote to Justinian asking for protection. In the event she managed to execute the three leading conspirators, and her position remained relatively secure until, in 533, Athalaric's health began to seriously decline.
Amalasuntha then turned for support to her only relative, her cousin Theodahad, while at the same time sending ambassadors to Justinian and proposing to cede Italy to him. Justinian indeed sent an able agent of his, Peter of Thessalonica, to carry out the negotiations, but before he had even crossed into Italy, Athalaric had died (on 2 October 534), Amalasuntha had crowned Theodahad as king in an effort to secure his support, and he had deposed and imprisoned her. Theodahad, who was of a peaceful disposition, immediately sent envoys to announce his ascension to Justinian and to reassure him of Amalasuntha's safety.
Justinian immediately reacted by offering his support to the deposed queen, but in early May 535, she was executed. This crime served as a perfect pretext for Justinian, fresh from his forces' victory over the Vandals, to invade the Gothic realm in retaliation. Theodahad tried to prevent the war, sending his envoys to Constantinople, but Justinian was already resolved to reclaim Italy. Only by renouncing his throne in the Empire's favour could Theodahad hope to avert war.
Gothic War and end of the Ostrogothic Kingdom (535–554)
The Gothic War between the Eastern Roman Empire and the Ostrogothic Kingdom was fought from 535 until 554 in Italy, Dalmatia, Sardinia, Sicily and Corsica. It is commonly divided into two phases. The first phase lasted from 535 to 540 and ended with the fall of Ravenna and the apparent reconquest of Italy by the Byzantines. With the fall of Ravenna, the capital of the kingdom was brought to Pavia, which it became the last centres of Ostrogothic resistance that continued the war and opposed Eastern Roman rule.
During the second phase (540/541–553), Gothic resistance was reinvigorated under Totila and put down only after a long struggle by Narses, who also repelled the 554 invasion by the Franks and Alamanni. In the same year, Justinian promulgated the Pragmatic Sanction which prescribed Italy's new government. Several cities in northern Italy continued to hold out, however, until the early 560s.
The war had its roots in the ambition of Justinian to recover the provinces of the former Western Roman Empire, which had been lost to invading barbarian tribes in the previous century (the Migration Period). By the end of the conflict Italy was devastated and considerably depopulated. As a consequence, the victorious Byzantines found themselves unable to resist the invasion of the Lombards in 568, which resulted in the loss of large parts of the Italian peninsula.
List of kings
Valamir –465
Theodemir 470–475
Theodoric the Great (Thiudoric) 489–526
Athalaric (Atthalaric) 526–534
Amalasuintha 534-535
Theodahad (Thiudahad) 534–536
Witiges (Wittigeis) 536–540
Ildibad (Hildibad) 540–541
Eraric the Rugian (Heraric, Ariaric) 541
Totila (Baduila) 541–552
Teia (Theia, Teja) 552–553
Culture
Architecture
Because of the kingdom's short history, no fusion of the two peoples and their art was achieved. However, under the patronage of Theodoric and Amalasuntha, large-scale restoration of ancient Roman buildings was undertaken, and the tradition of Roman civic architecture continued. In Ravenna, new churches and monumental buildings were erected, several of which survive.
The Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo, its baptistry, and the Archiepiscopal Chapel follow the typical late Roman architectural and decorative motifs, but the Mausoleum of Theodoric displays purely Gothic elements, such as its construction not from the usual brick, but of massive slabs of Istrian limestone, or the 300-ton single-piece roof stone.
Literature
Some older works were copied in Greek and Gothic (e.g. the Codex Argenteus), and the literature is solidly in the Greco-Roman tradition. Cassiodorus, hailing from a distinguished background, and himself entrusted with high offices (consul and magister officiorum) represents the Roman ruling class. Like many others of his background, he served Theodoric and his heirs loyally and well, something expressed in the writings of the period.
In his Chronica, used later by Jordanes in his Getica, as well as in the various panegyrics written by him and other prominent Romans of the time for the Gothic kings, Roman literary and historical tradition is put in the service of their Gothic overlords. His privileged position enabled him to compile the Variae Epistolae, a collection of state correspondence, which gives great insight into the inner workings of the Gothic state. Boethius is another prominent figure of the period. Well-educated and also from a distinguished family, he wrote works on mathematics, music and philosophy. His most famous work, Consolatio philosophiae, was written while imprisoned on charges of treason.
In Germanic languages, King Theodoric inspired countless legends of questionable veracity.
In popular culture
The 1876 historical novel A Struggle for Rome by Felix Dahn (and its two-part screen adaptation in 1968 and 1969) focuses on the struggle among the Byzantines, the Ostrogoths and the native Italians over control of Italy after Theodoric's death.
The 1938 historical novel Count Belisarius by Robert Graves describes the campaigns of the Byzantine general Belisarius to conquer the Ostrogothic Kingdom during the reign of Justinian.
In the 1941 alternate history novel Lest Darkness Fall by L. Sprague de Camp, a modern archaeologist is transported through time to Ostrogothic Italy, helps to stabilise it after Theodoric's death, and averts its conquest by Justinian.
Guy Gavriel Kay's Sarantine Mosaic series takes place in a setting based on Ostrogothic Italy and the East Roman Empire, just before the Gothic War.
Gary Jennings' 1993 novel Raptor documents the rise of Theodoric the Great and the Ostrogothic Kingdom through the eyes of a fictional hermaphrodite Thorn.
Footnotes
References
Sources
Primary sources
Procopius, De Bello Gothico, Volumes I-IV
Jordanes, De origine actibusque Getarum ("The Origin and Deeds of the Goths"), translated by Charles C. Mierow.
Cassiodorus, Chronica
Cassiodorus, Varia epistolae ("Letters"), at the Project Gutenberg
Anonymus Valesianus, Excerpta, Pars II
Secondary sources
. Chapters 41 & 43
External links
Former countries in Europe
Italian states
Former countries in the Balkans
Ostrogoths
Roman Balkans
Slovenia in the Roman era
Medieval Bosnia and Herzegovina
Medieval Croatia
6th century in Francia
Serbia in the Early Middle Ages
Medieval Slovenia
Byzantine Italy
493 establishments
553 disestablishments
States and territories established in the 490s
States and territories disestablished in the 550s
Former monarchies of Europe
Barbarian kingdoms
Wikipedia articles containing unlinked shortened footnotes |
Čukljenik may refer to:
Čukljenik (Niška Banja), a village in Serbia
Čukljenik (Leskovac), a village in Serbia |
This is a list of notable Philippine-based choirs, orchestras and musical bands. Bands listed fall under any of these main Philippine music styles: Philippine folk, Manila sound, Pinoy reggae, Pinoy pop, Pinoy rock and Pinoy hip hop, as well as the jazz and ska music genres.
Choirs
Adventist University of the Philippines Ambassadors
Alicia Bamboo Ensemble
Boscorale
Bukas Palad Music Ministry
Bukidnon State University Chorale
Central Philippine University Bahandi Singers
Chinese Friends of the Jesuit
Chorus Paulinus
Chorus Philippines
De La Salle Zobel Chorale
Hangad
Imusicapella
Las Piñas Boys Choir
Mabuhay Singers
Mapua Cardinal Singers
PLM Rondalla
Polytechnic University of the Philippines Laboratory High School Chorale
San Miguel Master Chorale
Saringhimig Singers
The HiMiG Gospel Singers
Tiples de Santo Domingo
University of the East Chorale
University of the Philippines Concert Chorus
University of the Philippines Madrigal Singers
University of the Philippines Manila Chorale
University of the Philippines Singing Ambassadors
University of Santo Tomas Singers
Vox Angeli Children's Choir
Folk
Asin (folk rock)
Humanfolk
Hip hop
Crazy as Pinoy
Death Threat
Ex Battalion
Q-York
Salbakuta
Jazz
Johnny Alegre Affinity
Sinosikat? (jazz funk)
Sound
Manila sound
APO Hiking Society
Boyfriends
Cinderella
Hagibis
Hotdog
VST & Company
Juan de la Cruz Band
Orchestras
ABS-CBN Philharmonic Orchestra
De La Salle Zobel Symphony Orchestra
FILharmoniKA
Manila Philharmonic Orchestra
Manila Symphony Orchestra
Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra
San Miguel Foundation for the Performing Arts
San Miguel Philharmonic Orchestra
Parody
Kamote Club
Pop
17:28
1:43
1st.One
3rd Avenue
4th Impact
Six Part Invention
Alamat
April Boys
Baby Blue
BGYO
BINI
Ben&Ben
Boyband PH
Down to Mars
Dv8
Eurasia
Freestyle
Gimme 5
Introvoys
Kitty Girls
KAIA
Krissy & Ericka
La Diva
Maasinhon Trio
MNL48
Mocha Girls
MYMP
Neocolours
Nexxus
Press Hit Play
Pop Girls
Reycard Duet
SB19
SexBomb Girls
Side A
Smokey Mountain
South Border
Sugarcane
Sugarpop
The Company
Top One Project
TNT Boys
Viva Hot Babes
XLR8
Reggae
Brownman Revival
Chocolate Factory
Grin Department
Junior Kilat
The Chongkeys
Tropical Depression
Rock
6cyclemind
Aegis
AfterImage
Alamid
Ang Bandang Shirley
Apartel
Arcadia
Autotelic
Bamboo
Barbie's Cradle
Bethany
Brisom
Callalily
Cambio
Cheats
Chicosci
Cover Me Quick!
Cueshé
Curbside
Dead Ends
Death By Stereo
December Avenue
Dominion
Dicta License
Dilaw
Eevee
Eraserheads
Firefly
Franco
General Luna
Greyhoundz
Hale
Hastang
Hey Moonshine
Hilera
Hungry Young Poets
I Belong to the Zoo
Imago
Introvoys
Itchyworms
IV of Spades
Jensen and The Flips
Juan Karlos
Juan de la Cruz Band
Join the Club
Kala
Kapatid
Kamikazee
Kampon
Kjwan
Lola Amour
Lokomotiv
Mayonnaise
MilesExperience
Missing Filemon
Mojofly
Moonstar88
Narda
Neocolours
Nuklus
Oh, Flamingo!
Orange and Lemons
Paramita
Parokya ni Edgar
Pedicab
Plethora
P.O.T.
Prettier Than Pink
Pupil
Radioactive Sago Project
Razorback
Rivermaya
Rizal Underground
Rocksteddy
Sandwich
Save Me Hollywood
Session Road
Shampoo Ni Lola
Shamrock
She's Only Sixteen
Siakol
Silent Sanctuary
Slapshock
Sponge Cola
Stonefree
SUD
Sugarfree
Suitcase101
SunKissed Lola
Taken by Cars
Tanya Markova
Teeth
The Bloomfields
The Camerawalls
The Dawn
The Hi-Jacks
The Jerks
The Juans
The Oktaves
The Pin-Ups
The Ransom Collective
The Vowels They Orbit
The Youth
This Band
Throw
TOI
Tom's Story
Top Junk
True Faith
Turbo Goth
Typecast
Unica
Up Dharma Down
Urbandub
Voice of Tranquility
Wolfgang
Yano
Zelle
Zoo
Ska
Put3ska
See also
Pinoy pop
Pinoy hip hop
Pinoy reggae
Ska
Manila sound
Music in the Philippines
References
Filipino musical groups
Lists of bands |
The Feroz Shah Kotla or Kotla ("fortress", "citadel") was a fortress built circa 1354 by Feroz Shah Tughlaq to house his version of Delhi city called Firozabad.
A pristine polished sandstone Topra Ashokan pillar from the 3rd century BC rises from the palace's crumbling remains, one of many pillars of Ashoka left by the Mauryan emperor; it was moved from Topra Kalan in Pong Ghati of Yamunanagar district in Haryana to Delhi under orders of Firoz Shah Tughlaq of Delhi Sultanate, and re-erected in its present location in 1356. The original inscription on the obelisk is primarily in Brahmi script but language was Prakrit, with some Pali and Sanskrit added later. The inscription was successfully translated in 1837 by James Prinsep. This and other ancient lats (pillars, obelisk) have earned Firoz Shah Tughlaq and Delhi Sultanate fame for its architectural patronage.
Other than the Ashokan Pillar, the Fort complex also houses the Jami Masjid (Mosque), a Baoli and a large garden complex.
History
Feroz Shah Tughlaq (r. 1351–1388), the Sultan of Delhi, established the fortified city of Firozabad in 1354, as the new capital of the Delhi Sultanate, and included in it the site of the present Feroz Shah Kotla. Kotla literally means fortress or citadel. The pillar, also called obelisk or Lat is an Ashoka Column, attributed to Mauryan ruler Ashoka. The 13.1 meters high column, made of polished sandstone and dating from the 3rd century BC, was brought from Ambala in the 14th century under orders of Feroz Shah. It was installed on a three-tiered arcaded pavilion near the congregational mosque, inside the Sultanate's fort. In centuries that followed, much of the structure and buildings near it were destroyed as subsequent rulers dismantled them and reused the spolia as building materials.
In the pre-independence era, due to lack of auditoriums in the capital, most classical music performances were staged here or at Qutub complex. Later Ebrahim Alkazi, then head of NSD, staged his landmark production of Dharamvir Bharati's Andha Yug here and its premiere in 1964 was attended by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.
Jami Masjid
Jami Masjid is one of the most ancient and largest surviving mosque and monument, still in use. Architecturally it was built on a series of underground cells made of quartzite stone, covered with limestone. It is surrounded by a large courtyard with cloisters and a Prayer Hall. The Prayer Hall now in complete ruins was once used by the Royal Ladies. The masjid and its architecture is an example of Tughluq architecture.
The entrance of Jami Masjid lies on the northern side. It is connected by a causeway to the pyramidal structure of the Ashokan Pillar. This mosque was visited by Timur in 1398 AD to say his prayers. He was spellbound by its beauty and constructed a mosque in Samarkand in Mawarannahr imitating the design of this Masjid. This mosque is also known to be the place where Imad ul Mulk, a Mughal Prime Minister, got the Emperor Alamgir II murdered in 1759 AD.
Topra Ashokan Pillar
The Ashokan Pillar which is now within Feroz Shah Kotla is towards the north of Jama Masjid [Mosque]. The Pillar was first erected by King Ashoka between 273 and 236 BC in Topra Kalan, Yamunanagar district, Haryana.
Of note, there is another Ashokan Pillar, that is seen installed near the Hindu Rao Hospital, also erected by Ashoka in Meerut. This pillar, however, was unfortunately broken into five pieces after it was damaged during an explosion. The pillar was neglected for a century up till 1838 when after the Revolt of 1857 Raja Hindu Rao took charge to transfer the Ashokan Pillar's broken pieces to Kolkata's Asiatic Society. Within a year, the structure was put together and re-established.
Both the Ashokan Pillars were carefully wrapped with cotton silk and were kept on a bed of reed made of raw silk. These were hence transported on a massive carriage attached with 42 wheels and drawn meticulously by 200 men from their original places to Delhi by Feroz Shah Tughlaq to avoid any damage during the journey. Upon reaching Delhi, they were then transported on huge boats to their final destination, one within Feroz Shah Kotla and the other on the ridge near Delhi University and Bara Hindu Rao Hospital.
Script on stone
The Sultanate wanted to break and reuse the Ashokan pillar for a minaret. Firoz Shah Tuhglaq, however, decided to erect it near the mosque instead. At the time of re-installation of the obelisk in Delhi, in 1356, no one knew the meaning of the script engraved in the stone.
About five hundred years later, the script (Brahmi) was deciphered by James Prinsep in 1837 with help from scripts discovered on other pillars and tablets in South Asia.
Translation
The inscription on the 3rd-century pillar describes King Devanampiya Piyadasi's policies and appeal to the people and future generations of the kingdom in matters of dharma (just, virtuous life), moral precepts and freedoms. Some extracts of the translation, per James Prinsep, are as follows:
Baoli (The Well)
The circular Baoli, which means 'stepwell', lies towards the northwestern side of the Ashokan Pillar. It lies in the heart of a large garden constructed in the form of subterranean apartments and a large underground canal built on its eastern side through which the water runs into the well. This is the only circular Baoli in Delhi, and also one of the 4 Baolis, where the tank is not separated from the well. It once has a roof on it, which collapsed long ago, exposing the tank at the second level. Originally it had an entry from East and West, but now, only the west side is accessible. Due to security reasons, the Baoli is kept locked, but permission to visit can be obtained easily for research purposes from the Delhi circle office of Archaeological Survey of India.
Prayers at the Fort
Every Thursday there is a huge crowd at the fort. It is popularly believed that Jinn(s) descends at the Fort from the Heavens and accepts requests and wishes from people. A lot of wishes, penned down on paper, can be seen on the walls within the premises.
The association to Jinn(s) seems to be not too old. It is only since 1977, a few months after the end of the Emergency, that there are first records of people starting to come to Firoz Shah Kotla in large numbers.
See also
Delhi Sultanate
Ashoka
References
Archaeological monuments in Delhi
Forts in Delhi
Monuments of National Importance in Delhi |
Shirwad is a village 6 km. north-east of Karwar city in Uttara Kannada district, on the sea coast of Karnataka state in India.
A road from Karwar to Kaiga Nuclear Power Plant passes through Shirwad.
Karwar is one of the important stations on the famous Konkan Railway route and the Railway Station of Karwar is located at Shirwad. One end of India's 15th longest railway tunnel, 2,950 metres long, is also situated at Shirwad.
Shirwad has a rural setting with agricultural fields and rivulets. Flanked on one side by the densely forested hills of the Western Ghats, Shirwad is really picturesque.
It also has an Industrial area with Small Scale Industrial Units.
Real estate development is also taking place in Shirwad.
The other landmarks of Shirwad are:
Sharda Ashram
Gokul
Puneetha Sadan (Seminary, office and residence of Bishop of Karwar)
Maria Magnoflora Hospital
Olive Garden Resort (earlier known as Hidden Valley Resort)
KRCL Colony
The STD Code of Shirwad is 08382.
Its PIN Code is 581306.
See also
Karwar
Mangalore
Kumta
Villages in Uttara Kannada district |
The women's 200 metre breaststroke event at the 1936 Summer Olympics, took place from 8 to 11 August, at the (50 m) Olympiapark Schwimmstadion Berlin. It was the fourth appearance of the event, which first appeared at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris. A total of 23 competitors from 12 nations participated in the event.
The world record holder at the time, Japanese Hideko Maehata, won the event four years after losing the gold medal to Australian Clare Dennis by one tenth of a second. Twentyfour-year-old German silver medalist Martha Genenger broke the Olympic record in her heat on 8 August, but Maebata broke it again in the next heat with a time of 3:01.9 seconds. Danish Inge Sørensen won the bronze medal, becoming the youngest ever female Olympic medalist (12 years, 24 days). Sørensen's compatriot Valborg Christensen was favoured to win a medal in this event, but she was eliminated after finishing fifth in her semifinal.
Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were:
The following records were established during the competition:
Results
Heats
The three fastest swimmers of each heat and the next two fastest swimmers overall (Hanni Hölzner and Dorothy Schiller) advanced to the semifinals on 9 August.
Heat 1
Heat 2
Heat 3
Heat 4
Semifinals
The three fastest swimmers of both semifinals and the best fourth-place finisher advanced to the final on 11 August.
Semifinal 1
Semifinal 2
Final
References
General
Specific
Swimming at the 1936 Summer Olympics
1936 in women's swimming
SWim |
The greater thornbird (Phacellodomus ruber) is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
Taxonomy and systematics
The greater thornbird is monotypic. It and the freckle-breasted thornbird (P. striaticollis) are sister species.
Description
The greater thornbird is long and weighs about . It is heaviest and reddest thornbird. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a mostly rufescent brown to grayish brown face with a paler supercilium and ear coverts and a whitish malar area. Their crown is reddish chestnut with pale streaks, their back rich reddish brown to olive-brown that sometimes becomes chesntut on the lower back, their rump a lighter rufescent brown, and their uppertail coverts chestnut. Their wings are a nearly uniform rufous-chestnut and their tail reddish chestnut. Their throat is whitish, their breast pale with a light brownish tinge, their belly whitish, and their undertail coverts light rufescent brown. Their iris is light yellow to orange, their maxilla blackish to dark grayish horn, their mandible pale gray to grayish green, and their legs and feet gray to olive. Juveniles have a less defined crown patch than adults and brownish mottling on their breast.
Distribution and habitat
The greater thornbird is found in north-central and eastern Bolivia, from Bolivia east in Brazil to western Pernambuco and Bahia and south into Rio Grande do Sul, through central Paraguay into northern Argentina as far as Corrientes Province, and into western Uruguay. The species inhabits a variety of landscapes, almost always near water. These include thickets along watercourses, gallery forest, the borders of marshes, and scrublands. In elevation it mosty occurs between but locally reaches in Bolivia.
Behavior
Movement
The greater thornbird is a year-round resident throughout its range.
Feeding
The greater thornbird feeds on a wide variety of arthropods. It usually forages in pairs. It captures prey by gleaning from the ground or from vegetation as in the forest's understorey.
Breeding
The greater thornbird breeds during the austral spring and summer, roughly September to January or beyond. It makes a cone-shaped nest of thorny twigs and branches that can be about high and wide at its base, and lines an interior chamber with soft plant material and feathers. It hangs the nest from a tree or shrub branch, usually above the ground, and often over water. The usual clutch size is three to four eggs with rarely a fifth. The incubation period, time to fledging, and details of parental care are not known.
Vocalization
The greater thornbird's song is a "series of up to 20 loud, sharp, resounding notes, starting very high and explosive, thereafter slightly accelerating and gradually descending". Rendered in words it is "poo tew tew tew too too tootootoochoochew". Pairs often sing in duet. Its calls include a "loud, high 'djeub-djeb-djebdjed' " and "sharp 'check check' and 'chweet'.
Status
The IUCN has assessed the greater thornbird as being of Least Concern. It has a very large range but an unknown population size that is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. It is considered uncommon to common and occurs in several protected areas.
References
External links
Image at ADW
greater thornbird
Birds of Argentina
Birds of Bolivia
Birds of the Cerrado
Birds of the Pantanal
Birds of Paraguay
greater thornbird
Taxa named by Louis Pierre Vieillot
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
Tappin Gofton is a graphic design agency consisting of Mark Tappin and Simon Gofton, best known for designing album covers.
History
Tappin Gofton was founded by Mark Tappin, who worked at Blue Source, and Simon Gofton of Tom Hingston Studio. They incorporated as Tappin Gofton in 2006.
The duo first became known for their 1960s-style cover for The Chemical Brothers' album Push the Button. Their Baudot code-inspired art for Coldplay's album X&Y, however, was a larger breakthrough for the duo; Design Observer critic Adrian Shaughnessy wrote that it "[established] them as a new force in contemporary music design." The duo would later design covers for several more Coldplay albums, including Viva la Vida or Death and all His Friends, and Mylo Xyloto.
The duo has also designed covers for The Chemical Brothers' album We Are the Night; Air Traffic's debut album Fractured Life; Morning Runner's debut album Wilderness Is Paradise Now; Wild Beasts' album Present Tense; and The Feeling's debut Twelve Stops and Home.
The company was dissolved in 2015.
Album cover designs (1997-present)
Coldplay:
"'Yellow'" single (2000) (Mark Tappin only)
Parachutes (2000) (Mark Tappin only)
'"Trouble" single (2000) (Mark Tappin only)
"Don't Panic'" single (2001) (Mark Tappin only)
'"Trouble - Norwegian Live EP'" (2001) (Mark Tappin only)
Live 2003 (2003) (Mark Tappin only)
X&Y (2005)
"Speed of Sound'" single (2005)
"Fix You" single (2005)
"Talk" single (2005)
"The Hardest Part" single (2006)
"What If" single (2006)
"White Shadows" single (2007)
Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends (2008)
Prospekt's March EP (2008)
LeftRightLeftRightLeft EP (2009) (maybe)
Mylo Xyloto (2011)
"Every Teardrop Is a Waterfall" single (2011)
"Paradise" single (2011)
"Charlie Brown" single (2011)
"Princess of China" single (2012)
"Hurts Like Heaven" single (2012)
"Up in Flames" single (2012)
Live 2012 (2012)
References
British graphic designers |
Events
Pre-1600
801 – An earthquake in the Central Apennines hits Rome and Spoleto, damaging the basilica of San Paolo Fuori le Mura.
1091 – Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs are defeated by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos.
1429 – Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orléans.
1483 – Gran Canaria, the main island of the Canary Islands, is conquered by the Kingdom of Castile.
1521 – Swedish War of Liberation: Swedish troops defeat a Danish force in the Battle of Västerås.
1601–1900
1760 – French forces commence the siege of Quebec which is held by the British.
1770 – James Cook arrives in Australia at Botany Bay, which he names.
1781 – American Revolutionary War: British and French ships clash in the Battle of Fort Royal off the coast of Martinique.
1826 – The galaxy Centaurus A or NGC 5128 is discovered by James Dunlop.
1861 – Maryland in the American Civil War: Maryland's House of Delegates votes not to secede from the Union.
1862 – American Civil War: The Capture of New Orleans by Union forces under David Farragut.
1864 – Theta Xi fraternity is founded at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, the only fraternity to be founded during the American Civil War.
1901–present
1903 – A landslide kills 70 people in Frank, in the District of Alberta, Canada.
1910 – The Parliament of the United Kingdom passes the People's Budget, the first budget in British history with the expressed intent of redistributing wealth among the British public.
1911 – Tsinghua University, one of mainland China's leading universities, is founded.
1916 – World War I: The UK's 6th Indian Division surrenders to Ottoman Forces at the Siege of Kut in one of the largest surrenders of British forces up to that point.
1916 – Easter Rising: After six days of fighting, Irish rebel leaders surrender to British forces in Dublin, bringing the Easter Rising to an end.
1945 – World War II: The Surrender of Caserta is signed by the commander of German forces in Italy.
1945 – World War II: Airdrops of food begin over German-occupied regions of the Netherlands.
1945 – World War II: Adolf Hitler marries his longtime partner Eva Braun in a Berlin bunker and designates Admiral Karl Dönitz as his successor.
1945 – Dachau concentration camp is liberated by United States troops.
1946 – The International Military Tribunal for the Far East convenes and indicts former Prime Minister of Japan Hideki Tojo and 28 former Japanese leaders for war crimes.
1952 – Pan Am Flight 202 crashes into the Amazon basin near Carolina, Maranhão, Brazil, killing 50 people.
1953 – The first U.S. experimental 3D television broadcast shows an episode of Space Patrol on Los Angeles ABC affiliate KECA-TV.
1967 – After refusing induction into the United States Army the previous day, Muhammad Ali is stripped of his boxing title.
1970 – Vietnam War: United States and South Vietnamese forces invade Cambodia to hunt Viet Cong.
1974 – Watergate scandal: United States President Richard Nixon announces the release of edited transcripts of White House tape recordings relating to the scandal.
1975 – Vietnam War: Operation Frequent Wind: The U.S. begins to evacuate U.S. citizens from Saigon before an expected North Vietnamese takeover. U.S. involvement in the war comes to an end.
1975 – Vietnam War: The North Vietnamese army completes its capture of all parts of South Vietnam-held Trường Sa Islands.
1986 – A fire at the Central library of the Los Angeles Public Library damages or destroys 400,000 books and other items.
1986 – The United States Navy aircraft carrier becomes the first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier to transit the Suez Canal, navigating from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea to relieve the .
1991 – A cyclone strikes the Chittagong district of southeastern Bangladesh with winds of around , killing at least 138,000 people and leaving as many as ten million homeless.
1991 – The 7.0 Racha earthquake affects Georgia with a maximum MSK intensity of IX (Destructive), killing 270 people.
1992 – Riots in Los Angeles begin, following the acquittal of police officers charged with excessive force in the beating of Rodney King. Over the next three days 63 people are killed and hundreds of buildings are destroyed.
1997 – The Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993 enters into force, outlawing the production, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons by its signatories.
2004 – The final Oldsmobile is built in Lansing, Michigan, ending 107 years of vehicle production.
2011 – The Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton takes place at Westminster Abbey in London.
2013 – A powerful explosion occurs in an office building in Prague, believed to have been caused by natural gas, and injures 43 people.
2013 – National Airlines Flight 102, a Boeing 747-400 freighter aircraft, crashes during takeoff from Bagram Airfield in Parwan Province, Afghanistan, killing seven people.
2015 – A baseball game between the Baltimore Orioles and the Chicago White Sox sets the all-time low attendance mark for Major League Baseball. Zero fans were in attendance for the game, as the stadium was officially closed to the public due to the 2015 Baltimore protests.
