text stringlengths 1 22.8M |
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Mpofu is a town in Chris Hani District Municipality in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.
As of 1996, it was the seat of a magisterial district.
References
Populated places in the Enoch Mgijima Local Municipality |
The following highways are numbered 34B:
United States
Nebraska Spur 34B
New York State Route 34B
Oklahoma State Highway 34B
See also
List of highways numbered 34 |
Russell Conwell "Jing" Johnson (October 9, 1894 – December 6, 1950) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Philadelphia Athletics. He played in five seasons for the Athletics in three separate stints, –, and –. The first gap was due to Johnson's service in World War I, while the second, seven-year gap was precipitated by a salary dispute with Athletics owner Connie Mack, during which Johnson worked as a research chemist.
Jing was an alumnus of Ursinus College in Pennsylvania, where he later served as athletic director. He died in an automobile accident in Pottstown, Pennsylvania.
References
External links
1894 births
1950 deaths
Major League Baseball pitchers
Philadelphia Athletics players
Lehigh Mountain Hawks baseball coaches
Ursinus Bears athletic directors
Ursinus Bears baseball players
American military personnel of World War I
Sportspeople from Chester County, Pennsylvania
Baseball players from Pennsylvania
Ursinus College alumni
Military personnel from Pennsylvania
Road incident deaths in Pennsylvania
Baltimore Orioles (International League) players
Allentown Dukes players |
```smalltalk
using System.Text;
using System.Xml.Linq;
namespace Xamarin.Android.Tools.ManifestAttributeCodeGenerator;
class MetadataSource
{
public Dictionary<string, MetadataType> Types { get; } = [];
public Dictionary<string, MetadataAttribute> Elements { get; } = [];
public MetadataSource (string filename)
{
var xml = XElement.Load (filename);
foreach (var element in xml.Elements ("element")) {
var me = new MetadataAttribute (element);
Elements.Add (me.Path, me);
}
foreach (var element in xml.Elements ("type")) {
var el = new MetadataType (element);
Types.Add (el.Name, el);
}
}
public MetadataAttribute GetMetadata (string path)
{
if (Elements.TryGetValue (path, out var element))
return element;
throw new InvalidOperationException ($"No MetadataElement found for path '{path}'.");
}
public void EnsureAllElementsAccountedFor (List<ElementDefinition> elements)
{
var missing = new List<string> ();
foreach (var e in elements) {
if (!Types.TryGetValue (e.ActualElementName, out var t)) {
missing.Add ($"- Type: <{e.ActualElementName}>");
continue;
}
if (t.Ignore)
continue;
foreach (var a in e.Attributes) {
var name = $"{e.ActualElementName}.{a.Name}";
if (!Elements.TryGetValue (name, out _))
missing.Add ($"- Element: {name}");
}
}
if (missing.Count == 0)
return;
var sb = new StringBuilder ();
sb.AppendLine ("The following manifest elements are not specified in the metadata:");
foreach (var m in missing)
sb.AppendLine (m);
throw new InvalidOperationException (sb.ToString ());
}
public void EnsureAllMetadataElementsExistInManifest (List<ElementDefinition> elements)
{
var missing = new List<string> ();
foreach (var type in Types) {
var type_def = elements.FirstOrDefault (e => e.ActualElementName == type.Key);
if (type_def is null) {
missing.Add ($"- Type: {type.Key}");
continue;
}
}
foreach (var type in Elements) {
var type_name = type.Key.FirstSubset ('.');
var elem_name = type.Key.LastSubset ('.');
var type_def = elements.FirstOrDefault (e => e.ActualElementName == type_name);
if (type_def is null) {
missing.Add ($"- Element: {type.Key}");
continue;
}
var elem_def = type_def.Attributes.FirstOrDefault (e => e.Name == elem_name);
if (elem_def is null) {
missing.Add ($"- Element: {type.Key}");
continue;
}
}
if (missing.Count == 0)
return;
var sb = new StringBuilder ();
sb.AppendLine ("The following elements specified in the metadata were not found in the manifest:");
foreach (var e in missing)
sb.AppendLine (e);
throw new InvalidOperationException (sb.ToString ());
}
}
class MetadataAttribute
{
public string Path { get; set; }
public bool Visible { get; set; } = true;
public string? Type { get; set; }
public string? Name { get; set; }
public string? Obsolete { get; set; }
public bool ReadOnly { get; set; }
public bool ManualMap { get; set; }
public MetadataAttribute (XElement element)
{
Path = element.Attribute ("path")?.Value ?? throw new InvalidDataException ("Missing 'path' attribute.");
if (!Path.Contains ('.'))
throw new InvalidDataException ($"Invalid 'path' attribute value: {Path}");
Visible = element.GetAttributeBoolOrDefault ("visible", true);
Type = element.Attribute ("type")?.Value;
Name = element.Attribute ("name")?.Value;
Obsolete = element.Attribute ("obsolete")?.Value;
ReadOnly = element.GetAttributeBoolOrDefault ("readonly", false);
ManualMap = element.GetAttributeBoolOrDefault ("manualMap", false);
}
}
public class MetadataType
{
public string Name { get; set; }
public string ManagedName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
public string Namespace { get; set; } = string.Empty;
public bool Ignore { get; set; }
public string OutputFile { get; set; } = string.Empty;
public string Usage { get; set; } = string.Empty;
public bool AllowMultiple { get; set; }
public bool IsJniNameProvider { get; set; }
public bool HasDefaultConstructor { get; set; }
public bool IsSealed { get; set; }
public bool GenerateMapping { get; set; }
public MetadataType (XElement element)
{
Name = element.GetRequiredAttributeString ("name");
Ignore = element.GetAttributeBoolOrDefault ("ignore", false);
if (Ignore)
return;
Namespace = element.GetRequiredAttributeString ("namespace");
OutputFile = element.GetRequiredAttributeString ("outputFile");
Usage = element.GetRequiredAttributeString ("usage");
AllowMultiple = element.GetAttributeBoolOrDefault ("allowMultiple", false);
IsJniNameProvider = element.GetAttributeBoolOrDefault ("jniNameProvider", false);
HasDefaultConstructor = element.GetAttributeBoolOrDefault ("defaultConstructor", true);
IsSealed = element.GetAttributeBoolOrDefault ("sealed", true);
ManagedName = element.Attribute ("managedName")?.Value ?? Name.Unhyphenate ().Capitalize () + "Attribute";
GenerateMapping = element.GetAttributeBoolOrDefault ("generateMapping", true);
}
}
``` |
Poppyhead is a form of carving of the top of the end of a bench or a choir stall. Its name is unrelated to the poppy flower. It is derived, by way of Old French, from the Latin word puppis, which means the poop or the figurehead of a ship. In its simplest, and its most usual form, it has the appearance of a stylised fleur-de-lys. In some cases, it consists of a much more intricate carving; for example in Holy Trinity Church, Blythburgh, some of the poppyheads represent the seven deadly sins.
References
External links
Architectural elements
Carving |
At the Battle of Brandywine on September 11, 1777 a colonial American army led by General George Washington fought a British-Hessian army commanded by General William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe. Washington drew up his troops in a defensive position behind Brandywine Creek. Howe sent Lieutenant General Wilhelm von Knyphausen's 5,000 troops to demonstrate against the American front at Chadd's Ford. Meanwhile, Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis took 10,000 troops on a wide flank march that crossed the creek and got in the rear of the American right wing under Major General John Sullivan. The Americans changed front but Howe's attack broke through.
As Howe's wing made progress, Knyphausen converted his feint into a frontal attack on the American center. Washington's army was driven to the rear in disarray, but was saved from rout by Major General Nathanael Greene's rear guard action. Washington's army retreated to Chester, Pennsylvania while Howe occupied Wilmington, Delaware. The engagement took place in Chadds Ford Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania.
British Army order of battle
General Sir William Howe (18,000)
Quartermaster General: Brigadier General Sir William Erskine, 1st Baronet
Note: Each brigade had two or four 3-pound or 4-pound cannons attached.
Left Wing
Lieutenant General Lord Cornwallis
Unbrigaded:
16th Light Dragoons (200)
Hessian and Anspach Jägers: Lieutenant Colonel Ludwig von Wurmb (500)
Mounted Jäger company, Captain Richard Lorey (100)
Artillery: 3rd Brigade
Four 12-pound cannons & six 6-pound cannons
Guards Brigade: Brigadier General Edward Mathew (939)
Elements of 1st Foot Guard, 2nd Foot Guard, and 3rd Foot Guard Regiments
1st Battalion (488)
Grenadier company, Lieutenant Colonel Sir George Osborn, 4th Baronet (124)
Hyde's company (93)
Wrottesley's company (91)
Cox's company (90)
Garth's company (90)
2nd Battalion (451)
Stephen's company (88)
Murray's company (89)
O'Hara's company (87)
Martin's company (91)
Light company, Lieutenant Colonel Osborn (96)
Light Infantry: (1,300)
1st Light Infantry Battalion, Lieutenant Colonel Robert Abercromby of Airthrey
Light companies of (from left to right in formation) 5th, 15th, 22nd, 27th, 33rd, 38th, 42nd, 35th, 28th, 23rd, 17th, 10th, and 4th Regiments.
2nd Light Infantry Battalion, Major John Maitland
Light companies of (from left to right in formation) 37th, 43rd, 45th, 49th, 55th, 63rd, 71st, 64th, 57th, 52nd, 46th, 44th, and 40th Regiments.
Grenadiers: (1,400)
1st Grenadier Battalion, Lieutenant Colonel William Medows
Grenadier companies of (from left to right in formation) 5th, 15th, 22nd, 27th, 33rd, 37th, 40th, 38th, 35th, 28th, 23rd, 17th, 10th, and 4th Regiments
2nd Grenadier Battalion, Lieutenant Colonel Henry Monckton
Grenadier companies of (from left to right in formation) 43rd, 49th, 52nd, 57th, 64th, 71st, 63rd, 55th, Marines, 46th, 44th, and 42nd Regiments
3rd Brigade: Major General Charles Grey, 1st Earl Grey (3,000 in 3rd and 4th Brigades)
15th Foot
17th Foot
42nd Foot
44th Foot
4th Brigade: Brigadier General James Agnew
33rd Foot
38th Foot
46th Foot
64th Foot
Hessian Brigade: Colonel Carl von Donop (1,300)
Linsing Grenadier Battalion
Minningerode Grenadier Battalion
Lengerke Grenadier Battalion
Right Wing
Lieutenant General Wilhelm von Knyphausen
Unbrigaded:
Queen's Rangers, Captain James Weymss (300)
Rifle Corps, Captain Patrick Ferguson (90)
16th Light Dragoons (200)
71st Foot (1,200)
1st and 3rd battalions guarding the baggage train.
2nd battalion (350)
Artillery: 1st and 2nd Brigades
Six 12-pound cannons & four howitzers
Hessian Brigade: Major General Johann Daniel Stirn (2,000)
Erbprinz Infantry Regiment
Donop Infantry Regiment
Mirbach Infantry Regiment
1st Brigade: Major General James Grant (1,400)
4th Foot
23rd Foot
28th Foot
49th Foot
2nd Brigade: Major General Grant (1,300)
5th Foot
10th Foot
27th Foot
40th Foot, Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Musgrave, John Graves Simcoe
55th Foot
American Army order of battle
General and Commander in Chief George Washington (12,000 regulars, 3,000 militia)
Main Body
Unattached:
Chadds Ford redoubt: Colonel Thomas Proctor
4th Continental Artillery Regiment: One 6-pound gun, two 4-pound guns, one 8-inch howitzer
Light Infantry Corps: Brigadier General William Maxwell (1,000)
About 100 soldiers were detached from each regular brigade to form this corps
North Carolina Brigade: Brigadier General Francis Nash (1,094)
1st North Carolina Regiment, Colonel Thomas Clark
2nd North Carolina Regiment, Colonel Alexander Martin
3rd North Carolina Regiment, Colonel Jethro Sumner
4th North Carolina Regiment, Colonel Thomas Polk
5th North Carolina Regiment Colonel Edward Buncombe
6th North Carolina Regiment, Colonel Gideon Lamb
7th North Carolina Regiment, Colonel James Hogun
8th North Carolina Regiment
9th North Carolina Regiment
Division: Major General John Armstrong Sr. (2,000)
1st Pennsylvania Militia Brigade: Brigadier General James Potter
Philadelphia County Regiment, Moor
Philadelphia County Regiment, McVaugh
Bucks County Regiment, Maj. John Folwell
Lancaster County Regiment, Col. James Watson
Berks County Regiment, Col. Daniel Hunter
York County Regiment, Col. James Thompson
Cumberland County Regiment, Col. James Dunlap
Pennsylvania Militia Brigade: Brigadier General James Irvine
Philadelphia County Regiment, Lt. Col. Jonathan Smith
Chester County Regiment, Col. William Evans
Lancaster County Regiment, Col. Philip Greenwalt
Lancaster County Regiment, Col. Alexander Lowry
Northampton County Regiment, Col. David Udree
Division: Major General Nathanael Greene (2,500)
1st Virginia Brigade: Brigadier General Peter Muhlenberg
1st Virginia Regiment
5th Virginia Regiment
9th Virginia Regiment, Colonel George Mathews
13th Virginia Regiment
German Battalion
2nd Virginia Brigade: Brigadier General George Weedon
2nd Virginia Regiment
6th Virginia Regiment
10th Virginia Regiment
14th Virginia Regiment
Pennsylvania State Regiment, Colonel Walter Stewart
Division: Brigadier General Anthony Wayne (2,000)
1st Pennsylvania Brigade: Colonel Thomas Hartley
1st Pennsylvania Regiment, Colonel James Chambers
2nd Pennsylvania Regiment, Major William Williams
7th Pennsylvania Regiment
10th Pennsylvania Regiment, Lieutenant Colonel Adam Hubley
Hartley's Additional Continental Regiment, Lieutenant Colonel Morgan Connor
2nd Pennsylvania Brigade: Colonel Richard Humpton
4th Pennsylvania Regiment
5th Pennsylvania Regiment, Colonel Francis Johnston
8th Pennsylvania Regiment
11th Pennsylvania Regiment, Colonel Richard Humpton
Sullivan's Wing
Division: Major General John Sullivan (1,100 less 1st Delaware & 2nd Canadian)
1st Maryland Brigade: Unknown commander (William Smallwood's brigade)
1st Maryland Regiment
3rd Maryland Regiment
7th Maryland Regiment
1st Delaware Regiment, Colonel David Hall (250)
2nd Maryland Brigade: Brigadier General Chevalier Philippe Hubert Preudhomme de Borre
2nd Maryland Regiment
4th Maryland Regiment, Colonel Josias Carvil Hall
6th Maryland Regiment
2nd Canadian Regiment, Colonel Moses Hazen (400)
Division: Major General Adam Stephen (1,500)
3rd Virginia Brigade: Brigadier General William Woodford
3rd Virginia Regiment
7th Virginia Regiment
11th Virginia Regiment
15th Virginia Regiment
4th Virginia Brigade: Brigadier General Charles Scott
4th Virginia Regiment
8th Virginia Regiment
12th Virginia Regiment
Grayson's Additional Continental Regiment
Patton's Additional Continental Regiment
Division: Major General William Alexander, Lord Stirling (1,500)
New Jersey Brigade: Brigadier General William Maxwell
1st New Jersey Regiment, Colonel Matthias Ogden
2nd New Jersey Regiment
3rd New Jersey Regiment, Colonel Elias Dayton
4th New Jersey Regiment
3rd Pennsylvania Brigade: Brigadier General Thomas Conway
3rd Pennsylvania Regiment
6th Pennsylvania Regiment
9th Pennsylvania Regiment
12th Pennsylvania Regiment
Spencer's Additional Continental Regiment
Notes
Footnotes
Citations
References
External links
ushistory.org Regiments at Valley Forge
American Revolutionary War orders of battle |
Rosina Lippi-Green (née Rosina Lippi; born January 14, 1956) is an American writer. She writes under the names Rosina Lippi-Green (linguistics), Rosina Lippi (literary and contemporary fiction), and Sara Donati (historical fiction).
Biography
Lippi-Green was born Rosina Lippi on January 14, 1956, in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Her father was an Italian emigrant, and she has ancestry of different European countries.
At seventeen she went to Austria on an American Field Service scholarship. Upon graduating from high school, she went to teacher's college in Vorarlberg, Austria. She attended the University of Illinois at Chicago. She earned a PhD in linguistics from Princeton University in 1987, with a dissertation entitled, "Variation leading to change in rural Alemannic: the dialect of Grossdorf in Vorarlberg, Austria", and taught linguistics for twelve years, notably at the University of Michigan. Her best known linguistic work is English with an Accent (Lippi-Green 1997, 2011), which is now in its second edition.
In her spare time, she is a fiber artist whose work has been published in Quilting Arts magazine. An interview with Linda Richards for January Magazine was published in March 2000. In 2013 she took an interest in polymer clay arts and began making jewelry.
Bibliography
Rosina Lippi-Green
Her linguistics works include:
English with an Accent: Language, Ideology, and Discrimination in the United States (1997, 2011)
Language, Ideology, and Language Change in Early Modern German (1994)
Recent Developments in Germanic Linguistics (1992)
Rosina Lippi
In 1998, she published Homestead a novel set in an isolated Austrian village, for which she won the 1999 Hemingway Foundation/PEN Award and was shortlisted for the Orange Prize.
The Orange Prize (Britain)
2001 shortlist: Homestead by Rosina Lippi reviewed by Dylan Evans.
Several reviews for Homestead by Rosina Lippi can also be found in The New York Times Book Review, The Hemingway Review and the Washington Post.
Homestead (review) by Brigitte Frase The New York Times Book Review May 9, 1999
"PEN/Hemingway Award 1999" The Hemingway Review, Vol. 19, 1999: 155
"Shaped by Time, Place and Family: Fictions About Farthest Austria"
Review of Homestead by Carolyn See. The Washington Post May 29, 1998
Homestead and
She has also written a contemporary novel entitled Tied to the Tracks, a romantic comedy set in a southern college. In Australia, this novel is published under the name Sara Donati which is more well known in that country.
Tied to the Tracks (2006) ISBN (Aust)- 978 1 86325 486 1 (Paperback) and ISBN (Aust)- 1 86325 486 2 (Paperback)
The Pajama Girls of Lambert Square (2008) and
Sara Donati
Her historical fiction, published under the name Sara Donati, begins with Hawkeye from The Last of the Mohicans and investigates the life of his immediate family and descendants in the Endless Forests of New York State from 1792.
These books include:
Into the Wilderness (1998) ISBN (Aust)- 1 86325 179 0 (Paperback)
Into the Wilderness commences in the fictional town of Paradise on the west branch of the Sacandanga River, New York State 1792. Nathaniel Bonner, son of Hawkeye meets spinster Elizabeth Middleton, an Englishwoman determined to start a school. The townsfolk consist of free African-Americans, slaves and Kahnyenkehaka (Mowhawk) as well as white Americans. It's an adventure and a love story with many twists and turns and a surprising visit from characters from Diana Gabaldon's Outlander (or Cross Stitch in Australia) series. Review can be found in the July 19, 1998, issue of Booklist.
Dawn on a Distant Shore (2000) ISBN (Aust) - 1 86325 269 X (Paperback)
The story of the Bonners continue, this time with the family being taken by force to Scotland due to long lost family connections to the Earl of Carryck and his need for an heir to his Earldom.
Lake in the Clouds (2002) ISBN (Aust) - 1 86325 278 9 (Paperback)
The story of the Bonners continue many years later in 1802, this time surrounding Nathaniel's daughter Hannah who is also half Kahnyenkehaka (Mohawk), who has been studying medicine with the local doctor Richard Todd. Dr Todd has arranged for her to study at the Kine-Pox Institute in New-York City headed by Dr Valentine Simon. Meanwhile, there is an escaped slave with connections to a Paradise family that needs help and the vindictive Jemima Southern sets out to destroy Hannah Bonner.
Fire Along the Sky (2004) ISBN (Aust) - 1 86325 279 7 (Paperback)
Once again the story continues after several years, commencing in 1812 at the outbreak of the War of 1812. The Bonner family is separated on either side of the American/Canadian border – both the white family and the Kahnyenkehaka (Mohawk) families. Nathaniel and Elizabeth's eldest son leaves to fight with his cousin Blue-Jay only to be injured and captured and taken to Nut Island in Canada, a fort held by the invading British. Hannah and her cousin Jennet from Scotland head to Nut Island to help their male family members, resulting in dire consequences.
Queen of Swords (2006) ISBN (Aust) - 978 1 86325 281 1 (Paperback) and ISBN (Aust) - 1 86325 281 9 (Paperback)
An immediate continuation of the story has Hannah Bonner and her half brother Luke Bonner searching for Jennet who has been abducted from Nut Island. Their search is successful, but then discover that her child (and Luke's) has been taken by a ruthless man (Honore Poiterin) to New Orleans, which is soon under attack by British Forces. The family has many obstactles to overcome and then have to live through the Battle of New Orleans led by Andrew Jackson to save the city from the British. An insightful look at the battle from civilian's point of view, white, black, red and Creole.
The Endless Forest (2010)
Book Six concludes the story of the Bonner family. It is set in the town of Paradise in 1824, where the reappearance of Jemima Southern is perceived as a threat to her daughter Martha Kirby and stepdaughter Callie Wilde.
The Gilded Hour (2015)
Descendants of the Bonners in New York City in the 1880s, including doctors Anna and Sophie Savard who are distant cousins. Issues that were prominent in this time such as the influx of orphans into the City and the effect of the Comstock Act on women's health feature prominently.
The Gilded Hour (review) by Melinda Bargreen
Special to The Seattle Times August 28, 2015
References
External links
Rosina Lippi's Home Page
Rosina Lippi's Weblog
Into the Wilderness wiki
Sara Laughs
Interview with Rosina Lippi at Writer Unboxed
1956 births
Living people
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American expatriates in Austria
Linguists from the United States
Women linguists
American historical novelists
American romantic fiction writers
American women novelists
Princeton University alumni
Writers from Chicago
Women romantic fiction writers
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women writers
Hemingway Foundation/PEN Award winners
Women historical novelists
Novelists from Illinois
Pseudonymous women writers
20th-century pseudonymous writers
21st-century pseudonymous writers
University of Michigan faculty
Sociolinguists
American people of Italian descent |
Andrew Hargreaves may refer to:
Andrew Hargreaves (politician) (born 1955), British Conservative Party
Andy Hargreaves (academic) (born 1951), Boston College |
The Fight to Save Juárez: Life in the Heart of Mexico's Drug War is a 2013 book by Ricardo C. Ainslie, a professor at the University of Texas at Austin. It is published by the University of Texas Press and documents the Mexican Drug War in Ciudad Juárez in the years 2008-2010.
Synopsis
Mayor of Juárez Jose Reyes Ferriz is a central figure in the book. He, along with newspaper reporter Raymundo Ruiz, human rights ombudsman Gustavo de la Rosa, and a mistress named "Elena" are four major sources. Interviews from these sources and others were used in the book. The Villas de Salvárcar massacre is described in this book.
Author's background
The author has dual U.S.-Mexican citizenship and is a filmmaker. He also works at the University of Texas at Austin as a professor of educational psychology. Ainslie was able to connect with not only regular people but also politicians and activists as part of his research.
Reception
Candace E. Griffith of West Virginia University wrote that the book can cater to a wide audience, from politicians to ordinary people.
Kirkus Reviews concluded that the book is "A hard-nosed, cleareyed analysis of a legacy of institutionalized corruption and its dire consequences for human lives."
Publishers Weekly stated "Although not easy to read, this is an important work for any reader concerned about Mexico."
References
Notes
External links
The Fight to Save Juárez - University of Texas Press
Interview of Ricardo C. Ainslie at Kirkus Reviews
2013 non-fiction books
Works about Mexican drug cartels
University of Texas Press books
Books about Mexico |
The World Ecological Parties (WEP) is an international association of mainly ecological parties. The WEP was founded in November 2003 in Mainz, Germany and elected its first board in April 2004 in Strasbourg, France. The WEP is independent from the Global Greens, a competing political international that also organizes green parties.
The WEP holds General Assembly meetings annually in April or May; the inaugural meeting occurred from 1–3 April 2005 in Lisbon, Portugal, the 2006 meeting was held in Vršac, Serbia on 6 and 7 May, the 2007 meeting was held from 25 to 27 May in Hungary.
Members
Current
Former
Other affiliated organisations
Reference:
Leadership
External links
World Ecological Parties Home Page
References
Political internationals
Green political parties
Organizations established in 2003
2003 establishments in Germany
Organisations based in Mainz |
Axmarby () is a smaller locality in Gävle Municipality, Sweden. It has an athletics club called Axmarby IF.
References
Populated places in Gävle Municipality
Gästrikland |
The term Serbian Orthodox Church may refer to:
Serbian Orthodox Church, Serbian branch of the Eastern Orthodox Church
Serbian True Orthodox Church, non-canonical eastern-orthodox church in Serbia
Free Serbian Orthodox Church, former non-canonical branch (1963-1991) of the Serbian Orthodox Church
See also
Serbian Church (disambiguation)
Serbian Catholic Church |
The Stari Vlah-Raška Mountain Range (Старовлашко-Рашке планине, Старовлашко-Рашка висија) is a highland in southwest Serbia, in the regions of Stari Vlah and Raška, which part of the Dinaric Alps. These highlands stretch from Užice, Arilje and Ivanjica to the border with Montenegro.
Its major mountains include.
Mokra Gora (Raška)
Golija (Raška)
Hum (Raška)
Jadovnik (Stari Vlah)
Ozren (Stari Vlah)
Zvijezda (Stari Vlah)
Radočelo (Raška)
Zlatar (Stari Vlah)
Giljeva (Stari Vlah)
Žilindar (Raška)
Čemerno (Raška)
Tara (Stari Vlah)
Mučanj (Stari Vlah)
Javor (Stari Vlah)
Kamena Gora (Stari Vlah)
Zlatibor (Stari Vlah)
Čemernica (Stari Vlah)
Pešter (Raška)
Javorje (Stari Vlah)
Murtenica (Stari Vlah)
Rogozna (Raška)
Ninaja (Raška)
Gradina (Stari Vlah)
Jarut (Raška)
Pobijenik (Stari Vlah)
Jabuka (Stari Vlah)
Bić (Stari Vlah)
Kukutnica (Stari Vlah)
Bitovik (Stari Vlah)
Oštrik (Stari Vlah)
Banjsko brdo (Stari Vlah)
Gajeva planina (Stari Vlah)
Projić (Stari Vlah)
Crni Vrh (Stari Vlah)
See also
Mountains of Serbia
References
Mountain ranges of Serbia
Dinaric Alps
Mountain ranges of Europe |
The men's C-2 1000 metres competition at the 2023 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Duisburg took place in Sportpark Duisburg.
Schedule
The schedule is as follows:
Results
Heats
The fastest boat in each heat advanced directly to the final.
The next six fastest boats in each heat advanced to the semifinal.
Heat 1
Heat 2
Heat 3
Semifinals
The fastest three boats advanced to the A final.The next four fastest boats in each semi advanced to the final B.
Semifinal 1
Semifinal 2
Finals
Final B
Competitors in this final raced for positions 10 to 16.
Final A
Competitors raced for positions 1 to 9, with medals going to the top three.
References
ICF |
Yang Tinghe (; 15 October 1459 – 25 July 1529), style name Jiefu, was a Grand Secretary in the Ming dynasty under the Zhengde (Wuzong) and Jiajing (Shizong) emperors. Yang was born and died in Xindu, Sichuan province, China.
Biography
Yang Tinghe earned the Jinshi degree in the imperial examination in 1478 at the age of 19.
After the death of the Zhengde Emperor in 1521, Yang became the de facto policymaker of the imperial government for 37 days. He conducted a series of reforms in these 37 days, abolished many unpopular legacies of Wuzong, including the arrest of his favorite, general Jiang Bin. Yang played an important role in choosing the young Zhu Houcong (then Prince Xing and a cousin of the late Zhengde) as the next emperor.
After Zhu Houcong was brought to Beijing from his parents' estate in the Hubei countryside and enthroned as the Jiajing Emperor, Yang Tinghe tried to continue his influence in the court, given the young age of the new emperor. However, the Grand Secretary disagreed with the emperor as to whom the latter should venerate as his dead father. Yang Tinghe was forced to retire after his political failure during this so-called Great rites controversy in 1524.
Family
The poets Yang Shen and Huang E were Yang Tinghe's son and daughter-in-law.
See also
List of premiers of China
Grand Secretary
References
Politicians from Chengdu
1459 births
1529 deaths
Writers from Chengdu
Senior Grand Secretaries of the Ming dynasty
Ming dynasty historians
Historians from Sichuan
15th-century Chinese historians
16th-century Chinese historians |
Borj Masouda (arabic : برج مسعودة) or Borj Lella Masouda Essamra (برج للا مسعودة السمراء) is one of the main four fortifications of the medina of Sfax.
Location and etymology
The fort is located at the northeast corner of the medina, near Bab Charki. It owes its name to Masouda Essamra, a black woman who sheltered the fort and who dedicated her life to the service of the black community of Sfax.
History
According to Mahmoud Megdiche, the fort takes its name from a black woman who lived in Sfax and who dedicated her life to helping the inhabitants of the city and the protection of the fort. It is very difficult to specify the date of its construction, but it appears in the Louis Salvador illustrations of Habsburg-Lorraine in 1789. In addition, the nature of its columns suggests that it was built before the Hafsid dynasty succeeded to the power. Its main role was the surveillance of the north and east facades of the medina.
In 1857, and following the orders of the Bey, a brotherhood was created within it with Sheikh El Sellami at its leader.
Architecture
Borj Masouda is an octagonal tower larger than the rest of the towers of the walls. Its height exceeds four meters and each side measures 5.4 meters. It consists of two levels, the lower of which is larger. The second floor has a prayer room divided into two galleries by two columns in the direction of the qibla.
To the right of the mihrab is a small cell (maqsura) where the saint Masouda Essamra is buried.
References
Medina of Sfax |
Yasuo Sone (born 9 March 1950) is a Japanese professional golfer.
Sone played on the Japan Golf Tour, winning once.
Professional wins (1)
PGA of Japan Tour wins (1)
References
External links
Japanese male golfers
Japan Golf Tour golfers
1950 births
Living people |
A carimañola is a South American meat-pie in a torpedo-shaped yuca fritter, stuffed with cheese, seasoned ground meat or shredded chicken and fried. It is found in Colombia and Panama and can be accompanied by suero.
See also
Colombian cuisine
List of stuffed dishes
Panamanian cuisine
Colombian cuisine
Meat dishes
Stuffed dishes
Ground meat
Savoury pies |
Richard Hellmuth Baum (8 April 1902 – 6 September 2000) was a German musicologist and music historian.
Life
Family and education
Born in Esslingen am Neckar, Baum, son of the trader Wilhelm Baum and his wife Klara, née Schweitzer, was baptized Protestant and passed his Abitur at the Realgymnasium in Esslingen am Neckar in 1920. He then devoted himself to the study of literary criticism at the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, in 1921 he transferred to the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, where he studied musicology with Adolf Sandberger, literature and education, and in 1926 he received his Dr. phil. doctorate.
Baum married to Margarete née Burrey in 1936. One child was born of this union. He died in September 2000 at the age of 98 in Kassel.
Career
Immediately after his doctorate, Baum took up the post as the first editor at the Augsburg Bärenreiter-Verlag, which moved to Kassel in 1927. He later became a literary editor and worked for this publishing house until his ceremonial retirement in 1971. From 1933 to 1977, Baum served as the first chairman of the Arbeitskreis für Hausmusik (AfH), since 1969 the International Arbeitskreis für Musik (IAM). In this function he was responsible for the Kasseler Musiktage, which took place annually from 1933 to 1937 and since 1950. Baum was editor-in-chief of the magazines (1929-1941) and Hausmusik (since 1933, later Practica). From 1962 to 1977 he was co-editor of the magazine Musica.
Baum, whose commitment was directed towards several committees of musical youth and adult education, also served as treasurer of the Gesellschaft für Musikforschung from 1947 to 1977 and as first chairman of the Landgraf Moritz Foundation from 1955 to 1975. In recognition of his special services to music research, he was awarded the Plaque of Honour of the City of Kassel in 1962 and the Goethe-Plakette des Landes Hessen in 1976.
Publications
Author
Joseph Wölfl (1773-1812); Leben, Klavierwerke, Klavierkammermusik und Klavierkonzerte. Dissertation, University of Munich 1926, Bärenreiter-Verlag, Kassel, 1928
Editor
Geselliges Chorbuch. Lieder und Singradel in einfachen Sätzen für gemischten Chor.. Bärenreiter-Verlag, Kassel, 1938
Johann Erasmus Kindermann (Author): Tanzstücke für Klavier "(Cembalo, Clavichord oder andere Tasteninstrumente)". in Hortus Musicus, 61, Bärenreiter-Verlag, Kassel, 1950
Alte Weihnachtsmusik für Klavier, Orgel und andere Tasteninstrumente. Choralvorspiele alter Meister, von Advent bis Neujahr. Bärenreiter-Verlag, Kassel, 1953.
together with Hermann Peter Gericke: Bruder Singer : Lieder unseres Volkes. Bärenreiter-Verlag, Kassel, 1954
together with Wilhelm Ehmann: Carmina nova; zeitgenössische Chormusik für gemischte Stimmen. Bärenreiter-Verlag, Kassel, 1961
Das Quempas-Buch: Hausmusikausgabe : Lieder für den Weihnachtsfestkreis. Bärenreiter-Verlag, Kassel, 1966
together with Wolfgang Rehm: Musik und Verlag. Karl Vötterle zum 65. Geburtstag am 12. April 1968. Bärenreiter-Verlag, Kassel, New York, 1968
Literature
August Ludwig Degener, Walter Habel: the German Who's Who, Band 16., Arani, Berlin, 1970 , .
Friedrich Blume (ed.): Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart: allgemeine Enzyklopädie der Musik, volume 15. Bärenreiter-Verlag, Kassel, 1973 , .
(ed.): . Das 20. Jahrhundert. Band 2 Bauer-Ose – Björnson. Bern, Munich, 2001 (2nd edition) , .
Rudolf Vierhaus (ed.) Deutsche Biographische Enzyklopädie (DBE): Volume 1: Aachen – Braniß. De Gruyter, Munich, 2005 , .
References
External links
Richard Baum in
20th-century German musicologists
German music historians
Literary editors
Music publishers (people)
1902 births
2000 deaths
People from Esslingen am Neckar |
```smalltalk
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Certify.Models;
using Certify.Models.Config;
namespace Certify.Config
{
public enum TaskTriggerType
{
/// <summary>
/// Task will not run
/// </summary>
NOT_ENABLED = 0,
/// <summary>
/// Task will run for any status
/// </summary>
ANY_STATUS = 1,
/// <summary>
/// Task will run if the primary request succeeded
/// </summary>
ON_SUCCESS = 2,
/// <summary>
/// Task will run if the primary request failed
/// </summary>
ON_ERROR = 4,
/// <summary>
/// Manual tasks don't run automatically and are only started by the user via the UI or via the command line
/// </summary>
MANUAL = 8
}
public class DeploymentTaskTypes
{
public static Dictionary<string, string> TargetTypes { get; set; } = new Dictionary<string, string>
{
{ StandardAuthTypes.STANDARD_AUTH_LOCAL,"Local (as current service user)"},
{ StandardAuthTypes.STANDARD_AUTH_LOCAL_AS_USER,"Local (as specific user)"},
{ StandardAuthTypes.STANDARD_AUTH_WINDOWS,"Windows (Network)"},
{ StandardAuthTypes.STANDARD_AUTH_SSH,"SSH (Remote)"}
};
public static Dictionary<TaskTriggerType, string> TriggerTypes { get; set; } = new Dictionary<TaskTriggerType, string>
{
{ TaskTriggerType.NOT_ENABLED,"Disabled (Will Not Run)"},
{ TaskTriggerType.ANY_STATUS,"Run On Success or On Error"},
{ TaskTriggerType.ON_SUCCESS,"Run On Success"},
{ TaskTriggerType.ON_ERROR,"Run On Error"},
{ TaskTriggerType.MANUAL,"Manual (run using UI or command line)"}
};
}
public class DeploymentTaskConfig
{
public string? Id { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// id of task provider to instantiate
/// </summary>
public string? TaskTypeId { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Unique task name (id) used in logs and to invoke this deployment task manually
/// </summary>
public string? TaskName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
/// <summary>
/// Optional description for this deployment tasks (i.e. what it does and why)
/// </summary>
public string? Description { get; set; } = string.Empty;
/// <summary>
/// if true, deployment will stop at this step and report as an error, deployment is not considered complete
/// if false, error will be logged as a warning, next deployment step will continue and overall deployment will be marked as successful (depending on other deployment steps)
/// </summary>
public bool IsFatalOnError { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// If greater than 0, attempt up to N retries before failing
/// </summary>
public int RetriesAllowed { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Time to wait between retry attempts
/// </summary>
public int RetryDelaySeconds { get; set; } = 10;
/// <summary>
/// The challenge provider is the authentication type required (Local, Network, SSH etc)
/// </summary>
public string? ChallengeProvider { get; set; } = string.Empty;
public string? ChallengeCredentialKey { get; set; } = string.Empty;
/// <summary>
/// hostname or IP of target (if required)
/// </summary>
public string? TargetHost { get; set; } = string.Empty;
/// <summary>
///Dictionary of provider parameter values
/// </summary>
public List<ProviderParameterSetting>? Parameters { get; set; } = new();
public DateTimeOffset? DateLastExecuted { get; set; }
public string? LastResult { get; set; }
public RequestState? LastRunStatus { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// The request result state which triggers the task (All, Success, Error)
/// </summary>
public TaskTriggerType TaskTrigger { get; set; } = TaskTriggerType.ANY_STATUS;
/// <summary>
/// If true, this task will run even if the last task in the sequence failed (default=false)
/// </summary>
public bool RunIfLastStepFailed { get; set; }
}
}
``` |
The Women's 200 metre breaststroke competition of the 2019 African Games was held on 23 August 2019.
