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AGC Aerospace & Defense is the portfolio brand of Acorn Growth Companies, an operationally focused, middle market private equity firm investing exclusively in aerospace and defense opportunities. AGC Aerospace & Defense, through its portfolio of companies, has become a global supplier of technologies, systems and services supporting commercial and military programs. Capabilities within the portfolio range from financing, engineering, and integration services to manufacturing, logistics, and aircraft modifications. AGC Aerospace & Defense is organized into four operating groups: AeroComposites, Finance, Integrated Defense, and Services. All the companies were aligned under the AGC Aerospace and Defense umbrella in 2009. The companies support DoD directly or as subcontractors to OEMs or Tier 1 defense contractors. Awards and recognition In early 2010, Veracity Technology Solutions received the Aviation Week MRO of the Year award from Aviation Week. The Oklahoma Technology Counsel profiled Veracity's non-destructive inspection (NDI) / non-destructive testing (NDT) solutions. In the spring of 2010, Valair Aviation was featured by a local news channel regarding their aircraft upgrade capabilities. Recently, the AGC Finance group was highlighted in CorporateJetInvestor magazine. Acorn Growth Companies Acorn Growth Companies is an operationally focused, middle market private equity firm investing exclusively in aerospace and defense. Portfolio The firm operates its portfolio of companies under AGC Aerospace & Defense, a global supplier of technologies, systems and services supporting commercial and military programs. Capabilities within the portfolio range from financing, engineering, and integration services to manufacturing, logistics, and aircraft modifications. All the companies were aligned under the AGC Aerospace and Defense umbrella in 2009. The companies support DoD directly or as subcontractors to OEMs or Tier 1 defense contractors. Acquisitions Paul Fabrications (Paul Fabs, Now AGC AeroComposites Derby) Hill AeroSystems Inc. (Formerly Hill AeroSpace, Hill Stamping) Commuter Air Technology (CAT) Aerospace Products S.E. (APSE) Unitech Composites and Structures (Now AGC AeroComposites) Valair Aviation Integrated Composites, Inc. (Now AGC AeroComposites) Valair - Kirkpatrick Aviation Aerospheres (UK) Ltd Tods Composite Solutions (Now AGC AeroComposites) Start-ups and new ventures Veracity Technology Solutions SinglePoint Financial Aircraft Logistics Group (ALG) Locations Derby, UK Portland, UK Yeovil, UK Harrow, UK Hayden, Idaho Washington, D.C. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Tulsa, Oklahoma Salt Lake City Huntsville, Alabama References External links Brus, Brian. "Veracity soaring: Magazine names Tulsa firm MRO of the Year." Journal Record, The (Oklahoma City). May 14, 2009. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4182/is_20100528/ai_n53871181/ Oklahoma Technology Council. http://www.oktechcouncil.com/tech_spotlight.php?archive=215 Oklahoma State University "Sensor Companies in Oklahoma: Commuter Air Technology." Sensors: Sensor Industry in Oklahoma. Vol. 3, No. 1, MMX. https://web.archive.org/web/20110213035804/http://vprtt.okstate.edu/index.php/research-communications/publications Aerospace companies of the United States
Paul V. Roberts (November 27, 1938 - February 2006) was a prominent environmental engineer. He made major contributions to environmental engineering by applying fundamental principles of mass transport and chemistry to drinking water treatment and wastewater reclamation research. An author of more than 200 scientific publications, he was a member of the National Academy of Engineering and the Swiss Academy of Sciences. Biography Paul Roberts graduated with a BS degree in chemical engineering from Princeton University in 1960, and received a Ph.D. degree in chemical engineering from Cornell University in 1966. He taught at the Universidad Católica de Valparaíso and the Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María in Chile, and worked as a process engineer with Chevron Research Company in Richmond, California. In 1968, he joined the Stanford Research Institute in Menlo Park. After he received a M.S. degree in environmental engineering at Stanford University in 1971, he joined the Swiss Federal Institute of Water Supply and Water Pollution Control. In 1976 he left his position as the head of the engineering department at the Institute and began his career at Stanford. In 1989 Roberts was named the C.L. Peck, Class of 1906 Professor in the School of Engineering. He died of leukemia in February, 2006, at his home in Cupertino. Major contributions Paul Roberts was a pioneer in applying fundamental principles of mass transport and chemistry to engineered environmental systems. His broad body of work spans such topics as reclaimed wastewater, drinking water disinfection, adsorption and volatilization of organic contaminants during water and wastewater treatment, contaminant transport in groundwater, and multiphase flow in porous media. He is perhaps best known for conceiving and directing the first and probably the most definitive field study ever conducted on the movement and fate of hazardous chemicals in groundwater at the Borden site in Canada. In this study, his team clearly demonstrated the scientific value of carefully designed large-scale field experiments to test hypotheses, to validate mathematical models, to generate understanding of important natural processes, and to uncover still more important questions in need of better theoretical understanding. In addition to his individual research contributions Paul was an accomplished teacher and mentor. Awards and distinctions United States Environmental Protection Agency Scientific and Technical Achievement Award (1989) United States National Committee of the International Association on Water Pollution Research and Control Founders Award (1990) Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors Founders Award (2003) American Water Works Association Academic Achievement Award Elected member of the National Academy of Engineering (1997) Obituary An obituary (page 5) in the newsletter of the Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors. References 1938 births 2006 deaths Cornell University College of Engineering alumni Princeton University alumni Stanford University School of Engineering faculty Stanford University alumni Systems ecologists Academic staff of the Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso Environmental engineers
KDCU-DT (channel 46) is a television station licensed to Derby, Kansas, United States, serving the Wichita–Hutchinson market as an affiliate of the Spanish-language network Univision. Owned by Entravision Communications, the station maintains offices on East Douglas Avenue in downtown Wichita, while newscasts are actually produced at the KCEC studios on Mile High Stadium West Circle in Denver, Colorado. KDCU-DT's transmitter is located in rural northwestern Sedgwick County (north-northeast of Colwich). History The station first signed on the air on August 20, 2009, becoming the first (and so far only) full-power Spanish-language television station to sign on in the state of Kansas; because it signed on after the June 12 digital television transition that year, KDCU was also the first full-power television station in the Wichita–Hutchinson Plus market to sign-on without a companion analog signal. Prior to the station's sign-on, on February 15, 2008, Entravision entered into a joint sales agreement with Schurz Communications (then-owner of KWCH-DT and KSCW-DT), in which Schurz would provide advertising, production and promotional responsibilities as well as back office and master control services for KDCU. Schurz also leased a transmission tower located near Colwich to house the station's transmitter facilities; KSCW, which previously used the tower, moved its transmitter facilities to a tower east of Hutchinson in Reno County, which is known as the KWCH 12 Tower. Since KDCU is licensed as a full-power station, it is able to mandate carriage on cable and satellite providers in the Wichita–Hutchinson Plus market. Schurz announced on September 14, 2015 that it would exit broadcasting and sell its television and radio stations, including KWCH-DT, KSCW-DT, and the JSA/SSA with KDCU-DT, to Gray Television for $442.5 million. The FCC approved the sale on February 12, 2016. As of 2021, Entravision now both owns and operates KDCU-DT, as Gray sold its operation stake in the station. News operation KDCU-DT presently broadcasts 2½ hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with a half-hour each weekday); the station does not air newscasts on Saturdays or Sundays. In April 2011, KWCH produced a half-hour nightly Spanish-language newscast for KDCU, Noticias Univision Kansas, airing at 10:00 p.m. each weeknight (which competed against KWCH's own local newscast in that timeslot). Since Entravision acquired full shares of KDCU, the newscasts are now self-produced. Technical information Subchannels The station's digital signal is multiplexed: References External links DCU-DT Television channels and stations established in 2009 2009 establishments in Kansas Univision network affiliates Spanish-language television stations in Kansas Entravision Communications stations Grit (TV network) affiliates Ion Mystery affiliates Laff (TV network) affiliates Court TV affiliates
Anna Caroline Ryder Richardson (born 29 January 1964) is a British interior designer and television presenter. She is known for being a designer on the BBC shows Changing Rooms and the subject of Chaos at the Zoo, which documents her ownership of Manor House Wildlife Park in Pembrokeshire. She also appeared on CBBC show Hider in the House alongside Cameron Biswas. Personal life Anna Ryder Richardson was born in London in 1964. Her father was a Malaysian student, and her mother English. At six weeks of age, she was adopted by Colin and Jill Ryder Richardson, and raised in Surrey with her adopted sister Sarah. Her adoptive father was a World War II evacuee who survived the sinking of the SS City of Benares by a German U-boat; he spent his career as a Lloyd's underwriter. She was introduced to her partner, restaurateur Colin MacDougall, by Gregg Wallace at his restaurant on New Year's Eve 2000, and they married at a private ceremony in the Canadian Rockies. Their first child, Bean, was born prematurely and died less than 60 minutes after birth. Interior design After an early career in modelling, Ryder Richardson became a fitness instructor. She managed children's interior shop Squidgy Things, where she started designing and decorating children's bedrooms; this work launched her career as an interior designer. She describes her own style as evolving, but "[preferring] the bolder colours". She cites Kelly Hoppen among her influences. Her breakthrough moment was on a design segment on GMTV in 1996, after which Ainsley Harriott introduced her to the producers of short-lived documentary show Change That. She was cast as one of the interior designers on Changing Rooms where she sprung to fame for her bold interior design choices. She worked on a number of smaller shows, including House Invaders, Staying Put and Trading Spaces. None of these had the same mainstream success as Changing Rooms, and in 2006, reconsidered the direction of her career. In 2017, it was announced that she would return to interior design, appearing as a designer on Peter Andre's 60 Minute Makeover. Wildlife park Ryder Richardson appeared in a string of reality TV shows to fund a lifetime ambition of owning a zoo. She appeared on the BBC Sport Relief event Only Fools on Horses, and the 2007 series of I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here! (where she was the sixth person to leave). She said she was "unprepared" for these experiences and described her experiences as "unpleasant", but that she developed a good relationship with co-star Christopher Biggins. She would later team up with Biggins on a Celebrity Version of the ITV show Who wants to be a Millionaire?, where they shared a £50,000 prize for their chosen charities. In 2008, she purchased Manor House Wildlife Park in Pembrokeshire for £1 million. Her experiences at the zoo have been the subject of a number of television series, including Chaos at the Zoo, Anna's Welsh Zoo and Wild Welsh Zoo. She was charged for health and safety violations in 2012, after a mother and son were injured by a falling tree, but acquitted after her husband admitted that work fell under his remit. In 2015, she set up a charity called 'The Nature Foundation' to transport neglected lionesses from an abandoned zoo in Gyumri to Peak Wildlife Park. She successfully raised £25,000 to transport the animals, but the high-profile nature of the campaign ensured that locals provided adequate facilities for the lionesses in their native Armenia. The funds instead went to breeding facilities for the endangered Sumatran Tiger. As of 2020, she still owns the park. References External links Ryder Richardson bio at UKTV Manor House Wildlife Park Tenby 1964 births Living people Mass media people from Swansea British people of Malaysian descent British female models British interior designers British television presenters British women television presenters
Doomed Caravan is a 1941 American Western film directed by Lesley Selander and starring William Boyd. The film is a serial Western and part of the Hopalong Cassidy series. It is the 32nd entry in a series of 66 films. Plot Stephen Westcott and Ed Martin scheme to put Jane Travers' wagon line out of business. They want to use it take over all the wagon- train traffic going west. Hoppy, California and Lucky must make sure that doesn't happen. Jane Travers asks Hoppy to help protect her next caravan against robbers. Westcott and Martin are out to stop them and have their men dressed as soldiers to escort the caravan. The fake soldiers don't fool Hoppy and he and the Bar 20 boys foil that plan. Martin's men then capture everyone but Hoppy and send them off to the firing squad. Now Hoppy has to find a way to save them singlehandedly. Cast William Boyd as Hopalong Cassidy Andy Clyde as California Carlson Russell Hayden as Lucky Jenkins Minna Gombell as Jane Travers Morris Ankrum as Stephen Westcott Georgia Ellis as Diana Westcott Trevor Bardette as Ed Martin Pat J. O'Brien as Henchman Jim Ferber Ray Bennett as Henchman Pete Gregg José Luis Tortosa as Governor Don Pedro Reception Doomed Caravan has 3 out of 5 stars on AllMovie. References External links 1941 Western (genre) films American black-and-white films Films directed by Lesley Selander Paramount Pictures films American Western (genre) films Hopalong Cassidy films Films based on works by Johnston McCulley Films scored by John Leipold 1940s English-language films 1940s American films
The Last Pale Light in the West is the first solo album by Ben Nichols of Lucero with Rick Steff (Lucero, Cat Power) and Todd Beene (Glossary) released on Lucero's label Liberty & Lament and The Rebel Group in 2009. It is a seven-song concept album inspired by Cormac McCarthy's book Blood Meridian with each song based on characters and situations drawn from the novel. The album was recorded with Rick Steff on piano and accordion and Todd Beane on pedal steel. On November 17, 2013, the title song from the album was featured in the episode "Live Bait" of the AMC series The Walking Dead. Track listing "The Last Pale Light in the West" - 2:48 "The Kid" - 5:32 "Davy Brown" - 3:21 "Chambers" - 4:45 "Tobin" - 3:06 "Toadvine" - 4:31 "The Judge" - 2:57 References 2009 albums Ben Nichols (musician) albums
Epinephelus rivulatus, the halfmoon grouper, halfmoon rockcod, Chinaman rockcod, Charlie court cod, green-finned rock cod, or white-dotted grouper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region. Description Epinephelus rivulatus has a body with a standard length which is 2.7 to 3.2 times its depth. The dorsal profile of the head is convex and the intraorbital region is flat. The preopercle is angular with 1 or 2 small spines on the anterior side of the angle while the gill cover is convex. The dorsal fin contains 11 spines and 16-18 soft rays while the anal fin as 3 spines and 8 soft rays. The membrane between the spines is notably notched. The caudal fin is rounded. The colour of the body is reddish to greenish-brown, with each scale on the body having a small white or pale blue spot. Sometimes 4 irregular dark vertical bars are visible, with a 5th bar on the caudal peduncle. The head is dark brown to pale reddish in colour with pale blue vermiculations and white spots on lower jaw and upper lip. The pectoral fin is dusky with a dark red or reddish-brown coloured blotch at its base. The remaining fins are greenish-brown or greyish-brown marked with dark mottling. Its maximum length is , and weight reaches Distribution Epinephelus rivulatus has a wide Indo-West Pacific distribution. It is found from the east African coast from the Gulf of Aden south to South Africa and then east to New Caledonia, north to the Ogasawara Islands of southern Japan, south to Australia. Its range includes northern New Zealand, and it was first recorded from the Kermadec Islands Marine Reserve north of New Zealand in 2015, after researchers examined hundreds of hours of unused documentary film footage. It is d=found in the Indian Ocean islands of the Chagos, Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius and the Seychelles, it does not occur in Fiji, the Red Sea or Persian Gulf. Habitat and biology Epinephelus rivulatus occurs on coral reefs, over areas with rocky substrata, algal flats and seagrass beds. It feeds on fishes and crustaceans. It is found at depths of . It is a protogynous hermaphrodite. Sexually mature females were found between fork lengths of with half of them sexually mature at a fork length of . The maless were larger than females and their fork lengths were . These differ from site to site although the sex ratios were the same between sites, with roughly 5.5 females for every male. Off Western Australia the majority of the females were reproductively active between July and December coinciding relatively cool water temperatures and increasing daylight hours. Spawning occurred periodically with each female able to spawn at least twice in periods of two or three consecutive days. It is the only known host of the parasite Pseudorhabdosynochus inversus, which inhabits its gills. They form aggregations to spawn. Taxonomy Epinephelus rivulatus was first formally described as Serranus rivulatus in 1830 by the French zoologist Achille Valenciennes (1794-1865) with the type locality given as Réunion. It is a member of the Epinephelus fasciatus species complex alongside E. fasciatus, E. irroratus, and E. retouti. Fisheries Epinephelus rivulatus is of interest to both recreational and commercial fisheries despite its relative small size. References External links Fishes of Australia: Epinephelus rivulatus Itis.org WoRMS Animaldiversity Web Epinephelus Fish described in 1830
Tuscarora Township is a township in Perry County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,308 at the 2020 census. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 29.5 square miles (76.5 km2), of which 29.4 square miles (76.1 km2) is land and 0.1 square mile (0.4 km2) (0.47%) is water. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 1,122 people, 419 households, and 318 families residing in the township. The population density was . There were 539 housing units at an average density of 18.3/sq mi (7.1/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 97.15% White, 1.25% African American, 0.36% Native American, 0.27% Asian, 0.18% from other races, and 0.80% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.89% of the population. There were 419 households, out of which 33.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.1% were married couples living together, 5.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.1% were non-families. 20.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.05. In the township the population was spread out, with 26.3% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 29.1% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.2 males. The median income for a household in the township was $40,813, and the median income for a family was $46,447. Males had a median income of $37,688 versus $21,765 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,951. About 5.6% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.1% of those under age 18 and 3.7% of those age 65 or over. References Populated places established in 1766 Harrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan statistical area Townships in Perry County, Pennsylvania Townships in Pennsylvania
Qian Lingxi (; 26 July 1916 – 20 April 2009), also known as Tsien Ling-hi, was a Chinese civil engineer and physicist. An authority on engineering structural mechanics and computational mechanics, he served as president of the Dalian University of Technology (DUT) and was a founding member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). DUT's Lingxi Library, opened in 2009, is named after him. Early life and education On 26 July 1916, Qian was born in the town of Hongsheng (, now Hongshan Subdistrict) outside the city of Wuxi in Jiangsu, China. His father, Qian Bogui (), was the teacher of the celebrated historian Qian Mu (Ch'ien Mu), and his older brother Qian Linzhao (1906–1999) was also a distinguished physicist and a founding member of the CAS. After obtaining his bachelor's degree in civil engineering from Institut Technique Franc-Chinois de Shanghai (now part of the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology) in 1936, he won a Boxer Indemnity Scholarship to study at the Université libre de Bruxelles in Belgium. He received the degree of from the university in July 1938. Career He returned to China in the fall of 1938, in the midst of the Second Sino-Japanese War. He participated in the design of the Yibin-Kunming and Sichuan-Yunnan railways, worked in the Bridge Design and Engineering Department of the Ministry of Communications, and taught at Yunnan University. In November 1943, he became professor of civil engineering at Zhejiang University, then exiled in Zunyi, Guizhou because Zhejiang was under Japanese occupation. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Qian became Chair of the Department of Civil Engineering of Zhejiang University in 1950. In January 1952, after repeated invitations from Qu Bochuan, President of Dalian Institute of Technology (now Dalian University of Technology or DUT), Qian agreed to move to Dalian to teach at DUT. He spent the rest of his career there, and succeeded Qu as the second president of the university. In 1955, he became one of the founding members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. During the Cultural Revolution, top experts including Qian Lingxi and Huang Xuhua were denounced as "reactionary academic authorities" and dismissed from their posts. When China's nuclear submarine project needed Qian's help to analyze its structural designs, its leader Chen Youming had to appeal directly to Premier Zhou Enlai to make him available to the strategic program. Contributions Research Qian devoted himself to research in engineering structural mechanics. He made important contributions in variation principles to limit analysis, computational mechanics and structural optimization. In 1950, Qian published his influential paper "Theory of Complementary Energy" in the journal Science in China. It led his student Hu Haichang to derive the Hu–Washizu principle in 1954. In the early 1960s, Qian and his student Zhong Wanxie published two papers in Science in China and Acta Mechanica Sinica, on the "general variational theory of limit analysis and plasticity". Their research was used in submarine design and was awarded national prizes. In the 1970s, Qian designed the main part of China's first modern petroleum port in Dalian, Liaoning. In the early 1980s, Qian, together with Zhong Wanxie and Cheng Gengdong, developed DDDU, an advanced computer system for structural design. DDDU was used in many major engineering projects. Education In 1951, Qian wrote two structural mechanics textbooks, which were widely used in Chinese universities and educated a generation of Chinese civil engineers. Qian is celebrated in China as a "Bo Le" for scientists. Six of his former students have become academicians: Pan Jiazheng, Hu Haichang, Cheng Gengdong, Zhong Wanxie, Qiu Dahong, and Yang Jinzong. Pan Jiazheng, who was Qian's student at Zhejiang University, almost dropped out of college because of poverty. When Qian learned about his situation, he paid for Pan's tuition and living expenses out of his own pocket until his graduation. Pan would later become one of the chief engineers of the Three Gorges Dam. Major publications [1] Qian Lingxi, , China Science Book and Instrument Company, Shanghai, 1951. [2] Qian Lingxi, , China Science Book Instrument Company, Shanghai, 1952. [3] Б. Н. Жемочкин, , Translated by Qian Lingxi. Transportation Ministry of Inland Waterway Technology Research Group, 1953. [4] Э. Ф. Gorhuangwei, Т. В. Ender. , Translated by Qian Lingxi and Gao Guofan. People's Communications Press, Beijing, 1955. [5] (Based on the lecture notes prepared by Qian Lingxi) Compiled by the General Administration of Navigation Engineering, Ministry of Communications of the People's Republic of China, Port Building, Vol 1, , People's Communications Publishing House, Beijing, 1955. [6] Н. Х. Arugiu Nieyang, , Translated by Wu Ruifeng, Lu Kuangzhou, Fang Xiaoshu, Zhao Deyong, Qian Lingxi, etc., Beijing Science Press, Beijing, 1961. [7] Qian Lingxi and Zhong Wanxie, , The Science and Technology Commission of the Republic of China, Beijing, 1964. [8] Qian Lingxi, editor in chief, , Guanghua Publishing House, Beijing, 1979. [9] Qian Lingxi, (including drawings and errata), Printed by Dalian Institute of Technology, Dalian, 1981. [10] Qian Lingxi, editor in chief, , Peking University Press, Beijing, 1981. [11] W. J. Krefeld and W. G. Bowman, , Translated by Qian Lingxi, Science Press, Beijing, 1982. [12] Qian Lingxi, , China Academic Press, Beijing, 1982. [13] Prepared by the Steel Bridge Design Group of the Engineering Mechanics Department of Dalian Institute of Technology, reviewed and updated by Qian Lingxi, , People's Communications Press, Beijing, 1982. [14] Qian Lingxi, , Water Conservancy and Electric Power Press, Beijing, 1983. [15] Qian Lingxi, , Science Press, Beijing, 2011. [16] Qian Lingxi, , Science Press, Beijing, 2011. Death and legacy Qian died on 20 April 2009 in Dalian, at the age of 92. Top Chinese Communist Party (CCP) leaders, including CCP General Secretary Hu Jintao, former CCP General Secretary Jiang Zemin, Premier Wen Jiabao, and former Premier Li Peng, paid their respects at his funeral. In the same year, DUT inaugurated its new library and named it Lingxi Library in his memory; it is one of the largest university libraries in Northeast China. References 1916 births 2009 deaths Boxer Indemnity Scholarship recipients Chinese civil engineers Chinese expatriates in Belgium Academic staff of Dalian University of Technology Educators from Wuxi Engineers from Jiangsu Free University of Brussels (1834–1969) alumni Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Physicists from Jiangsu Scientists from Wuxi University of Shanghai for Science and Technology alumni Academic staff of Yunnan University Academic staff of Zhejiang University
Edgar Albert Guest (20 August 1881 – 5 August 1959) was a British-born American poet who became known as the People's Poet. His poems often had an inspirational and optimistic view of everyday life. Early life Guest was born in Birmingham, England in 1881. In 1891, his family moved from England to Detroit, Michigan, where Guest lived until he died. Career After he began at the Detroit Free Press as a copy boy and then a reporter, his first poem appeared on 11 December 1898. He became a naturalized citizen in 1902. For 40 years, Guest was widely read throughout North America, and his sentimental, optimistic poems were in the same vein as the light verse of Nick Kenny, who wrote syndicated columns during the same decades. From his first published work in the Detroit Free Press until his death in 1959, Guest penned some 11,000 poems which were syndicated in some 300 newspapers and collected in more than 20 books, including A Heap o' Livin (1916) and Just Folks (1923–1957). Guest was made Poet Laureate of Michigan, the only poet to have been awarded the title. His popularity led to a weekly Detroit radio show which he hosted from 1931 until 1942, followed by a 1951 NBC television series, A Guest in Your House. He also had a thrice-weekly transcribed radio program that began January 15, 1941, and was sponsored by Land O'Lakes Creameries. The program featured singer Eddy Howard. Guest was made a Freemason in Detroit, where he was a lifetime member of Ashlar Lodge No. 91. In honor of Guest's devotion to the Craft, community, and humanity in general, the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Michigan established the Edgar A. Guest Award for lodges to present to non-Masons within the community who have demonstrated distinguished service to the community and their fellow man. Guest was also a member of The Tin Whistles. When Guest died in 1959, he was buried in Detroit's Woodlawn Cemetery. His grandniece Judith Guest is a novelist best known for Ordinary People (1976). Reputation Guest's work still occasionally appears in periodicals such as Reader's Digest, and some favorites, such as "Myself" and "Thanksgiving," are still studied today. However, in one of the most quoted appraisals of his work, Dorothy Parker reputedly said: "I'd rather flunk my Wassermann test than read a poem by Edgar Guest." In popular culture Edgar Guest is a favorite poet of Edith Bunker from the TV show All in the Family. She quotes him in a few episodes, including "Prisoner in the House", first broadcast on 4 January 1975. Guest is mentioned several times in the eleventh book in Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events, The Grim Grotto. Klaus Baudelaire recalls how he was once given a Hobson's choice of doing the dishes or reading Guest's poetry, and the villainous crew of Count Olaf's submarine Carmelita wear badges depicting Guest (in contrast to the heroes' badges depicting Herman Melville). The book's author goes out of his way to praise Melville and disparage Guest as a "writer of limited skill, who wrote awkward, tedious poetry on hopelessly sentimental topics." In the novel I Am Legend, the main character Robert Neville sardonically comments on his own internal monologue: "The last man in the world is Edgar Guest". Guest's poem "It Couldn't Be Done" was recited by Idris Elba on the BBC's Sports Personality of the Year Award on 16 December 2012 whilst celebrating Team GB and Paralympics GB winning the team award for 2012. Guest's poem "The Epicure" was reproduced in Mad #84 (January 1964) with new illustrations by Don Martin. Guest's poem "See It Through," was used in a Chrysler 300 commercial. Guest's poem "It Couldn't Be Done" was used in an Audi commercial. Tracey Gold did read Guest's poem "A Child of Mine" during the funeral of Judith Barsi. "It Couldn't Be Done" inspired a parody, "They Said That It Couldn't Be Done", by comedian Benny Hill. Guest's poem "Equipment" was used in part for inspiration in the work of J.I.D. on his single "Skeegee". Works Home Rhymes, from Breakfast Table Chat (1909) The Panama Canal (1915) ''A Heap o' Livin (1916)Just Glad Things (1916)Just Folks (1917)Over Here (1918)Poems of Patriotism (1918)The Path to Home (1919)A Dozen New Poems (1920)Sunny Songs (1920)Keep Going (Don't Quit) (1921)When Day Is Done (1921)Don't Quit (3 March 1921)All That Matters (1922)Making The House A Home (1922)The Passing Throng (1923)Rhymes of Childhood (1924)Mother (1925)The Light of Faith (1926)The Secret of The Ages (1926)You (1927)Harbor Lights of Home (1928)You Can't Live Your Own Life (1929)Poems for the Home Folks (1930)The Friendly Way (1931)Faith (1932)Life's Highway (1933)Collected Verse of Edgar Guest (1934)All in a Lifetime (1938)Between You and Me: My Philosophy of Life (1938)Today and Tomorrow (1942)Living the Years (1949)Sermons We SeeCourageThe Proof of WorthSee It ThroughLife's SlackerTeam WorkCan'tAt ChristmasThings Work OutHave you Earned your TomorrowGirl I Hope You Understand'A Child of Mine''' References External links American Academy of Poets: Edgar Guest Sofine's Edgar Guest Collection Edgar Guest on Poemist.com Edgar Guest on Poeticous.com 1881 births 1959 deaths 20th-century American poets 20th-century American non-fiction writers Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Detroit) Detroit Free Press people English emigrants to the United States Poets from Michigan Poets Laureate of Michigan Writers from Birmingham, West Midlands Writers from Detroit