Births
Pre-1600
1469 – William II, Landgrave of Hesse (d. 1509)
1587 – Sophie of Saxony, Duchess of Pomerania (d. 1635)
1601–1900
1636 – Esaias Reusner, German lute player and composer (d. 1679)
1665 – James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde, Irish general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (d. 1745)
1667 – John Arbuthnot, Scottish-English physician and polymath (d. 1735)
1727 – Jean-Georges Noverre, French actor and dancer (d. 1810)
1745 – Oliver Ellsworth, American lawyer and politician, 3rd Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1807)
1758 – Georg Carl von Döbeln, Swedish general (d. 1820)
1762 – Jean-Baptiste Jourdan, French general and politician, French Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 1833)
1780 – Charles Nodier, French librarian and author (d. 1844)
1783 – David Cox, English landscape painter (d. 1859)
1784 – Samuel Turell Armstrong, American publisher and politician, 14th Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1850)
1810 – Thomas Adolphus Trollope, English journalist and author (d. 1892)
1818 – Alexander II of Russia (d. 1881)
1837 – Georges Ernest Boulanger, French general and politician, French Minister of War (d. 1891)
1842 – Carl Millöcker, Austrian composer and conductor (d. 1899)
1847 – Joachim Andersen, Danish flautist, composer and conductor (d. 1907)
1848 – Raja Ravi Varma, Indian painter and academic (d. 1906)
1854 – Henri Poincaré, French mathematician, physicist and engineer (d. 1912)
1863 – Constantine P. Cavafy, Egyptian-Greek journalist and poet (d. 1933)
1863 – William Randolph Hearst, American publisher and politician, founded the Hearst Corporation (d. 1951)
1863 – Maria Teresia Ledóchowska, Austrian nun and missionary (d. 1922)
1872 – Harry Payne Whitney, American businessman and lawyer (d. 1930)
1872 – Forest Ray Moulton, American astronomer and academic (d. 1952)
1875 – Rafael Sabatini, Italian-English novelist and short story writer (d. 1950)
1879 – Thomas Beecham, English conductor (d. 1961)
1880 – Adolf Chybiński, Polish historian, musicologist and academic (d. 1952)
1882 – Auguste Herbin, French painter (d. 1960)
1882 – Hendrik Nicolaas Werkman, Dutch printer, typographer, and Nazi resister (d. 1945)
1885 – Egon Erwin Kisch, Czech journalist and author (d. 1948)
1887 – Robert Cushman Murphy, American ornithologist (d. 1973)
1888 – Michael Heidelberger, American immunologist (d. 1991)
1891 – Edward Wilfred Taylor, British businessman (d. 1980)
1893 – Harold Urey, American chemist and astronomer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1981)
1894 – Marietta Blau, Austrian physicist and academic (d. 1970)
1895 – Vladimir Propp, Russian scholar and critic (d. 1970)
1895 – Malcolm Sargent, English organist, composer and conductor (d. 1967)
1898 – E. J. Bowen, British physical chemist (d. 1980)
1899 – Duke Ellington, American pianist, composer and bandleader (d. 1974)
1899 – Mary Petty, American illustrator (d. 1976)
1900 – Amelia Best, Australian politician (d. 1979)
1901–present
1901 – Hirohito, Japanese emperor (d. 1989)
1907 – Fred Zinnemann, Austrian-American director and producer (d. 1997)
1908 – Jack Williamson, American author and academic (d. 2006)
1909 – Tom Ewell, American actor (d. 1994)
1912 – Richard Carlson, American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1977)
1915 – Henry H. Barschall, German-American physicist and academic (d. 1997)
1917 – Maya Deren, Ukrainian-American director, poet, and photographer (d. 1961)
1917 – Celeste Holm, American actress and singer (d. 2012)
1918 – George Allen, American football player and coach (d. 1990)
1919 – Gérard Oury, French actor, director and screenwriter (d. 2006)
1920 – Edward Blishen, English author and radio host (d. 1996)
1920 – Harold Shapero, American composer (d. 2013)
1922 – Parren Mitchell, American politician (d. 2007)
1922 – Toots Thielemans, Belgian guitarist and harmonica player (d. 2016)
1923 – Irvin Kershner, American actor, director and producer (d. 2010)
1924 – Zizi Jeanmaire, French ballerina and actress (d. 2020)
1925 – John Compton, Saint Lucian lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (d. 2007)
1925 – Iwao Takamoto, American animator, director, and producer (d. 2007)
1926 – Elmer Kelton, American journalist and author (d. 2009)
1927 – Dorothy Manley, English sprinter (d. 2021)
1927 – Bill Slater, English footballer (d. 2018)
1928 – Carl Gardner, American singer (d. 2011)
1928 – Heinz Wolff, German-English physiologist, engineer, and academic (d. 2017)
1929 – Walter Kempowski, German author and academic (d. 2007)
1929 – Peter Sculthorpe, Australian composer and conductor (d. 2014)
1929 – April Stevens, American singer (d. 2023)
1929 – Maurice Strong, Canadian businessman and diplomat (d. 2015)
1929 – Jeremy Thorpe, English lawyer and politician (d. 2014)
1930 – Jean Rochefort, French actor and director (d. 2017)
1931 – Frank Auerbach, British-German painter
1931 – Lonnie Donegan, Scottish-English singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2002)
1931 – Chris Pearson, Canadian politician, 1st Premier of Yukon (d. 2014)
1932 – David Tindle, English painter and educator
1932 – Dmitry Zaikin, Soviet pilot and cosmonaut instructor (d. 2013)
1933 – Ed Charles, American baseball player and coach (d. 2018)
1933 – Rod McKuen, American singer-songwriter and poet (d. 2015)
1933 – Willie Nelson, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer and actor
1934 – Luis Aparicio, Venezuelan-American baseball player
1934 – Pedro Pires, Cape Verdean politician, 3rd President of Cape Verde
1935 – Otis Rush, American blues singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2018)
1936 – Adolfo Nicolás, Spanish priest, 13th Superior General of the Society of Jesus (d. 2020)
1936 – Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild, English banker and philanthropist
1937 – Jill Paton Walsh, English author (d. 2020)
1938 – Steven Bach, American writer, businessman and educator (d. 2009)
1938 – Bernie Madoff, American businessman, financier and convicted felon (d. 2021)
1939 – Klaus Rinke, German contemporary artist
1940 – George Adams, American musician (d. 1992)
1940 – Peter Diamond, American economist
1941 – Hanne Darboven, German painter (d. 2009)
1942 – Dick Chrysler, American politician
1942 – Rennie Fritchie, Baroness Fritchie, English civil servant and academic
1943 – Duane Allen, American country singer
1943 – Brenda Dean, Baroness Dean of Thornton-le-Fylde, English union leader and politician (d. 2018)
1943 – Ruth Deech, Baroness Deech, English lawyer and academic
1944 – Francis Lee, English footballer and businessman (d. 2023)
1945 – Hugh Hopper, English bass guitarist (d. 2009)
1945 – Catherine Lara, French singer-songwriter and violinist
1945 – Tammi Terrell, American soul singer-songwriter (d. 1970)
1946 – Rodney Frelinghuysen, American politician and lobbyist
1947 – Tommy James, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer
1947 – Johnny Miller, American golfer and sportscaster
1947 – Jim Ryun, American runner and politician
1948 – Edith Brown Clement, American judge
1950 – Paul Holmes, New Zealand journalist (d. 2013)
1950 – Phillip Noyce, Australian director and producer
1950 – Debbie Stabenow, American social worker and politician
1951 – Dale Earnhardt, American race car driver (d. 2001)
1951 – Jon Stanhope, Australian politician
1952 – Geraldine Doogue, Australian journalist and television host
1952 – Nora Dunn, American actress and comedian
1952 – Bob McClure, American baseball player and coach
1952 – Dave Valentin, American flautist (d. 2017)
1953 – Bill Drummond, Brittish musician
1954 – Mo Brooks, American attorney and politician
1954 – Jerry Seinfeld, American comedian, actor and producer
1955 – Leslie Jordan, American actor, comedian, writer and singer (d. 2022)
1955 – Kate Mulgrew, American actress
1957 – Daniel Day-Lewis, British-Irish actor
1957 – Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa, Samoan politician, 7th Prime Minister of Samoa
1957 – Joseph Morelle, American politician
1958 – Kevin Moore, English footballer (d. 2013)
1958 – Michelle Pfeiffer, American actress
1958 – Eve Plumb, American actress
1960 – Robert J. Sawyer, Canadian author and academic
1962 – Polly Samson, English novelist, lyricist and journalist
1963 – Mike Babcock, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1964 – Federico Castelluccio, Italian-American actor, director, producer and screenwriter
1965 – Michel Bussi, French geographer, author, and academic
1965 – Amy Krouse Rosenthal, American author (d. 2017)
1966 – Christian Tetzlaff, German violinist
1968 – Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović, Croatian politician and diplomat, 4th President of Croatia
1969 – Paul Adelstein, American actor and writer
1970 – Andre Agassi, American tennis player
1970 – Uma Thurman, American actress
1975 – Garrison Starr, American singer-songwriter and producer
1975 – April Telek, Canadian actress
1976 – Micol Ostow, American author, editor and educator
1976 – God Shammgod, American basketball player and coach
1977 – Zuzana Hejdová, Czech tennis player
1977 – Claus Jensen, Danish international footballer and manager
1977 – David Sullivan, American film and television actor
1978 – Bob Bryan, American tennis player
1978 – Mike Bryan, American tennis player
1978 – Javier Colon, American singer-songwriter and musician
1978 – Tyler Labine, Canadian actor and comedian
1979 – Lee Dong-gook, South Korean footballer
1979 – Jo O'Meara, English pop singer
1980 – Bre Blair, Canadian actress
1981 – George McCartney, Northern Irish footballer
1983 – Megan Boone, American actress
1983 – Jay Cutler, American football player
1983 – Sam Jones III, American actor
1984 – Kirby Cote, Canadian swimmer
1984 – Lina Krasnoroutskaya, Russian tennis player
1986 – Byun Yo-han, South Korean actor
1986 – Lee Chae-young, South Korean actress
1987 – Rob Atkinson, English footballer
1987 – Sara Errani, Italian tennis player
1987 – Andre Russell, Jamaican cricketer
1988 – Alfred Hui, Hong Kong singer
1988 – Taoufik Makhloufi, Algerian athlete
1988 – Jonathan Toews, Canadian ice hockey player
1988 – Younha, South Korean singer-songwriter and record producer
1989 – Candace Owens, American political commentator and activist
1990 – James Faulkner, Australian cricketer
1990 – Chris Johnson, American basketball player
1991 – Adam Smith, English footballer
1991 – Jung Hye-sung, South Korean actress
1991 – Misaki Doi, Japanese tennis player
1992 – Alina Rosenberg, German paralympic equestrian
1994 – Christina Shakovets, German tennis player
1996 – Katherine Langford, Australian actress
1998 – Kimberly Birrell, Australian tennis player
1998 – Mallory Pugh, American soccer player
2002 – Sinja Kraus, Austrian tennis player
2007 – Infanta Sofía of Spain, Spanish princess
Deaths
Pre-1600
1109 – Hugh of Cluny, French abbot (b. 1024)
1380 – Catherine of Siena, Italian mystic, philosopher and saint (b. 1347)
1594 – Thomas Cooper, English bishop, lexicographer, and theologian (b. 1517)
1601–1900
1630 – Agrippa d'Aubigné, French soldier and poet (b. 1552)
1658 – John Cleveland, English poet and author (b. 1613)
1676 – Michiel de Ruyter, Dutch admiral (b. 1607)
1707 – George Farquhar, Irish-English actor and playwright (b. 1678)
1768 – Georg Brandt, Swedish chemist and mineralogist (b. 1694)
1776 – Edward Wortley Montagu, English explorer and author (b. 1713)
1833 – William Babington, Anglo-Irish physician and mineralogist (b. 1756)
1848 – Chester Ashley, American politician (b. 1790)
1854 – Henry Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey, English field marshal and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1768)
1901–present
1903 – Godfrey Carter, Australian businessman and politician, 39th Mayor of Melbourne (b. 1830)
1903 – Paul Du Chaillu, French-American anthropologist and zoologist (b. 1835)
1905 – Ignacio Cervantes, Cuban pianist and composer (b. 1847)
1916 – Jørgen Pedersen Gram, Danish mathematician and academic (b. 1850)
1917 – Florence Farr, British actress, composer and director (b. 1860)
1922 – Richard Croker, Irish American political boss (b. 1843)
1924 – Ernest Fox Nichols, American educator and physicist (b. 1869)
1925 – Ralph Delahaye Paine, American journalist and author (b. 1871)
1933 – Clay Stone Briggs, American politician (b. 1876)
1933 – Constantine P. Cavafy, Greek poet and journalist (b. 1863)
1935 – Leroy Carr, American singer, songwriter and pianist (b. 1905)
1937 – William Gillette, American actor and playwright (b. 1853)
1943 – Joseph Achron, Russian composer and violinist (b. 1886)
1943 – Ricardo Viñes, Spanish pianist (b. 1875)
1944 – Billy Bitzer, American cinematographer (b. 1872)
1944 – Pyotr Stolyarsky, Soviet violinist (b. 1871)
1947 – Irving Fisher, American economist and statistician (b. 1867)
1951 – Ludwig Wittgenstein, Austrian-English philosopher and academic (b. 1889)
1956 – Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb, German field marshal (b. 1876)
1959 – Kenneth Anderson, English soldier and Governor of Gibraltar (b. 1891)
1966 – William Eccles, English physicist and engineer (b. 1875)
1966 – Paula Strasberg, American actress and acting coach (b. 1909)
1967 – J. B. Lenoir, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1929)
1968 – Lin Zhao, Chinese dissident (b. 1932)
1978 – Theo Helfrich, German race car driver (b. 1913)
1979 – Muhsin Ertuğrul, Turkish actor and director (b. 1892)
1979 – Hardie Gramatky, American author and illustrator (b. 1907)
1980 – Alfred Hitchcock, English-American director and producer (b. 1899)
1982 – Raymond Bussières, French actor, producer and screenwriter (b. 1907)
1992 – Mae Clarke, American actress (b. 1910)
1993 – Michael Gordon, American actor and director (b. 1909)
1993 – Mick Ronson, English guitarist, songwriter and producer (b. 1946)
1997 – Mike Royko, American journalist and author (b. 1932)
2000 – Phạm Văn Đồng, Vietnamese lieutenant and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Vietnam (b. 1906)
2001 – Arthur B. C. Walker Jr., American physicist and academic (b. 1936)
2002 – Bob Akin, American race car driver and journalist (b. 1936)
2003 – Janko Bobetko, Croatian Army general and Chief of the General Staff (b. 1919)
2004 – John Henniker-Major, British diplomat and civil servant (b. 1916)
2005 – William J. Bell, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1927)
2005 – Louis Leithold, American mathematician and academic (b. 1924)
2006 – John Kenneth Galbraith, Canadian-American economist and diplomat, United States Ambassador to India (b. 1908)
2007 – Josh Hancock, American baseball player (b. 1978)
2007 – Dick Motz, New Zealand cricketer and rugby player (b. 1940)
2007 – Ivica Račan, Croatian politician, 7th Prime Minister of Croatia (b. 1944)
2008 – Gordon Bradley, English-American footballer (b. 1933)
2008 – Albert Hofmann, Swiss chemist and academic (b. 1906)
2010 – Avigdor Arikha, French-Israeli artist, printmaker and art historian (b. 1929)
2011 – Siamak Pourzand, Iranian journalist and critic (b. 1931)
2011 – Joanna Russ, American writer, academic and radical feminist (b. 1937)
2012 – Shukri Ghanem, Libyan politician, 22nd Prime Minister of Libya (b. 1942)
2012 – Joel Goldsmith, American composer and conductor (b. 1957)
2012 – Roland Moreno. French engineer, invented the smart card (b. 1945)
2012 – Kenny Roberts, American singer-songwriter (b. 1926)
2013 – Alex Elisala, New Zealand-Australian rugby player (b. 1992)
2013 – Pesah Grupper, Israeli politician, 13th Israel Minister of Agriculture (b. 1924)
2013 – John La Montaine, American pianist and composer (b. 1920)
2013 – Kevin Moore, English footballer (b. 1958)
2013 – Marianna Zachariadi, Greek pole vaulter (b. 1990)
2014 – Iveta Bartošová, Czech singer and actress (b. 1966)
2014 – Al Feldstein, American author and illustrator (b. 1925)
2014 – Bob Hoskins, English actor (b. 1942)
2015 – François Michelin, French businessman (b. 1926)
2015 – Jean Nidetch, American businesswoman, co-founded Weight Watchers (b. 1923)
2015 – Calvin Peete, American golfer (b. 1943)
2015 – Dan Walker, American lawyer and politician, 36th Governor of Illinois (b. 1922)
2016 – Renato Corona, Filipino lawyer and jurist, 23rd Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines (b. 1948)
2017 – R. Vidyasagar Rao, Indian bureaucrat and activist (b. 1939)
2018 – Luis García Meza, Bolivian general, 57th President of Bolivia (b. 1929)
2018 – Michael Martin, British politician (b. 1945)
2019 – Josef Šural, Czech footballer (b. 1990)
2020 – Irrfan Khan, Indian actor (b. 1967)
2020 – Guido Münch, Mexican astronomer and astrophysicist (b. 1921)
2021 – Cate Haste, English author (b. 1945)
2022 – Joanna Barnes, American actress and writer (b. 1934)
2023 – Padma Desai, Indian-American development economist (b. 1931)
Holidays and observances
Christian feast day:
Catherine of Siena (Catholic, Lutheran and Anglican Church)
Hugh of Cluny
Robert of Molesme
Wilfrid II
April 29 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Day of Remembrance for all Victims of Chemical Warfare (United Nations)
International Dance Day (UNESCO)
Shōwa Day, traditionally the start of the Golden Week holiday period, which is April 29 and May 3–5. (Japan)
References
External links
BBC: On This Day
Historical Events on April 29
Days of the year
April |
Marc Marut (born April 11, 1979) is a Canadian actor best known for playing the mentally deranged Johnny McFarley in the 1994 horror film The Paperboy when he was 14 years old. He has acted and appeared in various television series and films including the TV adaptation of Welcome to Dead House, Road to Avonlea, Kung Fu: The Legend Continues, Tekwar, Harrison Bergeron, and Street Legal.
Personal life
Marut was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba and started his acting career in 1985 as Gavroche in the first Canadian production of Les Misérables in Toronto, Ontario. As a child actor, Marut gained mainstream attention outside of Canada for his lead role in The Paperboy, a film which was critically panned but has also since received a cult following. He is also known for playing Ray, a boy killed by mutated workers at a chemical factory in a small town, in Welcome to Dead House. He has appeared in a number of films, television series, theatrical productions and television commercials, mostly Canadian-based.
Filmography
References
External links
https://coolass.tv
Canadian male television actors
Canadian male film actors
1979 births
Living people |
Halestan (, also Romanized as Halestān; also known as Halvestān) is a village in Malfejan Rural District, in the Central District of Siahkal County, Gilan Province, Iran. As of the 2006 census, its population was 299, with 75 families.
References
Populated places in Siahkal County |
This is a list of trade unions in the United Kingdom formed under UK labour law. The criteria for being an independent trade union, free from employer influence and domination, are set out in the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 section 5. The body which oversees unions, and awards a certificate of independence for the purpose of collective bargaining is the Trades Union Certification Officer. For the context and history see Trade unions in the United Kingdom.
Union confederations
General Federation of Trade Unions (GFTU)
Scottish Trades Union Congress (STUC)
Trades Union Congress (TUC)
Independent unions
The following is a list of trade unions that are Certificated as independent by the Certification Officer, as of 14 July 2020.
Other independent unions
Accord
Advance
Affinity
Artists' Union England
Associated Train Crew Union
Association for Clinical Biochemistry
Association of Educational Psychologists
Association of Local Authority Chief Executives
Association of Revenue and Customs
Association of School and College Leaders
Britannia Staff Union
British Association of Dental Nurses
British Association of Journalists
British Association of Occupational Therapists
British Dental Association
British Dietetic Association
British Orthoptic Society
Chartered Society of Physiotherapy
Ellington Branch of the North East Area of the National Union of Mineworkers*
FDA
Fire Officers Association
Guild of Professional Teachers of Dance, Movement to Music and Dramatic Arts
Immigration Service Union (ISU)
Independent Democratic Union
Independent Pilots Association
Institute of Journalists Trade Union
International Transport Workers Federation*
Leek United Building Society Staff Association
National Association of Co-operative Officials
National Association of Head Teachers
National Association of NFU Group Secretaries
National Association of Stable Staff
National Crime Officers Association
National Society for Education in Art and Design
Nationwide Group Staff Union
Pharmacists' Defence Association Union (PDA Union)
PPU
Prison Governors Association
Retail Book Stationery and Allied Trades Employees Association
Retained Firefighters Union
Royal College of Midwives
Sales Staff Association
SKYSHARE
Social Workers Union (SWU)
Society of Authors
Society of Union Employees (UNISON)
Staff Union West Bromwich Building Society
Union of Democratic Mineworkers
United Road Transport Union
VOICE
Workers Uniting
Workers of England Union
Scotland only
Aegis the Union
Association of Headteachers and Deputes in Scotland
Scottish Secondary Teachers' Association
United and Independent Union
Northern Ireland only
Belfast Airport Police Association
Financial Services Union
Independent Workers Union
Irish National Teachers' Organisation
Lough Neagh Fishermen's Association
Northern Ireland Public Service Alliance
SIPTU (Services, Industrial, Professional & Technical Union)
Ulster Teachers' Union
Non-independent unions
The following is a list of trade unions that have not been certificated as independent by the Certification Officer 31 March 2017.
App Drivers & Couriers Union (ADCU)
Alliance for Finance
ASPSU
Association of Flight Attendants*
Association of Somerset Inseminators
Association of Trade Union Political and Public Sector Staff*
Balfour Beatty Group Staff Association
Blue Chip Staff Association
Boots Pharmacists Association
City Screen Staff Forum
Confederation of Shipbuilding and Engineering Unions*
Criminal Justice Workers Union*
Currys Supply Chain Staff Association
Disabled Workers Union
Employees Representatives*
Employees United
Federation of Entertainment Unions*
G4S Care and Justice Services Staff Association
General Federation of Trade Unions
Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference
Independent Workers Union of Great Britain
Institute of Football Management and Administration
International Transport Workers Federation*
Leeds Building Society Colleague Association
Leicestershire Overmen Deputies and Shotfirers Association
Locum Doctors Association
MyUnion
National House Building Council Staff Association
News Union
North of England Zoological Society Staff Association
Palm Paper Staff Association
Professional Cricketers' Association
Professional Footballers' Association
Professional Footballers' Association Scotland*
RSPB Staff Association
Rugby Players Association
Scottish Colliery Enginemen Boilermen and Tradesmens Association*
Society of Local Council Clerks*
Union of Country Sports Workers
United Voices of the World
Warwick International Staff Association
Welsh Rugby Players Association
Scotland only
Association of College Staff Scotland
Independent Federation of Nursing in Scotland
Professional Footballers' Association Scotland*
Scottish Artists Union
Scottish Colliery Enginemen Boilermen and Tradesmens Association*
Northern Ireland
IMPACT
Historical unions
Altogether Builders' Labourers and Constructional Workers' Society
Amalgamated Association of Carters and Motormen
Amalgamated Carters, Lorrymen and Motormen's Union
Amalgamated Engineering and Electrical Union (AEEU)
Amalgamated Marine Workers' Union (AMWU)
Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners (ASCJ)
Amalgamated Society of Engineers, Machinists, Millwrights, Smiths and Pattern Makers (ASE)
Amalgamated Society of Foremen Lightermen of River Thames
Amalgamated Society of Watermen, Lightermen and Bargemen
Associated Horsemen's Union
Association of Cinematograph Television and Allied Technicians (ACTT, now in BECTU)
Association of Coastwise Masters, Mates and Engineers
Association of University Teachers AUT
Association of Principal Fire Officers
Association of Professional Ambulance Personnel
Belfast Breadservers' Association
Belfast Journeymen Butchers' Association
Belfast Operative Bakers' Union
British Association of Colliery Management
British Seafarers' Union (BSU)
Broadcasting, Entertainment, Cinematograph and Theatre Union
Burnley, Nelson, Rossendale and District Textile Workers' Union
Cardiff, Penarth and Barry Coal Trimmers' Union
Chemical Workers' Union
Civil and Public Services Association (CPSA)
Community and Youth Workers' Union
Confederation of Health Service Employees (COHSE)
Connect (???–2010) (now in Prospect)
Cumberland Enginemen, Boilermen and Electrical Workers' Union
Dock, Wharf, Riverside and General Labourers' Union (DWRGLU)
Dundee Pilots
Electricity Supply Staff Association (Dublin)
Federation of Professional Railway Staff
File Grinders' Society
Gibraltar Apprentices and Ex-Apprentices Union
Gibraltar Confederation of Labour
Gibraltar Labour Trades Union
Government Civil Employees' Association
Grangemouth Pilots' Association
Greenock Sugar Porters' Association
Grimsby Steam and Diesel Fishing Vessels Engineers' and Firemen's Union
Halifax and District Carters' and Motormen's Association
Humber Amalgamated Steam Trawlers' Engineers, and Firemen's Union
Imperial War Graves Commission Staff Association
Institution of Professional Civil Servants
Irish Mental Hospital Workers' Union
Irish Union of Hairdressers and Allied Workers
Iron and Steel Trades Confederation (ISTC)
Iron, Steel and Wood Barge Builders and Helpers Association
Labour Protection League
Leith and Granston Pilots
Liverpool and District Carters' and Motormen's Union
London Co-operative Mutuality Club Collectors' Association
Lurgan Hemmers' Veiners' and General Workers' Union
Manchester Ship Canal Pilots' Association
Manufacturing Science and Finance (MSF)
Methil Pilots
National Amalgamated Coal Workers' Union
National Amalgamated Labourers' Union
National Amalgamated Stevedores' and Dockers' Society
National Amalgamated Union of Enginemen, Firemen, Mechanics, Motormen and Electrical Workers
National Association of Colliery Overmen, Deputies and Shotfirers
National Association of Colliery Overmen, Deputies and Shotfirers (South Wales Area)
National Association of Local Government Officers (NALGO, now in UNISON)
National Association of Operative Plasterers
National Association of Teachers in Further and Higher Education NATFHE (www.natfhe.org.uk). Now amalgamated into the University and College Union (www.ucu.org.uk), along with the AUT
National Association of Youth Hostel Wardens
National Federation of SubPostmasters
National Glass Bottle Makers' Society
National Glass Workers' Trade Protection Association
National Union of British Fishermen
National Union of Agricultural and Allied Workers
National Union of Civil and Public Servants (NUCPS)
National Union of Co-operative Insurance Society Employees
National Union of Dock Labourers (NUDL)
National Union of Docks, Wharves and Shipping Staffs
National Union of Dyers, Bleachers and Textile Workers
National Union of Knitwear, Footwear & Apparel Trades (KFAT)
Miners' Federation of Great Britain
National Union of Public Employees (NUPE)
National Union of Railwaymen (NUR)
National Union of Seamen (NUS)
National Union of Shale Miners and Oil Workers
National Union of Ships' Clerks, Grain Weighers and Coalmeters
National Union of Ship's Stewards (NUSSCBB)
National Union of Vehicle Builders
National Union of Vehicle Workers
National Winding and General Engineers' Society
North of England Engineers' and Firemen's Amalgamation
North of England Trimmers' and Teemers Association
North of Ireland Operative Butchers' and Allied Workers' Association
North of Scotland Horse and Motormen's Association
North Wales Craftsmen and General Workers' Union
North Wales Quarrymen's Union
Northern Carpet Trades Union
Northern Ireland Textile Workers' Union
Northern Textile and Allied Workers' Union
Operative Bricklayers' Society (OBS)
Port of Liverpool Staff Association
Port of London Deal Porters' Union
Portadown Textile Workers' Union
Power Loom Tenters' Trade Union of Ireland
Process and General Workers' Union
Radcliffe and District Enginemen and Boilermen's Provident Society
Scottish Busmen's Union
Scottish Commercial Motormen's Union
Scottish Farm Servants' Association
Scottish Primary Teachers' Association (2011–2012)
Scottish Seafishers' Union
Scottish Slaters, Tilers, Roofers and Cement Workers' Society
Scottish Textile Workers' Union
Scottish Transport and General Workers' Union (Docks)
Scottish Union of Dock Labourers (SUDL)
Sheffield Amalgamated Union of File Trades
Shield Guarding Staff Association
Staff Association for Royal Automobile Club Employees
Staff Association of Bank of Baroda (UK Region)
SURGE (Skipton Union Representing Group Employees)
Technical, Administrative and Supervisory Section, now part of Amicus
Union of Bookmakers Employees
Union of Kodak Workers
United Cut Nail Makers of Great Britain Protection Society
UFS
United Fishermen's Union
United Order of General Labourers
United Vehicle Workers
Unity
Watermen, Lightermen, Tugmen and Bargemen's Union
Weaver Watermen's Association
Whatman Staff Association
Workers' Union
Yorkshire Independent Staff Association
See also
FTSE 100 and FT 30
Labour Party (UK) affiliated trade union
List of hedge funds
List of largest United Kingdom employers
List of students' unions in the United Kingdom
List of trade unions in Germany
List of trade unions in the United States
List of Transport and General Workers' Union amalgamations
List of unions
Teachers' trade unions in the United Kingdom
Trade Union and Labour Party Liaison Organisation
UK labour law
Key - Asterisk after name = Trade unions known to the Certification Officer but not applying to be included in the list for 31 March 2014
Notes
References
E McGaughey, 'Democracy or Oligarchy? Models of Union Governance in the UK, Germany and US' (2017) ssrn.com
External links
Certification Officer
Trade unions
United Kingdom
Trade unions
es:Trade union |
Odenas is a commune in the Rhône department in eastern France.
See also
Communes of the Rhône department
References
Communes of Rhône (department)
Rhône communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
Bal Bhavan International School is a public school located in Sector - 12 of Dwarka, New Delhi, India.
History
Bal Bhavan International School runs under the Lagan Kala Upvan Society founded in 1970.
Its foundation was laid by Shri G.C. Lagan in 2004. During its initial campus planning, the school made special provision for a vast playground, where most outdoor games would be played.