Records
Prior to the competition, the existing world and championship records were as follows.
Results
Final
The final was started on 23 August at 17:00.
References
Women's 200 metre breaststroke
2019 in women's swimming |
Ilkin Muradov is an Azerbaijani professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Zira in the Azerbaijan Premier League.
Club career
On 29 April 2017, Muradov made his debut in the Azerbaijan Premier League for Zira match against Shuvalan.
On 15 February 2023, Muradov joined Sabail on loan for the remainder of the season.
Career statistics
Club
References
External links
1998 births
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
Azerbaijani men's footballers
Azerbaijan men's youth international footballers
Azerbaijan men's under-21 international footballers
Azerbaijan Premier League players
Zira FK players |
Dame Elvira Sibyl Marie Mathews, ( Laughton; 25 September 1888 – 25 September 1959), known as Vera Laughton Mathews, was a British military officer and administrator. She was the second Director of the Women's Royal Naval Service (WRNS), serving from its reformation in 1939 until 1946.
Early life and family
Elvira Sibyl Marie Laughton was born in Hammersmith, London, on 25 September 1888 to Sir John Knox Laughton and María Josefa de Alberti of Cadiz, Spain. She had three brothers and one sister. Mathews was educated at Catholic schools: the Convent of St Andrew (in Streatham) and at Tournai (in Belgium). Later, she attended King's College London.
Vera Laughton was married to Gordon Mathews from 10 June 1924 until his death in 1943; they had two sons and one daughter.
Military career
Mathews joined the Women's Royal Naval Service (WRNS) on its establishment in 1918, and was appointed to the rank of principal officer (equivalent to a Royal Navy lieutenant commander).
She was initially the Unit Officer of the WRNS Training Depot at The Crystal Palace in south London; the Depot was wound up immediately after the Armistice was signed in November 1918 as recruitment had ceased and she went on to serve in various posts on the east coast of Britain until demobilisation in 1919.
She was reappointed as the director of the reformed WRNS in 1939 with Ethel Goodenough as her deputy. Goodenough died in 1946 from polio and Mathews retired in 1947.
The Vera Laughton Mathews' Award charity was created on 21 March 1969 with the aim of supporting the education and training of the daughters of former WRNS personnel. The charity was disbanded in 2012.
Political campaigning and journalism
Mathews joined the WSPU as a young woman, and in 1911 joined the Catholic Women's Suffrage Society (later the St Joan's Social and Political Alliance), and was Chair of the Alliance between 1932 and 1939.
In 1914, she was appointed acting Editor of The Suffragette magazine. She also worked on the magazine Time and Tide, which had been launched by Lady Rhondda in 1920.
Post-war career
After her retirement from the WRNS, Dame Vera was asked by the post-war Labour government to sit on a number of industry committees. She chaired the Domestic Coal Consumers' Council between 1947 and 1950. She was the first woman to work in the management of the gas industry, as a member of the South-Eastern Gas Board between 1949 and 1959. She also served as an advisor on Women's Affairs to the National Gas Council. In 1958, she was appointed President of the British Federation of Business and Professional Women.
Affiliations
Girl Guide Commissioner
Skipper of Sea Rangers
Chairman, St. Joan's Social and Political Alliance (1932-1939)
Chairman, Domestic Coal Consumers' Council (1947–1950)
President, National Smoke Abatement Society (1949–1951)
Member of the South-Eastern Gas Board (SEGAS) (1949–1959)
Adviser on Women's Affairs to the Gas Council
Life President, Association of Wrens
President, St. Joan's International Social and Political Alliance
Chair of the Status of Women Committee, St. Joan's Social and Political Alliance
President, Mermaid Swimming Club
Member, Council Girl Guides Association
President, British Federation of Business and Professional Women
Autobiography
Blue Tapestry, published by Hollis & Carter in London, 1948
References
External links
WRNS Website
Notice of appointment as Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire
1888 births
1959 deaths
English people of Spanish descent
Royal Navy personnel of World War II
Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Women's Royal Naval Service officers
Royal Navy admirals of World War II
British women in World War II
Alumni of King's College London
Military personnel from Hammersmith
Female admirals
Royal Navy officers of World War I |
The following list of characters from the Underworld franchise.
Vampires
Their metamorphosis is not nearly as startling as their Lycan counterparts. When they metamorphose, their eyes turn a shade of electric blue or bright gold, while their upper canine teeth lengthen to become pointed fangs. At all times, the upper lateral incisors and upper canine teeth on all vampires are elongated and come to a sharp point. Biologically immortal transgenics, the Vampires of Underworld display most of the prominent superhuman physical prowess commonly seen in popular culture, including superhuman strength, reflexes and speed, as well as an inhuman resistance to injury and accelerated healing. These abilities are maintained by feeding on blood, which is a prominent factor in their healing capabilities in addition to being strengthened with age. They do not possess any of the mystical weaknesses of mythological Vampires (crosses, holy water, garlic, stakes, etc.); however, they are highly vulnerable to ultraviolet radiation. They can also die from a broken neck, blood loss, nightshade poisoning, dismemberment, mutilation, and other extreme physical trauma, especially if their head or heart is destroyed or removed.
The oldest Vampires, the Elders, are, by consequence of their great ages, therefore the most powerful of their race, even stronger than Lycans in Werewolf form. In the novelizations, the Vampire population as a whole is referred to as the "Vampire Nation", consisting of covens; traditionally, before the events of Evolution, the two main covens were the Old World Coven (based in Hungary, in the environs of Budapest, with branch covens all-over the Euro-Asian continent), and the New World Coven (based in the United States, in New York). But since the assassinations of the Vampire Elder Lady Amelia and the Vampire Council by the Lycans, the Vampire Elder Lord Viktor's death at Selene's hand after learning the truth of her family's deaths at his hands, the final Vampire Elder Lord Markus's destruction of the main branch of the Old World Coven and its seat of power, Ördögház, and then his death at Selene's hand to stop him and his rampaging brother William; the leadership and organization of the Vampire Nation was scattered and divided. The leadership and organization of the Vampire Nation is once again restored following the ascension of Selene, David, and Lena as the new Vampire Elders.
In the post-production of the film, the pallor of the Vampires was achieved via D.I. As explained by Selene in the first Underworld film, a bite from both a Lycan and a Vampire is lethal, but Michael's bloodline allows him to survive and metamorphose into a hybrid of both species.
Death Dealers are Vampires that are specifically trained and tasked to kill Lycans.
Selene
Selene appears in the films Underworld, Underworld: Evolution, Underworld: Awakening, and Underworld: Blood Wars as the main protagonist; as well as in Underworld: Rise of the Lycans for a brief cameo. Her lover is Michael Corvin, and together they have a daughter, named Eve. Selene is portrayed by Kate Beckinsale, and by Beckinsale's daughter, Lily Mo Sheen, in Underworld: Evolution in flashback scenes as a child. Selene was created by Kevin Grevioux, Len Wiseman, and Danny McBride. According to Kevin Grevioux, Selene is based loosely on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. After the events of Evolution, Selene is no longer merely a Vampire but a Vampire/Corvinus-Strain Hybrid, now more powerful and also immune to UV radiation. At the end of Underworld: Blood Wars, Selene is not only accepted once again by the Vampire Covens but also named a new Vampire Elder alongside David and Lena.
In the non-canon novel, Underworld: Blood Enemy", Selene is also the main protagonist.
Viktor
Viktor is a Vampire Elder, and the main antagonist in Underworld and Underworld: Rise of the Lycans. He is portrayed by Bill Nighy. Viktor is a Hungarian general and warlord born sometime in the 4th or early 5th century. As he is nearing the end of his life, Markus Corvinus, the first true Vampire, offers immortality in exchange for Viktor's military expertise and army in fighting against the Werewolves, spawn of Markus's twin brother, William. When Markus metamorphoses Viktor, the general becomes a vampire Elder. The Death Dealers are created from Viktor's army. Viktor is a ruthless vampire Elder and, with armies loyal to him, he overthrows the original Vampire Markus and sets himself up in Vampire myth as the first Vampire. Viktor is the most powerful Vampire ever to have lived mostly because his manipulation, experience, and cunning far surpass the other Elders'. He is killed by Selene, who cuts his head in half with his own sword. In Blood Wars, Selene is hunted by the Vampires for killing Viktor. Selene's only two allies are Thomas, who has no love for Viktor, and his son David, whose mother is secretly Viktor's fellow Elder Amelia. Due to the threat of the new Lycan leader Marius, the Vampire Council agrees to pardon Selene for Viktor's death if she will train their new Death Dealers, but Semira, an old favorite of Viktor, frames Selene for murder to get revenge. Following the deaths of Marius and Semira, the Vampires' grudge against Selene for killing Viktor ends, and she goes from pariah to one of the three new Vampire Elders alongside Amelia's son David and the Nordic Vampire Lena.
Sonja
Sonja is the daughter of the Vampire Elder Viktor, introduced by flashback in Underworld and portrayed by Jázmin Dammak. The character is heavily featured in Underworld: Rise of the Lycans, and is portrayed by Rhona Mitra. She fell in love with the Lycan slave Lucian despite knowing her father would disapprove. Without Viktor's knowledge or blessing, she eventually married Lucian in secret and became pregnant with his child. For breaking the Covenant, Viktor executed her and her unborn child by exposure to sunlight, and her husband was forced to watch. Viktor viewed the child as an abomination and was acting to protect the Vampire line's purity, although Sonja's death haunted him for the rest of his life. His guilt over this led him to spare Selene, who bore an uncanny resemblance to Sonja, from the slaughter of the rest of her family. Sonja wore a pendant, which was given to her by her father. After her death, Lucian took that pendant as a keepsake of his beloved wife. This pendant proved to be vitally important to the events that unfolded in Underworld: Evolution. Her death started the war between Vampires and Lycans that lasted for centuries afterward.
Markus Corvinus
Markus Corvinus is the first Vampire in the Underworld series, and the main antagonist of Underworld: Evolution. He is portrayed by Tony Curran. Markus also appears in the novelization of the sequel. Born sometime in the 5th century; Markus was one of three sons of Helena and Alexander Corvinus, the first immortal. Markus was also the twin brother of William Corvinus, and they each inherited the immortality strain in its active form from their father. Together, Markus and William both shared a bond as twins that Alexander never truly saw. Markus was later bitten by a bat, thus making him the progenitor of what would become the Vampire species. His twin, William, was bitten by a wolf and went on to ravage the countryside of Hungary, infecting the populace with his highly infectious Lycanthropy virus. In order to combat the growing Werewolf threat, Markus approached Viktor, a dying warlord, to utilize his military genius and army (who became the Death Dealers) in exchange for immortality. Viktor accepted and became one of the Vampire Elders. After being revived by the blood of the Lycan Singe, Markus awakens and goes on a rampage to rescue William and metamorphose him into a Hybrid too. He kills his own father and apparently his distant relative Michael Corvin, but he is defeated and killed by an enhanced Selene in a final fight when she stabs him through the head with one of his own wing talons and knocks him into spinning helicopter blades, dismembering him.
Amelia
Amelia is one of the three Vampire Elders of the Vampire Nation in the Underworld series. She appeared briefly in Underworld, appeared in a flashback sequence in Underworld: Evolution, and appears in archive footage and as a painting in Underworld: Blood Wars. She is portrayed by Zita Görög. Amelia was bitten and metamorphosed into a Vampire, most likely by the first Vampire, Markus himself, sometime around 1500 years prior to the events of the first Underworld installment, according to the first novelization ("Although nearly fifteen centuries old, the Lady Amelia still had all the youthful beauty and haughty carriage of an international supermodel"). As such, Amelia was the youngest of all three Elders as well as the only female. She was elevated to the rank of an Elder, both in order to help control the chaos created by Markus's brother William (the first werewolf; William was unable to return to human form after his metamorphosis and his bite caused even the dead to metamorphose into werewolves) and to perform the role as a tie-breaker between her fellow Elders Markus and Viktor if there was ever a deadlock in the ruling of the coven. Her original background prior to her Vampirism is as yet unrevealed.
In 1202 AD. Amelia had to side with Viktor (who also sought to undermine Markus's authority, something he could not do without her help), supported him in locking up William within a coffin-like prison in a remote place where Markus could not find him (which turns Markus against her too), as William was just too dangerous to be allowed to roam free. The capture of William would not have happened without Amelia's help. Ultimately, Amelia did not keep control during her last reign, spending the majority of her reign amongst the New World Coven, which only allowed Viktor's regent Kraven to conspire with Lucian and Lucian to work deals with Tanis for weapons to kill Vampires. She herself was killed and "bled dry" by Lycans led by Raze during an attack on her train.
In Blood Wars, Amelia was illustrated as having been something of a 'coven-builder', founding or else supporting the founding of a number of covens. It is also later revealed that Amelia and a high-ranking Vampire Thomas (later the leader of the Western Coven following the events of the Purge) had fallen in love, having fought first-generation Werewolves alongside one another, and, at some point, had entered into a secret, private relationship. At some point into their centuries-long love, in the late 20th century, Amelia discovered she had become pregnant, and she and Thomas made plans to keep her pregnancy a secret. Before her pregnancy started to show, Amelia announced her intention to visit old friends in the Var Dohr coven in Scandinavia and appointed Thomas as her sole escort. They both stayed with the Var Dohr coven for the duration of her pregnancy, culminating with the safe delivery of their pure-born son David. By this point, it would seem, Amelia's prolonged absence from the Vampire Nation at large had aroused at least some suspicion as to why she was absent, and Semira was dispatched to investigate. By this time, however, David having been born and Amelia having recovered from the birth, Thomas and Amelia had left with their son and gone their separate ways. To keep up appearances, Thomas put it out that he'd had a low-born Vampiress for a consort who had just died during childbirth, and Amelia returned to the New World Coven with no one wiser to the truth. It would seem that Amelia, despite siding with Viktor against Markus over William's sentence, didn't completely trust him, keeping the existence of her son a secret. During the main events of Blood Wars, Selene's ally David learnt that he was Amelia's secret son and thus her heir as the new leader of the Eastern Coven. Using some of Amelia's blood she had left behind in case anything happened to her, David was able to prove his claim as Amelia's rightful heir.
In the third instalment of the Underworld franchise, there was an unspoken allusion that Viktor was plotting to get rid of her and replace her with his daughter Sonja: Viktor kept saying "When you are an Elder" to Sonja rather than If, but he never alluded to a future when he would be gone. Touting the bonds of family and blood being stronger than anything else, as he sought to further increase and reinforce his own power base within the Vampire Nation, and believing Markus's lie about how his death would mean the immediate deaths of all Vampires, and that, as his own flesh and blood (and having planned out her whole life for her), Sonja would be a more loyal ally than Amelia if Amelia should ever side with Markus against him (as Amelia had with Viktor against Markus over William's sentence), Viktor, paranoid and ambitious as ever, likely sought to replace Amelia with his daughter Sonja, only to sentence Sonja to death for her affair and pregnancy with Lucian, abandoning this plan. Whether Amelia ever suspected anything about this is unknown, but it would give credence to her later efforts to keep the existence and birth of her son from Viktor and his followers (and, indeed, the Vampire Nation at large).
In the non-canon novel, Underworld: Blood Enemy, Amelia, though making no physical appearance in the story, is described as having a habit similar to real-life historical Sanguinarian figure, Elizabeth Báthory the "Blood Countess", of often indulging in baths of blood, believing it to enhance her beauty ("The aroma of so much fresh blood was intoxicating. Sonja tried to imagine what it would be like to bathe in such a tub; her skin tingled beneath her gown. It was said that Amelia herself sometimes indulged in such luxurious ablutions in order to enhance her beauty", Blood Enemy novelization, chapter 8).
Erika
Erika is portrayed by Sophia Myles. She is a character in the first two films of the Underworld film series as well as in the novelization of the first film. She is a Vampire seductress, a social-climbing courtier in Viktor's mansion, obsessed with rising through the ranks of the vampire aristocracy. She is a high-ranking maid who most recently began seeking the attentions of Kraven, as well as having a one-sided rivalry with Selene.
Kraven
Kraven is portrayed by actor Shane Brolly. The name "Kraven" is a derivation of the English word "craven", meaning "coward", a reference to Kraven's spineless nature. Kraven has a vainglorious personality and a highly inflated-but-extremely-fragile narcissistic ego. He is a long-time suitor of Selene, a Death Dealer, and fancies himself in a relationship with her even though she spurns him at every turn. Yet Kraven is so obsessed with Selene that the more she refuses him, the more he wants her. When it becomes evident that Selene has fallen in love with Michael Corvin, Kraven becomes insanely jealous and highly irrational, demanding Michael's head, and even shooting Michael multiple times with silver nitrate bullets, nearly killing him. However, Selene revives Michael in the nick of time by biting him, thus turning him into a Hybrid.
In his quest for power, Kraven enters into a secret alliance with Lucian in order to overthrow the Elders, helping to set up an ambush for the Lady Amelia. After Lady Amelia's death, and with Lucian and Viktor dead, Kraven goes after a slumbering Markus and tries to murder him in his sleep. However, Markus surprisingly wakes as a Hybrid and massacres Kraven's men. Markus then bites Kraven and obtains his blood memories. Although Markus stops before Kraven dies of blood loss, he turns down Kraven's offer to 'assist' him, seeing Kraven as untrustworthy. Immediately after that, Markus kills Kraven by beheading him.
Andreas Tanis
Andreas Tanis is a character in the 2006 movie Underworld: Evolution and in the 2009 movie Underworld: Rise of the Lycans. He is portrayed by Steven Mackintosh. Tanis is a Vampire of considerable age (estimated at over 1000 years old at the time of his death), he was at one point the official scribe and Historian of the Old World Coven. An ambitious man, Tanis knew things about other Vampires and kept the things he knew secret until it was of use to him. Coveting a rise in status to a member of the Vampire Council, Tanis enters into a covert alliance with Sonja and Lucian, aiding them in exchange for his silence and Sonja's seat on the council; his part in Sonja's and Lucian's plan remained a secret after Sonja's execution and later after Lucian's faked death. However, over 300 years prior to the events that occurred in the first and second installments, the Vampire Elder, Lord Viktor, in his bid to rewrite history, turns on Tanis and orders his banishment, citing that Tanis had been recording "malicious lies". The order of banishment was carried out by Selene, who escorted him to an abandoned monastery on Viktor's orders. Over three hundred years later, Selene would learn the truth about Viktor and realize that what Tanis had recorded years earlier was, in fact, true. Tanis is later killed by Markus after being drained of blood.
Soren
Soren, having a surprising lack of personal ambition for a Vampire, was Kraven's janissary, and, being two of a kind, he was the rival/Vampire counterpart of Raze before their deaths. He is played by Scott McElroy. Soren appears predominantly in the first film installment of Underworld, but he is also referenced in the novelization of the sequel and appears in the comic book prequel as well. Not much is revealed about Soren's past; rumors surrounding him say that he is almost as old as Viktor himself (and was probably bitten by the Vampire Elder). Soren was originally Viktor's bodyguard, a position he may have held since before either were Vampires. Later, he served as the head torturer in Viktor's employ. He proved to be very skilled in taming Lycan slaves with silver-edged whips, and he even used them on Lucian at Viktor's request prior to Sonja's execution.
In the non-canon novel, Underworld: Blood Enemy, Soren lost his position in Viktor's good graces after he left Viktor's daughter Sonja, whom he was charged to protect, alone during an ambush by mortals who were hateful of Vampires. He also remained ignorant of the fact that Sonja was in love with the Lycan Lucian until he was informed by a Lycan woman who had been obsessed with Lucian and resented him falling for Sonja. Soren informed Viktor, who then executed his daughter. Viktor blamed Soren for not protecting her.
Soren is one of the Vampires involved in Viktor's assault on the Lycan base in the first film, and he ultimately faces Raze in single combat. Soren initially holds the Lycan off, but after Raze shapeshifts into full Lycan form, he tackles Soren and apparently kills him, since Soren is not seen afterward and Raze is.
David
David is a character from the 2012 movie Underworld: Awakening and the 2016 movie Underworld: Blood Wars. He is portrayed by Theo James. He is the son of Thomas, leader of the Western Coven, and Amelia, the Vampire Elder. Although never trained as a Death Dealer and, in contrast with his father, Thomas, David is not a coward and fights when situations demand it. Fascinated by Selene's past as a Death Dealer, he brings her back to the Vampire Coven with her hybrid daughter, Eve, hoping she would teach some of the members so that they could become what she used to be, as there are not any left within the coven. David dies after a raid by Lycans led by Quint Lane, but he is revived by Selene using her Vampire-Corvinus Strain Hybrid blood, metamorphosing him into a Vampire-Corvinus Strain Hybrid too. During the final assault on Antigen, David, now with similar abilities to Selene, including sunlight immunity, arrives to help unexpectedly. Armed with a shotgun and two blades, David distracts Jacob Lane long enough for Eve to break free and fight back. As more Lycan guards arrive, David turns his focus to them and single-handedly kills around a dozen Lycans. After the battle, David joins Selene and Eve in searching for Michael Corvin who has escaped. In Underworld: Blood Wars, David attempts to get Selene to return to aid the Vampire Covens against the new Lycan leader, Marius. His resurrection has become something of a legend amongst the Vampires as he is the first Vampire to have ever been brought back from the dead. His fighting skills also have been honed and he is now a capable combatant. After Semira betrays them, David and his father rescued Selene, but Thomas is killed after telling David to take Selene to the Nordic Coven. David is able to use his sunlight immunity to escape Semira's clutches and learns from the Nordic Coven that he is the son of the Vampire Elder Amelia and thus her rightful heir. During the Lycan attack on the Nordic Coven, David helps defend it and is devastated by Selene's apparent death. David then returns to the Eastern Coven and interrupts a coup attempt by Semira by presenting himself as the heir of Amelia with some of her blood to prove it. The Death Dealers and Vampire Council side with David and he leads a futile defense against a massive Lycan attack before a revived and enhanced Selene arrives with the Nordic Coven to help. David and Semira, who has metamorphosed into a Vampire-Corvinus Strain Hybrid herself by drinking Selene's blood, fight ending with David raising the shutters keeping out the sunlight. David is able to use Semira's distraction over her new sunlight immunity to kill her and after discovering that Selene has killed Marius, cuts off Marius' head and uses it to get the Lycans to retreat. Following the battle, David is made one of the new Vampire Elders alongside Selene and Nordic Vampire Lena.
Thomas
Thomas is one of the surviving Vampire Elders in Underworld: Awakening and the father of David. According to David, his father was once a Vampire who had "defended [his coven] with fire and steel, rather than hollow words", and that Selene reminds Thomas of the way he once was. He does not trust Selene and openly discriminates against her daughter, Eve, who is a Hybrid. In contrast with his son, Thomas is a coward and ordered the coven to flee rather than fight, leaving David as the de facto leader because of his demonstration of courage and intelligence, despite Thomas's status now as a Coven Elder. His arrogance made him fail to realize the necessity of Selene's presence or what she has metamorphosed into until she used her blood to resurrect David after he died from the critical injuries he received from Lycans. In Underworld: Blood Wars, Thomas is approached by Semira to petition the Vampire Council to grant Selene clemency in exchange for her help in training their Death Dealers. Thomas is successful, but Semira later frames Selene for murder and kidnaps her. Thomas helps David rescue Selene and orders his son to take Selene to the Nordic Coven. Thomas then battles both Semira and Varga before Semira kills him with a stab to the back of his head while he's distracted. Upon arrival at the Nordic Coven, David learns that Thomas once had a relationship with the Vampire Elder Amelia and he is their son as proven by blood memories left behind for him by Amelia. He is portrayed by Charles Dance.
Lena
Lena is a vampire warrior from the Nordic Coven. As a daughter of the coven's leader, Vidar, she is depicted as a calm and wise Vampiress, but she is willing to use violence to protect her coven. She provides Selene with the cocooning process, thus not only reviving her but also boosting her hybrid abilities to new heights. At the end of Blood Wars, Lena becomes one of three new Vampire Elders alongside Selene and David. She is portrayed by Clementine Nicholson.
Semira
Semira is one of the leaders of the Eastern Coven. She is a fiercely ambitious Vampiress in Underworld: Blood Wars. She is also skilled at sword fighting. In Blood Wars, Semira gets the Vampire Council to grant Selene clemency in exchange for her training their new Death Dealers, but it is in fact a trap so that Semira can get Selene's blood and kill her in revenge for the death of the Vampire Elder Viktor who Semira had once been close to. Selene is rescued by David and Thomas, the latter of whom Semira murders, but Semira is able to get some of Selene's blood and learns of Selene's and David's ability to walk in sunlight. Semira later sends Alexia to the Nordic Coven, knowing she is really the lover of the new Lycan leader Marius, and kills her upon her return. Using Selene's blood, Semira is able to metamorphose herself into a Vampire-Corvinus Strain Hybrid like Selene and David and attempts to overthrow the Vampire Council. However, David returns and reveals himself to be the son of the Vampire Elder Amelia and thus her rightful heir and the true leader of the Eastern Coven. At this revelation, Semira's own Death Dealers turn on her, including her lover Varga, and she is arrested. Semira manages to escape when the Lycans attack the Coven and battles David, being an even match for him with her new powers and proficient fighting skills. Finally, David opens the shutters to Semira's office and lets in the sunlight, causing Semira to get distracted by enjoying her new sunlight immunity as David intended. With Semira distracted, David stabs her through the back of the head and out of her mouth with a sword, killing her in the same manner she murdered his father, Thomas. She is portrayed by Lara Pulver.
Lycans
Werewolves in the Underworld films, like their Vampire counterparts, are biologically immortal transgenics. Lycans display a number of greatly enhanced physical attributes in either form (superhuman strength, speed, reflexes, healing, etc.) although the Werewolf form is physically superior to both their Human form and even to most Vampires. Lycans are highly allergic to silver to the point of it being toxic and lethal to them, and it is even able to keep them weakened and unable to metamorphose into their Werewolf form. They can also be killed or permanently damaged by extreme physical trauma as normal humans are, such as mutilation, a broken neck, or dismemberment, especially if their head or heart is destroyed or removed. However, while first-generation werewolves sired by William Corvinus are permanently metamorphosed and feral, second-generation werewolves, the Lycans, and those they convert, can become able to metamorphose between their Human or Werewolf forms at will and retain their personalities while metamorphosed. Their control over their metamorphoses increases over time, to the point where they can partially metamorphose to physically enhance themselves further, while age also gives them a limited tolerance to silver. As explained by Selene in the first Underworld film, though, a bite from both a Lycan and a Vampire is lethal, but Michael's heritage allows him to survive and metamorphose into a hybrid of both species.
Originally, Lycans were seen as a lesser race and were enslaved by the Vampiric race. This was until the catalyst of Lucian's and Sonja’s star-crossed love, where the Lycans rebelled for their freedom and revenge.
Lucian
Lucian is the very first of the second-generation Lycans. He is the leader of the Lycan horde in the movie Underworld and appears in its prequel Underworld: Rise of the Lycans. He is portrayed by actor Michael Sheen. Lucian is born the son of a captured female Werewolf, who is killed when Lucian is a newborn. He is branded with Viktor's mark signifying that he is put into slavery under one of Viktor's early reigns as a blacksmith. Being born of two Werewolves, he is a pure-blood Lycan. Lucian is a Lycan servant to Viktor's clan. His relationship with Sonja begins when they grew up and it is eventually revealed that Sonja is pregnant with his child, making their child a Lycan-Vampire hybrid; but Sonja is executed, preventing the birth of the child. He starts a war with Viktor as a result and fakes his own death with the help of Kraven, planning to metamorphose into a Hybrid in order to kill Viktor. His plan fails, but he holds Kraven off long enough for Selene to metamorphose Michael Corvin into a Hybrid. Selene also later kills Viktor to fulfill her own revenge against him. Despite his plans to metamorphose into a hybrid and to kill Viktor himself having failed, his will is seen through regardless with Michael's metamorphosing and Viktor's death.
Raze
Razahir "Raze" Khemse is a Lycan who is the right-hand man of the Lycan leader Lucian. He is born in Sudan in East Africa during the 14th century. Raze is the son of a powerful Sultan but his family's lands are taken during a period of wars that spread into Africa. He is forced into slavery and taken to Hungary to be given as payment to Viktor the Vampire Elder. He joins Lucian's civil war and kills Soren during the Vampires' attack on Lucian's base, but after believing Lucian to be dead, he launches a suicide attack on Viktor, who snaps his neck and stabs him with a sword. He is played by Kevin Grevioux.
Singe
Singe is a scientist employed by Lucian to find a way to mix the vampire and werewolf bloodlines to create hybrids. He kidnaps members of the human Corvinus bloodline and mixes their blood with both Vampire and Lycan blood to see if they are compatible. He finally finds compatibility in Michael Corvin when Michael is captured and brought to him to be tested. He's killed by Viktor towards the end of Underworld, and his blood seeps into Markus's tomb and awakens him. Singe wasn't shown to metamorph into his werewolf form. He is played by Erwin Leder.
William Corvinus
William Corvinus is the first and only Lycan Elder. Portrayed only in his metamorphosed state, he is played by Brian Steele, but prior to his being a werewolf, he would have been identical in looks to his twin brother Markus. Born sometime in the 5th century, William is one of three sons of Helena and Alexander Corvinus, the first immortal. He, along with Markus, inherits the immortality strain in its active form from their father. Markus and William both share a bond as twins that Alexander never truly sees. William is later bitten by a wolf, thus making him the progenitor of what becomes the Lycan species (his twin, Markus, is bitten by a bat). Unlike most later Lycans, his fur is white. William is unable to metamorphose back into his human form and has little more than ferocious savagery, nor is he ever shown in his human form in any of the films. His Lycanthropy virus is much more potent than Markus's Vampire virus, even allowing dead victims to metamorphose. William goes on to ravage the countryside of Hungary, infecting the populace with his highly infectious Lycanthropy virus. In order to combat the growing Lycan threat, Markus approaches Viktor, a dying warlord, to utilize his military genius and army (who become the Death Dealers) in exchange for immortality. Later, William is successfully captured and contained by the combined forces of Markus, Amelia, and Viktor and used by Viktor to keep Markus in line. After Viktor is killed, Markus releases William, hoping to metamorphose him into a Hybrid and restore his morality. Despite his bestial nature, William is shown to recognize his brother. In the fight that follows, Michael Corvin rips William's head in half with brute strength, killing him.
Dr. Jacob Lane
Dr. Jacob Lane is a ruthless and amoral Lycan, and the main antagonist of Underworld: Awakening. He betrays his own pack and reveals the existences of both vampire and lycan races so he can covertly experiment on both in order to create a new and powerful Lycan race by heading the research company Antigen, in hope of domination over the Human, Vampire, and Werewolf races. Using the blood of the Hybrid Eve, he enhances his own Lycan form, but not to the same degree as his son Quint. During Selene's attack on Antigen, he battles Detective Sebastian and Eve and is killed when Eve rips out his throat. He is portrayed by Stephen Rea.
Quint Lane
Quint Lane is the son of Dr. Jacob Lane, who is as corrupt as his father. After the public discovers him as a Lycan, his father helps to fake his death in order to continue his experiments on him. He metamorphoses into a larger, fearsome, and powerful Lycan, has the ability to rapidly heal, is seemingly immune to silver, and is sometimes called a "Super-Lycan". He is killed by Selene, who stuffs a silver nitrate grenade into an open wound on his abdomen, which quickly heals, preventing him from removing the grenade before it explodes; revealing his so-called "immunity to silver" to be actually only skin-deep, and his vital organs to be very much still vulnerable. He is portrayed by Kris Holden-Ried.
Marius
Marius is a Lycan leader who rose to power following the destruction of Antigen, becoming the main antagonist of Underworld: Blood Wars. Marius, who is described as being unlike any Lycan leader ever before, manages to gather an army of Lycans loyal to him that slaughters several Vampire Covens using superior tactics. Marius also captures and murders Michael Corvin, using vials of Michael's blood to increase his own power and metamorphose himself into a Hybrid. The threat posed by Marius is so great that the Vampire Council agrees to pardon Selene if she trains their Death Dealers to fight him, but she is betrayed by Semira and Varga and sent on the run. After being informed of Selene's location by his Vampire lover Alexia, Marius leads an attack on the Nordic Coven, his new Hybrid powers proving superior to Selene's. Marius attempts to get the location of Eve from Selene to use her blood to solidify his power and is horrified to learn that Selene truly does not know where she is. After Selene's apparent suicide, Marius calls off the Lycan attack on the Nordic Coven and sends Alexia to lower the defenses of the Eastern Coven so he can attack. Marius leads a devastating attack on the Eastern Coven and comes close to winning before Selene, her powers enhanced by the Nordic Coven, arrives to help accompanied by the Nordic Coven. Marius battles Selene who learns from his blood memories of Marius murdering Michael. Downing the last of Michael's blood, Marius metamorphoses and battles Selene inside a cage. Using her newly enhanced speed, Selene is able to get behind Marius before he can react and rip out Marius's spine, killing him. David then cuts off Marius's head and uses it to convince the other Lycans that their leader is dead and get them to retreat. He is portrayed by Tobias Menzies.
House of Corvinus
Alexander Corvinus
Alexander Corvinus (Hungarian: Corvin Sándor) is the first true Immortal in the Underworld movies and is the father of Markus Corvinus and William Corvinus, as well as an ancestor of Michael Corvin, who is a descendant of Corvinus's third and mortal son. He is portrayed by Derek Jacobi.Greg Cox. Underworld: Evolution (Simon and Schuster, 2006). 182.
Alexander was a Hungarian warlord who lived in the early 5th century. He ascended to power just in time to watch his village ravaged by an unknown plague. Alexander was the only survivor of the plague. His body was able to adapt the virus, and, likewise be adapted by it, and through some unknown means consequently made him immortal. The plague that wiped-out his home town and mutated with Alexander may have been a part of the first wave of the Bubonic plague to hit Europe (otherwise known as the "Plague of Justinian"), although the timing for the Justinian Plague is off by a nigh-century (although archaeo-pathological evidence reveals that Bubonic plague had been around as early as the Bronze Age), and that Bubonic plague is bacterial rather than viral.