The Road to Mandalay is a 2016 internationally co-produced drama film directed by Midi Z. The film premiered at the 73rd edition of the Venice Film Festival in the Venice Days section, in which it was awarded the Fedeora Award for Best Film. It was also screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival. Plot A Young Burmese girl, Lien Ching (Wu Ke-xi), smuggles herself in a truck heading for Bangkok, Thailand, aiming to pursue a better life, and eventually even go to Taiwan for better opportunities. In Bangkok she meets A-kuo (Kai Ko), a boy from the same Burmese hometown Lashio, who was less ambitious but pragmatic and had a crush on her. Lacking proper identification, Liang struggles to find legitimate work and gets arrested as an illegal immigrant by the Thai authorities. She is fined and has to rely on A-kuo's help. Lien Ching becomes desperate to obtain legal paperwork, even if it is fraudulent. After several failed attempts on the papers and losing money, she finally accepts a solution offered by a drug dealer who requires a huge sum of money. In order to collect the amount, Lien Ching prostitutes herself. This act enrages A-kuo, who has been supporting her. Lien Ching makes enough money to gain passage into Thailand, while A-kuo remains short. One night shortly before her planned departure, A-kuo jealously murders Lien Ching. Cast Kai Ko as A-kuo Wu Ke-xi as Lien Ching Awards and nominations References External links 2016 films 2016 drama films Taiwanese drama films French drama films German drama films 2010s Mandarin-language films 2010s Burmese-language films Films directed by Midi Z Myanmar–Thailand relations Burmese diaspora Immigration to Thailand Burmese drama films 2016 multilingual films Taiwanese multilingual films French multilingual films German multilingual films 2010s French films 2010s German films
The Government Cable Office in Seward, Alaska, United States, is a historic building that served as a telegraph office that connected Seward with communications in the rest of the United States. The cable office was constructed in 1905 by the U.S. Army Signal Corps as part of the Washington–Alaska Military Cable and Telegraph System (WAMCATS). Telegraph service from the lower states first connected to Valdez, Alaska. In summer 1905, submarine cable was extended from Valdez to Seward. The first message over the line was to A. C. Frost, president of the Alaska Central Railway, who was in Chicago: "This first message transmitted over Alaska Cable connects Seward from this day to the great city of Chicago." Among initial regular users of the telegraph line was the local newspaper, the Seward Daily Gateway. In August 1905, owner Frank Ballaine began featuring the previous day's news from the Coterminous United States in his paper. Before the telegraph line, outside news arrived via steam ship days or weeks later. The office was operated by Army personnel. The front room of the building was open to the public who could send and receive messages. The central part of the ground floor served as the operator's station, while workers lived on the second floor. Service continued until an earthquake severed the line in 1934. By that time, radio communication had been established by the Navy and the telegraph line was not replaced. The government retained ownership until 1961. Since then, the building has served as a private residence and rented apartments. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska References 1905 establishments in Alaska Communications in Alaska Government buildings completed in 1905 Government buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Alaska Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska Office buildings in Alaska Pre-statehood history of Alaska Buildings and structures in Seward, Alaska Telecommunications buildings on the National Register of Historic Places
Comicpalooza is a large annual, multi-genre, comic book, science fiction, anime, gaming, and pop culture convention in the Southern United States and is held in Houston, Texas. The event is organized by John Simons, the originator of the event along with Startling Events, LLC. The event hosts the annual Comicpalooza Fandom Awards. It is the fourth largest Houston-based organized event behind Houston Rodeo, Houston Pride, and Astroworld Festival. History 2008 The first Comicpalooza was held July 19, 2008. The event took place in the lobby of the Alamo Drafthouse Cinema located in Houston, and corresponded with the release of the film The Dark Knight. The event included a handful of tables with local comic book artists. 2009 In 2009, Comicpalooza expanded to a two-day event which took place at West Oaks Mall. Question and answer sessions and a charity live art auction were added to the event. Guests included: David Mack, Terry Moore, Steve Scott, Tom Hodges, Mat Johnson, Andy Kuhn, and Dirk Strangely. 2010 In 2010, Comicpalooza expanded to a three-day event, taking place at the George R. Brown Convention Center attracting over 3,000 attendees the previous year. The event no longer focused exclusively on comics, but expanded to include science fiction, fantasy, horror, steam punk and other genres. During this year, the convention was held on the 2nd floor of the George R. Brown, in the smallest middle section of the convention center. In addition to Q&A sessions and the live art auction, Comicpalooza hosted celebrity guests, a three-day film festival, costume contest, live DJ room, cockpit simulators from MechCorps Entertainment LLC of the BattleTech Centers, and a $5,000 Magic: The Gathering tournament in addition to opening gaming and numerous panels by fan groups. The event also included a performance by the Intergalactic Nemesis Live-Action Graphic Novel and touring music act Dead P.A. Guests included: Bruce Campbell, Ray Park, Nicholas Brendon, Peter Mayhew, Jason Dohring, Francis Capra, Dichen Lachman, Phil Foglio, David Malki, R. K. Milholland, Brian Denham, Larry Elmore, Rob Liefeld, David Mack, Jim Mahfood, Humberto Ramos, Dirk Strangely, Ben Templesmith, Ethan Van Sciver, Bernie Wrightson, and others. 2011 Comicpalooza 2011 was held May 27–29, and featured a Zombie theme and an Anime component for the first time. With the previous years turnout, the convention expanded to two bigger halls on the 3rd floor. That year presented new features, including Houston Roller Derby, Local Wrestling, the International Quidditch Association, and local fan groups of the presented genres. Guests included Edward James Olmos, Meaghan Rath, Sam Trammell, Jeff Hughes, Arthur Suydm, Alejandro Garza, Jon Hughes, and much more. Fan groups included the Houston Area Ghost Busters, the Star Garrison of the 501st Legion, and the Texas Lego users group, which displayed a variety of unique variety of never before seen Lego items. Attendance was roughly 10,000. 2012 Comicpalooza 2012 was held on May 25–27, 2012. Guests included Kristin Bauer, Michael Biehn, Jennifer Blanc, Julie Caitlin Brown, Larry Wade Carrell, Claudia Christian, David Della Rocco, Sean Patrick Flanery, Nick Gillard, Britt Griffith, Richard Hatch, Dylan Horne, Ernie Hudson. 2013 Comicpalooza 2013 was held on May 24–26, 2013. It was the year it made media history that was featured in numerous publications all over the world for the Guest panel featuring Sir Patrick Stewart and his emotional response to a question by a fan regarding domestic violence. Other guests included Michael Golden, Scott Steiner, Danny Trejo, Tom Kane, Benjamin Percy, Rachel Caine, Joseph Gatt, Michelle Rodriguez, Armin Shimerman, Rene Auberionois, Avery Brooks, Kris Holden-Ried, Zoie Palmer, Sam Huntington, Tabith St. Germain, Andrea Libman, Craig Parker, Richard Horvitz, Bernie Wrightson, Abney Park, Alan Dean Foster, George Perez, Jacqueline Carey, Chris Claremont, Julie Bell, Boris Vallejo. 2014 Comicpalooza 2014 was held on May 23–26, 2014. Guests included Jason Mewes, Stan Lee, Jim Cummings, Rose McGowan, Peter Davison, "Agents of Shield" cast: Clark Gregg, Elizabeth Henstridge, Brett Dalton, Ming-Na Wen, as well as Jim Steranko, Austin St. John, Davis Yost, Bret Hart, Kevin Nash, Johnny Yong Bosch, John Barrowman, Paul McGann, Sylvester McCoy, Colin Baker, Lou Ferrigno, Tricia Helfer, John Scalzi, Kevin J. Anderson, and Ksenia Solo. 2015 Comicpalooza 2015 was held on May 22–25, 2015. Guests included Rosario Dawson, Chloe Bennet, NASA astronaut Stan Love, as well as Summer Glau, GWAR, David Ellefson, Marky Ramone, Jason Isaacs, Sting (Wrestler), Ramond E. Feist, Henry Winkler, as well as the cast of "Gotham": Cory Michael Smith, Cameron Monaghan, Sean Pertwee, Camren Bicondova, Donal Logue. Also featured were Mercedes Lackey, Larry Dixon, Walt Simonson, Louise Simonson, Rachel Caine, Linda Blair, George Takei, Stan Lee, Tuatha Dea, Laurie Holden, Jeff Smith, Jonathan Maberry, "Rowdy" Roddy Piper, Kevin Eastman, Peter David, Simon Bisley, Katie Cook, and Basil Gogos. 2016 In 2016, Comicpalooza hit another milestone. As one of Houston's leading destinations, Comicpalooza bridged a deeper partnership with the Greater Houston Convention & Visitors Bureau. Comicpalooza 2016 was held on June 17–19, 2016. Guests included Kate Beckinsale, Lou Ferrigno, The Boondocks Saints' stars Norman Reedus, Sean Patrick Flannery, David Della Rocco, Clifton Collins Jr., and Brian Mahoney. Others included Ric Flair, Eliza Dushku, Kel Mitchell, Dead 7's Chris Kirkpatrick, A.J. McLean, Jeff Timmons, Eric-Michael Estrada. Also featured were Charlie Hunnam, Lennie James, Dominic Cooper, Fear Factory's Burton C. Bell and Dino Cazares, Star Wars alumni Peter Mayhew and David Prowse, Walter Koenig, as well as the cast of Aliens reunion: Sigourney Weaver, Bill Paxton, Paul Reiser, Michael Biehn, Carrie Henn and Mark Rolston. 2020 The 13th annual event was cancelled and deferred to 2021 as the COVID-19 pandemic was to blame. Comicpalooza with anime, manga, video games, cosplay and Japanese culture Comicpalooza has featured Anime for the first time in the convention and was held May 27–29, 2011 at George R. Brown Convention Center in Houston. Guests included: Leraldo Anzaldua, Maggie Flecknoe, Tiffany Grant, Josh Grelle, Taylor Hannah, Samantha Inoue-Harte, Brittney Karbowski, Mark Laskowski, Monica Rial, Claire Hamilton, Richard Steven Horvitz, and Veronica Taylor. In 2016, Comicpalooza has featured Japanese street fashion for the first time to increase more attendees who are interested in J-Fashion. Event history References External links Comicpalooza Official Website Comicpalooza Official Blog Article from Comic Book Resources Comics conventions in the United States Multigenre conventions Gaming conventions Nerd culture Conventions in Houston 2008 establishments in Texas
Henry Dircks FRSE FCS (26 August 1806– 17 September 1873) was an English engineer who is considered to have been the main designer of the projection technique known as Pepper's ghost in 1858. It is named after John Henry Pepper who implemented a working version of the device in 1862. Dircks also investigated attempts at the invention of a perpetual motion device, writing that those who sought to create such a thing were "half-learned" or "totally ignorant". Life and career Dircks was born in Liverpool on 26 August 1806. He was apprenticed to a mercantile firm and spent much of his free time studying practical mechanics, chemistry, and literature. Around the mid-1820s he began lecturing about chemistry and electricity while writing literary articles in the local press and scientific papers in the Mechanics' Magazine and other journals. In 1837 he became a life member of the British Association, and afterwards contributed papers to its proceedings. Two years later he wrote a pamphlet regarding a proposed union of mechanics' and literary institutions. He also wrote a short treatise entitled Popular Education, a series of Papers on the Nature, Objects, and Advantages of Mechanics' Institutions, first printed in Liverpool in 1840. In 1843, Dircks and Thomas Hoblyn wrote an overview of the smokeless argand furnace, which was created by Charles Wye Williams in an attempt to solve the issue of smoky air in London. He became a practical engineer, conducting railway, canal, and mining works, before progressing to the role of consulting engineer. He continued to investigate technologies and invent new devices, taking out several patents between 1840 and 1857. Dircks joined the Royal Society of Literature, the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and other scientific bodies. In 1867 he was elected a full Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, his proposer being William John Macquorn Rankine. The dedications of Dircks' works help give a glimpse into some of his personal and professional acquaintances. Contribution Towards a History of Electro-Metallurgy (1863) includes a dedication to Michael Faraday. The dedication is full of high praise for Faraday's contributions to the origin of Electrometallurgy. Faraday became a prominent 19th century scientific figure, and both Dircks and Faraday were members of their Royal Societies. Dircks dedicated The Life, Times, and Scientific Labours of the Second Marquis of Worcester. To Which Is Added, a Reprint of His Century of Inventions, 1663, With a Commentary Thereon (1865) to Henry Somerset, 8th Duke of Beaufort. Inventors and Inventions(1867) begins with a dedication to Henry Bessemer. A Biographical Memoir of Samuel Hartlib, Milton’s Familiar Friend, With Bibliographical Notices of Works Published By Him, and a Reprint of His Pamphlet Entitled, "An Invention of Engines of Motion." (1867) is dedicated to Bennet Woodcroft, in which Dircks references their 25 year friendship and expresses his gratitude for founding the Patent Office Museum. In 1868 he was given an honorary degree (LL.D.) from Tusculum College in Tennessee. Dircks died in Brighton on 17 September 1873. Literary works Most of Dircks' literary work involved conducting critical reviews of emerging technologies as well as biographies of scientific figures. One major exception is Joseph Anstey, a fictional novel written by Dircks under the pseudonym D.S. Henry. 1840. Account of a Patent Improved Metallic Roadway Wheel With Wood-faced Tyre. Dircks read this before the Liverpool Polytechnic and the mechanical section of the British Association. 1840. Popular Education, a series of Papers on the Nature, Objects, and Advantages of Mechanics' Institutions. 1852. Jordantype, Otherwise Called Electrotype. A review of electrometallurgy and an attempt to absolve C.J. Jordan from rumors that he was not the inventor of this technology. 1861. Perpetuum Mobile. This book includes opinions from Dircks and other scientists on the likelihood of achieving perpetual motion. He also lists encyclopedic definitions of perpetual motion, as well as new scientific journals and recent patents. 1863. Joseph Anstey: or, The Patron and The Protégé. A Story of Chequered Experiences in Life. 1863. The Ghost! as Produced in the Spectre Drama. 1863. Contribution Towards a History of Electro-Metallurgy. 1865. The Life, Times, and Scientific Labours of the Second Marquis of Worcester. To Which Is Added, a Reprint of His Century of Inventions, 1663, With a Commentary Thereon. 1866. Worcesteriana: Affording Historical, Biographical, and Other Notices Relating to Edward Somerset, Sixth Earl and Second Marquis of Worcester, Inventor of the Steam Engine; and His Immediate Family Connections. 1867. Inventors and Inventions, In Three Parts: I. The Philosophy of Invention, II. The Rights and Wrongs of Inventors, III. Early Inventors' Inventories of Secret Inventions. This treatise was dedicated to Henry Bessemer, an inventor, engineer and long-time friend of Dircks. 1867. A Biographical Memoir of Samuel Hartlib, Milton’s Familiar Friend, With Bibliographical Notices of Works Published By Him, and a Reprint of His Pamphlet Entitled, "An Invention of Engines of Motion." 1869. Nature-Study; or, The Art of Attaining Those Excellencies in Poetry and Eloquence which are Mainly Dependent On the Manifold Influences of Universal Nature. 1869. Statistics of Invention. Illustrating the Policy of a Patent Law. Part II of a Letter Addressed to the Right Hon. Lord Stanley, M.P. 1869. Scientific Studies or Practical in Contrast With Chimerical Pursuits Exemplified in Two Popular Lectures: I. The Life of Edward Somerset, Second Marquis of Worcester. II. Chimeras of Science: Astrology, Alchemy, Squaring the Circle, Perpetuum Mobile, etc. 1870: A History of the Search for Self-Motive Power from the 13th to The 19th Century. Dircks' second book on perpetual motion. 1872. Naturalistic Poetry, Selected From Psalms and Hymns of the Last Three Centuries. In Four Essays, Developing the Progress of Nature-Study, in Connection With Sacred Song. Poetry Dircks studied natural poetry, writing many critical essays on various hymns and religious poems in his books Nature-study, and Naturalistic Poetry in 1869 and 1872 respectively. He dedicated Nature-Study to the "poet, philosopher, and statesman," Richard Monckton. Dircks wrote that these study's of poems are to progress the study of nature, quoting Mark Akenside, "Give me to learn each secret cause; Let numbers, figures. Nature's laws, Reveal'd before me stand: Then to great Nature's scenes apply, And, round the globe, and thro' the sky, Disclose her working hand." He later defines nature in his book Nature-Study as anything "distinguished from Art, includes the entire Creation, animate and inanimate." In Naturalistic Poetry, Dircks writes a series of four essays studying psalms and hymns written in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. In Nature-Study, he again discusses mostly religious poetry, exploring the poems individually, and deciphering them. He concludes his book by discussing the perfection, creativity, and beauty of nature. Pepper's ghost Spiritualists and phantasmagoria performers plied their trade by attempting to convince audiences that they were able to contact the dead. To add weight to their claims they would use various projection techniques, particularly magic lanterns, that would seemingly make a ghost appear. Dircks was frustrated by such trickery and developed a better technique that could help dispel the simpler methods. He saw this as a triumph of enlightenment over superstition and hoped that the scientific explanations would educate people enough to keep them away from such charlatans. Dircks developed a way of projecting an actor onto a stage using a hidden room, a sheet of glass, and a clever use of lighting, calling the technique "Dircksian Phantasmagoria". The actor would then have an ethereal, ghost-like appearance while seemingly able to perform alongside other actors. Dircks is believed to have described this invention to the British Association in 1858. The unwieldy implementation of his system meant that theatres would need to be entirely rebuilt to accommodate the technique and some refinements would therefore be needed if it were to be adopted on a wide scale. Popular science lecturer John Henry Pepper saw the concept and replicated it on a larger scale, taking out a joint patent with Dircks. Pepper debuted his creation with a Christmas Eve production of Edward Bulwer-Lytton's play A Strange Story in 1862. This debut was to a small audience of press members held at the Polytechnic. Written permission from Charles Dickens was later given to display his play The Haunted Man to exhibit the ghost illusion. This exhibit ran for fifteen months. Some reports have suggested that, at the time, Pepper claimed to have developed the technique after reading the 1831 book Recreative Memoirs by famed showman Étienne-Gaspard Robert even after Dircks signed over all financial rights. Dirck's published his book The ghost as produced in the Spectra Drama describing how the idea came to him and how Pepper produced it. Either way, the effect became known as "Pepper's ghost" and this name was used by those who replicated the technique. Because of this Dircks became increasingly convinced that his invention had been stolen from him, believing that a conspiracy had been perpetrated against him at first by the Polytechnic and then latterly by the newspapers and advertisers who omitted his name. Dircks' original plan to give rational explanations to dispel the popular appetite for spiritualism was certainly helped by Pepper. Further, Pepper's ghost has been hailed as a key development in stage magic and "the cornerstone upon which much subsequent magic was founded". In one of his later books Pepper would insist that Dircks should have a share of the credit, and though the technique is still today named after the man who popularised it Dircks is hailed as the originator of the invention. The pair's involvement in the development of Pepper's ghost was summarised in an 1863 article from The Spectator: This admirable ghost is the offspring of two fathers, of a learned member of the Society of Civil Engineers, Henry Dircks, Esq., and of Professor Pepper, of the Polytechnic. To Mr. Dircks belongs the honour of having invented him, or as the disciplines of Hegel would express it, evolved him from out of the depths of his own consciousness; and Professor Pepper has the merit of having improved him considerably, fitting him for the intercourse of mundane society, and even educating him for the stage. Perpetual motion Dircks had an interest in ongoing the search for a perpetual motion machine. Interestingly enough, Dircks interest in perpetual motion was not due to his enjoyment of the subject, but more due to his despise of it. It has also been noted that Dircks felt "contemptuous pity for anyone that was seriously interested in studying the topic of perpetual motion. In 1861, he commented on the subject in his book that "The subject of Perpetual Motion opposes paradox to paradox." His book Perpetuum mobile; or, Search for self-motive power, published in 1861, examined many attempts at creating such a device, and has since been cited by other science writers on the subject. Dircks summarised the ongoing efforts of inventors:A more self-willed, self-satisfied, or self-deluded class of the community, making at the same time pretension to superior knowledge, it would be impossible to imagine. They hope against hope, scorning all opposition with ridiculous vehemence, although centuries have not advanced them one step in the way of progress.and:There is something lamentable, degrading, and almost insane in pursuing the visionary schemes of past ages with dogged determination, in paths of learning which have been investigated by superior minds, and with which such adventurous persons are totally unacquainted. The history of Perpetual Motion is a history of the fool-hardiness of either half-learned, or totally ignorant persons.In 1870, Dircks had a second book published under the title "Perpetuum Mobile; or; a History of the Search for Self-Motive Power from the Thirteenth, to the Nineteenth Century." This was a follow-up to his first book in which he collected and presented more information and history of perpetual motion devices. In these two works, Dircks worked to carefully classify attempts at creating perpetual motion devices by the year that they were created and in some instances by patent applications. For Henry this turned out to be a difficult task as perpetual motion devices have been attempted across many different countries and time periods. Dircks also broke down perpetual motion devices down into three different categories of how the motion would generally be produced. These three types of devices were motion by chemical extractions, motion by magnetical virtues, and motion by the natural affection of gravity. Dircks study of perpetuum mobile built upon the earlier exploration of the subject by Simon Stevin, who wrote: “It is not true [falsum] that the globe moves by itself with an endless movement [aeternum]”. References External links 1806 births 1873 deaths Engineers from Liverpool Fellows of the Chemical Society Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
The Gollin figures test is a psychological test used to assess someone's visual perception. Subjects are shown pictures of common objects: namely five consecutive incomplete line drawings for each picture, from least to most complete, that the subjects need to mentally complete to identify the object drawn. On a retention test sometime later, however, subjects identify the image sooner than they did on the first test, indicating some form of memory for the image. Amnesiac subjects also show improvement on this test, even though they do not recall taking the test before. Original test In 1960, Eugene S. Gollin investigated the level of completeness that people need to recognize incomplete images and studied how training can change this threshold. For the test he selected common objects known by kindergarten children. Methods Gollin conducted four experiments. In experiment I, 53 children aged 30–65 months and a comparison group of 20 adults were recruited. The test consisted in a series of 11 objects [bell, bird, birthday cake, chair, cow, fish, goose, horse, table (viewed from above and from below), umbrella] each drawn five times (set I, II, III, IV and V) with black ink on a white card and every time with a different level of completeness. The children were shown each image for 3 seconds, starting from the less complete and subsequently increasing the level of completeness. Experiment II was conducted to investigate how training, in 22 nursery children and in 7 other control group children, could decrease the threshold of completeness needed to recognize the objects, which were now increased to 20. In the first week of the experiment, all subjects were exposed to a recognition test (like in experiment I) of the 20 objects; then, during the second week only the 22 experimental children were exposed to the complete images of 10 objects that they had to name. Lastly, in the third week everything was repeated as in week one. In experiment III, only the first set (set I) of every card was shown to 9 children and 18 adults to investigate how many of the 20 cards were recognized. In experiments IVa and IVb, 40 children and 24 adults were trained (like in experiment II) either with set III or with set V and later had to recognize set I objects. Findings In all experiments, scores were calculated by adding the number of the set when each image was recognized, so low scores were associated with less time taken to identify the objects and higher scores with more time. In experiment I, only five children did not succeed in performing the task. There was a negative and statistically significant correlation between children’s age and their average recognition time: older children needed less time to recognize the objects, and there was no significant difference between the average recognition time of adults and that of the older children. In experiment II, during the first week, there was no significant difference between the control group and the experimental group, while in the last week both groups improved significantly, taking less time to recognize the objects. However, with the 10 objects on which they trained, the experimental group did much better than with the 10 objects on which they did not train and than the control group. Thus, merely repeating the task increases the performance but training is needed for a higher increase. In experiments III, IVa and IVb, training to recognize the first set of objects was more efficient when using the third set of intermediate completeness rather than the last set with the completed picture, because the effort to recognize the third set and its level of completeness were closer to the first set than the last one. Computerised version In an article published in 1987 by Foreman and Hemmings, incomplete common objects images were presented on a computer and participants pressed the space bar to reveal more details of the image and once they recognised the object they released the space bar or informed the researcher. This seems a valid alternative to the original test, since Gollin’s findings were successfully replicated and, although more expensive, with its accuracy it eliminates the need for large samples and exposure to many stimuli. Additionally, it creates the possibility of more gradual changes, around 420 levels compared to the original five, which are useful to understand the exact moment and details needed to recognize the object. With some improvements, the computerised version could also be self-administered to participants with a functioning motor system. Theory Gestalt psychology first investigated how we perceive incomplete figures and argued that we tend to add the missing parts and perceive the object as a whole rather than the sum of its parts. Specifically, the Gollin figures test is an example of the law of closure which indicates our tendency to see incomplete images as completed, by filling in the gaps. Clinical uses Visual perception and impediments The test has been used to assess visual perception in a group of healthy young adults and elderly: the latter needed more time and a higher level of completeness to recognise the objects, but there were overlaps between the two groups in terms of results. The task, being simple, was also used to assess Alzheimer and demented patients’ visual perception and impairments, which are often worse than in healthy elderly. Visual agnosia Since the ability to recognize and identify figures is often lost in patients with visual agnosia, the test is also employed as a method to identify visual agnosia. Cerebral lesions Some evidence suggests that the test might be used to differentiate between patients with left or right hemisphere brain damage, since participants with damages to the right hemisphere scored significantly worse than participants with left hemisphere injuries, although these findings have not always been replicated. An intact parietal cortex in the right hemisphere seems crucial to complete the test, because patients with right parietal injuries performed significantly worse than patients with other right hemisphere damages and with left parietal damages. Priming, implicit perceptual learning and memory The test has been used in people with alcohol-induced Korsakoff syndrome to assess: (i) visuoperceptual ability, using the scores of the first trial; (ii) implicit memory (visuoperceptual learning), using the scores of the repeated trials; and (iii) explicit memory, when recalling the names of the objects of the first trial. The test was also used to assess priming in patients with Alzheimer or vascular dementia. Comparison with other visual closure tests No correlation has been found between the computerised version of the Gollin figures test and the Mooney Face Test, so the two seem to use different perceptual processes. However, a small but significant correlation has been found with the Poppelreuter overlapping figures test, probably because Poppelerauter’s objects and Gollin’s background of the image act as masks: thus, in order to be recognised, the object has to be extracted from the mask. References Psychological tests and scales
Hazard (Rebecca "Becky" Sharpe) is a fictional character appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. She is the granddaughter of Gambler. Hazard made her live-action debut on the fourth season of The Flash, portrayed by Sugar Lyn Beard. Fictional character biography During the anti-hero mania that was sweeping the U.S. (during the Legends miniseries, 1986), Miss Rebecca Sharpe took the opportunity to avenge the death of her grandfather, Steven Sharpe III alias the Gambler. Rebecca took the name Hazard and joined with the Wizard in his new Injustice Society – which he called Injustice Unlimited. However, she refused to allow anyone to be killed, nor would she cause anyone's death in the process. They overcame the security at the International Trade Conference in Calgary—namely Infinity, Inc. and a contingent of the Global Guardians—and forced the heroes to help in some mayhem. Hazard took Wildcat and the Tasmanian Devil to Las Vegas and, with their help, financially ruined Mr. Taj, proprietor of the Taj Mahal Casino - it had been the crooked games of the casino which were in part to blame for her grandfather's suicide. They all returned to Calgary to share in the stolen wealth which the Wizard had been gathering, but the plan went haywire when Hourman revived and freed himself, as well as when Solomon Grundy was brought in from the Arctic Circle. It was Solomon who incapacitated Hazard, but in the confusion she was able to escape. Only weeks later, Hazard joined again with the villains the Icicle II and Artemis, along with the Harlequin (Marcie Cooper). The Harlequin brought in the Dummy and a duped Solomon Grundy. Under the leadership of the Dummy, their first goal was to murder the members of Infinity, Inc. so that the world and the criminal underworld would know and fear Injustice Unlimited. Though Hazard had previously voiced an unwillingness to take life, she consented to the murder of the super-powered Infinitors. The first target was Skyman, and he was successfully murdered by Harlequin. Within days Hazard joined with Harlequin and the Dummy to murder Pat Dugan working at Stellar Studios (the Infinity, Inc. HQ) outside Los Angeles. When Pat's young son became a collateral target, however, Hazard used her powers of probability manipulation to help save their lives – the Dummy decided instead to use Dugan as bait for the rest of the Infinitors. When the other heroes arrived at their HQ and the battle was begun, Hazard feigned the loss of her dice and did not join in. Afterwards, when the villains were successfully defeated, Hazard voluntarily entered into custody for her role in the criminal events. Hazard last appeared with several other villainesses who were hunting male superheroes who had been turned into animals by Circe. This takes place in a magically entrapped New York City. Powers and abilities Hazard has psionic powers that she uses in conjunction with special dice to influence probability as she wishes. She can cause good luck or harmful "accidents" to befall someone. The origin of her powers, nature of her dice, and the relationship between them are unknown. In addition, she keeps herself in good physical condition but has no known training in hand-to-hand combat. Family Steven Sharpe III is Rebecca's grandfather and was the original Gambler who vexed the original Justice Society in the late 1940s. Steven Sharpe V is Rebecca's cousin. He has taken over their grandfather's criminal mantle as the current Gambler. Other characters named Hazard Manuel Cabral: The head of Rainforest Technology who takes up the name Hazard when he leads the Black Ops. He and the Black Ops have clashed with Steel many times. Perseus "Percy" Hazard: The grandson of Ulysses Hazard / Gravedigger and leader of Squad K. Other versions Earth-2 Roger Sharpe of Earth-2 was introduced in "The New 52" and operates in Casablanca under the alias of "Darcy Twain". In other media Rebecca "Becky" Sharpe / Hazard appears in The Flash, portrayed by Sugar Lyn Beard. Introduced in the fourth season episode, "Luck Be a Lady", this version was plagued by bad luck until the Thinker tricks the Flash into exposing her to dark matter during a previous episode. After acquiring the power to emit a field that alters local probability, giving her good luck while causing bad luck for everyone around her, she unknowingly expands the field while reaping the benefits of her powers. The Flash attempts to talk her down, but she refuses, seeing her powers as retribution for her previous suffering. Due to the field threatening to engulf Central City and reactivating S.T.A.R. Labs' particle accelerator, Harry Wells allows it to go off and temporarily negate her powers, allowing the Flash to arrest her and remand her to Iron Heights Penitentiary. After the Thinker arranges for the Flash's incarceration in Iron Heights, the latter joins Sharpe, Kilg%re, Dwarfstar, and Black Bison in mounting an escape in the episode "True Colors" before Warden Gregory Wolfe can sell them to Amunet Black. Amidst this, Sharpe confesses to the Flash that she did not wish harm on anyone and that she was afraid of her powers. While he inspires her to use her powers for good, the Thinker immobilizes the Flash so he can kill the inmates for their powers and transfer his mind into Sharpe's body. In the following episode "Subject 9", the Thinker continues to use Sharpe's body to fulfill his plans before transferring his consciousness to the Fiddler's body due to the build-up of dark matter. Following changes made to the multiverse during the events of the crossover "Crisis on Infinite Earths", Sharpe was resurrected off-screen as of the ninth season episode "The Good, the Bad, and the Lucky". A young Rebecca "Becky" Sharpe appears in the Stargirl series finale "Frenemies – Chapter Thirteen: The Reckoning", portrayed by Kelsey Rose Healey. This version is the estranged daughter of the Gambler who was put up for adoption when she was two. In the third season premiere "Frenemies – Chapter One: The Murder", the Gambler discovers Becky's existence and writes a letter to her with the intention of making amends until he is killed. Upon discovering the letter, Courtney Whitmore eventually delivers the letter to Becky for him. References External links Cosmic Teams history page Characters created by Roy Thomas Comics characters introduced in 1987 DC Comics female supervillains DC Comics metahumans Fictional characters who can manipulate probability