Ranking
In a survey by The Times of India's Times School Survey in 2022, Bal Bhavan International School has been ranked as the 3rd best school in DWARKA in 2022.
According to dwarkadelhi.com it is among top 20 schools in Dwarka.
Curriculum
The school is affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi. Class IX and X students are prepared for the All India Secondary School Examinations (AISSE), whereas Class XI to XII students are prepared for the All India Senior School Certificate Examinations (AISSCE).
The Streams of Science, Commerce, Humanities, Computer Science and Mass Media Studies & Media Productions are offered at Senior Secondary Level.
Bal Bhavan International School is Among few schools in Delhi to offer Mass Media Studies & Media Productions stream.
Sports
The school possesses an indoor sports centre of and an outdoor play field of .
The indoor sports center includes a basketball, volleyball and badminton court, a skating area and table tennis tables. The outdoor play field includes cricket, football and handball courts. The school has introduced shooting also from April'2018.
The cricket tournament is organised by the school in memory of Sh. B. K. Gupta, one of its founding members. Out of 7 Tournaments, 5 are won by Bal Bhavan International School, Dwarka.
Bal Bhavan International School in association with Jawahar lal Nehru Sports Trust participated in INTERNATIONAL
UNDER 16 YEARS BOYS CRICKET TOURNAMENT organised by Bradman Foundation and School Sport Australia at Bradman Oval, Bowral, New South Wales, Australia. It also won International School Cricket Premier League, 2014 & became the first & only Indian School to win that tournament which was played in CMS, Lucknow.
Notable alumni
Yash Dhull (born 11 November 2002) is an Indian cricketer. He made his first-class cricket debut for the Delhi cricket team in the 2021–22 Ranji Trophy in February 2022, scoring two centuries on debut as an opening batsman. He has played for the India national under-19 cricket team, including in India's winning side at the 2022 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup and 2021 ACC Under-19 Asia Cup captaining the side in both tournaments. He was taken to a local academy at Bharati College at a tender age of 6 before moving to Bal Bhawan school's academy when he was 11 years old under coach Rajesh Nagar.
Anuj Rawat (born 17 October 1999) is an Indian cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Delhi in the 2017–18 Ranji Trophy on 6 October 2017. He made his Twenty20 debut for Delhi in the 2018–19 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy on 21 February 2019. He made his List A debut on 4 October 2019, for Delhi in the 2019–20 Vijay Hazare Trophy. He did his schooling at Bal Bhavan International School.
Dinesh Mor (born 10 October 1995) is an Indian cricketer. He made his List A debut on 25 September 2019, for Railways in the 2019–20 Vijay Hazare Trophy. He made his Twenty20 debut on 8 November 2019, for Railways in the 2019–20 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. He made his first-class debut on 9 December 2019, for Railways in the 2019–20 Ranji Trophy. He did his schooling at Bal Bhavan International School.
Maithili Thakur is an Indian singer. She rose to fame in 2017 when she took part in season 1 of Rising Star. Maithili was the first finalist of the show, singing Om Namah Shivaya which gained her direct entry into the final. She came second, losing out by just two votes. Following the show, her internet popularity rose. On YouTube and Facebook her videos now get up to 7 million views. She sings Maithili and Bhojpuri songs including chhath songs and kajris. She also sings a variety of Bollywood covers and other traditional folk music from other states. She did her schooling from Bal Bhavan International School
References
External links
Bal Bhavan International School
B.K Gupta Memorial Tournament
Youtube
Facebook
ECO CLUB
Private schools in Delhi
Educational institutions established in 2004
2004 establishments in Delhi |
Euller is a given name. It may refer to:
Euller (footballer, born 1971), Euller Elias de Carvalho, Brazilian football forward
Euller (footballer, born 1995), Elosman Euller Silva Cavalcanti, Brazilian football left-back
See also
Euler (disambiguation) |
Ice Wonderland was a tech-driven theme park created by Chinese sculptors. It was located at Kandawgyi Park in the Yangon region of Southeast Asia. The park was a joint venture between Jian Xi Long Dai Culture Limited and Asia Myanmar Consortium Development. Construction of the park began in September 2011 and it opened to the public on February 25, 2012, but closed a year later.
Ice Wonderland consisted of massive ice sculptures, featuring characters such as the Smurfs and the Seven Dwarves, contained within a gigantic freezer. Sculpture displays were kept between -5 °C and -10 °C, and were changed every three months to preserve their appearance and to prevent melting. Jackets and rubber boots were provided to customers, who had to first adjust due to the great temperature difference between the park and the outside. Other attractions included an ice slide, toboggan rides for children, an arcade area with a variety of games, and an attraction called Fire Man, where players can act as a fireman and spray water onto a screen to put out a fire. 5D movies and snacks were also to be available to park attendees.
Entrance fees
The entrance fee was 4000 kyat (US$4.06) for adults and 3000 kyat (US$3.05) for children.
References
Buildings and structures in Yangon |
Sympathetic Resonance is a collaborative studio album by singer John Arch and guitarist Jim Matheos (credited as Arch/Matheos), released on September 9, 2011 through Metal Blade Records.
Background
Matheos founded the progressive metal band Fates Warning in 1983, while Arch left the band in 1987 and retired from the music business after having served as lead vocalist on their first three albums. Both musicians reunited on Arch's 2003 EP A Twist of Fate, after which Matheos contacted Arch about re-emerging from retirement, having himself written the first few songs for a new Fates Warning album. Upon Matheos' realization that the next Fates Warning album would be delayed for several years, he opted to record the music with Arch as part of a new album. The three songs initially intended for Fates Warning which ultimately appeared on Sympathetic Resonance were "Neurotically Wired", "Midnight Serenade" and "Stained Glass Sky". Fates Warning's subsequent album, Darkness in a Different Light, was released in 2013.
Critical reception
Trey Spencer at Sputnikmusic gave Sympathetic Resonance a score of 4.5 out of 5, calling it "modern, guitar-driven progressive metal featuring an all-star lineup that manages to avoid falling into a cycle of self-indulgent tangents." He made it a point to stress that the album is neither an "unofficial Fates Warning release" nor "Awaken the Guardian Part II", and that it "sounds nothing like what Fates Warning have been doing lately." Arch's vocals were described as "still as powerful and unique as they've always been" despite his lengthy absence from making full-length music. Spencer also noted that longtime fans of Arch's style would not be disappointed, while also acknowledging a potential adjustment period for new listeners.
Track listing
Personnel
John Arch – vocals
Jim Matheos – guitar, mixing, production
Frank Aresti – additional guitar solos
Bobby Jarzombek – drums
Joey Vera – bass, engineering
Phil Magnotti – engineering, mixing
Alan Douches – mastering
Chart performance
References
External links
"Arch/Matheos | Sympathetic Resonance" at Hard Rock Haven
2011 albums
Metal Blade Records albums |
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The 2013 FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship was the 9th edition of the event. It was held in Betim, Brazil from 15 to 20 October 2013. Sada Cruzeiro won the title for the first time in front their home crowd. Wallace de Souza was named Most Valuable Player.
Qualification
Pools composition
Squads
Venue
Pool standing procedure
Match points
Number of matches won
Sets ratio
Points ratio
Result of the last match between the tied teams
Match won 3–0 or 3–1: 3 match points for the winner, 0 match points for the loser
Match won 3–2: 2 match points for the winner, 1 match point for the loser
Preliminary round
All times are Brasília Time (UTC−03:00).
Pool A
Pool B
Final round
Times of 19 October are Brasília Time (UTC−03:00) and times of 20 October are Brasília Summer Time (UTC−02:00).
Semifinals
3rd place match
Final
Final standing
Awards
Most valuable player
Wallace de Souza (Sada Cruzeiro)
Best setter
William Arjona (Sada Cruzeiro)
Best Outside Spikers
Yoandy Leal (Sada Cruzeiro)
Lukáš Diviš (Lokomotiv Novosibirsk)
Best Middle Blockers
Emanuele Birarelli (Trentino Diatec)
Matteo Burgsthaler (Trentino Diatec)
Best opposite spiker
Tsvetan Sokolov (Trentino Diatec)
Best libero
Sérgio Nogueira (Sada Cruzeiro)
External links
Official website
Final Standing
Awards
Statistics
2013 FIVB Men's Club World Championship
FIVB Men's Club World Championship
FIVB Men's Club World Championship
FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship
FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship
Sport in Minas Gerais |
Longlevens, originally Longleavens, is a suburb of Gloucester, in Gloucestershire, England. It developed from a farmstead during the twentieth century, the name may be based on the old Roman name Colonia Glevensis, or the name could be based on an original field name "Long Elevens". This could have related to a long field about eleven acres therefore this could have been adopted as a name for the hamlet, first recorded in 1750, as part of the estate of Gloucester Cathedral. One of the oldest roads is 'The Avenue', which is shown on old maps as a number of farm cottages built in the 1850s. The population of Longlevens was 9,532 at the time of the 2011 Census.
History
Wotton St. Mary (Without), save for a few acres given to Barnwood and Churchdown, was included with parts of Barnwood, Churchdown, and Hucclecote in the new civil parish of Longlevens, north-east of Gloucester. Parts of Longlevens were added to Gloucester in 1951 and in 1967 when the remainder was re-formed as Innsworth civil parish.
Orcharding, which was increased at Innsworth in the mid 19th century, remained an important feature and in 1896 covered at least 172 a. in the parishes of Gloucester, Longford, Tuffley, Twigworth, and Wotton St. Mary (Without). The demands of Gloucester's growing population in the 19th century increased market gardening in the hamlets and by 1843 J. C. Wheeler's nurseries included a large area between Kingsholm and Wotton. In 1851 market gardeners were fairly numerous in Longford and Twigworth, and later there were several market gardens and nurseries at Longlevens (called Springfield) and Innsworth.
Housing
Longlevens developed its housing from the 1880s onwards with the fields along the main routes through the original village. Plots were created in Cheltenham and Church Roads, at the Longlevens crossroads housing began to develop from the Edwardian period onward. Longford & Innsworth Lanes were simply country lanes before they became the busy throughways we know today. Gloucestershire Archives have retained many of the original plans for housing within the suburb. The earliest building control files date from 1909 when the area was under the control of the Gloucester Rural District Council.
The Wellsprings estate began its life in 1933 when a Swindon-based builder A.J. Colborne put an application in to build 28 houses on the site. All streets within the estate are named after locations in the Lake District, apart from Wellsprings Road. Which is named after a property that used to sit on Cheltenham Road between Elmbridge Road and Oxstalls Lane. All the streets were officially named in January 1935 according to the Gloucester Journal 1st January 1935. The estate was completed by 1938. In 1948 a new section of the estate was added with the building of local authority housing called The Triangle. The contract was awarded to Ashmores (Builders) of Gloucester. The houses were completed around 1951.
Character and facilities
Longlevens is primarily residential, and is home to Sir Thomas Rich's School, Holy Trinity Church, Kendal Road Baptist Church, Longlevens Junior School, Longlevens Infants School and various shops, including a Co-op and Tesco Express, takeaways including the Balti Hut, Spicy Kalkata Club, Oxstalls Fryer and Ruddy's Fish and Chips along with local businesses including Farr & Farr Estate Agents, CMG Property Management.
Flooding
A small part of Longlevens was affected by the July 2007 floods; this caused Horsbere Brook, which skirts its Eastern edge to flood several homes and roads, particularly Greyhound Gardens and Cypress Gardens.
Football and greyhound racing
Of clubs playing association football the most important was Gloucester City Association Football Club, originating in 1889 and re-formed in 1925. From 1935 it had its ground at Longlevens and in 1964 it moved to a new stadium in Horton Road, which was later also used for greyhound racing. A more important centre for greyhound racing was the Gloucester & Cheltenham Stadium which opened in 1933 and closed in 1983. Longlevens is also home to a thriving semi-professional team in Longlevens AFC who have a range of adult, women's, youth and junior teams playing at several locations in the area (Longford Lane, Innsworth Lane and Longlevens Infant School).
References
External links
http://www.longlevens.org/
http://www.mylonglevens.co.uk/
Areas of Gloucester |
Evalljapyx heterurus is a species of forcepstail in the family Japygidae. It is found in Central America.
References
Diplura
Articles created by Qbugbot
Animals described in 1911 |
Alan Banks is the name of:
Inspector Alan Banks, fictional protagonist of Peter Robinson's series of novels
Alan Banks (footballer) (born 1938), retired English professional footballer
Alan Banks (rugby league) (born 1965), English rugby league footballer of the 1980s and 1990s |
The Budapest–Hegyeshalom railway line is a major east–west railway line in Hungary. It runs from Budapest Keleti station, one of the three principal terminals in Budapest, to , near the frontier with Austria. The line is double-tracked, electrified, and carries significant domestic and international traffic. Hungarian State Railways owns and operates the line.
Route
The Budapest–Hegyeshalom railway line originates at Budapest Keleti station, one of the three principal passenger terminals in Budapest. From there, the line makes a clockwise circle, crossing the Danube at Ferencváros and connecting with the at . Major junctions along the line include , and . At , the line connects with the Eastern Railway, which continues into Austria. A branch line, the , turns north to serve Bratislava via Rajka.
Operation
The Budapest–Hegyeshalom railway line carries a significant number of domestic and international trains. Railjet and EuroCity trains operating via Budapest Keleti serve München Hauptbahnhof, Zürich Hauptbahnhof, Wien Hauptbahnhof, , and . InterCity trains run regularly between Tatabánya and or . The and of the suburban network in Budapest originate from Budapest Déli station and provide local service over the line between Kelenföld and Győr.
References
External links
Railway lines in Hungary |
Marcin Knackfus (), also known in Lithuanian as Martynas Knakfusas, was an architect, professor, and military captain from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
He was first person to introduce Neoclassical architecture in Lithuania. He designed several important buildings in Vilnius, the capital and largest city of Lithuania.
Biography
Marcin Knackfus was born in Wólka Ostrożeńska, Poland, near the city of Garwolin. his date of birth is not known but is estimated based on the assumption that he was around 25 years old in 1767 when his first child was born and when he joined the army of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as construction engineer. He held the rank of captain. Knackfus first moved to Vilnius around 1768.
Knackfus studied architecture in Warsaw and was influenced by other local architects of late Baroque (Ephraim Schröger and Szymon Bogumił Zug) and early Neoclassicism (Domenico Merlini and Johann Christian Kammsetzer). Knackfus taught at the Lithuanian Engineering Corps military school from 1769 until 1773 before becoming the first professor of architecture at Vilnius University until 1777.
In April 1771, Bishop of Vilnius Ignacy Jakub Massalski ordered Knackfus to survey a corner of the Vilnius Cathedral that had been damaged after a front tower of the cathedral collapsed in 1769. He drew up blueprints of the reconstruction, and after five reconstruction attempts, the cathedral was rebuilt in 1777 under the supervision of famous Lithuanian architect and former student of Knackfus, Laurynas Gucevičius.
In 1773, Knackfus became an architect of the Commission of National Education and prepared projects for schools. From 1788 on, Knackfus mostly designed reconstruction projects for the city of Vilnius as well as residences for Lithuanian nobles. These include the homes of Heinrich de Reuss LXIII, the Łopaciński family, Andrzej Abramowicz, and Antoni Tyzenhaus. Knackfus worked with numerous nobles, including Vilnius bishops Ignacy Jakub Massalski and Ignacy Krasicki, Field Hetman Ludwik Tyszkiewicz, voivode Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł, Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski, and Grand Marshal Stanisław Lubomirski.
Works
Verkiai Palace in Verkiai, Vilnius (1769–1781)
Late Baroque Church of the Holy Trinity in Troškūnai (1774–1787)
Šuazeliai Palace, home of Heinrich de Reuss LXIII, prince of the House of Reuss, at Liejyklos Street, Daukantas Square, Vilnius Old Town (1775)
An expansion of Vilnius University Astronomical Observatory in Vilnius Old Town (1782–1788)
Vilnius Botanical Garden in Antakalnis (1784)
Late Baroque Church of St. Jacob in Kurtuvėnai (1783–1792)
Altar in the Church of All Saints in Vilnius (1787)
Project for the New Arsenal at the Vilnius Castle Complex
St. Bartholomew Church in Užupis, Vilnius (1788)
Supervised the construction of the Green Bridge in Vilnius (1789)
Renovations to the Church of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Trakai (1789–1790)
Abramavičiai Palace, home of Andrzej Abramowicz, Polish castellan and nobleman (present-day Vilnius Conservatory of Juozas Tallat-Kelpša), Vilnius (1790)
Tyzenhaus Palace, home of Antoni Tyzenhaus, Major General of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, at Trakų Street in Vilnius Old Town (around 1790)
Archives of the Lithuanian Tribunal in Vilnius (1790)
Łopaciński Palace, home of the wealthy Łopaciński family at Skapo Streer in Vilnius Old Town (1791)
Manor and park in Paežeriai, Vilkaviškis District (1794)
Parish school in Troškūnai, Utena County (1796)
Designed layout of Basanavičius street in Vilnius (1798)
Personal life
Knackfus married Agnieszka Pawłowska in 1767. They had two children, Joachim and Katarzyna.
Knackfus was a freemason and was a member of three Masonic lodges in Vilnius. Through his masonic connections, he became a supporter of Tadeusz Kościuszko and the 1794 Kościuszko Uprising. Upon the failure of the uprising, Russian forces stormed Vilnius and burnt down many buildings in the Sereikiškės area of Vilnius where Knackfus lived. Fearing retribution for his involvement, Knackfus moved to the Suwałki Region on the Lithuania–Poland border.
He died in Vilnius .
References
Bibliography
Neoclassical architecture in Lithuania
1740 births
1821 deaths
Lithuanian architects
Architects from Vilnius
Kościuszko insurgents
Academic staff of Vilnius University
Lithuanian Army officers
Lithuanian artists |
```ruby
class Kubecolor < Formula
desc "Colorize your kubectl output"
homepage "path_to_url"
url "path_to_url"
sha256 your_sha256_hash
license "MIT"
bottle do
sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, arm64_sonoma: your_sha256_hash
sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, arm64_ventura: your_sha256_hash
sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, arm64_monterey: your_sha256_hash
sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, sonoma: your_sha256_hash
sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, ventura: your_sha256_hash
sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, monterey: your_sha256_hash
sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, x86_64_linux: your_sha256_hash
end
depends_on "go" => :build
depends_on "kubernetes-cli" => :test
def install
ldflags = "-s -w -X main.Version=v#{version}"
system "go", "build", *std_go_args(output: bin/"kubecolor", ldflags:)
end
test do
assert_match "v#{version}", shell_output("#{bin}/kubecolor --kubecolor-version 2>&1")
# kubecolor should consume the '--plain' flag
assert_match "get pods -o yaml", shell_output("KUBECTL_COMMAND=echo #{bin}/kubecolor get pods --plain -o yaml")
end
end
``` |
The Raoul () was a Byzantine aristocratic family of Norman origin, prominent during the Palaiologan period. From the 14th century on, they were also known as Ral[l]es (). The feminine form of the name was Raoulaina ().
Origin
The exact origin of the family is unknown. It has been suggested that it was founded by Rudolph Peel de Lan, a Norman who was sent as ambassador to Emperor Nikephoros III Botaneiates (r. 1078–1081) and whom Anna Komnene records as "Raoul" in her history. However, no source mentions a defection to the Byzantines. Another view holds that Raoul was another ambassador sent in 1080, and brother of Roger "the son of Dagobert", who defected to the Byzantines at the same time and forced Raoul to flee to the imperial court as well.
Branches
The first member of the family appears in 1108, when "Humbert, son of Graoul [Raoul]", a councillor of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118) was part of the Byzantine delegation that signed the Treaty of Devol. The family is less prominent during the remainder of the century, although they were by all accounts prosperous landowners, with large estates in Thrace, and members of the imperial aristocracy.
In 1195, the sebastos Constantine Raoul supported the usurpation of Alexios III Angelos (r. 1195–1203). His possible son, the protovestiarios Alexios Raoul, was a senior military leader under John III Vatatzes (r. 1222–1254), but was not favoured by Theodore II Laskaris (r. 1254–1258), who stripped him of his title and imprisoned his four sons. The family thus sided with Michael VIII Palaiologos (r. 1259–1282). He appointed Alexios' eldest son, John Raoul Petraliphas, as protovestiarios, while another, Manuel, was made pinkernes. Manuel and a third brother, Isaac, supported Patriarch Arsenios Autoreianos in opposing the Union of the Churches however, and were arrested and blinded. John in the meantime had wed Theodora Palaiologina Kantakouzene, who after his death became a nun and one of the best-known literati of Constantinople in the last decades of the 13th century. Under Andronikos II Palaiologos (r. 1282–1328), their son Alexios was megas domestikos and one of his sons megas stratopedarches.
Another Alexios Raoul was megas domestikos after 1333. Manuel Raoul was a writer and official who spent part of his career in the Despotate of the Morea.
The family declined after the mid-14th century, except for its Moreote branch, which flourished and was active up to the time of the Ottoman conquest. The brothers Thomas and George Rallis led a rebellion against the Ottomans in 1458/1460. Other members of the family accompanied princess Sophia Palaiologina to Muscovy, where they served as diplomats.
Sources and bibliography |
Ouassim Oumaiz (born 30 March 1999) is a Spanish long-distance runner. He is the Spanish national record holder in the 5km road race with a time of 13:19, which he set in 2020 at the Seven Hills 5K Invitational. He also won the Cross de Atapuerca cross-country race in 2019.
Personal bests
Outdoor
1500 m: 3:36.83 (Nerja 2021)
3000 m: 7:40.62 (Barcelona 2020)
5000 m: 13:06.74 (Huelva 2022)
5km: 13:19 (Nijmegen 2020) NR
10km: 28:35 (Madrid 2020)
Indoor
1500 m: 3:47.41 (Ourense 2018)
3000 m: 7:44.39 (Madrid 2020)
Achievements
References
1999 births
Living people
Spanish male long-distance runners
Sportspeople from the Province of Málaga
Spanish sportspeople of Moroccan descent |
Al Shearer (born August 14, 1977) is an American actor. He portrayed Nevil Shed in the 2006 Disney blockbuster Glory Road, produced by Jerry Bruckheimer. Shearer might be best known for his role on the MTV series Punk'd, or as "Hits" - host of the once-popular BET series Hits from the Street.
Shearer was born in Columbus, Ohio. Hits began his humble career at BET as the host of a show titled, "Game Room." Later, he honed his skills in front of the camera as the DC correspondent for the award-winning teen show, Teen Summit. He would then go on to host a morning hip-hop show at WPGC-FM/AM (CBS Radio) in Washington, DC. However, it is his 'you so crazy' personality that draws attention to his very candid, yet comedic, persona which he portrays easily on as well as off camera. Hits has also been featured in a Reebok commercial with 2000 NBA rookie of the year, Steve Francis.
Hits earned a B.A. in Broadcast Journalism from Howard University and presently resides in the Los Angeles area. He is currently the host of the BET prank show, Played by Fame.
He is also married to Model and Actress Niresha Kalaichelvam.
Filmography
External links
1977 births
Living people
African-American male actors
American male film actors
Male actors from Columbus, Ohio
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American people |
Macmillan Inc. is a defunct American book publishing company originally established as the American division of the British Macmillan Publishers. The two were later separated and acquired by other companies, with the remnants of the original American division of Macmillan present in McGraw-Hill Education's Macmillan/McGraw-Hill textbooks, Gale's Macmillan Reference USA division, and some trade imprints of Simon & Schuster (Scribner, Free Press, and Atheneum Books) that were transferred when both companies were owned by Paramount Communications.
The German publisher Holtzbrinck, which bought the British Macmillan in 1999, purchased US rights to the Macmillan name in 2001 and rebranded its American division with it in 2007.
History
Brett family
George Edward Brett opened the first Macmillan office in the United States in 1869 and Macmillan sold its U.S. operations to the Brett family, George Platt Brett Sr. and George Platt Brett Jr. in 1896, resulting in the creation of an American company, Macmillan US (in which Macmillan Publishers held stake until 1951). Even with the split of the American company from its parent company in Britain, George Brett Jr. and Harold Macmillan remained close personal friends.
George P. Brett Jr. made the following comments in a letter dated 23 January 1947 to Daniel Macmillan about his family's devotion to the American publishing industry:
For the record my grandfather was employed by Macmillan's of England as a salesman. He came to the United States with his family in the service of Macmillan's of England and built up a business of approximately $50,000 before he died. He was succeeded . . . by my father, who eventually incorporated The Macmillan Company of New York and built up business of about $9,000,000. I succeeded my father, and we currently doing a business of approximately $12,000,000. So then, the name of Brett and the name of Macmillan have been and are synonymous in the United States.
Under the leadership of the Brett family, Macmillan served as the publisher of American authors, Winston Churchill, Margaret Mitchell, who wrote Gone with the Wind, and Jack London, author of White Fang and Call of the Wild.
The Bretts remained in control of the American offices of Macmillan from its creation in 1869 to the early 1960s, "a span matched by few other families in the history of United States business."
Macmillan Publishers sold its stake in Macmillan US in 1951 and later re-entered American publishing industry with the founding of St. Martin's Press in 1952.
Velikovsky's Worlds in Collision
In spite of strong protest of leading astronomers of the time, Macmillan US published in 1950 Imanuel Velikovsky's Worlds in Collision. When Macmillan US was threatened by a boycott it transferred the book to Doubleday
Mergers and end
Macmillan US merged with Crowell Collier Publishing Company in 1961. The US publisher became a media giant in its own right and renamed itself Macmillan Inc. in 1973.
In 1979, Thomas Mellon Evans bought a large stake in Macmillan Inc. Macmillan Inc. then was bid on by Mattel and ABC, only for an acquisition by ABC to break down. Macmillan Inc. then sold several non-publishing divisions. In 1980, Macmillan Inc. sold musical instrument maker C.G. Conn. In 1981, Macmillan Inc. sold Hagstrom Map, the bookstore Brentano's and the printer Alco‐Gravure.
In 1981, Macmillan Inc. acquired the children's publisher Bradbury Press. In 1982, Macmillan Inc. sold its British division, Cassell, to CBS. In 1984, Macmillan Inc. acquired the Scribner Book Companies and the textbook publishers Sieber & McIntyre, Dellen Publishing, and Pennwell Books. The following year, Macmillan Inc. acquired the publishing operations of ITT (Sams, Bobbs-Merrill, legal publisher Michie Co., trade magazine company Intertec, Marquis Who's Who, and G. K. Hall & Co.). Bobbs-Merrill was subsequently closed, with its remaining books moved to Macmillan. In 1986, Macmillan Inc. sold the music publisher G. Schirmer, Inc. to Music Sales Group. In 1987, Macmillan Inc. acquired the educational publisher Laidlaw from Doubleday. In 1988, Macmillan Inc. acquired the educational publisher Jossey-Bass.
The company was acquired by the controversial British tycoon Robert Maxwell's Maxwell Communication Corporation in 1989. Later in 1989, Macmillan acquired Prentice Hall Information from Simon & Schuster and sold Intertec, Macmillan Book Clubs, and Gryphon Editions to K-III Communications. Maxwell Macmillan Professional and Business Reference Publishing (the former Prentice Hall division) was sold to Thomson Professional Publishing. Macmillan's directories (led by Marquis Who's Who and National Register Publishing) were sold to Reed Publishing. Michie was sold to Mead. Macmillan also sold the department store Gump's, the trade school Katharine Gibbs, and part of its stake in language school Berlitz.
Maxwell died in 1991, and Macmillan began selling properties and eventually filed for bankruptcy. Paramount acquired Macmillan Computer Publishing (Sams). Standard Rate & Data Service was sold to OAG, a sister Maxwell company. Collier's Encyclopedia was sold to Planeta and DeAgostini. What remaining of Macmillan Inc. was eventually sold to Simon & Schuster/Paramount Communications for $552.8 million and finalized in February 1994. (At the time, Viacom had just purchased S&S via the acquisition of its former parent company Paramount Communications; it is now owned by Paramount Global.) The Macmillan and Atheneum adult trade publications were merged into Scribner. Macmillan Publishing USA became the name of Simon & Schuster's reference division (while Macmillan Inc. became simply a legal name for it). Pearson acquired the Macmillan name in America in 1998 and merged Macmillan Computer Publishing with Addison Wesley Longman to form Pearson Technology Group division of Pearson Education, following its purchase of the Simon & Schuster educational and professional group (which included Macmillan Inc. and its properties). Pearson closed the children's reference imprints of Macmillan Library Reference in preparation for a sale. Pearson sold the Macmillan Reference USA division (which included Scribner Reference and G. K. Hall) to Thomson Gale and Macmillan General Reference (except Complete Idiot's Guides) to IDG Books in 1999.
Macmillan's school publishing operations (including Glencoe, Barnell Loft, and Benziger) were merged into a joint operation with McGraw-Hill in 1989. McGraw-Hill acquired full ownership of Macmillan/McGraw-Hill in 1993 after Maxwell's death.
Holtzbrinck acquired Macmillan name in the United States
Holtzbrinck purchased most of the rights to the Macmillan name from Pearson in 2001, but not any of the businesses then associated with it. Holtzbrinck rebranded its US division with the name in 2007.
The online user-maintained database Jacketflap reports these constituent American publishers of Holtzbrinck's Macmillan division (August 2010):
Farrar Straus and Giroux, Henry Holt & Company, W.H. Freeman and Worth Publishers, Palgrave Macmillan, Bedford/St. Martin's, Picador, Roaring Brook Press, St. Martin's Press, Tor Books, and Bedford Freeman & Worth Publishing Group.