Years later, with his wife Helena, he fathered three children, two of whom inherited the immortal strain in its active form: twin brothers Markus and William. Markus was bitten by a bat and metamorphosed into the first vampire. William was bitten by a wolf and metamorphosed into the first werewolf. William became a savage beast that was unable to ever assume human form again, something Alexander attributed to his uncontrollable rage. Only Alexander's third son (who inherited the immortal strain in its inactive form) remained a human. Markus and his vampire army (led by Viktor) captured his brother William and locked him in a secret prison for over 800 years, the location of which was kept from Markus. When Viktor ordered his vampire daughter executed for having been impregnated by a Lycan, he inadvertently touched off a centuries-long war between lycans and vampires. Alexander chose to keep the war contained from ever spilling into the mortal realm. He hired humans to clean up after the battles and to help conceal their existence from the normal human population. Alexander states in Underworld: Evolution that he believes he and his sons were oddities of nature, and that the world is not theirs to conquer but belongs to the humans. Despite not displaying any powers of his own, he is referred to by Selene as the strongest of the immortals and the only one capable of killing his sons, indicating he does possess some abilities.
At the time of Underworld: Evolution, Alexander was operating under the alias of Lorenz Macaro, and ran his operation from the ship "Sancta Helena". He meets with Selene and Michael, who ask for his help to destroy Markus and William. He reveals that no matter what they have become, he cannot help Selene and Michael against them, for they are his own sons. Alexander has come into possession of Viktor's body (and Viktor's half of the prison key that holds William Corvinus). Alexander is visited by Markus, who impales him with his wing talon, takes Viktor's half of the key and leaves him for dead.
As Alexander lays dying, he calls Selene to him to drink some of his pure immortal blood. The blood, he tells her, will make her "the future" and is her only hope of being strong enough to destroy the Corvinus brothers. After Selene and Michael leave, Alexander detonates a case of explosives on his ship, obliterating it in the harbor, along with killing himself. His blood enhances Selene's powers, making her equal to the Hybrid Markus in strength and giving her an immunity to sunlight, ultimately allowing her to defeat him. She tells Detective Sebastian in Underworld: Awakening about getting her sunlight immunity from Alexander, referring to it as a gift from him. Detective Sebastian displays knowledge of who Alexander is when Selene brings him up.
Michael Corvin
Michael Corvin (in Hungarian: Corvin Mihály) is a medical student who is a direct descendant of Alexander Corvinus. He is portrayed by Scott Speedman in the first two films and appears in cameo appearances in Underworld: Awakening and Underworld: Blood Wars by Trent Garrett. Bitten first by Lucian and later by Selene, he metamorphosed into a Lycan/Vampire Hybrid. Being a hybrid, Michael can regenerate cells and muscle tissues as well as internal organs even when he is dead, as long as his body stays intact: such as when Markus killed him by impaling him through the chest. Counting the unborn child of Lucian and Sonja, Michael is the second Lycan/Vampire Hybrid. In the beginning Awakening, he was captured along with Selene by the Lycan-run corporation Antigen, being labeled "Subject 0". By the end of the film, he seemingly escaped from stasis with his current whereabouts being unknown. However, it is revealed in Blood Wars that Michael was abducted by Marius, who then killed him and stole his blood in order to become stronger. He also plays a role in the third part of the animated shorts in Underworld: Endless War voiced by Mark Oliver.
Eve
Eve is the hybrid daughter of Selene and Michael Corvin, through whom she is a descendant of Alexander Corvinus. In Underworld: Awakening, she tells Selene that her name is Subject 2. She was born without her parents' knowledge during their years of captivity in Antigen. The scientists in the facility told her that her mother was dead and never heard anything about her father. Eve eventually discovered Selene's body and breaks her mother out of cryo-suspension. After her escape, Selene discovers Eve and learns that she is her daughter, realizing that she had been pregnant at the time of her capture, and given birth to Eve all during her unconscious state. Being pursued by both humans and Lycans because of her unique origin, and despite Selene's attempts to shield her from the dangers around them, she is recaptured by Antigen, but is rescued by Selene and Detective Sebastian during an attack on the facility. Eve joins the fight herself and kills Doctor Lane. In Underworld: Blood Wars, Eve has gone away to prevent any vampires and lycans from getting her blood. As a result, Selene does not know where Eve is. However, she appears in the very last shot of the film, revealing that she has been following her mother; as her mother is now one of the Vampire Nation's new Elders, this makes Eve an heir to her mother and to the Vampire Nation. Eve is portrayed by India Eisley.
Humans
Detective Sebastian
Portrayed by Michael Ealy, Detective Sebastian is a police detective in Underworld: Awakening'' who is shown to be sympathetic to immortals. He is first seen investigating a Lycan attack where he convinces his rookie partner to not jump to conclusions. While at the crime scene, he gets a brief glimpse of Selene and grows suspicious of Antigen, especially after he finds proof that they lied about their test subject, Selene, being dead. After an attack on a vampire coven that ends with her daughter being kidnapped, Selene confronts Detective Sebastian who admits he suspected the Lycans are not extinct. He then shows her reports a friend of his sent him shortly before dying of over 200 suspected Lycans being tested and all coming back negative, leading Detective Sebastian to think someone might be protecting them and letting them rebuild. Selene realizes that Antigen is run by Lycans and Detective Sebastian offers her his help in rescuing her daughter, explaining that his wife had metamorphosed into a vampiress and committed suicide to protect him. During the assault on Antigen, Detective Sebastian mans the security station to guide Selene through the building and races to the parking garage when he realizes Selene will not get there in time to stop Doctor Lane from escaping. In the fight that follows, Detective Sebastian kills a few Lycans but is unable to harm Lane who is now a Hybrid. He watches as Eve fights and kills Lane and David arrives to dispatch the other Lycans. As the police arrive, Detective Sebastian, who has an injured leg, tells the other three to go and he will misdirect the police to buy them time to get away.
References
Underworld (film series)
Underworld
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Western Massachusetts, known colloquially as “Western Mass,” is a region in Massachusetts, one of the six U.S. states that make up the New England region of the United States. Western Massachusetts has diverse topography; 22 colleges and universities including UMass in Amherst, MA, with approximately 100,000 students; and such institutions as Tanglewood, the Springfield Armory, and Jacob's Pillow.
The western part of Western Massachusetts includes the Berkshire Mountains, where there are several vacation resorts. The eastern part of the region includes the Connecticut River Valley, which has a number of university towns, the major city Springfield, and numerous agricultural hamlets. In the eastern part of the area, the Quabbin region is a place of outdoor recreation.
History
Native inhabitants
Archeological efforts in the Connecticut River Valley have revealed traces of human life dating back at least 9,000 years. Pocumtuck tradition describes the creation of Lake Hitchcock in Deerfield by a giant beaver, possibly representing the action of a glacier that retracted at least 12,000 years ago. Western Massachusetts was originally settled by Native American societies, including the Pocomtuc, Nonotuck Mohawk, Nipmuck, and Mahican. Various sites indicate millennia of fishing, horticulture, beaver-hunting, and burials. The passage of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act in 1990 ordered museums across Western Mass and the country to repatriate these remains to Native peoples, an ongoing process.
The region was inhabited by several Algonkian-speaking Native American communities, culturally connected but distinguished by the place names they assigned to their respective communities: Agawam (low land), Woronco (in a circular way), Nonotuck (in the midst of the river), Pocumtuck (narrow, swift river), and Sokoki (separated from their neighbors). The modern-day Springfield metropolitan area was inhabited by the Agawam people. The Agawam, as well as other groups, belong to the larger cultural category of Alongkian Indians.
In 1634, a plague, probably smallpox, reduced the Native American population of the Connecticut River Valley to a tiny percentage of its previous size. Governor Bradford of Massachusetts writes that in Windsor, notably the site of a trading post, where European diseases often spread to Native populations, "of 1,000 of [the Native Americans] 150 of them died." With so many dead, English colonists were emboldened to attempt significant settlement of the region.
Colonial and early Federal period
The first European explorers to reach Western Massachusetts were English Puritans, who in 1635, at the request of William Pynchon, settled the land that they considered most advantageous for both agriculture and trading in modern-day Agawam, adjacent to modern Metro Center, Springfield. In 1636, a group of English colonists—lured by the promise of a "great river" and the northeast's most fertile farmland—ventured to Springfield, where they established a permanent colony. Originally, this settlement was called Agawam Plantation, and administered by the Connecticut Colony. (Springfield lies only 4 miles north of Connecticut; however, Agawam included lands as far south as Windsor Locks, as far north as Holyoke, and as far west as Westfield.) In 1640, Springfield voted to separate from the Connecticut Colony following a series of contentious incidents and, after a brief period of independence, decided to align with the coastal Massachusetts Bay Colony, shaping the region's political boundaries. The Massachusetts Bay Colony settled at the Connecticut River Valley's most fertile land―stretching from Windsor, Connecticut, (once part of Springfield,) to Northampton, Massachusetts―from 1636 to 1654.
For the next several decades, Native people experienced a complex relationship with European settlers. The fur trade stood at the heart of their economic interactions, a lucrative business that guided many other policy decisions. White settlers traded wampum, cloth and metal in exchange for furs, as well as horticultural produce. Because of the seasonal nature of goods provided by Native people compared with the constant availability of colonial goods, a credit system developed. Land, the natural resource whose availability did not fluctuate, served as collateral for mortgages in which Native people bought goods from the colonists in exchange for the future promise of beavers. However, trade with the colonists made pelts so lucrative that the beaver was rapidly overhunted. The volume of the trade fell, from a 1654 high of 3723 pelts to a mere 191 ten years later. With every mortgage, Native people lost more land, although their population recovered and expanded from the old plague.
In a process that historian Lisa Brooks calls "the deed game", colonists acquired an increasing amount of land from Indian tribes through debt, fraudulent purchases and a variety of other methods. Native people began to construct and gather in palisaded “forts”―structures that were not necessary beforehand. These sites were excavated in the 19th and 20th centuries by anthropologists who took cultural objects and human remains and displayed them for years in area museums. With the passage of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) in 1990, a long process of repatriation began.
Tensions between the colonists and surrounding Indian tribes, which had already been poor for some time, continued to deteriorate in the years preceding the outbreak of King Philip's War. Colonial encroachment on Indian lands combined with the decimation of the native population with European diseases led to increasing Native resentment and hostility towards the colonists. Though some Indians became integrated into colonial society, with many being employed in white households, numerous pieces of legislation were passed which prevented Indians from marrying settlers and staying in colonial settlements after dark, while colonists were prevented from living among the Indians.
In 1662, the leader of the Eastern Massachusetts Wampanoag Indian tribe, Wamsutta, died shortly after being questioned at gunpoint by Plymouth colonists. Wamsutta's brother, Chief Metacomet (known to inhabitants of Springfield as "Philip,") began a war against colonial expansion in New England which spread across the region. As the conflict grew in its initial months, colonists throughout Western Massachusetts became deeply concerned with maintaining the loyalty of "their Indians." The Agawams cooperated, even providing valuable intelligence to the colonists.
In August 1675, a group of colonists in Hadley demanded the disarming of a “fort” of Nonotuck Indians. Unwilling to relinquish their weapons, they left on the night of August 25. A hundred colonists pursued them, catching up to them at the foot of Sugarloaf Hill, which was a sacred space for the Nonotucks called the Great Beaver. The colonists attacked, but the Nonotucks forced them to withdraw and were able to keep moving. The shedding of Native blood on sacred land was an attack on their entire kinship network, and caused Native peoples in Western Massachusetts to join the ongoing conflict.
Following the war, the greater part of the Native American population left Western Massachusetts behind. Many refugees of the war joined the Wabanaki in the north, where their descendants remain today. Native American influence remains evident in the land and culture of Western Massachusetts, from the practice of tobacco farming to the names of cities and rivers
In 1777, George Washington and Henry Knox selected Springfield for the site of the fledgling United States' National Armory. Built atop a high bluff overlooking the Connecticut River, Washington and Knox agreed that Springfield provided an ideal location—beside a great river and at the confluence of major rivers and highways. For the following 200 years, the Springfield Armory would bring concentrated prosperity and innovation to Springfield and its surrounding towns.
After the American Revolution, a rebellion led by Daniel Shays culminated in a battle at the National Armory in Springfield.
Geography
Berkshire Mountains
The Berkshires have long been patronized by artists (e.g. Herman Melville, who wrote Moby-Dick while living in Pittsfield; Edith Wharton, who wrote The House of Mirth and Ethan Frome while living in Lenox; and Norman Rockwell, many of whose painting were based on scenes that he observed in the town of Stockbridge). Cultural institutions include Lenox's Tanglewood, Becket's Jacob's Pillow, and Stockbridge's Norman Rockwell Museum, as well the Clark Art Institute in Williamstown. The city of Pittsfield is the largest community located in the Berkshires.
Connecticut River Valley
New England's largest river, the Connecticut, flows through the center of its agricultural valley. Nearly bisected by the Holyoke Range and the Mount Tom Range, this relatively small area contains a number of college towns, urban environments, and rural hamlets. The portion of this valley in Massachusetts is also commonly referred to as the Pioneer Valley.
At its southern tip, the Springfield-Hartford region is home to 29 colleges and universities and over 160,000 university students—the United States' second highest concentration of higher learning institutions after the Boston metropolitan area.
Innovations originating in the valley include the sports of basketball (James Naismith, 1895) and volleyball (William Morgan, 1895); the first American automobile (Duryea, 1893); the first motorcycle company (Indian, 1901); the first use of interchangeable parts in manufacturing (Thomas Blanchard, 1825); and the first commercial radio station, (WBZ, 1920, from Springfield's Kimball Hotel).
Significant Massachusetts towns and cities in the valley's so-called "Knowledge Corridor" include Northampton, Amherst, Easthampton, Holyoke, Chicopee, West Springfield, East Longmeadow, Longmeadow, Ludlow, Agawam, and Westfield.
The Hilltowns
The Hilltowns include the areas of Berkshire, Franklin, Hampshire, and Hampden counties west of and above the escarpment bordering the ancient rift valley through which the Connecticut River flows. Elevations increase from about to at least in the escarpment zone. On top, elevations rise gradually to the west. Williamsburg in Hampshire County and Becket in Berkshire County are prominent hilltowns. Generally, the hilltowns west of the Connecticut River Valley were less attractive for agricultural uses, which resulted in later migration there than, for example, the fertile Connecticut River Valley. Subsistence farming predominated in this area.
The 1,000-foot elevation difference between uplands and the Connecticut River Valley produced streams and rivers with gradients around 40 feet/mile (8 meters/km) flowing through steep-sided valleys, notably the Westfield and Deerfield rivers and their larger tributaries. Mills were built to exploit the kinetic energy of falling water, and mill towns grew up around them, or company towns integrating production, residential and commercial activities.
The development of steam engines to free industrialization from reliance on water power brought about the so-called Second Industrial Revolution when railroads were built along the rivers to take advantage of relatively gentle grades over the Appalachians. And so as hilltop farming towns declined in importance, industrial towns in the river valleys rose to local prominence.
The Quabbin and Quaboag regions
In northern Massachusetts, the higher altitude area to the east of the Connecticut River Valley is known as the North Quabbin region. These northern municipalities include Warwick, Orange, Petersham, Phillipston, Wendell, New Salem, and Athol near the New Hampshire border.
The South Quabbin region (formerly the Swift River Valley) includes the towns of Barre, Belchertown, Pelham, Ware, Hardwick, Leverett, and Shutesbury. This area once included the four "Lost Towns" of Enfield, Dana, Greenwich, and Prescott, which were destroyed to make way for the Quabbin Reservoir.
Farther south, the area called the Quaboag Hills includes Hampden, Monson, Wales, Warren, Holland, and Wilbraham on the Connecticut border. Numerous other towns stretching east towards Worcester are sometimes included in the Quaboag Valley region.
Geology is similar to the Hilltown-Berkshire uplands with resistant metamorphic rocks overlain by thin and rocky soil. With less relief, the river valleys are less pronounced, but still moderately high gradient. The Quaboag Hills and Valley, the Quabbin Regions, and populated places stretching east towards Worcester are all locally known as "Hill Towns"; a term interchangeable with the Hill Towns west of the Pioneer Valley.
Geology
The mountain range in Berkshire County at the western end of Massachusetts is conventionally known as the "Berkshires". Geologically, however, the Berkshires are a westward continuation of uplands west of the Connecticut River and a southern extension of Vermont's Green Mountains.
The Hilltown-Berkshire upland ends at the valley of the Housatonic River which flows south to Long Island Sound, and in the extreme north west of Massachusetts at the Hoosic River, a tributary of the Hudson. From these valleys, uplands to the east appear as a rounded mountain range, rising some although they are actually a plateau. West of the Housatonic-Hoosic valley system rises the narrower Taconic Range along the New York border. Upper tributaries of the Hoosic separate Massachusetts' highest peak, Mount Greylock from both ranges, however Greylock's geology connects it with the Taconics.
Most of this region is a rolling upland of schist, gneiss and other resistant metamorphics with intrusions of pegmatite and granite. Scraping by continental glaciers during the Pleistocene left thin, rocky soil that supported hardscrabble subsistence farming before the Industrial Revolution. There was hardly a land rush into such marginal land, but the uplands were slowly settled by farmers throughout most of the 18th century and organized into townships. Then in the early 1800s better land opened up in Western New York and the Northwest Territory. The hilltown agricultural population went into a long decline and fields began reverting to forest.
The Connecticut River Valley is an ancient downfaulted graben or rift valley that formed during the Mesozoic Era when rifting developed in the Pangaea supercontinent to separate North America from Europe and South America from Africa. Secondary rifts branched off the main crustal fracture, and this one was eventually occupied by the Connecticut River. The Metacomet Ridge is a series of narrow traprock ridges where lava penetrated this rift zone, beginning at the northern end of the graben near Greenfield and extending south across Massachusetts and Connecticut to Long Island Sound. Fossil dinosaur footprints in Holyoke attest to the life present in this region during the Mesozoic.
As continental glaciers receded near the end of the last glacial period, a moraine at Rocky Hill, Connecticut, dammed the river to create Lake Hitchcock, extending northward some inundating places such as Springfield, Agawam, and West Springfield, while certain highlands remained above water, (i.e. sections of Holyoke).
Accumulation of fine sediments during the era of Lake Hitchcock accounts for this region's exceptionally rich agricultural soil, which attracted settlers as early as 1635. Although the Connecticut River Valley's soil is the richest in New England, many of its fields have been covered by urban and suburban development. Regardless, the valley remains New England's most productive farmland. Tobacco, tomatoes, sweet corn, and other vegetables are still produced there in commercial quantities.
Demographics
Berkshire, Franklin, Hampshire and Hampden counties, in the year 2000 collectively had 814,967 residents, a population greater than that of any one of the six smallest U.S. states. The population amounted to approximately 12.84% of the 2000 population of the entire state of Massachusetts, which was 6,349,097. Its average population density is 293.07 inhabitants per square mile (113.16/km2), compared to 422.34/km2 (1,093.87/sq mi) for the rest of Massachusetts, and 312.68/km2 (809.83/sq mi) for the state as a whole.
Western Massachusetts' population is concentrated in the cities and suburbs along the Connecticut River in an urban axis surrounding Springfield that is contiguous with greater Hartford, Connecticut (i.e. the Knowledge Corridor.) A secondary population concentration exists in the Housatonic-Hoosic valley due to the industrial heritage of Pittsfield and North Adams, and the development of tourism throughout that valley. This far-western zone is linked to New York City and Albany, New York, more than with the rest of Massachusetts, however both populated zones are ultimately part of the Northeast megalopolis. The rest of Western Massachusetts is lightly populated, particularly the Hilltowns where densities below 50 persons per square mile (20 per km2) are the rule.
In descending order of size, its largest communities are: Springfield, Chicopee, Pittsfield, Westfield, Holyoke, Northampton, Agawam, West Springfield, Amherst Center (CDP), Easthampton, Longmeadow (CDP), East Longmeadow, North Adams, and Greenfield (CDP).
Economy
Western Massachusetts has been compared as a microcosm of the rest of the United States. The third largest city in Massachusetts, Springfield is situated in the region, and it has struggled financially coming close to bankruptcy at the beginning of the 21st century. The unemployment rate in the area lags behind that of Eastern Massachusetts by double though officials have pushed for ways to lure more longer-term business growth into the region to tap the abundance of students being turned out by colleges and universities in the area. To combat the higher cost of telecommunications which were roughly double that of Eastern Massachusetts, the government of the Commonwealth invested $45.4 Million in building out a broadband network using Federal grant under the 'Massachusetts Technology Park - MassBroadband 123' initiative, funds which were matched by $45 million in federal investment. The 1,200 mile 'middle mile' project was completed in early 2014, connecting public institutions throughout central and western Massachusetts, but also providing a fiber-optic backbone to allow for further expansion in these regions. Building off of that project, the Commonwealth launched a 'Last Mile' initiative targeting 54 communities that were unserved or under-served by broadband. That program has invested in municipal fiber-to-the-home networks, which are also supported by municipal bonds; private provider projects; and advanced wireless projects to connect homes and businesses in these communities. Small, rural towns such as Mount Washington, Mass., now have access to internet speeds that reach 500 megabit per second (Mbps) symmetrical service. In recent years there has been a push for adding high-speed rail from Western Massachusetts for Eastern Massachusetts. The residents of Western Massachusetts have vibrant culture in and support the local mix of arts, tourism, and culture.
Education
The decline of manufacturing as the region's economic engine since World War II—and in particular, since the controversial closing of the Springfield Armory—was counterbalanced in Western Massachusetts by growth in post-secondary education and healthcare.
This created new jobs, land development, and had gentrifying effects in many college towns. State and community-funded schools (e.g., University of Massachusetts Amherst and Westfield State University) were conspicuous in their growth, as were the region's highly regarded liberal arts colleges, including Williams founded 1793, Amherst founded 1821, Mount Holyoke founded 1837, Smith founded 1871, and American International founded 1885.
Despite the gains in higher ed, the region has sought to obtain equitable share of the state's education budget to place into local primary education as well. Several communities in Western Mass have fought to have changes made the Chapter 70 structure which the state presently uses to allocate education funding to cities and towns.
Colleges and universities
Amherst College
American International College
Bard College at Simon's Rock
Bay Path University
Berkshire Community College
Cambridge College
Conway School of Landscape Design
Elms College
Five Colleges Association
Greenfield Community College
Hampshire College
Holyoke Community College
Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts
Mount Holyoke College
Smith College
Springfield College
Springfield Technical Community College
University of Massachusetts Amherst
Westfield State University
Western New England University
Williams College
Government and politics
Western Massachusetts used to be the Republican stronghold in an otherwise heavily Democratic state, but it is now consistently viewed by political analysts as one of the most politically liberal regions in the United States. In 2006 and 2010, the region voted heavily in favor of Democratic gubernatorial candidate Deval Patrick.
In Crash!ng the Party, Ralph Nader includes Western Massachusetts as one of the few places in the country where he believes small-town spirit is still strong. In a 2010 editorial, the Boston Globe berated communities in northern Western Massachusetts for resisting efforts to force consolidation of local school districts. In response, the Franklin County School Committee Caucus released a map that overlaid the county north-to-south over Metro Boston. The overlay reached from Rhode Island in the south to New Hampshire in the north and Framingham in the west.
In 2008 the Office of the Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts opened a local office in Western Massachusetts.
Counties
The western portion of Massachusetts consists approximately of the four counties of Franklin, Hampshire, Hampden and Berkshire. This set of four counties is sometimes regarded as defining Western Massachusetts; for example, the Western Massachusetts Office of the Governor serves residents of these counties. Towns at the western edge of Worcester County, especially those near the Quabbin Reservoir, may be considered to be in western Massachusetts for some purposes; for example, two Worcester County towns have telephone numbers in western Massachusetts's area code 413.
Hampden County, with over half of the population of western Massachusetts, includes the City of Springfield; to the north, Hampshire County contains the college towns of Northampton, Amherst and South Hadley; further north, rural Franklin County borders Vermont and New Hampshire; to the west is Berkshire County, bordering New York, Vermont and Connecticut and the other three counties.
After a number of county governments were eliminated in Massachusetts in the late 1990s (including Franklin, Hampshire, Hampden, Berkshire and Worcester), most county functions were assigned to the state government. The municipalities of Franklin and Hampshire counties then organized two voluntary county-oriented "regional councils of government".
Attitude towards Eastern Massachusetts/Boston
Some residents of Western Massachusetts are critical towards Boston, the state's capital and largest city. This group believes that the Massachusetts legislative and executive branches know little of and care little about Western Massachusetts, which comprises 20% of the total population of the state.
Among the incidents that have created this feeling:
The dismantling, submerging and disincorporation of four Western Massachusetts towns, Prescott, Enfield, Greenwich (formerly in Hampshire County) and Dana (formerly in Worcester County), to build the Quabbin Reservoir that supplies water to Boston. Also disruption of small towns accompanying flood control projects such as Knightville Reservoir and construction of the Massachusetts Turnpike.
Extreme inequities in additional state assistances per capita for Western Massachusetts cities compared with Eastern Massachusetts cities—for example, in 2006, for every $278.66 Boston received, its neighbor Cambridge received $176.37, Greater Boston's westernmost city, Worcester, received $67.50, while the City of Springfield received $12.04 per person.
Former state House Speaker Tom Finneran's use of parliamentary rules to deny Northampton an election to fill a vacant House seat.
Abolishing county governance placed formerly local property and employees under the direct administration of the eastern capital. This also affected representation of low-population/large-land rural towns which previously relied on their county seat in budgeting of road maintenance funding.
Long a haven for small, independent businesses, Western Massachusetts has expressed conflicted feelings towards big box corporations, leading to controversies about zoning changes and variances that would allow companies such as Wal-Mart to build in Western Massachusetts towns. The debate has been particularly strong in northern towns; for example, in Greenfield, Massachusetts.
Transportation
Interstates
U.S. Routes
State highways
Bridges and tunnels
Hoosac Tunnel
Airports
Great Barrington Airport
North Adams Airport
Northampton Airport
Orange Municipal Airport
Pittsfield Municipal Airport
Turners Falls Airport
Westfield-Barnes Regional Airport
Westover Airport
Nearby airports
Logan International Airport in Boston, northeast of downtown Boston, New England's largest transportation center
Worcester Regional Airport in Worcester, Massachusetts
Manchester-Boston Regional Airport in Manchester, New Hampshire
Albany International Airport, West of the Berkshires in upstate New York
Bradley International Airport, South of Springfield in Connecticut
Rail and bus
Amtrak operates three lines through Western Massachusetts. All three stop at Springfield Union Station.
Lake Shore Limited Line: Travels from Chicago, Illinois to Boston: Travels from the capitol in Boston, stops at Springfield-Union, Joseph Scelsi Intermodal Transportation Center (Pittsfield, MA), and service onward to upstate New York towards Buffalo via Albany.
Northeast Regional Travels from Springfield to D.C./Virginia, converges at New Haven, CT into the mainline with the separate-branch from Boston.
Vermonter Line: Travels from Washington, D.C. to Vermont with four stops in Western Massachusetts including: Union-Springfield, Holyoke station, Union-Northampton, John W. Olver Transit Center (Greenfield, MA).
CTRail's Hartford Line started operating to Union Station-Springfield as the northern terminus. Trains operate from New Haven, CT with multiple stops in Connecticut along the way. The New Haven–Springfield Line was upgraded in conjunction with the launch of the Hartford Line service. The project received funding from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the Federal Government, and the State of Connecticut. Amtrak trains on the route between New Haven and Springfield reach speeds of .
Central Corridor Rail Line: A proposed line is under review from New London, CT. This line would also have stations in Western Massachusetts at: Union-Palmer (Palmer, MA); Amherst station; and Millers Falls before reaching Vermont.
The following regional transit suthorities operate in Western Massachusetts:
Berkshire Regional Transit Authority
Franklin Regional Transit Authority
Pioneer Valley Transit Authority (connects with Connecticut Transit Hartford rail)
Leisure activities and places of historical interest
Susan B. Anthony Birthplace Museum
Arrowhead (Herman Melville)
Basketball Hall of Fame
The Big E
Clark Art Institute
The Five Colleges: Amherst College, Hampshire College, Mount Holyoke College, Smith College, and UMass Amherst
Forest Park in Springfield – one of the largest urban parks in the U.S., featuring a zoo and Bright Nights during the holidays
Eric Carle Museum of Picture Book Art
Historic Deerfield
Emily Dickinson Museum: The Homestead and The Evergreens
Jacob's Pillow
MassMoCA
National Yiddish Book Center
The Quadrangle
Dr. Seuss Memorial
The Mount
Norman Rockwell Museum
Tanglewood
Six Flags New England
J. A. Skinner State Park
The Springfield Armory National Park
Springfield, Massachusetts' Club Quarter
Yankee Candle
Shelburne Falls Bridge of Flowers
Shelburne Falls Trolley Museum
Wistariahurst
Outdoor recreation
Appalachian Trail
Ashuwillticook Rail Trail
Bash Bish Falls State Park
Berkshire East Ski Area
The Berkshires
Blandford Ski Area
Bosquet Ski Area
Connecticut River
Deerfield River
Farmington River
Jiminy Peak
Lake Buel
Lake Onota
Mount Everett State Reservation
Mount Greylock
Mount Holyoke
Mount Tom
Otis Reservoir
Pittsfield State Forest
Quabbin Reservoir
Ski Butternut—Great Barrington
Westfield River
See also
Area code 413
Cooperating Colleges of Greater Springfield
Five College Consortium
Geography of Massachusetts
List of counties in Massachusetts
Seven Sisters (colleges)
Citations
General and cited references
Local history blog.
External links
Western Massachusetts Economic Development Council
Western Mass culture, arts, and tourism, Massachusetts Office of Travel and Tourism
Western Massachusetts Map (modern)—YellowMaps
Western Massachusetts 1855 Bowles—Old State Map Reprint—1855 map at Old Maps
Regions of Massachusetts |
To Bed To Battle is the second studio album by indie rock band Look Mexico. It was released on March 23, 2010.
Track listing
"You Stay. I Go. No Following." - 3:41
"No Wonder I'm Still Awake" - 4:38
"Take It Upstairs, Einstein" - 2:56
"I Live My Life a Quarter Mile at a Time" - 3:28
"Until the Lights Burn Out?" - 4:55
"They Offered Me a Deal (I Said No, Naturally)" - 2:41
"Get In There, Brother!" - 2:32
"They Only Take the Backroads" - 3:33
"Time For You to Go Do Your Own Thing" - 2:58
"Just Like Old Times" - 6:51
2010 albums
Look Mexico albums |
Rina Chunga-Kutama is a South African fashion designer and businesswoman. She is the founder of Rich Factory, a Pan-African fashion brand. She was listed as one of the 2018 Forbes Africa under 30 list.
Early years and education
Chungu-Kumata was born in Zambia, grew up in Botswana and is now resident in South Africa. She had her training in fashion at London International School of Fashion (LISOF) in Pretoria.
Career
In 2007, as a means of raising money to support her education, Chungu-Kumata began working on her business while in college, using Zambian prints. She is known to have designed outfits for popular celebrities including Nomzamo Mbatha and Nomuzi Mabena. She has also collaborated with popular brands including Dove, a cosmetic brand and Nestlé. The collection she produced in collaboration with Nestlé was showcased in 2017, during the South African Fashion Week (SAFW).
Personal life
She is married. She is known to have married her long-time beau and now business partner in a heritage themed, Zambia-meets-South-Africa-via-Venda ceremony. The ceremony was dubbed #KutamaFest.
References
Living people
21st-century South African businesswomen
21st-century South African businesspeople
Zambian emigrants to South Africa
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Fudd or Fudds may refer to:
Fear, uncertainty, doubt, and despair (FUDD)
A fuddy-duddy or fudd
Azzi Fudd (born 2003), U.S. basketball player
Elmer Fudd (fictional character), Warner Brothers animated Looney Tunes cartoon hunter
Fudd beer, a fictional beer found in The Simpsons, a competitor to Duff beer
Fuddruckers (Fudds), U.S. fast-casual restaurant chain
Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye (Super Fudd), U.S. Navy aerial radar plane
Grumman E-1 Tracer (Willy Fudd), U.S. Navy aerial radar plane
See also
Fud (disambiguation) |
Thomas Denman, the elder, M.D. (1733–1815) was an English physician. He was the second son of John Denman (or Thomas), an apothecary born at Bakewell, Derbyshire, on 27 June 1733. After a career in naval medicine he made a considerable amount of money in midwifery. The phenomenon of Denman's spontaneous evolution, by which a spontaneous impaction of the shoulder of a foetus resolves a difficult transverse delivery during childbirth, is named after him. He used his authority to support inducing premature labour in cases of narrow pelvis and other conditions in England (where the mother's life is imperiled by delivery at the full-time).
Biography
Denman was educated at Lady Manners School. He came to London in 1753, and began to study medicine at St George's Hospital. He entered the medical service of the Royal Navy as a surgeon's mate, and in 1757 became a surgeon. Attached, till 1763, to the ship HMS Edgar, when, on the conclusion of peace, he left the service. He then continued his medical studies, and attended the lectures on midwifery of Dr. William Smellie, one of the best observers and most original writers on this field of medical study, and to whose instruction the future distinction of Denman was in part due. He graduated from medical training at Aberdeen 13 July 1764, and began practice as a physician at Winchester. He got so little to do that he returned to London and tried to re-enter the navy, but failed to get an appointment. He obtained, however, the post of surgeon to a royal yacht, the duties of which did not often take him away from London, while the retainer of £70 a year was an important addition to his income. He lectured on midwifery, and continued to do so for fifteen years. In 1769 he was elected physician accoucheur to the Middlesex Hospital, and held the post till his large practice forced him to give it up in 1783. In that year he was admitted a licentiate in mid-wifery of the College of Physicians.
In 1791, having accumulated a considerable fortune, he bought a country house at Feltham in Middlesex. He never gave up practice altogether, but limited it to consultations.
He was the first physician whose authority made the practice general in England of inducing premature labour in cases of narrow pelvis and other conditions, in which the mother's life is imperilled by the attempt to deliver at the full-time.
There are three volumes of the Diaries of John Knyveton edited by Ernest Gray, published between 1937 and 1946, that are clearly based on the life of Thomas Denman, although they do not state this.
The first volume has inaccuracies with regards to dates for some events but a quick analysis of the two later volumes reveals that Denman and Knyveton are the same person. Although some of the dates are incorrect, there are fewer inaccuracies than in the first volume.
Family
Denman died at his town house in Mount Street, London, 26 November 1815, and was buried in the St. James' Church in Piccadilly. Thomas had an elder brother who was also a doctor and published a book called Treatise on Buxton Water: he married an heiress. When he died, he left his wealth to Thomas' son. His eldest son, Thomas Denman the younger, became Chief justice of England, while one of his two daughters married Dr. Matthew Baillie, the pathologist, and the other married Sir Richard Croft, M.D. Croft was trained by Denman, and committed suicide in 1817 after losing a princess' child.
Major publications
A Letter to Dr. Richard Huck on the Construction and Method of using Vapour Baths, London, 1768.
Essays on the Puerperal Fever and on Puerperal Convulsions, 1768
An Introduction to the Practice of Midwifery, 1762 which reached a fifth edition in 1805. After his death a sixth (1824) and a seventh edition (1832) were published. These include a biographical sketch: partly autobiography memoir with a posthumous biographical addition, probably written by his son-in-law Dr Baillie and his daughter Mrs Sophia Baillie.
Aphorisms on the Application and Use of the Forceps and Vectis on Preternatural Labours, on Labours attended with Hemorrhage and with Convulsions, 1783. It has had seven English and three American editions, and was translated into French.
On Uterine Hemorrhages depending on Pregnancy and Parturition, 1786
On Preternatural Labours, 1786
On Natural Labours ; 1786
A Collection of Engravings to illustrate the Generation and Parturition of Animals and of the Human Species. 1787
On the Snuffles in Infants in the Medical Journal, 1790. This is the first accurate description of the nasal and laryngeal catarrh of congenital infantile syphilis.
Observations on Rupture of the Uterus,
On the Snuffles in Infants
On Mania Lactea, 1810
Plates of Polypi of the Uterus, 1800
Observations on the Cure of Cancers, 1810.
References
Further reading
Denman style forceps
Colin McCall, Naval Warfare to Natal Care
1733 births
1815 deaths
People from Bakewell
English obstetricians
English medical writers
18th-century English medical doctors
18th-century English non-fiction writers
18th-century English male writers
18th-century English writers
19th-century English non-fiction writers
Thomas
Physician-accoucheurs |
Anthony Eze Enwereuzor is a Nigerian politician and member of the 4th National Assembly representing Aba North/Aba South constituency of Abia State under the flagship of the All Nigeria Peoples Party.