Sphegina rufa is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae. Distribution United States. References Brachyopini Insects described in 1922 Taxa named by John Russell Malloch Diptera of North America
BSNL (Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited) is a telecommunication company of the Government of India. BSNL Mobile operates under BSNL brand and provides wireless cellular services to B2B, B2C, & B2G segment in India. BSNL Mobile has a pan-India presence with presence in all the 22 telecom circles in India. It provides services in all of India with roaming access, including Delhi, Kolkata and Mumbai, and International roaming access to more than 300 networks across the world. As of 31 May 2023, BSNL Mobile has a subscriber base of 101.49 million, making it 4th largest mobile telecommunications network in India and 23rd largest mobile telecommunications network in the world. History BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED (BSNL) was incorporated on 15th September 2000. It took over the business of providing of telecom services and network management from the erstwhile Central Government Departments of Telecom Services (DTS) and Telecom Operations (DTO), with effect from 1 October 2000 on going concern basis, in early days it was known as CellOne for GSM mobile services, Excel for Postpaid services. BSNL's network (GSM/GPRS) was launched in late 2002 and in the year 2007 its consumer mobility business was renamed from CellOne to BSNL Mobile. It was the first company which made incoming roaming charges free across the country. BSNL is having coverage in almost all major cities and each towns and more places are being covered(specially under 4G saturation project of GOI). BSNL Mobile offers GSM prepaid and postpaid service. 3G On 27 February 2010, BSNL Mobile launched 3G services on Pan India. BSNL Mobile also has 3G Roaming services in Mumbai & Delhi for other circles subscribers through an agreement with MTNL, This gives BSNL Mobile a 3G presence in all 22 out of 22 circles in India. 4G BSNL Mobile has started providing 4G services in some telecom circles of India. As a part of a revival package promised by the Indian Government, BSNL is deploying 4G technology in its countrywide network using an indigenous 4G/5G stack developed by TCS & C-DoT led consortium. BSNL on July 15, 2023, launched its beta 4G services in Amritsar, Punjab, after successfully conducting a Proof of Concept (PoC) of the Indian 4G stack equipment across 200 live 4G network sites in Firozpur, Pathankot, and Amritsar in India. VoLTE & HD Calling BSNL is launching 4G technology with VoLTE (HD Call) with VoWIFI support starting from a city of Punjab in India. 5G BSNL Mobile is expected to start 5G services soon after commencement of its much awaited 4G service. VoNR Currently BSNL is working with its vendor partner to come up with 5G in NSA(non-standalone) mode then BSNL will migrate towards 5G in SA(standalone) mode. Spectrum frequency holding summary BSNL owns spectrum in 700 MHz, 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz and 2500 MHz, 3300 MHz and 26 GHz bands across the country. References Telecommunications companies of India
The 2011 Mexican Figure Skating Championships took place between 10 and 15 November 2010 in Cuautitlán Izcalli. Skaters competed in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, and ice dancing on the senior level. The results were used to choose the Mexican teams to the 2011 World Championships and the 2011 Four Continents Championships. Senior results Men Ladies Ice dancing External links results 2011 in figure skating 2010 in figure skating Figure Skating Championships Figure Skating Championships 2011
Radiologists without Borders is a 401(c)(3) non-profit organization that delivers humanitarian aid to developing countries, in the form of radiological services and equipment. Radiologists without Borders was founded in 2008, by New York-based radiologist Tariq Gill. The organization is composed entirely of volunteers, and its mission statement is "to bring life saving diagnostic imaging solutions to medically underserved populations worldwide." Radiologists without Borders began work in Haiti after the 2010 earthquake. They have provided an ultrasound to the City Hospital and provided training of medical personnel. The group worked with Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS) and Muhimbili Hospital in 2010 and 2011 to research needs of the school and university. Radiologists without Borders arranged for training of medical personnel which took place at Lourdes Hospital in Binghamton, New York, has donated 2 mammography machines, and textbooks and computers for the school. References Radiology organizations Organizations established in 2008 International medical and health organizations
The television rights to broadcast National Football League (NFL) games are the most lucrative and expensive rights of any sport in the world. Television brought professional football into prominence in the modern era after World War II. Since then, National Football League broadcasts have become among the most-watched programs on American television, and the financial fortunes of entire networks have rested on owning NFL broadcasting rights. This has raised questions about the impartiality of the networks' coverage of games and whether they can criticize the NFL without fear of losing the rights and their income. Since the 1960s, all regular season and playoff games broadcast in the United States have been aired by national television networks. Since 1998, regionally shown games on Sunday afternoons have been televised on CBS and Fox, which primarily carry games of AFC and NFC teams respectively (the conference of the away team generally determines the broadcaster of an inter-conference game). Nationally televised regular season games on Sunday and Monday nights have aired on NBC and ESPN, respectively, since 2006. In addition, a "flexible scheduling" policy allows the league to reschedule Sunday afternoon and night games to different time slots and/or re-assign them to different networks regardless of conference in the second half of the season. Since the 2023 season, Monday night games are now also subject to flexible scheduling. During the postseason, ESPN/ABC airs two or three, NBC airs two or three, while CBS and Fox air the rest of the AFC and NFC games, respectively. The Super Bowl is currently rotated annually among CBS, Fox, NBC, and ABC/ESPN. With games airing on CBS, NBC, Fox, and ESPN/ABC, the NFL thus holds broadcast contracts with four companies (Paramount Global, NBCUniversal, Fox Corporation and The Walt Disney Company/Hearst Communications, respectively) that control a combined vast majority of the country's television product. These four broadcasters paid a combined total of US$39.6 billion to air games from 2014 to 2022. They previously paid a combined total of $20.4 billion to air games between 2006 and 2013. They will then pay over $110 billion for the rights lasting from 2023 through 2033. NFL preseason telecasts are more in line with the other major sports leagues' regular-season telecasts: preseason telecasts are more locally produced, usually by a local affiliate of one of the above terrestrial television networks. Some preseason games will air nationally, however. Under the NFL's anti-siphoning rules for cable games, these stations usually will air simulcasts of ESPN and/or NFL Network games in their local markets if the local team is playing. Overview of schedule The NFL regular season begins in the second weekend in September (the weekend after Labor Day in the United States) and ends in mid-January. Each team plays 17 games during an 18-week period. Typically, the majority of each week's games are played on Sunday afternoon. The Sunday afternoon games are televised regionally, where the particular game available on local television will depend on where the viewer is located, and begin at either 1:00 p.m., 4:05 p.m., or 4:25 p.m. Eastern Time. In addition, there are usually single nationally televised games each on Thursday night, Sunday night, and Monday night. These primetime games are broadcast across the country over one national over-the-air broadcast, cable network, or streaming service, where there are no regional restrictions, nor any other competing NFL contest. All playoff games, the Super Bowl and the Pro Bowl are nationally televised on either Saturday, Sunday or Monday in January and February, and either in the afternoon or in primetime. Scheduling during the NFL preseason is more lenient in that most games usually start based on local time. Thus, games on the West Coast are usually played after 7:00 p.m. Pacific Time (10:00 p.m. Eastern Time). However, the handful of primetime, nationally televised preseason games are still played at approximately 8:30 p.m. Eastern Time. Current broadcasting contracts The television rights to the NFL are the most expensive rights of not only any American sport, but any American entertainment property. With the fragmentation of audiences due to the increased specialization of broadcast and cable TV networks, sports remain one of the few entertainment properties that not only can guarantee a large and diversified audience, but one that will watch live broadcasts. The Super Bowl often ranks among the most watched shows of the year. Four of Nielsen Media Research's top 10 programs of all time are Super Bowls. Networks have purchased a share of the broadcasting rights to the NFL as a means of raising the entire network's profile. The NFL distributes television revenue to all teams equally, regardless of performance. each team receives $255 million annually from the league's television contracts, up 150% from $99.9 million in 2010. Under the current television contracts, which began during the 2022 season, regular season games are broadcast on seven networks: Prime Video, CBS, Fox, NBC, ESPN/ABC and the NFL Network. Since the 2012 NFL season, the major networks have invested more in audio description due to FCC guidelines ramping up the requirements of opening up the second audio program audio channel to access audio description, which is also used by some networks to provide Spanish language audio of their primetime programming. Therefore, all of the NFL's broadcasting partners have added Spanish language audio commentary of games, either through a separate channel or over the SAP channel. ESPN simulcasts Monday Night Football with Spanish-language commentary and graphics over ESPN Deportes and has since the move of MNF to ESPN in 2006, though its ABC simulcasts of games does carry the ESPN Deportes commentary over SAP on ABC. In 2017 and 2018, the Spanish-language coverage was also simulcast on ESPN2 during the first two months of the season. In the 2020-21 playoffs and every playoffs since, ESPN Deportes also aired an AFC Divisional Playoff game and the AFC Championship Game. NBC's sister Spanish-language cable network mun2 (which rebranded as Universo in 2015) began to simulcast select Sunday Night Football games in the 2014 season as part of the new television contract, while its Spanish-language counterpart Telemundo Deportes provides the branding for NBC's SAP Spanish commentary. Fox's Spanish-language sports network Fox Deportes began broadcasting select Fox games, including the playoffs and Super Bowl XLVIII in Spanish during the 2013 season. Super Bowl LI for Fox featured Spanish audio exclusive to Fox Deportes, without a SAP component over-the-air. CBS, which lacked any Spanish language outlets prior to the 2019 remerger (Trés is legally part of the family, but is a cable channel), still uses solely SAP for its Spanish simulcasts. It relied on ESPN Deportes to simulcast Super Bowl 50, LIII and LV in Spanish, though it still carried Spanish SAP audio on the CBS broadcast of the game. NFL finished new contract negotiations for its media rights deals for $110 billion over 11 years on March 18, 2021. In the new contracts, ABC will be eligible to air the Super Bowl for the first time since Super Bowl XL in 2006. Starting 2022, Amazon will be the new home for Thursday Night Football. Amazon is now the first and only streaming service to own full rights over a package of NFL games. Per Adam Schefter, the new 2021 contract also includes the agreement for ESPN+ to stream one exclusive national game each year starting with the 2022 NFL season. Starting in 2023 NFL Season, ESPN/ABC will broadcast a wild-card game and a divisional playoff game, flexible scheduling will also be added to Monday Night Football for Week 12 and beyond. Sunday regional games AFC and NFC packages Since 1970, the regional Sunday games (1 p.m. "early" and 4:05/4:25 p.m. "late" games Eastern time) have been split into AFC and NFC "packages." Each package is held by a single network: CBS has held the AFC package since 1998, and Fox has held the NFC package since 1994. These packages include Sunday afternoon games during each week of the regular season, a single game for each network on Thanksgiving, wild card playoff games, divisional playoff games, and the respective conference championship game for each network. In 1970, when the NFL and AFL merged, and home blackouts were put into place for AFC games (some AFL teams had lifted these during its run; as an example, most New York Jets' home games in 1968 and 1969 were telecast on WNBC-TV New York); this assured that all Sunday afternoon road games would be seen on the same network. Classification as A, B, or C games The Sunday games are classified as "A", "B", or "C" games. "A" games are usually the primary game for each network (1:00 ET for Eastern and Central time zone or 4:05 ET for Mountain and Pacific time zone games in a single-game week), and if the network has a doubleheader, is typically the 4:25 ET game. "B" games are typically the primary 1:00 ET game when the network has a doubleheader, or the secondary game if the network has a single game. "C" games are only shown in the playing teams' markets, and in some cases, markets where the game may be of interest to a local audience (due to playoff implications, rivalries, or a locally popular player/coach). Market size and team success plays a huge factor in determining the level of games. For example, Green Bay has a city population of 105,000, one of the smallest for a city with a sports team. But the Packers usually have the "A" or "B" game because of their long history and almost unparalleled success. (The team is actually two markets for the NFL policy; Milwaukee is the other primary market for the team, as the team before played selected games in Milwaukee, including an NFL Championship Game held in the infield of the Milwaukee Mile.) The Dallas Cowboys (due to that team's national popularity regardless of on-the-field play) and a team or player that has had recent success (such as the New England Patriots due to that team's success since Bill Belichick took over in 2000, then the Tampa Bay Buccaneers following Tom Brady's departure from New England in 2020) have typically been shown in the national doubleheader timeslot for ratings purposes, despite affiliate requests to show a team that may have more appeal locally; these games are typically decided by the NFL and CBS or Fox, depending on who has the doubleheader that week. Interconference games For interconference games, the visiting team generally determines which network is assigned for the game: an AFC team at NFC team game is typically assigned to CBS, and an NFC at AFC game is generally given to Fox. This allows both Fox and CBS affiliates in a team's primary market to carry games from the team during the season. After a Broncos-Vikings game was moved to Fox in 2011 because of Fox having a lack of games as a result of an NFL flexible scheduling policy (see below), the NFL permanently instituted a "cross-flex" policy in 2014, allowing Fox games to be moved to CBS and CBS games moved to Fox. On occasion, both of a team's home interconference games are played in prime time, depriving the opposite conference's network of any games involving the team. This happened in to the Los Angeles Rams, to the Indianapolis Colts, to the Houston Oilers, to both the Buffalo Bills and San Diego Chargers, and to the Miami Dolphins, to the New England Patriots, to the Baltimore Ravens, to the Atlanta Falcons, to the Arizona Cardinals and to the New Orleans Saints. In the 1997 Dolphins' case, their home game against the Chicago Bears had been initially slated for Fox, but was moved to Monday night due to Game 7 of the World Series that was played on Sunday night. In the 2015 Cardinals' case, their home game against the Cincinnati Bengals had been initially slated for CBS, but was moved to Sunday night on NBC via flexible scheduling. The Arizona Cardinals, Detroit Lions, New Orleans Saints and New York Giants, all NFC teams, also had both their home interconference games in prime time, but aired at least once on CBS regardless: the Cardinals appeared on Thursday Night Football in Week 5 at the San Francisco 49ers, the Lions appeared in their traditional Thanksgiving Day game against the Chicago Bears, the Saints had their games against the Arizona Cardinals and the Carolina Panthers crossflexed from Fox, and the Giants had their games against the Chicago Bears and Dallas Cowboys crossflexed from Fox. The Seattle Seahawks did not appear on NBC in their inaugural season of , nor did the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in , despite neither playing a single prime time game. In 1976, Seattle played in the NFC West and played their sole interconference game at Tampa Bay (thus on CBS), whereas, in 1977, the teams swapped conferences, so Tampa Bay played in the NFC Central and played their sole interconference game at Seattle (thus on CBS). Seattle would later return to the NFC West in 2002. In addition to the above, a few teams prior to the 2002 realignment had their sole home interconference game played in prime time. From 1978–2001, this happened in to the Detroit Lions, Buffalo Bills and Houston Oilers, to the Miami Dolphins and Dallas Cowboys, to the Minnesota Vikings and to the Jacksonville Jaguars. The 1982 and 1987 teams all had one of their two scheduled interconference home games cancelled by a players' strike. Additionally, the 1972 Miami Dolphins, the only NFL team to complete a perfect season, did not appear on CBS; their lone interconference home game vs. the St. Louis Cardinals was broadcast on Monday Night Football, and Super Bowl VII was broadcast by NBC. In addition, the team's home stadium would not make an appearance on either CBS or Fox due to interconference home games being crossflexed, this happened in to the Oakland Raiders, to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, to both the Los Angeles Rams and Los Angeles Chargers, to the San Francisco 49ers, to the Tennessee Titans and to both the Los Angeles Chargers and Green Bay Packers. Intraconference games may be crossflexed to protect both networks. Doubleheaders and single games Three games (with some contractual exceptions, see below) are broadcast in any one market each Sunday morning/afternoon, with one network being allocated a "doubleheader" each week: A 1:00 p.m. ET (10:00 a.m. PT) "early" game and a 4:25 p.m. ET (1:25 p.m. PT) "late" game While the other network broadcasts either: A 1:00 p.m. ET (10:00 a.m. PT) game, or A 4:05 p.m. ET (1:05 p.m. PT) game Start times Since 1998, early games have the precise, official start time of 1:01 p.m. ET, which allows for one network commercial and the NFL broadcast copyright teaser animation. However, game times are generally advertised simply as 1 p.m. starts. In addition, the league revised the late games to start at 4:05 p.m. ET if it was the only game televised by the network that week and to begin at 4:15 p.m. ET (moved to 4:25 p.m. ET in ) if it was part of a doubleheader. The additional 20 (10 prior to 2012) minutes for doubleheaders allowed the early games extra time to be shown to completion, and avoid continuing past the late game's scheduled kickoff. For single games, the start of 5 minutes past the hour allows the network time for a short introduction (as three hours had passed since the pre-game show has aired) and one commercial break before kickoff. In those cases, there is no need to avoid early-game overlap as there is no early game shown. In addition, it allows those games to end earlier. This is especially important for CBS, which wants to air 60 Minutes at 7 p.m. ET/6 p.m. CT, or as close to that time as possible, in Eastern and Central time markets which receive only a single late game. Time zone rules Sunday afternoon games in the Mountain and Pacific time zones are always scheduled for 2:05 or 2:25 p.m. Mountain Time and 1:05 or 1:25 p.m. Pacific Time. No games before 12:00 p.m. MT (2:00 p.m. ET) are ever scheduled, partly to avoid conflict with religious services in those cities; Denver had three noon MT kickoffs at Mile High Stadium late in the 1972 season, but the experiment was never repeated. Doubleheader allotments Beginning with the introduction of the 17-game season, Fox and CBS each have eight doubleheader weeks during the season between weeks 2 and 17 with both networks having the doubleheader for weeks 1 and 18. These are not necessarily alternating weeks; one network may have two or rarely three consecutive doubleheaders; this only occurs when one network has doubleheader weeks 2 and 3 after both networks had the doubleheader in week 1, or in weeks 16 and 17, and then both networks have doubleheaders week 18; has happened to Fox 2019 and CBS in 2018. Fox requests to carry a doubleheader on a Sunday it airs a World Series game if a Sunday World Series game is being played (typically Game 2, 5 or 7) and uses the featured 4:25 game as a lead-in for the baseball playoffs (though in 1996, 2001, 2005, 2014, 2019 and 2020 and all years since 2022 (due to no Sunday World Series game due to the expansion of the MLB Postseason) Fox did not have a doubleheader on the day it broadcast of the World Series). During weeks 1 and 18, both networks are given doubleheaders; this has been the case since 2021 for week 1 and 2006 for the final week of the regular season. From 1990 through 2005, one network received nine doubleheaders during the 17-week season, and the other network received eight (except 1993, when CBS and NBC each received nine in an 18-week regular season). Doubleheader allotments were often assigned with restrictions because of other network commitments. This happened during Finals Sunday of the U.S. Open tennis championships (September) (CBS, week 1 1976, '82, '85-'87, '89-'90, '99 and again 2001–2014; week 2 1979-81, '83-'84, '88, '91-'93, '98, '00), or Major League Baseball playoffs in October (NBC, typically during League Championship Series from 1976 to 1989, and again in 1996 and 1997, World Series 1978 to 1984, when Sunday games were afternoon games, CBS, League Championship Series, 1990 to 1993 and Fox, League Division Series 2001 and League Championship Series from 2002 to 2006 and again in 2012). During these weeks, the restricted conference's teams in the Mountain and Pacific time zones could not play at home during the weekend in question, unless they either hosted an interconference game or were scheduled in prime time (regardless of opponent). The rule was effectively eliminated by the new cross-flex rule in 2014, meaning the NFL could apply the new rule and assign games that would be on the restricted network to the other network. In 1991 (Charleston, South Carolina market) and 1995 (Rochester, New York market), NBC did not allow their games to be played in the early slot (1:00 p.m. ET) in order to cover the final day of matches in golf's Ryder Cup (no restrictions in 1993 because the matches would end before 5:30 p.m. local time, or 12:30 p.m. ET). Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the league had to accommodate similar broadcasting conflicts when two men's major golf championships were postponed to the fall. The league gave Fox one late game in Week 2, Washington Football Team at Arizona Cardinals, to allow viewers to see the conclusion of the U.S. Open on Fox Sports 1 September 20. Rights to the golf tournament were later transferred to NBC, whose single primetime window for football rendered the point moot. Similarly with the final round of The Masters rescheduled for November 15, CBS was not given any early games in Week 10. NFL Sunday Ticket and NFL RedZone NFL Sunday Ticket is a subscription-based package that allows out of market regional games to be watched in full. Due to contractual reasons, national and in-market games are unavailable on the service. Sunday Ticket is also typically subject to the same blackout rules as local broadcasts. Starting with the 2023 NFL regular season, YouTube TV and YouTube Primetime Channels, will offer NFL Sunday Ticket. It will be exclusive to YouTube in the US and available on streaming devices, mobile apps, smart TVs, as well as most web browsers. Satellite broadcast company DirecTV previously offered Sunday Ticket from the inception of the product in 1994 until the end of the 2022 regular season. In Canada, NFL Sunday Ticket is available via the streaming service DAZN and traditional cable and satellite providers. This is due to Canadian law generally preventing one provider from offering a package on an exclusive basis. A similar service is generally available on NFL GamePass International and local providers outside of the USA and Canada. Blackout and other restrictions vary on an individual country basis due to network exclusivities. NFL RedZone is a premium network featuring whip-around coverage of regular season Sunday afternoon games in progress. The channel prides itself on showing "every touchdown from every game" using simulcasts from the relevant CBS and FOX feeds. It is available on many cable, streaming, and satellite providers in the United States, as well as several international services. Sunday local market policies Regular season Sunday afternoon games aired on CBS and Fox are distributed to affiliates by means of regional coverage. Each individual game is only broadcast to selected media markets. The NFL imposes several television and blackout policies to maximize ratings and optimize stadium attendances. Primary markets Several factors determine which games are carried in each market. Each of the 32 NFL teams is assigned a "primary market" which is the metropolitan area where the club is located. Most teams also have a selected number of secondary markets. Secondary markets - which are almost exclusively non-NFL cities and towns - can be of any size, and are typically defined by an area where any part of the market falls within 75 miles of an NFL stadium. Small markets that have no clubs tend to strongly associate with geographically nearby or particularly relevant teams, but may fall outside of a 100-mile radius, are not necessarily an officially designated secondary markets by the NFL. Generally, games are aired in the primary and secondary markets as follows: All away games are aired in the primary and secondary markets. This is a gesture to old policies based on the ability for fans to attend games. Away games were looked upon as too difficult to travel to and attend. All sold-out home games are aired in the primary market. Through the 2014 season but not since, games that did not sell out at least 72 hours prior to kickoff were subject to local blackout in the primary and all secondary markets. (see below) Restrictions on other games when local team is playing The NFL rules have traditionally prohibited other NFL games from being shown on local television stations while a local team is playing a sold out, locally televised home game. Under these rules, when the home team is being shown on the network with the NFL single game, the doubleheader station can only air one of its games. When this happens, there are only two games shown in the market. However, when the home team is being shown on the network with the NFL doubleheader, all three games can still air in the same market. The rule was designed to encourage ticket-holders to show up at the stadium instead of watching another game on television. However, each network was guaranteed to have at least one game broadcast in every market, so some exceptions are granted to this rule, typically when one of the two Sunday game networks has a 1:00 p.m. or 4:30 p.m. live non-NFL event, such as golf, tennis, baseball, or drag racing. Since 2014, this rule has not applied in Week 17 when both CBS and Fox have the doubleheader, so all markets receive four games that week. In 2019, this rule was loosened as a one-year test, allowing each market to air three games in some weeks regardless if the local team is playing at home. Prior to the 2000 season, doubleheader rules were much more restrictive. Pre-2000, only one game from each network could be aired in a market where a home game was played, even if the home game was on the doubleheader network. Therefore, markets with two teams (such as New York) rarely got more than two games, since odds were that one of the two teams would be at home on any given Sunday. Consequently, the Jets or Giants were often scheduled on Saturday in the final two weeks of the season to free up Sunday for the other New York team. Mid-game switches During the afternoon games, CBS and Fox may switch a market's game to a more competitive one mid-game, particularly when a game becomes one-sided. For this to occur, one team must be ahead by at least 18 points in the second half. Due to the controversial 1968 "Heidi Game" incident on NBC, a primary media market must show its local team's game in its entirety and secondary markets usually follow suit for away games. Also, for home games secondary markets or any others where one team's popularity stands out may request a constant feed of that game, and in that case will not be switched. If the local team is scheduled for the late game of a doubleheader, it has importance over any early game. If 4:25 p.m. arrives, and the early game is ongoing, the primary affiliate (all games) and secondary affiliates (road games) are required to cut off the early game and switch to the start of the local team's game. Additional affiliates, including secondary affiliates for home games, may also request to pull out of an early game for a nearby team's late start. This is common in Texas, where many affiliates which are not considered secondary markets by the NFL still switch out of early games in order to get to the start of a 4:25 Dallas Cowboys game. When a local team plays the early game of a doubleheader, that game holds importance over any late game. If the local team's early game runs beyond 4:25 p.m., the primary and secondary markets stay on until completion, and the late game is joined in-progress. Shared media markets For this reason, if two teams share a primary media market, their