Authors
Publishers
George Edward Brett
George Platt Brett Sr.
George Platt Brett Jr.
See also
Richard M. Brett
Macmillan Publishers
References
Further reading
James, Elizabeth (2002) Macmillan: a Publishing Tradition. Basingstoke: Palgrave
Defunct book publishing companies of the United States
Publishing companies established in 1896
1869 establishments in New York (state)
Publishing companies established in 1869
Former Viacom subsidiaries
American companies established in 1869 |
```java
/*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package github.nisrulz.easydeviceinfo.base;
import android.support.annotation.IntDef;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
@IntDef({
DeviceType.WATCH, DeviceType.PHONE, DeviceType.PHABLET, DeviceType.TABLET, DeviceType.TV
})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS)
public @interface DeviceType {
int WATCH = 0;
int PHONE = 1;
int PHABLET = 2;
int TABLET = 3;
int TV = 4;
}
``` |
The Clusiaceae or Guttiferae Juss. (1789) (nom. alt. et cons. = alternative and valid name) are a family of plants including 13 genera and ca 750 species. Several former members of Clusiacae are now placed in Calophyllaceae and Hypericaceae. They are mostly trees and shrubs, with milky sap and fruits or capsules for seeds. The family is primarily tropical. More so than many plant families, it shows large variation in plant morphology (for example, three to 10, fused or unfused petals, and many other traits). According to the APG III, this family belongs to the order Malpighiales.
One feature which is sometimes found in this family, and rarely in others (e.g., Malpighiaceae), is providing pollinators with "pollination rewards" other than pollen or nectar; specifically, some species offer resin, which certain bees use in nest construction (each Clusiaceae species offers only one type of reward).
Taxonomic history
The family Clusiaceae was divided by Cronquist into two subfamilies: the Clusioideae (typical subfamily) and the Hypericoideae. The latter was often treated as a family—the Hypericaceae or St. John's wort family. Elements of the Hypericoideae are more common in northern temperate areas and those of the Clusioideae are centered in the tropics.
Later classifications, however, divide the family in a finer way. Molecular studies have shown that the family Podostemaceae—the riverweeds—as well as the Bonnetiaceae are nested in this group. Their inclusions make the Clusiaceae in a wide sense polyphyletic, and Stevens's subfamilies need to be recognised at family level: Clusioideae as Clusiaceae sensu stricto; Hypericoideae as Hypericaceae; and Kielmeyeroideae as Calophyllaceae.
Classification
Following Ruhfel et al. (2011)
Tribe Clusieae
Chrysochlamys
Clusia
Dystovomita
Tovomita
Tovomitopsis
Tribe Garcinieae
Allanblackia
Garcinia (including Rheedia) - saptree, mangosteen
Tribe Symphonieae
Lorostemon
Montrouziera
Moronobea
Pentadesma
Platonia
Symphonia
Thysanostemon
Tribe incertae sedis
†Mammeoxylon
See also
List of Clusiaceae genera
References
Bibliography
External links
See Guttiferae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/
Garcinia Rat Studies
See Key to Clusiaceae (Guttiferae) genera from Brazil (in Portuguese)
Malpighiales families |
The Women's 800m T12-13 had its first round held on September 8, beginning at 18:40 and Final was held on September 9 at 18:35.
Medalists
Results
References
Round 1 - Heat 1
Round 1 - Heat 2
Final A
Athletics at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
2008 in women's athletics |
Wólka Wołyniecka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiśniew, within Siedlce County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
References
Villages in Siedlce County |
KBRP-LP (96.1 FM, "Bisbee's Radio for the People") is a community-oriented radio station licensed to serve Bisbee, Arizona and all of Cochise County. The station is owned by Bisbee Radio Project Inc. It airs a Variety format. The station derives some of its programming from Pacifica Radio.
The station was assigned the KBRP-LP call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on February 24, 2004.
KBRP-LP relies on donations by listeners, underwriters, and community events for financial support.
See also
List of community radio stations in the United States
References
External links
KBRP-LP service area per the FCC database
BRP-LP
BRP-LP
Radio stations established in 2004
Mass media in Cochise County, Arizona
Community radio stations in the United States |
John Meredith Read Sr. (July 21, 1797 – November 29, 1874) was an American lawyer, jurist, and politician from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was one of the founders of the Republican Party and chief justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court.
Early life
Read John was born on Chestnut Street across the street from Independence Hall, the eldest son of lawyer John Read and Martha Meredith Read. Both of his grandfathers (George Read and Samuel Meredith) had served in the Continental Congress. After an education at home, Read graduated from the University of Pennsylvania, then read law, and was admitted to the bar in 1818. He started a law practice in Philadelphia.
Political career
Read began his political career when he was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1822. He served until 1824 while remaining in the private practice of law. After this he served on the Philadelphia City Council, and for several years was the city's solicitor. Although his family had been Federalists, he became an ardent supporter of the Free Soil wing of the Democratic Party.
From 1837 to 1841, Read was the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. In 1845, President John Tyler nominated him to the Supreme Court of the United States; but, his earlier stance against the expansion of slavery into the territories caused the southern Democratic Senators to oppose his nomination and it was withdrawn. From June until December 1845 he served as the Attorney General of Pennsylvania.
In 1863, he was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society.
Read became an early supporter and organizer for the Republican Party. When they won in their first statewide races in 1858, Read was elected to the state supreme court. He then served until December 2, 1872, the last year as chief justice. When the Republicans held their first national convention at Philadelphia in 1856, Read was a convention organizer and delivered the convention keynote address. At the 1860 Republican Convention in Chicago, he received one vote on the first ballot for presidential nominee; still, he supported Lincoln as the nominee.
Family
Read was married twice, first to Priscilla Marshall in 1828. They had five children. After Priscilla's death, Read married Amelia Thompson in 1855. Read died at home in Philadelphia in 1874. His son, J. Meredith Read, was a noted American diplomat.
References
External links
The John Meredith Read papers, which include materials covering his legal and political careers, are available for research use at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania
1797 births
1874 deaths
Chief Justices of Pennsylvania
Lawyers from Philadelphia
Members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Pennsylvania Democrats
Pennsylvania Republicans
Philadelphia City Council members
Justices of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
United States Attorneys for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
United States federal judges admitted to the practice of law by reading law
Unsuccessful nominees to the United States Supreme Court
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American judges
19th-century American lawyers |
Oversized fashion, distinct from plus-sized fashion, consists of clothing and other accessories that are larger than normal and reflect some sort of attitude, message, or trend of the period at hand. While oversized fashion trends from the 1920s to the turn of the century vary from decade to decade, there are many overarching themes that have been expressed during the past one hundred or so years. Masculinity, for example, has played a large role in many of the underlying communications of the fashions, although virility is manifested differently in the clothing depending on the era. Oversized fashion production, furthermore, runs largely parallel with the states of the American and global economies. Modernly, oversized fashion has taken on a new form - primarily in the realm of oversized accessories.
The 1920s
The 1920s were marked by a post-war aesthetic. After World War I, the fashion world experienced a great switch: from tight corsets and hobble skirts—to shapeless, oversized, and sparsely decorated garments. Women began to wear more comfortable fashions, including blousy skirts and trousers. Further, this era gave birth to sportswear fashion. Sportswear, previously recognized as America's main contribution to fashion, consisted of a casual more relaxed style. Coco Chanel, known as the first modern dressmaker, made one of the greatest contributions to style in the 1920s: the two-piece dress. She created two-piece dresses out of jersey (fabric), a comfortable stretchy fabric. The American public was receptive, embracing this relaxed style, which was perfect for the active woman on the go. The combination of these new ideas yielded this loosely fitted, modernized style.
The "boyish figure", moreover, became a prevalent trends of the era, with shapeless silhouettes and dropped waistlines giving a more masculine look to the female figure. The emphasis on a flattened chest revolutionized the construction of undergarments. Along with this new silhouette, 1920s fashions were further modernized by the coming of a new generation of sewing-machines, each with an individual electric motor, enabling designers to create more oversized fashions, while saving time and resources.
In contrast to the "boyish figure" were the types of hats and accessories women wore in the roaring twenties. Flapper dresses were juxtaposed with oversized hats, often trimmed with large bows, feathers, ribbons, or sequins. Furthermore, bold headbands were often worn to complement women's customarily shorter hair lengths. Since a lot of women's fashion from this decade were quite masculine in style, many women adorned them with accessories that were rather feminine.
Music also had an influence in the ways in which fashions evolved. The Jazz Age saw the popularization of flaps in dresses; and stars such as the entertainer Josephine Baker became known for their semi-translucent flapper frocks.
The 1930s
The 1930s started in depression and ended with the onset of World War II. With rising unemployment and despair, no industry was left unaffected. In the fashion industry, designers cut their prices and produced new lines of ready-to-wear clothes, along with clothing made of more economical and washable fabrics, such as rayon and nylon. For example, Coco Chanel showed a collection of evening dresses made of cotton and sold dresses reduced by 50%. The fashions of the 1930s were stylish and elegant, with flowing lines and Paris-based coutures.
Since many women could not afford to update their wardrobes, women changed their look by resorting to alterations to exemplify the oversized fashion of the 1930s. They used lengthening bands of contrasting fabric and added fur to their hems. This inventive way to put together new articles of clothing gave birth to the "Feedsack Dress"; constructed from the material of a sack of animal feed, these frocks were typically cut similarly to shift dresses. This A-line cuts were boxy and contrasted the slinky and sensual bias-cut dresses that became famous during the same era for their ability to cover the woman's body while clinging to each curve. Furthermore, material was added to collars and sleeves. Another trend rising from the 1930s was the "Banjo Sleeve", created by sewing two rectangular pieces of fabric with the top seam only sewn halfway to allow the arm to flow out. The boxy shape was oversized and blousy. As the era progressed, skirts that flared out fell to the bottom of the calf and sleeves were loosely tied as they fell from the elbow to wrist.
From the harsh economic conditions of the time came about the glamorous 1930s in film, and the glamorous clothing worn seen on the screen grew in popularity. Dresses constructed from Chiffon fabric were rather loose-fitting as they flew away from the body, and embodied the elegance that was maintained throughout the 1930s despite the economic struggles.
The 1940s
During the first half of the 1940s, many clothing-related commodities were in short supply due to World War II; the United States Government relinquished numerous products for utilization in warfare. Leather, for example, was much used in the uniforms of American servicemen—so the material, to a large extent, went out of use in mainstream fashion. As a consequence, oversized fashion utilizing excessive amounts of material was not in style.
Designers such as Cristóbal Balenciaga, Digby Morton, and Norman Hartnell, however, utilized oversized fashion practices in their early 1940s collections to manifest the consequential happenings of the war. While men were abroad taking up arms, many women took on their positions in factories and offices. Accordingly, women's fashion became more masculine. Wide-legged slacks and pronounced shoulder pads became all the rage, and most American women embraced the virile style.
Not until the second half of the decade, though, with the introduction of Dior's “New Look,” was oversized fashion widely put to use. Dior's “New Look,” which first grew in popularity in Europe, featured full skirts that reached the mid-calves. When Dior initially set in motion this new style, the fashion house received a lot of criticism. Sir Stafford Cripps, then President of the Britain's Board of Trade, was quoted as saying that the “New Look” was “utterly stupid” and an enormous waste of labor and materials. He was not the only one opposed to the excessive usage of material. In the U.S, legislation was passed that restricted yardage in fabric for clothing, under a policy entitled L-85.
Many American citizens resisted the new legislation, with groups being formed such as the “A Little Below the Knee Club” in Texas. However, in the U.S, Dior's "New Look" was also shaping the trends of the time. Designer Claire McCardell, influenced by Parisian design, created the monastic dress, in jersey, featuring a criss-cross string belt at midriff and a draped full skirt. A few years later, however, once World War II ended, the “New Look” and its oversized flair was relished both within the fashion world and the consumer market.
The 1950s
The post-war era of the 1950s brought a change to the family dynamic as well as to the fashion world. In 1947, Christian Dior launched as the first collection from his fashion house his "Corelle line", which featured oversized designs. The "Corelle line" became the look of the decade, ushering femininity, luxury and grace into the era, and making a great impact on the female silhouette. This change implemented by Christian Dior dominated the decade.
Clothes transformed from boxy styles, with square shoulders, to feminine and luxurious, with soft shoulder lines, corseted waists, round padded hips, and long skirts, leading to the knee-length "sack" dress. The knee-length skirts and dresses were the most oversized items of this 1950s. The introduction of new fabrics, including Terylene, Orlon, Banlon, Acrilan and Poplin, allowed for new fashion styles to be both created and introduced. Among these were the "wash-and-wear" sweater, the permanently pleated skirt, and the "drip-dry" skirt. Skirts of this era known as circle skirts were supported by layers of petticoats, creating a circular look that accentuated the waist line. Essentially, the petticoat reinforced the femininity of this period.
The 1950s woman also tended to be influenced by the fashions worn by movie stars such as Marilyn Monroe and Audrey Hepburn. Hepburn in her roles in various movies such as Roman Holiday famously wore an oversized skirt that accentuated her waist, together with a tighter shirt.
The 1960s
The look of the 1960s was in marked contrast to the “New Look” developed in the end of the 1940s that heavily influenced trends of the 1950s with femininity and sensuality. The look of the 1960s reflected the main issue of that time: Civil Rights. The 1960s woman “demanded equal rights and equal pay, wanted to be free, to look young and to have fun”. Oversized fashions were utilized in more subtle ways in this decade, giving rise to trends that revolutionized the working woman and gave a voice to more conservative feminines.
To achieve this youthful and flirty look, skirts were shortened, creating a look reminiscent of the 1920s. During this era, in 1965, the miniskirt was developed. An alternative to this exposed look was in high demand, thus leading to the creation of the midi skirt. This new "midi" mainly featured a pleated A-line bodice, which allowed it to flow away from the body. This oversized fashion began to make its way to the workplace as it provided both femininity and formality. Evening wear was also affected, and both long and short dresses could be seen at engagements. Designs embraced the oversized look through more elegant silhouettes, specially in evening wear, which boasted loose forms and fluid fabrics. The change in fashion during this period was also due to international influences such as from London and France, where designers were young. A notable point about this period is that women also began to wear pants-suits and jeans.
The materials used for both clothing and accessories changed during this era. Increasingly used were easy-care synthetic fabrics such as Crimplene, Dacron and Terylene. The benefits of such synthetic fabrics were that they were crease-resistant, easy to wash, and required little to no ironing. Designers such as Cristóbal Balenciaga embraced these new types of materials, using them in oversized dolman-sleeve jackets. The pattern for this piece was cut in a rectangular shape forming a boxy blousy look.
During this period, synthetic yarns that took dyes easily were used. Leather-look plastic also helped to create a vibrant feel to accessories such as shoes, umbrellas and additional clothing items such as mini-skirts. While in this era, clothing became split along lines of age, there were overriding oversized trends including: midi skirts, Dolman sleeves, loose jackets and shapeless frocks. Another factor contributing to the trends of this period was the “post-industrial boom” that helped to generate wealth in the United States. Jackie Kennedy, wife of President John F. Kennedy, became a model of French fashions and helped to spur the spread of the miniskirt, along with Twiggy, who gained iconic status as the face and body of the era wearing the shapeless mod dresses that were a huge trend. Jackie Kennedy's “beehive” hairstyle also highlighted oversized fashion.
The 1970s
The 1970s is often referred to as the “Me Decade”, a term originally coined by writer Tom Wolfe. There were many groups, such as political and extremist groups, wanting a piece of the action. With respect to dress, it was an “anything goes” era, without rules. This manifested in some ways via the production of oversized fashion.
Fashion styles were inspired by previous decades, hinting at both nostalgia and an interest in other cultures. The current political and economic situation of the United States, including the civil rights, unemployment levels, war and terrorism, were reflected in the manner in which individuals dressed. With the women's movement of the 1970s, radical feminists could be stereotyped for their anti-high fashion sentiments; these women required low maintenance and made a statement. With regards to high fashion, established fashion houses produced more ready-to-wear collections and casual attire.
With nostalgia a big theme of this period, secondhand clothes were key. Similar to the 1950s, 1920s clothing also influenced this decade, along with fashions of the '30s, '40s and '50s. Television and movies such as The Godfather and Grease also played homage to styles of the past. When not inspired by nostalgia, fashion took another turn whereby "the idea was to appear as if your body had been spray painted". To achieve this look, leotards were worn and were accessorized with short frilled skirts, cap sleeves and leg-warmers. “Hot pants” or skimpy shorts were also popular in the beginning of the '70s. By the mid-1970s, we see the reemergence of “unstructured design” from the fashion houses. These were considered the simplest cuts, appearing to look as if no skilled cutting was required. Typical of this cut is Issey Miyake’s wool cowboy look for winter 1978-79, an example of experimentation in textured knitting. The unstructured design of the 1970s highlights the oversized fashion of the decade.
The 1980s
The beginning of the 1980s was the first time when women assumed high-status roles in the workplace. Akin to the 1940s, women's fashion in the 1980s was quite masculine, which was a reflection of women wanting to be taken seriously as working professionals. The three most important designers at the start of this decade, Calvin Klein, Giorgio Armani, and Ralph Lauren, were designing clothing that was characterized by broad and square shoulders. This use of oversized shoulders was largely a demonstration of women not wanting to be viewed by their feminine figures, but rather to be viewed equally in their careers.
Designers such as Rei Kawakubo of Comme des Garçons and Yohji Yamamoto began designing with a Japanese-inspired aesthetics. Clothing became much more oversized to better resemble kimono and other flowing Japanese garments. As with oversized shoulders, this Japanese style had the effect of disguising the womanly shape. Donna Karan, who became known at the time as "the Queen of 7th Avenue,", also began utilizing this Japanese style of dress.
Figures both within and outside the fashion world took on this gender-neutral style and made the look ever more popular. Singer, actress, and model Grace Jones was a key figure in furthering this type of fashion—keeping her hair short and wearing manly, oversized clothing. Scottish singer Annie Lennox did the same, but had much more of an effect in the musical realm.
Another essential person who helped further the style of oversized fashion in the 1980s was Princess Diana, who for her wedding to Charles, Prince of Wales in July 1981 wore an oversized wedding dress—making the tailor popular all around the world for the remainder of the decade.
The 1990s
The 1990s was one of the most diverse eras for fashion. As the fashion world began to experience technological modernization, along with a widespread support from mainstream consumers, the industry felt the need to appeal to different types of audiences. Some of the women's fashion trends included neon and pastel colors, legging and exercise wear, the hippie look, and a hip-hop style. The last of those examples, hip-hop style, is identifiable as the oversized fashion of the '90s. The influence of hip-hop on urban fashion was overtly strong. Urban fashion was distinctly designed for African-American youth.
The 1990s urban style heavily influenced by Black Nationalism and African trends began with the blousy pant sported by famous figures in the rap world such as MC Hammer, who popularized oversized "Hammer pants", and fezzes. However, men were not the only ones to embrace this new form of street wear. Women too began to explore the trend. The group TLC (band) and R&B singer Aaliyah created their own urban fashion for women. The trend consisted of wearing oversized pants and big flannel shirts. The hardcore aspect of rap did not fully permit the women to embrace a feminine look that might make them appear weaker. However, some femininity was maintained by the wearing of more fitted shirts, bare midsections and sports bras, while still being hard with the blousy pieces.
During the upheaval of the streetwear fashion, models of color began to make their mark in the industry. It was during the 1990s that Tyra Banks found fame. After being rejected by six modeling agency the young Banks was signed by Elite Model Management, and in her first season as a model she booked 25 shows in Paris Fashion Week. Banks' seductive walk impressed designers and made her a hot commodity. Designers who were influenced by the new oversized streetwear were more likely to book models of color to show their designs. Other famous models of color during the time include Naomi Campbell and Iman. Undoubtedly, oversized fashion marked the beginning of a new trend for urban youth during the 1990s.
The 2000s
Women's oversized fashion at the turn of the century is largely displayed in various accessories. At the beginning of the 2000s, many designers began using sizable and bulky glasses and jewelry in their lines, and women in the spheres of fashion, music, and film began wearing these oversized decorations. Celebrities such as Nicole Richie and Rachel Zoe helped to further this wearing of oversized accessories, and assisted in making the items popular in everyday wear. As the decade progressed, the utility of oversized accessories did not wane, but rather became even more widely used.
Since the year 2006, three designers have garnered massive amounts of attention for their adoption of oversized fashion: Stella McCartney, Alexander McQueen, and Marc Jacobs. In 2006, McQueen put on a show in which an enormous Pepper's ghost illusion of Kate Moss dressed in yards of rippling fabric adorned the backdrop of catwalk; this move furthered the attention of oversized fashion and made Moss the poster model for oversized styling. The death of McQueen in February 2010 led to his style of fashion accruing even more attention, which put oversized fashion even more on the map.
Another exhibition of the trend is the oversized handbag. Designers such as Balenciaga, Betsey Johnson, and Michael Kors began producing purses and satchel-like bags that were larger than usual and complied with the oversized aesthetic. As a result of the enormous increase in influence of the internet and social media, these bags quickly became very popular after pictures of celebrities carrying them were posted online for many to see and then emulate.
The reviews of oversized fashion use in the new millennium have been mixed. Some designers and critics have welcomed the utilization of oversized accessories, while others view the trend as prodigal. Young designers and fashion houses such as McCartney, McQueen, and Jacobs generally esteem oversized accessories, while older and more established couturiers such as Chanel find much oversized accessories distasteful and extravagant.
See also
References
1920s fashion
1920s in the United States
Sizes in clothing
Flappers
Women's clothing |
Hodgson Lake is a perennially ice-covered freshwater lake, which is about 2 km (1.2 mi) long by about 1.5 km (0.93 mi) wide. It is located within the southern part of Alexander Island, west of Palmer Land in Antarctica, at approximately 72°S latitude and 68°W longitude. This lake has a 93.4 m (306 ft) deep water column that lies sealed beneath a 3.6 to 4.0 m (12 to 13 ft) thick perennial lake ice. The lake is an ultra-oligotrophic lake with very low nutrient content and very low productivity. There is no detectable life living in Hodgson Lake. The lake extends eastward into George VI Sound and the George VI Ice Shelf making it adjacent to the sound. The northern side of this lake is bounded by the Saturn Glacier, which flows east into George VI Sound. The lake lies next to and southeast of Citadel Bastion, a pre-eminent mountain on Alexander Island.
Geomorphological and paleolimnological evidence indicates that Hodgson Lake had been a subglacial lake covered by an ice sheet at least 470 m (1,542 ft) thick during the Last Glacial Maximum. This ice sheet started thinning about 13,500 years ago. Eventually, it retreated from the local area of Hodgson Lake and left it covered only by perennial ice sometime before 11,000 years ago. This lake has been covered by perennial ice since that time.
The UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee named Lake Hodgson on November 20, 2007, after Dominic Hodgson, a British Antarctic Survey paleolimnologist and lead author of the discovery reports. Although he proposed that this lake be named "Citadel Lake," it was named after him. Dr. Hodgson confirmed the existence of this lake during a field reconnaissance on December 18, 2000. Later in 2009, papers, of which Dominic Hodgson is the senior coauthor, were published about the limnology and paleolimnology of Hodgson Lake in Quaternary Science Reviews.
See also
Lake Ellsworth
Lake Vostok
Lakes of Antarctica
References
External links
Anonymous (2009) Exploring Hodgson Lake Planet Earth Online, Natural Environment Research Council.
Lakes of Antarctica
Bodies of water of Alexander Island
Subglacial lakes |
Arsène Trouvé was a French painter, active during the nineteenth century.
Little is known of Trouvé's life or career, save that she specialized in paintings on porcelain and that she lived at 43, rue Hauteville, in what would later become the 10th arrondissement of Paris. In 1831 she showed a Portrait of Elizabeth of France, after Peter Paul Rubens, at the Paris Salon. She participated in the Salons of 1833, 1834, and 1835 as well, showing more copies of oil paintings at each. In 1834 she also exhibited a watercolor of a vegetable seller, which may have been an original piece. Her best-known work is a portrait of Jean-Gaspard Deburau after an original by Auguste Bouquet. Exhibited at the 1831 Salon, today it is in the collections of the Carnavalet Museum.
References
French women painters
19th-century French painters
19th-century French women artists
Painters from Paris |
Yushan North Peak () is a mountain of the Yushan Range located in the Yushan National Park. With a height of 3,858 m (12,657 ft), it is the 4th tallest mountain in Taiwan and the 3rd tallest in the Yushan Range. At the peak is the Yushan Weather Station, the highest weather station and building in Taiwan.
See also
Yushan National Park
Yushan Range
100 Peaks of Taiwan
List of mountains in Taiwan
References
Mountains of Taiwan
Mountains of Asia |
John Colhoun may refer to:
John E. Colhoun (c. 1749–1802), United States Senator and lawyer from South Carolina
John Colhoun (plant pathologist) (1913–2002), British mycologist, phytopathologist, and professor of cryptogamic botany
See also
John Calhoun (disambiguation) |
Jazz is a 1992 historical novel by Pulitzer and Nobel Prize-winning American author Toni Morrison. The majority of the narrative takes place in Harlem during the 1920s; however, as the pasts of the various characters are explored, the narrative extends back to the mid-19th-century American South.
The novel forms the second part of Morrison's Dantesque trilogy on African-American history, beginning with Beloved (1987) and ending with Paradise (1997).
Legacy
Jazz was Morrison’s most recently published work when she was awarded the 1993 Nobel Prize for Literature. In the novel, "Morrison uses a device which is akin to the way jazz itself is played… The result is a richly complex, sensuously conveyed image of the events, the characters and moods."
Characters
Joe Trace, a door-to-door cosmetics salesman and the murderer of his young lover.
Violet Trace, an unlicensed beautician. Violet is married to Joe. She is nicknamed "Violent" because she assaulted the corpse of Joe’s lover with a knife at the funeral.
Dorcas, Joe's young lover, who is shot down at a party. Dorcas is inspired by a picture from The Harlem Book of the Dead (a collection of funeral photographs by James Van Der Zee).
Alice Manfred, Dorcas' aunt and guardian. A conservative Christian ashamed by her niece's behavior. Alice enters into an unusual friendship with Violet.
Felice, a friend of Dorcas' who goes to the Trace household in search of answers.
Golden Gray, a mixed-race man from the 19th century. Golden appears in both Joe's and Violet's histories.
References
1992 American novels
African-American novels
Alfred A. Knopf books
Fiction with unreliable narrators
Historical novels
Novels by Toni Morrison
Novels set in Harlem
Novels set in the 1920s
Southern United States in fiction |
Athenea del Castillo Beivide (born 24 October 2000) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a forward for Liga F club Real Madrid CF and the Spain women's national team.
Club career
Early career
Athenea started playing at Reocín in Cantabria at the age of 11, later moving to Ave Fénix Racing where she remained until the end of the 2018–19 Segunda División season, her time there encompassing a 2017 merger whereby the team became part of Racing Santander.
Deportivo
In August 2019, it was announced that Athenea would be joining the newly promoted Primera División club, Deportivo Abanca, without the permission of her old club who tried to retain her registration, while the Galicians maintained their offer of a professional contract took precedence. Finally, in September, Racing Féminas formally allowed her transfer.
On 8 September 2019, Athenea made her Primera División debut for Deportivo against RCD Espanyol and scored her first goal on 19 January 2020.
Real Madrid
On 26 July 2021, following Deportivo's relegation, it was announced that she would be joining Real Madrid.
International career
Athenea was called into the Spain U19 squad for the 2018 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship in Switzerland, where the team won the title; she was also part of the squad that finished runners-up in the same competition a year later. She made her senior international debut in October 2020, becoming the first serving Deportivo player to gain a full cap.
Career statistics
Club
International
Scores and results list Spain's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each del Castillo goal.
Honours
Spain
FIFA Women's World Cup: 2023
Spain U-19
UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship: 2018
References
External links
Athenea, BDFutbol
2000 births
Living people
Footballers from Cantabria
Women's association football forwards
Women's association football wingers
Spanish women's footballers
Liga F players
Deportivo de La Coruña (women) players
Real Madrid Femenino players
People from Trasmiera
Spain women's international footballers
CDE Racing Féminas players
SD Reocín (women) players
UEFA Women's Euro 2022 players
Spain women's youth international footballers
2023 FIFA Women's World Cup players
FIFA Women's World Cup-winning players |
Milecastle 45 (Walltown) was a milecastle on Hadrian's Wall ().
Description
Milecastle 45 is on the top of Walltown Crags. The walls have been comprehensively robbed, and little remains but the robber trenches and turf-covered spoil mounds. The site is clearly visible as earthworks on aerial photographs.
Associated turrets
Each milecastle on Hadrian's Wall had two associated turret structures. These turrets were positioned approximately one-third and two-thirds of a Roman mile to the west of the Milecastle, and would probably have been manned by part of the milecastle's garrison. The turrets associated with Milecastle 45 are known as Turret 45A and Turret 45B.
Turret 45A
Turret 45A (Walltown) () is located east of the normal measured position, and measures by externally. It was excavated in 1883, 1912, and 1959. The 1959 excavations uncovered two centurial stones to the west of the turret. The turret walls were consolidated and stand to an average height of 1 metre. The turret was constructed without wing walls, with the curtain wall abutting the structure, rather than being bonded with it. Because of this, it is believed that the turret was originally a freestanding structure, predating the wall, and probably built as part of a system of watchtowers associated with the Stanegate.