See also
Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Abia
References
People from Abia State
Living people
Igbo politicians
All Nigeria Peoples Party politicians
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Champigny-sur-Veude () is a commune in the Indre-et-Loire department in central France. The castle features in Madame de Lafayette's short novel Histoire de la Princesse de Montpensier (1662).
Population
See also
Communes of the Indre-et-Loire department
References
Communes of Indre-et-Loire |
The Isle of Pines is a book by Henry Neville published in 1668. It has been cited as the first robinsonade before Defoe's work. It is also one of the early Utopian narratives, along with Thomas More's Utopia and Francis Bacon's New Atlantis. An example of arcadian fiction, the book presents its story through an epistolary frame: a "Letter to a friend in London, declaring the truth of his Voyage to the East Indies" written by a fictional Dutchman "Henry Cornelius Van Sloetten," concerning the discovery of an island in the southern hemisphere, populated with the descendants of a small group of castaways.
The book explores the story of these castaways — the British George Pine and four female survivors, who are shipwrecked on an idyllic island. Pine finds that the island produces food abundantly with little or no effort, and he soon enjoys a leisurely existence, engaging in open sexual activity with the four women.
Each of the women gives birth to children, who in turn multiply to produce distinct tribes, by which Pine is seen as the patriarch. One of the women, a black slave girl, gives rise to a tribe called the Phills, who increasingly reject the impositions of laws, rules, and Bible readings which are established in an effort to create some form of social order. Eventually one of the Phills tribe rapes a woman from the Trevor tribe, starting a civil war. At this point some Dutch explorers arrive, bringing with them guns which are used to quell the uprising.
The narrative is written from the viewpoint of the Dutch explorers and begins with their arrival and the discovery of a primitive white English-speaking native race. The explorers discover that the islanders are the grandchildren and great-grandchildren of George Pine, and that in just three generations the islanders have lost the technological and industrial advantage of their British origins. They later discover that they possess an axe which lies blunt and is never sharpened. The island itself is so productive of food and shelter that the islanders leave newborn babies exposed to the elements with no harm.
While the island is bounteous and abundant, the narrative raises questions concerning the morality of idleness and dependence on nature. Questions also exist over the status of the piece as utopian literature; elements of utopian writing are apparent, but there are inversions of the usual pattern. Instead of finding an advanced society from which the travellers can learn, the explorers discover a primitive island race in need of rescue from the threat of civil war. Although the island initially seems a paradise of sexual freedom and idyllic plenty, the story is one of dystopia, a devolution into a primitive and crucially unproductive state. The lack of creativity and industry are heightened by the fact that the islanders themselves reproduce in great numbers, leaving in three generations a large population with no scientific or artistic development.
Ibram X. Kendi writes: "The Isle of Pines was one of the first portrayals in British letters of aggressive hypersexual African femininity. Such portrayals served both to exonerate White men of their inhuman rapes and to mask their human attractions to the supposed beast-like women."
Some critics have pointed to the possibility of Pines deriving from an anagram of penis, alluding to the sexual preoccupation of the early settlers.
The book also has political overtones. Neville was an anti-Stuart republican, and as a political exile he was clearly conscious of the socio-political concerns of the end of the early modern period. The island narrative is framed by the story of the Dutch explorers who are more organized and better equipped than the English voyage of three generations earlier, and who are needed to rescue a small English colonial nation-state from chaos. It is interesting to note that the book was written at the end of the Second Anglo-Dutch War.
See also
Robinsonade
External links
(by W. C. Ford, 1920).
References
Adam R. Beach, "A profound pessimism about the Empire: The Isle of Pines, English degeneracy and Dutch supremacy" (Eighteenth Century 41, 2000), pp. 21–36.
Amy Boesky, "Nation, miscegenation: membering utopia in Henry Neville's The Isle of Pines" (Texas Studies in Literature and Language 37, 1995), pp. 165–84.
Daniel Carey, "Henry Neville's The Isle of Pines: travel, forgery, and the problem of genre" (Angelaki 1:2, 1993/4), pp. 23–39.
Pawel Rutkowski, "Henry Neville's The Isle of Pines: a pronotopia or new Eden?" (Acta Philologica 29, 2003), pp. 21–6.
1668 novels
Novels set on islands
Novels set in the Indian Ocean
17th-century English novels
Utopian novels |
Ptychodon is a genus of small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Charopidae.
Species
Species within the genus Ptychodon include:
Ptychodon schuppi
References
Worldwide Mollusc Species Database
Charopidae
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
Nawab Khan Bahadur Sahibzada Sir Abdul Qayyum Khan KCIE (12 December 1863 – 4 December 1937), hailing from Topi, Swabi District, British India (modern day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan) was an educationist and politician.
Qayyum Khan helped Mortimer Durand during his negotiation of the Durand Line agreement with Afghanistan in 1893. Qayyum Khan became the first Chief Minister of the North-West Frontier Province on 1 April 1937. He is also known for establishing the Islamia College, Peshawar on the mould of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan's policy of educating Muslims.
Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum started his career as a government servant but he eventually turned into an educationist and politician.
Early life
Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum was born on 12 December 1863 into a well-known religious family of Topi. His paternal family traces its lineage back to the Lodhi dynasty.
His maternal family traces their lineage back to Husain ibn Ali.
His paternal grandfather was Sahibzada Qutb-e-Alam (born 1800/01). His father was Sahibzada Abdur Rauf (born 1837/38). Abdur Rauf married his maternal cousin Zainab, daughter of Syed Amir (Kotha Mulla). The couple had four children; three daughters and one son. Two of the daughters died in childhood, while Khair-un-Nisa (born 1860) and Abdul Qayyum survived.
His mother died when he was 3 years old and his father was assassinated by rivals when he was 10 years old.
After the death of his father, he and his sister were brought to Kotha by their maternal uncle, Syed Ahmed Bacha.
He studied at the local madrassah where his uncle was a teacher. He was a bright student and caught the attention of a visiting Christian missionary Reverend Hughes. Rev. Hughes used to come to Kotha for religious discussion and propagation and had befriended Abdul Qayyums' uncles. Sensing that his nephew had more potential, Syed Ahmed Bacha was eventually convinced by Hughes to send him to Peshawar for modern education. Abdul Qayyum was admitted to the Municipal Board Middle School, Peshawar City from where he passed his Vernacular school exam in 1880.
He subsequently gained admission to Edwards Mission High School, where he passed his English middle school examination in 1883. He took the examination for Naib-Tehsildar in September 1886 and passed on his first attempt.
Early career
Due to the non-availability of a Naib Tehsildar post, he applied for training in Settlement Work. He eventually joined the Commissioner's Office and was employed as a Translator and Reader.
In 1887, Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum was appointed Naib Tehsildar. During this time he was part of the Black Mountain expedition of 1888. This was a punitive expedition against certain Hazara clans for unsettled offences, including the murder of several British officers. During the expedition, Abdul Qayyum had the task of sending daily reports to the various government agencies. His work was highly commended and he was awarded a silver medal, 'Hazara 88'.
He was sent to Sialkot in 1890 for settlement training.
He subsequently held several administrative portfolios, i.e., Tehsildar, Chief Political Agent of Hazara, Revenue Assistant and Treasury Officer, Extra Assistant Commissioner, Superintendent of the Commissioner's Vernacular Office, Assistant Political Agent Khyber, 'Assistant Political Agent' of Chitral, and then of Khyber Agency and then promoted to Assistant Political Agent of Khyber, Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), during the period 1891 to 1919.
In the year 1893, during the rule of Amir Abdur Rahman Khan of Afghanistan a Royal Commission for demarcating the Indo-Afghan Boundary, the Durand line between Afghanistan and the British Indian Empire, was set up and the two parties camped at Parachinar, now part of FATA Pakistan, which is near Khost, Afghanistan.
From the British Indian side the camp was Attended by Sir Henry Mortimer Durand and Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum, then Assistant Political Agent Khyber. Afghanistan was represented by Sahibzada Abdul Latif and the Governor Sardar Shireendil Khan representing the King Amir Abdur Rahman Khan.
Political career
In 1921, he went to visit his old friend George Roos-Keppel who was severely ill at the time. He was shown a letter from the British government wanting to appoint Roos as Viceroy of India. Roos had replied that he would accept the position on the condition that Abdul Qayyum be made Chief Commissioner of the North West Frontier Province (NWFP). However, Ross Keppel died shortly afterwards.
In 1924, he was nominated as a non-official member of the Indian Legislative Assembly and remained a member until 1932. In November 1928 he was appointed as a member of a committee to examine the educational conditions in NWFP, Delhi and Ajmer-Merwara. The committee submitted a report in 1930, with an in-depth analysis, general recommendations and specific stress on female education, sanitation and necessary changes in curricula.
He represented NWFP at the Round Table Conferences (India) during 1931-33 period.
The 1st NWFP Legislative Council was established in 1932 and Abdul Qayyum was appointed the first and sole Minister of Transferred Departments. As a consequence of the Government of India Act 1935, the NWFP status was upgraded to a governors' province, hence requiring a separate Legislative Assembly. Following the first elections in NWFP in 1937, no single political party was able to gain a majority. Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum became the first Chief Minister of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa on 1 April 1937. However, this government could not last more than 6 months. Owing to Indian National Congress's opposition who considered him to be the 'spokesman of British imperialism', a vote of no-confidence was passed against him in September 1937. He was replaced by the Congress ministry headed by Dr Khan Sahib. A. Qayyum died 92 days after his ouster from the office on 4 December 1937.
The achievements of his short-lived government included:
Provision of 2.4 million rupees for the Malakand Thermal Power plant
Establishment of a government training school in Peshawar
Special measures were taken for the growth and expansion of educational facilities, especially Islamia College
Removal of ban on political activities in the province, and the cancellation of 1935 administrative circular that made Urdu or English as mandatory language for instruction in government-aided schools
Death
A delegation from Islamia College, headed by the then Principal R.L. Holdsworth came to visit Abdul Qayyum at his residence in Topi on 3 December 1937. They were discussing the Silver Jubilee plans of the college, scheduled for the spring of 1938. After seeing his guests off, while walking back home he became dizzy, vomited and was about to fall down, but was supported by those around him. He was sat down on a chair. He told his kinsmen that the life was ebbing out of his limbs on one side. He soon fell into a coma and died at around 1:30 AM the next morning. It was 3 December and also Eid.
His funeral was held the same day at 4pm and was attended by the Governor of NWFP and many high-ranking officials.
The Eastern Times reported "... He was incomparably the greatest man that the Province had ever produced.".
After the death of Sir A. Qayyum, most of the members of his party (United Muslims Nationalist Party) joined the newly formed All-India Muslim League, electing Sardar Aurang Zeb Khan as its party leader in the assembly.
Monuments
In dedication to his services, there are numerous monuments named after him,
Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum Road in Sector I-8, Islamabad (from Khayaban-e-Johar Metro Station to I-8 Interchange on Islamabad Expressway)
Qayyum Manzil at Islamia College
Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum Khan Road in University Town, Peshawar
Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum Khan Archaeological Museum, Peshawar University
Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum Khan Road in GIKI
References
External links
"Death anniversary of Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum Khan observed on December 4", Radio Pakistan, December 4, 2012
1863 births
1937 deaths
Chief Ministers of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Durand Line
Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
Indian knights
Founders of Indian schools and colleges
All India Muslim League members
Pashtun people
People from Swabi District
Indian educationists
Pakistan Movement activists |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Nodaway County, Missouri.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Nodaway County, Missouri, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 9 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county. Another property was once listed but has been removed.
Current listings
|}
Former listing
|}
See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Missouri
National Register of Historic Places listings in Missouri
References
Nodaway |
is the first studio album by the Japanese metalcore band Hanabie. The album was self released on January 21, 2021.
Track listing
References
2021 albums
Hanabie. albums
Japanese-language albums |
Sandra Suh is an American aid worker deported from North Korea in 2015 on charges of "using her humanitarian status as a cover to gather and produce anti-Pyongyang propaganda."
Humanitarian Efforts
In 1989, Suh founded a California-based organization, Wheat Mission Ministries. In 2005, Wheat Mission Ministries formally established itself as a non-profit organization. The organization provides food aid and medical technology to North Korea. The Korean Central News Agency said that Suh had frequently visited North Korea over the past 20 years.
Deportation
On 8 April 2015, Suh was deported "on charges of using her humanitarian status as a cover to gather and produce anti-Pyongyang propaganda", visiting "under the pretense of humanitarianism", and "secretly taken photos and produced videos that had then been used as "propaganda abroad". KCNA said "the decision to deport rather than detain her had been made "taking into full consideration her old age"".
, US Department of State spokeswoman Marie Harf could not tell why Suh was deported.
See also
List of Americans detained by North Korea
References
Living people
2015 in North Korea
American Protestant missionaries
Female Christian missionaries
American people imprisoned abroad
Date of birth missing (living people)
People from California
Place of birth missing (living people)
Prisoners and detainees of North Korea
South Korean emigrants to the United States
People deported from North Korea
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Waqas Ahmed (born 24 January 1979) is a Pakistani cricketer. He played in 87 first-class and 73 List A matches between 1997 and 2008. He made his Twenty20 debut on 26 April 2005, for Lahore Eagles in the 2004–05 National Twenty20 Cup.
References
External links
1979 births
Living people
Pakistani cricketers
Lahore cricketers
Lahore Eagles cricketers
Lahore Lions cricketers
Redco Pakistan Limited cricketers
Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited cricketers
Water and Power Development Authority cricketers
Cricketers from Lahore |
```xml
import { useState } from 'react';
// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/explicit-function-return-type
export default function useObject<T>(InitialValue?: T) {
const [value, setValue] = useState<T>(InitialValue ?? {} as T);
const updateValue: (Updates: Partial<T>) => void = (Updates: Partial<T>) => setValue((prev) => ({ ...prev, ...Updates }))
return {
value, updateValue, overwriteData: setValue
};
}
``` |
William the Silent or William the Taciturn (; 24 April 153310 July 1584), more commonly known in the Netherlands as William of Orange (), was the leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish Habsburgs that set off the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) and resulted in the formal independence of the United Provinces in 1648. Born into the House of Nassau, he became Prince of Orange in 1544 and is thereby the founder of the Orange-Nassau branch and the ancestor of the monarchy of the Netherlands. In the Netherlands, he is also known as Father of the Fatherland (; ).
A wealthy nobleman, William originally served the Habsburgs as a member of the court of Margaret of Parma, governor of the Spanish Netherlands. Unhappy with the centralisation of political power away from the local estates and with the Spanish persecution of Dutch Protestants, William joined the Dutch uprising and turned against his former masters. The most influential and politically capable of the rebels, he led the Dutch to several successes in the fight against the Spanish. Declared an outlaw by the Spanish king in 1580, he was assassinated by Balthasar Gérard in Delft in 1584.
Early life and education
William was born on 24 April 1533 at Dillenburg Castle in the County of Nassau-Dillenburg, in the Holy Roman Empire (now in Hesse, German Federal Republic). He was the eldest son of Count William I of Nassau-Siegen and his second wife, Countess Juliana of Stolberg. William's father had one surviving daughter by his previous marriage to Walburga of Egmont, and his mother had four surviving children by her previous marriage to Philipp II, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg. His parents had twelve children together, of whom William was the eldest; he had four younger brothers and seven younger sisters. The family was religiously devout and William was raised a Lutheran.
In 1544, William's agnatic first cousin, René of Châlon, Prince of Orange, died in the siege of St Dizier, childless. In his testament, René of Chalon named William the heir to all his estates and titles, including that of Prince of Orange, on the condition that he receive a Roman Catholic education. William's father acquiesced to this condition on behalf of his 11-year-old son, and this was the founding of the House of Orange-Nassau. Besides the Principality of Orange (located today in France) and significant lands in Germany, William also inherited vast estates in the Low Countries (present-day Netherlands and Belgium) from his cousin. Because of William's young age, Emperor Charles V, who was the overlord of most of these estates, served as regent until William was old enough to rule them himself.
William was sent to the Netherlands to receive the required Roman Catholic education, first at the family's estate in Breda and later in Brussels, under the supervision of the Emperor's sister Mary of Hungary, governor of the Habsburg Netherlands (Seventeen Provinces). In Brussels, he was taught foreign languages and received a military and diplomatic education under the direction of Jérôme Perrenot de Champagney, brother of Cardinal de Granvelle.
On 6 July 1551, William married Anna, daughter and heir of Maximiliaan van Egmond, an important Dutch nobleman, a match that had been secured by Charles V. Anna's father had died in 1548, and therefore William became Lord of Egmond and Count of Buren upon his wedding day. The marriage was a happy one and produced three children, one of whom died in infancy. Anna died on 24 March 1558, aged 25, leaving William much grieved.
Career
Imperial favourite
Being a ward of Charles V and having received his education under the tutelage of the Emperor's sister Mary, William came under the particular attention of the imperial family, and became a favourite. He was appointed captain in the cavalry in 1551 and received rapid promotion thereafter, becoming commander of one of the Emperor's armies at the age of 22. This was in 1555, when Charles sent him to Bayonne with an army of 20,000 to take the city in a siege from the French. William was also made a member of the Raad van State, the highest political advisory council in the Netherlands. It was in November of the same year (1555) that the gout-afflicted Emperor Charles leaned on William's shoulder during the ceremony when he abdicated the Low Countries in favour of his son, Philip II of Spain. William was also selected to carry the insignia of the Holy Roman Empire to Charles's brother Ferdinand, when Charles resigned the imperial crown in 1556 and was one of the Spanish signatories for the April 1559 Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis.
In 1559, Philip II appointed William stadtholder (governor) of the provinces of Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht, thereby greatly increasing his political power. A stadtholdership over Franche-Comté followed in 1561.
From politician to rebel
Although he never directly opposed the Spanish king, William soon became one of the most prominent members of the opposition in the Council of State, together with Philip de Montmorency, Count of Hoorn, and Lamoral, Count of Egmont. They were mainly seeking more political power for themselves against the de facto government of Count Berlaymont, Granvelle and Viglius of Aytta, but also for the Dutch nobility and, ostensibly, for the Estates, and complained that too many Spaniards were involved in governing the Netherlands. William was also dissatisfied with the increasing persecution of Protestants in the Netherlands. Brought up as a Lutheran and later a Catholic, William was very religious but was still a proponent of freedom of religion for all people. The activity of the Inquisition in the Netherlands, directed by Cardinal Granvelle, prime minister to the new governor Margaret of Parma (1522–1583, natural half-sister to Philip II), increased opposition to Spanish rule among the then mostly Catholic population of the Netherlands. Lastly, the opposition wished to see an end to the presence of Spanish troops.
According to the Apology, William's letter of justification, which was published and read to the States General in December 1580, his resolve to expel the Spaniards from the Netherlands had originated when, in the summer of 1559, he and the Duke of Alba had been sent to France as hostages for the proper fulfilment of the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis following the Hispano-French war. During his stay in Paris, on a hunting trip to the Bois de Vincennes, King Henry II of France started to discuss with William a secret understanding between Philip II and himself aimed at the violent extermination of Protestantism in France, the Netherlands "and the entire Christian world". The understanding was being negotiated by Alba, and Henry had assumed, incorrectly, that William was aware of it. At the time, William did not contradict the king's assumption, but he had decided for himself that he would not allow the slaughter of "so many honourable people", especially in the Netherlands, for which he felt a strong compassion.
On 25 August 1561, William of Orange married for the second time. His new wife, Anna of Saxony, was described by contemporaries as "self-absorbed, weak, assertive, and cruel", and it is generally assumed that William married her to gain more influence in Saxony, Hesse and the Palatinate. The couple had five children. The marriage used Lutheran rites, and marked the beginning of a gradual change in his religious opinions, which was to lead William to revert to Lutheranism and eventually moderate Calvinism. Still, he remained tolerant of other religious opinions.
Up to this time William's life had been marked by lavish display and extravagance. He surrounded himself with a retinue of young noblemen and dependents and kept open house in his magnificent Nassau palace at Brussels. Consequently, the revenue of his vast estates was not sufficient to prevent him being crippled by debt. But after his return from France, a change began to come over William. Philip made him councillor of state, knight of the Golden Fleece, and stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht, but there was a latent antagonism between the natures of the two men.
Up to 1564, any criticism of governmental measures voiced by William and the other members of the opposition had ostensibly been directed at Granvelle; however, after the latter's departure early that year, William, who may have found increasing confidence in his alliance with the Protestant princes of Germany following his second marriage, began to openly criticise the King's anti-Protestant politics. In August of that year, Philip issued an order for carrying out the decrees of the anti-Protestant Council of Trent. But, in an iconic speech to the Council of State, William to the shock of his audience justified his conflict with Philip by saying that, even though he had decided for himself to keep to the Catholic faith (at the time), he could not agree that monarchs should rule over the souls of their subjects and take from them their freedom of belief and religion.
In early 1565, a large group of lesser noblemen, including William's younger brother Louis, formed the Confederacy of Noblemen. On 5 April, they offered a petition to Margaret of Parma, requesting an end to the persecution of Protestants. From August to October 1566, a wave of iconoclasm (known as the Beeldenstorm) spread through the Low Countries. Calvinists (the major Protestant denomination), Anabaptists, and Mennonites, angered by Catholic oppression and theologically opposed to the Catholic use of images of saints (which in their eyes conflicted with the Second Commandment), destroyed statues in hundreds of churches and monasteries throughout the Netherlands.
Following the Beeldenstorm, unrest in the Netherlands grew, and Margaret agreed to grant the wishes of the Confederacy, provided the noblemen would help to restore order. She also allowed more important noblemen, including William of Orange, to assist the Confederacy, and William went to Antwerp where he succeeded in quelling the riot. In late 1566, and early 1567, it became clear that she would not be allowed to fulfil her promises, and when several minor rebellions failed, many Calvinists and Lutherans fled the country. Following the announcement that Philip II, unhappy with the situation in the Netherlands, would dispatch his loyal general Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba, or Alva (also known as "The Iron Duke"), to restore order, William laid down his functions and retreated to his native Nassau in April 1567. He had been financially involved with several of the rebellions.
After his arrival in August 1567, Alba established the Council of Troubles (known to the people as the Council of Blood) to judge those involved in the rebellion and the iconoclasm. William was one of the 10,000 to be summoned before the council, but he failed to appear. He was subsequently declared an outlaw, and his properties were confiscated. As one of the most prominent and popular politicians of the Netherlands, William of Orange emerged as the leader of armed resistance. He financed the Watergeuzen, refugee Protestants who formed bands of corsairs and raided the coastal cities of the Netherlands (often killing Spanish and Dutch alike). He also raised an army, consisting mostly of German mercenaries, to fight Alba on land. William allied with the French Huguenots, following the end of the second Religious War in France when they had troops to spare. Led by his brother Louis, the army invaded the northern Netherlands in 1568. However, the plan failed almost from the start. The Huguenots were defeated by French royal troops before they could invade, and a small force under Jean de Villers was captured within two days. Villers gave all the plans of the campaign to the Spanish following his capture. On 23 May, the army under the command of Louis won the Battle of Heiligerlee in the northern province of Groningen against a Spanish army led by the stadtholder of the northern provinces, Jean de Ligne, Duke of Arenberg. Arenberg was killed in the battle, as was William's brother Adolf. Alba countered by killing a number of convicted noblemen (including the Counts of Egmont and Hoorn on 6 June), and then by leading an expedition to Groningen. There, he annihilated Louis' forces on German territory in the Battle of Jemmingen on 21 July, although Louis managed to escape. These two battles are now considered to be the start of the Eighty Years' War.
War
In October 1568, William responded by leading a large army into Brabant, but Alba carefully avoided a decisive confrontation, expecting the army to fall apart quickly. As William advanced, disorder broke out in his army, and with winter approaching and money running out, William turned back and crossed into France. William made several more plans to invade in the next few years, but little came of them, since he lacked support and money. He remained popular with the public, in part through an extensive propaganda campaign conducted through pamphlets. One of his most important claims, with which he attempted to justify his actions, was that he was not fighting the rightful ruler of the land, the King of Spain, but only the inadequate rule of the foreign governors in the Netherlands, and the presence of foreign soldiers.
On 22 August 1571, his second wife Anna gave birth to a daughter, named Christina von Dietz, and fathered by Jan Rubens, best known as the father of painter Peter Paul Rubens; Jan Rubens had been sent by Anna's uncle in 1570 to manage her finances. Later that year, William had this marriage legally dissolved on the grounds that Anna was insane.
On 1 April 1572, a group known as the Watergeuzen ("Sea Beggars") captured the city of Brielle, which had been left unattended by the Spanish garrison. Contrary to their normal "hit and run" tactics, they occupied the town and claimed it for the prince by raising the Prince of Orange's flag above the city. This event was followed by other cities opening their gates for the Watergeuzen, and soon most cities in Holland and Zeeland were in the hands of the rebels, notable exceptions being Amsterdam and Middelburg. The rebel cities then called a meeting of the Staten Generaal (which they were technically unqualified to do), and reinstated William as the stadtholder of Holland and Zeeland.
Concurrently, rebel armies captured cities throughout the entire country, from Deventer to Mons. William himself then advanced with his own army and marched into several cities in the south, including Roermond and Leuven. William had counted on intervention from the Huguenots as well, but this plan was thwarted after the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre on 24 August, which signalled the start of a wave of violence against the Huguenots. After a successful Spanish attack on his army, William had to flee and he retreated to Enkhuizen, in Holland. The Spanish then organised countermeasures, and sacked several rebel cities, sometimes massacring their inhabitants, such as in Mechelen or Zutphen. They had more trouble with the cities in Holland, where they took Haarlem after seven months and a loss of 8,000 soldiers, and they had to break off their siege of Alkmaar.
In 1573, William joined the Calvinist Church. He appointed a Calvinist theologian, Jean Taffin (1573–1581) as his court preacher. Taffin was later joined by Pierre Loyseleur de Villiers (1577–1584), who also became an important political advisor to the prince.
In 1574, William's armies won several minor battles, including several naval encounters. The Spanish, led by Don Luis de Zúñiga y Requesens since Philip replaced Alba in 1573, also had their successes. Their decisive victory in the Battle of Mookerheyde in the south east, on the Meuse embankment, on 14 April cost the lives of two of William's brothers, Louis and Henry. Requesens's armies also besieged the city of Leiden. They broke off their siege when nearby dykes were breached by the Dutch. William was content with the victory, and established the University of Leiden, the first university in the Northern Provinces.
William married for the third time on 24 April 1575 to Charlotte de Bourbon-Montpensier, a former French nun, who was also popular with the public, although less so with the Catholic faction. They had six daughters. The marriage, which seems to have been a love match on both sides, was happy.
After failed peace negotiations in Breda in 1575, the war continued. The situation improved for the rebels when Don Requesens died unexpectedly in March 1576, and a large group of Spanish soldiers, not having received their salary in months, mutinied in November of that year and unleashed the "Spanish Fury" on Antwerp, sacking the city in what became a tremendous propaganda coup for the rebels. While the new governor, Don Juan of Austria, was en route, William of Orange got most of the provinces and cities to sign the Pacification of Ghent, in which they declared themselves ready to fight for the expulsion of Spanish troops together. However, he failed to achieve unity in matters of religion. Catholic cities and provinces would not allow freedom for Calvinists.
When Don Juan signed the Perpetual Edict in February 1577, promising to comply with the conditions of the Pacification of Ghent, it seemed that the war had been decided in favour of the rebels. However, after Don Juan took the city of Namur in 1577, the uprising spread throughout the entire Netherlands. Don Juan attempted to negotiate peace, but the prince intentionally let the negotiations fail. On 24 September 1577, he made his triumphal entry into Brussels, the capital. At the same time, Calvinist rebels grew more radical, and attempted to forbid Catholicism in areas under their control. William was opposed to this both for personal and political reasons. He desired freedom of religion, and he also needed the support of the less radical Protestants and Catholics to reach his political goals. On 6 January 1579, several southern provinces, unhappy with William's radical following, signed the Treaty of Arras, in which they agreed to accept their Catholic governor, Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma (who had succeeded Don Juan).
Five northern provinces, later followed by most cities in Brabant and Flanders, then signed the Union of Utrecht on 23 January, confirming their unity. William was initially opposed to the Union, as he still hoped to unite all provinces. Nevertheless, he formally gave his support on 3 May. The Union of Utrecht would later become a de facto constitution, and would remain the only formal connection between the Dutch provinces until 1797.
Declaration of Independence
In spite of the renewed union, the Duke of Parma was successful in reconquering most of the southern part of the Netherlands. Because he had agreed to remove the Spanish troops from the provinces under the Treaty of Arras, and because Philip II needed them elsewhere subsequently, the Duke of Parma was unable to advance any further until the end of 1581.
In March 1580 Philip issued a royal ban of outlawry against the Prince of Orange, promising a reward of 25,000 crowns to any man who would succeed in killing him. William responded with his Apology, a document (in fact written by Villiers) in which his course of actions was defended, the person of the Spanish king viciously attacked, and his own Protestant allegiance restated.
In the meantime, William and his supporters were looking for foreign support. The prince had already sought French assistance on several occasions, and this time he managed to gain the support of Francis, Duke of Anjou, brother of King Henry III of France. On 29 September 1580, the Staten Generaal (with the exception of Zeeland and Holland) signed the Treaty of Plessis-les-Tours with the Duke of Anjou. The Duke would gain the title "Protector of the Liberty of the Netherlands" and become the new sovereign. This, however, required that the Staten Generaal and William renounce their formal support of the King of Spain, which they had maintained officially up to that moment.
On 22 July 1581, the Staten Generaal declared that they no longer recognised Philip II of Spain as their ruler, in the Act of Abjuration. This formal declaration of independence enabled the Duke of Anjou to come to the aid of the resisters. He did not arrive until 10 February 1582, when he was officially welcomed by William in Flushing. On 18 March, the Spaniard Juan de Jáuregui attempted to assassinate William in Antwerp. Although William suffered severe injuries, he survived thanks to the care of his wife Charlotte and his sister Mary. While William slowly recovered, Charlotte became exhausted from providing intensive care and died on 5 May. The Duke of Anjou was not very popular with the population. The provinces of Zeeland and Holland refused to recognise him as their sovereign, and William was widely criticised for what was called his "French politics". When Anjou's French troops arrived in late 1582, William's plan seemed to pay off, as even the Duke of Parma feared that the Dutch would now gain the upper hand.
However, Anjou himself was displeased with his limited powers and secretly decided to seize Antwerp by force. The citizens, who had been warned in time, ambushed Anjou and his troops as they entered the city on 18 January 1583,
in what is known as the "French Fury". Almost all of Anjou's men were killed, and he was reprimanded by both Catherine de Medici and Elizabeth I of England (whom he had courted). Anjou's position became untenable, and he subsequently left the country in June. His departure discredited William, who nevertheless maintained his support for Anjou. William stood virtually alone on this issue and became politically isolated. Holland and Zeeland nevertheless maintained him as their stadtholder and attempted to declare him count of Holland and Zeeland, thus making him the official sovereign. In the middle of all this, William married for the fourth and final time on 12 April 1583 to Louise de Coligny, a widowed French Huguenot and daughter of Gaspard de Coligny. She was to be the mother of Frederick Henry (1584–1647), William's fourth legitimate son. With her, "Father William", as he was affectionately styled, settled at the Prinsenhof at Delft, and lived like a simple Dutch burgher.
Death
The Burgundian Catholic Balthasar Gérard (born 1557) was a subject and supporter of Philip II, and regarded William of Orange as a traitor to the king and to the Catholic religion. In 1581, when Gérard learned that Philip II had declared William an outlaw and promised a reward of 25,000 crowns for his assassination, he decided to travel to the Netherlands to kill William. He served in the army of the governor of Luxembourg, Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort, for two years, hoping to get close to William when the armies met. This never happened, and Gérard left the army in 1584. He went to the Duke of Parma to present his plans, but the Duke was unimpressed. In May 1584, he presented himself to William as a French nobleman, and gave him the seal of the Count of Mansfelt. This seal would allow forgeries of the messages of Mansfelt to be made. William sent Gérard back to France to pass the seal on to his French allies.
Gérard returned in July, having bought two wheel-lock pistols on his return journey. On 10 July, he made an appointment with William of Orange in his home in Delft, the Prinsenhof. That day, William was having dinner with his guest Rombertus van Uylenburgh. After William left the dining room and walked downstairs, van Uylenburgh heard Gérard shoot William in the chest at close range. Gérard fled immediately.
According to official records, William's last words were:
Gérard was caught before he could escape Delft, and was imprisoned. He was tortured before his trial on 13 July, where he was sentenced to an execution brutal even by the standards of that time. The magistrates decreed that the right hand of Gérard should be burned off with a red-hot iron, that his flesh should be torn from his bones with pincers in six different places, that he should be quartered and disembowelled alive, that his heart should be torn from his chest and flung in his face, and that, finally, his head should be cut off.
William was the first head of state to be assassinated by handgun. (The Scottish Regent Moray had been shot 13 years earlier in the first firearm assassination of a head of government.)
Burial and tomb
Traditionally, members of the Nassau family were buried in Breda, but as that city was under royal control when William died, he was buried in the New Church in Delft. The monument on his tomb was originally very modest, but it was replaced in 1623 by a new one, made by Hendrik de Keyser and his son Pieter.
Since then, most of the members of the House of Orange-Nassau, including all Dutch monarchs, have been buried in the same church. His great-grandson William III and II, King of England, Scotland and Ireland, and Stadtholder in the Netherlands, was buried in Westminster Abbey.
Legacy
Succession and family ties
Philip William, William's eldest son by his first marriage, to Anna of Egmond, succeeded him as the Prince of Orange. However, as Philip William was a hostage in Spain and had been for most of his life, his brother Maurice of Nassau was appointed Stadholder and Captain-General at the suggestion of Johan van Oldenbarneveldt, and as a counterpoise to the Earl of Leicester. Phillip William died in Brussels on 20 February 1618 and was succeeded by his half-brother Maurice, the eldest son by William's second marriage, to Anna of Saxony, who became Prince of Orange. A strong military leader, he won several victories over the Spanish. Van Oldenbarneveldt managed to sign a very favourable twelve-year armistice in 1609, although Maurice was unhappy with this. Maurice was a heavy drinker and died on 23 April 1625 from liver disease. Maurice had several sons by Margaretha van Mechelen, but he never married her. So, Frederick Henry, Maurice's half-brother (and William's youngest son from his fourth marriage, to Louise de Coligny) inherited the title of Prince of Orange. Frederick Henry continued the battle against the Spanish. Frederick Henry died on 14 March 1647 and is buried with his father William "The Silent" in Nieuwe Kerk, Delft. The Netherlands became formally independent after the Peace of Münster in 1648.
The son of Frederick Henry, William II of Orange succeeded his father as stadtholder, as did his son, William III of Orange. The latter also became king of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1689. Although he was married to Mary II, Queen of Scotland and England for 17 years, he died childless in 1702. He appointed his cousin Johan Willem Friso (William's great-great-great-grandson) as his successor. Because Albertine Agnes, a daughter of Frederick Henry, married William Frederik of Nassau-Dietz, the present royal house of the Netherlands is descended from William the Silent through the female line. See House of Orange for a more extensive overview. As the chief financer and political and military leader of the early years of the Dutch revolt, William is considered a national hero in the Netherlands, even though he was born in Germany, and usually spoke French.
In the 19th century the Netherlands became a constitutional monarchy, currently with King Willem-Alexander as head of state: he has cognatic descent from William of Orange. All stadtholders after William of Orange were drawn from his descendants or the descendants of his brother.
Many of the Dutch national symbols can be traced back to William of Orange:
He is the ancestor of the Dutch monarchy
The flag of the Netherlands (red, white and blue) is derived from the flag of the prince, which was orange, white and blue.
The coat of arms of the Netherlands is based on that of William of Orange. Its motto Je maintiendrai (French, "I will maintain") was also used by William, who based it on the motto of his cousin René of Châlon, who used Je maintiendrai Châlon.
The national anthem of the Netherlands, the Wilhelmus, was originally a propaganda song for William. It was probably written by Philips of Marnix, Lord of Saint-Aldegonde, a supporter of him.
The national colour of the Netherlands is orange, and it is used, among other things, in the clothing of Dutch athletes.