games are never scheduled on the same network on the same day (unless they play each other). Otherwise, the networks could theoretically have to cut away from one team's game to show the other. Since , two pairs of teams are affected by this rule, and are subject to additional rules described below: The New York Giants and New York Jets The Los Angeles Rams and Los Angeles Chargers Chargers and Rams The Los Angeles Chargers and Los Angeles Rams gained shared-marked status, after the Rams' returned to Los Angeles (from St. Louis) in 2016, followed by the Chargers (from San Diego) in 2017. After playing in separate stadiums from 2017 to 2019, they began sharing SoFi Stadium in 2020. Every season, the Chargers and the Rams play at least 22 combined games which cannot be scheduled in the Sunday early time slot because they and most of their respective AFC West and NFC West rivals are in the Pacific and Mountain time zones: nine home games for one team and eight home games for the other; the Chargers' away games at Denver and Las Vegas; and the Rams' away games at Arizona, San Francisco, and Seattle. During seasons in which the AFC West and NFC West play each other, this count increases to 24 or 25 total games. In addition to the games listed above, the Chargers will have two interconference away games in the Mountain or Pacific Time Zones and the Rams will have one or two such games (depending on whether their game against Kansas City, located in the Central Time Zone, is away). However, one of these games is a head-to-head matchup between the two teams. During seasons in which the 17th game features an AFC West team at an NFC West team, this count increases to 23 games unless the Chargers and Rams play head-to-head in this game. The Rams' two interconference home games (with a visiting AFC team) are televised by CBS, and the Chargers' interconference home games (with a visiting NFC team) are on Fox, unless they are scheduled in prime time or are cross-flexed. This also limits the broadcast opportunities for the other team's game. When the Chargers and the Rams played in separate stadiums from 2017 to 2019, there were several times that both teams played late games on Sunday (including Week 2 of 2017 when both were at home), each of different networks. Whenever this happened, the must-show rule trumped the exclusivity rule, resulting in both games being shown in the Los Angeles Area at the same time. Although both teams now share SoFi Stadium, they can still play late games at the same time on Sunday, only that one of them can be at home. On weeks both teams play home games, the other game is played either on Thursday or Monday night. For the 2017 season, the NFL arranged four weeks in which one network would carry both the Rams and Chargers in separate time slots while the other had the rights to a doubleheader, thus giving the Los Angeles market four games in those weeks. Fox split its coverage between its two Los Angeles stations, KTTV and MyNetworkTV affiliate KCOP-TV. Likewise, CBS split between KCBS-TV and sister station KCAL-TV. These instances required cross-flexing of one NFC game (the Rams hosted the Seattle Seahawks in Week 5 on CBS) and one AFC game (the Chargers hosted the Buffalo Bills on Fox in Week 11). Giants and Jets The New York Giants and New York Jets began sharing the New York City market after the Jets began play in 1960. Both teams played at Giants Stadium from 1984 to 2009 and MetLife Stadium since 2010. Originally, the league almost never scheduled the Giants and the Jets to play their games at the same time. The league first allowed exceptions during the season due to unusual scheduling logistics. These exceptions marked the first times since the season that the Giants and Jets played games simultaneously. In the 2017 season, the teams were scheduled for the same time slot five times. The aforementioned Chargers and Rams' late time slot requirement does not exist for the Giants and Jets. Since all NFC East and AFC East teams are either in the Eastern or Central time zones, most of their games can be played in either the early 1:00 p.m. or the late 4:05 p.m./4:25 p.m. time slots. However, it is still impossible for both New York teams to play home games on the same day, because they share MetLife Stadium. Therefore, the other same conflicts still exists. As an example aversion, in , the Jets hosted the Seattle Seahawks and the Los Angeles Rams. The former game was scheduled during the same week in which the Giants played the Minnesota Vikings on Monday Night Football, while the latter game was scheduled during the same week in which the Giants played the Cincinnati Bengals on Monday Night Football. Conversely, the Giants' other interconference home game, vs. the Baltimore Ravens, was scheduled during the same week in which the Jets played on Monday Night Football. Week 14 of the 2021 season initially had one instance where Fox held the rights to both the Jets and Giants games despite CBS having the doubleheader (the Jets host New Orleans at 1:00 p.m., while the Giants play at the Los Angeles Chargers for a 4:05 p.m. contest). In such an instance, Fox would likely have split coverage between its New York properties, WNYW and WWOR-TV. However, the NFL later crossflexed the Saints-Jets game to CBS. Primary/secondary market conflicts Although in close proximity, the Washington Commanders and Baltimore Ravens are served by separate media markets, and so they can play at the same time and even on the same network. If both teams play at the same time on opposite networks with at least one at home, both games have aired in each market on a few occasions. Because Washington D.C. is an official secondary market for the Ravens but Baltimore is not an official secondary market for Washington, most cases involve a Ravens away game being aired in D.C. opposite a Washington home game. In 2016, the same rule applied in Los Angeles, as Los Angeles was a primary market for the Rams and a secondary market for the Chargers (as the team was still playing in San Diego). However, no Chargers away games were scheduled opposite Rams home games. Rams and Raiders in Los Angeles (1982–94) When the Rams and Raiders shared the Los Angeles market from 1982 to 1994, the NFL was more lenient on its shared media markets policies, frequently scheduling home games for both teams at the same time. For example, during Week 17 of the 1994 season, their last respective home games in Los Angeles, both the Washington Redskins at Rams game and the Kansas City Chiefs at Raiders game were played at 1 p.m. PT. Likewise, the late Sunday afternoon games during Week 11 of the 1993 season included both the Kansas City Chiefs at the Raiders and the Atlanta Falcons at the Rams. Both the Rams and Raiders usually had trouble selling out their respective stadiums during their time in Los Angeles, thus their home games were frequently blacked out anyway. 49ers and Raiders in the San Francisco Bay Area (1960–1981 and 1995–2019) When the 49ers and Raiders shared the Bay Area market from 1960 to 1981 and again from 1995 to 2019, originally the teams were typically not scheduled at the same time. To alleviate conflicts, both teams were scheduled for at least one prime time game, regardless of their records during the previous season. In , with the Broncos–49ers game being played in London, England during Week 8 of that season, the game occurred in the early time slot, something that would have been prohibited had the game been played in San Francisco. This allowed the Raiders to host the Seahawks on that day, marking the first time the 49ers played on CBS and the Raiders played on Fox on the same day, though the Raiders game was blacked out locally. Starting in 2012, there were a number of times that the Raiders and 49ers both played late games on Sunday, often during Week 17. Whenever this happened, the must-show rule trumped the exclusivity rule, resulting in both games being shown in the Bay Area at the same time. After the Raiders moved to Las Vegas in 2020, the schedule continues to be made so that the 49ers and Raiders are never scheduled to play at the same time on the same network so that all Raiders games can continue to air in the Bay Area market. With the Bay Area no longer being a shared market, it is now possible for one team to play the early game followed by the other team playing the late game on the doubleheader network. Bonus coverage When a media market's regionally televised game ends before the others, the network (CBS or Fox) may switch to "bonus coverage" of the ending of another game. However, the league imposes two restrictions that are designed to maximize the ratings of the late games on the doubleheader network, which tend to record the most NFL viewers during the day, often beating the audience for Sunday night games (these rules were changed in 2019, along with the singleheader rule, in an effort to keep viewers watching for longer periods of time.). First, bonus coverage offered after any early time slot games cannot be shown past the start of the late time slot (either 4:20 ET for the doubleheader network or 4:25 ET for the single game network). This prevents people from continuing to watch the bonus coverage instead of seeing the beginning of the late doubleheader network's game (which is usually either their local team or the network's featured game). Networks may show highlights of the game and usually will at the earliest opportunity. The network broadcasting the single game will sometimes show each play as soon as it ends as part of its post-game show. A station originally getting the game featured during bonus coverage will stay with it unless it is leaving to show a local team. Second, bonus coverage cannot be shown after a late game on the single-game network because it will run in opposition to the ending of the late doubleheader network's game and Football Night in America. However, the single-game network usually schedules most of its top games in the early 1:00 ET time slot (except for west coast teams' home games, and possibly either a Giants or Jets game), so this does not tend to be a major issue. If the doubleheader network's games all finish before 7:30 ET, it is supposed to conclude the post-game show within 10 minutes to protect FNIA. If any games finish after 7:30, the post-game program can run until 8 ET. However, this restriction seems to apply to game footage only; on several occasions Fox has run its post-game offering to 8:00, despite all games ending before 7:30, by airing only panel discussions and interviews in the latter portion of the show. On the other hand, CBS rarely airs any post-game show after its doubleheaders or 4:05 single-games. This is because 60 Minutes is one of its signature shows, and CBS makes every effort to start it as close to 7 or 7:30 — its traditional airtime — as possible. National games National broadcasts of marquee matches occur on Thursday, Sunday and Monday nights. NBC has broadcast rights to the opening night kickoff game and to the Sunday night games. These are televised under a special "flexible schedule" that allows Sunday afternoon games to be moved to prime-time beginning with Week 5 of the season. Sunday Night Football NBC has broadcast the marquee "game of the week" nationally since 2006. Before 2006, the "game of the week" was considered to be Monday Night Football on ABC. However, ESPN previously aired games on Sunday nights from 1987-2005, and TNT aired games from 1990-1997. Thursday night games Since 2012, a Thursday night game went into effect during every week of the season with the exception of the final week. Each game is aired on the NFL Network (prior to 2021) or Amazon Prime Video (2022 and on), with the exceptions of the Week 1 NFL Kickoff and Thanksgiving Day games, which are aired on NBC. The season-kickoff game for the 2012 season was moved up a day — to a Wednesday, in order to avoid conflict with President Barack Obama's speech at the Democratic National Convention. Since the NFL tries to avoid scheduling Thursday night games during the season which would require the visiting team to travel more than one time zone (excluding the Week 1 Kickoff), the five teams in the Pacific Time Zone — the Las Vegas Raiders, Los Angeles Chargers, Los Angeles Rams, San Francisco 49ers and Seattle Seahawks — would have more limited scheduling options in years that the AFC West and NFC West divisions don't face each other in interconference play. There have been some notable exceptions: the Kansas City Chiefs, who are based in the Central Time Zone, have played both the Chargers and Raiders on Thursdays; the Rams, who were based in St. Louis until , played against the 49ers in . Since TNF started in 2012, the Dallas Cowboys of the Central Time Zone have occasionally hosted clubs from the Pacific Time Zone on Thanksgiving Day: Dallas hosted the Oakland Raiders in , the Los Angeles Chargers in , and hosted the Las Vegas Raiders in . The Detroit Lions, of the Eastern Time Zone, have not hosted a Mountain or Pacific Time Zone team during this time. Each year since 2014, the Thursday Night game the week after Thanksgiving has featured two teams that played on Thanksgiving, effectively giving both teams a full week of practice rather than the short week that most teams have for a Thursday Night game. In 2014, CBS had simulcast Thursday night games between Weeks 2–8 and televised one of two Saturday games in Week 16, and each Thursday night game was an intra-division game, except for the Packers–Seahawks Week 1 NBC kickoff and the Cowboys–Bears game in Week 14. The two Saturday games in Week 16 — Eagles–Redskins and Chargers–49ers — aired beginning at 4:30 p.m. ET. The 4:30 p.m. ET game was televised by the NFL Network, while the other began shortly after 8:00 p.m. ET, and aired on CBS. Monday Night Football Between 1970 and 1977, and again since 2003, there has been no Monday night game during the last week of the season. From 1978 until 2002, a season-ending Monday night game was scheduled. The 2003 revision permits the NFL to have all eight teams involved in the Wild Card playoffs to have equal time in preparation, instead of the possibility of one or two teams having a shorter preparation for their playoff game if they were picked to play on Saturday, instead of Sunday. This scenario, in which a team finishing its season on Monday night had a playoff game the following Saturday, never occurred. Between and , ESPN has opened the season with a Monday Night Football doubleheader, with a 7:00 p.m. game and a 10:30 p.m. both shown in their entirety nationwide. ESPN2 or ESPNEWS (only in 2012 because ESPN2 was airing an MLB game) started the second game if the game on ESPN was not over by the time the second game had started. However, in Week 1 of the 2018 season, the conclusion of the first game of the doubleheader, Jets–Lions, moved to ESPN2 in order to show the beginning of the Rams–Raiders game on ESPN. Since , select Monday Night Football games have been simulcast on ABC, ESPN2, and ESPN+. While the ABC broadcast is a simulcast of the main ESPN feed, the ESPN2 and ESPN+ feeds have also featured alternate telecasts. The 2020 alternate telecast was hosted by Rece Davis and Kirk Herbstreit, while the current version, started in 2021, is hosted by Eli Manning and Peyton Manning and nicknamed the “Manningcast.” Local syndication of cable games and anti-siphoning To maximize television ratings, as well as to protect the NFL's ability to sell television rights collectively, games televised on cable or streaming are blacked out in each of the primary markets of both teams (the Green Bay Packers have two primary markets, Green Bay and Milwaukee, a remnant of when they played some home games in Milwaukee each season, see below) under syndicated exclusivity regulations as the league sells via broadcast syndication a package featuring that team's games. This station does not need to have affiliate connections with a national broadcaster of NFL games, though owned-and-operated stations of ABC and Hearst Television (even those Hearst stations not affiliated with ABC, and including their one independent station in the Tampa-St. Petersburg market) have first right of refusal for ESPN games due to both ESPN and ABC's common ownership by The Walt Disney Company (Hearst holds a 20% stake in ESPN). In the past (until 2021), the ABC O&Os have passed on airing the game, opting instead to air the network's Monday night schedule which includes the successful Dancing with the Stars. In other markets, stations who are the affiliates of MyNetworkTV or The CW (and, in at least one case, an independent station) have out bid more established local broadcasters in some markets. However, the home team's market must be completely served by the station (as opposed to a low-power station). With increasing consolidation of local broadcasters in the United States, larger station ownership groups (particularly Nexstar Media Group) have increasingly cornered the market for these simulcasts. The NFL's anti-siphoning regulations affect all cable and streaming games. In the markets of the participating teams, the respective cable channel is blacked out. Cable and streaming games air via broadcast syndication to an over-the-air station. Typically, the team's flagship station for the preseason games will hold such rights, as teams will usually sell the preseason, local non-broadcast television games as one package. Only over-the-air stations in the market of the participating teams (with the Green Bay Packers having two such markets) may bid on this syndicated package. In 2014, CBS affiliates in the primary markets in question have the primary option to NFL Network-only games; if the local affiliate declines the option (as was in Cincinnati), the NFL will implement the same syndicated package rule. In 2016 and 2017, with the TNF package split between CBS and NBC, this depended on which network produces the game for NFL Network. With Fox taking over the TNF package in 2018, Fox affiliates will have the primary option of simulcasting NFL Network games. Starting in 2022, the Amazon Prime Video subscription service will hold the rights to broadcast TNF and because of this, the NFL will continue to require these games to be syndicated to the team's local markets. This led to controversy in , when the New England Patriots were scheduled to play the New York Giants at Giants Stadium in their regular season finale on the NFL Network, in what was to be a chance to complete the first 16–0 regular season in NFL history. After the Senate Judiciary Committee threatened the NFL's antitrust exemption if it did not make the game available nationwide, the NFL relented and made the game the first in league history to be simulcast on three networks. The game aired on the NFL Network, as planned; on NBC, which would normally have the rights to prime time games; and, since the away team was an AFC team, on CBS. (WCVB in Boston holds the rights to the NFL's syndicated package for Patriots games, causing this game to be available on 3 over-the-air stations in the Boston TV market). This however, did not lead to the NFL offering this package to other channels; the games have remained on the NFL Network, although cable coverage of NFL Network has increased in the intervening period. Under the agreement for the 2014 season between CBS and the NFL Network for Thursday Night Football simulcasts during the first half of the season, local rights to such games that are not carried by CBS are awarded to the markets' CBS affiliates, rather than syndicated. If the CBS affiliate opts out of the deal, the NFL will offer the package by syndication, typically with the Monday Night package. The CBS/NFL Network deal was extended for the 2015 season on January 18, 2015. For the 2016 season, two midseason TNF games were NFL Network-exclusive but produced by NBC; the NBC affiliates in those markets with teams competing carried those games in-market. With the 2018 move of the package to Fox, the two NFL Network-exclusive games produced by Fox actually varied between NBC and CBS affiliates rather than being exclusive to the Fox stations in each market. On November 8, 1987, the very first NFL game ever aired on ESPN was played between the New England Patriots and New York Giants. Technically, the game was only simulcast in the Boston market, with a separate broadcast produced for the New York market by ESPN sister property WABC-TV – at the time, WABC's union contract prohibited non-union workers (like those of ESPN) from working on live events broadcast on the station. This marked the only time since the AFL–NFL merger that a regular season game was locally produced for TV. The WABC broadcast featured WABC's own Corey McPherrin doing play-by-play, and Frank Gifford and Lynn Swann from Monday Night Football doing color commentary (Gifford and Swann did not have to travel further for their Monday Night game, which was Seahawks at Jets.). Saturday NFL games Under the Sports Broadcasting Act of 1961, for the NFL to retain its antitrust exemption, professional games are not permitted to air on any television station within a 75-mile radius of any high school or college game from 6pm on Friday to midnight on Saturday evening until the second weekend of December; effectively, this prevents the NFL from scheduling any games on those days. Since the 1970 AFL–NFL merger, the NFL has taken an informal approach to scheduling games on Saturdays after the end of the college football season, with the scheduling policy changing many times. From 1970 to 2005, both of the Sunday afternoon broadcast networks (CBS and NBC from 1970–1993, Fox and NBC from 1994–1997, and Fox and CBS from 1998–2005) were given at least two Saturday afternoon national broadcasts in December, with ESPN also airing one or two Saturday game in primetime from 1998 to 2005. In 2006, the schedule was cut to three Saturday games, which aired in primetime and were televised on the NFL Network in December. In 2008, this was changed to only one Saturday game, still aired in primetime on the NFL Network, which was the policy through 2011. For the 2012 season, ESPN aired the lone Saturday game in primetime. No Saturday game was scheduled in 2013, the first and only time since the 1970 merger that the NFL did not play any regular season games on Saturday. In 2014, the NFL returned to Saturdays with a Week 16 doubleheader, with the Saturday afternoon game airing on the NFL Network and a Saturday night game airing on CBS. CBS Sports produced coverage for both games. In 2015, this schedule was modified again to one Saturday night game during both Week 15 and Week 16, these games were cable-only and produced by CBS. In 2016, Christmas fell on a Sunday, so the regional slate of week 16 games aired on Saturday afternoon, with a national game also airing that night, along with a national week 15 Saturday game the previous week, with CBS and Fox producing the regional games and NBC producing the national games for cable. Since 2018, NFL Network has exclusively aired three or four late-season Saturday games per season. When the schedule is released, five Sunday afternoon games in each of these weeks will be eligible to be moved to Saturday afternoon or evening. The games moving to Saturday are typically announced no later than four weeks prior to game day. Beginning in 2021, ESPN and ABC will air a Saturday doubleheader during Week 18 featuring games with playoff implications. The 2021 season will feature six Saturday regular season games (two each in Weeks 15, 16, and 18), equal with the 2001 and 2003 seasons for the most Saturday games played in a season since the turn of the millennium (excluding years in which Christmas falls on Sunday, and thus the great majority of that week's games are moved to Saturday afternoon). Several notable games have taken place on Saturdays, including the New England Patriots' historic comeback from a 22–3 deficit in the fourth quarter against the New York Giants in 1996, a game the same season between the Philadelphia Eagles and the New York Jets in which the Eagles won in dramatic fashion over the 1-13 Jets to keep their playoff hopes alive (they would eventually qualify), the final game at Three Rivers Stadium featuring the Pittsburgh Steelers and Washington Redskins in 2000, another Patriots-Giants matchup in 2007 which saw the Patriots complete a 16–0 season and was simulcast on three networks, the last-ever match at Texas Stadium won by the Baltimore Ravens over the Dallas Cowboys in 2008, a 2012 game between the Detroit Lions and the Atlanta Falcons in which Calvin Johnson of the Lions set the NFL record for receiving yards in one season, a 2015 game between the Eagles and the Redskins to decide the NFC East champion, and a 2022 game between the Titans and Jaguars to decide the AFC South champion. Flexible scheduling Since the 2006 season, the NFL has used a "flexible scheduling" system for the last seven weeks of the regular season. This is because by week 11, there are a number of teams that have been eliminated or nearly eliminated from playoff contention. Flex-scheduling ensures that all Sunday night games and, on the doubleheader network, the late game that is designated as the national game (airs in the majority of markets nationally), have playoff significance, regardless of whether or not both teams are competing for a playoff spot. Two examples of this type of flexing involved the Carolina Panthers in 2008 and 2009. In the first instance, the Panthers and New York Giants saw a late season game flexed due to the winner of that matchup clinching the NFC's top seed and home-field advantage throughout the playoffs. The next season, an out-of-contention Panthers team hosted the 11–2 Minnesota Vikings, who had a chance to improve their playoff positioning and take the top seed in the NFC playoffs; hence, this game was flexed despite Carolina's 5–8 record. Sometimes, games will be flexed due to a team's success; for instance, the 2007 matchup between the New England Patriots and Buffalo Bills at Ralph Wilson Stadium was flexed due to the Patriots' potential run at an undefeated regular season that they eventually completed. This system also allows teams that enjoy unexpected success to acquire a prime time spot that was not on their original schedule. Thanksgiving games and all games airing on cable channels (Monday, Thursday, and Saturday games) are fixed in place and cannot be changed to Sunday night, as are games during Christmas weekend whenever Christmas Day falls on a Sunday, as it was in 2011 (most games are played on Christmas Eve Saturday instead). It also increases the potential for teams to play on consecutive Sunday nights, as the 2007 Patriots, 2007 Redskins, the 2008 Giants, the 2012 49ers, the 2013 Broncos, 2015 Cardinals, the 2016 Cowboys, the 2018 Chiefs, the 2018 Vikings, the 2018 Rams, and the 2022 Chargers did (the Patriots hosted the Philadelphia Eagles the week following the second matchup with the Bills as scheduled, the Redskins were flexed into a matchup with the Giants and played the Vikings in a regularly scheduled matchup the week after, and the Giants hosted the Panthers one week after playing the Dallas Cowboys in Texas Stadium. The 49ers played the Seahawks in Seattle one week after playing at the Patriots. The Broncos were flexed into a matchup with the Chiefs and then playing on the road against the Patriots. The Vikings were flexed into a matchup with the Bears then hosted the Packers the next week. The Rams were flexed into a matchup also with the Bears then hosted the Eagles the next week.) Under the system, Sunday games in the affected weeks in the Eastern and Central time zones will tentatively have the start time of 1:00 p.m. ET (10:00 am PT). Those played in the Mountain or Pacific time zones will have the tentative start time of 4:05/4:25 p.m. ET (1:05/1:25 p.m. PT). Also, there will be one game provisionally scheduled for the 8:20 p.m. ET slot. On the Tuesday twelve days before the games (possibly sooner), the league will move one game to the prime time slot (or keep its original choice), and possibly move one or more 1:00 p.m. slotted games to the 4:00 p.m. slot. Fox and CBS each may protect a total of five Sunday afternoon games, not more than one per week, during weeks 11–17 and NBC selects which game they want to air. For example, in 2011, NBC wanted a late season game between the Denver Broncos and New England Patriots which featured Tim Tebow as the Broncos quarterback. CBS protected the game and NBC got a game featuring the San Diego Chargers instead. Networks have the option of waiving protection to allow for a Sunday night airing, as happened with a game between the unbeaten Kansas City Chiefs and one-loss Denver Broncos in Week 11 of the 2013 season. The contest was protected by CBS, which would have to air it in the regional 4:05 p.m. timeslot because the game was in Denver and the network did not have doubleheader rights that week. CBS thus allowed NBC to pick up the telecast for a nationwide broadcast. Neither CBS or Fox can protect games in week 18. In years when Christmas falls on Sunday (like in 2022) or on Monday (like in 2017), the NFL schedules its main slate of afternoon games on Christmas Eve (which would fall on Saturday or Sunday) without a prime time game, as NBC's game would be moved to Christmas night (see below). Thus, Sunday Night game flexible scheduling can not occur in week 16; NBC is then given flexible scheduling in week 10 instead. However, the other two types of flexible scheduling changes—moving a game from early to late, or changing networks—is still possible during such weeks. The NFL went around the flexible scheduling procedure prohibition in the 2016 NFL season where Christmas falls on a Sunday by scheduling two Sunday games at 4:30 p.m. and 8:30 p.m. ET, respectively. During the last week of the season, the league could reschedule games as late as six days before the contests so that as many of the television networks as possible will be able to broadcast a game that has major playoff implications, and so that several division races or Wild Card spots are on the line at the same time. The week 18 game on Sunday night is decided exclusively by the NFL; networks cannot protect or choose during the final week. For this final Sunday Night contest, the league prefers to flex-in a matchup in which at least one team must win in order to qualify for the playoffs, regardless of what happens in the other week 18 games. Since 2010 when the NFL began scheduling only divisional matchups in the final week, it is possible an intradivisional game that appeared on national TV previously could be selected again. The NFL will only select such a game if there is no other suitable option. This example happened in the 2011 season concerning matchups between the Dallas Cowboys and New York Giants. In week 14, both teams played a game with major playoff implications that could have all but eliminated the Giants from playoff contention with a loss. Instead, that game marked the start of a four-game winning streak to end the season which included a game where the Giants eliminated the Eagles from playoff contention (despite a win over the Cowboys) with a win over the New York Jets. This win flexed the following week's matchup, where the Giants hosted the Cowboys, into NBC's slot, which determined the NFC East champion. Individual teams may make no more than four appearances on NBC's Sunday Night Football package during the season. Only three teams may make as many as six prime time appearances (Sunday night, Monday night, Thursday night, and Saturday night combined). The remaining teams may make a maximum of five prime time appearances. In addition, there are no restrictions amongst intra-division games being "flexed." In the 2014 NFL season, a related policy known as "cross-flexing" became available, where games can now be swapped between CBS and Fox, regardless of conference, in order to improve balance between the two networks, and expand the distribution of noteworthy games. A notable example occurred in the final week of the season, where a game featuring the Atlanta Falcons hosting the Carolina Panthers playing to clinch the NFC South division (which was tentatively scheduled for Fox with a 1:00 p.m. kickoff) was cross-flexed to CBS and moved to a 4:25 p.m kickoff, in order to give the network a late-afternoon game with playoff implications (since Fox was also, by virtue of its package, to air a game between Detroit and Green Bay that would determine the NFC North champion, and the AFC North title game between Cincinnati and Pittsburgh had been flexed to Sunday Night Football). In the 2020 offseason, the NFL queried its teams on the possibility of expanding flexible scheduling to Monday Night Football. No consensus was achieved on whether or not such an expansion would be viable, as travel and lodging reservations are set in advance and would require visiting teams to book hotels for an extra day because of the uncertainty such a flex option would entail. Flexible scheduling would not take effect until Monday Night Football's next contract begins in 2022. In 2020, because of numerous pandemic-related issues that led to CBS losing a 1 PM (Pittsburgh vs Tennessee) and a 4:25 PM (New England at Kansas City) game during Week 4, the NFL used the flexible schedule rule to move Indianapolis at Chicago from 1 PM to 4:25 PM. Holiday games Thanksgiving Day games Thanksgiving Day contests have been held since before the league's inception. The Detroit Lions have hosted a game every Thanksgiving since 1934 (with the exception of 1939–1944 due to the "Franksgiving" confusion and World War II), and they have been nationally televised since 1953. The first color television broadcast of an NFL regular season game was the 1965 Thanksgiving contest between the Lions and Baltimore Colts. In 1966, the NFL introduced an annual