Turret 45B
Turret 45B (Walltown West) () was excavated in 1883. It measured 3.8 by 4 metres, with walls just under 1 metre thick and just over 1 metre high. The turret was destroyed soon after 1883 by the operations of the Greenland Quarry.
Public access
The remains of the milecastle and Turret 45A are both accessible via the Hadrian's Wall Path. Parking is available at Walltown Quarry Car Park, which is on the line of the Hadrian's Wall Path, however a steep climb is required to reach the sites. The car park is signposted from the B6318 (Military Road).
See also
Allolee to Walltown SSSI
References
External links
45 |
UGC 2140 is an irregular galaxy in the constellation Aries. It was thought to be a compact group of galaxies, catalogued as HCG 18, but in 1999 the object was found to be a single galaxy with multiple star-forming regions.
References
Aries (constellation)
02140
258 |
Antonina Shmeleva (born 25 July 1994) is a Russian judoka.
She is the gold medallist of the 2018 Judo Grand Prix The Hague in the -78 kg category.
References
External links
1994 births
Living people
Russian female judoka
21st-century Russian women |
Frank Titterton (31 December 1893, in Handsworth – 24 November 1956, in London) was a well-known British lyric tenor of the mid-twentieth century. He was noted for his musicianship.
Titterton trained originally as an actor and was a member of The Pilgrim Players (which became the Birmingham Repertory Theatre) run by Sir Barry Jackson. He began to sing as an amateur, appearing in operettas by Gilbert and Sullivan and others in Birmingham before studying singing with Ernesto Beraldi and Charles Victor in London. He then left his stage career to work as a song recitalist and in Oratorio in Britain and Holland. He later became a sought-after singing teacher in London.
Titterton's career was mainly in the concert hall, though he was also a prolific broadcaster and recording artist for Vocalion, Broadcast, Columbia and Decca. Most titles were recorded under his own name, but he also used the pseudonyms 'Francesco Vada' and 'Norton Collyer'. Like many British singers of his era he spent much time touring the United Kingdom, appearing in popular oratorios, rather than performing in operas or giving lieder recitals. A Birmingham City Choir website lists some typical dates and casts for performances of Handel's Messiah, for example:
12 December 1936: with Lilian Stiles-Allen, Gladys Ripley, Frank Titterton, Horace Stevens; and
26 December 1943: with Joan Cross, Muriel Brunskill, Frank Titterton, Norman Lumsden.
Along with fellow-tenors Heddle Nash, Walter Widdop and Parry Jones, Titterton was chosen as one of the sixteen soloists for the first performance, and subsequent recording, of Vaughan Williams's Serenade to Music in 1938.
One of his pupils was John Fryatt.
In addition Titterton undertook some film roles, including parts in Barnacle Bill (1935), Song at Eventide (1934) and Waltz Time (1933).
According to the baritone Roy Henderson (BBC Radio interview 1988), Titterton always travelled with 'a sort of apothecary's case' and would produce medicines for anyone's ailments.
Recordings
Titterton can be heard on record singing Michael Balfe's duet Excelsior (a setting of Longfellow's poem) with Malcolm McEachern (Pearl GEMM CD9455). He can also be heard at the following address: http://oldgramophonerecords.co.uk/titterton.htm
He was selected by the composer Alma Rattenbury, also known as 'Lozanne', to record some of her songs, recording twelve in all for Decca between 1932 and 1935, the first two to her own accompaniment. [Ref. Sir Michael Havers, et al., 'Tragedy in three voices - the Rattenbury Murder' - William Kimber, London, 1980; see also The Record Collector, Ipswich, Vol 27. 11/12, March 1983]
References
1893 births
1956 deaths
20th-century British male opera singers |
```c
/*
*
*/
#define DT_DRV_COMPAT nuvoton_numaker_pinctrl
#include <zephyr/drivers/pinctrl.h>
#include <NuMicro.h>
/* Get mfp_base, it should be == (&SYS->GPA_MFP0) */
#define MFP_BASE DT_INST_REG_ADDR_BY_NAME(0, mfp)
#define MFOS_BASE DT_INST_REG_ADDR_BY_NAME(0, mfos)
#define GPA_BASE DT_REG_ADDR(DT_NODELABEL(gpioa))
#define GPIO_SIZE DT_REG_SIZE(DT_NODELABEL(gpioa))
#define SLEWCTL_PIN_SHIFT(pin_idx) ((pin_idx) * 2)
#define SLEWCTL_MASK(pin_idx) (3 << SLEWCTL_PIN_SHIFT(pin_idx))
#define DINOFF_PIN_SHIFT(pin_idx) (pin_idx + GPIO_DINOFF_DINOFF0_Pos)
#define DINOFF_MASK(pin_idx) (1 << DINOFF_PIN_SHIFT(pin_idx))
static void gpio_configure(const pinctrl_soc_pin_t *pin, uint8_t port_idx, uint8_t pin_idx)
{
GPIO_T *port;
port = (GPIO_T *)(GPA_BASE + port_idx * GPIO_SIZE);
port->SMTEN = (port->SMTEN & ~BIT(pin_idx)) |
((pin->schmitt_enable ? 1 : 0) << pin_idx);
port->SLEWCTL = (port->SLEWCTL & ~SLEWCTL_MASK(pin_idx)) |
(pin->slew_rate << SLEWCTL_PIN_SHIFT(pin_idx));
port->DINOFF = (port->DINOFF & ~DINOFF_MASK(pin_idx)) |
((pin->digital_disable ? 1 : 0) << DINOFF_PIN_SHIFT(pin_idx));
}
/**
* Configure pin multi-function
*/
static void configure_pin(const pinctrl_soc_pin_t *pin)
{
uint32_t pin_mux = pin->pin_mux;
uint8_t pin_index = PIN_INDEX(pin_mux);
uint8_t port_index = PORT_INDEX(pin_mux);
uint32_t mfp_cfg = MFP_CFG(pin_mux);
uint32_t *GPx_MFPx = ((uint32_t *)MFP_BASE) + port_index * 4 + (pin_index / 4);
uint32_t *GPx_MFOSx = ((uint32_t *)MFOS_BASE) + port_index;
uint32_t pinMask = NU_MFP_MASK(pin_index);
/*
* E.g.: SYS->GPA_MFP0 = (SYS->GPA_MFP0 & (~SYS_GPA_MFP0_PA0MFP_Msk) ) |
* SYS_GPA_MFP0_PA0MFP_SC0_CD;
*/
*GPx_MFPx = (*GPx_MFPx & (~pinMask)) | mfp_cfg;
if (pin->open_drain != 0) {
*GPx_MFOSx |= BIT(pin_index);
} else {
*GPx_MFOSx &= ~BIT(pin_index);
}
gpio_configure(pin, port_index, pin_index);
}
/* Pinctrl API implementation */
int pinctrl_configure_pins(const pinctrl_soc_pin_t *pins, uint8_t pin_cnt, uintptr_t reg)
{
ARG_UNUSED(reg);
/* Configure all peripheral devices' properties here. */
for (uint8_t i = 0U; i < pin_cnt; i++) {
configure_pin(&pins[i]);
}
return 0;
}
``` |
Daniel McNicoll is an American independent film producer, screenwriter and director, most known for his film, Reclaiming the Blade. Reclaiming the Blade was a number one movie rental on iTunes and was distributed by Starz and Anchor Bay Entertainment. The soundtrack for the film which included major label artists, an orchestral score and some of McNicoll's own music was released on Lakeshore Records. McNicoll's next film, Glastonbury: Isle of Light, as reported by the BBC and other sources, has found funding and will begin pre-production in mid-2018.
Selected projects
References
External links
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American film producers
American male screenwriters
American film directors
American male singers |
This article describes the qualifying of the 2014–15 Women's EHF Champions League.
Format
Eight teams took part in the qualification tournaments. They were drawn into two groups of four teams, where they played a semifinal and a final or third place match. The winners of the qualification tournaments, played on 20–21 September 2014, qualified for the group stage. The draw took place on 26 June 2014, at 14:00 local time, in Vienna, Austria.
Seedings
The seedings were published on 23 June 2014.
Qualification tournament 1
HC Leipzig had the right to organize the tournament.
Bracket
Semifinals
Third place game
Final
HC Leipzig won 5–4 on penalties.
Qualification tournament 2
RK Radnički Kragujevac had the right to organize the tournament.
Bracket
Semifinals
Third place game
Final
References
External links
Official website
2014–15 Women's EHF Champions League |
A. M. Jyothi Krishna, commonly known as Rathnam Krishna, is an Indian actor and director in the Tamil and Telugu film industries. He is the eldest son of producer A. M. Rathnam and eldest brother of actor Ravi Krishna.
Career
Jyothi Krishna at 17 was credited with the story of his father, A. M. Ratnam's production Natpukaaga, starring Sarath Kumar and the film performed well at the box office. He was also story writer for the Chiranjeevi's film Sneham Kosam and was also involved in story discussions of Rajinikanth's hit film Padayappa. He went on to make his directorial debut in the A. R. Rahman musical Enakku 20 Unakku 18, starring Tarun, Trisha Krishnan and Shriya Saran. His next, Kedi, featured his brother Ravi Krishna in the lead role, whilst Ileana D'Cruz and Tamannaah Bhatia were also in the cast.
In 2010, Jyothi Krishna began work on his acting debut with Ooh La La La, scheduled for release in 2012. His latest directorial project is Oxygen, set to release on 30 November 2017.
Filmography
As actor
As director
As writer
Natpukkaga (1998)
Padayappa (1999) (story discussion)
As co-producer
Vedalam (2015)
References
External links
Living people
Indian male film actors
Male actors in Tamil cinema
Tamil film directors
Telugu people
21st-century Indian male actors
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Tibors de Sarenom (French Tiburge; c. 1130 – aft. 1198) is the earliest attestable trobairitz, active during the classical period of medieval Occitan literature at the height of the popularity of the troubadours.
Biography
Tibors is one of eight trobairitz with vidas, short Occitan biographies, often more hypothetical than factual. Research into Tibors' the poet's identification with an independently recorded individual is hampered by the popularity of her name in Occitania during the period of her life.
Tibors was the daughter of Guilhem d'Omelas and Tibors d'Aurenga, who brought her husband the castle of Sarenom, probably Sérignan-du-Comtat in Provence or perhaps Sérignan in the Roussillon. Sadly for historians and Occitanists, Tibors and Guilhem had two daughters, both named Tibors, after their mother. It is possible but unlikely that Tibors d'Aurenga was herself the trobairitz. Since she was married in 1129 or 1130 and her daughters were married by 1150, it is unlikely they were born long after.
Raimbaut d'Orange, the famous troubadour, was a younger of son of Guilhem and Tibors and thus a younger brother of the two Tibors sisters. In 1150 the elder Tibors died and by her will left Raimbaut, then a minor, under the guardianship of her elder daughter and her son-in-law, the trobairitz' second husband, Bertran dels Baus. The younger sister, Tiburgette, was the recipient of a wedding gift from their father in that year (1150). In the will of her father, Guilhem, Tibors is referred to as autre Tiburge (the other Tibors), while her younger sister is given pre-eminence.
By 1150 (or 1155 if the dating of Tibors d'Aurenga's will is incorrect), Goufroy de Mornas, Tibors' first husband, had already died. She had no recorded children by him, but with Bertrand she had three sons: Uc, father of Barral of Marseille; Bertran, father of Raimon; and Guilhem, also a troubadour.
Tibors is said to have died soon after her husband (1180) in 1181 or 1182, but a document of her son Uc dated 13 August 1198 refers to "the advice of his mother Tibors".
Poetry
Of Tibors' work only a single stanza of a canso with its attached vida and razo has survived. Nonetheless, she is mentioned in an anonymous ballad dated to between 1220 and 1245, where she acts as the judge of a game of poetry. Her only work goes like this:
Sources
Bogin, Meg (1976). The Women Troubadours. Scarborough: Paddington. .
Bruckner, M. T.; Shepard, L.; and White, S. (1995). Songs of the Women Troubadours. New York: Garland Publishing. .
Egan, Margarita (1984). The Vidas of the Troubadours. New York: Garland Publishing. .
Schutz, Alexander Herman (1972 [1950]). Biographies des troubadours. Ayer Publishing. .
Notes
Trobairitz
12th-century French troubadours
Medieval French women musicians
Year of birth uncertain
1198 deaths |
The Bratukhin B-11 was a prototype Soviet twin-rotor transport helicopter and the last design of the Bratukhin aircraft design bureau to be built.
Development
The B-11 was similar to the design bureau's earlier B-5, a twin-rotor helicopter, with each rotor driven by an Ivchenko AI-26 radial engine. Each engine was housed in a pod on an outrigger with the related rotor above. Designed for a 1947 air force design competition for a general-purpose helicopter. Two prototypes were built and flown in June 1948, test flights showed a problem with rotor-blade stall at high speed and high resonant vibrations in the whole helicopter. In August 1948 the first prototype was grounded for investigation, but limited testing carried on with the second to find the causes of the problems.
On 13 December 1948 a blade on the right-hand rotor of the second prototype broke, and the subsequent crash killed the two crew. The prototype was then re-designed and re-built to overcome the problems, but when flying resumed in 1949 the stall occurred again. Bratukhin further modified the helicopter in May 1950 with new rotor blades, but development was soon abandoned, and soon after the design bureau was closed down.
Specifications
See also
References
Notes
Bibliography
1940s Soviet military utility aircraft
Military helicopters
Abandoned military aircraft projects of the Soviet Union
B-11
1940s Soviet helicopters
Transverse rotor helicopters
Twin-engined piston helicopters |
Sonar was a free mobile application which showed the user how they are connected to other individuals in a room via publicly available social media profiles and location information from Foursquare, Twitter, and Facebook.
Company
Sonar was founded by Ocean City, Maryland, native Brett Martin, and was launched in 2011 at TechCrunch Disrupt New York. Sonar is the fourth business to come out of New York-based mobile incubator K2 Media Labs, with the previous three being Fingerprint, Tracks, and MarketSharing.
Sonar has been offline as of September 2013, at which time Martin stated that he was no longer working on the project.
References
External links
K2 Media Labs Website
IOS software
Android (operating system) software
Data |
Stuart Roberts may refer to:
Stu Roberts (born 1965), former New Zealand cricketer
Stuart Roberts (footballer, born 1967), Welsh footballer for Stoke City
Stuart Roberts (footballer, born 1980), Welsh footballer
Stuart Roberts (swimmer) (born 1951), British Olympic swimmer |
Honcut Creek is a stream in central California in the United States. It is a tributary of the Feather River and flows from the Sierra Nevada south and west into the river] in the Sacramento Valley.
The headwaters are in the Sierra Nevada, and include: North Honcut, Upper Rocky Honcut, South Honcut, and Natchez creeks. The creek area in the lower Feather River watershed includes Honcut, California, and locations of former settlements such as the Maidu's Honkut at the mouth of Honcut Creek and Honcut City, California, along North Honcut Creek.
See also
Feather Headwaters
References
Rivers of Butte County, California
Tributaries of the Feather River
Geography of the Sacramento Valley
Rivers of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Rivers of Northern California
Rivers of the Sierra Nevada in California |
The Dutch Basketball Supercup, also known as the DBL Supercup, is the super cup competition of professional basketball in the Netherlands. The match is played by the champions of the Dutch Basketball League and the winner of the NBB Cup. It is a super cup competition. The first Supercup game was held in 2011.
The record holder for most Supercup titles is ZZ Leiden, who have won four trophies.
Title holders
2011 Leiden (ZZ)
2012 Leiden (ZZ)
2013 Den Bosch (SPM Shoeters)
2014 Donar (GasTerra Flames)
2015 Den Bosch (SPM Shoeters)
2016 Donar
2017 Landstede Zwolle
2018 Donar
2019 Landstede Hammers
2021 Leiden (ZZ)
2022 Heroes Den Bosch
2023 Leiden (ZZ)
Games
Performance by club
Donar, Heroes Den Bosch and ZZ Leiden hold the shared record for most Supercup titles with 3, while Leiden and Donar have both played in 7 games.
Top scorers
The record for most scored points in a Supercup game is 26, by Jordan Johnson of the Landstede Hammers in the 2018 edition. DeJuan Wright is the only player to be top scorer in the SuperCup twice, in 2012 and 2014.
Notes
References
See also
Dutch Basketball League
Basketball Cup
Supercup
Basketball supercup competitions in Europe |
```smalltalk
//
// Klak - Utilities for creative coding with Unity
//
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
// THE SOFTWARE.
//
using UnityEngine;
namespace Klak.Wiring
{
[AddComponentMenu("Klak/Wiring/Input/Starter")]
public class Starter : NodeBase
{
#region Node I/O
[SerializeField, Outlet]
VoidEvent _onStartEvent = new VoidEvent();
#endregion
#region MonoBehaviour functions
void Start()
{
_onStartEvent.Invoke();
}
#endregion
}
}
``` |
Euryops chrysanthemoides (with the common names African bush daisy or bull's-eye) is a small shrub native to Southern Africa that is also grown as a horticultural specimen in tropical to subtropical regions around the world.
Description
It is a compact, densely branched, leafy, evergreen shrub, 0.5 to 2m in height. The leaf surface is smooth and green. The species was moved to Euryops from the genus Gamolepis on the basis of chromosome counts.
Distribution
Euryops chrysanthemoides is indigenous to southern Africa, where it occurs in the Eastern Cape, along the coast and inland, to KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga and Eswatini. It is usually found on forest edges, in riverine bush and in ravines, as well as in coastal scrub, grassland and disturbed areas.
It is a ruderal weed in New South Wales, although it is not invasive in all places where it is cultivated or has naturalized.
References
Flora of Southern Africa
chrysanthemoides
Ruderal species
Plants described in 1968 |
Unga Limited is an administrative ward in the Arusha District of the Arusha Region of Tanzania. According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 17,342.
References
Wards of Arusha City
Wards of Arusha Region |
The Vancouver International Dance Festival is an annual, month-long contemporary dance festival held in Vancouver, British Columbia. The festival, produced by Kokoro Dance Theatre Society, began in 1998 as a Butoh Festival. The following year it became the Vancouver International Dance Festival.
References
External links
Dance festivals in Canada
Festivals in Vancouver
Performing arts in Vancouver |
Social literacy, from the perspective of the social-cultural theory, is more than the ability to read and write, and more than mastering literacy skills. Children can learn literacy through social interaction between themselves and children and/or adults in or outside school. Adults can use books, games, toys, conversations, field trips, and stories to develop the literacy practices through fun.
Collaborative learning between schools, family, and community can help develop a child's literacy. In addition, given today's technical knowledge, adults can take into consideration how to use technology in the learning process and to employ it in teaching children how to read and write in a social context.
"Literacy practices and events are always situated in social, cultural, historical and political relationships and embedded in structures of power. Furthermore, literacy practices involve social regulation of text, i.e. who has access to it and who can produce it, and such practices are purposeful and embedded in broader social goals and cultural practices. Moreover, these practices change and new ones are frequently acquired through processes of informal learning and sense-making".
For those reasons, teachers can design multiple levels of literacy activities and practices to fit different students' abilities and way of learning and "provide a pedagogical approach which fosters communities of learners, plan classroom activities that embed meaningful opportunities to engage in the analysis and construction of multimodal texts, and utilize teaching approaches that move beyond the false tension between abstracting the codes of language and learning their application for meaningful purposes".
References
Literacy
Sociolinguistics |
Prafullachandra Natwarlal Bhagwati (21 December 1921 – 15 June 2017) was the 17th Chief Justice of India, serving from 12 July 1985 until his retirement on 20 December 1986. He introduced the concepts of public interest litigation and absolute liability in India, and for this reason is held, along with Justice V. R. Krishna Iyer, to be a pioneer of judicial activism in the country. He is the longest-served supreme court judge (including Chief Justice to tenure) in India.
Early and personal life
P. N. Bhagwati was born in Gujarat. His father was Justice Natwarlal H. Bhagwati, a Supreme Court judge. He was the elder brother of the economist Jagdish Bhagwati and the neurosurgeon/president of the Neurological Society of India S. N. Bhagwati - father of economist Ketki Bhagwati. He was married to Prabhavati (née Shethji) and the couple have three daughters, Parul, Pallavi, and Sonali. Pallavi is currently the managing partner of leading Indian law firm Shardul Amarchand Mangaldas & Co and is married to Shardul S. Shroff. Bhagwati was a devotee of the popular Indian guru Sathya Sai Baba, and was also a member of Sathya Sai Trust till his death.
Bhagwati received his education in Mumbai. He studied at Elphinstone College, taking a Mathematics (Hons.) degree from Bombay University in 1941. In 1942, he courted arrest during the Indian Independence Movement and went underground for four months. He later received a law degree from Bombay University after studying at Government Law College, Bombay.
Career
Bhagwati began his career practicing at the Bombay High Court. In July 1960, he was appointed a judge of the Gujarat High Court. In September 1967, he was appointed the Chief Justice of that court. On two occasions, he acted temporarily as Governor of Gujarat (7 December 1967 to 25 December 1967 and 17 March 1973 to 3 April 1973). In July 1973, he was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of India. In August 1985, he became Chief Justice of India.
As a supreme court judge, Bhagwati introduced the concepts of public interest litigation and absolute liability to the Indian judicial system. He is therefore held, along with Justice V. R. Krishna Iyer, to have pioneered judicial activism in the country.
Chief Justice Bhagwati had an expansive view of the judicial role, saying in an interview that "I practically rewrote Part III and Part IV of the Constitution. I moulded the law. I still remember those days. It was a thrilling experience."
In 2007 Bhagwati was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in public affairs, India's second highest civilian award.
Judgements
Habeas corpus case controversy
A controversial judgement of Bhagwati was in the ADM Jabalpur v. Shivkant Shukla case (popularly referred to as the ADM Jabalpur case or the habeas corpus case) where he decreed that during the Emergency of 1975 to 1977, a person's right to not be unlawfully detained (i.e. habeas corpus) can be suspended. This judgement received a lot of criticism since it reduced the importance attached to Fundamental Rights under the Indian Constitution. Going against the previous decision of High Courts, the bench which included Bhagwati concluded in favour of the then Indira Gandhi government while only Justice Hans Raj Khanna was opposed to it. Bhagwati openly praised Indira Gandhi during the Emergency period, later criticized her when Janata Party-led government was formed, and again backed Gandhi when she got re-elected to form government in 1980. Bhagwati was criticized for these change of stands, favouring the ruling government, which were deemed as to have been taken to better his career prospects. Bhagwati later in 2011 agreed with popular opinion that this judgement was short-sighted and "apologised".
Maneka Gandhi vs Union of India
Maneka Gandhi was requested, through an official letter from the Regional Passport Officer, Delhi on 2 July 1977 to return her passport within seven days "in public interest" under section 10(3) of The Passports Act (1967). Gandhi, who had been issued Indian passport on 1 June 1976, in return asked the office to give a statement of reason in accordance with section 10(5) to which the office replied that "in the interest of general public" the Government had decided to not furnish any such statement further. Under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution, which deals with Right to Freedom, Gandhi filed a writ petition in which Bhagwati and Justice V. R. Krishna Iyer ruled in favour of Gandhi.
Other activities
In 1982, Bhagwati was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences while being affiliated with the Columbia University. He had been a member of the United Nations Human Rights Committee from 1995 to 2009, being re-elected after every two years on expiry of his term. He was also chairman of the committee in 2001-03. , he had also served as a member of the Committee of Experts of the International Labour Organization for over 27 years. He was appointed Chancellor of Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning on 6 May 2011.
Death
Justice Bhagwati died on 15 June 2017 at the age of 95 after a brief illness at his home in New Delhi. His funeral was held on 17 June. Prime Minister Narendra Modi condoled his death, calling him "stalwart of India's legal fraternity".
References
External links
P. N. Bhagwati, Brief biography at Supreme Court of India
1921 births
2017 deaths
20th-century Indian judges
20th-century Indian lawyers
Chief justices of India
Elphinstone College alumni
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Governors of Gujarat
Judges of the Gujarat High Court
People from Gujarat
Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in public affairs
United Nations Human Rights Committee members
University of Mumbai alumni
Indian officials of the United Nations
Followers of Sathya Sai Baba |
Petter Olson (born 14 February 1991) is a Swedish athlete competing in the combined events. He won the silver medal at the 2009 European Junior Championships. As a senior, he competed at one outdoor and two indoor European Championships.
He also sometimes competes in the 400 metres hurdles, twice becoming the Swedish champion in that event.
Competition record
Personal bests
Outdoor
100 metres – 10.70 (+1.9 m/s) (Ribeira Brava 2014)
200 metres – 22.04 (+1.3 m/s) (Karlstad 2011)
400 metres – 48.36 (Ostrava 2011)
1500 metres – 4:26.29 (Ostrava 2011)
110 metres hurdles – 14.39 (-1.5 m/s) (Ribeira Brava 2014)
400 metres hurdles – 52.62 (Stockholm 2014)
High jump – 2.00 (Götzis 2010)
Pole vault – 5.05 (Helsinki 2008)
Long jump – 7.19 (+0.4 m/s) (Ribeira Brava 2014)
Shot put – 13.60 (Austin 2012)
Discus throw – 41.29 (Des Moines 2012)
Javelin throw – 57.13 (Austin 2012)
Decathlon – 7857 (Austin 2012)
Indoor
60 metres – 6.98 (Gothenburg 2013)
1000 metres – 2:39.97 (Nampa 2012)
60 metres hurdles – 8.06 (Norrköping 2015)
High jump – 2.02 (Norrköping 2011)
Pole vault – 5.14 (Västerås 2009)
Long jump – 7.13 (Nampa 2012)
Shot put – 14.19 (Växjö 2014)
Heptathlon – 5904 (Växjö 2014)
References
1991 births
Living people
Swedish decathletes
Swedish male hurdlers
Texas Longhorns men's track and field athletes |
Enciclopedia (in Spanish and Italian), or enciclopédia (in Portuguese), means the English word encyclopedia.
Enciclopedia may refer to:
Enciclopedia universal ilustrada europeo-americana (1908-)
Enciclopedia Italiana or Treccani (1929-)
Enciclopedia Libre Universal en Español (2002-)
Enciclopedia Combi Visual, an encyclopedia edition printed in Barcelona, Spain in 1976 composed of 18 volumes
Grande Enciclopédia Portuguesa e Brasileira (1936-)
Radio Enciclopedia, Cuban radio station |
In Their Skin (also known in some countries as Replicas) is a 2012 Canadian home invasion thriller film directed by Jeremy Power Regimbal and starring Selma Blair, Joshua Close, Rachel Miner and James D'Arcy. The film was released theatrically in the United States by IFC Films and in Canada by Kinosmith.
The film is about a grieving family who escape to their cottage to reconnect. There, they are terrorized by neighbours with a sadistic agenda.
Plot
A family escapes their busy lifestyles to their upscale suburban cottage. Wedded couple, Mary Hughes (Selma Blair), a real estate developer and Mark Hughes (Joshua Close), a lawyer, have an 8-year-old son, Brendon Hughes (Quinn Lord), but grieve over their recently dead 6-year-old daughter, Tess, who died in an accident. They also have a dog named Harris.
One night while out for a walk, they come across a vehicle, appearing as if they were being watched. The next day, they meet their neighbors, Jane Sakowski (Rachel Miner), Bobby Sakowski (James D'Arcy) and their 9-year-old son, Jared Sakowski (Alex Ferris), inviting them over for afternoon lunch.
That afternoon, the mood becomes unsettling when the Sakowskis bombard the Hughes with endless questions about their lives and overstay their welcome, envying their "perfect" wealthy living. After Brendon invites Jared to his room to defeat him playing games, Jared threatens him with a knife to his neck. This instills panic into Brendon, who flees to alert his parents. Jared pretends to his parents that he was punched by Brendon, to which Brendon denies. After Mary finds marks on Brendon's neck, the Hughes dismiss the Sakowskis.
Mark is furious about what they encountered. He smashes a vase of flowers given to him by Jane, as it is witnessed by her husband Bobby through the kitchen window. When their dog, Harris, sets off into the woods for a walk, the Hughes hear the dog get shot and see a shooter emerge. They shift into lock down mode and Mark arms himself, while Mary searches for her phone to call the police. Mark soon finds his family vehicle has its tires punctured. Stepping outside, he sees Jared, who tells him Bobby is burying the dog. Jared runs off after using rocks to smash two windows of the Hughes cottage and almost hits Mark with one as well. Mark gives his hand gun to Mary and instructs her and Brendon to lock themselves in the bathroom while he goes out to search for their dog.
Taking a kitchen knife, Mark searches through the woods, but he is captured by Bobby and returned to the cottage where the rest of Sakowski members turn up. Bobby, carrying a shotgun, manipulates Mary and Brendon out of the bathroom, taking the hand gun from Mary. Mary pleads to take care of Jane if they let her family loose. However, Jane concedes to the family that Jared is her younger brother and they were removed out of a dark family life by Bobby, whose wife died of cancer, as Jane refuses to betray him. Bobby also reveals he raised his family in a run down station wagon and plans to assume the lives of the Hughes.