The Prussian Order of the Black Eagle, founded by Frederick I of Prussia in 1702, had an orange sash in honour of his mother, Louise Henriette of Nassau, who was the granddaughter of William the Silent.
Other remembrances of William of Orange:
A statue of William the Silent was erected in 1928 on the main campus of Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, a legacy of the university's founding by ministers of the Dutch Reformed Church in 1766. The statue is commonly known to students and alumni as "Willie the Silent" and contains an inscription referring to William as "Father of his Fatherland".
In January 2008, the asteroid 12151 Oranje-Nassau was named after him.
Epithet
There are several explanations for the origin of the style, "William the Silent". The most common one relates to his prudence in regard to a conversation with Henry II, the king of France.
One day, during a stag-hunt in the Bois de Vincennes, Henry, finding himself alone with the Prince, began to speak of the great number of Protestant sectaries who, during the late war, had increased so much in his kingdom to his great sorrow. His conscience, said the King, would not be easy nor his realm secure until he could see it purged of the "accursed vermin," who would one day overthrow his government, under the cover of religion, if they were allowed to get the upper hand. This was the more to be feared since some of the chief men in the kingdom, and even some princes of the blood, were on their side. But he hoped by the grace of God and the good understanding that he had with his new son, the King of Spain, that he would soon get the better of them. The King talked on thus to Orange in the full conviction that he was aware of the secret agreement recently made with the Duke of Alba for the extirpation of heresy. But the Prince, subtle and adroit as he was, answered the good King in such a way as to leave him still under the impression that he, the Prince, knew all about the scheme proposed by Alba; and on this understanding the King revealed all the details of the plan which had been arranged between the King of Spain and himself for the rooting out and rigorous punishment of the heretics, from the lowest to the highest rank, and in this service the Spanish troops were to be mainly employed.
Exactly when and by whom the nickname "the Silent" was used for the first time is not known with certainty. It is traditionally ascribed to Cardinal de Granvelle, who is said to have referred to William as "the silent one" sometime during the troubles of 1567. Both the nickname and the accompanying anecdote are first found in a historical source from the early 17th century.
In the Netherlands, William is known as the Vader des Vaderlands, "Father of the Fatherland", and the Dutch national anthem, the Wilhelmus, was written in his honour.
Popular culture
This proverb is often attributed to William, but it has not been found in his written texts, and it is also attributed to William II, William III and Charles the Bold.
He is featured as a playable leader in the computer strategy game series Civilization, appearing in Civilization III: Conquests, Civilization IV: Beyond the Sword, and Civilization V: Gods & Kings.
A Dutch YouTube channel called Studio Massa has a series of videos featuring him as a rapper who goes by the artistic name of Stille Willem. The most famous of such videos are Fijn Uitgedoste Barbaar (Finely Clothed Barbarian) and Specerijen (Spices).
Personal life
First marriage
On 6 July 1551, the 18-year-old William married Anna van Egmond en Buren, aged 18 and the wealthy heiress to the lands of her father. William thus gained the titles Lord of Egmond and Count of Buren. The couple had a happy marriage and became the parents of three children together; their son Philip William would succeed William as prince. Anna died on 24 March 1558, leaving William much grieved.
A couple of years after Anna's death, William had a brief relationship with Eva Elincx, a commoner, leading to the birth of an illegitimate son, Justinus van Nassau: William officially recognised Justinus as his son and took responsibility for his education – Justinus would become an admiral in adult life.
Second marriage
On 25 August 1561, William of Orange married for the second time. His new wife, Anna of Saxony, was tumultuous, and it is generally assumed that William married her to gain more influence in Saxony, Hesse and the Palatinate. The couple had two sons and three daughters. One of the sons died in infancy and the other son, the famous Maurice of Nassau, who was to eventually succeed his father as stadtholder, never married. Anna died after Willem renounced her and her own family imprisoned her in one of their castles. The cause was due to the accusation that she committed adultery with the lawyer Jan Rubens, and became pregnant by him, giving birth to a daughter. Before her death Willem had already announced his third marriage, which drew the disapproval of her family who argued that, despite the adultery, the two were still married.
Third marriage
William married for the third time on 12 June 1575 to Charlotte de Bourbon-Montpensier, a former French nun, who was also popular with the public. They had six daughters. The marriage, which seems to have been a love match on both sides, was happy. Charlotte allegedly died from exhaustion while trying to nurse her husband after an assassination attempt in 1582. Though William was outwardly stoical, it was feared that his grief might cause a fatal relapse. Charlotte's death was widely mourned.
Fourth marriage
William married for the fourth and final time on 12 April 1583 to Louise de Coligny, a French Huguenot and daughter of Gaspard de Coligny. She was to be the mother of Frederick Henry (1584–1647), William's fourth legitimate son and fifteenth legitimate child. This youngest of William's children, who was born only a few months before William's death, was to be the only one of his sons to bear children and carry the dynasty forward. Incidentally, Frederick Henry's only male-line grandson, William III, would become king of England, Scotland and Ireland, but he would die childless, at which point the lineage of William the Silent would end, to be succeeded by that of his brother John VI.
Issue
Between his first and second marriages, William had a common law relationship with Eva Elincx. They had a son, Justinus van Nassau (1559–1631), whom William acknowledged.On 4 December 1597 Justinus van Nassau married Anne, Baronesse de Mérode (9 January 1567 – Leiden, 8 October 1634) and had three children.
Coats of arms and titles
A noble's power was generally based on his ownership of vast tracts of land and lucrative offices. Besides being ruler over the principality of Orange and a Knight of the Golden Fleece, William possessed other estates, mostly enfeoffed to some other sovereign, either the King of France or the imperial Habsburgs. As holder of these fiefs, he was inter alia:
Marquis of Veere and Vlissingen
Count of Nassau-Dillenburg, Katzenelnbogen, and Vianden
Viscount of Antwerp
Baron of Breda, Lands of Cuijk, City of Grave, Diest, Herstal, Warneton, Beilstein, Arlay, and Nozeroy; Lord of Dasburg, Geertruidenberg, Hooge en Lage Zwaluwe, Klundert, Montfort, Naaldwijk, Niervaart, Polanen, Steenbergen, Willemstad, Bütgenbach, Sankt Vith, and Besançon
William used two sets of arms in his lifetime. The first one shown below was his ancestral arms of Nassau. The second arms he used most of his life from the time he became Prince of Orange on the death of his cousin René of Châlon. He placed the arms of Châlon-Arlay as princes of Orange as an inescutcheon on his father's arms. In 1582, William purchased the marquisate of Veere and Vlissingen in Zeeland. It had been the property of Philip II since 1567, but had fallen into arrears to the province. In 1580, the Court of Holland ordered it sold. William bought it as it gave him two more votes in the States of Zeeland. He owned the government of the two towns, and so could appoint their magistrates. He already had one as First Noble for Philip William, who had inherited Maartensdijk. This made William the predominant member of the States of Zeeland. It was a smaller version of the countship of Zeeland (and Holland) promised to William, and was a potent political base for his descendants. William then added the shield of Veere and Buren to his arms as shown in the third coat of arms below. It shows how arms were used to represent political power in general, and the growing political power of William.
Ancestry
See also
List of monarchs of the Netherlands
Notes
References
Petrus Johannes Blok, "History of the people of the Netherlands". New York: G. P. Putnam's sons, 1898.
Herbert H. Rowen, The princes of Orange: the stadholders in the Dutch Republic. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
Jardine, Lisa. The Awful End of William the Silent: The First Assassination of a Head of State with A Handgun. London: HarperCollins: 2005: ; John Lothrop Motley, "The Rise of the Dutch Republic". New York: Harper & Brothers, 1855.
John Lothrop Motley, "History of the United Netherlands from the Death of William the Silent to the Synod of Dort". London: John Murray, 1860.
John Lothrop Motley, "The Life and Death of John of Barnevelt". New York & London: Harper and Brothers Publishing, 1900.
van der Lem, Anton. 1995. De Opstand in de Nederlanden 1555–1609. Utrecht: Kosmos. .
Various authors. 1977. Winkler Prins – Geschiedenis der Nederlanden. Amsterdam: Elsevier. .
Wedgwood, Cicely. 1944. William the Silent: William of Nassau, Prince of Orange, 1533–1584.
External links
The Revolt of the Netherlands
Het Huis van Oranje-Nassau en de Nederlandse geschiedenis
Willem van Oranje. Dutch history website
The Complete Correspondence of William I of Orange. Digital archive by the Huygens Institute for Dutch History
1533 births
1584 deaths
People from Dillenburg
Assassinated Dutch politicians
Burials in the Royal Crypt at Nieuwe Kerk, Delft
Counts in Germany
Deaths by firearm in the Netherlands
Dutch Protestants
Dutch rebels
Stadtholders in the Low Countries
German people of the Eighty Years' War
Knights of the Golden Fleece
Leiden University
Lords of Breda
Modern child monarchs
People murdered in the Netherlands
People of the French Wars of Religion
Princes of Orange
House of Nassau
House of Orange-Nassau
16th-century rebels
16th-century assassinated politicians
16th-century governors
Stadtholders of Frisia |
"Booyah" is a song by the Dutch record producer duo Showtek featuring co-production by Dutch record producers We are Loud and vocals by Dutch singer Sonny Wilson. It was released on 19 August 2013, through Spinnin' Records, and re-released on 18 October 2013 in collaboration with Polydor Records. The new version was adapted for radio and includes a drum and bass section. It entered the UK Singles Chart at number 5, making it the first Showtek release to chart in the UK, on 27 October 2013. A remix EP featuring Lucky Date and Cash Cash's remixes among others was released on 8 November 2013. "Booyah" is an electro-house song with reggae influences and a drum and bass section.
Music video
A music video to accompany the release of "Booyah" was first released onto YouTube on 17 September 2013 at a total length of four minutes and thirteen seconds. The video was taken in Muswell Hill, Crouch End and Finsbury Park, as well as on the London Underground and a London double-decker bus on route W7.
Sonny Wilson
Sonny Wilson is a Dutch singer-songwriter, who has influences of reggae and reggae fusion. As well as this song, Wilson has only had one other major collaboration, being featured on David Guetta's "Sun Goes Down". It also features Canadian reggae fusion/pop group MAGIC!, and also has co-production by Showtek, which makes it Wilson's second collaboration with them.
Track listing
Chart performance
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Release history
In popular culture
"Booyah" was the 2014–15 Philadelphia Flyers Goal Song. The Cleveland Browns used "Booyah" as their touchdown song for the 2016 season.
Vancouver Canucks forward Jannik Hansen used "Booyah" as his personalized goal song beginning in 2015-16.
The song had been used by the Halifax Thunderbirds during their inaugural 2019-20 NLL season.
References
2013 singles
Showtek songs
Spinnin' Records singles
2013 songs
Reggae fusion songs |
was the art-name of a Japanese painter in the Nihonga style, active during the Taishō and early Shōwa eras. His birth name was .
Biography
He was born on Sado island in Niigata Prefecture into a wealthy and influential family. His younger brother was the noted philosopher Tsuchida Kyōson (1891-1934). As an adolescent, Bakusen's father put him on the career path of a Buddhist priest, but he fled the temple where he was apprenticed in order to study art instead. He was accepted as a student by painter Takeuchi Seihō, and later studied at the Kyoto Kaiga Senmon Gakko (present day Kyoto City University of Arts) from which he graduated in 1911.
In 1918, Bakusen established a painting collective together with Murakami Kagaku, Ono Chikkyō, Sakakibara Shihō, and Nonagase Banka called the Kokuga Society (Kokuga Sōsaku Kyōkai, or "Society for the Creation of National Painting"), which was used as a vehicle to disseminate the group's eclectic style combining western yōga and Japanese (Nihonga) painting techniques and styles. His favorite subjects were women (bijinga), especially portraits of maiko, but he also painted flowers and still life themes. The Kokuga Society established its own annual exhibition, the Kokuten (abbreviation for "Kokuga Sōsaku Kyōkai Tenrankai") in competition with the increasingly restrictive Bunten Exhibitions in 1918. Seven Kokuten exhibitions were held between 1918 and 1928.
In 1921, the Kokuga Society went on hiatus when Bakusen traveled to Europe with Ono Chikkyō to tour Western art museums. They returned after a little more than a year, and resumed the Kokuga Society in 1923. Bakusen was particularly fond of French Impressionism and post-impressionism, especially the works of Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh and Paul Cézanne, and collected several of their works while in Europe. The Kokuga Society broke up in 1928, due to financial difficulties and internal disagreements. In 1934, Bakusen was appointed to the Teikoku Bijutsuin (Imperial Art Academy). He died in June 1936 of pancreatic cancer. His grave is at the temple of Chishaku-in in Kyoto.
One of his works from 1918, , now at the Tokyo National Museum of Modern Art is registered as an Important Cultural Property (ICP) by the Agency for Cultural Affairs. However, his painting from 1923, owned by the same museum, is considered his masterpiece.
Philately
One of Bakusen's works was selected as the subject of a commemorative postage stamp by the Japanese government:
1979: Bugirinsen, commemorating the 1968 Philatelic Week
Noted works
, 1912, Tokyo National Museum of Modern Art
, 1918, Tokyo National Museum of Modern Art
, 1924, Tokyo National Museum of Modern Art
, 1927, Kyoto National Museum of Modern Art
Gallery
References
Conant, Ellen P., Rimer, J. Thomas, Owyoung, Stephen. Nihonga: Transcending the Past: Japanese-Style Painting, 1868-1968. Weatherhill (1996).
Szostak, John D. Painting Circles: Tsuchida Bakusen and Nihonga Collectives in Early Twentieth Century Japan. Brill (2013).
External links
Biography and example from Adachi Art Museum
1887 births
1936 deaths
Kyoto City University of Arts alumni
Nihonga painters
People from Sado, Niigata
20th-century Japanese painters |
Orla Hav (born 3 April 1952 in Nørresundby) is a Danish politician, who is a member of the Folketing for the Social Democrats political party. He was elected into parliament at the 2007 Danish general election. He has previously acted as regional council chairman of the North Jutland Region.
Personal life
Hav was born on 3 April 1952 in Nørresundby, the son of Kristian Josefsen Hav and Lilly Hav. After graduation he continued his education in Aalborg College of Education from 1972 to 1976 to be a primary school teacher.
Political career
Throughout his life he was involved with various organisations. He has been an active member of the Social Democratic Party since 1965 and North Jutland's County Council since 1983. He was a Member of the Regional Council in North Denmark Region (2006-2007) and Chairman of the Preparatory Committee (2006). He contested the general election in 2007 and won in North Jutland constituency with 29,192 votes, fifth on the list of parliamentary candidates for most votes.
Hav was reelected in the 2011, 2015 and 2019 elections.
External links
References
1952 births
Living people
People from Nørresundby
21st-century Danish educators
Social Democrats (Denmark) politicians
Members of the Folketing 2007–2011
Members of the Folketing 2011–2015
Members of the Folketing 2015–2019
Members of the Folketing 2019–2022 |
Acaulospora longula is a species of fungus in the family Acaulosporaceae. It forms arbuscular mycorrhiza and vesicles in roots. Found in Colombia in soil with native grasses, the species was described as new to science in 1984.
References
Diversisporales
Fungi of Colombia
Fungi described in 1984 |
George W. Barbier (November 19, 1864 – July 19, 1945) was an American stage and film actor who appeared in 88 films.
Early life and education
Barbier was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He entered the Crozer Theological Seminary in Upland, Pennsylvania to study for the ministry but gave it up to go on the stage.
Career
Barbier began his career in light opera and spent several years in repertory and stock companies. He eventually played on Broadway, where he appeared in seven productions between 1922 and 1930, among them The Hunchback of Notre Dame, The Front Page and The Man Who Came Back.
He signed a contract with Paramount Pictures in 1929 and later worked as a character actor for most of the major studios. His first film was The Big Pond (1930). The weighty, white-haired Barbier often played pompous, but mostly kind-hearted businessmen or patriarchs in supporting roles. George Barbier appeared in 88 films until his death in 1945.
Personal life
Barbier married Caroline "Carrie" Thatcher (June 1868, Pennsylvania – June 8, 1939), a stage actress; theirs was reportedly "one of the most successful marriages in Hollywood."
Barbier was originally interred at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery in Los Angeles, California but was disinterred and reburied in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Complete filmography
The Big Pond (1930) as Mr. Billings
The Sap from Syracuse (1930) as Senator Powell
The Smiling Lieutenant (1931) as King Adolf XV
24 Hours (1931) as Hector Champion
Girls About Town (1931) as Webster
Touchdown (1931) as Jerome Gehring
No One Man (1932) as Alfred Newbold
Strangers in Love (1932) as Mr. Merrow
One Hour with You (1932) as Police Commissioner
The Broken Wing (1932) as Luther Farley
The Strange Case of Clara Deane (1932) as Richard Ware
Million Dollar Legs (1932) as Mr. Baldwin
Skyscraper Souls (1932) as Charlie Norton
Madame Racketeer (1932) as Warden George Waddell (uncredited)
The Phantom President (1932) as Boss Jim Ronkton
The Big Broadcast (1932) as Clapsaddle
Evenings for Sale (1932) as Henrich Fischer
No Man of Her Own (1932) as Mr. Randall
Hello, Everybody! (1933) as Mr. Blair
A Lady's Profession (1933) as James Garfield
Under the Tonto Ridge (1933) as Weston
A Bedtime Story (1933) as Toy Seller
Sunset Pass (1933) as Judge
Mama Loves Papa (1933) as Mr. Kirkwood
Turn Back the Clock (1933) as Pete Evans
This Day and Age (1933) as Judge Michael Maguire
Love, Honor, and Oh Baby! (1933) as Jasper B. Ogden
Tillie and Gus (1933) as Captain Fogg
Miss Fane's Baby Is Stolen (1934) as MacCready
Journal of a Crime (1934) as Chautard
Many Happy Returns (1934) as Horatio Allen
The Cat's-Paw (1934) as Jake Mayo
Elmer and Elsie (1934) as John Kincaid
Ladies Should Listen (1934) as Joseph Flamberg
She Loves Me Not (1934) as J. Thorval Jones
The Merry Widow (1934) as King Achmed II
College Rhythm (1934) as John P. Stacey
McFadden's Flats (1935) as Mr. Hall
Life Begins at 40 (1935) as Colonel Joseph Ambercrombie
Hold 'Em Yale (1935) as Mr. Van Cleve
Broadway Gondolier (1935) as Music Critic Hayward
Old Man Rhythm (1935) as John Roberts Sr.
The Crusades (1935) as Sancho, King of Navarre
Hollywood Extra Girl (1935, Documentary Short) (uncredited)
Here Comes Cookie (1935) as Harrison Allen
Millions in the Air (1935) as Calvin Keller
The Milky Way (1936) as Wilbur Austin
The Preview Murder Mystery (1936) as Jerome Hewitt
Wife vs. Secretary (1936) as J. D. Underwood
The Princess Comes Across (1936) as Captain Nichols
Early to Bed (1936) as Horace Stanton
Spendthrift (1936) as Uncle Morton Middleton
Three Married Men (1936) as Mr. Carey
On the Avenue (1937) as Commodore Caraway
Waikiki Wedding (1937) as J. P. Todhunter
Hotel Haywire (1937) as I. Ketts
It's Love I'm After (1937) as William West
A Girl with Ideas (1937) as John Morton
Tarzan's Revenge (1938) as Roger Reed
The Adventures of Marco Polo (1938) as Kublai Khan
Hold That Kiss (1938) as Mr. Piermont
Little Miss Broadway (1938) as Fiske
My Lucky Star (1938) as George Cabot Sr.
Hold That Co-ed (1938) as Major Hubert Breckenridge
Straight, Place and Show(1938) as Mr. Drake
Sweethearts (1938) as Benjamin Silver
Thanks for Everything (1938) as Joe Raines
Wife, Husband and Friend (1939) as Major Blair
S.O.S. Tidal Wave (1939) as Uncle Dan Carter
News Is Made at Night (1939) as Clanahan
Smuggled Cargo (1939) as C.P. Franklin
Remember? (1939) as Mr. McIntyre
Village Barn Dance (1940) as Uncle Si
The Return of Frank James (1940) as Judge
Repent at Leisure (1941) as Robert Cornelius 'R.C,' Baldwin
Million Dollar Baby (1941) as Marlin
Sing Another Chorus (1941) as Arthur Peyton
Week-End in Havana (1941) as Walter McCracken
Marry the Boss's Daughter (1941) as J. W. Barrett
The Man Who Came to Dinner (1942) as Dr. E. Bradley
Song of the Islands (1942) as Jefferson Harper Sr.
Yankee Doodle Dandy (1942) as A. L. Erlanger
The Magnificent Dope (1942) as James Roger Barker
Thunder Birds (1942) as Col. Cyrus P. 'Gramps' Saunders
Hello, Frisco, Hello (1943) as Col. Weatherby (uncredited)
Week-End Pass (1944) as Commander "Paps' Bradley
Her Lucky Night (1945) as J.L. Wentworth
Blonde Ransom (1945) as Uncle William Morrison (final film role)
References
External links
1864 births
1945 deaths
American male film actors
American male stage actors
20th-century American male actors
Male actors from Philadelphia
Crozer Theological Seminary alumni |
Pheloconus is a genus of beetles in the family Curculionidae. There are at least three described species in Pheloconus.
Species
P. cribricollis (Say, 1831)
P. hispidus (LeConte, 1876)
P. infector (Boheman, 1845)
References
Citations
Sources
Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel A., and Christopher H. C. Lyal (1999). A World Catalogue of Families and Genera of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) (Excepting Scotylidae and Platypodidae), 315.
Poole, Robert W., and Patricia Gentili, eds. (1996). "Coleoptera". Nomina Insecta Nearctica: A Check List of the Insects of North America, vol. 1: Coleoptera, Strepsiptera, 41-820.
Further reading
Arnett, R. H. Jr., M. C. Thomas, P. E. Skelley and J. H. Frank. (eds.). (21 June 2002). American Beetles, Volume II: Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, Florida .
Richard E. White. (1983). Peterson Field Guides: Beetles. Houghton Mifflin Company.
Molytinae |
Long John Silver, also known as Long John Silver's Return to Treasure Island, is a 1954 American-Australian adventure film about the eponymous pirate Long John Silver, with Robert Newton repeating his starring role from Walt Disney's 1950 feature Treasure Island. Newton's billing in the opening credits states, "Robert Newton as Robert Louis Stevenson's immortal", followed by the title Long John Silver.
Kit Taylor plays Jim Hawkins, Connie Gilchrist is Purity Pinker, Lloyd Berrell is Capt. Mendoza, Kit Taylor's father Grant Taylor plays Patch and 24-year-old Rod Taylor, credited under his early stage name, Rodney Taylor, has the showy role of the blind bearded pirate Israel Hands who murderously pursues Jim.
The film was shot in CinemaScope and color at Sydney's Pagewood Studios and the same company went on to make The Adventures of Long John Silver, a 26-episode TV series with the same actors. The director, Byron Haskin, also directed the 1950 Disney film and at least one episode of the TV series.
Long John Silver's Return to Treasure Island should not be confused with another 1954 American film, Return to Treasure Island, released six months earlier, in June, with stars Tab Hunter and Dawn Addams.
Plot
The movie is set some time after the events of Treasure Island. Long John Silver and crew are broke and bumming around Portobello (a fictional port in the British West Indies). Long John has a map to a second treasure cache on Treasure Island; but needs a special medallion to decode it. The pirate Mendoza has kidnapped Governor Strong's daughter Elizabeth and is holding her ransom. Also captured is Jim Hawkins, who has been press ganged into serving as cabin boy. Hawkins has secretly helped Dod Perch escape, and sent them to track down Long John Silver for help. Perch manages to find Long John, but is beaten to the punch and killed by two of Mendoza's men. Perch is able to mention Mendoza, Strong and Hawkins before perishing. Long John visits Governor Strong and his wife and proposes to deliver the ransom before they pursue Mendoza.
During the pickup of the ransom, Long John goes with Billy Bowlegs to Mendoza's ship and blackmails Mendoza over their plan to hoard the ransom money. Long John suggests to Mendoza that he leave Elizabeth on shore and lure the governor's warships away in order to sack the king's warehouses. As Mendoza carries out the plan, Long John finds that Jim possesses the pirate medallion indicating the second treasure's location. Mendoza begins to double cross Long John, but Long John has his men ambush and capture Mendoza along with the warehouse fortune, while Jim and Elizabeth make their escape.
Back at the governor's house, Jim is offered the chance to go back to England, but Long John has plans to take Jim with him on the second voyage to Treasure Island. After his crew has been captured along with the warehouse loot, Long John seizes an opportunity to crew Captain MacDougall's ship, the same slave ship carrying Hawkins back to Bristol. Long John sets off, avoiding becoming engaged to Purity Pinker, and barely escaping the alert local sentries.
Long John plots a mutiny on Captain MacDougall's ship. Hawkins discovers Long John's plan and tells the puritanical MacDougall, who decides to maroon Long John and his men on an island that is the secret hideout of Mendoza. Jim sets fire to Mendoza's warehouse so that Long John and his crew can capture Mendoza's ship. As Long John sails for Treasure Island, Mendoza awaits his next ship.
Once on Treasure Island, Long John and his men take shelter in the stockade from Israel Hands, who had survived Jim's shot some time ago, but is blind. Israel keeps Long John and his men trapped, killing them a few at a time. Soon, Mendoza's men arrive, and Israel offers to side with Long John in return for a passage to Cornwall and vengeance against Jim. After they flee, Mendoza burns down the stockade.
Long John follows the trail of the map to the caves where the treasure is buried. Israel tries to kill Jim, but Jim leads him to the coast, where Israel plunges to his death. As Jim heads back to the caves, he is taken by Mendoza, who is going to use him as bait to get Long John, but Long John surrenders to Mendoza, giving his men the opportunity to make an attack, cutting down Mendoza's forces and leaving the rest marooned. Long John returns to Portobello as a rich citizen and dines with the Governor, during which it is implied that Silver received a pardon for his past crimes for the role he played in saving his daughter's life, and for a "generous donation to Government House" that served to "arm the harbor against pirates". He and Jim ride off before Purity Pinker can pull a shotgun wedding.
Cast
Production
Walt Disney's film of Treasure Island (1950), starring Robert Newton as Long John Silver, had been very successful at the box office. Because the novel was in the public domain, producer Joseph Kaufman decided to make a sequel in which Newton reprised his role.
The film was produced by Treasure Island Pictures Pty. Ltd. The company's dominant shareholder and financier was Joseph Kaufman. The minor shareholders were director Byron Haskin, writer Martin Rackin and star Robert Newton.
The producer chose Australia to film, rather than Egypt, as a number of other films had been successfully made in Australia to reduce production costs, which was a common practice in the 1950s for US and British films, as the Australian crews spoke English. Part of the funding from the film came from notorious Wall Street financier Louis Wolfson. Byron Haskin alleged that producer Joseph Kaufman ran out of money during production, making shooting extremely difficult. Haskin arrived in February 1954.
Byron Haskin had experience working with Australians on His Majesty O'Keefe (1953) and cast several actors from that film, including Grant Taylor, Muriel Steinbeck, and Guy Doleman. Doleman was selected to play Israel Hands but refused to grow a beard and wear contact lenses which were required for the part. He dropped out and Rod Taylor stepped in instead. The only actors imported were Robert Newton and Connie Gilchrist. The role of Jim Hawkins was given to Grant Taylor's son Kit.
The film was shot in and around Sydney during 1954. Most of the filming was done at Pagewood Studios, where large sets were built representing a pirate ship, seaport and waterfront street. The filmmakers also constructed a galleon on a barge at Botany Bay, and filmed a sea battle between six foot model ships in Port Hacking. Other locations used included the Jenolan Caves (standing in for the caves on Treasure Island), Garie Beach, south of National Park (as the coast of Portobello) and the town of Waterfall (substituting for Treasure Island).
Production began on 3 May 1954 and shooting lasted for 63 working days. Filming was complicated by the fact that it was the first movie in Australia shot in CinemaScope. This was also the first movie to be shot in DeLuxe Color outside the United States. Del Campo became the second Mexican, after Joe MacDonald, to work on a CinemaScope picture.
While making the film, court proceedings were initiated against Newton in England to fulfill his debts, which resulted in his being declared bankrupt.
Reception
Critical reaction to the film was generally poor. A color television series, The Adventures of Long John Silver, resulted nonetheless; it ran for one series of 26 episodes. This was the first TV series made in Australia, two years before television broadcasting started in the country. The series began production in 1954 and originally aired in the US, UK, and Australia in 1955–56, 1957–58, and 1958–59, respectively.
Kylie Tennant wrote a novelisation of the script.
Kaufman took out an option on Pagewood Studios for two more years and announced plans to make other films in Australia including Come Away, Pearler, from the novel by Colin Simpson. That did not happen.
The film and its star Robert Newton were referenced several times in the UK TV comedy series Hancock's Half Hour (1956–1961).
References
Further reading
"US Copyright Office: Form GATT"
List of Films as Public Domain at Peter Rodgers Organization website
External links
The Adventures of Long John Silver at Classic Australian Television
Long John Silver at the Rod Taylor Site
Long John Silver at Oz Movies
Review of film at Variety
Australian adventure films
1954 adventure films
1954 films
Films directed by Byron Haskin
Films scored by David Buttolph
Treasure Island films
Films shot in Australia
American adventure films
CinemaScope films
1950s American films |
Mo Yun-tuan (; 11 May 1928 – 19 March 2018), known by the pen name Luo Fu (), was a Taiwanese writer and poet.
Early life
He was born Mo Yun-tuan in 1928 and raised in Hengyang. Mo's first work was published in 1943. He joined the Republic of China Navy, and moved to Taiwan in 1949. Mo received a bachelor's degree in English from Tamkang University in 1973, the same year he retired from the navy. He married Chen Chiung-fang of Kinmen.
Career
In Taiwan, Mo published several collections of poetry, anthologies, and essays, as well as a number of translations. His own works were translated into several languages. Mo and his contemporary Yu Kwang-chung were described as the Gemini of Chinese poetry, in reference to the constellation depicting the mythological twins Castor and Pollux. Luo Fu founded the alongside and in 1954. He later left Taiwan for Canada in 1995. Wang Dan published a collection of poems titled Travel in Cold Alone in 2000, and cited Mo as an influence. Mo's poem "Driftwood" (2000) was nominated for the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2001. His final works were published in January 2018.
Death
In June 2016, Mo was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the lung. He died of respiratory complications on 19 March 2018, while seeking treatment at Taipei Veterans General Hospital.
References
2018 deaths
1928 births
Taiwanese poets
20th-century Chinese poets
Poets from Hunan
People from Hengyang
Taiwanese people from Hunan
Tamkang University alumni
Taiwanese expatriates in Canada
20th-century Taiwanese poets
21st-century Taiwanese poets
Translators to Chinese
Taiwanese translators
Republic of China Navy sailors |
Percom Data Corporation was an early microcomputer company formed in 1976 to sell peripherals into the emerging microcomputer market. They are best known for their floppy disk systems, first for S-100 machines, and the later for other platforms like the TRS-80 and the Atari 8-bit family. The company was purchased by Esprit Systems in 1984.
Origins
Percom started after the meeting that produced the Kansas City standard for storing data on cassette tapes. The final version of the standard was written in February 1976, co-authored by Lee Felsenstein and Harold Mauch. Mauch published an article on the technical aspects of the standard in the next month's Byte magazine, entitled "Digital Data on Cassette Recorders".
Mauch and his wife Lucy started what was originally PerCom Data that same month, selling the CIS-30 adaptor allowing any portable cassette player to be connected to the Motorola 6800-based micros from SWTPC. The CIS-30 was a success, and soon followed by similar devices for other platforms. Floppy disk drives followed, along with rapid growth. Percom incorporated (dropping the capital C in the name) in 1978.
In 1979 the company branched out into the TRS-80 market, starting with the Percom Separator, and add-on device that corrected deficiencies in Radio Shack's own floppy disk interface. In 1980 they introduced the Percom Doubler, the first double-density floppy disk for the TRS-80 platform. They later introduced Electric Crayon, a color graphics system that communicated with the TRS-80 through the printer port and output to a separate composite monitor or color television. In 1981 they moved all operations to Dallas, Texas except technical services and repair which stayed in Garland, Texas.
Percom introduced a drive for the Atari 8-bit family in 1982. In contrast to the Atari 810, the only drive on the platform at that time, the RFD40 drive offered double-density formatting and higher performance. Its onboard controller also allowed three additional "dumb" drives, lacking the controller, to be connected and thereby lowering the cost of a multi-drive system. A drive with the controller cost $799, additional drives were $399. The standard 34-pin connector also allowed for the use of 8-inch drives on the same controller. The system did not ship with a compatible DOS, instead, it shipped with a utility that modified an existing copy of Atari DOS to add double-density support. The 1983 AT-88 model was a single-density version otherwise the same as the RFD40.
Harold died suddenly in August 1982 and the company began to focus on the business market. This resulted in the creation of the Visionnet, an early Ethernet card for the IBM PC. Western Digital licensed the design and sold it under the name Ethercard Plus.
After Mauch
Harold Mauch's sudden death in August 1982 upset the company considerably. Focussing on business products, leaving the home compute field, the company started branching out into new product lines. PerComNet for the IBM PC was licensed by Western Digital and was sold under the name PC-LAN.
In 1984, Esprit Systems purchased Percom and folded many of their product lines. Esprit made video terminal systems, which it continues to do to this day.
References
Matthew Reed, "Percom Data Company"
Roger Arrick, "Percom Data Corp. 1976-1986"
Percom Software Goes On Two Vendors Disks, Computerworld 30 Jul 1979, Page 59, ...Percom Super Basic;...
Percom Peripheral (1979-10), Percom Data Company(US)
Percom tagged media
Computer companies established in 1976
Early microcomputers
Defunct computer companies of the United States
Defunct computer hardware companies |
Mariam Mohamed Fakhr Eddine (, 8 September 1933 – 3 November 2014) was an Egyptian film and television actress, and was the second wife of prominent filmmaker Mahmoud Zulfikar (1914-1970). She was nicknamed the "Beauty of the Screen" (). Before pursuing a career in acting, she won the title of Most Beautiful Face in a pageant organised by the French-language magazine Image. She was discovered by director Mahmoud Zulfikar, her future husband. Mariam Fakhr Eddine's first film appearance was in the 1951 film A Night of Love and she went on to appear in the films such as Back Again (1957), Sleepless (1957), The Cursed Palace (1962), Soft Hands (1963) and Secret Visit (1981).
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, she initially found success in larger sentimental roles before transitioning into portraying matriarch late in her career. Salah Zulfikar was a favorite leading man of her to work with, and she partnered with him in thirteen films. In 2007, Mariam Fakhr Eddine was cast as Mrs. Aida in the French-Canadian romantic drama film Whatever Lola Wants. She attended the Alexandria International Film Festival in 2009. Until her death in 2014, Fakhr Eddine appeared in more than 200 films. Her younger brother, Youssef Fakhr Eddine, was also a leading actor.
Early life and career
Mariam Fakhr Eddine was born in Faiyum, Middle Egypt to an Egyptian father, Mohamed Fakhr El Din, and a Hungarian mother. Her younger brother is actor Youssef Fakhr Eddine (1935–2002). She was educated at a German high school. Before pursuing a career in acting, she won the title "Most Beautiful Face" in a pageant organised by the French-language magazine Image. She was discovered by film director Mahmoud Zulfikar, whom she married in 1952. She gave birth to her daughter, Iman.
Her first film appearance was in the 1951 film A Night of Love. The film was entered into the 5th Cannes Film Festival. She went on to appear in the films The Murderous Suspicion (1953), The Good Land (1954), The Love Message (1954), A Window on Paradise (1954), Back Again (1957), Rendezvous with the past (1961), The Cursed Palace (1962) and Soft Hands (1963), and Secret Visit (1981).
Death
A few months after brain surgery, Fakhr Eddine died on 3 November 2014, at the Maadi Armed Forces Hospital in Cairo. Following a religious funeral held at the Maadi Military Hospital Mosque, she was buried in 6th of October City, Giza Governorate.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
1933 births
2014 deaths
Egyptian film actresses
Egyptian television actresses
Egyptian Muslims
Egyptian people of Hungarian descent
People from Faiyum |
MusicMasters was a record label based in Ocean, New Jersey.