game hosted by the Dallas Cowboys, which has been played every year except in 1975 and 1977 when the St. Louis Cardinals hosted a match instead. However, fans both inside and outside St. Louis did not respond well to an NFL fixture on Thanksgiving, and thus Dallas resumed hosting the game in 1978. When the AFL began holding annual Thanksgiving Day games, the league chose a different model, circulating the game among several cities. During the 1967–69 seasons, two Thanksgiving AFL games were televised each year. After the 1970 merger, the NFL decided to keep only the traditional Detroit and Dallas games. Due to the broadcast contracts in place since 1970, three NFC teams play on Thanksgiving, as opposed to only one AFC outfit. During even years, the Lions play their Thanksgiving game against an AFC team, and thus are televised by the network holding the AFC package (NBC and later CBS since 1998); the Cowboys host an NFC team and are shown by the network with the NFC package (CBS and later Fox since 1994). During odd years, Dallas hosts an AFC team and Detroit plays an NFC opponent (usually another NFC North team, and often the Green Bay Packers, who draw high television ratings). Every decade or so, this even-odd rotation was reversed, Detroit hosting an NFC team in even years and an AFC team in odd years, Dallas hosting an AFC team in even years and an NFC team in odd years. Detroit is always the early broadcast and Dallas the mid-afternoon broadcast. Following the introduction of Thursday Night Football in 2006, a third Thanksgiving game was added, a primetime game hosted by one of the remaining 30 NFL teams each year. While the first game featured two AFC teams, conference affiliation has varied since. Starting in 2012, the prime time Thanksgiving game has aired on NBC. In the future, the NFL may use flexible scheduling to allow the Lions or Cowboys to host a prime-time game, provided an Eastern time zone team is given the early (12:30 p.m.) slot. Starting in 2014, changes to the NFL television contract allow either traditional Thanksgiving game to prime time (and NBC) and schedule an AFC game in either window to accommodate CBS, while Fox would get the other traditional game with Dallas or Detroit; to date, this has never happened. Cross-flexing also liberated CBS and Fox from their usual conference affiliation on Thursdays; thus Dallas and Detroit both hosted NFC opponents in 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2018 (in 2014, 2015, and 2018, the prime time game also featured two NFC franchises, so the AFC was completely shut out of the holiday those years). Fox has yet to broadcast an AFC team on Thanksgiving. Christmas and Christmas Eve games In recent years, the NFL has generally scheduled games on Christmas only if it falls on a day normally used for games (Saturday, Sunday, Monday). If Christmas falls on a Sunday, most of the games are to be played on the preceding day, Saturday, December 24, with two games scheduled for Christmas Night to be broadcast nationally (which most recently happened in ). The first NFL games played on December 25 came during the 1971 season. The first two games of the Divisional Playoff Round that year were held on Christmas Day. The first game that day was between Dallas Cowboys and the Minnesota Vikings. The second of the two contests played that day, the Miami Dolphins versus the Kansas City Chiefs, ended up being the longest game in NFL history. The league received numerous complaints due to the length of this game, reportedly because it caused havoc with Christmas dinners around the nation. As a result, the NFL decided to not schedule any Christmas Day matches for the next 17 seasons. In 1976 and 1977, the last two years before the advent of the 16-game schedule and expanded playoffs, the NFL came up with different approaches to avoid Christmas play. In 1976, when Christmas fell on a Saturday, the league moved the start of the regular season up one week to Sunday, September 12. The divisional playoffs were held on the weekend of December 18 and 19, leaving the conference championship games on Sunday, December 26. Super Bowl XI was played on January 9, 1977, the earliest it has ever been held. In 1977, with Christmas on Sunday, the NFL split the divisional playoffs, and for the only time since the AFL–NFL merger, each conference held both divisional playoff games the same day (AFC Saturday, December 24 and NFC Monday, December 26), ostensibly not to give one team a two-day rest advantage over the other for the conference championship games. Since two of the venues were in the Western United States, it was not possible to have regional coverage in both time slots on either day. The NFL continued to avoid Christmas even after it started to increase the regular season and the playoffs. The league expanded to a 16-game regular season and a 10-team playoff tournament in 1978, but it was not until 1982 that the regular season ended after Christmas, due to the players' strike. In 1989, the NFL tried another Christmas Day game, with the Cincinnati Bengals hosted by the Minnesota Vikings, but it was a 9:00 p.m. ET Monday Night Football contest, thereby not conflicting with family dinners. In the years since, the NFL has played an occasional late-afternoon or night game on the holiday but there has not been a Christmas Day game starting earlier than 4:30 p.m. ET since 1971. There have also been several games played on Christmas Eve over the years, including an Oakland Raiders–Baltimore Colts playoff contest in 1977 which culminated in a play known as "Ghost to the Post". These games have typically been played during the afternoon out of deference to the holiday. The broadcasting contract to begin in 2022 will allow Fox to air games on Christmas Day if the schedule allows for it. However, the 2022 season is the only season when Christmas falls on a Sunday during the entirety of the media rights deal, so all three Sunday networks will have a single game each. New Year's games The NFL has so far only staged games on New Year's Day when it falls on a Sunday. Historically when this occurs, the numerous college football bowl games that traditionally play on New Year's Day then move to Monday, January 2. In the 20th Century, New Year's Day fell during the postseason. The AFL played its first league championship game on January 1, 1961. Thereafter, games were played on New Year's Day in 1967 (the 1966 NFL and AFL Championship Games), in 1978 (the 1977 NFC and AFC Championship Games), in 1984 (the 1983 NFC and AFC Divisional Playoff Games), in 1989 (the 1988 NFC and AFC Divisional Playoff Games), and in 1995 (the second half of the 1994 NFC and AFC Wild Card Games). The league's schedule during the 2000's and 2010's resulted in New Year's Weekend consistently falling during the last week of the NFL's regular season. The league's policy during that time was to play all of the games of the last week on one day to ensure an equal amount of rest heading into the playoffs. In 2006, 2012, and 2017 (the final weekend of the 2005, 2011, and 2016 regular seasons), all 32 teams played on Sunday, January 1. In those years when January 1 fell on a Monday, all 32 teams played on New Year's Eve. After the league expanded to a 17-game schedule in , New Year's Weekend has consistently fallen during the second-to-last week of the NFL's regular season. In 2023, during the 2022 regular season, the regular slate of Sunday games was scheduled on New Year's Day and a Monday Night Football game on January 2. For the following 2023 regular season, the regular slate of Sunday games was still scheduled for New Year's Eve, but the Monday Night Football game was moved to Saturday, December 30 to defer to the New Year's Day college football bowl games. Other holidays The NFL scheduled Monday Night Football games on Labor Day in the past, but has not done so since 2000, as it was determined that games during the Labor Day weekend were the lowest-rated of the season. Currently, Labor Day weekend serves as a league-wide bye week between the final preseason game and the start of the regular season. A Monday Night Football game is always scheduled on Columbus Day, a federal holiday not universally celebrated by all states. The NFL only plays on Halloween or Veterans Day if the holiday falls on a day in which football is normally played (Thursday, Sunday, or Monday). Since 2022, the NFL has one Monday Night Football game during the Wild Card round of the playoffs that would sometimes fall on Martin Luther King Jr. Day. Blackout policies Since 1973, the NFL has maintained a blackout policy that states that a home game cannot be televised locally if it is not sold out 72 hours prior to its start time. Before that, NFL games were blacked out in the home team's market even if the game was a sellout. The NFL is the only major professional sports league in North America that requires teams to sell out in order to broadcast a game on television locally, after INDYCAR lifted the blackout of the Indianapolis 500 in the local market for the 2016 edition. Before 1973, the lone exception to the blackout rule occurred in 1970 when the Giants and Jets played at Shea Stadium. The NFL allowed the game to be broadcast by WCBS so Giants fans would not be denied an opportunity to see an away game on their local station (that same season, Raiders owner Al Davis enforced the blackout of his team's regular season finale vs. the 49ers, even though the NFL granted CBS affiliate KPIX permission to telecast the game in the Bay Area). Furthermore, the NFL is the only network that imposes an anti-siphoning rule in all teams' local markets; The NFL sells syndication rights of each team's Thursday and Monday night games to a local over-the-air station in each local market. The respective cable station must be blacked out when that team is playing the said game. In the other leagues, nationally televised games are often blacked out on the national networks they are airing on in their local markets, but they can still be seen on their local regional sports network that normally has their local broadcasting rights. Until September 2014, the NFL blackout rules were sanctioned by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), which enforced rules requiring cable and satellite providers to not distribute any sports telecast that had been blacked out by a broadcast television station within their market of service. On September 9, 2014, USA Today published an editorial from FCC chairman Tom Wheeler, who stated that "sports blackout rules are obsolete and have to go", and that he was submitting a proposal to "get rid of the FCC's blackout rules once and for all", to be voted on by the agency's members on September 30 of that year. On September 30, 2014, the Commission voted unanimously to repeal the FCC's blackout rules. However, the removal of these rules are, to an extent, purely symbolic; the NFL can still enforce its blackout policies on a contractual basis with television networks, stations, and service providers, a process made feasible by the large amount of leverage the league exerts upon its media partners. Ultimately, no games would be blacked out at all during the season. On March 23, 2015, the NFL's owners voted to suspend the blackout rules for , meaning that all games will be televised in their home markets, regardless of ticket sales. The blackout rule has been suspended for every subsequent season through 2022. However, the NFL's syndication exclusivity rule was still in effect through the 2019-20 season. Commercial breaks During each half of a network-televised game, there are nine prescribed commercial breaks following the official kickoff. Two are firmly scheduled, and seven others are worked in during breaks in the play. Pre-scheduled commercial breaks: The end of the first (or third) quarter The two-minute warning of the second (or fourth) quarter Other instances used for commercial breaks (seven total required per half): A timeout called by either team Instant replay stoppage Game stoppage after a score Game stoppage after a kickoff or punt (excluding the opening kickoff of each half) Game stoppage after a turnover Injury timeout Two commercial breaks during the typical 12-minute halftime period are considered separate. Networks are more apt to front-load their commercials in the first and third quarters, to prevent an overrun in the second and fourth quarters respectively. However, in the event that at least one early-window game is running long (after 4:25 p.m. ET) on the doubleheader network, the network will normally hold its commercials for the late window until all audiences have joined the late games, to ensure maximum coverage for its advertisers. In the rare event that the first quarter of a late game ends before all early games on that network have ended, the network may either take a break consisting entirely of network promos / PSAs, or not take a break at all during the between-quarters timeout, and those commercials are rescheduled for later in the game. If a team calls a timeout and the network decides to use it for a commercial break, a representative from the broadcast crew stationed on the sidelines wearing orange sleeves makes a crossing motion with his hands to alert the officials. The referee declares it a "two-minute timeout." Once a broadcast has fulfilled the seven "random" breaks, game stoppages are no longer needed for commercials. The orange sleeve will hold his hands down in a twirl motion to alert the officials. If a team calls a timeout, the referee will declare it a "30-second timeout." Since the nine total commercial breaks for the second half are to be finished prior to the end of regulation, commercial breaks are rarely needed in overtime situations, apart from a break immediately after the end of regulation and a break at the two-minute warning, should the overtime period reach that point. Commercials for these purposes are sometimes pre-sold on an if-needed basis (such as the specialized AIG "overtime" ads often seen during the early 2000s). In many cases, overtime periods are conducted without any commercials. By definition, a game that has entered overtime is tied, and so the game is still undecided, thus increasing the appeal of the given game. This also allows the extended broadcast to finish in a timely manner. In cases of long overtime periods, networks have been known to have a commercial break during a lengthy injury time out and in the regular season the two-minute warning of the overtime period. During postseason play, the very rare instances of a second overtime will feature a commercial between periods. Overtimes in the postseason are treated as if a new game has started, meaning most of the regular season commercial break rules are followed. Beginning in the 2017 season, the ten breaks were reduced to nine per half. Networks are now required to have four breaks per quarter, along with the break after the first (or third) quarter, with each break extended by 30 seconds from 1:50 to 2:20. Also, commercial breaks are no longer permitted after kickoffs (except in the case of an extended stoppage in play after the kickoff, such as an injury), abolishing the quirk where a break occurs twice—once after a score, and then a second break on an ensuing kickoff. The break will only occur after the score. Broadcasting history & impact The NFL, along with boxing and professional wrestling (before the latter publicly became known as a staged sport), was a pioneer of sports broadcasting during a time when baseball and college football were more popular than professional football. Due to the NFL understanding television at an earlier time, it was able to surpass Major League Baseball in the 1960s as the most popular sport in the United States. Modern popularity NBC Sunday Night Football became the only second regular live prime time television program in U.S. history to emerge as the most watched overall U.S. television series, after ending Fox's American Idol's record of eight consecutive seasons on hold of the rank in the 2011–12 season. The series holds this rank every season since, except in 2013, 2014 and 2018 when CBS shows NCIS and The Big Bang Theory, and ABC show Roseanne, respectively earned the title. As of , Super Bowl XLIX on NBC in 2015 remains the most watched telecast by average in U.S. history, attracting 115 million viewers for both halves of the game. Meanwhile, Super Bowl LI on Fox in 2017 remains the most watched telecast on peak conclusion in U.S. history, drawing 172 million viewers (more than half of the U.S. population of 340 million that same year) in the league's first overtime period ever for a Super Bowl. In November 2017, ratings for the first seven weeks declined by 5% compared to the same period in 2016; and decreased by 15% when compared to the same period in 2015, a strong season. Although ratings for the NFL have declined steadily after the Super Bowl in 2015, the latter remains the only program on U.S. television to have attracted at least 100 million viewers on a single night annually since the 1983 series finale of MAS*H on CBS. The NFL telecasts are known for their relative stability in their TV ratings in the United States since the beginning of the 21st century. Since 2010, except 2019 and 2021, the annual Super Bowl telecasts (including the halftime shows) have regularly attracted more than 100 million viewers in the United States alone, making it the only broadcast in U.S. television history to exceed the said annual viewership threshold for at least 10 years overall. Coverage style changes over time The style of pro football broadcasting has seen several changes since the 1990s, including female hosts and sideline reporters, visual first-down markers, advanced graphics, new multi-camera angles, and high definition telecasts. The most recent contract extensions have, for the first time, allowed the networks to broadcast games on the Internet. List of NFL television contracts List of NFL network broadcasters past & present Current English-language broadcasters: NBC 1939, 1955–1963: (NFL) 1965–1969: (AFL) 1970–1997: (AFC – Sundays, Thanksgiving, two Saturdays) 1970–1983: All AFC playoff games, Super Bowl every two years 1984–1989: All AFC playoff games, Super Bowl every three years 1990–1997: Most AFC playoff games, Super Bowl every three years 2006–2033: NBC Sunday Night Football, Kickoff game, (2006-2022 Super Bowl every three years, 2023-2033 Super Bowl every four years) 2006–2013: Two wild-card playoff games 2012–2033: Thanksgiving primetime game 2014–2019: One wild-card playoff game, one divisional playoff game 2016–2017: Several Thursdays, rare Saturdays [simulcast on NFL Network] 2020–2022: Two wild-card playoff games, one divisional playoff game CBS 1956–1969: (NFL – Sundays & several Mondays) 1970–1993: (NFC – Sundays, Thanksgiving, two Saturdays) 1970–1983: All NFC playoff games, Super Bowl every two years 1984–1989: All NFC playoff games, Super Bowl every three years 1990–1993: Most NFC playoff games, Super Bowl every three years 1998–2005: (AFC – Sundays, Thanksgiving, two Saturdays, most AFC playoff games, Super Bowl every three years) 2006–2013: (AFC – Sundays, Thanksgiving, most AFC playoff games, Super Bowl every three years) 2014–2033: (NFL – Sundays, Thanksgiving, most AFC playoff games,) (2006-2022 Super Bowl every three years, 2023-2033 Super Bowl every four years) 2014–2017: Several Thursdays, rare Saturdays [either conference, simulcast on NFL Network] Fox 1994–2005: (NFC – Sundays, Thanksgiving, two Saturdays, most NFC playoff games, Super Bowl every three years) 2006–2013: (NFC – Sundays, Thanksgiving, most NFC playoff games, Super Bowl every three years) 2014–2033: (NFL – Sundays, Thanksgiving, most NFC playoff games,) (2006-2022 Super Bowl every three years, 2023-2033 Super Bowl every four years) 2018–2021: Several Thursdays, rare Saturdays [either conference, simulcast on NFL Network 2018-2022] ABC 1948, 1950, 1953–1955: (NFL) 1960–1964: (AFL) 1970–2005; 2022-2033: Monday Night Football 1984–1989: Super Bowl every three years 1990–2005: Two wild-card playoff games, Super Bowl every three years 2003–2005: Kickoff game 2015–2033: One wild-card playoff game 2023–2033: One divisional playoff game 2018–2033: Pro Bowl 2023–2033: Super Bowl every four years ESPN 1987–1997: ESPN Sunday Night NFL (second half of season) 1998–2005: ESPN Sunday Night Football (entire season), one Thursday, one Saturday 2002 only: Kickoff game 2006–2033: Monday Night Football (select games simulcast on ABC from 2020–present) 2021–2023: Manningcast supplemental telecast 2014: One wild-card playoff game 2016-2017: Pro Bowl 2018–2033: Simulcasts and/or Megacast supplemental coverage of any game carried by ABC NFL Network 2006–2021: Thursday Night Football, at least one Saturday game (except 2011–2013) 2006–2011 Thanksgiving primetime game 2023–2033: NFL Network Exclusive Game Series (Late-season games) Current Spanish-language broadcasters: Universo/Telemundo Deportes 2014–2033: NBC simulcasts, including all playoff games Fox Deportes 2014–2033: Fox Simulcasts, including all playoff games Select Fox simulcasts, including all playoff games and Thursday games broadcast on Fox ESPN Deportes (select simulcasts on ESPN2 from 2017 onward) 2006–2021: ESPN/ABC simulcasts, including ESPN's wild card game, plus Super Bowls in CBS-covered years Current mobility partners: Verizon Wireless 2014–2017: Exclusive carrier to view NFL telecasts on mobile devices with the rights costing $250 million per year. 2018–2022: Expanded agreement to include streaming in-market NFL telecasts on any mobile carrier through one of its websites such as Yahoo with the rights costing Verizon $500 million per year. YouTube TV/YouTube Primetime Channels 2023-2029: NFL Sunday Ticket Amazon Prime Video/Twitch 2017 only: 10 Thursday Night games, 1 Christmas game on Prime Video alone 2018 and 2019: 11 Thursday Night games on Prime Video and Twitch 2020-2021: 11 Thursday Night games, 1 Saturday Football game on Prime Video and Twitch 2022–2033: All Thursday Night games (excluding NFL Kickoff and Thanksgiving Night Games) 2023–2033: Black Friday game Peacock 2023: One regular season and one wild-card playoff game Former broadcasters: DuMont Television Network 1951–1955: Saturday Night Football TNT 1990–1997: several Sunday night games (first half of season) One-time and special broadcasts: NFL RedZone 2009-present: Premium service of live whip around coverage of Sunday afternoon games. Nickelodeon 2021-2033: Select multicast of games on CBS, featuring kid-friendly modifications to the in-game presentation Leverage over the networks League criticism The NFL's status as a prime offering by the networks has led some to conclude that unbiased coverage of the league is not possible, although this may be true of most sports. However, with the current concentration of media ownership in the U.S., the league essentially has broadcast contracts with four media companies (Paramount Global, NBCUniversal, Fox Corporation, and ESPN's parent company The Walt Disney Company) that own a combined vast majority of the American broadcast and cable networks. ESPN attempted to run a dramatic series showing steamier aspects of pro football, Playmakers, but canceled the series after the league reportedly threatened to exclude the network from the next set of TV contracts. The network also withdrew its partnership with the PBS series Frontline on the 2013 documentary League of Denial, which chronicles the history of head injuries in the NFL, shortly after a meeting between ESPN executives and league commissioner Roger Goodell took place in New York City, though ESPN denies pressure from the NFL led to its backing out of the project, claiming a lack of editorial control instead. Then in July 2015, The Hollywood Reporter reported that sources within ESPN believed that the NFL gave them a "terrible" 2015 Monday Night Football schedule as "payback" for remarks made on air by both ESPN commentators Keith Olbermann and Bill Simmons that were critical of the league and Goodell; ESPN parted ways with both Olbermann and Simmons during that same year. In a 2019 interview with ESPN, longtime NBC Sports anchor Bob Costas revealed that he had been relieved of duties as host of Super Bowl LII the previous year after he made comments at a University of Maryland symposium that the sport of football "destroys people's brains." A few years earlier, Costas had been told by NBC brass he could not present an essay on Football Night in America about the 2015 film Concussion because the network was in the process of bidding for the rights to Thursday Night Football. Counterprogramming Counterprogramming, where other networks attempt to offer a program which is intended to compete with the NFL audience for a regular season game, playoff game or the Super Bowl (as Fox did in 1992 with a special segment of the sketch comedy series In Living Color during Super Bowl XXVI), has also been heavily discouraged with the consolidation of rights among the major networks; ESPN generally airs low-profile niche sports, non-conference men's and women's college basketball (often featuring teams in non-NFL markets or non-football schools, as high-profile non-conference games usually occur in November and December during the Thanksgiving and Christmas breaks), and minor league sports on Sunday afternoons, along with basic audio-only 'carousel' reports of current NFL scores by reporters from NFL stadiums on their other networks resembling those on ESPN Radio or Fox Sports Radio. From 2013 to 2022, ESPN has done some limited counterprogramming using Canadian Football League coverage from sister network and licensing partner TSN; in most cases, ESPN carries games in times when the NFL is not airing (except in cases, such as the Grey Cup, when a conflict is unavoidable). ESPN has also counterprogrammed the NFL's Thursday Night Football games with college football games of its own; the network had been carrying college football on Thursdays years before the NFL decided to play regularly on that night. Programming on Fox and CBS when game coverage does not occur generally consists of brokered programming which feature extreme sports tours, Professional Bull Riders event coverage, and non-championship golf and Professional Bowlers Association broadcasts, along with related documentaries. Fox has utilised the position for a "football-futbol doubleheader" with a 2:00 p.m. or 5:00 p.m. Major League Soccer match, depending on market (the early game goes to markets with a late NFL game, and the late game goes to markets with an early NFL game; MLS, Fox, and the markets in question will work to ensure the late-season push for the playoff games will not clash with the NFL game in the same market; teams with shared ownership in close markets will not be allowed to have games on at the same time, such as the New England Patriots and New England Revolution with Robert Kraft, Atlanta Falcons and Atlanta United FC with Arthur Blank, Cleveland Browns and the Columbus Crew with Jimmy Haslam, and the Kansas City Chiefs and FC Dallas with Clark Hunt). Fox uses the time also for the PBA Clash bowling event starting in 2018, and in 2021 will feature the NHRA Camping World Drag Racing Series in a similar manner (early game markets will air the race on tape delay, late game markets will air the race live). In many cases, primary market stations will usually air a local postgame show from their station's sports department with analysis and interviews and push the brokered programming to late night or a secondary station, if they carry it at all (there are network mandates to carry the PBR and PBA, for example). NBC, which has the Sunday night package, will run Golf Channel on NBC coverage, including the Evian Championship (a women's major held in France), a PGA Tour event, or an international team tournament (depending on year, Ryder, Solheim, or President's Cup), motorsport (NTT IndyCar Series and NASCAR Cup Series late-season events; all serve as lead-in programming to Football Night in America), and Olympic sports which the demographic is focused towards women, such as ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating. Likewise, since 2010 ABC has run low-profile same-week repeats of their programming in solidarity with ESPN or women's sporting events; in 2011, it did air the INDYCAR season finale in Las Vegas, which was abandoned after reigning Indianapolis 500 champion Dan Wheldon, who resided in the Tampa Bay Buccaneers market, was killed on Lap 11 of 200. Generally, the only networks to counterprogram the Super Bowl currently are niche cable networks with no "sports fan" appeal such as Animal Planet with their Puppy Bowl and imitation programming, and various marathons by other cable networks. In years when it does not carry the game, Fox has often purposely burned off failed sitcoms and dramas to discourage viewers from tuning away from the game, with other networks generally running marathons of popular reality or drama programs (for NBC, The Apprentice has filled this role) merely to fill the evening rather than an actual attempt to counterprogram, and CBS notably runs themed 60 Minutes episodes consisting of past stories featuring figures that fit the episode's theme. In 2022, Super Bowl LVI overlapped with the Winter Olympic Games. As NBC is the Olympics rightsholder for the United States, it sought to avoid a conflict between both events by trading Super Bowl LV to CBS in order to air the 2022 game, allowing NBC to maximize revenue in the process as it had in 2018 when it aired Super Bowl LII days prior to the start of the Pyeongchang Olympics. Under a new contract with the NFL, NBC gained rights to Super Bowls in 2026, 2030, and 2034, which are also Winter Olympic years (NBC's current contract expires after the 2032 Summer Olympics in Australia). Until 2014 when the highlights program Gameday Live was launched, the NFL Network during 1:00 p.m. regular season games and the playoffs merely featured a still screen with the data of ongoing games on-screen under the title NFL GameCenter, while Sirius XM NFL Radio played in the background with 'carousel' score reports, with only highlights of game action from radio play-by-play heard occasionally. Super Bowl GameCenter retains this format during the Super Bowl, but with the Westwood One radio broadcast of the game instead. Broadcast delimiters Since 1998, at the start of the game, a teaser animation is displayed on all broadcasts. "Name of broadcaster welcomes you to the following presentation of the National Football League" (or similar phrasing) is announced, while at the end of the game, the message is "Name of broadcaster thanks you for watching this presentation of the National Football League" (or similar phrasing). This announcement is designed to separate game coverage from news, sports analysis, or entertainment programming not under the NFL contract and ownership. Since that same year, the NFL has owned the rights to game broadcasts once they air—a copyright disclaimer airs either before the start of the second half or after the first commercial break of the second half, depending on the broadcaster ("This broadcast is copyrighted by NFL Productions for the private use of our audience. Any other use of this broadcast, or any pictures, descriptions or accounts of the game without the consent of NFL Productions is prohibited.", or similar phrasing). The phrasing of this disclaimer has gone through several revisions, the latest iteration first being used for the 2019 season. Notably, the disclaimer now refers to the broadcast, not telecast, and assigns copyright to NFL Productions, as opposed to the NFL. As wholly owned by the league, NFL Network has the exclusive rights to re-air games and a select few are chosen each week. Restrictions on sponsorship Until 2019, the NFL had a strict policy prohibiting networks from running ads during official NFL programming (pre- and post-game studio shows and the games themselves) from the gambling industry and had rejected some ads from the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority. Commissioner Roger Goodell explained in 2007 that it was inappropriate for the sport to be associated with sports betting. These restrictions also applied to any hotels that contain casinos, even if the casino is not mentioned in the ad. Officially, wagers such as over/unders and point spreads cannot be acknowledged on-air. Despite this policy, Al Michaels has been known for subtly including gambling-related observations in his commentary, as did Jimmy Snyder during his time as an NFL analyst in the 1980s. Most teams inserted similar clauses into their radio contracts, which are locally negotiated. The NFL injury report and required videotaping of practice are intended to prevent gamblers from gaining inside information. In contrast, fantasy football is often free to play. Daily fantasy sports, which are structured to prevent being classified as gambling, air advertisements on the NFL's partner networks on game days, but originally not during time controlled by the league. On January 3, 2019, the NFL announced Caesars Entertainment Corporation as the "first ever official casino sponsor of the NFL," though was clear that the deal does not encompass sports betting. In 2021, the NFL reached deals with seven sportsbooks for them to become "Approved Sportsbook Operators", allowing them to air commercials during NFL games and other league-controlled programming. Ceasars Entertainment, DraftKings and FanDuel became official sponsors of the league, allowing them to use league and team-controlled trademarks on their websites, apps and in-person presences, while Fox Bet, BetMGM, PointsBet and WynnBet were approved to air advertising. The NFL also bans advertisements in several other product segments, including “dietary or nutritional supplements that contain ingredients other than vitamins and minerals, [..] or any prohibited substance”, energy drinks, birth control, condoms, and hard liquor. Starting with the 2017 season, the NFL, with restrictions, allows a limited amount of liquor advertising during broadcasts. The NFL imposes restrictions on sponsored segments during game coverage; this does not apply to national or local radio broadcasts. These are permitted only prior to kick off, during halftime, and following the game; however, these segments (and other programming with title sponsorships, particularly halftime and post-game shows or other sports properties) can be advertised a couple of times during game coverage, and "aerial footage" providers (i.e. sponsored blimps) may be acknowledged, usually once an hour as is standard in other sports. Other acknowledgements (including HDTV or Skycam-type camera sponsorships) are limited to pre-kickoff and post-game credits. This is done so that, while competitors of the NFL's official sponsors may advertise on game broadcasts, they will not potentially become synonymous with the league through in-game and/or title sponsorship. Restrictions on reporters Sideline reporters are restricted as to whom they can speak to and when (usually a head coach at halftime, and one or two players before and after the game ends). Information on injured players or rules interpretations are relayed from NFL off-field officials to the TV producers in the truck, who then pass it along to the sideline reporters or booth announcers. Thus, CBS opted in 2006 to no longer use sideline reporters except for some playoff games. ESPN followed suit by reducing the roles of their sideline reporters in 2008. Fox hired former NFL officiating director Mike Pereira in 2010 as a rules analyst, who relays rules interpretations from Los Angeles to the games that network covers, leaving their sideline reporters able to focus less on that role. Likewise, CBS hired retired referee Mike Carey in 2014 in the same role from New York on Sundays and the NFL Network in Culver City during Thursday Night Football games, though he departed the network after the 2015 season and was replaced by Gene Steratore in 2018. During the 2020 season, NFL sideline reporters instead were stationed in the lower portion of seating areas due to COVID-19 protocols, with news relayed to them by team officials or off-air staffers instead. NFL Films The NFL owns NFL Films, whose duties include providing game film to media outlets for highlights shows after a 2- to 3-day window during which outlets can use original game broadcast highlights. NFL+ The NFL operates NFL+, a streaming service that broadcasts live out-of-market preseason games, radio broadcasts from all 32 teams and Westwood One Sports, and live in-market games on mobile devices, in addition to library programming from NFL Films and NFL Network. A premium tier allows access to on-demand game replays. It was previously known as NFL Game Pass until adopting its current name prior to the 2022 NFL season. International broadcasters Outside the United States, NFL games are broadcast in the Americas across Canada, Mexico, Central America, and South America; as well as in Europe, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand, among others. Games can also be streamed through the NFL Game Pass International package, which is distributed by the DAZN platform. See also NFL Network NFL Sunday Ticket List of current National Football League broadcasters Major League Baseball on television Major League Soccer on television National Basketball Association on television National Hockey League on television Notes References Sources FOXBusiness.com – NFL Blackout Policy Angers Fans NFL Media Rights Deals For '07 Season NFL Record and Fact Book () Total Football: The Official Encyclopedia of the National Football League () America's Game: How Pro Football Captured A Nation by Michael MacCambridge () NFL to remain on broadcast TV NFL announces new prime-time TV packages CleverDonkey.com: The NFL Should Bench Its Blackout Rules NFL Network to televise regular-season games Process of game-time decisions will eliminate TV duds, create chaos by Michael Hiestand, USA Today, April 5, 2006 (Last accessed April 5, 2006) A Chronology of Pro Football on Television Gary Holmes at MediaPost looks at how the NFL continues to be a ratings draw over a 40 year span. 