Abruptly, Mark's brother Toby (Matt Bellefleur) shows up to the cottage. The Hughes and Sakowskis put up a pretentious act of harmony. Jared holds Brendon hostage upstairs. After an awkward meeting with the Sakowskis, Toby goes to retrieve his bags from the car, and Bobby shoots him dead in the head, leaving Mark and Mary emotional. The Sakowskis take control of the house, ordering Mark and Mary around, forcing them to perform sex in front of them. As Mary is forced to dry hump on top of Bobby, she stabs him with a knife, rendering him weak. The Hughes gain control shortly, but then Jared threatens Brendon at gun point. Later, Mark grabs his gun from Jared. A weakened Bobby says he wants to live the life of perfection, but Mark reveals his family is not perfect and that he killed his daughter in an accident. As Bobby tries to attack him, Mark shoots him dead. Mark consoles his family, and the rest of Sakowskis are taken into custody by the police. In the final scene, Mark and Mary are interviewed, showing they've drawn closer as a couple.
Cast
Selma Blair as Mary Hughes
Joshua Close as Mark Hughes
Rachel Miner as Jane Sakowski
James D'Arcy as Bobby Sakowski
Quinn Lord as Brendon Hughes
Alex Ferris as Jared Sakowski
Leanne Adachi as the Medic
Matt Bellefleur as Toby
Allie Bertram as Bridget
Agam Darshi as the Nurse
Brett Delaney as the Man in the headlights
Debbe Hirata as the Therapist
Terence Kelly as the Station Attendant
Production
Filming took place in Fort Langley, British Columbia.
Critical reception
In Their Skin received mixed reviews from film critics. As of March 21, 2013, Rotten Tomatoes reported that 45% of critics gave the film positive reviews, with an average score of 5.3/10, based upon a sample of 11 reviews.
Accolades
See also
List of films featuring home invasions
References
External links
2012 films
2012 horror thriller films
Canadian horror thriller films
English-language Canadian films
Films about vacationing
Home invasions in film
2010s English-language films
2010s Canadian films
English-language horror thriller films |
Thurcaston is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Thurcaston and Cropston, in the Charnwood district, in Leicestershire, England. It was the home of Bishop Hugh Latimer.
It borders the villages of Anstey and Cropston, as well as the Leicester suburb of Beaumont Leys. The Rothley Brook flows through the village. The A46 Leicester Western Bypass runs close to the village, separating it from Leicester, Birstall, and Beaumont Leys.
The village of Thurcaston has existed since at least the 8th century AD, and includes a church and several old houses, along with a very small Methodist Chapel. In general, there are few commercial properties, but there exists a pub, The Wheatsheaf Inn, and an electrical showroom, Tebbatts Electronics. There is a single bus service, the 154 run by Centrebus at a maximum frequency of every hour. The previous service, the 55, was shut down in the late 2000s.
Large fields between the Great Central Railway line and the houses of the residents of Leicester Road form a popular place for walking dogs and horses.
A planned housing development is currently being discussed with Charnwood Borough council, upon which will see the erection of up to 50 dwellings, community centre and park, including sustainable drainage system with access off Mill Road, the large area of land is to the east off Mill Road.
Civil parish
On 1 April 1935 the parish of Cropston was merged with Thurcaston, parts of Beaumont Leys was also merged, on 7 August 1989 the parish was renamed "Thurcaston & Cropston". In 1931 the parish of Thurcaston (prior to the merge) had a population of 336.
Richard Hill Primary School
The village school is Richard Hill Primary School, which was founded in 1715 by Richard Hill, a resident of the village. Originally Richard Hill Primary School was located further up Anstey Lane but after expansion into the Memorial Hall in the early 1960s, it was moved further towards Leicester Road in 1968, after accepting more students from Cropston and All Saints/Hall Farm Road. It was further extended by the addition of two classrooms in 1970.
In recent years Richard Hill has had varied results in League Tables.
Thurcaston children go to The Martin High School in the neighbouring village of Anstey from the age of 11 to 16, and The Cedars Academy and Rawlins Academy for 11–18.
References
Villages in Leicestershire
Former civil parishes in Leicestershire
Borough of Charnwood |
Laura Cereta (September 1469 – 1499) was one of the most notable humanist and feminist writers of fifteenth-century Italy. Cereta was the first to put women’s issues and her friendships with women front and center in her work. Cereta wrote in Brescia, Verona, and Venice in 1488–92, known for her writing in the form of letters to other intellectuals. Her letters contained her personal matters and childhood memories, and discussed themes such as women’s education, war, and marriage. Like the first great humanist Petrarch, Cereta claimed to seek fame and immortality through her writing. It appeared that her letters were intended for a general audience.
Life and career
Cereta was born in September 1469 in Brescia to a high-class family. She was a sickly child who suffered from sleeplessness. She was the first-born of six children. She had three brothers, Ippolito, Daniel and Basilio and two sisters, Deodata, and Diana. Her family was very popular in Italy due to her father's status. Silvestro Cereta was an attorney and a king's magistrate and her mother, Veronica di Leno, a famous businessperson. Since her father and Cereta believed in education, at age seven her father sent her to the convent. There she devoted her life to intellectual pursuits and began her academics; she learned religious principles, reading, writing, and Latin with the prioress. The prioress had a big influence in Cereta's life as her teacher, and mentor. The prioress taught Cereta to use late night to predawn hours while everyone else slept to embroider, write, and study. At the age of seven, her teacher guided her courses in Latin grammar. She also taught her how to draw pictures utilizing a needle, which she practiced herself day and night. After two years at the convent, her father requested that Cereta come home to take care of her siblings at the age of nine. After a few months at home, she went back to the convent for more schooling. At the age of twelve, her father summoned her again to come home to take on various household responsibilities. Among them, supervising her brothers' education and serving as her father's secretary. It is likely that her father guided her post-elementary studies. At this time, Cereta showed great interest in mathematics, astrology, agriculture, and her favorite subject, moral philosophy.
In 1484, Cereta got married at age fifteen to Pietro Serina. Serina was a business merchant from Venice, yet had the same interests in academia. Difficulties between the two emerged in their marriage. In her letters to him, she wrote “You charge me with laziness and attack me for my long silence as though I were a defendant in court. You act as if I were the sort of person who would write to strangers and only neglect you, as though I were forgetful of you when in fact I accord you a place of honor above that of other learned men.” Despite the arguments, for Cereta, this was one of the happiest moments in her lifetime. In her letters, she imagined an ideal marriage as a partnership overseen by mutual honor, respect, honesty, and love. Cereta never regarded one's marriage as a kind of friendship, nor did she ever directly call her husband a friend. Nonetheless, in her letters, the languages of marriage and friendship were clearly delineated, focusing the readers' attention upon the reciprocal relations like mutual love, communication. She often focused the readers' attention on mutual relations such as love, communication and responsibility that manage both spousal and friendship. After eighteen months of marriage, her husband died due to a plague. The two had no children and she never remarried.
Cereta finally recovered her spirits two years after the death of her husband and began immersing herself more deeply in her literary studies and works. She continued writing her letters to a close circle of family and friends, discussing personal concerns such as her difficult relationships with her mother and her husband. These letters also provided a detailed description of an early modern woman’s private experiences. Taken together, these letters are evidences of an individual woman and to her persistent feminist concerns. She defended the concept of educating women and objected the abuse of married women. Furthermore, in her public lectures and essays, Cereta explored the history of women's contributions to the intellectual and political life of Europe. She argued against the slavery of women in marriage and for the rights of women to higher education, the same issues that would occupy feminist thinkers in later centuries. Because of these themes, scholars such as Diana Robin consider her an early feminist. Throughout this time, she faced many critics, both male and female, who were jealous of her accomplishments and criticized her works. The two principal charges brought against her were that a woman should not receive an education and that her works were plagiarized, with her father writing them for her. She turned against her critics with aggressiveness. In response to one of her critics, Bibulus Sepromius, Laura said:
My ears are wearied by your carping. You brashly and publicly not merely wonder but indeed lament that I am said to possess as fine a mind as nature ever bestowed upon the most learned man. You seem to think that so learned a woman has scarcely before been seen in the world. You are wrong on both counts, Sempronius, and have dearly strayed from the path of truth and disseminate falsehood…You pretend to admire me as a female prodigy, but there lurks sugared deceit in your adulation. You wait perpetually in ambush to entrap my lovely sex, and overcome by your hatred seek to trample me underfoot and dash me to the earth.
In 1488, Cereta assembled 82 of her letters into a volume. The volume was based on the Petrarchan model called “Epistolae Familiares” and written with a burlesque dialogue on the "death of an ass". She dedicated it to her patron, Cardinal Ascanio Sforza. Her works circulated widely in Italy during the early modern era. However, this volume remained unpublished until the seventeenth century. The manuscript circulated from 1488 to 1492 among humanists in Brescia, Verona, and Venice. It is suspected that she did this to seek legitimization as a writer. Six months after her letters were published, her father died. After his death, she no longer felt inspired to write.
The earliest and most complete publication of Cereta's letters is the Tomasini edition, published in 1640, which nonetheless omits a dozen of her letters.
Death
Laura Cereta died in 1499 between the ages of 29 and 30. Her cause of death is unknown. None of her writings from the later years of her life survived. She was honored with a public funeral and festivities in Brescia, which was uncommon for women. She is remembered as a great woman who laid out the groundwork for many feminist and humanist writers after the Renaissance.
List of works
"Critical Edition of the Unpublished Materials in the Cereta Corpus." Edited by Albert Rabil, Jr. Laura Cereta: Quattrocento Humanist. Binghamton, N.Y.: Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 1981, 111-175.
Laura Cereta: Collected Letters of a Renaissance Feminist. Transcribed, translated, and edited by Diana Robin. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.
"Laura Cereta: Letter to Augustinus Aemilius, Curse against the Ornamentation of Women." Translated and edited by Margaret L. King and Albert Rabil, Jr. Her Immaculate Hand: Selected Works by and about the Women Humanists of Quattrocento Italy. Binghamton, N.Y.: Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 1983, 77-80.
"Laura Cereta to Bibulus Sempronius: Defense of the Liberal Instruction of Women." Translated and edited by Margaret L. King and Albert Rabil, Jr. in Her Immaculate Hand: Selected Works by and about the Women Humanists of Quattrocento Italy. Binghamton, N.Y.: Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 1983, 81-84.
References
Notes
Julie, Kane. n.d. "Letter from Laura Cereta: Brescia, 1488." http://quod.lib.umich.edu/f/fs/0499697.0020.308/1#?/ (accessed October 24, 2014).
King, Margaret L., and Albert Rabil. 1983. Her immaculate hand: selected works by and about the women humanists of Quattrocento Italy. Binghamton, N.Y.: Center for Medieval & Early Renaissance Studies, 1983.
External links
“Brooklyn Museum: Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art: The Dinner Party: Heritage Floor: Laura Cereta” http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/heritage_floor/laura_cereta.php. (December 1, 2014).
“Laura Cereta Facts, information, pictures” http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Laura_Cereta.aspx#2-1G2:3205500065-full. (December 3, 2014).
”Laura Cereta Italian philosopher, humanist.” (Accessed December 1, 2014).
1469 births
1499 deaths
Writers from Brescia
Italian feminists
Italian Renaissance humanists
15th-century Italian women writers |
The 1985–86 season was Arsenal Football Club's 60th consecutive season in the top flight of English football. In this season Arsenal celebrated its centenary, 100 years of footballing history. Arsenal finished seventh in the Football League First Division and saw little success in cup competitions, falling unceremoniously to Aston Villa in the quarterfinals of the League Cup.
Arsenal saw a promising group of young talent break into the first team, with Martin Keown, Tony Adams, Niall Quinn, and David Rocastle all making regular appearances.
Don Howe resigned from Arsenal in March of 1986. Steven Burtenshaw took over from Howe, overseeing a slide from fifth to seventh place. George Graham became manager at the end of the season.
Season summary
After 4 consecutive wins in a run of 8 wins, 2 draws and 1 defeat in 11 games Don Howe resigned on 22 March 1986. With Arsenal on the fringes of the title race, rumours were abound that the Arsenal board had approached Terry Venables with a view to naming him as Don Howe’s successor. When Howe was unable to get clarity or reassurance from the board, he promptly resigned.
Howe was hardly a failure, as the Gunners had not finished lower than seventh in the First Division under his leadership, but in the absence of silverware his exit became inevitable. Adopting a lower public profile than his predecessor, Howe did not invest heavily in the transfer market, preferring to augment his squad by bringing through youngsters such as Tony Adams, David Rocastle and Niall Quinn, but he never attained the desired blend.
Steven Burtenshaw took over with the club 5th in the league. The momentum was immediately lost and with five defeats in the next seven games Arsenal slipped away from their challenging position. Once again, the domestic cups would see the Gunners fall short. In the F.A. Cup they fell in the fifth round, losing 3 – 0 to Luton Town at Kenilworth Road after a replay. In the League Cup, another replay saw Arsenal bow out at the quarter-final stage to Aston Villa. On 8 April 1986 Paul Mariner played his last league game for Arsenal against Nottingham Forest. In his final season he made just 5 starts and 7 sub appearances in league and cup but failed to score.
The crowds declined too. On 26 April 1986 when Arsenal met West Bromwich Albion at Highbury just 14,843 turned up. The 2-2 draw made it just one win in eight matches. On 3 May against Birmingham City Tony Woodcock scored his 11th and final league goal of the season. He was Arsenal’s top scorer, as he was the previous season when both he and Brian Talbot got 10 each. Only 6,234 were in the crowd at St.Andrew's to see it. Two days later Tony Woodcock played his last game for Arsenal, a 3-0 away defeat to Oxford. Then with the season over, Arsenal finishing in 7th, on 14 May 1986 George Graham became manager.
Squad
Results
First Division
Football League Cup
FA Cup
Arsenal entered the FA Cup in the third round proper, in which they were drawn to face Grimsby Town.
Top scorers
First Division
Tony Woodcock 11
Charlie Nicholas 10
Ian Allinson 6
Paul Davis 4
Stewart Robson 4
References
External links
Arsenal 1985–86 on statto.com
Arsenal
Arsenal F.C. seasons |
Nightmare is a French power metal band, from Grenoble. The band was influenced by the new wave of British heavy metal phenomenon developing in the UK in the 1980s and started their career playing classic heavy metal, that later changed to power metal with death metal and thrash metal influences.
Biography
Early career
Nightmare was formed in 1979 and became known when they opened for Def Leppard at the Alpexpo of Grenoble in 1983, in front of an audience of more than 4000. They signed for the label Ebony Records, which published the album Waiting for the Twilight. The LP entered the charts in Japan and was distributed in Greece by Virgin Records. Nightmare replaced singer Christophe Houpert with Jean-Marie Boix to record their second album Power of the Universe. Shortly after, the band terminated its partnership with Ebony Records and the album was reissued in France by Dream Records. Their new label was soon subjected to financial difficulties, which delayed the release of an LP the band was working on. In addition, Jean-Marie Boix was forced to leave the band because of health problems. He was replaced by Scottish singer Tom Jackson (ex- Praying Mantis), hoping that his vocal qualities and his mastery of the English language could help the success of Nightmare on the other side of the Channel. This incarnation of Nightmare produced a demo with two songs and did a few shows in France and England, with moderate success. However, dissension between the musicians about the musical direction for the band, whose music was veering toward AOR, led to disbandment in 1987, closing for more than a decade the career of Nightmare.
Reformation
Nightmare was reborn in 1999 with a revised line-up. Jo Amore, former drummer, took the singer position and left the sticks to his younger brother, David.
The band signed a contract with Adipocere Records and released the mini-album Astral Deliverance, recorded in tribute to Jean-Marie Boix deceased a few months before. Moreover, the old albums were reissued by Brennus Records. Nightmare released also the double-live album Live Deliverance, recorded at the reunion concert held on 30 October 1999 at the Summum of Grenoble. It was the first double-live album ever made by a French metal band. In 2000, Nightmare performed at the festival of Artifacts in Strasbourg and at the prestigious Wacken Open Air Festival.
At the end of the year, Nightmare formalized their collaboration with Napalm Records and in June 2001 began recording the album Cosmovision at Soundsuite Studio, changing their music to melodic power metal. The album was produced by Terje Refnes, known for his work with Theatre of Tragedy, Enslaved, Carpathian Forest and others. The famous French guitarist Patrick Rondat made a guest appearance on the first song "Spirit of the Sunset". The band then left for a short tour with Saxon in France and Italy and opened in Grenoble for Grave Digger, who played on this occasion their first concert in France. At the end of the tour, Alex Hilbert replaced at the guitar Jean Stripolli, who left the band along with keyboardist Stephane Rabilloud. The following year, Nightmare flew to the United States to participate to the Metal Meltdown Festival, which included in the roster Manowar and Saxon. Back in Europe, they opened for Blind Guardian on the dates of Lyon and Paris and were featured in several festivals, including again the Wacken Open Air.
In 2003, Nightmare returned to Soundsuite Studio to record the concept album Silent Room and started the year 2004 with a European tour (France, Spain and Belgium), supporting After Forever and Dark Moor, that brought them to festivals such as the Rotunda Festival and Raismes Fest. Some time later, Nightmare ended amicably their collaboration with Napalm Records. At the end of the year, Nicolas De Dominicis, historical member of Nightmare, left the band and was replaced by guitarist Franck Milleliri. A contract was signed with Regain Records for the album The Dominion Gate, recorded again at Soundsuite Studio with Terje Refnes. A long tour followed in 2006, supporting After Forever, as in the previous one. The band visited France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands and Italy. The group also played a show in Tel Aviv. Nightmare were present at many summer festivals, including the Hellfest, where Alex Hilbert was unable to play and was substituted at the guitar by JC Jess. In August 2008, Alex Hilbert decided to leave the group for "personal reasons" after 6 years of service. He was permanently replaced by JC Jess.
In September 2009, Nightmare released their seventh album, Insurrection, with AFM Records. This album, heavier and more direct than its predecessors, earned the group many good reviews from press and fans. On 31 October 2009 the band held a concert for their 30th anniversary at the Edmond Vigne Hall in Grenoble, where the group originated. The concert was filmed for a DVD released in 2011. The group participated to the 2010 edition of the Wacken Open Air Festival and toured in South America the same year.
In July 2015, Jo and David Amore decided to quit Nightmare and "stop any collaboration with Yves Campion".
In August 30th 2022 on their Facebook page, Nightmare announced the departure of singer Madie, who was the vocalist for their 2020 album Aeternam. In October 2022, they announced their new vocalist Barbara Mogore.
Discography
Studio albums
Waiting for the Twilight (1984)
Power of the Universe (1985)
Cosmovision (2001)
Silent Room (2003)
The Dominion Gate (2005)
Genetic Disorder (2007)
Insurrection (2009)
The Burden of God (2012)
The Aftermath (2014)
Dead Sun (2016)
Aeternam (2020)
EPs
Astral Deliverance (1999)
Divine Nemesis (2020)
Live albums
Live Deliverance (2000)
One Night of Insurrection (2011)
Current members
Barbara Mogore - vocals
Franck Milleliri - guitars
Matt Asselbergs - guitars
Yves Campion - bass
Niels Quiais - drums
Timeline
References
External links
Official site
French musical quintets
French power metal musical groups
French heavy metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 1979
Musicians from Grenoble
Musical groups disestablished in 1987
Musical groups reestablished in 1999
Napalm Records artists
1979 establishments in France |
Gaddiannaram is a suburb in Hyderabad, India. It is located close to the major commercial center, Dilsukhnagar.
Transport
Gaddiannaram has a major bus depot owned by TSRTC, and is therefore well connected to all parts of the city.
The closest MMTS train station is at Malakpet.
References
Neighbourhoods in Hyderabad, India |
Automolis incensa is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1864. It is found in South Africa.
References
Endemic moths of South Africa
Syntomini
Moths described in 1864
Erebid moths of Africa |
The Hajdú-Bihar County Assembly is the local legislative body of Hajdú-Bihar County in Hungary. After the elections in 2019, it consists 24 councillors, and is controlled by the Fidesz which has 16 councillors, versus 3 Jobbik, 2 Democratic Coalition, 2 Momentum Movement and 1 Hungarian Socialist Party councillors.
References
Local government in Hungary
Hajdú-Bihar County |
```objective-c
#ifndef TOKENMANAGER_H
#define TOKENMANAGER_H
#include "UIClass.h"
#include <QMap>
#include <QStringList>
namespace DTI
{
typedef QMap<QString, QString> ColourMap;
typedef QMap<QString, ColourMap> FilePathColourMap;
class TokenManager
{
public:
enum ObjectNamesID {
TOKEN,
GUI_WIN,
GUI_LINUX,
GUI_MAC,
CSS_STYLESHEETS,
INVALID_ID
};
static const QMap<quint32, QString> OBJECT_ID_TO_STRING_MAP;
static TokenManager* instance();
void run();
bool didTokenUIOrCSSFilesChange(const QMap<QString, QMap<QString, QString>>& parsedHashMap);
QMap<QString, QMap<QString, QString>> readHashFile();
bool writeHashFile();
FilePathColourMap parseTokenJSON(const QStringList& tokenFilePathsList);
private:
TokenManager();
bool didFilesChange(const QStringList& filePathList,
const QMap<QString, QString>& hashMap);
bool areHashesMatching(const QStringList& filePathList,
const QMap<QString, QString>& hashMap);
void parseUiFiles(const QStringList& uiFilePathsList,
QVector<QSharedPointer<UIClass>>& UIClasses);
QStringList generateStylesheets(const ColourMap& colourMap,
const QVector<QSharedPointer<UIClass>>& uiClassList,
const QString& saveDirectory);
QStringList generateWinApplicationStyleJsonFile();
QStringList mTokenFilePathsList;
QStringList mWinUIFilePathsList;
QStringList mLinuxUIFilePathsList;
QStringList mMacUIFilePathsList;
QStringList mCSSFiles;
QVector<QSharedPointer<UIClass>> mWinUIClasses;
QVector<QSharedPointer<UIClass>> mLinuxUIClasses;
QVector<QSharedPointer<UIClass>> mMacUIClasses;
};
} // namespace DTI
#endif // TOKENMANAGER_H
``` |
Hurricane is a pinball machine released by Williams Electronics in August 1991. It was designed by Barry Oursler as the third game in Oursler's amusement park themed pinball trilogy. The first being Comet, released in 1985, and the second being Cyclone, released in 1988.
Description
The game has some new features and many other features that came from its predecessors. New features include the Hurricane ramp which is a ramp that circles the whole playfield and acts as the skill shot when the player shoots the ball up the ramp on the right side of the playfield awarding the player 500,000 and adds up and additional 250,000 each time the skill shot is made successfully. Another new feature is the Juggler in the middle of the playfield that shoots the ball up and then U-turns back down to the Pop bumpers and also acts as the ball lock for multiball. Several other features return from both Comet and Cyclone as well, like the Comet ramp in the middle of the playfield and the Ferris wheel mechanism from Cyclone In which this game has a double Ferris Wheel other than a single one to carry the ball from one ferris wheel to another, then to the ramp and back to the playfield. Other features include the dummy and the shooting gallery targets in form of Cats and Ducks that returned from Comet. Another feature of this game is a rotating backglass that is similar to Cyclone's award wheel with the Hurricane rollercoaster spinning around and choosing the award the player receives on the Dot-Matrix display.
Gameplay Rules
The primary rules of the game is to complete the PALACE letters, start multiball, and complete the clown face in the middle of the playfield to start Clown Time.
PALACE-To get the PALACE letters, shoot the hurricane ramp on the right side of the playfield when "Palace Letter" is lit to be awarded one letter at a time. Once you complete PALACE, the Palace Jackpot will light at the juggler awarding you in a range of 5 million to 15 or 16 million.
Multiball-To start multiball, hit the 3 duck bank targets on the left to lite the lock at the juggler. Once two balls are locked and the third is launched onto the playfield, multiball will begin and you must shoot the Hurricane ramp to score 1 million the first time, 2 million the second, and 5 million the third time. After two of the three balls drain, Multiple Scoring will start and last for 15 seconds.
Clown Time-To complete the clown face you must shoot for six major shots:
1. Ferris Wheel- Lights left eye
2. Hurricane Ramp - Lights right eye
3. The Dummy - Lights the nose
4. the Ducks - Lights left cheek
5. the Cats - Lights right cheek
6. 300K shot of Comet ramp - Lights the mouth
After you have made these six major shots, Clown Time will light at the Hurricane ramp and you must shoot it to start the mode. Clown time will last for 25 seconds and in the meantime, all targets are worth 50,000 while all of the major shots in the game like both the Comet and the Hurricane Ramp score 500,000 for the first time, 750,000 for the second and 1 million for each major shot for the rest of the mode.
Other Rules
Bonus Multiplier- Shoot the dummy to increase the bonus multiplier from 1× to a maximum of 6×. Lights extra ball when flashing (except when five extra balls had been earned, and this happens, a score award is given for each one thereafter).
Mystery- Shoot the 4 cat bank targets on the right to light the mystery at the juggler. Will award you with Points, Specials, Extra Balls, Palace Letters, Bonus Multipliers, etc. (At some points in the game, it will award you with "Absolutely Nothing" which awards you with no points; This is similar to the "Zilch" award in Cyclone).
Ferris Wheel - Shoot left loop to collect the Ferris Wheel bonus. This can be increased by either hitting the duck targets or the jet bumpers 15K at a time up to a maximum of 1 million.
Hurricane Ramp- Shoot for this to be awarded with a skill shot, a PALACE letter, 1 million Points, and start Clown Time. Hit the 4 cat bank targets to relight.
Comet Ramp- Shoot this ramp to be awarded 100K for the first time, 200K for the second, 300K for the third and unlimited millions once you shoot for it multiple times after the fourth time.
Cast of Characters
Hurricane
Three Million
Clown Time
Bonus Multiplier
2X Playfield Scores
Lite Extra Ball
Five Million
One Million
Ferris Wheel
100,000
Two Million
Lite Special
3X Playfield Scores
Extra Ball
Palace Letter
Absolutely Nothing
5X Playfield Scores
Special
Dunk the Dummy
Instant Lock
50 Thousand
Jackpot
Hurricane Ramp
Comet Ramp
Mystery
Grand Champion
Game quotes
"You've got an arm like a wet rag!"
"Hurry, Hurry, Hurry! Step right this way..."
Legacy
Hurricane was released as a licensed table for The Pinball Arcade in February 2016 and removed from all digital stores on June 30, 2018, when the license with WMS expired.
Less than a year after the table was delisted from stores, Zen Studios announced that they will bring back a digital version of Hurricane as part of the fourth wave of Williams pinball table conversions, due to be available for purchase for Pinball FX 3 on May 28, 2019.
References
External links
Williams pinball machines
1991 pinball machines |
HMS LST-412 was a United States Navy that was transferred to the Royal Navy during World War II. As with many of her class, the ship was never named. Instead, she was referred to by her hull designation.
Construction
LST-412 was laid down on 24 September 1942, under Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MC hull 932, by the Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard, Baltimore, Maryland; launched 16 November 1942; then transferred to the United Kingdom and commissioned on 23 January 1943.
Service history
LST-412, in company with sister ships and , left New York, 13 March 1943, with refinery equipment bound for Curaçao, she then sailed to Freetown, Sierra Leone. LST-412 participated with the Royal Navy during the invasion of Normandy, June 1944.
LST-412 saw no active service in the United States Navy. She was decommissioned and returned to United States Navy custody on 23 January 1946, and struck from the Navy list on 20 March 1946. On 16 December 1947, LST-412 was sold to the Northern Metals Co., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and subsequently scrapped.
See also
List of United States Navy LSTs
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
Online resources
External links
Ships built in Baltimore
1942 ships
LST-1-class tank landing ships of the Royal Navy
World War II amphibious warfare vessels of the United Kingdom
S3-M2-K2 ships |
```c++
//
// Aspia Project
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
//
// along with this program. If not, see <path_to_url
//
#include "common/ui/status_dialog.h"
#include "base/logging.h"
#include "ui_status_dialog.h"
#include <QAbstractButton>
#include <QPushButton>
#include <QTime>
namespace common {
//your_sha256_hash----------------------------------
StatusDialog::StatusDialog(QWidget* parent)
: QDialog(parent),
ui(std::make_unique<Ui::StatusDialog>())
{
LOG(LS_INFO) << "Ctor";
ui->setupUi(this);
QPushButton* close_button = ui->buttonbox->button(QDialogButtonBox::StandardButton::Close);
if (close_button)
close_button->setText(tr("Close"));
connect(ui->buttonbox, &QDialogButtonBox::clicked, this, [this](QAbstractButton* button)
{
if (ui->buttonbox->standardButton(button) == QDialogButtonBox::Close)
{
LOG(LS_INFO) << "[ACTION] Close button clicked";
close();
}
});
}
//your_sha256_hash----------------------------------
StatusDialog::~StatusDialog()
{
LOG(LS_INFO) << "Dtor";
}
//your_sha256_hash----------------------------------
void StatusDialog::addMessage(const QString& message)
{
ui->edit_status->appendPlainText(
QTime::currentTime().toString() + QLatin1Char(' ') + message);
}
//your_sha256_hash----------------------------------
void StatusDialog::addMessageAndActivate(const QString& message)
{
if (isHidden())
{
LOG(LS_INFO) << "Window is hidden. Show and activate";
show();
activateWindow();
}
addMessage(message);
}
//your_sha256_hash----------------------------------
void StatusDialog::retranslateUi()
{
ui->retranslateUi(this);
}
//your_sha256_hash----------------------------------
void StatusDialog::closeEvent(QCloseEvent* event)
{
LOG(LS_INFO) << "Close event detected";
QDialog::closeEvent(event);
}
} // namespace common
``` |
The 2017 season of The Challenge: Champs vs. Stars is the first season of a recurring special mini-series of MTV's long-running reality game show, The Challenge premiered November 21, 2017 and follows on from 2016's The Challenge: Champs vs. Pros. In the eight-week event, eleven alum from The Real World, The Challenge, and Are You the One? who have made it to the finals on a regular season of The Challenge compete against celebrities.