History
MusicMasters was founded in the late 1970s by Albert Nissim and his sons Robert and Jeffrey, who owned the Musical Heritage Society, which had previously only licensed European recordings for sale via mail-order.
MusicMasters produced recordings from 1981 until 1999, which were sold by mail-order and retail by the Music Heritage Society.
Initially, MusicMasters produced classical records, but began releasing jazz in 1985, when they obtained the rights to previously unreleased Yale University Library recordings by Benny Goodman.
In 2008, arrangements were made to make MusicMasters recordings available via the Orchard, a global distributor of digital audio and video.
Awards
John Browning won a Grammy Award for Best Classical Solo Performance for a MusicMasters recording of Samuel Barber's solo piano music. Benny Carter won two individual Grammy Awards for MusicMasters recordings.
Artists
This section contains a partial list of artists who have released recordings on the MusicMasters label.
A - F
William Albright
Amadeus Ensemble
Louie Bellson
Eubie Blake
Paul Bley
Ruby Braff
John Browning
The Dave Brubeck Quartet
Benny Carter
Chamber Orchestra of Europe
Chilingirian Quartet
Richie Cole
Continuum
Robert Craft
Kenny Davern
Eddy Davis
Eastern Rebellion
Duke Ellington
Vladimir Feltsman
Eliot Fisk
G - L
Galliard Brass Ensemble
George Gershwin
Benny Goodman
Michael Habermann
Jim Hall
Lionel Hampton
Frederic Hand
Richard Harvey
Vincent Herring
Stephen Hough
Freddie Hubbard
Dick Hyman
Milt Jackson
Keith Jarrett
James P. Johnson
Lainie Kazan
Lee Konitz
Al Kooper
Dennis Koster
Hubert Laws
Los Angeles Piano Quartet
Peggy Lee
The Mel Lewis Jazz Orchestra
Eugene List
M - Z
New York Ensemble for Early Music
Orchestra of St. Luke's
Paris All-Star Blues featuring Jay McShann
Marc Puricelli
Paula Robison
Nadja Salerno-Sonnenberg
Fred Schneider
Loren Schoenberg
Bobby Scott
Artie Shaw
Lonnie Smith
Marvin Stamm
Maria Tipo
Stanley Turrentine
Paul Whiteman and Maurice Peress
Carol Wincenc
William Wolfram
Phil Woods
Fabio Zanon
See also
List of record labels
References
American record labels
American independent record labels |
Check the Technique: Liner Notes for Hip-Hop Junkies is a book by music journalist Brian Coleman that covers the making of 36 classic hip hop albums, based on interviews with the artists who created them, also providing a track-by-track breakdown for each album entirely in the words of the artists. It was published by Villard/Random House in 2007.
It is an expanded and updated version of the book Rakim Told Me, also by Brian Coleman, and it features a foreword by Questlove of the Roots.
Reception
The book received positive reviews from numerous press outlets, such as Entertainment Weekly, AllHipHop, ALARM Magazine, and The Onion/The A.V. Club.
Some criticisms of the book are that it is missing certain classic albums, is missing some tracks from some albums, that it has very few female artists covered, and "little attention is given to the outlining societal conditions."
Brian Coleman explained in interviews that he did not intentionally leave any album out of the book, but there were difficulties in arranging interviews with certain artists. He also commented he wanted to focus on hip hop artists and what they had to say, rather than on academic subjects surrounding hip hop: "I don't really wanna read what critics have to say about the stuff. I wanna read what the artist has to say." He added,
This approach has been praised by critics—URB commented on his "mercifully non-academic approach", and ALARM Magazine said,
Sequel
Check the Technique Vol. 2: More Liner Notes for Hip-Hop Junkies was published in 2014.
References
Notes
Coleman, Brian (2007). Check the Technique: Liner Notes for Hip-Hop Junkies. New York: Villard/Random House, .
External links
Official website
Check the Technique on Myspace
Hip hop books
2007 non-fiction books
Villard (imprint) books |
```cmake
vcpkg_from_github(
OUT_SOURCE_PATH SOURCE_PATH
REPO SpriteOvO/sigmatch
REF v0.2.0
SHA512 your_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hash
HEAD_REF main
)
set(VCPKG_BUILD_TYPE release) # header-only
vcpkg_cmake_configure(
SOURCE_PATH "${SOURCE_PATH}"
OPTIONS
-DSIGMATCH_BUILD_TESTS=OFF
)
vcpkg_cmake_install()
vcpkg_cmake_config_fixup(CONFIG_PATH lib/cmake/sigmatch)
vcpkg_install_copyright(FILE_LIST "${SOURCE_PATH}/LICENSE")
file(REMOVE_RECURSE "${CURRENT_PACKAGES_DIR}/lib")
``` |
Kiwaia neglecta is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Philpott in 1924. It is found in New Zealand.
The wingspan is 10–13 mm. The forewings are ochreous-whitish with a ferruginous suffusion along the fold, sometimes extended to before the apex, sometimes absent. The area beneath the fold is usually clearer white. The hindwings are pale fuscous-grey.
References
Kiwaia
Moths described in 1924
Endemic fauna of New Zealand
Moths of New Zealand
Endemic moths of New Zealand |
Lite FM was a New Zealand radio station broadcasting in Christchurch on 94.5FM. The station was first started in 1997 by Radio Otago in Dunedin on 90.2 FM, the programme was also networked to Invercargill on 98.0 FM. Programming on the station at this point was mostly voice tracked and on air the station was often called "The Lite FM Network." In 1998 Lite FM began broadcasting in Christchurch when Radio Otago rebranded Easy Listening i94 as Lite FM. Easy Listening i94 was first started in Christchurch in 1994 by C93FM Limited under a franchise agreement with Easy Listening i, Radio Otago purchased C93FM Limited in 1997.
In 1999 Radio Otago was sold to The RadioWorks and the Invercargill and Dunedin stations were replaced with network station Solid Gold. Lite FM continued to broadcast in Christchuch and became part of Radioworks collection of local stations known as LocalWorks.
The station played easy-listening music from the 1970s to present day. The station was rebranded and replaced by The Breeze in 2004 when Radioworks decided to rebrand all their local Easy Listening stations as The Breeze. Today The Breeze in Christchurch remains a live and local station despite other The Breeze stations having their local shows replaced with Auckland-based network shows, However the night show now comes from Auckland.
Radio stations in Christchurch
Radio stations in Dunedin
Defunct radio stations in New Zealand
The Breeze (New Zealand radio station)
Radio stations established in 1997
Radio stations disestablished in 1999 |
Chimarra adamsae is a species of fingernet caddisfly in the family Philopotamidae. It is found in South America.
References
Trichoptera
Insects described in 1998 |
Heideweek is a week of festivities in Ede, Netherlands. Each year, the blossoming of the heath is celebrated. The people of Ede choose a heath queen and princess. A parade goes through the centre and suburbs of Ede, and festivities are scheduled for the Museum square area, including live music.
History
In 1935 the chairman of the local VVV decided to organize a Heideweek. The purpose of this was to attract more tourists to Ede and thus provide more income for the local shopkeepers. It became a great success and the event was organized annually until mobilization in 1939. From 1946 to 1977, a Heideweek was not organized every year, but from 1978 it was again uninterrupted.
References
Festivals in the Netherlands
Ede, Netherlands
Tourist attractions in Gelderland |
The Dolgoch Falls (also known as the Dol-goch falls, or the Dôl-goch falls () are a series of three waterfalls near Tywyn in Gwynedd, North Wales. The falls are part of the stream called Nant Dôl-goch, which flows into the Afon Fathew, and form a popular walk from the nearby Dolgoch station on the Talyllyn Railway.
References
External links
www.geograph.co.uk : photos of Dolgoch Falls and surrounding area
Bryncrug
Waterfalls of Gwynedd
Waterfalls of Snowdonia
Dolgoch |
Pavakkoothu () is a 1990 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by Sreekumar Krishnan Nair (as Sreekuttan) and produced by Panthalam Gopinath. The film stars Jayaram, Parvathy, Ranjini and Innocent. This film is a remake of 1984 American movie Micki & Maude.
The film has musical score by Johnson. Earlier in 1987, this film was already made in Tamil, as Rettai Vaal Kuruvi (lit. 'Two-tailed Sparrow') starring Mohan, Raadhika and Archana, with Direction by Balu Mahendra and Abdul Kader as producer, with excellent music by Ilayaraja.
Plot
Pavakoothu is a story of a couple, Prakash and Sumitra. Prakash has an extra-marital affair with Krishna. Both his wife and girlfriend get pregnant at the same time. He tries to hide it from both, but finally they come to know the truth. Sumitra develops complications during delivery and the baby dies. She soon learns that she can never conceive a baby. Meanwhile, Krishna learns of Sumitra's situation, gives her baby to the couple and leaves.
Cast
Jayaram as Prakash
Parvathy Jayaram as Sumitra
Ranjini (actress) as Krishna
Innocent as Chakkochen
Mamukkoya as Kanjarakutti
M. G. Soman as M. P. Purushothaman Pilla
Nedumudi Venu as Padit Adithya Varma
Soundtrack
The music was composed by Johnson with lyrics by K Jayakumar.
References
External links
1990 films
1990s Malayalam-language films
Films shot in Thiruvananthapuram
Indian remakes of American films
Films directed by Sreekumar Krishnan Nair |
Grand Principality of Rus' or Grand Duchy of Rus' may refer to:
Grand Principality of Kievan Rus', an East Slavic medieval state, centered in Kiev
Grand Principality of Vladimirian Rus', an East Slavic medieval state, centered in Vladimir
Grand Principality of Muscovite Rus', an East Slavic medieval state, centered in Moscow
Grand Principality of Rus' (1658), a proposed state in Eastern Europe
See also
Principality of Rus' (disambiguation)
Rus' (disambiguation)
Russia (disambiguation)
Ruthenia (disambiguation) |
The 121st Ohio Infantry Regiment, sometimes 121st Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 121st OVI) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
Service
The 121st Ohio Infantry was organized at Delaware, Ohio, and mustered in for three years service on September 11, 1862, under the command of Colonel William P. Reid. The regiment was recruited in Delaware, Knox, Logan, Union, Marion, and Morrow counties.
The regiment was attached to 34th Brigade, 10th Division, Army of the Ohio, September 1862. 34th Brigade, 10th Division, I Corps, Army of the Ohio, to November 1862. District of West Kentucky, Department of the Ohio, to February 1863. Reed's Brigade, Baird's Division, Army of Kentucky, Department of the Cumberland, to June 1863. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, Reserve Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to October 1863. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, XIV Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to June 1865.
The 121st Ohio Infantry mustered out of service at Washington, D.C. on June 8, 1865.
Detailed service
Ordered to Cincinnati, September 11; thence to Covington, Ky., September 15, and to Louisville, Ky., September 20. Pursuit of Bragg into Kentucky October 1–15, 1862. Battle of Perryville, Ky., October 8. Moved to Lebanon, Ky., and duty there until November, and at Columbia until December. Operations against Morgan December 22, 1862, to January 3, 1863. Ordered to Louisville, thence moved to Nashville, Tenn., February 9; thence to Franklin, Tenn., February 12, and duty there until June. Tullahoma Campaign June 23-July 7. Duty at Fayetteville August 25-September 5. Chickamauga Campaign. Battle of Chickamauga September 19–21. Siege of Chattanooga, September 24-November 23. Chattanooga-Ringgold Campaign November 23–27. Orchard Knob November 23. Tunnel Hill November 24–25. Missionary Ridge November 25. Chickamauga Station November 26. March to relief of Knoxville, November 28-December 17. Duty at Rossville, Ga., until May 1864. Atlanta Campaign May 1 to September 8. Tunnel Hill May 6–7. Demonstration on Rocky Faced Ridge May 8–11. Buzzard's Roost Gap May 8–9. Battle of Resaca May 14–15. Advance on Dallas May 18–25. Operations on line of Pumpkin Vine Creek and battles about Dallas, New Hope Church and Allatoona Hills May 25-June 5. Operations about Marietta and against Kennesaw Mountain June 10-July 2. Pine Hill June 11–14. Lost Mountain June 15–17. Assault on Kennesaw June 27. Ruff's Station July 4. Chattahoochie River July 5–17. Peachtree Creek July 19–20. Siege of Atlanta July 22-August 25. Utoy Creek August 5–7. Flank movement on Jonesboro August 25–30. Battle of Jonesboro August 31-September 1. Operations against Forrest and Hood in northern Georgia and northern Alabama September 29-November 3. March to the Sea November 15-December 10. Sandersville November 26. Siege of Savannah December 10–21. Campaign of the Carolinas January to April 1865. Taylor's Hole Creek, Aversyboro, N. C., March 16. Battle of Bentonville March 19–21. Occupation of Goldsboro March 24. Advance on Raleigh April 10–14. Occupation of Raleigh April 14. Bennett's House April 26. Surrender of Johnston and his army. March to Washington, D.C., via Richmond, Va., April 29-May 19. Grand Review of the Armies May 24.
Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 349 men during service; 9 officers and 92 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 2 officers and 246 enlisted men died of disease.
Commanders
Colonel William P. Reid
Colonel Henry Blackstone Banning - commanded at the battle of Chickamauga as lieutenant colonel; promoted from lieutenant colonel November 10, 1863
See also
List of Ohio Civil War units
Ohio in the Civil War
References
Chapman, Harvey Amasa. The Man Who Carried a Drum: 108 War Letters and Love Letters of a Civil War Medic (New York: iUniverse), 2006.
Dyer, Frederick H. A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion (Des Moines, IA: Dyer Pub. Co.), 1908.
Ohio Roster Commission. Official Roster of the Soldiers of the State of Ohio in the War on the Rebellion, 1861–1865, Compiled Under the Direction of the Roster Commission (Akron, OH: Werner Co.), 1886–1895.
Reid, Whitelaw. Ohio in the War: Her Statesmen, Her Generals, and Soldiers (Cincinnati, OH: Moore, Wilstach, & Baldwin), 1868.
Attribution
External links
Ohio in the Civil War: 121st Ohio Volunteer Infantry by Larry Stevens
Regimental flag of the 121st Ohio Infantry
Another regimental flag of the 121st Ohio Infantry
History of the 121st Ohio Infantry (Archived 2009-10-19)
Company H, 121st Ohio Infantry living history organization; includes history, biographies, brief history and photographs
Military units and formations established in 1862
Military units and formations disestablished in 1865
Units and formations of the Union Army from Ohio
1862 establishments in Ohio |
The Manhattanville Resolution was one of eight reports written by religious officials and students at Manhattanville College to advocate for desegregation and the civil rights of African Americans. It was written in 1933 in Brooklyn, New York. The report connects Catholic ideals to abolitionist ideals in order to defend the human rights of African Americans.
Resolution
Manhattanville College hosted a multitude of students and faculty interested in the civil rights aspects of the Catholic Church. The resolution is a series of eight written by students in 1933. The students at Manhattanville College were inspired by a man named George Hunton, the editor for the Interacial Review, a journal that focused on the Catholic opinion of interracialism.
During the 1930s, the effects of the Great Depression increased rapidly, especially for poor communities such as African American ones. The Manhattanville students wrote the 8 resolutions because of the racial violence, discrimination, and other injustices African Americans faced.
The Manhattanville students were motivated by Hunton's speech that they worked to pass the 8 resolutions to advocate for interracialism. The president of the college at the time, Grace Dammann-RSCJ, supported the interracialism of Manhattanville College and was an advocate for racial justice along with her students.
Message of Resolution
The Manhattan Resolutions were adopted by college students to combat racial injustice. There are a total of 8 resolutions that are declared in the resolution.
The first resolution declared that “the negro as a human being and as a citizen is entitled to the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness and to the essential opportunities of life and full the full measure of social justice.” The first resolution alludes to the constitution by using the phrase “right of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.”
The second resolution is “to be courteous and kind to every colored person, remembering the heavy yoke of injustice and discrimination he is bearing. To remember that no race or group in America had endured that many handicaps that are his to-day.”
The third resolution states, “to say a kind word for him on every proper occasion.”
The fourth resolution was, “not to speak slightingly or use nicknames which tend to humiliate, off end or discourage him.”
Number five states, “to remember that the catholic church and the catholic program of social justice has been the “greatest hope of the colored race.”
Followed by number 6 which states, “to recognize that the negro shares my membership in the mystical body of Christ and the privileges that flow there from and conduct myself in accordance therewith.”
The seventh resolution states, “to give liberally on the Sundays of the year when the collections are devoted to the heroic missionaries laboring among the Negro group.”
The last resolution states, “to become increasingly interested in the welfare of the negro; to engage actively in some form of catholic action looking to the betterment of his condition, spiritually and materially.”
A Committee of Catholic College Graduates and Undergraduates
The Manhattanville Resolutions were put together by “A Committee of Catholic College Graduates and Undergraduates” and “The Interracial Committee of the Brooklyn Catholic Action Council”, and the Forward was written by Francis S. Mosely.
“The following committee is an independent group and not affiliated with any single college or university”
Thomas J. Masterson (chairman)
Alfred A. Cooper
Joseph G. Cox
Wm. Fitzgerald
Mary Gallagher
Raymond J. Goetz
Rita L. Honerkamp
Marjorie McLinden
Francis J. Lovelock
Edgar A. Martin
Eileen O’Mahoney
Agnes Toner
James J. Walsh
Impact
The Manhattanville Resolution became the “basis for a Catholic interracial program at Catholic colleges.” The resolution began a series of events leading to educational interracialism. The interracialism program for Catholic colleges around the country met many times after the resolution had been published to discuss further actions to take to desegregate schools. The Catholic colleges discussed these proposals at the many Catholic Interracial Conferences in starting in 1935.
The Manhattanville Resolution initiated the public discussion between Catholic colleges about interracialism. This impacted the civil rights movement as a whole because particular religious support for education amongst other things bolstered the argument that African Americans are deprived of basic human rights.
References
1933 documents
1933 in New York City
1930s in Brooklyn
African-American history in New York City
African-American Roman Catholicism
History of racial segregation in the United States
Anti-black racism in New York (state)
Manhattanville College
Racial segregation |
Tecno Spark 9T and Tecno Spark 9 Pro are Android-based smartphones manufactured, released and marketed by Tecno Mobile as part of Tecno Spark 9 series. The devices serve as successors to Tecno Spark 8 series.
The Spark 9T and Spark 9 Pro is an upgraded version of Spark 8 series, coming with different features, including the processor, camera and design. The phone has received generally favorable reviews, with critics mostly noting the design and the selfie camera. Critics, however, criticized the lack of higher refresh rate in the Spark 9 Pro.
Specifications
Hardware
The Spark 9T feature a 720p resolution with an 20:9 aspect ratio, while the Spark 9 Pro feature a 1080p resolution with an 20:9 aspect ratio. Both phones feature a display size of 6.6-inches. Spark 9T comes with a MediaTek Helio G37 SoC, while the Spark 9 Pro comes with a MediaTek Helio G85 SoC. The Spark 9T comes with 4 GB of RAM, while the Spark 9 Pro comes with 4/6 GB of RAM. Spark 9T comes with 64/128 GB storage, while Spark 9 Pro comes with 128 GB storage. All of the device feature the ability to use a microSD. Both devices come with a battery capacity of 5000 mAh, with the Spark 9 Pro supporting fast charging of 18 watt. Spark 9T feature a dual rear camera with a 13-megapixel main camera and 2-megapixel depth, while the Spark 9 Pro feature also feature a dual rear camera but with a 50-megapixel main camera and 2-megapixel depth. Both devices feature a 32-megapixel front camera.
Software
Both devices run on Android 12, with HiOS 8.6. The HiOS 8.6 features Photo video, Camera pro mode, RAM extension and Smart scenes.
Reception
Tech Arena24 praised the Spark 9 Pro for its selfie camera and display while noting that the device has "a beautiful design". However, the lack of higher refresh rate was criticized.
Ak Fred Fred praised the Spark 9 Pro for its design and selfie camera while noting that "the fingerprint scanner is fast and responsive all the time". He however criticized the device for the lack of dual speaker for "a better sound experience".
Izzy Boye praised the Spark 9 Pro for its design, storage and processor. However, the lack of stereo speakers and higher refresh rate was criticized.
Eugoson Quorch praised the Spark 9T for its design, USB-C port and higher refresh rate compared to the Spark 9 Pro, while noting that "the selfie camera is the unique selling point of the smartphone".
References
Android (operating system) devices
Phablets
Mobile phones introduced in 2022
Tecno smartphones |
Finnfacts is a Finnish media organisation. It promotes Finnish know-how by organizing international media visits and publishing the Good News from Finland news site.
Finnfacts is part of Business Finland. Finnfacts’ activities are financed by the Confederation of Finnish Industries EK and the Finnish Ministry of Employment and the Economy.
References
Trade associations based in Finland |
Space Opera is a 1996 anthology of science fiction short stories and novelettes edited by Anne McCaffrey and Elizabeth Scarborough.
Contents
Introduction (Space Opera) • essay by Anne McCaffrey and Elizabeth Ann Scarborough
Bird in the Hand • short story by Anne McCaffrey
Calling Them Home • short story by Jody Lynn Nye
Saskia • novelette by Charles de Lint
Songchild • short story by Robin Wayne Bailey
A Song of Strange Revenge • short story by Josepha Sherman
Our Father's Gold • novelette by Elisabeth Waters
Thunderbird Road • novelette by Leslie Fish
Scarborough Fair • novelette by Elizabeth Ann Scarborough
Soulfedge Rock • short story by Suzette Haden Elgin
Ever After • short story by Paula Lalish
The Impossible Place • short story by Alan Dean Foster
A Hole in the Sky • short story by Margaret Ball
Drift • novelette by Steven Brust
Heavenside Song • short story by Warren Norwood
Swan Song • shortstory by Lyn McConchie
Space Station Annie • short story by Cynthia McQuillin
Roundelay • shortstory by Mary C. Pangborn
The Last Song of Sirit Byar • novelette by Peter S. Beagle
To Drive the Cold Winter Away • short story by Marion Zimmer Bradley
Bluesberry Jam • novelette by Gene Wolfe
References
Science fiction anthologies
1996 anthologies
DAW Books books
Music books
1990s science fiction works |
The Southern apse from Pedret is a Romanesque fresco painting from late 11th century or the beginning of the 12th century, which was acquired during the 1919-1923 campaign of the Junta de Museus. The artwork originated from the southern apsidiole of the Church of Sant Quirze de Pedret and is currently exhibited in the Romanesque Art collection at the Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya, in Barcelona, Spain.
History
At the end of the eleventh century, the Romanesque mural painting of northern Italy arrived in Catalonia with a spread similar to that of Lombardic Romanesque architecture. The work of Italian painters, then, accompanied the architecture and soon had important repercussions.
The clearest example of this Lombardy-related painting is the Sant Quirze de Pedret ensemble, which stylistically comes close to the paintings of Sant Pere in Àger, Santa Maria in Àneu, and Sant Pere in El Burgal, and to those of Saint-Lizier in Couserans (France), preserved in situ.
The church at Pedret, located in the Pyrenees, was thought to have been elaborately decorated (even without a written history of worshippers) since it was located on the roads connecting Berga, Bagà, and Cerdanya, thus it may have been an important location. Scholars agree that the church's original architecture was Visigothic due to specific construction elements such as the horse-shoe arches, which divide the nave and give entrance to the apses, as well as the insulation of the apses themselves. However, an additional description of Mozarabic has been given as well to describe the architectural style. Various theories on the age of the frescoes have been presented taking into account stylistic trends of the tenth through the twelfth centuries AD and renovations that took place on the church during those time periods as well. The Museum where the frescoes currently reside dates them to be from the end of the eleventh century to the beginning of the twelfth. Due to the fresco's age, it is probable that the Southern apse from Pedret is one of the oldest of all Catalan Romanesque wall paintings.
The National Art Museum of Catalonia keeps the two side apses from Sant Quirze de Pedret and the Museu Diocesà i Comarcal in Solsona keeps the decoration of the central apse. Taken together they present an important apocalyptic series in which the subject of the Church is related to the coming of the Day of Judgement in a way that is not frequent, centering on the parable of the wise and foolish Virgins in the southern apsidiole.
Description
The apse's dimensions are 325 x 315 x 320 cm, and it contains several images although the most prominent one is a fragmentary image of the Wise and Foolish Virgins parable found in Matthew 25:1-13. Three of the five Wise Virgins' heads have been removed due to historic construction on the church building; however, all figures seem to be wearing similar embroidered dalmatics and tunics with close-fitting sleeves that are worn below the open-fitted sleeves of the dalmatics. The Virgins are crowned with bridal crowns resting on caps and are seen wearing spiral earrings. The crowns resemble those found in Rome during the sixth century. Originally, all five Wise Virgins were depicted seated at the marriage supper with burning cressets in their left hands. The Bridegroom figure (Christ) is all but gone however his hand can be seen extending over the table. On the other side of the scene are the five Foolish Virgins. The Foolish Virgins are not clothed in the intricate dalmatics as the Wise Virgins, and they do not wear crowns. Instead, they don coifs that are arranged in folds over their hair. Also unlike the Wise Virgins, the five Foolish Virgins hold their cressets inverted with oil vessels hanging from them. Beneath the virgins is a pattern described as “medallions of beasts.” A young figure is also pictured sitting upon a church with the head encircled by a nimbus (halo). There is a discrepancy as to whether the figure is male or female, and to the object that is held in the figure’s hand. Suggestions have been wand, lily or palm. What can be agreed upon is that this image is a personification of the church. Trace figures of the Archangel Gabriel and the Virgin Mary were once reported, but have since faded entirely although the inscription SCA (Sancta) MARIA was recorded. An image of the Theotokos holding the infant Jesus was also present but was covered with mortar during repairs. There is a fret pattern below the illustrated figures along with simulated drapery present. The apse's window is also decorated with a geometric pattern.
Composition
The composition of this painting is fresco transferred to canvas and the artwork is attributed to the Circle of the Master of Pedret.
Analysis
These frescoes are attributed to have created by Circle of the Master Pedret and are said to be examples of the early Catalan school. Stylistically their frescoes are linked to similar Italian artwork and show signs of early Byzantine iconography as well as illusionism. The parable of the Wise and Foolish Virgins found in Pedret is related to earlier religious illustrations such as Coemiterious Maius and the Rossano Gospels. In the parable, those who are wise and have kept their torches lit are received by the Bridegroom, whereas those who are foolish and who have let their torches become extinguished have been excluded from Paradise. This is in reference to Judgment Day where only those who are prepared will be able to enter the Lord's house. This particular parable seems to have become extremely popular around the eleventh century. Personification of the Church appears to be influenced by Mozarabic liturgy, whereas reference to the ten virgins is found in other liturgies.
Notes
References
Klein, P.K. The Romanesque in Catalonia, The Art of Medieval Spain A.D. 500-1200, New York, 1993.
External links
Painting found on MNAC website
MNAC Google Art Project
YouTube MNAC-Southern apse from Pedret
11th-century paintings
12th-century paintings
Romanesque paintings
Pedret
Paintings in the Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya |
Dzikowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szprotawa, within Żagań County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Szprotawa, east of Żagań, and south of Zielona Góra.
References
Dzikowice |
```javascript
Registry user accounts for npm
Bump package version in npm
`peerDependencies`
`optionalDependencies` in npm
`config` object in `package.json`
``` |
Burn Notice is an American television series that originally aired on the cable television channel USA Network from June 28, 2007 to September 12, 2013. The show follows the life of protagonist Michael Westen (Jeffrey Donovan), a covert operative who has been "burned" (identified as an unreliable or dangerous agent) and tries to find out why. With his assets frozen, he is unable to leave Miami and forced to live off any small investigative jobs he can find, with the help of his girlfriend Fiona Glenanne (Gabrielle Anwar) and his old military friend Sam Axe (Bruce Campbell), who briefly informed on him to the FBI. His return to Miami also reunites him with his mother Madeline Westen (Sharon Gless), who becomes an increasingly important part of Michael's life even as he tries to hide his activities from her. Underpinning the episodic stories of Michael's investigative jobs is the running subplot exploring Michael's efforts to find out who burned him, and to get his job and reputation back.
As creator of the show, Matt Nix serves as executive producer and often writes episodes for the show. He made his directorial debut with the season two episode "Do No Harm", which he had also written. Seven seasons have completed airing in the United States, with 12 episodes in the first season, 16 episodes in the second and third seasons, and 18 episodes in the fourth season. The fourth season introduced new regular character Jesse Porter (Coby Bell), a counterintelligence agent whom Michael unintentionally burns but later makes part of his team. In October 2009, USA Networks announced the renewal of the series for seasons 5 and 6. The show's fifth season, comprising 18 episodes, began airing June 23, 2011, and entered a mid-season break after twelve episodes on September 8, 2011. The remaining episodes aired in November and December 2011, for a finale on December 15, 2011. The program concluded its 18-episode sixth season, which premiered on June 14, 2012, and ended on December 20, 2012, with a two-hour finale. On November 7, 2012, USA Networks renewed Burn Notice for a seventh season, and, on May 10, 2013, announced that it would be the series' final season. The seventh season premiered on June 6, 2013, and the series reached its 100th episode with "Forget Me Not", the second episode of that season. The series finale aired on September 12, 2013. A total of 111 episodes of Burn Notice were broadcast over seven seasons.
Series overview
Episodes
Season 1 (2007)
Season 2 (2008–09)
Season 3 (2009–10)
The third season of Burn Notice premiered on June 4, 2009. Both Nix and Donovan have revealed that the season will focus on the past of Michael, Fiona and Sam. Ben Shenkman ("Tom Strickler"), Moon Bloodgood ("Detective Paxson"), and Otto Sanchez ("Agent Diego Garza") appeared in recurring roles during the summer season. The winter season premiered on January 21, 2010, opening with the reunion of actors Tyne Daly and Sharon Gless nearly 14 years after they last teamed up as Cagney and Lacey. Recurring characters in the winter season include Chris Vance as Mason Gilroy, a spy handler known as a "puppetmaster" with whom Michael must work.
Season 4 (2010)
Burn Notice was renewed for a fourth season that began airing on June 3, 2010. The season also featured the directorial debut of Jeffrey Donovan who directed the third aired episode of the season "Made Man". Coby Bell joined the cast as Jesse Porter, a counterintelligence expert who can easily assume cover identities and has a burning desire to catch criminals. Robert Wisdom portrayed Vaughn, a spy working for those who burned Michael, in a minimum of six episodes. Burt Reynolds guest-starred as a legend in the spy business whose story serves as a look forward to what Michael's life could become. Additionally, Tim Matheson reprised his role as "Dead" Larry Sizemore and Jay Karnes reprised his role as Tyler Brennen. The fourth season was extended by two episodes to 18. The season was broadcast in two parts, with the first part ending on August 26, and the final six episodes beginning on November 11 and concluding on December 16, 2010.
Season 5 (2011)
Burn Notice was renewed for a fifth season, consisting of 18 episodes, on April 16, 2010. The first half of the fifth season concluded airing after 12 episodes on September 8, 2011, with the remaining six episodes beginning on November 3, 2011. The season concluded in December, 2011.
Season 6 (2012)
A sixth season, consisting of 18 episodes, was ordered by USA Network on April 16, 2010. This announcement came just over a month after the third season had completed airing. The season began in summer 2012.
Season 7 (2013)
USA renewed Burn Notice for a 13-episode seventh season on November 7, 2012. Production began Monday, March 18, 2013 and episodes began airing on June 6, 2013. USA Network announced May 10, 2013 that the seventh season of Burn Notice would be its last.
Television film (2011)
The prequel film "The Fall of Sam Axe" both explores Sam's downfall shortly prior to the opening of the series and sets up elements of season five.
Ratings
Home video releases
References
External links
Lists of American crime drama television series episodes
Lists of American espionage television series episodes |
James McPhail Ritchie (10 July 1907 – 6 July 1942) was a Scottish international rugby union player, who died in World War II at Rawalpindi in British India (now Pakistan) of enteric fever.
He was capped six times for between 1933 and 1934. He also played for Watsonians RFC.
See also
List of Scottish rugby union players killed in World War II
Sources
Bath, Richard (ed.) The Scotland Rugby Miscellany (Vision Sports Publishing Ltd, 2007 )
Massie, Allan A Portrait of Scottish Rugby (Polygon, Edinburgh; )
References
External links
Player profile on scrum.com
1907 births
1942 deaths
Scottish rugby union players
Scotland international rugby union players
Watsonians RFC players
Indian Army personnel killed in World War II
Infectious disease deaths in Punjab, Pakistan
Deaths from typhoid fever
Punjab Regiment officers
Rugby union props |
Emanuele Tenderini (born 30 June 1977 in Venice) is an Italian comic book artist known for his participation in Wondercity. He has collaborated with many other comic book series in Italy and abroad.
Biography
Tenderini attended the Istituto Commerciale Paolo Sarpi and graduated as accountant. He then worked as graphic designer before moving to Milan where he graduated with honors at the Scuola del Fumetto. He moved back to Venice working as colourist with the thrash metal band Merendine.
In 2004, with Alex Crippa, he released the comic book 100 Anime (ed. Delcourt). In 2005, he released Othon & Laiton and Wondercity. Between 2006 and 2007, he drew two volumes of Oeil de Jade (ed. Les Humanoïdes Associés). He then collaborated to Prediction (2007-2008), Arcane Majeur, Wisher, La Porte d'Ishtar (2008), Dei and 1066 (2011).
In Italy, he drew the special editions of Dylan Dog in 2007 and of Dampyr in 2008. Other Italian collaborations were Vasco Comics (2007), Rumbler (2008) and The Odissey (2011).
In 2014, with Linda Cavallini, he released World of Lumina, a graphic novel developed through their own digital color technic, named Hyperflat, and produced by a crowdfunding on Indiegogo in the same year.
Works
100 anime - vol 1, 2, 3, Ed. Delcourt - Ed BD, 2004-2007.
Othon & Laiton - vol 1, 2, Ed. Paquet, 2005.
Wondercity - vol 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Ed. Soleil - Ed Freebooks, 2005.
Oeil de Jade - vol 1, 2, Ed. Les Humanoïdes Associés - Eura, 2006-2007.
Gormiti, Ed. Giochi Preziosi, 2006-2011.
Vasco Comics, - vol 1, 3, 4, Ed. Panini, 2007.
Dylan Dog, nr 250, Ed. Sergio Bonelli, 2007.
Dylan Dog Color Fest, - vol 1, 2, Ed. Sergio Bonelli, 2007-2008.
Prediction, - vol 1, 2, Ed. Delcourt, 2007-2008.
Arcane Majeur, - vol 5, Ed. Delcourt, 2008.
Wisher, - vol 1, Ed. LeLombard, 2008.
Rumbler, Ed. De Agostini, 2008.
Dampyr, nr 100, Ed. Sergio Bonelli, 2008.
The Odissey, Ed. Sperling&Kupfer, 2010.
Dei, Ed. Ankama, 2011.
1066, Ed. Le Lombard - Comma 22, 2011.
World of Lumina, vol 1, Ed. Tatai Lab, 2015.
Awards
2009 - Ayaaak Award as outstanding colorist of 2008, for Dylan Dog Color Fest vol 2 and Dampyr n 100.
References
External links
Living people
Italian comics artists
Italian graphic designers
Italian accountants
Comics colorists
1977 births
Artists from Venice |
Burmese English (also called Myanmar English) is the register of the English language used in Myanmar (Burma), spoken as first or second language by an estimated 2.4 million people, about 5% of the population (1997). The English language was initially introduced to the country during the British colonial period, spanning from 1824 until independence in 1948.
History
The British Empire annexed modern-day Myanmar in three stages over a six-decade span (1824–1885). It administered Myanmar as a province of British India until 1937, and as a separate colony until 1948. During the British colonial period, English was the medium of instruction in higher education, although it did not replace Burmese as the vernacular. English was the medium of instruction in universities and two types of secondary schools: English schools and Anglo-Vernacular schools (where English was taught as a second language). Burmese English resembles Indian English to a degree because of historical ties to India during British colonization.
On 1 June 1950, a new education policy was implemented to replace English as the medium of instruction in all state schools, although universities, which continued to use English as the medium of instruction, were unaffected. English was taught as a second language from the Fifth Standard. Until 1965, English was the language of instruction at Burmese universities.