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Michael Pejic (born 25 January 1950) is a former England international footballer who played in the English Football League for Stoke City, Everton and Aston Villa. Pejic started his career with Stoke City under the management of Tony Waddington. He became an important player in Stoke's successful early 1970s side, helping the club win the League Cup in 1972. A left-back, he was renowned for being a tough player and was prone to being sent off, and on one occasion was suspended for five matches. He broke his leg in February 1975, and in his absence City's genuine First Division title challenge fell away. He was sold to Everton for a £135,000 fee in February 1977, where he played three seasons before joining Aston Villa in 1979. He retired due to injury in 1980. He later managed Leek Town, Northwich Victoria, Chester City, and Malaysian side Selangor FA, and also coached Port Vale from 1986 to 1992. In the late 2000s he coached at Plymouth Argyle and Ipswich Town. Club career Stoke City Pejic was born in Chesterton in Newcastle-under-Lyme on Wednesday, 25 January 1950, and supported Stoke City from an early age. His father, a Serbian immigrant miner from Yugoslavia, took him to watch the matches at the Victoria Ground. In his teenage years Pejic was playing for Newcastle-under-Lyme schools as a left-winger and signed professional forms with Stoke in 1967, where manager Tony Waddington took the decision to convert him into a left-back. After two years in the reserves he made his debut against West Ham United at Upton Park, helping Stoke keep a clean sheet against World Cup winner Geoff Hurst. He took over from the disappointing Alex Elder and established himself in the first team. Pejic was a strong athlete with a sweet left foot and was compactly built at 5 ft 7in. Pejic was a 'hard player' and was a strong tackler who enjoyed letting his opposing winger know he was around with a scything tackle. He was a fitness fanatic who, unlike many of his Stoke teammates had another job outside of football, as he kept a farm near Leek. He became a regular in the Stoke squad in 1969–70 and the early seasons in the 1970s. Stoke enjoyed a successful period, reaching the semi-final of the FA Cup twice and winning their first major trophy – the League Cup – in 1972. He played the whole ninety minutes of the final, as the "Potters" beat Chelsea 2–1 at Wembley thanks to goals from Terry Conroy and George Eastham. During two seasons, 1970–71 and 1971–72, Pejic played in over 100 senior matches. He earned a call up to the England national side in 1974, playing in four matches, but lost his place to Liverpool's Alec Lindsay. During his time at Stoke Pejic was prone to being sent off and was once suspended for five matches by the FA. He broke his leg in February 1975, and injuries to three other key players caused Stoke's bid for the First Division title in 1974–75 to fall away to a fifth-place finish. In January 1976, the Butler Street stand roof at the Victoria Ground collapsed after a powerful storm gripped the area. To cover the costs the club had to sell their most valuable players and Pejic joined Everton for £135,000. Everton Under the stewardship of Gordon Lee, the "Toffees" finished in ninth place in 1976–77. They also reached the League Cup Final, but lost to Aston Villa at Old Trafford without Pejic in the team. He did though play 46 games in the 1977–78 season, as Everton finished third in the league. At Goodison Park, Pejic again suffered a broken leg this time against Leeds United in December 1978, and was limited to 26 appearances in the 1978–79 season. Aston Villa He was replaced by John Bailey at Everton and he joined Ron Saunders's Aston Villa in September 1979. But injuries again took their toll and he was limited to 12 appearances in the 1979–80 season before he decided to retire at Villa Park in May 1980 after being sidelined with a pelvic injury. The months of injuries and early retirement left him suffering from depression. International career Pejic won eight caps for the England under-23 team. Alf Ramsey handed him his full England debut in a friendly against Portugal in Lisbon on 3 April 1974; the game finished 0–0. After appearances against Wales and Northern Ireland, he won his fourth and final cap on 18 May 1974, in a 2–0 defeat to Scotland at Hampden Park that left England to share the 1973–74 British Home Championship. Ramsey's successor, Joe Mercer, dropped him in favour of Alec Lindsay. Coaching career Leek Town manager Pejic took charge at North West Counties League side Leek Town, and led the "Blues" to a ninth-place finish in 1984–85. His stay at Harrison Park was brief, as he resigned to take over as manager of Northwich Victoria. He took the "Vics" to a 16th-place finish in the Alliance Premier League in 1985–86. He also ran a fruit and veg business. Port Vale coach He was appointed youth team coach at Port Vale in July 1986, being promoted to first team coach in December 1987. He helped manager John Rudge to lead the club to promotion in 1988–89. However, he was sacked in March 1992, twelve months later an employment tribunal ruled that he had been unfairly dismissed and Vale were forced to pay a four-figure compensation sum. Chester City manager Pejic was named Chester City manager in June 1994 after the shock resignation of Graham Barrow. He inherited a very bare side after the loss of several key players, and an immediate relegation back to the Third Division was inevitable after the side began the 1994–95 season without a point from their first seven games. Pejic was sacked in January 1995 after a 4–0 thrashing by York City at the Deva Stadium. He returned to Leek Town as caretaker manager in 1998, before the appointment of Ernie Moss. Later career He went on to be the regional director for the North East FA and has coached such stars as Jermain Defoe, Aaron Lennon and Stewart Downing. He then taught FA coaching courses at NWHC in Nuneaton. In 1999, he managed Malaysian side Selangor FA. He also coached in Zimbabwe and Kuwait. In February 2007, he became Head of Youth Coaching at Championship side Plymouth Argyle. In June 2010 he left Argyle to take up a similar position at Ipswich Town. On 14 November 2010, Pejic was suspended from his coaching role at Ipswich Town after allegations of bullying. Taekwondo career He took up the martial art of taekwondo at the age of 62 and earned a place in the national team for the over 60 age group. In April 2019, he became the over 65's Taekwondo European champion after winning the gold medal in Antalya, Turkey. Personal life Pejic married in December 1970 and again in April 1991. He married his third wife, Marilyn – younger sister of singer Jackie Trent, in August 2017. His younger brother, Mel, played for Stoke City, Hereford United and Wrexham. Shaun Pejic, the son of Mel and nephew of Mike, was in the Wales under-21 team. Pejic worked as a co-commentator on Stoke City matches for local radio station for Signal 1. He also writes a column about Stoke in the Saturday edition of The Sentinel. Career statistics Club Source: International Source: Honours Stoke City League Cup: 1972 Watney Cup: 1974 England British Home Championship: 1973–74 (shared) References 1950 births Living people English people of Serbian descent People from Chesterton, Staffordshire Footballers from Staffordshire English men's footballers England men's under-23 international footballers England men's international footballers Men's association football defenders Stoke City F.C. players Everton F.C. players Aston Villa F.C. players English Football League players English football managers Leek Town F.C. managers Northwich Victoria F.C. managers Chester City F.C. managers National League (English football) managers Expatriate football managers in Malaysia Association football coaches Port Vale F.C. non-playing staff Plymouth Argyle F.C. non-playing staff Ipswich Town F.C. non-playing staff English male taekwondo practitioners English columnists
Chris Frey Jr. (born June 23, 1995) is a professional American football linebacker. He has been a member of the Carolina Panthers, Hamilton Tiger-Cats, and New Orleans Breakers. College career Frey played college football for the Michigan State Spartans from 2014 to 2017. He played in 52 games where he had 193 tackles, 13.5 tackles for a loss, seven sacks, and five fumble recoveries. College statistics Professional career Carolina Panthers Frey signed with the Carolina Panthers as an undrafted free agent on April 29, 2018. However, he was released with the final cuts following training camp on September 1, 2018. Hamilton Tiger-Cats Frey signed with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats on January 24, 2019. He made the team's active roster following training camp and played in his first career professional game on June 13, 2019, against the Saskatchewan Roughriders. He played in five regular season games where he had three defensive tackles, two special teams tackles, and one sack. Frey did not play in 2020 due to the cancellation of the 2020 CFL season and signed a contract extension with the Tiger-Cats on January 5, 2021. He played in four regular season games in 2021 where he had two defensive tackles and three special teams tackles. Frey played in two Grey Cup with the Tiger-Cats in 2019, and in 2021. He became a free agent upon the expiry of his contract on February 8, 2022. New Orleans Breakers Frey signed with the New Orleans Breakers of the United States Football League on May 10, 2022. He was released on June 8. References External links Hamilton Tiger-Cats bio 1995 births Living people American football linebackers American players of Canadian football Canadian football linebackers Hamilton Tiger-Cats players Michigan State Spartans football players New Orleans Breakers (2022) players People from Upper Arlington, Ohio Sportspeople from Franklin County, Ohio Players of American football from Ohio
Jack Scott (born Giovanni Domenico Scafone, Jr.; January 24, 1936 – December 12, 2019) was a Canadian-American singer and songwriter. He was inducted into the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2011 and was called "undeniably the greatest Canadian rock and roll singer of all time." Career Scott spent his early childhood in Windsor, Ontario, across the river from Detroit, Michigan. When he was 10, his family moved to Hazel Park, a Detroit suburb. He grew up listening to hillbilly music and was taught to play the guitar by his mother, Laura. As a teenager, he pursued a singing career and recorded as "Jack Scott". At the age of 18, he formed the Southern Drifters. After leading the band for three years, he signed to ABC-Paramount Records as a solo artist in 1957. After recording two good-selling local hits for ABC-Paramount in 1957, he switched to the Carlton record label and had a double-sided national hit in 1958 with "Leroy" (#11) / "My True Love" (#3). The record sold over one million copies, earning Scott his first gold disc. Later in 1958, "With Your Love" (#28) reached the Top 40. In all, six of 12 songs on his first album became hit singles. On most of these tracks, he was backed up by the vocal group the Chantones. He served in the United States Army during most of 1959, just after "Goodbye Baby" (#8) made the Top Ten. 1959 also saw him chart with "The Way I Walk" (#35). Most of his Carlton master tapes were believed lost or destroyed until Rollercoaster Records in England released a vinyl EP, "Jack Scott Rocks", and CD, The Way I Walk, which were for the most part mastered from original tapes rather than the disc dubs used for previous reissues. At the beginning of 1960, Scott again changed record labels, this time to Top Rank Records. He then recorded four Billboard Hot 100 hits – "What in the World's Come Over You" (#5), "Burning Bridges" (#3) b/w "Oh Little One" (#34), and "It Only Happened Yesterday" (#38). "What in the World's Come Over You" was Scott's second gold disc winner. Scott continued to record and perform during the 1960s and 1970s. His song "You're Just Gettin' Better" reached the country charts in 1974. In May 1977, he recorded a Peel session for BBC Radio 1 disc jockey John Peel. Scott had more US singles (19), in a shorter period of time (41 months), than any other recording artist except for The Beatles, Elvis Presley, Fats Domino and Connie Francis. He wrote all of his own hits, except one: "Burning Bridges". It has been said that "with the exception of Roy Orbison and Elvis Presley, no white rock and roller of the time ever developed a finer voice with a better range than Jack Scott, or cut a more convincing body of work in rockabilly, rock and roll, country-soul, gospel or blues". Scott recorded his penultimate album, a live album with British band The Class of '58 whilst headlining at the Rockhouse Festival in the Netherlands in 1994; a recording which had to be postponed from its originally scheduled 1993 date due to the pregnancy of Double Bass player, Chris Coleman. The album was released in 1995 on the Rockhouse label. In 2007, Jack Scott was voted into the Michigan Rock and Roll Legends Hall of Fame. In 2011, he was inducted into the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame. Later Scott was nominated for the Hit Parade Hall of Fame. He continued singing and touring and lived in a suburb of Detroit. Scott's final album, the studio album "Way to Survive" was released in 2015, with Scott returning to his Rock & Roll roots whilst taking influences from two of his favorite music genres, country and blues. Scott died of congestive heart failure on December 12, 2019, at the age of 83. His niece, singer and actress Rio Scafone, announced his death on her Facebook page, stating that he had suffered a massive heart attack on December 8 and there was nothing they could do for him. Scott died four days later, in the afternoon. Discography Albums Singles See also List of Canadian musicians Music of Detroit References External links Bluelight Records Rockabillyhall.com History-of-rock.com Jack Scott music article 1936 births 2019 deaths Canadian male singers Canadian pop singers Canadian rockabilly musicians Canadian people of Italian descent American country rock singers American male singer-songwriters American male pop singers American people of Italian descent Musicians from Windsor, Ontario Jubilee Records artists People from Hazel Park, Michigan Canadian male singer-songwriters Canadian singer-songwriters Singer-songwriters from Michigan
Roger Karoutchi (; born 26 August 1951) is a French teacher and politician who has been serving as the first Vice President of the French Senate since 2020. He previously served as the French Ambassador to the OECD and as Secretary of State to the French Prime Minister, with responsibility for Relations with Parliament. Early life Karoutchi was born in Casablanca into a Moroccan Jewish family. His ancestors were Livornese Jews (Grana) from Italy who had settled in Morocco in the 18th century. He received a master's degree from the Sciences Po Aix. Career Karoutchi became a history teacher, first in Goussainville, and then in Paris, teaching from 1975 to 1985. He continued his political activity, which he had started at the age of 16, during that period, being a national delegate of the Rassemblement pour la République (RPR) from 1981 to 1986. At that time, Karoutchi joined the office of Philippe Séguin, the Minister of Social Affairs and Employment, eventually becoming Séguin's chief of staff when he became president of the National Assembly. Karoutchi was a Member of the European Parliament from 1997 to 1999 and Senator from Hauts-de-Seine from 1999 to 2007. Karoutchi was very active in the 2007 presidential campaign of Nicolas Sarkozy, with whom he has a close personal relationship. From 2009 to 2011, Karoutchi served as the French Ambassador to the OECD. As part of a reorganization of the Union for a Popular Movement (later Republicans) leadership under their chairman Jean-François Copé in January 2013, Karoutchi became – alongside Henri de Raincourt, Jean-Claude Gaudin, Brice Hortefeux, Christian Estrosi and Gérard Longuet – one of the party’s six vice-presidents. Political career Karoutchi has held various governmental and electoral positions throughout his career. He served as the Secretary of State for Relations with Parliament from 2007 to 2009. Prior to this, he was a member of the European Parliament from 1997 to 1999, and then became a senator of Hauts-de-Seine until 2007 when he joined the government. Karoutchi has also served as a Vice-president of the Regional Council of Ile-de-France from 1994 to 1998, and as a Regional councillor of Ile-de-France since 1992, being reelected in 1998 and 2004. He has also held various municipal council positions, including deputy-mayor of Villeneuve-la-Garenne since 2008, municipal councillor of Villeneuve-la-Garenne since 2008, municipal councillor of Nanterre from 1989 to 1995, and municipal councillor of Boulogne-Billancourt from 1995 to 2001. Political positions In the 2012 leadership election of the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP), Karoutchi endorsed Jean-François Copé. In the Republicans' 2016 presidential primaries, Karoutchi endorsed Sarkozy as the party's candidate for the office of President of France. Ahead of the 2022 presidential elections, he publicly declared his support for Valérie Pécresse as the Republicans’ candidate. Following the 2023 Nigerien coup d'état, Karoutchi joined forces with fellow Senators Christian Cambon and Bruno Retailleau on an open letter to President Macron in Le Figaro, critizicing France's Africa policy and arguing that the failure of Operation Barkhane was in great part the reason why France and its economic, political and military presence have been rejected in Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and the Central African Republic; the letter was signed by 91 other Senators. Personal life In January 2009, Karoutchi publicly announced that he is gay, becoming the first French minister to come out while in office. References Biography Official website 1951 births Living people French people of Italian-Jewish descent Politicians from Casablanca 20th-century Moroccan Jews Moroccan emigrants to France Jewish French politicians Union of Democrats for the Republic politicians Rally for the Republic politicians Union for a Popular Movement politicians The Republicans (France) politicians Government ministers of France Gaullism, a way forward for France French senators of the Fifth Republic MEPs for France 1994–1999 MEPs for France 1999–2004 French gay men Gay Jews LGBT conservatism Gay politicians Moroccan gay men 21st-century French LGBT people 21st-century Moroccan LGBT people OECD officials Sciences Po Aix alumni LGBT MEPs for France Senators of Hauts-de-Seine
North Buckhead is a neighborhood in the Buckhead district, at the northern edge of the city of Atlanta, Georgia, and is one of Atlanta's most affluent neighborhoods. With a population of 8,270 (2010 census), it is also Atlanta's fourth most populous neighborhood, after Downtown, Midtown, and the Old Fourth Ward. Boundaries It is bounded by: the city of Sandy Springs on the north Peachtree-Dunwoody Road the Brookhaven neighborhood of the city of Atlanta on the east the neighborhoods of Buckhead Forest, Lenox, and Peachtree Park on the south Roswell Road and the East Chastain Park neighborhood on the west History The area contains Lakemoore (still standing on Emma Lane), the home of Wiley L. Moore (b. 1888), president of the Wofford Oil Company of Georgia. The area became part of the city of Atlanta in 1950 and suburban development took place subsequently. The Wieuca Inn stood where the Roswell-Wieuca shopping center now stands and was torn down in 1955. Government North Buckhead is part of NPU B. References External links North Buckhead Civic Association Neighborhoods in Atlanta
Sir Cory Francis Cory-Wright, 1st Baronet (11 August 1838 – 30 May 1909) was a British businessman. Biography The son of William Wright and Elizabeth Hooper, he married Mima Owen, the daughter of Sir Hugh Owen and Ann Wade, on 25 September 1867. Sir Cory Francis Cory-Wright, 1st Baronet Cory-Wright held the office of Deputy Lieutenant (DL) of Middlesex and was a Justice of the Peace (JP) for Middlesex and London. He was the Chairman of William Cory & Son and was a County Alderman (CA) for Middlesex and High Sheriff of Middlesex in 1902. He was created a Baronet Cory-Wright, of Caen Wood Towers, Highgate St. Pancras, co. London and Hornsey, co. Middlesex on 28 August 1903. Born Cory Wright, he assumed by Royal licence the additional surname of Cory in 1903. He died on 30 May 1909, aged 70, and was succeeded to the title by his son Arthur Cory-Wright. He is buried on the western side of Highgate Cemetery in a family mausoleum located to the south of the Egyptian Avenue. References External links Cory-Wright on thePeerage.com 1838 births 1909 deaths Burials at Highgate Cemetery Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom High Sheriffs of Middlesex Councillors in Greater London Deputy Lieutenants of Middlesex Members of Middlesex County Council 19th-century British businesspeople
The 1989 Boise State Broncos football team represented Boise State University in the 1989 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The Broncos competed in the Big Sky Conference and played their home games on campus at Bronco Stadium in Boise, Idaho. The Broncos were led by third–year head coach Skip Hall, Boise State finished the season 6–5 overall and 5–3 in conference. Schedule References Boise State Boise State Broncos football seasons Boise State Broncos football
Wergaia or Werrigia is an Australian Aboriginal language in the Wimmera region of north-Western Victoria. The Wergaia language consisted of four distinct dialects: Wudjubalug/Wotjobaluk, Djadjala/Djadjali, Buibadjali, Biwadjali. Wergaia was in turn apparently a dialect of the Wemba Wemba language, a member of the Kulinic branch of Pama–Nyungan. The Aboriginal people who speak Wergaia dialects include the Maligundidj or Wergaia people, which means the people belonging to the mali (mallee) eucalypt bushland which covers much of their territory, and the Wotjobaluk people. In mid-2021 a language revival project started up at the Wotjobaluk Knowledge Place, established in December 2020 at Dimboola. A Wergaia language program would run over 20 weeks. Sounds The following is the Djadjala dialect. Vowels given are /a e i u/. Some words dhallung (male or buck kangaroo) gal (dog) kulkun (a boy) laiaruk (a woman) lanangurk (a girl) mindyun (a kangaroo) muty (doer or female kangaroo)} winya nyua (Who is there?) wotjo (a man) Notes and references Notes References Wergaia Kulin languages
Jiquanda Johnson (born 1976) is an American journalist who founded Flint Beat in Flint, Michigan in 2017 and reported on, among other things, the Flint water crisis. The site has become important for national news organizations and community members, which use her reporting and Flint Beat to chronicle the long-term effects and historical conditions in Flint related to the crisis. Career Johnson is a Michigan native who reported on the Flint water crisis and many other issues for Detroit News, Flint Journal and NBC News. Johnson is currently the CEO of Brown Impact Media Group, an independent media company she founded in 2014, and sits on the board of directors as vice president for East Lansing Info, a local newsroom covering East Lansing, Michigan. Flint Beat Johnson's career as a journalist began in 2002 with The Detroit News, before moving to the Flint Journal and, later, Flint Beat. She talked about the founding and growth of Flint Beat on the PBS program "The Follow Up" in 2019, talking about the news gaps in Flint that drove her to launch the site, and how community was at the heart of creating Flint Beat. "They're not voiceless," she said in an interview with the Poynter Institute, "They just don't have a platform. Flint Beat is that platform." In interviews, Johnson has said it's challenging to report on her own community where she grew up and has recounted her own daughter's exposure to lead in Flint's water, as well as to gun violence, as challenges. Additional challenges that Johnson has faced with Flint Beat as a startup newsroom is a lack of funding; while she struggled with funding the newsroom in its first few years, the newsroom had "record breaking" fundraising years in 2020 and 2021, with additional support from programs like Report for America. In 2021, Flint Beat won the "News Media Publication of the Year" award from the Michigan Press Association. News Movement Following the creation of Flint Beat, Johnson developed an educational program, News Movement, to train students in reporting practices and journalism. The after-school and summer camp program, for youth in North Flint, is grant-funded by the Ruth Mott Foundation and housed at the Sylvester Broome Empowerment Village. Facebook censorship In 2018, Johnson came into national spotlight as a journalist whose posts about racism were removed by Facebook. She had posted images of the aftermath of her father's truck being vandalized with racial slurs and having its tires slashed, before her posts were removed from the site and she faced a temporary ban. The company reversed course and apologized following the harassment Johnson faced as well as the outcry online after she revealed the ban; Johnson maintains it was due to her being a journalist, "noting that people in her professional network knocked on Facebook's virtual door about this action." References Created via preloaddraft 1976 births Living people American women journalists Journalists from Michigan African-American journalists
Henry Butland (11 February 1872 – 2 December 1956) was a rugby union player who represented New Zealand in the national side (the All Blacks), playing in the halfback position. Born in Westport in 1872, he represented West Coast at a provincial level. He was a member of the All Blacks in 1893 and 1894, playing nine matches for the team, but no internationals. Following the death of Robert Oliphant in January 1956, Butland was the oldest living All Black. He died on 2 December 1956 and was buried at Hokitika Cemetery. References 1872 births 1956 deaths Burials at Hokitika Cemetery New Zealand international rugby union players New Zealand rugby union players Rugby union players from Westport, New Zealand Rugby union scrum-halves West Coast rugby union players
Wenrich may refer to: Wenrich of Trier (eleventh century), a German ecclesiastico-political writer Bart Wenrich, American television producer Percy Wenrich (1880–1952), an American composer of ragtime and popular music
Indibilis and Mandonius (fl. 3rd century BC) were chieftains of the Ilergetes, an ancient Iberian people based in the Iberian Peninsula. Polybius speaks of the brothers as the most influential and powerful of the Iberian chieftains in that period. Livy calls one of the chieftains of the Ilergetes "Indibilis". at the same time, Polybius gives "Andobales" for the same person. They agree that his brother chieftain was Mandonius. Biography Indibilis fought against the Romans and sided with the Carthaginians at the Battle of Cissa in 218 BC, when Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus fought them. Indibilis and Carthaginian general Hanno were defeated at this battle and became a prisoner. In 217 BC, Indibilis regained his freedom and, with his younger brother Mandonius, decided to harass neighbouring Iberian tribes who were friendly to, or in alliance with, Rome. This harassment was fended off by Scipio Calvus by counter measures that involved killing some of Indibilis' tribesmen, taking some prisoner, and disarming the others. When Hasdrubal Barca, who was in north-western Spain, heard of this, he returned to help out his Iberian allies south of the Ebro River. At this time, the tide of war took a turn because of unexpected intelligence received by Scipio Calvus from the Celtiberians. The Celtiberi were encouraged to collaborate with Scipio Calvus and invade New Carthage. On the way there, the combined armies took three fortified towns and fought two successful battles against Hasdrubal, Indibilis, and Mandonius. Scipio Calvus' combined armies killed 15,000 of the enemy and took 4,000 prisoners. As a result, Indibilis and Mandonius and their remaining tribesmen stayed out of the picture until 211 BC. At that time, they gathered 7,500 Suessetani and joined forces with Hasdrubal. Publius Cornelius Scipio, father to Scipio Africanus and younger brother of Scipio Calvus, decided to attack the Iberian chieftain brothers as they were moving across his line of retreat from his camp. Cornelius Scipio did not want to be trapped and surrounded by Carthaginians. He marched at midnight to meet them and skirmished with them at daybreak. Cornelius Scipio was speared with a lance and killed during the Battle of Castulo, part of the Battle of the Upper Baetis. Scipio Calvus was killed at the Battle of Ilorca, the other part of the battle of the Upper Baetis, a few days later. Even though the chieftains were generally pro-Carthaginian, for which they were rewarded by being given back their tribal territories after the death of the two Scipios in 211 BC, they soon changed their minds after the conduct of the Carthaginian general Hasdrubal Gisco. He demanded money from them for his own benefit. He also required that the wife of Mandonius and the daughters of Indibilis be held at New Carthage in pledge for their fathers' fidelity. The hostages were part of the booty when Scipio Africanus captured New Carthage in 209 BC. Africanus treated them with much dignity and returned them to their rightful places, which impressed the Iberians. The two brothers soon abandoned the Carthaginians and sided with the Romans. In 209 BC, they concluded a treaty of alliance with the Romans which involved most of the Iberian tribes. They then collaborated in a campaign against Hasdrubal Gisco which ended in a victory at the Battle of Baecula in 208 BC. Because of the presence of the Roman general Africanus, Indibilis and Mandonius maintained a friendly association with the Romans. However, when a rumour spread in 206 BC that Africanus was seriously ill and possibly dead, they started a rebellion aimed at getting the Romans to leave Iberia. This rumour also started a mutiny at the military camp at the Sucro River, which involved some 8,000 soldiers. Indibilis and Mandonius sided with the mutineers. Africanus recovered and returned to good health and ultimately defeated the mutiny with the thirty-five ringleaders beheaded. He then fought the armies of Indibilis and Mandonius and defeated them. Indibilis and Mandonius surrendered to Africanus asking for mercy. Indibilis and Mandonius were subsequently released by Scipio on favourable terms. The next year, Africanus left Spain in the hands of his generals L. Lentulus and L. Manlius and returned to Rome to prepare for an attack on Carthage. Since Africanus was the only Roman general of whom Indibilis and Mandonius were afraid, they roused the Iberian tribes and assembled an army of 30,000 foot soldiers and 4,000 cavalry and decided to rebel again. In a battle with the Romans, the Iberians were all but destroyed. Indibilis was killed during the battle and Mandonius escaped with the remnants of his forces. As part of the peace terms dictated by Rome, he was given up by his tribesmen to the Romans; what became of him is unknown. Notes Sources Primary Sources Appian, Roman History Cassius Dio, Roman History Livy, Ab urbe condita Polybius, Histories Secondary Sources Acciaiuoli, Donato, Plutarch's Lives of the noble Grecians and Romans, Translated by Sir Thomas North, D. Nutt, 1896 Ihne, Wilhelm, The history of Rome, Volume 2, Longmans, Green, and Co., 1871 Liddell, Sir Basil Henry Hart A Greater than Napoleon: Scipio Africanus, Biblo & Tannen Publishers, 1971, Raleigh, Sir Walter, The Works of Sir Walter Ralegh, Kt: The history of the world, 1829 Smith, William; Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, Volume 2; Boston, Mass; Little, Brown and Company (1870) Williams, Henry Smith, The Historians' History of the World, The Outlook company, 1904 External links Indibilis and Mandonius Iberians Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula
Merohister arboricavi is a species of clown beetle in the family Histeridae. It is found in North America. References Further reading Histeridae Articles created by Qbugbot Beetles described in 1991
The 1870 Westland North by-election was a by-election held on 2 July 1870 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the West Coast electorate of . Timothy Gallagher had resigned and Thomas Kynnersley was returned unopposed. Cause of by-election The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Timothy Gallagher on 13 May 1870 over urgent and private business affairs. Potential candidates The three provincial councillors from the area were immediately mooted as potential candidates plus a newly-appointed member of the provincial executive. The councillors were Eugene O'Conor of Westport (representing the Buller electorate), George Donne of Charleston (representing the Charleston electorate), and William Franklyn of the Grey (representing the Grey electorate). The executive member was Thomas Kynnersley, who had previously been goldfields warden on the West Coast and had just been appointed as warden to the Wangapeka. In the Provincial Council, there was conflict between Donne and O'Conor over the latter having received a requisition from the Charleston, the home town of Donne. Another potential candidate, Lowther Broad from Charleston, was mentioned by The Charleston Herald. Franklyn had only just, on 5 May, been elected to the provincial council. When, just days later, Kynnersley returned to New Zealand, Franklyn resigned to make room for Kynnersley's appointment to the provincial executive. When it was found that the resignation was not necessary, Franklyn withdrew it. Over unrelated conduct issues, other members forced the resignation to be accepted. Franklyn received negative publicity over the affair and received a hostile reception at the provincial by-election nomination meeting. Three days prior to the provincial by-election, Franklyn withdrew, stating that he was "heartily sick of politics". Consequently, nothing further was heard from or about him in relation to the parliamentary by-election. On 4 June, the Grey River Argus reported that Kynnersley had resolved to stand in Westland North. On 7 June, he advertised his candidacy in The Westport Times. Donne and O'Conor were still discussed as potential candidates at that point. On 18 June, it was reported that O'Conor had received a strong requisition but he did not come forward as a candidate. Writ and election arrangements The government at the time, led by William Fox, was opposed to the abolition of the provincial government system. There were strong calls from gold fields areas for abolition as it was felt that insufficient money was spent in the areas where much of the taxation was collected. It could therefore be expected that the person to be returned in Westland North would not be a government supporter. In this context, the editor of The Westport Times speculated that the government was deliberately delaying the issuing of a writ for the by-election so that by the time a new candidate had been chosen, the current session of the government would be over and the next general election would be called. The writ, dated 9 June, was advertised with a date of 22 June by the returning officer. The advertisement appeared in The Westport Times on 28 June. The nomination meeting was set for Saturday, 2 July, and the polling day for 9 July. Ten polling places were stipulated as such: Courthouse in Westport (the principal polling place) Isaac Chapman's Store, Giles Township Old Courthouse in Addison Courthouse in Charleston Courthouse in Brighton Courthouse in Cobden Police Camp in Ahaura Courthouse in Camptown Courthouse in Wangapeka Warden's Office, Matakitaki Election meetings Kynnersley, who had been in Nelson as the provincial council was in session, arrived in Greymouth on 20 June to start a speaking tour of the electorate. On 21 June, he spoke in Cobden at a poorly-attended meeting. On 27 June, Kynnersley left Greymouth on the Murray for Westport, where he arrived the following day after having encountered terrible weather and sea. On 29 June, he spoke to some 200 electors in Charleston. On 1 July, he spoke in Westport at a well-attended meeting. Nomination meeting The nomination meeting for the by-election was held at 12 noon on 2 July 1870 at the Westport Courthouse. Dr Joseph Giles (1832–1930) was the returning officer. As Kynnersley was the only person proposed for election, the Dr Giles declared him elected unopposed. Subsequent matters Kynnersley made his way to Wellington and took his seat at parliament on 12 July. The session was prorogued on 13 September 1870, which ended the 4th New Zealand Parliament. Prior to the 1871 general election, Kynnersley announced that he would not make himself available for re-election. Footnotes References Citations Westland North 1870 1870 elections in New Zealand Politics of the West Coast, New Zealand
Ilıkaynak is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Olur, Erzurum Province in Turkey. Its population is 86 (2022). References Neighbourhoods in Olur District
The National Rendezvous and Living History Foundation (NRLHF) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization which holds rendezvous across the United States for the period between 1640 and 1840 AD, or roughly during the heyday of the North American fur trade. Its unofficial motto, according to its website is, "Formed for the management of the rendezvous program by rendezvous people." Formation The NRLHF was formed by the National Muzzle Loading Rifle Association in December 1998 and incorporated in March 1999. Its Articles of Incorporation can be found here: NRLHF Articles of Incorporation. The reason behind the Foundation's formation was to put the management of the National Muzzle Loading Rifle Association's various regional rendezvous in the hands of those who attended the events. Political structure The overarching guidelines that the Foundation adheres to are outlined in their Constitution and By-Laws. The By-Laws can be found here: NRLHF By Laws. The NRLHF is a democratic organization at its core. Each of the regional rendezvous managed by the Foundation elects a number of delegates to represent them on the Council of Delegates. The Council of Delegates contains eleven elected delegates and two appointed representatives from the parent organization: the NMLRA. The NRLHF's Board of Directors is composed of eight individuals: four officers (President, Vice-President, Secretary, and Treasurer) and four directors. Each of the officers is a delegate elected from the Council of Delegates. Each of the directors was appointed by the parent organization, the NMLRA. The four officers are elected to their position by the Council of Delegates every year during the annual board meeting at the Eastern Primitive Rendezvous. The rendezvous Currently, the NRLHF manages five-week-long regional primitive rendezvous and one specialized weekend event. All of these events must follow the rules and regulations of the Foundation set forth by the Board of Directors. These rules and regulations can be found here: NRLHF Rules and Regulations. Traders or sutlers also have specific rules and regulations to follow. These rules and regulations can be found here: NRLHF Trade Rules and Regulations. The Regional Rendezvous are: The Eastern Primitive Rendezvous: The Eastern Primitive Rendezvous was first held during America's bicentennial year, 1976. The states in this region include Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, and New Jersey. This event has long been known as one of the, if not the, largest Rendezvous in the United States. It is traditionally held during the last week of September. This rendezvous currently elects three delegates to serve on the NRLHF's Council of Delegates. This rendezvous also holds the annual NRLHF Board of Directors meeting. The Northeastern Primitive Rendezvous: The states in this region include New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine. It is traditionally held during a week in July. This rendezvous currently elects two delegates to serve on the NRLHF's Council of Delegates. The Southeastern Primitive Rendezvous: The states in this region include North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee. It is traditionally held during a week in April. This rendezvous currently elects two delegates to serve on the NRLHF's Council of Delegates. The Old Northwest Territory Primitive Rendezvous: The Old Northwest Territory Primitive Rendezvous was first held during the year 1986. The states in this region include Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, and lower Michigan. It is traditionally held during the last week of June. This rendezvous currently elects two delegates to serve on the NRLHF's Council of Delegates. The Midwest Primitive Rendezvous: The Midwest Primitive Rendezvous was first held during the year 1980. The states in this region include Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and upper Michigan. This event has not had a traditional date set during the summer for some time. This rendezvous currently elects two delegates to serve on the NRLHF's Council of Delegates. Other foundation events include: The Corps of Discovery Rendezvous: The Corps of Discovery Rendezvous was first held during the year 2005. It is located in the state of Pennsylvania. It is traditionally held during a weekend in the month of May. The event focuses on the period between 1800 and 1803 AD, or, the period of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. This event elects no delegates to serve on the Council of Delegates See also National Muzzle Loading Rifle Association Historical reenactment References The National Rendezvous and Living History Foundation website 1999 establishments in the United States
Bothersome was an unincorporated community in Stone County, Arkansas, United States. Its post office is closed. References Unincorporated communities in Stone County, Arkansas Unincorporated communities in Arkansas
Noroliveroline is an anticholinergic alkaloid. References Anticholinergic alkaloids Heterocyclic compounds with 5 rings Aporphine alkaloids Benzodioxoles Oxygen heterocycles
Œuilly may refer to the following places in France: Œuilly, Aisne, a commune in the department of Aisne Œuilly, Marne, a commune in the department of Marne
Silje Fjørtoft (born 23 June 1987) is a Norwegian long-distance and steeplechase runner. She finished sixth at the 2007 European U23 Championships and twelfth at the 2009 European U23 Championships. She also competed at the 2005 European Junior Championships, the 2007 World Championships and the 2009 World Championships without reaching the final. She became Norwegian steeplechase champion in 2007, 2008 and 2011 and 5000 metres champion in 2015. She represented the club Ørsta IL together with fellow steeplechaser Kristine Eikrem Engeset. After finishing secondary school at Volda Fjørtoft went on to study at the Southern Methodist University and represent SMU Mustangs collegiately. Fjørtoft switched clubs to SK Vidar in Norway, and ahead of the 2017 season to Ullensaker/Kisa IL. Her personal best times were 9:09.78 minutes in the 3000 metres, achieved in August 2015 in Szczecin; 9:37.97 minutes in the 3000 metres steeplechase, achieved in July 2009 at Bislett stadion; and 15:55.23 minutes in the 5000 metres, achieved in April 2009 in Walnut. References 1987 births Living people People from Ørsta Norwegian female long-distance runners Norwegian female steeplechase runners World Athletics Championships athletes for Norway SMU Mustangs women's track and field athletes Norwegian expatriates in the United States Ullensaker/Kisa IL athletes SMU Mustangs women's cross country runners Sportspeople from Møre og Romsdal
Paul Benjamin Kidd (1945 – 26 December 2021) was an Australian author, journalist, and radio show host. From 2001 until 2020, Kidd was the co-host of the 2UE George and Paul weekend show with George Moore; from 2020 until his death, he co-hosted Weekends with John and Paul with John Stanley on 2GB. Kidd was also a prolific true crime writer, having published a large number of books about high-profile murder cases across Australia and the world. Early career Paul Benjamin Kidd was born in 1945. He began writing in 1970. A self-described "big game fisher", he was in turn the editor of Fishing News, The Tackle Trader, and Fishing Australia Monthly. He was also a photojournalist. Radio host Prior to becoming a host for 2UE, Kidd was the station's fishing and boating commentator. He attained the hosting position for the weekend morning show in 2001 after having originally appeared as a guest, and spent the next two decades co-hosting the show with George Moore. After fifteen years, the show switched from 2UE to 2GB. The show, called simply The George and Paul Show, was a profitable ratings success described as a "unique blend of conservative politics and quiz shows". In late 2019, Moore announced his retirement from The George and Paul Show. Kidd later teamed up with John Stanley to co-host Weekends with John and Paul, changing his timeslot from 9am-2pm to 2pm-6pm. True crime writing Kidd was a prolific writer on Australian crime, with 37 published works. His most widely disseminated book, Till Death Do Us Part: True Stories of Australian Marriages That Ended in Murder, is held by 106 WorldCat libraries worldwide. Other books by Kidd to attract significant attention include Celluloid Serial Killers, also published as Cinema Serial Killers, and 50 Australian Crimes of the 20th Century. Kidd's true crime works have been the subject of controversy over their sociological claims, particularly about Indigenous Australians. His book 50 Australian Crimes of the 20th Century was criticized for its coverage of the murder of Sandra Hoare, a white nurse murdered in 1994 while working in a remote Indigenous town. Kidd's description of the peripheral and troubled lifestyles of the murderers as typical for many rural Indigenous Australians spending their lives in "a disoriented coma from alcohol, marijuana, and petrol fumes" was described as a racist and narrow perspective of Indigenous communities. Personal life Kidd lived in Bondi and was married five times. In 2008, he was diagnosed with bladder cancer; he had a "cardiac episode" in 2018, which prevented him from hosting a cruise with Moore for a group of fans. Kidd died on 26 December 2021 after a "protracted illness", at the age of 76; his death was announced the following day on 2GB's Twitter account. His death was mourned by his colleagues, with 2GB presenter Clinton Maynard describing him as a "unique Australian character" and a significant force in the national radio industry and breakfast presenter Ben Fordham calling him a "generous soul". Moore described the death as expected due to Kidd's health issues, but nonetheless "a damn shock". References 1945 births 2021 deaths Australian radio presenters Australian non-fiction crime writers People associated with true crime
The 2004 San Francisco Board of Supervisors elections occurred on November 2, 2004. Seven of the eleven seats were contested in this election. Six incumbents and one open seat were up for election. Municipal elections in California are officially non-partisan, though most candidates in San Francisco do receive funding and support from various political parties. This is the first Board of Supervisors election in San Francisco to implement ranked-choice voting. Results District 1 This district consists of the Richmond District. Incumbent supervisor Jake McGoldrick ran for reelection. Ranked-choice vote distribution District 2 District 2 consists of the Marina, Pacific Heights, the Presidio, part of Russian Hill, and Sea Cliff. Incumbent supervisor Michela Alioto-Pier was seeking her first election after being appointed by Mayor Gavin Newsom in the wake of his election as mayor. District 3 District 3 consists of the northeastern corner of San Francisco, including Chinatown, the Financial District, Fisherman's Wharf, Nob Hill, North Beach, and Telegraph Hill. Incumbent supervisor Aaron Peskin was seeking reelection. District 5 District 5 consists of the Fillmore, Haight-Ashbury, Hayes Valley, Japantown, UCSF, and the Western Addition. Incumbent supervisor Matt Gonzalez did not seek reelection. Ranked-choice vote distribution District 7 District 7 consists of City College, Forest Hill, Lake Merced, Mount Davidson, Parkmerced, San Francisco State University, St. Francis Wood, and Twin Peaks. Incumbent supervisor Sean Elsbernd was seeking his first election after he was appointed to the seat in the wake of his predecessor Tony Hall's resignation. Ranked-choice vote distribution District 9 District 9 consists of Bernal Heights, the Inner Mission, and part of the Portola. Incumbent supervisor Tom Ammiano ran for reelection. District 11 District 11 consists of the Excelsior District, Ingleside, Oceanview, and the Outer Mission. Incumbent supervisor Gerardo Sandoval ran for reelection. Ranked-choice vote distribution References External links City and County of San Francisco Department of Elections San Francisco Board of Supervisors Elections Board of Supervisors San Francisco Board of Supervisors Board of Supervisors 2004
Flavivirga is a genus of bacteria from the family of Flavobacteriaceae. References Flavobacteria Bacteria genera Taxa described in 2012
Sarnino may refer to the following places in Bulgaria: Sarnino, Dobrich Province, a village in General Toshevo Municipality Sarnino, Smolyan Province
The Société Haïtiano-Américane de Développement Agricole, also known as SHADA, was a joint venture between the United States of America and Haiti to expand wartime production of rubber in the Haitian countryside. This program was established in 1941 and ran until it was largely discontinued in 1944. Background During the outbreak of World War II, an axis blockade cut off American rubber supplies from Malaya and the Dutch East Indies. In 1939, the United States Department of Agriculture began a program to develop rubber production in the tropical Americas. Haitian president Sténio Vincent requested an agricultural advisor from the United States, and on the recommendations of Thomas Barbour and David Fairchild, Thomas A. Fennell was selected and was sent to Haiti. In 1940, Harold F. Loomis of the USDA conducted a rubber survey of Haiti, and the Haitian Ministry of Agriculture agreed to set up rubber experimental station. The USDA then sent Harley Harris Bartlett to bring Hevea brasiliensis plants from the Philippines to Haiti. In 1941, Bartlett successfully transported 4,800 rubber plants. The same year, Élie Lescot succeeded Vincent as president of Haiti. History Establishment The Lescot administration believed that large scale rubber production in Haiti would stimulate the economy. In 1941, the Export-Import Bank in Washington granted $5 million for the development of rubber plantations in Haiti. A company was established, named the Société Haïtiano-Américane de Développement Agricole. Thomas Fennell was brought on as president and general manager with Haitian Minister of Agriculture Maurice Dartigue serving as vice president. In addition to rubber production, the initial plan also involved increasing production of bananas and other food crops, oil producing crops, spices, medicinal plants, and plants useful for textiles. SHADA was granted a 50 year lease on 150,000 acres of land, along with a 50 year monopoly on the export of all natural rubber from Haiti. Although financed and supported by the US, the Haitian government retained 100% of SHADA stock. Early years In addition to rubber production, SHADA also exploited natural timber resources. 75,000 hectares of land were acquired by the company for the exploitation of timber. Species such as Haematoxylon campechianum were harvested by SHADA in areas such as the Forêt des Pins. In 1942, SHADA switched focus from Havea to Cryptostegia under contract of the US Rubber Reserve Company (later the US Rubber Development Corporation). An estimated 47,177 acres were cleared for the cultivation of the Cryptostegia vine in 1943. Farmers in Haiti's northern countryside were lured from food crop cultivation to meet increasing demand for rubber. Lescot was a huge proponent for SHADA, believing the program was the solution to modernizing Haitian agriculture. However, the company began forcibly removing peasant families from Haiti's most arable tracts of land. Additionally, nearly a million fruit-bearing trees in Jérémie were cut down and peasant houses were invaded or razed. Dartigue was alarmed, and wrote to Fennell asking him to respect "the mentality and legitimate interests of the Haitian peasant and city-dwellers." Decline By 1944, it was clear that the program was failing. Yields did not meet expectations, and rubber exports were deemed insignificant. A severe drought from 1943-1944 further crippled the harvest. A US military report stated "The worst thing that can be said of SHADA is that they are doing [their operations] at considerable expense to the American taxpayer and in a manner that does not command the respect of the Haitian people". The US government offered $175,000 as compensation to the 35,000 to 40,000 displaced peasant families after recommending the program's cancellation. In early 1944, The Rubber Development Corporation sent a delegation to cancel the Cryptostegia contract. Lescot feared SHADA's termination would add the burden of higher unemployment, as at its height over 90,000 people were employed by the company. His plea to continue operation until the end of the war was denied. A few months later, all Cryptostegia producing lands were razed and returned to the original owners, and Fennell resigned. SHADA continued small scale production of sisal and Havea under direction of J. W. McQueen. By 1953, the company was no longer in operation. References Haiti–United States relations Agriculture in Haiti
Matija Šegavac (Serbian Cyrillic: Матија Шегавац; born 1 February 1995) is a Serbian goalkeeper who plays for Radnički Sremska Mitrovica. He made his debut for Donji Srem's the first team in season 2012–13. Career statistics References External links Stats at utakmica.rs Men's association football goalkeepers Serbian men's footballers Serbian SuperLiga players Serbian First League players FK Donji Srem players FK Cement Beočin players FK BSK Borča players 1995 births Living people
Terra Boa (Portuguese for "good land") may refer to the following places: Terra Boa, Paraná, Brazil Terra Boa, Cape Verde
Jean Mode (born 1922) is an American former burlesque star and erotic dancer. Night club dancer In August 1942 Mode was part of a 10 hitliner, 2:30 a.m. bill, at Leon and Eddie's night club at 33 West 52nd Street. Other entertainers featured were Johnny Morgan, Wacky Wayne, Leo Fuld, and Cesar and Rosita. The cafe owners were Leon Enken and Eddie Davis. Mode was in a cast of performers at the same 52nd Street establishment, in February 1944. A new Ruth Lane revue and former lightweight champion Tony Canzoneri were also there. In June 1945 she was again at Leon and Eddie's. Mode took an ice cold shower prior to each performance to give her skin a pinky glow. She made a return to striptease in April 1952 under the management of Miles Ingalls. Mode was among the cast of the carnival comedy, Bigger Than Barnum (1946), staged by Fred Rath and Lee Sands. The show opened in Boston and closed in a short time, in the spring of 1946. Patricia Neal was one of the production's performers. Suicide attempt Mode attempted suicide in her Beekman Tower Hotel apartment, 3 Mitchell Place, New York City, on December 30, 1952. She swallowed an overdose of sleeping pills. The hotel manager knocked on her door around 3:15 a.m., after the switchboard light indicated that the telephone in her room was off the hook. He called the police when he found Mode on the bathroom floor. An emergency squad policeman worked on her for an hour and twenty minutes before she was revived sufficiently to be taken to Metropolitan Hospital. Her condition was listed as serious. She was 30 years old. References 1922 births Possibly living people American burlesque performers American erotic dancers American female erotic dancers American musical theatre actresses American stage actresses
Lawrence Hughes may refer to: Lawrence Hughes (actor), American actor in 1922 film The Altar Stairs Ronald Lawrence Hughes (1920–2003), Australian army officer Laurie Hughes (1924–2011), English footballer, played in 1950 World Cup Larry Hughes (politician) (1931–2000), American politician in Ohio Lawrence Hughes (golf course designer), designer of Thunderbird Country Club golf course Lawrence Hughes, unsuccessful candidate in 1980 Northern Territory general election in Australia Lawrence D. Hughes, racehorse trainer in 1991 Bourbonette Oaks Lawrence Hughes, Canadian businessman, founder of CipherTrust Lawrence Hughes, American boxer who lost 2014 to Joachim Alcine See also Lawrence E. Hughes Memorial Highway in Ohio State Route 315
The Coastal railway line () is a mainline railway in Israel, which begins just south of the Lebanon-Israel border on the Mediterranean coast, near the town of Nahariya in Northern Israel and stretches almost the entire Mediterranean coast of the country, to just north of the border with the Gaza Strip in the south. History The northern part of the coastal line from Acre (Akko) to Remez Junction (located south of today's Caesarea-Pardes Hanna Railway Station) was built by the British during the 1920s and operated by Palestine Railways. In 1941–42 engineers of the South African Army and New Zealand Army extended the line north to Beirut and Tripoli, Lebanon, through railway tunnels at Rosh HaNikra grottoes. Following the 1948 Arab–Israeli War the tunnel linking the line to Lebanon was blocked; it was subsequently stripped of its track, backfilled in its Lebanese side, and now forms a part of Rosh HaNikra national park where it hosts an audiovisual theater. It is unlikely that the tunnel will ever service a railway again; in addition to passing through what is now a nature reserve, it is insufficiently wide to service double-tracked lines. Israel Railway's internal plans foresee a new railway to Lebanon, branching off at the midpoint of the Acre-Karmiel railway in Ahihud, in the event of rail links being re-established. The section south from Remez junction including its then-terminus, the Tel Aviv Central Railway Station, were built by Israel Railways in the beginning of the 1950s and the new line opened in May 1953 with Tel Aviv Central opening in November 1954. This new railroad then became the main north-south rail link between northern and central Israel, supplementing the older, more easterly/inland section which connected Remez junction and the nearby Hadera East Railway Station to the Lod Railway Station in central Israel that was constructed during the Ottoman period (and known today as the Eastern railway line, which has been partially abandoned since 1969). This new section of coastal railway from Remez junction linked the Tel Aviv Central Station and Haifa Central Railway Station and significantly shortened the travel time between the two cities as well as providing rail service to the cities of Herzliya and Netanya. Little development of the line followed for the next forty years until 1988 when works started on extending the railway southwards from Tel Aviv Central along the Ayalon Highway. The new railway section, about 5 km in length, was opened in 1993 as the Ayalon Railway; passing through the heart of Tel Aviv, it quickly became the busiest railway line in Israel. It was the first railway line in Israel to be double-tracked from the outset, allowing up to 8 trains per hour in each direction; but even that proved insufficient, and by 2 November 2006, the entire section had been widened to triple-track, increasing the capacity to 14 trains per hour in each direction. A project has been approved to add a fourth track to the line, narrowing the conduit of Ayalon River to make room for the new track, and diverting the excess rainwater into specially-constructed reservoirs. The opening of the Ayalon Railway, extending the Coastal Railway to connect with the Jaffa–Jerusalem railway, heralded a new era of railway development in the country as it allowed trains from the north to reach the south of the country through, rather than around, the nation's largest metropolis. Along this new railway section, two additional stations were built: Tel Aviv HaShalom opened in March 1996, and Tel Aviv HaHagana on 22 June 2002. During the construction of the Ayalon Highway, a provision was made for a third station between these two, at Yitzhak Sadeh bridge – although this station has yet to be built. Over the years additional stations were built along the line, including Hadera West (1957), Haifa Hof HaCarmel (1999), Tel Aviv University (2000), Caesarea-Pardes Hanna (June 2001), Lev HaMifratz (Sep 2001) and Hutzot HaMifratz (Oct 2001). A new section that includes six new stations along the South Ayalon Highway and Highway 4 was constructed in the early 2000s and connected the Coastal Railway with Ashdod Ad Halom railway station of the Lod–Ashkelon railway. The first phase of this work involved extending the coastal railway from the Tel Aviv HaHagana railway station to the new Rishon LeZion Moshe Dayan railway station, serving the southern Tel Aviv area suburbs and opening for service in September 2011. The remainder of the route to Ashdod opened in 2013, with the intermediate Yavne West railway station having opened in early 2012. This last section features a long cut-and-cover tunnel south of Yavne and a large flying junction at the intersection of the new coastal railway with the Lod–Ashkelon railway and the railway branch to the Port of Ashdod. From Ashdod, the existing railway from Lod extends south along the coast to near Yad Mordechai through Ashkelon (with a connection to the Heletz railway). From Yad Mordechai the new Ashkelon–Beersheba railway, completed in 2015, branches inland southeastwards through the northern Negev. Beginning in the late 1980s, works started to double track the line in stages. These were finished in 2013 when double tracking works on the railway section between Akko and Nahariya were completed. Nowadays the line consists of at least double track throughout its entire length. Services Both intercity and suburban services operate on the line. The intercity service from Nahariya and Haifa to Tel Aviv and suburban services in both the Tel Aviv metropolitan area and the Haifa metropolitan area. Freight trains operate on the line as well. The line is the busiest on the Israel Railways network, with the section along the Ayalon Highway the busiest on the line. Plans Electrification There are plans to electrify the entire line using an overhead 25 kV 50Hz AC system, though the Haifa municipality continues to oppose the plans due to aesthetic and public access reasons since the railway lies so close to the coastline within its borders. Work on electrifying the Ayalon section between HaHagana and Herzliya, the busiest railway section in Israel and the first part of the Coastal Railway to be electrified started at HaHagana station in the fall of 2019 and reached Herzliya station in September 2020. Electrification between HaHagana and Ashkelon was completed in December 2021 and between Hertzliya and Netanya in September 2022. Electrification works between Netanya and Binyamina were completed in February 2023. Widening Hertzliya to Haifa Since the 2000 decade, the section between Tel Aviv Central and Tel Aviv University stations consists of four tracks, while works to extend the four track section from University to Herzliya were completed in 2020. Because the line is Israel's most congested, there are long-term plans to extend the four-track section from Hertzliya to Haifa in stages. One set of dual tracks will be used mostly by suburban trains and the other set by express trains traveling nonstop or making only one stop (in Hadera) between Tel Aviv and Haifa. The express tracks will be designed to accommodate train speeds of up to 250 km/h. Space will also be reserved within the boundaries of the plan to accommodate an additional suburban set of rails on the route. The overall cost of the project between Hertzliya and Hof HaCarmel is estimated at appx. NIS 16 billion (equivalent to US$4.7 billion in 2021 dollars). Ayalon bottleneck The section between Tel Aviv HaHagana and Tel Aviv Central currently consists of three tracks. Many rail lines in Israel use this section which is operating at full capacity. This severely restricts the ability of Israel Railways to expand service to different parts of the country and constitutes a critical bottleneck in the entire national rail network. Given that this section is located in a dense urban environment and with the railway being bound by the Ayalon River to the east and the southbound lanes of the Ayalon Highway in the west makes the addition of a fourth track an extremely complex engineering challenge. After many years of deliberations on the matter, an NIS 5.5 billion (equivalent to appx. US$1.5 billion in 2018 dollars) project was approved in 2018 to add the fourth track to the Ayalon section by constructing an elevated platform over the channel of the Ayalon River to carry the new track. Since the platform will reduce the capacity of the channel to carry water, the project also includes large-scale drainage works to divert excess rainwater into specially-constructed reservoirs, including one on the grounds of Ariel Sharon Park, and a temporary reservoir on the grounds of the Mikveh Israel agricultural school southeast of Tel Aviv to be used until an underground pipeline can be constructed to divert the outlet of the Ayalon River from northern to southern Tel Aviv. The overall project also includes adding two additional tracks within a widened Highway 1 median extending from HaHagana to the Ganot/Shapirim interchanges (where the railway to Ben Gurion Airport branches out from the Tel Aviv–Lod railway). Despite the urgency in adding the fourth track, due to additional necessary permits and approvals, the detailed design of the project, and extensive preparatory drainage works, construction is not expected to begin until the early-to-mid 2020s, with works expected to take place through at least 2028. The State Comptroller of Israel has harshly criticized the governmental planning authorities for the repeated delays associated with the construction of the fourth track, which is a critical missing element in Israel's public transportation infrastructure. Other plans As of 2021, a large-scale project is underway to revive the long-defunct Eastern line between Pardes Hanna and Kfar Sava to act as a backup railroad to the coastal railway south of Remez junction, while at other times to serve mainly freight trains with some limited passenger service. See also Israel Railways Jaffa–Jerusalem railway References External links Israel Railways Website Standard gauge railways in Israel Railway lines opened in 1953 Railway lines in highway medians