Contestants
Game summary
Challenge games
Tow Truck: Starting with four players, two of each gender, teams must pull a semi-truck up a small incline from start to finish. Across the track are checkpoints. the first check point adds two more players, for a total of six pulling, while the other checkpoints have two players from each team that can swap out with a current player, if they desire. First team to finish wins.
Winners: Champs - MVP: Zach
Parkour the Course: All across the arena flags are placed with pints ranging from 1 point up to 5 points per flag. Each team sends individuals to try to grab as many flags as they can. The opposing team from across the arena has access to a slingshot to try to hit the runner with a ball to end the round. The opposing team also sends one player to try to tag the runner to end the round. Each individual player gets one round on offense and one round on defense. Most points by the end of all the runs wins.
Winners: Champs - MVP: Emily
Slamball: Similar to Basketball, in three rounds, each team send three players to try and score as many points as possible across an arena of trampolines. Players cannot jump around different trampolines with the ball. They must either shoot it, or pass it. If the shot is made from a marked trampoline, the team scores three points, instead of the usual one point. First to win three out of five rounds wins.
Winners: Champs - MVP: Zach
Push Ball: Similar to soccer, teams must score as many goals as possible using a giant soccer ball in two rounds. Each team assigns player to defense and offense. After two 10-minutes rounds, most goals wins.
Winners: Champs - MVP: Aneesa
Jumbo Foosball: Similar to the table game of Foosball, teams must try to kick the ball into the opposing team's goal to score a point. Players are tied to a pole and arranged similar to the table game, only being able to move left or right. Most points by the end of the game wins.
Winners: Champs - MVP: Wes
Flag Pole: Individually, players must run towards a pole and must bring it down into the water. They must then swim as fast as they can towards a buoy. There are flags the players can grab to subtract seconds off their total times, with the harder to reach flags being worth more time subtracted. Fastest combined team time wins.
Winners: Champs - MVP: CT
Sink or Swim: Competing as individuals, players must swim through a five obstacle course. At the end of each obstacle, players must release assigned balls before moving on to the next obstacle. The fastest male and female from each team win guaranteed spots in the final. They also get to choose one more player from their team to advance to the finals.
Winners
Champs: Bananas & Emily
Stars: Josh & Michelle
Championship Series: In the final challenge, the teams participate in five challenges. The first four challenges are used to determine who will get an advantage in the fifth challenge. Whoever wins the fifth challenge wins the final challenge.
Don't Trip: Teams must traverse from pedestal to pedestal to reach a flag at the end of the course. If players fall off the pedestal or their one plank used to traverse each pedestal touches the floor, the team must start over. Once they reach the end, they must open a combination lock using numbers gained from each pedestal they crossed. First team to raise their team flag wins.
Winners: Champs
#Hard AF: Similar to "X Knocks the Spot" from Battle of the Exes, players of the same team stand on a platform and have to duck and jump over swinging bars. The opposing team has to try to knock off one player using rubber balls. If one player falls, their time is stopped and the team switch sides. Whichever team has the longer time after each team has gone wins.
Winners: Champs
Face Race: Teams must race around a race track with a small wooden car while trying to hit and collect cardboard faces of the opposing team. One team member is in the small wooden car to steer while blind-folded as the other two members push and collect. Once they reach the end of the track, they must arrange the order of the faces according to their charity they are playing for. First team to correctly arrange the faces to the charity wins.
Winners: Stars
Slide Ball: In a first-to-five game, teams must try to throw a ball in the opposing team's goal to score a point. The arena is very slippery and soapy and players are oiled up. First to 5 goals wins.
Winners: Champs
Tower of Power: Players are shackled together and must race around the stands to collect large plank puzzle pieces. Once their team collects all their respective pieces, they must dig through sand to find individual keys for each member to release them from their restraints. Each team has 25 total keys, minus three for each challenge they won in the Championship Series. Once released, they must complete their puzzle pyramid using the pieces they collect. First to finish the puzzle pyramid and scale up it is the winner of The Challenge: Champs vs. Stars.
Winners: Champs
Arena Games
Target Practice: While standing on rotating platforms, players must try to throw balls across to their respective goals to score points. If any player falls off, their competitor can continue the round until they fall off or run out of balls. After two rounds, the player with the most points win.
Played by: Cory vs. Matt
Ground Control: Players must pull themselves down several pegs to try to reach their button to push. Each player is directly linked to their competitor, with their competitor being pulled further away as they pull closer to the button. First player to push the button wins.
Played by: Wes vs. Romeo
Lasso Me: Players are each given a hoop that they must try to wring it around their competitors body. Played in a best 3 out of 5 format, first to 3 pints wins.
Played by: Tori vs. Shawn
Tic Tac Hole: In a combination of mini-golf and Connect 4, players must first try to sink a golf ball into the hole in the middle of the arena. If they are successful, they can place a connect 4 piece onto the board. Players repeat this process until a player achieves 4 in a row on the main board. The first player that achieves 4 in a row on the board wins.
Played by: Bananas vs. Riff Raff
Cage Match: Players star in the middle of a caged arena. When the round starts, they must try to grab the rope in the middle and bring it outside of the cage. If there is a stalemate from both players, to which there is barely any movement, the round resets back to start. First player to successfully get the rope outside the cage wins.
Played by: Aneesa vs. Michelle
Elimination chart
Episode progress
Teams
The contestant is on the Champs team.
The contestant is on the Stars team.
Competition
The contestant won the final challenge.
The contestant did not win the final challenge.
The contestant was named "MVP" for their team and was immune from the Arena.
The contestant won in the Arena.
The contestant lost in the Arena and was eliminated.
The contestant was voted into the Arena, but did not have to compete.
The contestant didn't win the challenge or wasn't picked to be in the final challenge and was eliminated.
The contestant won the team challenge, but was disqualified from the competition due to physical violence.
The contestant was forced to leave the competition due to injury.
The contestant withdrew from the competition.
Notes
Episodes
References
External links
The Challenge (TV series)
Television shows set in Los Angeles
2017 American television seasons
2018 American television seasons
Celebrity reality television series |
Banelco (an acronym for Banca Electrónica Compartida) is an ATM network in Argentina. Established in 1985, it offers several services related to cash flow management, including debit cards, electronic transfers and service payments.
Banelco is owned by private banks and operates 6.000 ATMs (one third of the total in the country). Its main competitor in the Argentine market is Red Link. The company also operates Pagomiscuentas, an electronic bill payment service.
Member banks
Banks in Argentina which maintain Banelco ATMs include:
Banco Comafi
Banco del Sol
Banco Galicia
Banco Itaú
Banco Macro
Banco Patagonia
Banco Regional del Cuyo
Banco Santander Río
Banco Supervielle
BBVA Banco Francés
Citi Bank
HSBC Argentina
ICBC Bank
BRJFO AMUR
See also
Automated Teller Machine
ATM Industry Association (ATMIA)
References
External links
Official website
Banking in Argentina
Financial services companies established in 1985
Financial services companies of Argentina
Interbank networks
Argentine companies established in 1985 |
Mikhail Petrovich Petrov may refer to:
Mikhail Petrovich Petrov (colonel) (1904–1967), Tatar Soviet Army colonel
Mikhail Petrovich Petrov (general) (1898–1941), Red Army major general |
Jariștea is a commune located in Vrancea County, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Jariștea, Pădureni, Scânteia and Vărsătura.
The is in the commune.
References
Communes in Vrancea County
Localities in Western Moldavia |
Baron La Poer, de la Poer, is a title in the Peerage of Ireland held by the Marquess of Waterford. Its creation is the sole instance in the law of the Kingdom of Ireland recognising a peerage by writ.
Origin of the title
The progenitor of the family was a companion of Strongbow, from whom he obtained grant for extensive lands in Waterford c. 1172. The barony was created in 1535 for Sir Richard le Poer.
James Power, 3rd Earl of Tyrone, who was also the 8th Baron Power, held both his titles by letters patent (dated 1535 and 1637 respectively), which specified that the titles would be inherited by heirs male of the grantee. When he died in 1704 however, his only child was a daughter, Lady Catharine Power. The Earldom became extinct, and in an ordinary course of events, the Barony of Power would have been inherited by his distant cousin, Colonel John Power (or Poore) of the French Régiment de Dublin. The colonel was however a Jacobite and therefore outlawed and attainted in 1688. Although inheriting none of the titles, Lady Catharine therefore inherited the land.
Lady Catharine grew up and married in 1717 an Irish politician, Sir Marcus Beresford, 4th Baronet. After a lawsuit with John Power, Sir Marcus and Lady Catharine retained the Power property, and Sir Marcus was raised into the Peerage of Ireland by creating him Viscount Tyrone in 1720. After the Jacobite rebellion of 1745, he was further elevated in 1746 as Earl of Tyrone (the same name of title as that of his father-in-law, but a new creation). After he died in 1763, Lady Catharine, now the Dowager Countess of Tyrone, had petitioned the Irish House of Lords to restore to her the "Barony de la Poer", which she asserted was created by writ for her grandfather Richard Power. He was summoned to the Parliament of Ireland somewhere in the 1650s, but was not yet a peer. He became the 6th Baron Power in 1661, and was created the 1st Earl of Tyrone and 1st Viscount Decies in 1673.
Petition
The petition was based on another writ received by Nicholas (fitz John) le Poer, of Kilmeadan, who was summoned to the Parliament of Ireland on 23 November 1375, 22 January 1378, and 11 September 1380. The Dowager Countess of Tyrone was a descendant of Nicholas's daughter Ellen, who married David Poer or Power, known as "Davey Rothe", of Conoughmore, ancestor of the Barons Power. Since Nicholas le Poer also had sons who left children, the Countess was not heiress of Nicholas.
Nevertheless, on 9 November 1767 the Irish House of Lords resolved that she had proved her case; the Crown confirmed this on 19 December 1767 and allowed her "all the rights and privileges belonging to the said Barony", as they had been held by "her grandfather Richard, who sat and voted as Baron La Poer". As Complete Peerage remarks, the effect of a resolution that "a lady was entitled to a barony that never existed" (and to which she would not be heiress if it had) is open to question; so is the confirmation in all the rights of a man who never held the barony.
Successors
When the Dowager Countess died, 27 July 1769, any title she may have held passed to her son George, 2nd Earl of Tyrone, who was promoted to Marquess of Waterford in 1789, as part of the British government's effort to manage Grattan's Parliament; all his titles are held today by Henry Beresford, 9th Marquess of Waterford.
"Barony by writ" vs. "barony by patent"
Instead of a barony by patent, a "barony by writ" is a hereditary title created by a writ of summons, but without issuing a letters patent. Other differences are that a barony by writ is inherited in strict order of succession by the heirs general of the recipient of the writ: daughters of barons, if they are only children (like Countess Catharine), do therefore inherit such baronies. A barony by writ is a typical creation of English common law, but aside from this case, they are now almost non-existent in the Peerage of Ireland.
Spelling
Both titles and the surnames le Poer and Power are all forms of the same name, originally Anglo-Norman le pover, meaning "the Poor" (i.e. poor man). The sobriquet specifically referred to a vow of poverty undertaken by religious men rather than ordinary poverty. It was quite common in medieval England and Ireland. Romantics have also claimed a connection with Poher in Brittany.
The spellings de la Poer and La Poer, in the feminine, originate from the Countess's petition, although it is ungrammatical, and J. H. Round called it "idiotic"; the feminine article may be the result of applying it to a peeress. Her spelling has been widely used as a middle name by her Beresford descendants; some of the Powers also adopted this fashionable spelling.
References
Further reading
Baronies created by error
Baron |
Patrick McFarlane (29 May 1932 – 25 October 2013) was an association footballer who represented New Zealand at international level.
McFarlane made his full All Whites debut in a 2–3 loss to Australia on 16 August 1958 and ended his international playing career with 7 A-international caps and 7 non cap earning appearances to his credit, his final cap an appearance in a 2-1 win over Tahiti on 12 September 1960.
Personal information
Born in Scotland, McFarlane migrated to New Zealand as a young man and worked as a tiling contractor in Dunedin. He was married to Mary with whom he had three children.
References
External links
Funeral Notice
1932 births
2013 deaths
New Zealand men's association footballers
New Zealand men's international footballers
Men's association football wing halves |
Dzierzki () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jedwabno, within Szczytno County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
It lies approximately west of Szczytno and south-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
As of 2016, the village had a population of approximately 180.
References
Dzierzki |
Skrzypki Duże is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bielsk Podlaski, within Bielsk County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately west of Bielsk Podlaski and south of the regional capital Białystok.
References
Villages in Bielsk County |
Jacobus Boonen (1573–1655) was the sixth Bishop of Ghent (1617–1620) and the fourth Archbishop of Mechelen (1621–1655).
Life
Born at Antwerp on 11 October 1573, Boonen studied at the University of Leuven from 1587 to 1595 and began a legal career. He accompanied the Prince of Arenberg on a diplomatic mission in the republic and afterwards became the manager of his affairs.
His ordination as deacon took place on 14 April 1607; then he gained a stipend as a graduate canon in Mechelen. Initially, his career stayed centred on legal matters: in 1607, he became a judge for the synod; in 1608, an official of the archdiocese; and, in 1611, member of the Great Council of Mechelen. He was not ordained a priest until 1611, at the age of 37.
He was a member of the household of Archbishop Mathias Hovius, an ecclesiastical councillor in the Great Council of Mechelen (1611), and also served as dean of the chapter of St. Rumbold's Cathedral (1612). In 1616 he was named bishop of Ghent (invested January 1617) and in 1620 Archbishop of Mechelen (invested 1621). As archbishop he was ex officio the first lord spiritual in the States of Brabant, and accordingly the first member by precedence of the Estates General of 1632.
He was a friend of Cornelius Jansen, and sabotaged the promulgation of the papal bull Cum occasione (31 May 1653) which condemned five propositions extracted from Jansen's writings. He was accordingly disciplined by Pope Innocent X, but later obtained absolution and was reinstated. He died at Brussels on 30 June 1655.
References
1573 births
1655 deaths
17th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in the Holy Roman Empire
Flemish priests
Roman Catholic archbishops of Mechelen-Brussels
Clergy from Antwerp
Old University of Leuven alumni
Bishops of Ghent
Lawyers from the Habsburg Netherlands
17th-century jurists |
Winter Buoy is a 2015 documentary film directed by the Swedish Cannes-awarded Frida Kempff. The film is about a group of nurses in Toronto helping pregnant women struggle with their homelessness, drug addictions and violent relationships.
The film had its premiere at the 2015 Gothenburg Film Festival where it was nominated to the Dragon Award Best Nordic Documentary. It was awarded Best Documentary at NIFF, Nordic International Film Festival, USA. It was also nominated to the 2015 First Films International Competition at Cinéma du Réel in Paris and to the Tempo Documentary Award at the 2015 Tempo Documentary Festival in Stockholm.
References
External links
Winter Buoy at Internet Movie Database
Winter Buoy at The Swedish Film Institute Database
2015 films
2015 documentary films
Documentary films about health care
Documentary films about violence against women
Documentary films about homelessness in Canada
Documentary films about Toronto
Documentary films about drug addiction
Women in Ontario
2010s English-language films
Violence against women in Canada |
George C. Edwards III is University Distinguished Professor of Political Science and Jordan Chair in Presidential Studies Emeritus at Texas A&M University and distinguished fellow at the University of Oxford. He is a leading scholar of American politics, particularly of the American presidency, authoring or editing 28 books and approximately 100 articles and essays.
Biography
Edwards was born in Rochester, New York, in 1947 and moved with his family to Florida in 1959. He received his B.A. from Stetson University (1969) and his M.A. (1970) and Ph.D. (1973) from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He also has an M.A. from the University of Oxford.
Academic career
He taught at Tulane University from 1973 to 1978 before moving to Texas A&M University in 1978.
He was the founder and from 1991 to 2001 the director of The Center for Presidential Studies. From 1998 until 2022 he was editor of Presidential Studies Quarterly. He is also general editor of the Oxford Handbook of American Politics. He is currently University Distinguished Professor and Jordan Chair in Presidential Studies Emeritus at Texas A&M University and Distinguished Fellow at the University of Oxford.
Edwards has held a number of visiting appointments, including:
2017, Warden's Visitor, Nuffield College, University of Oxford
2012-13, John Winant Professor of American Government and professorial fellow, Balliol College, University of Oxford
2009, Fellow, Nuffield College, University of Oxford
2008, Chercheur Invité, Sciences Po, Paris
2005-06, Olin Professor of American Government and professorial fellow, Nuffield College, University of Oxford
2002-03, John Adams Fellow, School of Advanced Studies, University of London
1997, Professor of political science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
1993, Professor of political science, Peking University, Beijing
1985-88, Professor of social sciences, U.S. Military Academy, West Point
He has advised Brazil on its constitution and the operation of its presidency, Russia on building a democratic national party system, Mexico on elections, and Chinese scholars on democracy. He also wrote studies for the 1988, 2000, 2008, 2016, and 2020 U.S. presidential transitions and was instrumental in bringing the George Bush Presidential Library and Museum to Texas A&M University’s campus.
Scholarly focus
Edwards's principal focus has been the American presidency. This work has focused on several themes. First, He pioneered the quantitative study of the presidency with Presidential Influence in Congress, the first quantitative study of the presidency and has edited three volumes on theory and methods of researching the presidency: The Oxford Handbook of the American Presidency; Researching the Presidency; and Studying the Presidency.
His second focus has been presidential leadership in Congress. He has written that presidents are highly dependent on the strategic position in which they find themselves and can only influence Congress at the margins.
Edwards has also written widely on the president’s relations with the public, particularly their efforts to lead public opinion. He has reported that presidents are rarely able to move the public in their direction. Despite all their efforts, their words typically fall on deaf ears.
In recent years, he has fashioned his empirical findings into a theory of presidential leadership that challenges the view that presidential power is the power to persuade. Instead, he argues, presidential power is the power to recognize and exploit opportunities. In other words, presidents cannot create opportunities for change and must understand and take advantage of whatever possibilities for change already exist. In early 2009, he predicted the problems President Barack Obama would face, despite the declarations of many insiders the new president would transform the political landscape and thus pave the way for major changes in policy. He confirmed these predictions in two books. In 2016, he predicted that despite his reputed promotional and negotiating skills, Donald Trump would not succeed in persuading either the public or Congress to follow his lead, which his subsequent research confirmed.
He has also written on reforming the Electoral College and has written and spoken widely on the subject. He also was among the first authors to devote attention to implementing public policy, especially the president's role as chief executive. Most recently, Edwards tackled the area of decision making, arguing that presidents and other top officials often make disastrous decisions because they are prisoners of faulty premises.
Major works
Prisoners of Their Premises: How Unexamined Assumptions Lead to War and Other Policy Debacles (Chicago, 2022).
Changing Their Minds? Donald Trump and Presidential Leadership (Chicago, 2021).
Predicting the Presidency: The Potential of Persuasive Leadership (Princeton, 2016).
Overreach: Leadership in the Obama Presidency (Princeton, 2012).
Why the Electoral College Is Bad for America, 3rd ed. (Yale, 2019).
The Strategic President: Persuasion and Opportunity in Presidential Leadership (Princeton, 2009).
The Oxford Handbook of the American Presidency (Oxford, 2009), co-editor.
Governing by Campaigning: The Politics of the Bush Presidency, 2nd ed. (Longman, 2007).
On Deaf Ears: The Limits of the Bully Pulpit (Yale, 2003).
Researching the Presidency (Pittsburgh, 1993).
Presidential Approval (Johns Hopkins, 1990).
At the Margins: Presidential Leadership of Congress (Yale, 1989).
Implementing Public Policy (Congressional Quarterly Press, 1980).
References
External links
Home Page
Ezra Klein, “The Unpersuaded,” New Yorker, March 19, 2012.
NPR Interview on the George W. Bush Presidency, January 7, 2009:
Lecture on the Electoral College on C-Span, 21 Sept. 2004.
1947 births
American male writers
Fellows of Nuffield College, Oxford
Living people
Stetson University alumni
Texas A&M University faculty
Tulane University faculty
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Writers from Rochester, New York |
A Little Piece of Heaven is a 1991 American made-for-television family drama film directed by Mimi Leder, written by Betty Goldberg, starring Kirk Cameron, Chelsea Noble, Lacey Chabert, Jenny Robertson, Ron McLarty, Jussie Smollett, and Cloris Leachman. It originally premiered December 2, 1991 on NBC.
Plot
Will Loomis (Kirk Cameron) is living with his mentally disabled sister Violet (Jenny Robertson) after their parents have died. She wants a young child to play with for Christmas, so Will drugs and kidnaps a child from the local orphanage, and later, when his sister says she doesn't like the boy and demands her brother gets her a girl, Will kidnaps a girl from an abusive home.
The children are told they have died and are in heaven. Will and Violet try to make their farm "a little piece of heaven" for the kids, while the authorities wonder what has happened to the missing children.
After the police locate the children, Will is arrested. During a hearing, both children defend Will's actions. A judge orders Will to open their farm to other disadvantaged children which the court will assign to their care.
Cast
Awards
Emmy Awards
1992, Outstanding Individual Achievement in Music Composition for a Miniseries or a Special (Nominated)
Young Artist Awards
1993, Best Young Actress Under Ten in a Television Movie, Lacey Chabert (Nominated)
References
External links
1991 television films
1991 films
1991 drama films
Films scored by Don Davis (composer)
Films about children
Films directed by Mimi Leder
NBC network original films
American drama television films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films
Films about disability
English-language drama films |
Guangzhou Tram (; or "YoungTram") is the tram system in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China. It is operated by Guangzhou Tram Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Guangzhou Metro Corporation.
Lines
As of September 2021, 2 lines (Haizhu Tram and Huangpu Tram Line 1) are in operation, 1 line (Huangpu Tram Line 2) in Huangpu District is under construction, and several lines in Huangpu District, Zengcheng District, Guangzhou South Railway Station, Guangzhou Baiyun Airport and other places are being planned.
Haizhu
The first trial section of the Haizhu Island Circular New Tram (; or THZ1) opened on 31 December 2014. It is located in northern shore of Haizhu Island and runs from Canton Tower station to Wanshengwei station, making a total of 10 stops and in length.
Huangpu
According to a document released by Huangpu District Government in 2017, 13 tram lines are planned in the area.
Construction of Huangpu's first tram line, Huangpu Tram Line 1 (), started in March 2018. It operates between Xiangxue and Xinfeng Lu (), connecting central Huangpu and Changlingju area. Trail operation without passengers started in September 2019. The initial section opened on 1 July 2020, and the remaining section opened on 28 December 2020.
In addition to line 1, Huangpu Tram Line 2 () started construction in December 2019 and is expected to be opened in 2023. It operates between Xiangxue and Nangang (), mainly serves residents of Xiangxue, Yunpu and Dongqu.
See also
Guangzhou Metro
Zhujiang New Town APM
References
External links
Transport in Guangzhou
Railway lines opened in 2014
2014 establishments in China |
SequenceVariantAnalyzer (SVA) is a computer program for annotating and analyzing genetic variants called (identified) from a whole genome or exome sequencing study (Shotgun sequencing).
Introduction
Background
DNA sequence information underpins genetic research, enabling discoveries of important biological or medical benefit. Compared with previous discovery strategies, a whole-genome sequencing study is no longer constrained by differing patterns of linkage disequilibrium, thus, in theory, is more possible to directly identify the genetic variants contributing to biological traits or medical outcomes.
The rapidly evolving high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies have now allowed the rapid generation of large amounts of sequence data for the purpose of performing such whole-genome sequencing studies, at a reasonable cost. SequenceVariantAnalyzer, or SVA, is software that analyzes genetic variants identified in such studies.
Functions
SVA is designed for two specific aims:
(1) To annotate the biological functions of the identified genetic variants and group them, conveniently;
(2) To find the genetic variants that are associated with or responsible for the biological traits or medical outcomes of interest.
Language
SVA is developed on the Java platform.
Authors
SVA is developed and maintained by Dr. Dongliang Ge and Dr. David B. Goldstein at Duke University, Center for Human Genome Variation.
References
External links
SVA project website
Genetics software |
Stănculescu is a Romanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alina Stănculescu (born 1990), Romanian artistic gymnast
Ioana Stanciulescu (born 2004), Romanian artistic gymnast
Victor Stănculescu (1928–2016), Romanian general officer and politician
Ştefan Stănculescu (1923–2013), Romanian football player and coach
See also
Stanca (disambiguation)
Romanian-language surnames |
White sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) is a species of sturgeon in the family Acipenseridae of the order Acipenseriformes. They are an anadromous (migratory) fish species ranging in the Eastern Pacific; from the Gulf of Alaska to Monterey, California. However, some are landlocked in the Columbia River Drainage, Montana, and Lake Shasta in California, with reported sightings in northern Baja California, Mexico.
Description
A. transmontanus is distinguished by the two rows of four to eight ganoid bony plates between the anus and anal fin, with about 45 rays present in the dorsal fin. Coloring can range from gray to brownish on the dorsal side, paler on the ventral side, and gray fins. Barbels are situated anterior to the mouth, closer to the snout than the mouth.
At sexual maturity, A. transmontanus can reach in length, while the maximum length recorded of any age class is , with common lengths around . While age at maturity is uncertain, possible age ranges of known A. transmontanus specimens range from 11 to 34 years old. The most authentic record of the maximum weight of this species is reported to be , while other unauthenticated records show a higher weight estimate, as with the estimate for an individual with a reported age of 104 years. In one 1995 study, a sample of adults weighed from . A specimen, considered the largest in the state in recent years, of at a length of was recorded relatively recently in California.
Taxonomy
Alternate common names include: Pacific Sturgeon, Oregon Sturgeon, Columbia Sturgeon, Snake River Sturgeon and Sacramento Sturgeon. The specific name is derived from the Latin words acipenser (sturgeon), trans (beyond), and montanus (mountain).
The white sturgeon is part of a Pacific clade of species including Kaluga (Huso dauricus), Sakhalin (Acipenser mikadoi), Green (Acipenser medirostris), Chinese (Acipenser sinensis) and Amur (Acipenser schrenkii) Sturgeon. Recent genetic analysis supports a close relationship between (A. transmontanus) and (A. schrenckii), which is only found in Asia, showing a common ancestor between the two around 45.8 million years ago. Using microsatellites, genetic differentiation between different river systems in the Pacific Northwest and California is high enough to be able to distinguish between white sturgeon populations and validate a structure in which watershed (A. transmontanus) resides in.
Extant sturgeon species are polyploid, containing more than two paired sets of chromosomes, derived from an extinct ancestor containing 60 chromosomes. Genome duplication during sturgeon evolution has led to three different groups of species with 120, 240, and 360 chromosomes. Recent study of microsatellite inheritance in white sturgeon supports that it is an ancestral octoploid, with 240 chromosomes.
Distribution and habitat
White sturgeon are native to several large North American rivers that drain to the Pacific Ocean. They primarily live in estuaries of large rivers, but migrate to spawn in freshwater, and travel long distances between river systems. Reproducing populations have been documented along the West Coast, from northern Mexico up to the Aleutian Islands in Alaska. White sturgeon are commonly found in deep, soft bottomed areas of estuaries, where movements in the water column is dependent on salinity.
Historical ranges have been modified substantially by overharvesting, habitat changes due to dams, and river regulations; all affecting habitat quality, suitability and connectivity.
In the lower Fraser River, British Columbia, movement and abundance are assessed by acoustic tags and mark recapture methods. While the model developed by Robichaud, English and Nelson assumes a closed homogenous population, acoustic tags and mark-recapture data shows that they are sedentary during the winter months and mobile in the spring and fall, with data indicating that they leave the Fraser River and enter the Strait of Georgia during their mobile periods; this conclusion has been validated by microchemical evidence of marine exposure in Fraser River white sturgeon fin rays.
Construction of dams for hydroelectric power production affects seasonal movement of white sturgeon in many river systems, with the Columbia River Basin being a large contributor to shifts in the distribution and movement. The dams present in the basin have largely blocked the upstream movement of sturgeon, due to designs of fish ladders being more specified for salmon and steelhead. While downstream passage of sturgeon through the dams has been reported, the route of passage was never identified. Downstream movement through the dams are only possible through operating turbines, open spill gates and the ice and trash sluiceway.
Diet
Larval white sturgeon in TL experience the highest mortality when they transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding, around 8–14 days post-hatch depending on conditions. Once larvae metamorphose into young of the year (YOY) and juveniles, they actively feed on the substrate, dominantly (Corophium) spp., relying on water currents to carry them downriver to areas of suitable food. The availability of (Corophium) spp. could play a key role in the survival of larval and YOY white sturgeon in the Columbia River and could possibly explain the apparent poor survival of larvae and YOY in some Snake and Columbia River reservoirs that apparently have successful spawning but poor recruitment. Juveniles less than TL are known to feed on tube-dwelling amphipods, mysids, isopods, (Corophium) spp, and other benthic invertebrates, as well as on the eggs and fry of other fish species. Adults greater than consume a variety prey species, adjusting to a piscivorous diet of herring, shad, starry flounder, goby, smelt, anchovy, lamprey, and salmon, as well as benthic items such as invasive overbite clam. With feeding movements influenced due to tidal cycles, studies show more active movement at night, hinting that white sturgeon may be nocturnal foragers.