In 1965, Burmese replaced English as the medium of instruction at the university level, with the passing of the New University Education Law the previous year. English language education was reintroduced in 1982. Currently, English is taught from Standard 0 (kindergarten), as a second language. Since 1991, in the 9th and 10th Standards, English and Burmese have both been used as the medium of instruction, particularly in science and math subjects, which use English-language textbooks. Because of this, many Burmese are better able to communicate in written English than in spoken English, due to the emphasis placed on writing and reading.
Characteristics
Orthography
The preferred system of spelling is based on that of the British, although American English spellings have become increasingly popular. Because Adoniram Judson, an American, created the first Burmese-English dictionary, many American English spellings are common (e.g. color, check, encyclopedia). The ⟨-ize⟩ spelling is more commonly used than the ⟨-ise⟩ spelling.
Vocabulary
Burmese English is often characterised by its unaspirated consonants, similar to Indian English. It also borrows words from standard English and uses them in a slightly different context. For instance, "pavement" (British English) or "sidewalk" (US English) is commonly called "platform" in Burmese English. "Stage show" is also preferred over "concert."
For units of measurement Burmese English use both those of the Imperial System and those of the International System of Units interchangeably, but the values correspond to the SI system. Burmese English continues to use Indian numerical units such as lakh and crore.
The Burmese language, especially the colloquial form, has borrowed daily vocabulary from English, especially as portmanteaus with native Burmese vocabulary. For instance, the Burmese word for 'ball' is bawlon (, ), while the Burmese word for bus is bat-sa-ka (, ).
Honorifics
Burmese names represented in English often include various honorifics, most commonly "U", "Daw", and "Sayadaw". For older Burmese who only have one or two syllables in their names these honorifics may be an integral part of the name.
Pronunciation
In Burmese English, the k, p, and t consonants are unaspirated (pronounced ), as a general rule, as in Indian English. The following are commonly seen pronunciation differences between Standard English and Burmese English:
In addition, many words retain British pronunciation, such as vitamin . Burmese English is non-rhotic.
References
Dialects of English
Languages of Myanmar |
Psectrotarsia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
Species
Psectrotarsia euposis (Dyar, 1912)
Psectrotarsia flava Dognin, 1907
Psectrotarsia hebardi (Skinner, 1917)
Psectrotarsia rhodophora (Hampson, 1910)
Psectrotarsia suavis (H. Edwards, 1884)
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Revision of the Genus Psectrotarsia Dognin, 1907 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae:Heliothinae)
Heliothinae |
Edward Lowth Badeley (1803 or 1804 – 1868) was an English ecclesiastical lawyer and member of the Oxford Movement who was involved in some of the most notorious cases of the 19th century.
Early life
Born 1803 or 1804, Edward was the younger son of the medical doctor John Badeley and his wife, Charlotte née Brackenbury of Chelmsford. He graduated with second-class honours from Brasenose College, Oxford, in 1823 with a Bachelor of Arts in classics and took his Master of Arts degree in 1828. He was called to the bar by the Inner Temple in 1841.
He started to practise on the home circuit but was attracted by ecclesiastical law. Badeley had met John Henry Newman in 1837 and become a follower soon after. He soon became associated with his fellow Anglo-Catholic lawyers James Hope-Scott and Edward Bellasis in defending Tractarianism.
In 1848 he appeared for the objectors to the appointment of Renn Hampden as Bishop of Hereford. In 1849, a commission had been established to review the prohibition of marriage with a deceased wife's sister, a practice that was to remain unlawful in the United Kingdom until the Deceased Wife's Sister's Marriage Act 1907. Badeley made a submission, communicated by Edward Bouverie Pusey opposing any change in the law.
Gorham judgment
Badeley appeared for Henry Phillpotts, the Bishop of Exeter, before the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council when George Cornelius Gorham appealed against Phillpotts' refusal to confirm him in the benefice of Brampford Speke. The Privy Council overturned the bishop's ruling, confirming Gorham in his living, and were seen to impose secular over canon authority, causing a great scandal in some quarters. In the summer of 1850, Badeley, Henry Manning and 12 other prominent Anglicans called upon the Church of England to repudiate the views that the Privy Council had expressed on baptism. There was no response and Badeley was one of many when he joined the Roman Catholic Church in 1852.
Later life
Badeley was assistant counsel to Sir Alexander Cockburn in John Henry Newman's defence when he was prosecuted for libel by Giacinto Achilli in 1852. Badeley frequently advised Newman on legal matters thereafter, advising that Newman reject Charles Kingsley's partial withdrawal of his satirical jibe that Newman cared little for truth and encouraging him to write the Apologia Pro Vita Sua in response.
Much of his later practice concerned trusts and charities. In 1865, in the Constance Kent case, he argued, against settled opinion, that the principle of priest–penitent privilege applied in English law.
He maintained a lifelong friendship and correspondence with Hope-Scott and his family and Newman dedicated his Verses on Various Occasions to him as gratitude for his support in the Achilli trial. Badeley died on 29 March 1868 at his chambers at 13 Paper Buildings in the Inner Temple.
References
Bibliography
The first edition of this text is available at Wikisource (see ).
Further reading
1800s births
1868 deaths
19th-century Anglicans
19th-century English lawyers
19th-century Roman Catholics
Alumni of Brasenose College, Oxford
Canon law of the Church of England
Converts to Roman Catholicism from Anglicanism
English Anglo-Catholics
English barristers
English Roman Catholics |
Hanna Marie K. Bergstrøm, née Magnusson (22 April 1885 – 1948) was a Norwegian trade unionist and politician for the Communist Party.
She was born in Stockholm and founded a trade union in Malmö in 1906, but immigrated to Norway and Oslo. She worked as a seamstress, and was active in her trade union Syerskenes forening/Konfeksjonsarbeidernes forening. She joined the Communist Party in 1925, chaired its women's committee and became a member of the politburo in 1929. She stood for parliamentary election in 1927, 1930 and 1933. As she headed the ballot in the 1930 election, she was the only female top candidate in the three first elections contested by the Communist Party (1924, 1927, 1930). She was also a board member of the trade union Skredderforbundet from 1928, but was excluded in 1931.
During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany in 1942 she was incarcerated at Bredtveit concentration camp from 17 August to 14 December 1944. After the Second World War she stood for election in 1945. She died three years later.
References
1885 births
1948 deaths
Swedish emigrants to Norway
Norwegian trade unionists
Communist Party of Norway politicians
Politicians from Oslo
Norwegian women in politics
Norwegian resistance members
Bredtveit concentration camp survivors
Norwegian women in World War II
20th-century Norwegian women
20th-century Norwegian people |
Georges Gault was a tennis player competing for France. He finished runner-up to Max Decugis in the singles final of the Amateur French Championships in 1913.
Grand Slam finals
Singles: 1 (0-1)
References
French male tennis players
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing |
The 2019 Liga 3 Bali was the fifth edition of Liga 3 Bali as a qualifying round for the Lesser Sunda Islands (Bali Nusra) regional round of 2019 Liga 3. The competition began on 24 September 2019 and ended with a final on 7 October 2019.
Putra Tresna Bali were the defending champions, but they were eliminated by Perseden in the semi-finals on 5 October 2019 in a rematch of the previous year's final.
Perseden won their first Liga 3 Bali title with a 4–2 victory on penalties over Tunas Muda Ubud following a 1–1 draw after extra time on 7 October 2019. Perseden would represent Bali Region for the Lesser Sunda Islands regional round.
Format
In this competition, the teams were divided into two groups of five. The two best teams were through to knockout stage. The winner represent Bali Region in Lesser Sunda Islands regional round of 2019 Liga 3.
Teams
There were 10 teams participated in the league this season.
Bali
Perseden
PS Badung
PSAD Kodam IX/Udayana
Putra Pegok
Putra Tresna Bali
Sportivo Buleleng
Sulut Bali
Tunas Muda Ubud
Undiksha
Group stage
This stage started on 24 September and finished 3 October 2019. All matches was held at Ngurah Rai Stadium and Kompyang Sujana Stadium, Denpasar.
Group A
|}
Group B
|}
Knockout stage
Bracket
Semi-finals
|}
Third place
|}
Final
|}
References
2019 in Indonesian football
Sport in Bali |
Kelly Burke (born December 31, 1944) is an American former model who was Playboy magazine's Playmate of the Month for its June 1966 issue. Her centerfold was photographed by William Figge.
Burke was born in Los Angeles, California.
According to The Playmate Book, Burke was pregnant while she was shooting her Playmate centerfold. She also was (at the time) the sister-in-law of 1965 Playmate of the Year Allison Parks.
See also
List of people in Playboy 1960–1969
External links
1944 births
Living people
Female models from Los Angeles
1960s Playboy Playmates |
Nima Tapu are the Royal Undertakers for the Tongan royal family. It is their role to prepare the dead king's body for burial. Once the preparation is complete, they are not allowed to use their hands for any other purpose for the next 100 days. In earlier times the nima tapu would be strangled or have their hands cut off after preparing the king's body.
References
Tongan royal mourning is broken. BBC News, 28 December 2006. Retrieved 19 Feb 2007.
Tongan monarchy
Death customs |
is a fictional village in the 1996 video games Pokémon Red and Blue. Stylized as a haunted location, Lavender Town is home to the Pokémon Tower, a burial ground for deceased Pokémon and a location to find Ghost-Type Pokémon.
The background music of Lavender Town is renowned for adding to the town's creepy atmosphere and in the 2010s, it gave rise to the "Lavender Town Syndrome" creepypasta, a fictional story about hundreds of Japanese children committing suicide after listening to the track.
In the games
Lavender Town is a village that can be visited in Pokémon Red, Green, Blue, Yellow, and sequels Gold, Silver, Crystal, and the remakes thereof. A departure from the typical joyous tone of Red, Green, Blue, and Yellow, it is home to the Pokémon Tower, a graveyard filled with mourning trainers and hundreds of tombstones for deceased Pokémon. There the player character can come across the ghost-type Pokémon Gastly and Haunter. The tower is the only place where they are available for capture. During the story of Red, Green, Blue, and Yellow, the player will utilise the item Silph Scope to deal with the ghost-type Pokémon. It is implied that the village is haunted by the spirit of dead Pokémon, in particular a Marowak—murdered by the villainous Team Rocket—searching for its orphaned-Cubone. This story is expanded on in the remake Pokémon: Let's Go, Pikachu! and Let's Go, Eevee! Lavender Town is the player's first encounter with the concept of Pokémon dying. It is one of a few towns in the Kanto region not to feature a gym.
The Pokémon Tower was replaced by the "Kanto Radio Tower" in Pokémon Gold and Silver. Lavender Town is also home to the "Name Rater", which allows players to change the nickname of their Pokémon, and a care home for abandoned Pokémon.
The Pokémon Tower appears in the episode "The Tower of Terror", the 23rd episode from the first season of the Pokémon anime series, when Ash, Misty, and Brock search for ghost-type Pokémon for the Gym battle against Sabrina. Lavender Town also appears in the Pokémon Adventures and The Electric Tale of Pikachu manga series.
Music
The chiptune background music of Lavender Town in Pokémon Red, Blue, Green and Yellow versions has garnered much interest due to some listeners finding it unsettling. Listing it as the second-most scary video game track in 2012, Brittany Vincent of Bloody Disgusting stated that Lavender Town's "deceptively calm ... tune ranks highly on most gamers' lists of terrifying childhood memories." Lavender Town's music, composed by Junichi Masuda, is deliberately atonal and combines sharp chiptune sounds with "a cavalcade of jarring chords" to create an eerie atmosphere. Shubhankar Parijat of GamingBolt included the song on their list of creepy soundtracks in non-horror games. Jay Hathaway of Gawker stated that leaving the music on loop may cause a "vague sense of dread". Kevin Knezevic of GameSpot called it "one of the area's most unforgettable features".
In Pokémon Gold, Silver and Crystal versions (and in their remakes Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver), the Lavender Town theme music was recomposed to a happier tone as, per the game's storyline, the Pokémon Tower was demolished and replaced with the Kanto Radio Tower. On YouTube many remixes of the theme have been made. It was re-recorded for the 2017, 2019, and 2020 Pokémon Go Halloween event.
Lavender Town Syndrome
In the early 2010s, an urban legend claimed that hundreds of Japanese children had committed suicide in the 1990s as a result of the music in the game, speculating that high pitched tones and binaural beats caused headaches and erratic behavior that led to their deaths. A fabricated illness was dubbed "Lavender Town Syndrome" (as well as "Lavender Town Tone," "Lavender Town Conspiracy," and "Lavender Town Suicides") and the original story went viral after a creepypasta version of the story was spread on websites such as 4chan. Various people have added details to make the story more convincing over time, such as photoshopping images of ghosts and the Pokémon Unown (spelling out the message "leave now") into spectrogram outputs of the Lavender Town music. Certain versions claim that the games’ director, Satoshi Tajiri, wanted the tone in the game to "annoy" children instead of cause harm, while others claim Nintendo was in collaboration with the Japanese government.
Reception
Jessie Coello of TheGamer described the story as "one of the creepiest and most infamous creepypastas in online fiction." Mark Hill of Kill Screen stated that the appeal of the Lavender Town Syndrome legend "comes from corrupting such an innocent symbol of childhood." Patricia Hernandez of Kotaku believed that one of the reasons why the Lavender Town creepypasta "is so effective" is that the theme tune is "genuinely creepy." She also noted that the suicides taking place in Japan was an important element in preserving the mystery as fact-checking would require proficiency in Japanese. Nadia Oxford of Lifewire drew comparisons with "Dennō Senshi Porygon", an episode of the Pokémon anime series that gave hundreds of Japanese viewers, most of them children, reactions similar to epilepsy symptoms and sent some into seizures, stating that its fallout "provides a solid bedrock for the Lavender Town myth." Scott Baird of TheGamer believed that the story was "clearly inspired" by the event. Matt Rooney of IGN selected it as one of the best video game urban legends.
Reception and legacy
Eurogamer described Lavender Town as a "standout location" in the original Pokémon games, as it is one of the few locations in the franchise that deals with the fact that the "cute and cuddly" Pokémon could actually die. Rani Baker, writing for Grunge, speculated that this "revelation" is why so many were affected by it. Cian Maher of Bloody Disgusting called the setting "infamous" – "uncanny, weird, and deeply unsettling." He praised the reinvented take in Pokémon: Let's Go, Pikachu! and Let's Go, Eevee!. James Troughton of TheGamer called it "one of the darkest areas of the series" while Jessie Coello, stated that it "birthed some of the most disturbing lore tied to the franchise." Patricia Hernandez wrote that "I can’t think of a single thing in Pokémon more unsettling than Lavender Town." Caroline O’Donoghue of The Guardian singled out Lavender Town as an example of the Pokémon series' unique, "half-written, euphemistic" style of story-telling.
In 2018, a line of merchandise was made about Lavender Town.
References
Further reading
Manzinali, Eymeric. "“Lavender Town Syndrome” Creepypasta: A Rational Narration of the Supernatural". In: Disenchantment, Re-Enchantment and Folklore Genres. Edited by Nemanja Radulović and Smiljana Đorđević Belić. Belgrade: Institute for Literature and Arts, 2021. pp. 217-236.
Fictional elements introduced in 1996
Fictional populated places
Ghosts in popular culture
Pokémon
Video game locations
Creepypasta |
Rugby union in Liechtenstein is a minor but growing sport.
Governing body
The governing body for rugby in Liechtenstein is the Liechtenstein Rugby Union.
History
Liechtenstein was going to take part in one of the early European Club Cup competitions, but this never took off and Liechtenstein had to withdraw for lack of players. In 2013 the team played in the fira sevens gps in Latvia losing to Norway 34-0, Slovakia 26-10 and Estonia 29-15.
There are two clubs, Lynx RC, which is based at Sportpark Eschen-Mauren, in Eschen, they used to play in the Swiss rugby union leagues, and FC Vaduz Red Pride Rugby, based in Liechtenstein's capital, Vaduz.
See also
Rugby union in Austria
Rugby union in Switzerland
References
Sport in Liechtenstein |
Bayerischer Poetentaler is a Bavarian literary prize of the writers guild Münchner Turmschreiber.
Winners
Source:
1961–1969
1961: Joseph Maria Lutz – Eduard Stemplinger – Alfred Weitnauer
1962: Benno Hubensteiner – Ernst Hoferichter – Hanns Vogel
1963: Hugo Lang – Adolf Roth – Eugen Roth
1964: Gustl Feldmeier – Josef Martin Bauer – Alois Fink
1965: Richard Billinger – Carl Orff – Erwin Schleich
1966: Bernhard Ücker – Ludwig Schrott – Karl Spengler
1967: Marieluise Fleißer – Arthur Maximilian Miller – Wugg Retzer
1968: Wastl Fanderl – Herbert Schindler – Anton Schnack – Friedrich Schnack
1969: Reinhard Raffalt – Rudolf Kriß – Herbert Schneider
1970–1979
1970: Hans Bleibrunner – Hans Fitz – Oskar Weber
1971: Otto Kraus – Paul Ernst Rattelmüller – Hans Wimmer – Roider Jackl
1972: Hannes König – Michl Lang – Georg Lohmeier – Otto Schemm
1973: Martin Lankes – Arthur Piechler – Sigi Sommer
1974: Annette Thoma – Emil Vierlinger – Werner A. Widmann – Capella Monacensis
1975: Eva Vaitl – Wolfgang Johannes Beckh – Paul Friedl (Baumsteftenlenz) – Stefan Schaller
1976: Günter Göpfert – Helmut Kirchammer – Michael Schattenhofer – Regensburger Domspatzen
1977: Ludwig Hollweg – Robert Münster – Anton Neuhäusler (alias Franz Ringseis) –
1978: Alix du Frenes – Wilhelm Lukas Kristl – Anton Wandinger – Franz Xaver Breitenfellner – die Förderer der Landshuter Hochzeit
1979: Werner Egk – Helmut Zöpfl – Georg Blädel – Josef Eberwein
1980–1989
1980: Franz von Bayern – Erich Hartstein – Hans Pletzer – Ludwig Schmid-Wildy
1981: Augsburger Puppenkiste – Hans Hösl – Ludwig Kusche – Fritz Straßner
1982: Gustl Bayrhammer – Franziska Bilek – Alois Weichslgartner – Windsbacher Knabenchor
1983: Wilhelm Ludwig – Josef Oberberger – Carl Oskar Renner – Walter Sedlmayr
1984: Toni Berger – Fritz Meingast – Gerhard Schmidt-Gaden (Tölzer Knabenchor) – Dieter Wieland
1985: Hans Breinlinger – Franz Freisleder – Hans Hotter – Jugend- und Musikkorps Bad Kissingen – Hans Pörnbacher
1986: Hans Max von Aufseß – Michael Ende – Wolfgang Sawallisch – Werner Schlierf
1987: Leopold Kammerer – Otfried Preußler – Marianne und Heinz Redmann – Karl-Heinz Schickhaus
1988: Richard Lemp – Fred Rauch – Frieda Sembach-Krone – Sing- und Musizierkreis Seeon
1989: Anton Besold – Alexander von Branca – Harald Dietl – Erni Singerl
1990–1999
1990: Leopold Ahlsen – Toni Goth – Franz Kuchler – Willy Purucker – Anna Wimschneider
1991: Hans Berger – Walter Flemmer – Heino Hallhuber – Hans Prähofer
1992: Ellis Kaut – Ernst Maria Lang – Herbert Rosendorfer – Rolf Alexander Wilhelm
1993: Manfred Bacher – Werner und Nannette Bald – Werner Specht – Michael Stiegler
1994: Fritz Fenzl – Enoch zu Guttenberg – Otto Meitinger – Hugo Strasser – Reiner Zimnik
1995: Ernst Otto Fischer – Kurt Graunke – Odilo Lechner – Alfons Schweiggert
1996: Florian Besold – Veronika Fitz – Peter Grassinger – Münchner Orchesterverein Wilde Gungl
1997: Sepp Eibl – Hans Fischach – Georg Maier – Rudolf Seitz
1998: Augsburger Domsingknaben – Ernst Krammer-Keck – Robert Naegele – Joseph Wahl
1999: Armin Eichholz – Fraunhofer Saitenmusik – Klaus Kiermeier – Walter Lindermeier
2000–2009
2000: Werner Herzog – Wilfried Hiller – Ernestine Koch – Hans Nöhbauer
2001: Ruth Drexel – Josef Steidle – Christian Ude – Sepp Winkler
2002: Josef Fendl – Janosch – Christian Neubauer – Ensemble Zapf’nstreich
2003: Silke Aichhorn – Margret Hölle – Helmut Seitz – Jutta Speidel
2004: Couplet-AG – Jörg Hube – Jutta Makowsky – Winfried Zehetmeier
2005: Frank-Markus Barwasser – Hans-Jürgen Buchner – Gert Heidenreich – Erich Jooß – Lotte Roth-Wölfle
2006: Hedi Heres – Dieter Hildebrandt – Walter Rupp – Günther Sigl und seine Spider Murphy Gang
2007: Martha Schad – Michael Skasa – Notker Wolf
2008: Biermösl Blosn – Gerhard Polt – Norbert Göttler – Reinhard Wittmann
2009: Monika Baumgartner – Klaus Eberlein – Michael Groißmeier – Konstantin Wecker
2010–2019
2010: Franz Eder – Bruno Jonas – Monika Pauderer – Hans Roth
2011: Markus Wasmeier – Jo Baier – Helmut Eckl – Münchner Saitentratzer
2012: Bayerischer Rundfunk – Michael Lerchenberg – Josef M. Redl – Hardy Scharf
2013: Gustl Bauer – Claudia Schlenger and Hanns Meilhamer (Herbert und Schnipsi) – Zither-Manä – Ilse Neubauer
2014: Miroslav Nemec – Asta Scheib – Gisela Schneeberger – Traudi Siferlinger – Udo Wachtveitl
2015: La Brass Banda – Anton G. Leitner – Marcus H. Rosenmüller – Christian Springer – Brigitte Walbrun
2016: Werner Asam – Hans Göttler – Lisa Fitz – Elmar Wepper – Tanngrindler Musikanten
2017: Fredl Fesl, Toni Drexler, Fitzgerald Kusz, Produktion "Rosenheim Cops"
2018: Michaela May, Andreas Giebel, Friedrich Ani, Bob Ross ("Blechschaden")
2019: Maria Peschek, Ludwig Zehetner, Christoph Süß
2020–
2022: Michaela Karl – Harald Grill – Luise Kinseher – Eisi Gulp
References
External links
Literary awards of Bavaria |
The Busan Yachting Center () is a yachting center in Busan, South Korea. Constructed between June 1983 and May 1986 after receiving permission from the Busan Port Authority in early 1982, the venue hosted the sailing competitions for the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.
References
1988 Summer Olympics official report. Volume 1. Part 1. pp. 190–1.
External links
Information from the Korean tourism organization
Information from the Busan Sports Facilities Management Office
Venues of the 1988 Summer Olympics
Olympic sailing venues
Sports venues in South Korea
Sports venues in Busan
Venues of the 2002 Asian Games
Venues of the 1986 Asian Games |
Beachwood Canyon is a community in the Hollywood Hills, in the northern portion of Hollywood in Los Angeles, California. The upper portion of the canyon is the Hollywoodland community that was advertised in the 1920s by the original of what is now known as the Hollywood Sign. The neighborhood features its own market, cafe, private mailbox rental, florist and stables.
History
Home to more than 22,000 residents, Beachwood Canyon was first developed in the 1920s by a syndicate composed of West Hollywood's founder, Gen. M. H. Sherman; Los Angeles Times publisher Harry Chandler; and real estate mogul Sidney Woodruff (who also developed Dana Point). The architects and landscapers who developed the enclave drew inspiration from the southern regions of France, Italy and Spain, as well as the turreted castles of Germany, building in the Storybook house architectural style
Film directors have favored the canyon over the years, so movies such as the original Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956) were filmed there, with terrorized masses running down Belden Drive.
Notable residents (past and present)
Steve Agee, comedian, actor, writer
Kevin Bacon, actor
Ned Beatty, actor
Jamie Bell, actor
Jack Black, actor
Humphrey Bogart, actor
Adam Carolla, radio and television personality
Guy Chambers, English songwriter and record producer
Steve Coogan, English comic actor
Lisa Coleman, Musician
Charlie Chaplin
David Cook, Musician and winner of American Idol
Chris D'Elia, American actor and comedian
Mac Danzig, American mixed-martial artist
William De Los Santos, poet, screenwriter and film director
Peter Deuel, actor
Dean Delray, comedian and actor
Alexandre Desplat, composer
Minnie Driver, actress
Gustavo Dudamel, Music Director of the Los Angeles Philharmonic
Fred Durst, musician
James Duval, actor
Peg Entwistle, Broadway actress who died by suicide from atop the HOLLYWOODLAND sign in 1932
Peter Freeman, multi-instrumentalist and music producer
Anna Friel, actress
Halsey, singer
George Furth, actor
Troy Garity, actor
Kim Gardner, singer and restaurateur
Heather Graham, actress
Aldous Huxley, English writer and novelist
Laura Huxley, author and lecturer
Maynard James Keenan, singer and songwriter
Anna Kendrick, actress
Anthony Kiedis, singer and songwriter
Mila Kunis, actress
Heath Ledger, actor
Sharmagne Leland-St. John, poet, author, filmmaker, concert performer
David Livingston, Television Director and Producer
Bela Lugosi, actor
Lykke Li, singer
Madonna, singer, actress, and director
Jason Mantzoukas, actor
Ray Manzarek, singer and songwriter
Chris Matthews, political commentator
Jack McBrayer, actor
Wendy Melvoin, Musician
Thomas Middleditch, actor
Moby, Musician, DJ, and photographer
D.W. Moffett, actor, writer, and director
Jack Nitzsche, musician, composer
Hal Ozsan, actor
Teresa Palmer, actress
Keanu Reeves, actor
Margot Robbie, actress and film producer
William N. Robson, musician and radio producer
Howard A. Rodman, screenwriter and novelist
Samantha Ronson, DJ
Axl Rose, musician
Camille Rowe, model
Andy Samberg, comedian, and Joanna Newsom, musician
Ben Schwartz, comedian, actor
Grant Show, actor
Jessica Simpson, singer, actor
Brooke Smith, actress
Michael Sopkiw, actor
Ralph Story, radio and television personality
Harry Styles, musician and actor
John Taylor, musician
David Thewlis, actor
Louis Tomlinson, singer
Peter Tork, singer
Dean Torrence, singer
Robert Townsend, actor and director
Mayra Veronica, singer and author, Miss USO
Antonio Villaraigosa, Former California gubernatorial candidate and former mayor of Los Angeles
Jack Webb, actor
Jane Wiedlin, guitarist and member of the all female band The Go-Go's
Forest Whitaker, actor, director and producer
Hana Vu, singer and songwriter
Charli XCX, singer
Regina King, actor, director, and producer
Bobby Lee, comedian, actor
Education
The neighborhood is zoned to LAUSD schools.
Cheremoya Elementary School
Le Conte Middle School
Hollywood High School
References
External links
Los Angeles Times, Real Estate section, Neighborly Advice column: "[Beachwood Canyon:] Serene, scenic enclave born in 'Hollywoodland' days" (7 Dec 2003)
Beachwood Canyon Neighborhood Association
Neighborhoods in Los Angeles
Hollywood Hills
Populated places in the Santa Monica Mountains
Bela Lugosi |
Michael Trudgill MSc MB BCh MRCGP Dip IMC RCS(Ed) DAvMed DOccMed FAsMA FRAeS (born 1966) is the Chief Medical Officer (CMO) for the UK Civil Aviation Authority. Previously Trudgill was a British Senior Medical Officer and Officer Commanding for the Aircrew Equipment Integration Group at the RAF Centre of Aviation Medicine, a former serving Wing Commander in the Royal Air Force, a recipient of the Richard Fox-Linton Memorial Prize in 2005, the Astra Zeneca Prize for Occupational Medicine in 2006, the MOD Chief Scientific Adviser’s Commendation in 2010 and, in 2012, received international awards being made a Fellow of the Aerospace Medical Association and receiving the John Paul Stapp Award for his outstanding contribution to aviation medicine.
Life
Michael John Ashley Trudgill was born in Ampthill in 1966. He was educated at Bedford Modern School and the University of Wales, College of Medicine where he graduated in medicine in 1989.
Trudgill became a member of the Royal College of General Practitioners in 1996 before completing further postgraduate diplomas in Immediate Medical Care and Occupational Medicine. He completed the diploma in Aviation Medicine in 1997 and began his career in aviation medicine at the newly formed RAF Centre of Aviation Medicine in 2000.
During his service career, Trudgill saw operational service in the first and second Gulf Wars as well as the Balkans. Trudgill left the Royal Air Force as a Wing Commander in 2004, but continued to work as a civilian senior medical officer at the RAF Centre of Aviation Medicine. Dr Trudgill served as Senior Medical Officer and Officer Commanding for the Aircrew Equipment Integration Group at the RAF Centre of Aviation Medicine where his work covers all aspects of aircrew safety and their protection equipment.
Dr. Trudgill was made a Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society in 2004, received the Richard Fox-Linton Memorial Prize in 2005, Astra Zeneca Prize For Occupational Medicine in 2006 and the MOD Chief Scientific Adviser’s Commendation in 2010. In 2012 he received international awards from the Aerospace Medical Association with the John Paul Stapp Award for his outstanding contribution to aviation medicine and was elected a Fellow in Aerospace Medicine.
References
External links
Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Vol. 83, No. 7, July 2012
1966 births
Living people
Royal Air Force Medical Service officers
Alumni of the University of Wales
People educated at Bedford Modern School |
The Lantau Trail (), opened on 4 December 1984, is a long-distance footpath on Lantau Island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. The trail is a loop starting and finishing in Mui Wo. It is the third longest trail in Hong Kong, after MacLehose Trail and Wilson Trail. The Lantau Trail has good visitor facilities along the way, and the route is well marked. There are information boards and maps at junctions between each stage. Distance posts around 500 metres apart help hikers know where they are. At each turning, route signs give instructions about directions, place names, and the distances and times for hiking between various locations.
Stages
The Lantau Trail has 12 stages. There are distance posts along the trail, numbered L000 through L140, every 500m:
Easy Walk
Fairly Difficult
Very Difficult
1 Path is rerouted. The Section 3/4 changeover appears now to occur very close to the Ngong Ping 360 cable lift. Section 4 for the most part follows Ngong Ping Road from Ngong Ping 360 to the start of Section 5. As of April 2019, Google Maps has the correct route in its database.
Trail rerouting at Ngong Ping (Sections 3 and 4)
The current routing leaves it unclear if the Section 3/4 changeover is near distance post L027 or distance post L030. The previous changeover was at L027. For easiest access to/from Ngong Ping and Ngong Ping 360, follow the trail to distance post L030. Once at the cable car station, follow the pedestrian shopping precinct in the direction of the Tian Tan Buddha for around 200m, watching on the right for a poorly displayed Lantau Trail sign pointing hikers downhill along Ngong Ping Road and Sham Wat Road. Section 4 continues on the road all the way to Section 5.
Trail closing at Yi O (Section 7) and related controversy
The trail crosses private land at Yi O Village and access is officially closed (as verified in December 2013).
Along the trail is posted the following message:
Farmland rehabilitation within private lots in Yi O Kau Tsuen and Yi O San Tsuen is in progress. The land owners do not allow unauthorised access to those villages. The affected sections of Lantau Trail Section 7 passing through those villages will be diverted. Visitors who wish to go to Fan Lau or Kau Liu Chung are advised to choose alternative route as shown on the map below.
The closing applies approximately to the part of Section 7 between distance posts 062 and 065 only, but the alternate route skips a length of trail starting from around distance post 059 and ending around distance post 073. Portions of the alternate route are available on Google maps as of April 2019. The intermediate distance posts in the closed section appear to have been removed. There is currently no sign indicating when (or if) the original part of Section 7 will be restored.
One can find the approximate original route by turning left at the end of the paved path, following the trail/dirt road, and then staying to the left of the organic produce farm. However use of this route, as a separate sign indicates, will be considered trespassing—those who choose to find the original route should be mindful about causing disruptions. The suggested alternate route leaves the Lantau Trail right after distance post 059 (and immediately before Na Ying Kok campsite) and rejoins the trail near distance post 073. Substantial clearing work for an organic farm has occurred since 2010, so finding the trail may be difficult.,
The trail closing has, as of December 2013, generated considerable political controversy. The developer of the 9-hectare organic farm, Andrew Lam Siu-lo, is being investigated for having cleared ecologically sensitive land by burning and for having brought heavy construction machinery into a protected Hong Kong country park. The Yi O village area has protected wetland area and is one of the few habitats of Hong Kong's endemic and rare Romer's tree frog. Lam was a top advisor to Hong Kong Chief Executive CY Leung's 2012 campaign. Rerouting of the trail appears to have been unnecessary and one might reasonably point to Mr. Lam's motivation in attempting to keep the public away from Yi O. Other than some recent development, Yi O appears to be an all but abandoned village, having lost its population long ago, and therefore restrictions against "trespassing" on village property might only make sense in the context of Mr. Lam's development project.
The trail is opened to pedestrian traffic as of November 2020.
Phoenix Walkathon
The Phoenix Walkathon was previously held by the Hong Kong Ecotoursism Society along the 70-km Lantau Trail every year, although it was cancelled in the early 2000s.
See also
The Big Buddha (Hong Kong)
List of long-distance footpaths in Hong Kong
References
External links
Enjoy Hiking - Hiking Routes
Hong Kong Ecotourism Society
Trail route with section markers
Video record of hike on Section 7 prior to the farm development
Hiking trails in Hong Kong
Lantau Island |
Vladimir Vladimirovich Zavyalov (; born 1 May 1974) is a Kazakhstani retired ice hockey player. During his career he played for several teams in Kazakhstan, Russia, and Belarus. Zavyalov also played for the Kazakhstani national team at the 1998 Winter Olympic Games and multiple World Championships.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
RUS.3 totals do not include numbers from the 1993–94 season.
International
References
External links
1974 births
Living people
Barys Nur-Sultan players
HC CSKA Moscow players
HC Dinamo Minsk players
HC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk players
HC Sibir Novosibirsk players
HC Vityaz players
HK Vitebsk players
Ice hockey players at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Kazakhstani ice hockey centres
Kazzinc-Torpedo players
Krylya Sovetov Moscow players
Metallurg Novokuznetsk players
Olympic ice hockey players for Kazakhstan
Rubin Tyumen players
Saryarka Karagandy players
Severstal Cherepovets players
Ice hockey people from Oskemen
Yunost Minsk players
Asian Games gold medalists for Kazakhstan
Medalists at the 1996 Asian Winter Games
Asian Games medalists in ice hockey
Ice hockey players at the 1996 Asian Winter Games |
Syed Ali Raza Shah (7 June 1946 – 8 November 2015) is a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from 2013 until his death in 2015.
Political career
He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab in 1977 Pakistani general election.
He was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Islami Jamhoori Ittehad in 1988 Pakistani general election.
He was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab in 1990 Pakistani general election.
He was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab in 1993 Pakistani general election.
He was elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan as well.
He was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) from Constituency PP-89 (Toba Tek Singh-VI) in 2008 Pakistani general election.
He was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) from Constituency PP-89 (Toba Tek Singh-VI) in 2013 Pakistani general election.
References
1946 births
2015 deaths
Punjab MPAs 1977
Punjab MPAs 1988–1990
Punjab MPAs 1990–1993
Punjab MPAs 1993–1996
Punjab MPAs 2008–2013
Punjab MPAs 2013–2018
Pakistan Muslim League (N) MPAs (Punjab) |
The canton of Saint-Haon-le-Châtel is a French former administrative division located in the department of Loire and the Rhône-Alpes region. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It consisted of 12 communes, which joined the new canton of Renaison in 2015. It had 13,032 inhabitants (2012).
The canton comprised the following communes:
Ambierle
Arcon
Noailly
Les Noës
Renaison
Saint-Alban-les-Eaux
Saint-André-d'Apchon
Saint-Germain-Lespinasse
Saint-Haon-le-Châtel
Saint-Haon-le-Vieux
Saint-Rirand
Saint-Romain-la-Motte
See also
Cantons of the Loire department
References
Former cantons of Loire (department)
2015 disestablishments in France
States and territories disestablished in 2015 |
Dewa Singhwala is a village in Sultanpur Lodhi tehsil in Kapurthala district of Punjab, India. Dewa Singhwala village is located in Sultanpur Lodhi Tehsil of Kapurthala district in Punjab, India. Kapurthala and Sultanpur Lodhi are the district & sub-district headquarters of Dewa Singhwala village respectively. The village is administrated by a Sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per the constitution of India and Panchayati raj (India).