Studies have shown that dietary lipid requirements on larval white sturgeon effect overall body composition, plasma biochemical parameters and liver fatty acids. With increasing dietary lipid levels, whole body and muscle lipid content increases, as well as increased plasma triglycerides and cholesterol content. This shows that larval sturgeon post-hatch grow faster on high lipid diets, reducing glycogen stores but increasing stores of lipid in the liver. The importance of this can help to understand growth rates in changing environments with varying food sources.
Reproduction
"White sturgeons are iteroparous breeders with a spawning period in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers between mid-February to late May, with peak activity during March and April" - Kohlhorst 1976.
There is much uncertainty around reproduction timing of events in white sturgeon, with many papers reporting differing results dependent on the river system observed. Chapman, Van Enennaam and Doroshov witnessed sexually mature females FL in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River system estimated around 9 years old by using the Von Bertalannfy growth function, while the youngest sexual mature was a male FL estimated to be six years old. However, other reports have sexual maturity for white sturgeon at 12 and 10 years old for females and males. Uncertainty around age estimates from fin ray annulus may account for any disparity.
Spawning periodicity is thought to be 2 to 4 years for females and 1 to 2 years for males. Behavior during spawning is not well known, but it is known that they are communal broadcast spawners, where a female's eggs are fertilized by many males. When ready to spawn, white sturgeon choose a variety of substrates dependent on the river system, spawning on gravel or rocky substrate in moderate to fast currents, with observed depths of , and water velocities at the bottom on a range of 0.6-2.4 m/sec. When eggs are released by the female, they are negatively buoyant, and develop an adhesive coat upon contact with water, which allows them to attach to the substrate near where they were spawned. Hatching time is temperature dependent, and can range from 3–13 days. Optimal temperature is between , with mortality observed below and above .
Importance to humans
White sturgeon are a resource to a variety of different social and economic groups around the world. Aquaculture facilities cultivate white sturgeon in California and juveniles can be sold to aquarists. They were once the main food source for Native Americans in the 1800s, until overfishing by commercial fleets for caviar drove them to near extinction by the early 1900s. Besides their meat, other important economic products associated with caught sturgeon are caviar, isinglass, and oil. While selling a wild white sturgeon and eggs is illegal in California, it is legal to buy legal caviar from California White sturgeon farms. Poaching is an ongoing issue, in which caviar can sell on the black market for 100-150 dollars a pound, while a consumer buying legally made caviar from California sturgeon farms pays anywhere from 40 to 700 dollars for an ounce.
White sturgeon also play a role in sport fishing in the Pacific Northwest, while closed to retention in the Columbia River Basin, catch and release fishing is allowed, with enough popularity for guiding services to offer fishing trips targeted specifically at white sturgeon.
Conservation status
Trends in white sturgeon abundance has been monitored in California for decades, with data showing large variations in recruitment, including 5 or more consecutive years of low or no recruitment, with probable cause being due to low flows during winter and/or spring months. Although some present white sturgeon populations have been reduced over the past 30 years, some population trends in California are promising, resulting in new angling regulations, monitoring, research efforts, fish passage and habitat restoration.
Despite being a relatively robust population that includes tens of thousands of sub-adults and adults, management is complicated due to exposure of pollutants, freshwater and estuary alteration, harvest, and because of its long life span, which can mask detection of reproductive success. NatureServe ranks white sturgeon globally secure, but imperiled in California due to anthropogenic impacts on their habitats. The American Fisheries Society considers them to be Endangered. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of Wild Fauna and Flora has white sturgeon listed as Appendix II, which includes species not necessarily threatened with extinction, but in which trade must be controlled to avoid utilization incompatible with their survival.
References
External links
Fish Info BC
Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission
Upper Columbia White Sturgeon
Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission
Nechako White Sturgeon Recovery Initiative
USFWS White Sturgeon ESA Material
Acipenser
Commercial fish
Fish of North America
ESA endangered species
Fish described in 1836 |
```go
package telemetry
import (
"time"
"github.com/hashicorp/go-metrics"
)
// Common metric key constants
const (
MetricKeyBeginBlocker = "begin_blocker"
MetricKeyEndBlocker = "end_blocker"
MetricKeyPrepareCheckStater = "prepare_check_stater"
MetricKeyPrecommiter = "precommiter"
MetricLabelNameModule = "module"
)
// NewLabel creates a new instance of Label with name and value
func NewLabel(name, value string) metrics.Label {
return metrics.Label{Name: name, Value: value}
}
// ModuleMeasureSince provides a short hand method for emitting a time measure
// metric for a module with a given set of keys. If any global labels are defined,
// they will be added to the module label.
func ModuleMeasureSince(module string, start time.Time, keys ...string) {
if !IsTelemetryEnabled() {
return
}
metrics.MeasureSinceWithLabels(
keys,
start.UTC(),
append([]metrics.Label{NewLabel(MetricLabelNameModule, module)}, globalLabels...),
)
}
// ModuleSetGauge provides a short hand method for emitting a gauge metric for a
// module with a given set of keys. If any global labels are defined, they will
// be added to the module label.
func ModuleSetGauge(module string, val float32, keys ...string) {
if !IsTelemetryEnabled() {
return
}
metrics.SetGaugeWithLabels(
keys,
val,
append([]metrics.Label{NewLabel(MetricLabelNameModule, module)}, globalLabels...),
)
}
// IncrCounter provides a wrapper functionality for emitting a counter metric with
// global labels (if any).
func IncrCounter(val float32, keys ...string) {
if !IsTelemetryEnabled() {
return
}
metrics.IncrCounterWithLabels(keys, val, globalLabels)
}
// IncrCounterWithLabels provides a wrapper functionality for emitting a counter
// metric with global labels (if any) along with the provided labels.
func IncrCounterWithLabels(keys []string, val float32, labels []metrics.Label) {
if !IsTelemetryEnabled() {
return
}
metrics.IncrCounterWithLabels(keys, val, append(labels, globalLabels...))
}
// SetGauge provides a wrapper functionality for emitting a gauge metric with
// global labels (if any).
func SetGauge(val float32, keys ...string) {
if !IsTelemetryEnabled() {
return
}
metrics.SetGaugeWithLabels(keys, val, globalLabels)
}
// SetGaugeWithLabels provides a wrapper functionality for emitting a gauge
// metric with global labels (if any) along with the provided labels.
func SetGaugeWithLabels(keys []string, val float32, labels []metrics.Label) {
if !IsTelemetryEnabled() {
return
}
metrics.SetGaugeWithLabels(keys, val, append(labels, globalLabels...))
}
// MeasureSince provides a wrapper functionality for emitting a time measure
// metric with global labels (if any).
func MeasureSince(start time.Time, keys ...string) {
if !IsTelemetryEnabled() {
return
}
metrics.MeasureSinceWithLabels(keys, start.UTC(), globalLabels)
}
// Now return the current time if telemetry is enabled or a zero time if it's not
func Now() time.Time {
if !IsTelemetryEnabled() {
return time.Time{}
}
return time.Now()
}
``` |
Maciej Ganczar (born January 19, 1976, in Łódź) is a Polish literary scholar specializing in German literature, literary translator, author of publications for foreign language teaching, also in the field of languages for special purposes.
Life
Maciej Ganczar was born on January 19, 1976, in Łódź, Poland, and he spent his childhood and youth in Piotrków Trybunalski, where he attended the Juliusz Słowacki 3rd Secondary School. He followed the course of German studies at the Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, at the Szczecin University and finally at the University of Silesia, where he was awarded a doctoral degree in 2007. In 2020 he completed postgraduate studies in glottodidactics in the Institute of Literary Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences.
Since 2001 he has lectured at many universities, among others at the University of Warsaw, the Medical Academy in Warsaw (now: Medical University of Warsaw) and Università del Salento in Lecce (Italy). He is currently the Head of the Centre for Foreign Languages and the Head of the Premed College at the Medical University of Warsaw, as well as a coursebook expert in the Polish Ministry of Education. In 2023 he became part of the Medical Language Commission in the Council for the Polish Language at the Presidium of the Polish Academy of Sciences.
He is also active as an editor and translator of German literature, above all of theatrical plays. His translations include dramas by Marc Becker, Wilhelm Genazino, Kerstin Specht, Lukas Holliger, Wolfgang Sréter, Andrea M. Schenkel, Ödön von Horváth, Max Frisch, Rolf Hochhuth, Arthur Schnitzler and Hermann Broch.
Maciej Ganczar is also the editor of a scientific series devoted to links between medicine and the humanities ars medica ac humanitas.
Since 2011 he has been a member of the International Hermann Broch’s Society in Washington. In the same year he was appointed Chairman of the Polish Literary Translators' Association and he held the position for two terms, until 2017. Since 2015 he is also a member of the BRISTOL Association of Polish and Foreign Teachers of Polish Culture and Polish as a Foreign Language, as well as of the Polish Association for Theatre Research. In 2019 he joined Open Republic – Association against Antisemitism and Xenophobia.
In 2016 he was awarded the Medal of the Commission of National Education.
Works
Coursebooks (selected)
English-Polish and Polish-English Dictionary of Medical Terms, Warsaw: Medipage 2017.
Historia literatury austriackiej [The History of Austrian Literature], Warsaw: PWN 2016.
Romantische Künstlerfiguren in der Prosa von Peter Härtling, Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang 2015.
Niemiecki w praktyce ratownika medycznego, Warsaw: PZWL 2011.
Hörverstehen. Podręcznik do nauki rozumienia ze słuchu + CD, Warsaw: Poltext 2010.
Deutsch für Krankenpflege und Hebammenkunde + CD, Warsaw: PZWL 2010.
English for Business + CD, Warsaw: Poltext 2009.
Prawo. Język niemiecki. Ćwiczenia i słownictwo specjalistyczne, Warsaw: Hueber Polska 2009.
Jak pisać po niemiecku?, Warsaw: Langenscheidt 2008.
Medycyna. [German-Polish, Polish-German medical pocket dictionary], Warsaw: Hueber Polska 2008.
Medycyna. Język niemiecki. Ćwiczenia i słownictwo specjalistyczne, Warsaw: Hueber Polska 2007.
Fachsprache Wirtschaft, Poznań: LektorKlett 2007.
Editorships (selected)
Fragmenty dyskursu maladycznego, Gdańsk: Fundacja Terytoria Książki 2019 (co-editors: Ireneusz Gielata, Monika Ładoń).
Jeszcze raz o starości z chorobą. On Ageing and Illness, One More Time, Kraków: Homini 2019 (co-editor: Hanna Serkowska).
Medycyna w teatrze [Medicine on Stage], Kraków: Homini 2017 (co-editor: Krzysztof Rutkowski).
Medycyna w filmie [Medicine on Screen], Kraków: Homini 2017 (co-editor: Michał Oleszczyk).
Max Frisch: Dramaty zebrane, Volume I and II, Warsaw: ADiT 2016.
Literatura piękna i medycyna [Belles Lettres and Medicine], Kraków: Homini 2015 (co-editor: Piotr Wilczek).
Arthur Schnitzler: Dramaty wybrane. Volume I and II, Warsaw: ADiT 2014.
Tłumacz i przekład – wyzwania współczesności, Katowice: ŚLĄSK 2013 (co-editor: Piotr Wilczek).
Ödön von Horváth: Dramaty zebrane, Volume I and II, Warsaw: ADiT 2012.
Rola tłumacza i przekładu w epoce wielokulturowości i globalizacji, Katowice: ŚLĄSK 2012 (co-editor: Piotr Wilczek).
Deutsche Grammatik für alle, Warsaw: Poltext 2011.
Współczesne sztuki uznanych autorów niemieckich. Zbliżenia. Antologia, Volume I, Warsaw: ADiT 2010.
Współczesne sztuki młodych autorów niemieckich. Końce świata. Antologia, Volume II, Warsaw: ADiT 2010.
Articles (selected)
Hermanna Brocha analiza faszyzmu. In: "Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica 41", no. 3/2018, p. [7]–26.
W poszukiwaniu tożsamości – o dramatopisarstwie Maxa Frischa. In: M. Frisch, Dramaty zebrane, Volume I, Warsaw: ADiT 2017, p. 5–41.
"Lekarki" Rolfa Hochhutha na tle jego oskarżycielskiej twórczości literackiej. In: Rolf Hochhuth: Lekarki, Warsaw: ADiT 2016, p. 5–10.
Aspekty medyczne i rewolucyjne w dramacie Woyzeck Georga Büchnera. In: Literatura piękna i medycyna, Kraków: Homini 2015, p. 121–140.
Diagnozy wiedeńskiego lekarza albo dramaturgia Arthura Schnitzlera. In: Arthur Schnitzler: Dramaty wybrane, Volume I, Warsaw: ADiT 2014, p. 5–33.
"Przeciw głupocie i kłamstwu", czyli dramaturgia Ödöna von Horvátha. In: Ödön von Horváth: Dramaty zebrane, Volume I, Warsaw: ADiT 2012, p. 5–20.
W kręgu samotności, czyli kilka słów o dramaturgii austriackiej. In: Antologia nowych sztuk austriackich autorów, Warsaw: ADiT 2012, p. 5–16.
O Wolfie Wondratschku i jego Strażaku. In: "RED" 2/12 2010, p. 41–43.
Literatura austriacka w dobie faszyzmu. In: "Philology issue 1, Zeszyty Naukowe" 23/2009, p. 23–35.
O Hermanie Brochu i Mowie pożegnalnej Hitlera. In: "Odra" 5/2008, p. 36–38.
"Ich finde um zu erfinden." Peter Härtling im Gespräch mit Maciej Ganczar. In: "Studia niemcoznawcze", Vol. XXXVII. Warsaw 2008, p. 305–308.
Eine Studie über die Identität des Künstlers Wilhelm Waiblinger im Roman "Waiblingers Augen" von Peter Härtling. In: W dialogu języków i kultur. Warsaw 2007, p. 313–322.
Peter Härtlings Künstlerbiographie "Schumanns Schatten" – das Dokumentarische und das Fiktionale. In: "Studia niemcoznawcze", Vol. XXXII. Warsaw 2006, p. 527–538.
Der Künstler E.T.A. Hoffmann im Roman "Hoffmann oder Die vielfältige Liebe" von Peter Härtling. Vom Verarbeiten des Biographischen im literarischen Werk. In: "Studia niemcoznawcze", Vol. XXXI, Warsaw 2005, p. 529–538.
Literary translations (selected)
Frisch Max, Andora. Sztuka w dwunastu obrazach. In: Max Frisch, Dramaty zebrane. Volume II, Warsaw: ADiT 2017, p. 189–273.
Frisch Max, Rip van Winkle. Słuchowisko. In: Max Frisch, Dramaty zebrane. Volume I, Warsaw: ADiT 2017, p. 377–428.
Frisch Max, Santa Cruz. In: Max Frisch, Dramaty zebrane. Volume I, Warsaw: ADiT 2017, p. 43–108.
Hochhuth Rolf: Lekarki, Warsaw: ADiT 2016.
Schnitzler Arthur: Partnerka. In: Arthur Schnitzler: Dramaty wybrane. Volume I, Warsaw: ADiT 2014, p. 417–434.
Schnitzler Arthur: Literatura. In: Arthur Schnitzler: Dramaty wybrane. Volume I, Warsaw: ADiT 2014, p. 489–517.
Schnitzler Arthur: Lalkarz. In: Arthur Schnitzler: Dramaty wybrane. Volume I, Warsaw: ADiT 2014, p. 601–620.
Schnitzler Arthur: Mężny Kasjan. In: Arthur Schnitzler: Dramaty wybrane. Volume I, Warsaw: ADiT 2014, p. 621–639.
Schnitzler Arthur: Rozmowa młodego krytyka ze starym. In: Arthur Schnitzler: Dramaty wybrane. Volume II, Warsaw: ADiT 2014, p. 7–13.
Schnitzler Arthur: Intermezzo. In: Arthur Schnitzler: Dramaty wybrane. Volume II, Warsaw: ADiT 2014, p. 15–88.
Schnitzler Arthur: Hrabianka Mizzi albo dzień z rodziną. In: Arthur Schnitzler: Dramaty wybrane. Volume II, Warsaw: ADiT 2014, p. 89–122.
Schnitzler Arthur: Godzina prawdy. In: Arthur Schnitzler: Dramaty wybrane. Volume II, Warsaw: ADiT 2014, p. 369–398.
Schnitzler Arthur: Wielka scena. In: Arthur Schnitzler: Dramaty wybrane. Volume II, Warsaw: ADiT 2014, p. 399–440.
Schnitzler Arthur: Święto Bachusa. In: Arthur Schnitzler: Dramaty wybrane. Volume II, Warsaw: ADiT 2014, p. 441–468.
Horváth Ödön von: Pod pięknym widokiem. In: Ödön von Horváth: Dramaty zebrane. Volume I, Warsaw: ADiT 2012, p. 23–90.
Horváth Ödön von: Głową w mur. In: Ödön von Horváth: Dramaty zebrane. Volume I, Warsaw: ADiT 2012, p. 415–486.
Horváth Ödön von: Wieś bez mężczyzn. In: Ödön von Horváth: Dramaty zebrane. Volume II, Warsaw: ADiT 2012, p. 257–330.
Genazino Wilhelm: Dobry Boże, spraw, żebym oślepł. Dramaty, Warsaw: ADiT 2011. [Polish premiere: 03.11.2012, Polish Radio Programme II, directed by Maciej Wojtyszko]
Broch Hermann: Rozgrzeszenie. Z powietrza wzięte. Dramaty, Warsaw: ADiT 2010.
Becker Marc: Końce świata. ADiT, [Polish premiere: 16.03.2012, HOTELOKO Theatre, directed by Karolina Kirsz].
Becker Marc: My w finale. ADiT.
Wondratschek Wolf: Strażak. In: "RED" 2/12 2010, p. 44–49.
Broch Hermann: Ostatni wybuch manii wielkości. Mowa pożegnalna Hitlera. In: "Odra" 5/2008, p. 39–44.
External links
Polish Literary Translators' Association
Polish National Library Catalogue
Internationaler Arbeitskreis Hermann Broch
Polish Ministry of Education
Centre for Foreign Languages at the Medical University of Warsaw
Polish translators
1976 births
Living people
Jan Długosz University alumni |
Marti Kathleen Maraden ( Frederickson; June 22, 1945 – August 31, 2023) was a Canadian actor and director.
Born in El Centro, California, she immigrated to Canada in 1968, and became a leading actor at the Stratford Festival in the 1970s.
Maraden was artistic director of the National Arts Centre English Theatre in Ottawa from 1997 to 2006. While in this position, and arising from her activities in that role, the National Arts Centre co-founded the Magnetic North Theatre Festival.
In 2006 Maraden was appointed to succeed Richard Monette as an artistic director of the Stratford Shakespeare Theatre in Stratford, Ontario. Unlike previous artistic directors at Stratford, Maraden was a member of a three-person artistic team, which included co-directors Des McAnuff and Don Shipley until creative differences forced the three to end their working relationship.
Directed the play Rexy at Neptune Theatre 2015. Maraden died of organ failure following emergency surgery on August 31, 2023, while visiting family in Uppsala, Sweden. She was 78.
References
External links
Maraden's Stratford Festival biography
1945 births
2023 deaths
People from El Centro, California
American emigrants to Canada
Canadian artistic directors
20th-century Canadian actresses
21st-century Canadian actresses
Canadian stage actresses
Canadian theatre directors
Canadian women theatre directors |
Cannabis in Vermont as of May 2004 is legal for medical use, and legal for recreational use as of July 1, 2018.
History
Prohibition (1915)
As part of a larger trend of restricting cannabis in the early 20th century, Vermont banned the drug in 1915.
Medical use (2004)
On May 19, 2004, Vermont legalized medical cannabis when Governor James Douglas announced he would allow Senate Bill 76 to pass without his signature. The law was further expanded in June 2007 when Senate Bill 7 passed without Governor Douglas' signature once again.
Decriminalization (2013)
On June 6, 2013, Governor Peter Shumlin signed HB200 which decriminalized the possession of 1 ounce or less to a civil infraction.
Legalization
Vermont has taken legalization plans into consideration as early as 2014. With no initiative process in Vermont, legalization efforts went through the state legislature and had to either be approved by the governor, or be veto-proof.
2014
In 2014, Governor Shumlin stated his support for a tax-and-regulate system for cannabis. A Rand Corporation study commissioned by the state in May 2014 and released in January 2015 stated that Vermont could gain $20 million and $75 million a year in tax revenue, but noted too that these sums would be vulnerable to either federal interference, or market competition if a neighboring state were also to legalize; in the latter case, Rand stated, "It is not clear that Vermont has any long-run comparative advantage in hosting the industry."
2015
In April 2015, as a form of political theatre, two state representatives facetiously introduced HB502, which would re-illegalize alcohol, giving it penalties equivalent to those for cannabis.
In 2015, Senate Bill 95 and House bill 277 were submitted, proposing a regulated system of legal recreational cannabis sales, however neither bill passed during the 2015 legislative session.
2017–2018
In May 2017, the Vermont House approved a bill to allow personal possession, use, and cultivation of cannabis but not commercial sales by a 74–68 vote, while the Vermont Senate in April approved a broader bill allowing cannabis commercial sale by a 21-9 vote. On May 10, 2017, a joint bill formerly concerning fentanyl was amended to legalize cannabis, and approved by the entire state legislature, for the first time in U.S. history. The bill, titled S.22 "An act relating to increased penalties for possession, sale, and dispensation of fentanyl", was amended to allow possession of an ounce of cannabis under title 18 of the Vermont Statutes Annotated. On May 24, Governor Phil Scott vetoed the bill, and reconsideration was blocked in June by the minority party during a one-day "veto session" of the legislature.
The state house voted on January 4, 2018 to pass H.511, an amended version of the 2017 bill. The bill legalized adult personal possession of one ounce of cannabis and allows individuals to cultivate two plants. The senate passed the bill by voice vote on January 10, 2018, and Governor Phil Scott allowed it to pass on January 22, by neither signing nor vetoing, becoming "An act relating to eliminating penalties for possession of limited amounts of marijuana by adults 21 years of age or older"; its provisions have taken effect as of July 1, 2018.
Regulated sales
The 2018 act has no sales or revenue provisions. Some legislators said they would move towards a future tax-and-regulate plan which is being studied by the governor's Marijuana Advisory Commission with a report due in 2019. The legislature failed to create a tax-and-regulate system in the 2018 session. Regulated sales entered into law in October 2020 when S.54 went into effect. State licensed medical cannabis dispensaries began selling to adults on May 1, 2022, and retailers began selling to adults in October 2022.
References
Further reading
Vermont law |
Armand Mahan (born September 7, 1983) is an Ivorian professional association football player. He is usually positioned as a left back or left winger.
Career
Mahan played during his youth for ASEC Mimosas. He moved to Belgium in 2003, when he signed a contract with SK Beveren who worked together with the Ivorian team via the Frenchman Jean-Marc Guillou. Several other more famous players made this same move, such as Emmanuel Eboué, Arthur Boka, Romaric and Yaya Touré.
In the Jupiler League 2006-07 season, SK Beveren ended 18th and last in the league. As a result, they were relegated to the Belgian Second Division. Mahan, being end of contract at Beveren, was offered a contract by Cercle Brugge about two weeks after the end of the season, a contract which he accepted. This way, despite relegation, Mahan still played at the highest level of Belgian football. However, at the end of the 2007-08 season, he was given a free transfer.
References
Armand Mahan player info at Sportwereld.be
Armand Mahan player info at the official Cercle Brugge site
Notes
Ivorian men's footballers
Ivory Coast men's under-20 international footballers
Ivory Coast men's international footballers
Men's association football fullbacks
Men's association football wingers
K.S.K. Beveren players
Cercle Brugge K.S.V. players
1983 births
Living people
Ivorian expatriates in Belgium
Footballers from Abidjan
Belgian Pro League players
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium |
One Word from You () is a Spanish 2008 film directed by Ángeles González Sinde based on the novel of the same name by Elvira Lindo. It stars Malena Alterio, Esperanza Pedreño and Antonio de la Torre, alongside María Alfonsa Rosso, Luis Bermejo and Chiqui Fernández.
Plot
After many years without seeing each other, two Rosario meets Milagros, her friend from childhood who works as a taxi driver using a car from her uncle's taxi company. Milagros starts driving her to the bank each morning where she works as a cleaner. Together, they spend lots of time going to restaurants and pubs, but Rosario gets worried about missing so much work and one day she is fired. Milagros admits later that she never had a driving licence, which, combined with her excessive kindness to Rosario, leads her to also be fired. After that, the two women find jobs as street cleaners. In that job, Rosario meets Morsa, with whom she starts a carnal relationship.
Rosario lives with her mother, being witness to several instances of strange behaviour from her mother compatible with a condition of Alzheimer. Rosario feels very worried and alone. On the first day that Rosario brings Morsa home from work to have sex, she watches her mother walk out of her closet, horrified. As her mother's condition worsens, Rosario calls both her sister and Milagros over to the house.
After a travel to a small village in order to bury Milagros's cat, Morsa, Rosario and Milagros return to Madrid to keep working. Rosario's mother is dying and her sister comes from Barcelona to stay some days with her. Rosario's sister never took any responsibility for their mother, which is motive for tension between the sisters. Rosario reproaches her sister for always being distant towards her and her mother, while her sister gets angry with Rosario for letting Milagros stay at her home. Both women remember their childhood together, talking about the funny moments and the painful ones. Soon after, their mother stops breathing.
After her mother's death, Rosario sees the image of her mother everywhere, to a point that it scares her and doesn't let her sleep. She visits the priest of the church where her mother used to go. There, she tells him her problem and he concludes that perhaps she sees the image of her mother everywhere because she didn't want her daughter to be alone.
One night whilst sweeping and washing a plaza, Milagros and Rosario are bickering over whether or not Milagros should keep some of the trash she finds when Milagros hears a baby's cry inside of a dumpster. She reaches in and discovers a baby inside a box. Rosario insists on taking the baby to a hospital emergency room, but Milagros wants to keep him at her home. They have a heated discussion where Rosario says Milagros would not be a good mother and Milagros confesses that she is sterile. Milagros says that she loved Rosario to a point that she felt jealous because she had her own life with Morsa, and that Rosario was cold and lonely and bitter, destined to be alone. Rosario finally realizes her terrible problem of loneliness and lack of confidence with other people, though she could not admit it. Days after this incident, Rosario's boss realises that Milagros had been out for a lot of time. Rosario decides to visit her, taking some flowers and chocolates. In Milagros' home, Rosario is horrified to discover that the baby Milagros took in is already dead, in an advanced state of decomposition.
Completely devastated and depressed, both women and Morsa return to the village to bury the baby in the cemetery, and Rosario recites the 51st Psalm. Rosario and Morsa returned to Madrid, but Milagros wants to stay, something her two friends cannot understand. Worried, Rosario says that she would be all alone with nobody beside her, but Milagros insists and decides to stay in that village for good. Some days later, Milagros is telephoned by her uncle Cosmé. He informs her that his niece has been found dead in the house of the village. This fact further devastates Rosario, who goes with Milagros's uncle to assist in the burial. During the trip to the village, Cosmé tells Rosario that his niece's mother died because of overdose when she was a little child. There, Rosario sees how her friend is buried in the cemetery, in a funeral where all the village people attended.
After the hard journey to the village, Rosario admits that she must not be alone anymore, so she decided to go to Fuenlabrada, where her friend Morsa, lives. Rosario makes her way to the playground, and sees all the mothers with their children. Morsa's van stops nearby, and after a short chat, the film ends with a kiss between Morsa and Rosario.
Cast
Production
The film was produced by Tesela and Filmanova Invest, with the participation of TVE and Canal+. Shooting locations included Huertapelayo (Province of Guadalajara) and La Guardia (province of Toledo).
Release
The film was theatrically released on 22 August 2008.
Accolades
|-
| rowspan = "9" align = "center" | 2009 || rowspan = "4" | CEC Medals || colspan = "2" | Best Film || || rowspan = "4" |
|-
| Best Adapted Screenplay || Ángeles González Sinde ||
|-
| Best Supporting Actor || Antonio de la Torre ||
|-
| Best Supporting Actress || Esperanza Pedreño ||
|-
| rowspan = "4" | 23rd Goya Awards || Best New Actor || Luis Bermejo || || rowspan = "4" |
|-
| Best New Actress || Esperanza Pedreño ||
|-
| Best Original Song || "Entre tu balcón y mi ventana" by Toni Zenet, Javier Laguna, José Taboada ||
|-
| Best Adapted Screenplay || Ángeles González Sinde ||
|-
| 18th Actors and Actresses Union Awards || Best New Actress || Esperanza Pedreño || || align = "center" |
|}
See also
List of Spanish films of 2008
References
External links
La butaca (Information)
MySpace
2008 films
2008 drama films
2000s Spanish-language films
Madrid in fiction
Films based on Spanish novels
Spanish drama films
Films shot in the province of Toledo
Films shot in the province of Guadalajara
2000s Spanish films |
ATCC may refer to:
American Type Culture Collection
Asociación de Trabajadores Campesinos del Carare (Association of Peasant Workers of the Carare)
Asian Touring Car Championship
Air traffic control center
Australian Touring Car Championship, the predecessor to the V8 Supercar Championship Series
Ayutthaya Women's Volleyball Club A.T.C.C., Thailand |
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