References
List of cities near the village
Bhulath
Kapurthala
Phagwara
Sultanpur Lodhi
Air travel connectivity
The closest International airport to the village is Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport.
External links
Villages in Kapurthala
List of Villages in Kapurthala Tehsil
Villages in Kapurthala district |
Failsworth tram stop is a Manchester Metrolink tram stop on the Oldham and Rochdale Line in Failsworth, Greater Manchester. It was formerly a railway station before its conversion to Metrolink in 2012.
History
Failsworth railway station opened on 26 April 1881 and was situated in Failsworth, in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Greater Manchester, England. It was notable for its wooden platforms. The station was on the Oldham Loop Line north east of Manchester Victoria, and was operated and managed by Northern Rail at the time of its closure.
The station closed on 3 October 2009 to enable the line to be converted to a Metrolink service. It was rebuilt and reopened as Failsworth tram stop on 13 June 2012.
On 6 February 2013, a pedestrian died after a collision with a tram at the stop.
Service pattern
12 minute service to with double trams in the peak
12 minute service to with double trams in the peak
6 minute service to with double trams in the peak
Connecting bus routes
Failsworth station is served by two direct bus service but several services also stop nearby. Stotts Tours route 151 runs northbound to Hollinwood via New Moston and southbound to Hightown via Newton Heath, Harpurhey and Cheetham Hill. Stotts Tours route 159 also stops outside and runs northbound to Middleton via New Moston and southbound to Oldham via Woodhouses, Hollinwood and Chadderton.
On Oldham Road, First Greater Manchester routes 83, 180 and 184 provide frequent and direct buses between Manchester and Oldham with the 83 continuing to Sholver and the 180/184 running to Saddleworth plus Huddersfield (184).
References
External links
Metrolink stop information
Failsworth area map
Tram stops in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham
Former Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1881
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 2009
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 2012
Tram stops on the East Didsbury to Rochdale line
1881 establishments in England
Failsworth |
Igor Cașu (born 8 October 1973) is a historian from the Republic of Moldova.
Biography
Igor Cașu was born on October 8, 1973, in Borogani, district Comrat, now in Leova. He studied history for 3 years at State University of Moldova and then transferred to University of Iași where he graduated with an MA in history in 1995 and subsequently defended his PhD at the same university – University of Iași - in 2000. The subject of his Ph.D. was Soviet Nationalities Politicy in Moldavia, 1944–1989.
In 2000 fall semester he was Fulbright Scholar-in-Residence at Lenoir-Rhyne College in Hickory, North Carolina, teaching a course on Balkan History and Politics in the 20th Century.
He contributed in 2006 to the Presidential Commission for the Study of the Communist Dictatorship in Romania as expert on former Moldavian SSR.
Igor Cașu has been also deputy Chair of the Commission for the analysis of the totalitarian communist regime in the Republic of Moldova, designated by Presidential Decree signed by the Acting President of Moldova, Mihai Ghimpu.
Since October 2010 he is (founding) Director of the Center for the Study of Totalitarianism at the Faculty of History and Philosophy, State University of Moldova in Chişinău. He contributed for Radio Free Europe (2010–2011), Romanian language section (http://www.europalibera.org/author/20709.html) as well as to Romanian daily Adevărul (2010-2014), Chişinău edition (http://adevarul.ro/blogs/igor.casu).
Works
The following is a list of works that were published:
Foametea din anii 1946-1947 din RSS Moldovenească: cauze şi consecinţe/The Mass Famine in the Moldavian SSR, 1946-1947: causes and consequences—accessibile at https://www.academia.edu/7785239/Foametea_din_anii_1946-1947_din_RSS_Moldoveneasca_cauze_si_consecinte_The_Mass_Famine_in_the_Moldavian_SSR_1946-1947_causes_and_consequences
"Marea Teroare" in RASS Moldovenească, 1937-1938 (context intern și extern; operațiunile "culăcească" și "română"; represiuni față de nomenclatură; probe ale folosirii torturii/violenței)—accessibile at https://www.academia.edu/7973252/_Marea_Teroare_in_RASS_Moldoveneasca_1937-1938_context_intern_%C8%99i_extern_opera%C8%9Biunile_culaceasca_%C8%99i_romana_represiuni_fa%C8%9Ba_de_nomenclatura_probe_ale_folosirii_torturii_violen%C8%9Bei_
Голод в Молдавской ССР 1946-1947 гг.: причины и последствия (https://usm-md.academia.edu/IgorCasu)
Большой Террор в Молдавской АССР, 1937-1938 гг. ("кулацкая" и "румынская" операции, репрессии против номенклатуры и доказательства использования насилия) (https://usm-md.academia.edu/IgorCasu)
Conflicte între Ministerul de Interne (MVD) şi Securitatea Statului (MGB) în ajunul şi în timpul deportării în masă din iulie 1949 din RSS Moldovenească (https://usm-md.academia.edu/IgorCasu)
Конфликты между МВД и МГБ накануне и во время массовой депортации из Молдавской ССР (июль 1949 г.) (https://usm-md.academia.edu/IgorCasu)
У истоков советизации Бессарабии. Выявление "классового врага", конфискация имущества и трудовая мобилизация, 1940-1941. Сборник документов [At the Origins of Sovietization of Bessarabia. Identification of "class enemy", confiscation of property and work mobilization, 1940–1941. Collections of documents from party, government and NKVD/KGB archives], Chişinău, Cartier, 2014, 458 p. List of documents in Russian, Romanian and English, introduction in Russian and Romanian as well as short summary in English available at: https://www.academia.edu/7393697/_._1940-1941._
Duşmanul de clasă. Represiuni politice, violenţă şi rezistenţă în R(A)SS Moldovenească, 1924-1956 [Class Enemy. Political Repressions, Violence and Resistance in Moldavian (A)SSR], Chişinău, Cartier, 2014, 396 p. A summary in English available at: https://www.academia.edu/616126/Class_Enemy._Political_Repressions_Violence_and_Resistance_in_Moldavian_A_SSR_1924-1956_Chisinau_Cartier_2014_396_p._Summary_in_English_in_Romanian_Russian_version_to_be_ready_soon_
Discontent and Uncertainty in theBorderlands: Soviet Moldavia and the SecretSpeech 1956–1957, in Europe-Asia Studies, 66:4, 2014, p. 613-644, co-author Mark Sandle. A summary in English available at: https://www.academia.edu/6931057/Discontent_and_Uncertainty_in_the_Borderlands_Soviet_Moldavia_and_the_Secret_Speech_1956-1957
"World History and History of Romanians". History textbook for the 12th grade, recommended by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Moldova, Chişinău, Cartier, 2013, 144 pages (co-author with Igor Şarov, Virgil Pâslariuc, Flavius Solomon and Pavel Cerbuşcă).
"Political Repressions in Moldavian SSR after 1956: Towards a Typology Based on KGB files", in Dystopia. Journal of Totalitarian Ideologies and Regimes, vol. 1–2, 2012, p. 89-127. Full text available at: https://www.academia.edu/4921186/Political_Repressions_in_Moldavian_SSR_after_1956_Towards_a_Typology_Based_on_KGB_files
"Was the Soviet Union an Empire? A view from Chisinau", in Dystopia. Journal of Totalitarian Ideologies and Regimes, vol. 1–2, 2012, p. 277-290. Full text available at: https://www.academia.edu/1055280/Was_the_Soviet_Union_an_Empire_A_view_from_Chisinau
Fără termen de prescripţie. Aspecte ale crimelor comunismului în Europa [No Statute of Limitations. Aspects of the Communist Crimes in Europe], Chişinău, Cartier, 2011 (co-editor with Sergiu Musteaţă), 780 p.
Republica Moldova de la Perestroikă la independenţă, 1989-1991. Documente secrete din arhiva CC a PCM [The Republic of Moldova from Perestroika to independence, 1989–1991. Secret Documents from the Archive of the CC of PCM], introduction and titles of documents in Romanian, Russian and English, Chişinău, Cartdidact, 2011, 692 p. (main co-editor, with Igor Şarov). Full text available online at: https://www.academia.edu/4183904/Republica_Moldova_de_la_Perestroika_la_independenta_1989_1991._Documente_inedite_2011_-_Moldova_from_Perestroika_to_Independence_1989-1991._Secret_documents_2011._In_original_Russian_with_contents_and_introduction_in_Romanian_English_and_Russian
Al Doilea Război Mondial în Estul şi Vestul Europei. Istorie şi memorie [Second World War in Eastern and Western Europe. History and Memory], Chişinău, Cartier, 2013, 332 p. (co-editor with Diana Dumitru, Andrei Cuşco and Petru Negură).
"Был ли Советский Союз империей? Взгляд из Кишинева" // НЕПРИКОСНОВЕННЫЙ ЗАПАС (МОСКВА) No. 78 (4/2011). Full text available at: http://magazines.russ.ru/nz/2011/4/ka13.html
"Stalinist Terror in Soviet Moldavia, 1940-1953", in Kevin McDermott, Matthew Stibbe, eds., Stalinist Terror in Eastern Europe. Elite purges and mass repression, Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 2010, p. 39-56.
"Chestiunea revizuirii hotarelor RSS Moldoveneşti: de la proiectul "Moldova Mare" la proiectul "Basarabia Mare" şi cauzele eşecului acestora (decembrie 1943 – iunie 1946)" [ Moldavian SSR's Border Revision Question: From The Project of "Greater Moldavia" to The Project of "Greater Bessarabia" and The Causes of their Failure(December 1943 – June 1946)]. Documents in original Russian, translated in Romanian, with Introduction article of 22 pages, English summary of 2 pages, co-edited with Virgil Pâslariuc, in Archiva Moldaviae, no. 2, 2010, p. 275-370. Full text available online at: https://www.academia.edu/5465961/Chestiunea_revizuirii_hotarelor_RSS_Moldovenesti_de_la_proiectul_Moldova_Mare_la_proiectul_Basarabia_Mare_si_cauzele_esecului_acestora_decembrie_1943_-_iunie_1946_
"Represiunile comuniste în Moldova Sovietică", în Vladimir Tismăneanu, Dorin Dobrincu, Vasile Cristian, eds., "Raportul Comisiei Prezidenţiale pentru analiza dictaturii comuniste din România", București, Humanitas publishing house, 2007.
"Le Goulag Bessarabien: Deportations, Repressions, Famine, 1940-1941, 1944-1953", in Communisme (Paris), no. 91–92, 2007, p. 129-138. Full text available at: https://www.academia.edu/3049764/Le_Goulag_Bessarabien_Deportations_Repressions_Famine_1940-1941_1944-1953
"Politica naţională" în Moldova Sovietică, 1944–1989 [Nationalities Policy in Soviet Moldavia, 1944-1989], Chişinău, Editura Cartdidact, 2000, 214 p. Summary in English and Russian. Full text available at: https://www.academia.edu/377397/Nationalities_Policy_in_Soviet_Moldavia_1944-1989
Istoria Universală Contemporană, clasa a 9-a, Chişinău, Civitas, 2005.
"Zur Binnendeportation von sowjetischen Deutschen und Juden im und nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg", in Krista Zach et al.(eds.), Migration im sudostlichen Mitteleuropa. Auswanderung, Flucht, Deportation, Exil im 20. Jahrhundert, IKGS Verlag, Munchen, 2005
Politică, societate şi cultură în sud-estul şi vestul Europei (mastercourse), Chişinau, TACIS, 2001.
"Nation Building in the Era of Integration: The case of Moldova", in Konrad Jarausch and Thomas Lindenberger (eds.), Conflicting Memories: Europeanizing Contemporary History'', Oxford, Berghan Books, 2007, p. 237-253
Footnotes
External links
Preşedintele interimar al Republicii Moldova Mihai Ghimpu a emis un decret prezidenţial privind constituirea Comisiei pentru studierea şi aprecierea regimului comunist totalitar din Republica Moldova.
Lavinia Stan. Review of Cașu, Igor, Dușmanul de clasă: Represiuni politice, violenţă şi rezistenţă în R(A)SS Moldovenească, 1924-1956. H-Romania, H-Net Reviews. September, 2014.
1973 births
Living people
21st-century Moldovan historians
Alexandru Ioan Cuza University alumni
Members of the Commission for the Study of the Communist Dictatorship in Moldova |
```java
/*
*
*/
package io.debezium.connector.jdbc.transforms;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.kafka.common.config.ConfigException;
import org.apache.kafka.connect.data.Schema;
import org.apache.kafka.connect.data.Struct;
import org.apache.kafka.connect.sink.SinkRecord;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;
import io.debezium.connector.jdbc.util.DebeziumSinkRecordFactory;
import io.debezium.connector.jdbc.util.SinkRecordFactory;
import io.debezium.converters.spi.SerializerType;
import io.debezium.doc.FixFor;
/**
* Unit tests for {@link ConvertCloudEventToSaveableForm}
*
* @author Roman Kudryashov
*/
class ConvertCloudEventToSaveableFormTest {
@Test
@FixFor({ "DBZ-7065", "DBZ-7130" })
void testConvertCloudEventRecordWithEmptyConfig() {
try (ConvertCloudEventToSaveableForm transform = new ConvertCloudEventToSaveableForm()) {
final Map<String, String> config = new HashMap<>();
Exception exception = assertThrows(ConfigException.class, () -> transform.configure(config));
assertThat(exception.getMessage())
.isEqualTo("Invalid value null for configuration serializer.type: Serialization/deserialization type of CloudEvents converter is required");
}
}
@ParameterizedTest
@ValueSource(strings = { "json", "avro" })
@FixFor({ "DBZ-7065", "DBZ-7130" })
void testConvertNotCloudEventRecord(String serializerType) {
try (ConvertCloudEventToSaveableForm transform = new ConvertCloudEventToSaveableForm()) {
final Map<String, String> config = new HashMap<>();
config.put("serializer.type", serializerType);
transform.configure(config);
final SinkRecordFactory factory = new DebeziumSinkRecordFactory();
final SinkRecord createRecord = factory.createRecord("test.topic");
assertThat(createRecord.valueSchema().name()).doesNotEndWith(".CloudEvents.Envelope");
final SinkRecord convertedRecord = transform.apply(createRecord);
assertThat(convertedRecord).isEqualTo(createRecord);
}
}
@ParameterizedTest
@ValueSource(strings = { "json", "avro" })
@FixFor({ "DBZ-7065", "DBZ-7130" })
void testConvertCloudEventRecordWithEmptyMapping(String serializerType) {
try (ConvertCloudEventToSaveableForm transform = new ConvertCloudEventToSaveableForm()) {
final Map<String, String> config = new HashMap<>();
config.put("serializer.type", serializerType);
transform.configure(config);
final SinkRecordFactory factory = new DebeziumSinkRecordFactory();
final SinkRecord cloudEventRecord = factory.cloudEventRecord("test.topic", SerializerType.withName(serializerType), null);
if (serializerType.equals("avro")) {
assertThat(cloudEventRecord.valueSchema().name()).endsWith(".CloudEvents.Envelope");
assertThat(cloudEventRecord.valueSchema().fields().size()).isEqualTo(7);
assertThat(cloudEventRecord.valueSchema().field("id").schema()).isEqualTo(Schema.STRING_SCHEMA);
}
final SinkRecord convertedRecord = transform.apply(cloudEventRecord);
assertThat(convertedRecord).isEqualTo(cloudEventRecord);
}
}
@ParameterizedTest
@ValueSource(strings = { "json", "avro" })
@FixFor({ "DBZ-7065", "DBZ-7130" })
void testConvertCloudEventRecordWithMappingOfIdField(String serializerType) {
try (ConvertCloudEventToSaveableForm transform = new ConvertCloudEventToSaveableForm()) {
final Map<String, String> config = new HashMap<>();
config.put("fields.mapping", "id");
config.put("serializer.type", serializerType);
transform.configure(config);
final SinkRecordFactory factory = new DebeziumSinkRecordFactory();
final SinkRecord cloudEventRecord = factory.cloudEventRecord("test.topic", SerializerType.withName(serializerType), null);
if (serializerType.equals("avro")) {
assertThat(cloudEventRecord.valueSchema().name()).endsWith(".CloudEvents.Envelope");
assertThat(cloudEventRecord.valueSchema().fields().size()).isEqualTo(7);
assertThat(cloudEventRecord.valueSchema().field("id").schema()).isEqualTo(Schema.STRING_SCHEMA);
}
final SinkRecord convertedRecord = transform.apply(cloudEventRecord);
assertThat(convertedRecord).isNotNull();
assertThat(convertedRecord).isNotEqualTo(cloudEventRecord);
assertThat(convertedRecord.valueSchema().type()).isEqualTo(Schema.Type.STRUCT);
assertThat(convertedRecord.valueSchema().name()).isNull();
assertThat(convertedRecord.valueSchema().fields().size()).isEqualTo(1);
assertThat(convertedRecord.valueSchema().field("id").schema()).isEqualTo(Schema.STRING_SCHEMA);
assertThat(convertedRecord.value()).isInstanceOf(Struct.class);
assertThat(((Struct) convertedRecord.value()).getString("id")).isNotBlank();
checkParamsOfOriginalAndConvertedRecordsAreEqual(cloudEventRecord, convertedRecord);
}
}
@Test
@FixFor("DBZ-7235")
void your_sha256_hashtomNameAndMappingOfIdField() {
try (ConvertCloudEventToSaveableForm transform = new ConvertCloudEventToSaveableForm()) {
final Map<String, String> config = new HashMap<>();
config.put("fields.mapping", "id");
// the test is not applicable to `json` because in that case the schema name is not checked by CloudEventsValidator
config.put("serializer.type", "avro");
transform.configure(config);
final SinkRecordFactory factory = new DebeziumSinkRecordFactory();
final SinkRecord cloudEventRecord = factory.cloudEventRecord("test.topic", SerializerType.withName("avro"), "TestCESchemaCustomName");
assertThat(cloudEventRecord.valueSchema().name()).isEqualTo("TestCESchemaCustomName");
assertThat(cloudEventRecord.valueSchema().fields().size()).isEqualTo(7);
assertThat(cloudEventRecord.valueSchema().field("id").schema()).isEqualTo(Schema.STRING_SCHEMA);
final SinkRecord convertedRecord = transform.apply(cloudEventRecord);
assertThat(convertedRecord).isNotNull();
// main check: the record was not converted. This is because the transform was not configured with a custom CloudEvents schema name
// but the incoming record had a custom name so CloudEventsValidator decided it is not a valid CloudEvent record
assertThat(convertedRecord).isEqualTo(cloudEventRecord);
}
}
@Test
@FixFor("DBZ-7235")
void your_sha256_hashtomNameAndMappingOfIdField() {
try (ConvertCloudEventToSaveableForm transform = new ConvertCloudEventToSaveableForm()) {
final Map<String, String> config = new HashMap<>();
config.put("fields.mapping", "id");
// the test is not applicable to `json` because in that case the schema name is not checked by CloudEventsValidator
config.put("serializer.type", "avro");
config.put("schema.cloudevents.name", "TestCESchemaCustomName");
transform.configure(config);
final SinkRecordFactory factory = new DebeziumSinkRecordFactory();
final SinkRecord cloudEventRecord = factory.cloudEventRecord("test.topic", SerializerType.withName("avro"), null);
assertThat(cloudEventRecord.valueSchema().name()).isEqualTo("test.test.CloudEvents.Envelope");
assertThat(cloudEventRecord.valueSchema().fields().size()).isEqualTo(7);
assertThat(cloudEventRecord.valueSchema().field("id").schema()).isEqualTo(Schema.STRING_SCHEMA);
final SinkRecord convertedRecord = transform.apply(cloudEventRecord);
assertThat(convertedRecord).isNotNull();
// main check: the record was not converted. This is because the transform was configured with a custom CloudEvents schema name
// but the incoming record had a generated by default name so CloudEventsValidator decided it is not a valid CloudEvent record
assertThat(convertedRecord).isEqualTo(cloudEventRecord);
}
}
@Test
@FixFor("DBZ-7235")
void your_sha256_hashNameAndMappingOfIdField() {
try (ConvertCloudEventToSaveableForm transform = new ConvertCloudEventToSaveableForm()) {
final Map<String, String> config = new HashMap<>();
config.put("fields.mapping", "id");
// the test is not applicable to `json` because in that case the schema name is not checked by CloudEventsValidator
config.put("serializer.type", "avro");
config.put("schema.cloudevents.name", "TestCESchemaCustomName");
transform.configure(config);
final SinkRecordFactory factory = new DebeziumSinkRecordFactory();
final SinkRecord cloudEventRecord = factory.cloudEventRecord("test.topic", SerializerType.withName("avro"), "TestCESchemaCustomName");
assertThat(cloudEventRecord.valueSchema().name()).isEqualTo("TestCESchemaCustomName");
assertThat(cloudEventRecord.valueSchema().fields().size()).isEqualTo(7);
assertThat(cloudEventRecord.valueSchema().field("id").schema()).isEqualTo(Schema.STRING_SCHEMA);
final SinkRecord convertedRecord = transform.apply(cloudEventRecord);
assertThat(convertedRecord).isNotNull();
// main check: the record was converted. This is because the transform was configured with a custom CloudEvents schema name
// and the incoming record had the same custom name so CloudEventsValidator decided it is a valid CloudEvent record
assertThat(convertedRecord).isNotEqualTo(cloudEventRecord);
assertThat(convertedRecord.valueSchema().type()).isEqualTo(Schema.Type.STRUCT);
assertThat(convertedRecord.valueSchema().name()).isNull();
checkParamsOfOriginalAndConvertedRecordsAreEqual(cloudEventRecord, convertedRecord);
}
}
@ParameterizedTest
@ValueSource(strings = { "json", "avro" })
@FixFor({ "DBZ-7065", "DBZ-7130" })
void testConvertCloudEventRecordWithMappingOfDataField(String serializerType) {
try (ConvertCloudEventToSaveableForm transform = new ConvertCloudEventToSaveableForm()) {
final Map<String, String> config = new HashMap<>();
config.put("fields.mapping", "data");
config.put("serializer.type", serializerType);
transform.configure(config);
final SinkRecordFactory factory = new DebeziumSinkRecordFactory();
final SinkRecord cloudEventRecord = factory.cloudEventRecord("test.topic", SerializerType.withName(serializerType), null);
if (serializerType.equals("avro")) {
assertThat(cloudEventRecord.valueSchema().name()).endsWith(".CloudEvents.Envelope");
assertThat(cloudEventRecord.valueSchema().fields().size()).isEqualTo(7);
assertThat(cloudEventRecord.valueSchema().field("data").schema().type()).isEqualTo(Schema.Type.STRUCT);
}
final SinkRecord convertedRecord = transform.apply(cloudEventRecord);
assertThat(convertedRecord).isNotNull();
assertThat(convertedRecord).isNotEqualTo(cloudEventRecord);
assertThat(convertedRecord.valueSchema().type()).isEqualTo(Schema.Type.STRUCT);
assertThat(convertedRecord.valueSchema().name()).isNull();
assertThat(convertedRecord.valueSchema().fields().size()).isEqualTo(1);
assertThat(convertedRecord.valueSchema().field("data").schema()).isEqualTo(Schema.STRING_SCHEMA);
assertThat(convertedRecord.value()).isInstanceOf(Struct.class);
assertThat(((Struct) convertedRecord.value()).getString("data")).isNotBlank();
checkParamsOfOriginalAndConvertedRecordsAreEqual(cloudEventRecord, convertedRecord);
}
}
@ParameterizedTest
@ValueSource(strings = { "json", "avro" })
@FixFor({ "DBZ-7065", "DBZ-7130" })
void your_sha256_hash(String serializerType) {
try (ConvertCloudEventToSaveableForm transform = new ConvertCloudEventToSaveableForm()) {
final Map<String, String> config = new HashMap<>();
config.put("fields.mapping", "id,source:created_by,specversion:ce_spec_number,type,time:created_at,datacontenttype:payload_format,data:payload");
config.put("serializer.type", serializerType);
transform.configure(config);
final SinkRecordFactory factory = new DebeziumSinkRecordFactory();
final SinkRecord cloudEventRecord = factory.cloudEventRecord("test.topic", SerializerType.withName(serializerType), null);
if (serializerType.equals("avro")) {
assertThat(cloudEventRecord.valueSchema().name()).endsWith(".CloudEvents.Envelope");
assertThat(cloudEventRecord.valueSchema().fields().size()).isEqualTo(7);
assertThat(cloudEventRecord.valueSchema().field("data").schema().type()).isEqualTo(Schema.Type.STRUCT);
}
final SinkRecord convertedRecord = transform.apply(cloudEventRecord);
assertThat(convertedRecord).isNotNull();
assertThat(convertedRecord).isNotEqualTo(cloudEventRecord);
assertThat(convertedRecord.valueSchema().type()).isEqualTo(Schema.Type.STRUCT);
assertThat(convertedRecord.valueSchema().name()).isNull();
assertThat(convertedRecord.valueSchema().fields().size()).isEqualTo(7);
assertThat(convertedRecord.value()).isInstanceOf(Struct.class);
Struct convertedRecordValue = (Struct) convertedRecord.value();
assertThat(convertedRecordValue.getString("id")).isNotBlank();
assertThat(convertedRecordValue.getString("created_by")).isNotBlank();
assertThat(convertedRecordValue.getString("ce_spec_number")).isNotBlank();
assertThat(convertedRecordValue.getString("type")).isNotBlank();
assertThat(convertedRecordValue.getString("created_at")).isNotBlank();
assertThat(convertedRecordValue.getString("payload_format")).isNotBlank();
assertThat(convertedRecordValue.getString("payload")).isNotBlank();
checkParamsOfOriginalAndConvertedRecordsAreEqual(cloudEventRecord, convertedRecord);
}
}
private void checkParamsOfOriginalAndConvertedRecordsAreEqual(SinkRecord original, SinkRecord converted) {
assertThat(converted.topic()).isEqualTo(original.topic());
assertThat(converted.kafkaPartition()).isEqualTo(original.originalKafkaPartition());
assertThat(converted.kafkaOffset()).isEqualTo(original.originalKafkaOffset());
assertThat(converted.keySchema()).isEqualTo(original.keySchema());
assertThat(converted.key()).isEqualTo(original.key());
assertThat(converted.headers()).isEqualTo(original.headers());
assertThat(converted.timestamp()).isEqualTo(original.timestamp());
}
}
``` |
Enyalius leechii, Leech's fathead anole, is a species of lizard in the family Leiosauridae. It is native to Brazil.
References
Enyalius
Reptiles described in 1885
Reptiles of Brazil
Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger |
Ctesibius or Ktesibios or Tesibius (; fl. 285–222 BC) was a Greek inventor and mathematician in Alexandria, Ptolemaic Egypt. He wrote the first treatises on the science of compressed air and its uses in pumps (and even in a kind of cannon). This, in combination with his work On pneumatics on the elasticity of air, earned him the title of "father of pneumatics." None of his written work has survived, including his Memorabilia, a compilation of his research that was cited by Athenaeus. Ctesibius' most commonly known invention today is a pipe organ (hydraulis), a predecessor of the modern church organ.
Inventions
Ctesibius was probably the first head of the Museum of Alexandria. Very little is known of his life, but his inventions were well known. It is said (possibly by Diogenes Laërtius) that his first career was as a barber. During his time as a barber, he invented a counterweight-adjustable mirror. Another invention of his included the hydraulis, a water organ that is considered the precursor of the modern pipe organ, of which he and his wife Thais were highly reputed players. He improved the water clock or clepsydra ("water thief"), which for more than 1,800 years was the most accurate clock ever constructed, until the Dutch physicist Christiaan Huygens' invention of the pendulum clock in 1656.
Ctesibius described one of the first force pumps for producing a jet of water, or for lifting water from wells. Examples have been found at various Roman sites, such as at Silchester in Britain. The principle of the siphon has also been attributed to him.
According to Diogenes Laërtius, Ctesibius was miserably poor. Laërtius details this by recounting the following concerning the philosopher Arcesilaus:
Reputation
Ctesibius's work is chronicled by Vitruvius, Athenaeus, Pliny the Elder, and Philo of Byzantium who repeatedly mention him, adding that the first mechanicians such as Ctesibius had the advantage of being under kings who loved fame and supported the arts. Proclus (the commentator on Euclid) and Hero of Alexandria (the last of the engineers of antiquity) also mention him.
Commemoration
In 1976, the International Astronomical Union named the crater on the far side of the Moon Ctesibius.
References
Further reading
Ancient Greek inventors
Ancient Greek mathematicians
Ancient Alexandrians
3rd-century BC mathematicians
280s BC births
Year of birth uncertain
222 BC deaths |
Joachim II (1802 – 5 August 1878) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1860 to 1863 and from 1873 to 1878.
References
Clergy from Chios
1802 births
1878 deaths
Bishops of Ioannina
19th-century Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople |
The Haunted Monastery is a gong'an detective novel written by Robert van Gulik and set in Imperial China (roughly speaking the Tang dynasty). It is a fiction based on the real character of Judge Dee (Di Renjie), a magistrate and statesman of the Tang court, who lived roughly 630–700.
The book contains eight illustrations by the author as well as a diagram of the Monastery where the action takes place.
Plot introduction
Judge Dee and his three wives are on their way back from a visit to family in the capital accompanied by the Judge's aide Tao Gan when a terrible storm and a broken axle forces the party to take shelter for the night in an isolated Taoist monastery of sinister repute. The wives go directly to bed but the Judge is required to pay a courtesy visit to the Abbot. Judge Dee is a Confucist and has a poor opinion of Taoism which, like Buddhism, encourages adherents to become monks & nuns. He, however, diplomatically keeps his opinion to himself as he endures the feast & mystery play. Thus begins an endless night of murder, mayhem and madness as the Judge, suffering from the beginnings of a head cold, solves the mysterious deaths, punishes the guilty and brings two star-crossed young couples together. 'I ought to give up being a magistrate and set up for a matchmaker!' he says in disgust.
Of special interest is the gallery of horrors depicting the torments awaiting sinners in the Taoist hell as well as the vicious trained bear.
Literary significance and criticism
"Some interesting sidelights on Confucian and Taoist beliefs emerge from this tale of corruption and murder in a monastery, where Judge Dee runs into considerable danger but ends up administering justice in a primitive way. Perhaps because it is short and somewhat huddled, this work does not remain in the memory as one of his best".
Publication
Van Gulik found his London publisher Michael Joseph unwilling to publish more than one title a year so he decided to publish The Haunted Monastery privately by the Art Printing Works in Kuala Lumpur in 1961. The Red Pavilion was also similarly printed that year, The Lacquer Screen followed in 1962). All three were produced in paperback form with a print run of 2,000 copies. The Haunted Monastery was finally published in the UK by Heinemann in 1963.
On screen
In 1974 the novel The Haunted Monastery was produced as a TV movie for the ABC network by Gerald Isenberg with the title Judge Dee and the Monastery Murders. It was filmed with Khigh Dhiegh as Dee and an all-Asian cast (including Mako, Keye Luke, Soon-Tek Oh, Irene Tsu and James Hong). Writing was credited to Nicholas Meyer and Robert van Gulik. It was nominated for an Edgar Award, for Best Television Feature or Miniseries in 1975.
References
1961 novels
Gong'an novels
Judge Dee
Self-published books
Novels set in the 7th century
Novels set in the Tang dynasty
Dutch novels adapted into films
Dutch novels adapted into television shows |
The women's team pursuit at the 2017 Asian Winter Games was held on 21 February 2017 in Obihiro, Japan.
Schedule
All times are Japan Standard Time (UTC+09:00)
Records
Results
References
External links
Results
Women team pursuit |
Aeroflex Inc. was an American company which produced test equipment, RF and microwave integrated circuits, components and systems used for wireless communications. Its headquarters were located in Plainview, New York. In May 2014, Aeroflex was acquired by the UK aerospace company Cobham for $1.46 billion.
Overview
Aeroflex consisted of Aeroflex Microelectronic Solutions (AMS), a fabless manufacturer of rad-hard and high reliability semiconductor devices, and Aeroflex Test Solutions (ATS), which produced electronic test equipment.
History
In 2002, Aeroflex acquired IFR Systems Inc, a test equipment manufacturer from Wichita, Kansas, originally founded in 1937. In 1998, IFR previously acquired Marconi Instruments, a British test equipment manufacturer.
In 2007, Aeroflex was taken private by a group of private equity firms including Veritas Capital, Golden Gate Capital, GS Direct.
In 2008, Aeroflex acquired Gaisler Research, a designer of rad-hard IP for space applications, including the open source LEON processor.
In 2009, Aeroflex acquired VI Technology, a test automation company.
In 2010, Aeroflex acquired Willtek, a test equipment manufacturer from San Diego, California. Willtek was split from another company which previously acquired Wavetek.
In 2010, Aeroflex acquired Radiation Assured Devices of Colorado Springs, Colorado and changes its name to Aeroflex RAD.
In 2010, Aeroflex acquired Advanced Control Components for $20 Million.
In 2010, Aeroflex announced an initial public offering of 17.25 million shares.
In FY 2010, AMS and ATS contributed almost equally to net sales. The majority of sales, particularly for AMS, are in the space, avionics, and defense markets.
In May 2014, Aeroflex was acquired by the UK aerospace company Cobham for $1.46 billion.
In March 2018, Viavi Solutions purchased Cobham AvComm and Wireless Test and Measurement, which were previously part of Aeroflex, for $455 million. These business units will continue using the name Aeroflex until March 2021.
Aeroflex Colorado Springs
Aeroflex Colorado Springs was a division which manufactured integrated circuits for the aerospace, defense, medical, industrial, and security markets. It was located in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Aeroflex mixed-signal ASICs and standard products containing data acquisition, communication, and processing circuits are supplied for uses such as medical imaging, safety-critical industrial, point-of-sale, and secure data processing systems. Circuit card assembly was also available.
Legal actions
In 2013, the US State Department settled with Aeroflex Incorporated over alleged violations of the Arms Export Control Act ("AECA")(22 U.S.C. § 2778) and the International Traffic in Arms Regulations ("ITAR")(22 C.F.R. parts 120-130). The settlement was reached relative to ITAR Section 128.11 wherein Aeroflex entered into a consent agreement with the State Department. Based on this settlement, Aeroflex paid a civil penalty of $4 million, and the State Department waived an additional $4 million penalty on the “condition the Department approves expenditures for self-initiated, pre-Consent Agreement remedial compliance measures and Consent Agreement-authorized remedial compliance costs.” Aeroflex voluntarily disclosed most of the ITAR violations resolved in this settlement, “acknowledged their serious nature, cooperated with Department reviews, and since 2008 has implemented or has planned extensive remedial measures, including the restructuring of its compliance organization, the institution of a new testing protocol of its commodities, and a revised company-wide ITAR compliance program,” according to the State Department. According to a Reuters special report, while the State Department’s investigation was underway, Aeroflex exported more than 7,000 high-tech rad-chips to China, between 2003 and 2008, after US officials had directed the company to stop the exports.
Products
AMS Group
Hi-rel MSI integrated circuits
RF and microwave discretes
Mixed signal and digital ASICs
Motion control
ATS Group
Wireless communications test (the TM500 LTE test system was Aeroflex's top-selling product in FY 2010)
Avionics test
Signal generators
Spectrum/signal analyzers
ATE Group
Incircuit test systems
AOI
Functional Test platform
See also
Electronic test equipment
Harvey R. Blau
References
External links
Cobham Gaisler AB
IFR Systems - archived on May 27, 2002
Companies formerly listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Electronic test equipment manufacturers
Companies based in Nassau County, New York
Plainview, New York
Economy of Wichita, Kansas
Economy of San Diego
Defunct manufacturing companies based in New York (state) |
The final of the Men's 100 metres Butterfly event at the European LC Championships 1997 was held on Wednesday 20 August 1997 in Seville, Spain.
Finals
Qualifying heats
Remarks
See also
1996 Men's Olympic Games 100m Butterfly
1997 Men's World Championships (SC) 100m Butterfly
References
scmsom results
La Gazzetta Archivio
swimrankings
B
Men's 100 metre butterfly |
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