Jeff Lebby (born January 5, 1984) is an American football coach and former player who is currently the offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach at the University of Oklahoma. He has previously served as an assistant coach at the University of Mississippi (Ole Miss), Baylor University and University of Central Florida (UCF). Playing career Lebby played high school football at Andrews High School. He earned All-State honors his senior year and signed with Oklahoma to play football. An injury ended his playing career in college. Coaching career Early career After the injury ended his playing career, he switched to coaching and stayed at Oklahoma as a student assistant. At Oklahoma, he would meet then-Oklahoma quarterback and future boss Josh Heupel. He left Oklahoma to coach the offensive line and tight ends at Victoria High School (Texas). Baylor Lebby came back to the collegiate ranks in 2008, and served various roles for Baylor across nine seasons which included passing game coordinator for two seasons. From 2008 to 2011, he was the assistant director of football operations. He also served five seasons as a running backs coach. Role during 2015 Baylor football scandal While coaching at Baylor University, Lebby was named by Baylor student Dolores Lozano as one of the coaches that took no action against running back Devin Chafin after she reported being physically assaulted three times by him. After Art Briles was terminated by Baylor, Lebby defended Briles, who is also Lebby's father-in-law, and sold shirts with #CAB (Coach Art Briles) in a show of continued support. Southeastern He got his first full time offensive coordinator opportunity at Southeastern, an NAIA school in Florida. He helped lead Southeastern to the Mid-South Conference Sun Division title and a playoff berth. Southeastern would finish with the No. 1 scoring offense and the No. 3 total offense in the NAIA that year. UCF On December 24, 2017, UCF announced the hire of Lebby as their quarterback coach and passing game coordinator, reuniting with Josh Heupel. Under his guidance, quarterback McKenzie Milton was 7th in yards per attempt and 9th in passing efficiency rating. Milton would finish 6th in Heisman Trophy voting that year. He was promoted to offensive coordinator the following year in 2019. His offense ranked 5th in total offense and true freshman quarterback Dillon Gabriel threw for 3,653 yards and 29 touchdowns. Ole Miss On December 11, 2019, Lebby was hired by Lane Kiffin at Ole Miss to serve in the same role as he did at UCF. In his first season with the Rebels, Lebby's offense ranked eighth in total offense. On January 6, 2021, Lebby signed a two-year extension with Ole Miss. Oklahoma On December 8, 2021, Oklahoma football finalized a deal for Lebby to be the Sooners' new offensive coordinator under newly hired head coach Brent Venables. Lebby’s contract with Oklahoma is for three years and $5.7 million dollars. References External links Ole Miss Rebels profile 1984 births Living people Baylor Bears football coaches Oklahoma Sooners football coaches Ole Miss Rebels football coaches Southeastern Fire football coaches UCF Knights football coaches High school football coaches in Texas University of Oklahoma alumni People from McGregor, Texas Coaches of American football from Texas
```python #!/usr/bin/env python ## # Massimiliano Patacchiola, Plymouth University 2016 # # In this example I show you how to use a pretrained Deep Neural Network (DNN) # for head pose estimation. It requires a tensorflow file containing the weights # of the network, which are loaded at the beginning of the session. # # Attention: this example works with greyscale images of dimension 64x64 pixels # These are all the modules we'll be using later. Make sure you can import them # before proceeding further. from __future__ import print_function import numpy as np import tensorflow as tf import cv2 # Create model def multilayer_model(_X, _input0, _biases_input0, _hidden1, _biases_hidden1, _hidden2, _biases_hidden2, _output3, _biases_output3): _input0_result = tf.matmul(_X, _input0) + _biases_input0 _hidden1_result = tf.nn.tanh(tf.matmul(_input0_result, _hidden1) + _biases_hidden1) _hidden2_result = tf.nn.tanh(tf.matmul(_hidden1_result, _hidden2) + _biases_hidden2) _output3_result = tf.nn.tanh(tf.matmul(_hidden2_result, _output3) + _biases_output3) return _output3_result graph = tf.Graph() with graph.as_default(): print("Starting Graph creation...") # Variables image_size = 64 num_hidden_units_1 = 256 num_hidden_units_2 = 256 num_hidden_units_3 = 256 num_labels = 3 #0- the input placeholder tf_input = tf.placeholder(tf.float32,shape=(batch_size, image_size * image_size)) #1- weights #tf.truncated_normal(shape, mean=0.0, stddev=1.0) weights_input0 = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([image_size * image_size, num_hidden_units_1], 0.0, 1.0)) weights_hidden1 = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([num_hidden_units_1, num_hidden_units_2], 0.0, 1.0)) weights_hidden2 = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([num_hidden_units_2, num_hidden_units_3], 0.0, 1.0)) weights_output3 = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([num_hidden_units_3, num_labels], 0.0, 1.0)) #2- biases biases_input0 = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([num_hidden_units_1])) biases_hidden1 = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([num_hidden_units_2])) biases_hidden2 = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([num_hidden_units_3])) biases_output3 = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([num_labels])) #3- testing prediction = multilayer_model(tf_train_dataset, weights_input0, biases_input0, weights_hidden1, biases_hidden1, weights_hidden2, biases_hidden2, weights_output3, biases_output3) print("Finished.") #Print the variables print("========== ALL TF VARS ======== ") all_vars = tf.all_variables() for k in all_vars: print(k.name) #Load the checkpoint ckpt = tf.train.get_checkpoint_state("./dnn_1600i_4h_3o") #Create the session _sess = tf.Session() #Associate the weights stored in the checkpoint file to the #local tensorflow variables tf.train.Saver(({"dnn_weights_input0": weights_input0, "dnn_biases_input0": biases_input0, "dnn_weights_hidden1": weights_hidden1, "dnn_biases_hidden1": biases_hidden1, "dnn_weights_hidden2": weights_hidden2, "dnn_biases_hidden2": biases_hidden2, "dnn_weights_output3": weights_output3, "dnn_biases_output3": biases_output3 })).restore(_sess, ckpt.model_checkpoint_path) #Load the image in greyscale with OpenCV image = cv2.imread("image.jpg", 0) h,w = image.shape #Resize the image if needed and get the predictions from the model if(h == w and h>64): image_resized = cv2.resize(image, (64, 64), interpolation = cv2.INTER_AREA) image_normalised = np.add(image_resized, -127) #normalisation of the input feed_dict = {tf_input : image_normalised} predictions = _sess.run([prediction], feed_dict=feed_dict) elif(h == w and h==64): image_normalised = np.add(image_resized, -127) #normalisation of the input feed_dict = {tf_input : image_normalised} predictions = _sess.run([prediction], feed_dict=feed_dict) print(predictions) #Here to see the output in degrees you should #multiply the first value inside prediction (roll) times 25 #the second value in prediction (pitch) times 45 #and the third value (yaw) times 90 else: raise ValueError('DnnHeadPoseEstimation: the image given as input is not squared or it is smaller than 64px.') ```
John II (; ; 3 March 1455 – 25 October 1495), called the Perfect Prince (), was King of Portugal from 1481 until his death in 1495, and also for a brief time in 1477. He is known for re-establishing the power of the Portuguese monarchy, reinvigorating the Portuguese economy, and renewing his country's exploration of Africa and Asia. Early life Born in Lisbon, the son of King Afonso V of Portugal by his wife, Isabella of Coimbra, John II succeeded his father as ruler of Portugal in 1477, when the king retired to a monastery, but only became king in 1481, after the death of his father and predecessor. As a prince, John II accompanied his father in the campaigns in northern Africa and was made a knight after the victory in the Conquest of Arzila in 1471. In 1473, he married Leonor of Viseu, an infanta of Portugal and his first cousin. Even at a young age, John was not popular among the peers of the kingdom since he was immune to external influence and appeared to despise intrigue. The nobles (including particularly his half second cousin Ferdinand II, the Duke of Braganza) were afraid of his future policies as king. Consolidation of power accession to the throne in 1481, John II took a series of measures to curtail the power of the Portuguese aristocracy and concentrate power in himself. As one example of the measures he took, he deprived the nobles of their right to administer justice on their estates. Immediately, the nobles started to conspire. Letters of complaint and pleas to intervene were exchanged between the Duke of Braganza and Queen Isabella I of Castile. King John took the precaution of renegotiating the "Tercerias de Moura" agreement to insure that his son Afonso was living safely back at court before he would move against Braganza, the most powerful noble in the realm (the original agreement called for Afonso to live in Moura, Portugal, with his intended Spanish bride, Isabella, Princess of Asturias, as children before their marriage). In 1483, additional correspondence was intercepted by royal spies. The House of Braganza was outlawed, their lands confiscated and the duke executed in Évora. The Duke's widow, Isabella of Viseu, John's cousin and sister-in-law, fled with her children to Castile. In the following year, the Duke of Viseu, John's cousin and brother-in-law, was summoned to the palace and stabbed to death by the king himself for suspicion of a new conspiracy. Many other people were executed, murdered, or exiled to Castile, including the Bishop of Évora, who was poisoned in prison. Following the crackdown, no one in the country dared to defy the king and John saw no further conspiracies during his reign. A great confiscation of estates followed and enriched the crown, which now became the dominant power of the realm. Economy Facing a bankrupt kingdom, John II showed the initiative to solve the situation by creating a regime in which a council of scholars took a vital role. The king conducted a search of the population and selected members for the council on the basis of their abilities, talents and credentials (meritocracy). John's exploration policies (see below) also paid great dividends. Such was the profit coming from John II's investments in the overseas explorations and expansion that the Portuguese currency had become the soundest in Europe. The kingdom could finally collect taxes for its own use rather than to pay debts, mainly thanks to its main gold source at that time, the coast of Guinea. Exploration John II famously restored the policies of Atlantic exploration, reviving the work of his great-uncle, Henry the Navigator. The Portuguese explorations were his main priority in government, patronising both national and foreign men, such as João Afonso de Aveiro and Martin Behaim, to further his goals. Portuguese explorers pushed south along the known coast of Africa with the purpose of discovering the maritime route to India and breaking into the spice trade. During his reign, the following achievements were realised: 1482 – Foundation of the coastal fortress and trade post of São Jorge da Mina 1484 – Discovery of the Congo River by Diogo Cão. 1488 – Discovery and passage of the Cape of Good Hope by Bartolomeu Dias in Mossel Bay. 1493 – Start of the settlement of the São Tomé and Príncipe islands by Álvaro Caminha. Funding of land expeditions by Afonso de Paiva and Pêro da Covilhã to India and Ethiopia in search of the kingdom of Prester John. The true extent of Portuguese explorations has been the subject of academic debate. According to one theory, some navigations were kept secret for fear of competition by neighbouring Castile. The archives of this period were mainly destroyed in the fire after the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, and what was not destroyed during the earthquake was either stolen or destroyed during the Peninsular War or otherwise lost. Conflict with Castile When Columbus returned from his first voyage early in 1493, he first stopped in Lisbon to claim his victory in front of King John II. King John II's only response to this was that under the Treaty of Alcáçovas previously signed with Spain, Columbus's discoveries lay within Portugal's sphere of influence. Before Columbus even reached Isabella I of Castile, John II had already sent a letter to them threatening to send a fleet to claim it for Portugal. Spain quickly hastened to the negotiating table, which took place in a small Spanish town named Tordesillas with a papal representative present to act as mediator. The result of this meeting would be the famous Treaty of Tordesillas, which sought to divide all newly discovered lands in the New World between Spain and Portugal. Legacy John II died at Alvor at age 40 without legitimate children. Despite his attempts to have his illegitimate son Jorge, Duke of Coimbra, succeed him, he was succeeded by his first cousin and brother in-law, Manuel I. The nickname the Perfect Prince is a posthumous appellation that is intended to refer to Niccolò Machiavelli's work The Prince. John II is considered to have lived his life exactly according to the writer's idea of a perfect prince. Nevertheless, he was admired as one of the greatest European monarchs of his time. Isabella I of Castile usually referred to him as El Hombre (The Man). The Italian scholar Poliziano wrote a letter to John II that paid him a profound homage: to render you thanks on behalf of all who belong to this century, which now favours of your quasi-divine merits, now boldly competing with ancient centuries and all Antiquity. Indeed, Poliziano considered his achievements to be more meritorious than those of Alexander the Great or Julius Caesar. He offered to write an epic work giving an account of John II accomplishments in navigation and conquests. The king replied in a positive manner in a letter of 23 October 1491, but delayed the commission. In popular culture In the TV series Christopher Columbus (1985) he is played by Max von Sydow. In the film Christopher Columbus: The Discovery (1992) he is played by Mathieu Carrière. He appears in Civilization IV (as João II), leading the Portuguese. In the TV series Isabel played by Álvaro Monje Marriage and descendants Ancestry Notes References Bodian, Mirian Hebrews of the Portuguese Nation (1997) Boxer, Charles R. From Lisbon to Goa, 1500–1750 (1991) Boxer, Charles R. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire 1415–1825 (1969) Duffy, James Portuguese Africa (1968) Mira, Manuel S. Forgotten Portuguese: The Melungeons and the Portuguese Making of America (1998) Orange, G. V. "King John II of Portugal and the Quest for India."History Today (June 1968), Vol. 18 Issue 6, pp. 415–421; online' covers 1451 to 1495. Page, Martin The First Global Village External links D. John II (the perfect prince) 1455 births 1495 deaths 15th-century Portuguese monarchs House of Aviz Knights of the Garter Maritime history of Portugal Nobility from Lisbon Portuguese infantes Portuguese Roman Catholics Princes of Portugal Portuguese exploration in the Age of Discovery
Alika Hope is the founder and primary vocalist for the Ray of Hope Project. She was born in Oregon and received a Bachelor of Arts in sociology from the University of Notre Dame. Hope also minored in dance at St. Mary's College. She went on to receive a Master of Arts in early childhood special education from Teachers College at Columbia University. Career Opera career In 2003, Hope was the soloist singing "Ave Maria" National Shrine of The Divine Mercy on Divine Mercy Sunday. This performance was broadcast internationally on EWTN. Theatre and singing Hope is a member of Actors Equity Association and was in a production of South Pacific in the 2000s. In 2012, she performed on The Island Lil as Junie. She has also portrayed Mrs. Muller in "Doubt" with Berkshire Actors Theatre. Her singing events can be found on BroadwayWorld. She participated in a Human Rights Festival in 2018 and an Arts Festival for Human Rights in New York in 2017. Television Hope has been a co-host of CT Perspective TV on FOX-CT since 2013. She stars as Sandra in the comedy A Coupla Pros. Pageants Hope was Ms. New England America for the 2019 Ms. America Pageant. Ray of Hope Project Hope is the co-founder and president of The Ray of Hope Project, an organization with the goal of using African American spirituals to shed light on the combined anti-slavery efforts of blacks and whites in 19th century New England. The project includes nine musicians and actors who incorporate African American spirituals with live music in their participatory programs. The Ray of Hope Project musicians and actors use historical records of successful African Americans to teach about slavery in America in the 1900s. Collaborations with schools, libraries and museums throughout the United States has allowed members to create poems and performance material. The project also uses the music and lyrics of 20th century social justice songs as a way of creating conversations around current issues of global social justice issues. "Hope for a Motherless Child", the project's first album, was released in 2016 and won a "preferred choice" award for Kids CD in the 2016 Creative Child Magazine awards. It was also awarded a Global Music Award in June 2016. In June, 2016, Hope and the Ray of Hope project participated in Old Sturbridge Village's Juneteenth/Freedom Week. She was interviewed by Connecticut Public Radio about the experience. In an interview with Lioness magazine, Hope said that the motto of Ray of Hope Project is to "Feel the Music, Change the World" In 2017, Ray of Hope created a music video "IRL" which focuses on the importance of exhibiting kindness in social media. References 1975 births Living people Singers from Oregon University of Notre Dame alumni Singers from New York City Teachers College, Columbia University alumni Catlin Gabel School alumni 21st-century American singers
Koo Wee Rup was a railway station on the South Gippsland line in South Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. The station operated until the closure of the line between Cranbourne Station and Leongatha Station in July 1993. The station remains partly intact with the platform and goods shed (now privately owned) intact, however the track one kilometre on each side of the station platform has been dismantled, and replaced by a concrete pathway for bicycles and recreational use. Koo Wee Rup was also the junction of the branch line to Strzelecki. The establishment of the pathway has effectively removed any likelihood that the railway will be rehabilitated. It can also be seen as being the start of a rail trail on the railway reserve, stretching back to Cranbourne, which will block future rail transport options for people in Cranbourne East, Clyde, and surrounding areas. Current Status Between 1999 and 2008 there was constant speculation that the railway line from Cranbourne to Leongatha would re-open, as promised by the then Victorian State Government, under a project named 'Bringing Trains Back to Victorians'. Electrification of the railway beyond Cranbourne to Cranbourne East, Clyde and even as far as Koo Wee Rup had been advocated to serve the rapidly growing suburban fringe of south-east Melbourne. However, in May 2008, a scoping study carried out on behalf of the government found the costs of returning services high, at $72 million. Therefore, plans to reopen the line were halted, and the government pledged to spend $14.2 million on improved V/Line coach services in the South Gippsland region instead. As well, it was later announced that the railway reservation would be used for a rail trail between Cranbourne East and Nyora. Reopening the South Gippsland railway line as far as Leongatha continues to be a prominent issue for the region. South Gippsland Shire Council Priority Projects documents released in June 2013 stated that the return of rail was a major community priority, with funding and support being sought from all levels of government. In early 2014, a report into possible extensions of the Melbourne metropolitan rail system identified the population growth corridor from Cranbourne to Koo-Wee-Rup, along the disused Leongatha line, as a key planning priority. Established in April 2011, the South and West Gippsland Transport Group has continued to campaign for an integrated transport plan in the region. Rail services has been included at the forefront of the proposal in close association with the South Gippsland Shire Council and other local governments. One notable achievement of the group in the past was running the successful campaign that saw passenger rail services reinstated to Leongatha on 9 December 1984. After the abandonment in 2008 by then premier John Brumby of the promise to revive the railway line for freight and passenger services made by the government of his predecessor Steve Bracks, a community campaign involving the South and West Gippsland Transport Group continues to lobby key stakeholders and governments to reinstate rail services, to improve transport accessibility in the region. Rail trail Starting in early March 2012, the railway track has been gradually removed from the Koo Wee Rup area as a first step toward the creation of a rail trail on the railway alignment. The first section has been constructed - formed as a concrete pathway running one kilometre each side of the former Koo Wee Rup railway station platform. Images of the railway at Koo Wee Rup References Disused railway stations in Victoria (state)
Tampico Beverages is an American manufacturer of bottled fruit-flavored drinks and gelatin. It is available in the United States and more than 56 countries around the globe. Tampico Beverages is wholly owned by Houchens Industries Inc. since 2008. History Founded in 1989, Tampico Beverages began with just one flavor: Citrus Punch. By the early 1990s, they had secured their first international licensee in Mexico. The company continued to add flavors and work with licensees to add new package sizes and formats, and, in 2014 its Citrus Gallon had become the number one selling item in the refrigerated drink category in the U.S. Tampico now provides concentrate to licensees in over 50 countries. Products As of 2014, Tampico's products were as follows. In the U.S., these are labeled as a type of soft drink with the word "punch". The words "fruit" or "juice" do not appear because the bulk consists of water, sugar, and flavoring, with only tiny proportions of fruit juice. Non-carbonated drinks Blue Raspberry Citrus Punch (Original flavor) Island Punch Kiwi Strawberry Punch Lime Punch Mango Punch Peach Punch Pineapple Coconut Punch Strawberry Banana Punch Tropical Punch Carbonated drinks Apple Lemon-Lime Orange Pineapple Tamarind Iced tea Unsweetened Sweetened Lemon Peach Gelatin Citrus Punch Kiwi Strawberry Punch Tropical Punch References External links 1989 establishments in Illinois American soft drinks Drink companies of the United States Brand name desserts Manufacturing companies based in Chicago American companies established in 1989 Iced tea brands Juice brands Food and drink companies based in Chicago Food and drink companies established in 1989
```smalltalk using System.Threading.Tasks; using CSharpFunctionalExtensions.ValueTasks; using Xunit; namespace CSharpFunctionalExtensions.Tests.ResultTests.Extensions { public class FinallyTests_ValueTask_Left : FinallyTestsBase { [Theory] [InlineData(true)] [InlineData(false)] public async Task Finally_ValueTask_Left_result_returns_K(bool isSuccess) { Result result = Result.SuccessIf(isSuccess, ErrorMessage); K output = await result.AsValueTask().Finally(Func_Result); AssertCalled(result, output); } [Theory] [InlineData(true)] [InlineData(false)] public async Task Finally_ValueTask_Left_result_T_returns_K(bool isSuccess) { Result<T> result = Result.SuccessIf(isSuccess, T.Value, ErrorMessage); K output = await result.AsValueTask().Finally(Func_Result_T); AssertCalled(result, output); } [Theory] [InlineData(true)] [InlineData(false)] public async Task Finally_ValueTask_Left_result_T_E_returns_K(bool isSuccess) { Result<T, E> result = Result.SuccessIf(isSuccess, T.Value, E.Value); K output = await result.AsValueTask().Finally(Func_Result_T_E); AssertCalled(result, output); } [Fact] public async Task your_sha256_hashK() { UnitResult<E> result = UnitResult.Success<E>(); K output = await result.AsValueTask().Finally(Func_UnitResult_E); AssertCalled(result, output); } [Fact] public async Task your_sha256_hashK() { UnitResult<E> result = UnitResult.Failure(E.Value); K output = await result.AsValueTask().Finally(Func_UnitResult_E); AssertCalled(result, output); } } } ```
CEDEP-1 is an experimental unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) developed by the Project Development Center (CEDEP) of the Peruvian Air Force. Design and development Funding is currently being provided through the Ministry of Defence and a grant from the National Council of Science and Technology (Concytec). The aircraft is equipped with optical and infrared sensing technologies, with real-time communication to a ground station. In 2008, a prototype made a first test flight at Las Palmas Air Force Base. Since then, a scale prototype has successfully made more than 20 flights in and around the resort of Chorrillos. It has been reported that this aircraft has been used to support counter-terrorism operations in the Valley of Apurímac and Ene River (VRAE). References Notes Unmanned military aircraft Aircraft manufactured in Peru Unmanned aerial vehicles of Peru
This is a list of surface-to-air missiles (SAMs). World War II Enzian – Nazi Germany Wasserfall – Nazi Germany Rheintochter – Nazi Germany Funryu – Empire of Japan Modern systems China TY-90 QW-3 FN-6 KS-1 (missile) HQ-9 HQ-9A HQ-9B HHQ-9 HQ-22 HQ-16 HQ-17 HQ-17AE HQ-7 HQ-10 HQ-19 FM-3000 FT-2000 HQ-15/HQ-18 (Chinese copy of S-300 missile system) France R440 Crotale R460 SICA Masurca Roland 1 Roland 2 Roland 3 Mistral 1 Mistral 2 Mistral 3 VT1 VL MICA Aster 15 Aster 30 Germany ASRAD (Stinger, RBS-70 mk2, Igla, Mistral, Starburst missiles) land-based VSHORAD system ASRAD-2 land-based VSHORAD system IRIS-T SL LFK NG Greece Aris AA missile system India Akash Akash-NG QRSAM VL-SRSAM SAMAR Air Defence System VSHORAD (India) Barak 8 MR-SAM LR-SAM XRSAM Prithvi Air Defence Advanced Air Defence Prithvi Defence Vehicle Prithvi Defence Vehicle Mark 2 Iran Bavar 373 Ya Zahra Raad Mehrab Shahin Shalamche Misagh-1 Misagh-2 Qaem Taer-I Taer-II A, B and S Talaash air defense system Sayyad-1 Sayyad-1A Sayyad-2 Sayyad-3 Sayyad-4 Khordad 15 (air defense system) Kamin-2 Shahab Thaqeb SM-1 Herz-e-nohom Tabas Sevom Khordad Raad 122 mm anti helicopter rocket Iraq Al Arq (missile) Al Hurriyah (missile) Israel Arrow 2 Arrow 3 Barak 1 Barak 8 David's Sling (Stunner missile) Iron Dome SPYDER (Surface-to-Air Python and Derby) Italy Aspide CAMM-ER "Common Anti-aircraft Modular Missile - Extended Range" Aster 15 Aster 30 Japan Type 91 Type 03 Chu-SAM Type 81 Tan-SAM Type 93 "Closed Arrow" SAM Type 11 Tan-SAM Kai II Myanmar GYD-1B(KS-1M) medium-range surface-to-air missile Poland GROM Piorun Poprad (Grom, Piorun missiles) land-based VSHORAD system Romania CA-94 CA-95 South Africa Umkhonto Marlin South Korea Chiron KM-SAM Sweden MSHORAD (Bolide missile) land-based VSHORAD RBS-70 RBS-23 Switzerland RSA RSC-54 RSC-56 RSC-57 RSC/RSD 58 RSE Kriens Taiwan Sky Bow I Sky Bow II Sky Bow III Turkey HİSAR PMADSnaval/land-based VSHORAD system SIPER (Long range surface to air missile system) Ukraine Dnipro United Kingdom Thunderbird (missile) Blowpipe Bristol Bloodhound Javelin Rapier Sea Cat – United Kingdom Sea Slug Sea Dart Sea Wolf Starstreak/laser Starburst/laser CAMM (missile family) United States AN/TWQ-1 Avenger Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System FIM-43 Redeye FIM-92 Stinger MIM-3 Nike Ajax MIM-14 Nike-Hercules CIM-10 BOMARC MIM-23 Hawk MIM-72 Chaparral – This is a ground-launched version of the AIM-9 Sidewinder AAM MIM-104 Patriot RIM-24 Tartar RIM-2 Terrier RIM-8 Talos RIM-7 Sea Sparrow (aka Basic Point Defense Missile System) (BPDMS) RIM-50 Typhon RIM-66 Standard (SM-1MR/SM-2MR) RIM-67 Standard (SM-1ER/SM-2ER) RIM-113 RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile RIM-161 Standard Missile 3 (SM-3) RIM-162 ESSM RIM-174 Standard ERAM (SM-6) Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) USSR/Russian Federation 2K11 Krug/SA-4 "Ganef" 2K12 Kub/SA-6 "Gainful" 2K22 Tunguska/SA-19 "Grison"/SA-N-11 (tracked gun-missile system including SA-19) Kashtan CIWS (naval gun-missile system including SA-19/SA-N-11) 9K33 Osa/SA-8 "Gecko"/SA-N-4 9K31 Strela-1/SA-9 "Gaskin" 9K32 Strela-2, a.k.a. SA-7 Grail 9K34 Strela-3/SA-14 "Gremlin"/SA-N-8 9K38 Igla/SA-16 "Gimlet"/SA-18 "Grouse"/SA-24 "Grinch"/SA-N-10/SA-N-14 9K333 Verba 9K35 Strela-10/SA-13 "Gopher" 9K37 Buk/SA-11 "Gadfly"/SA-17 "Grizzly"/SA-N-7/SA-N-12 Pantsir-S1/SA-22 "Greyhound" (wheeled or tracked gun-missile system including SA-22) 9K330 Tor/SA-15 "Gauntlet"/SA-N-9 42S6 Morfey S-25 Berkut/SA-1 "Guild" S-75 Dvina/SA-2 "Guideline"/SA-N-2 S-125 Neva/Pechora/SA-3 "Goa"/SA-N-1 S-200 Angara/Vega/Dubna/SA-5 "Gammon" S-300/SA-10 "Grumble"/SA-12 "Gladiator/Giant"/SA-20 "Gargoyle"/SA-N-6 S-300VM/SA-23 "Gladiator/Giant" S-350E Vityaz 50R6 S-400 Triumf/SA-21 "Growler" S-500 55R6M "Triumfator-M." (As of September 16, 2021) M-11 Shtorm/SA-N-3 "Goblet" 9M337 Sosna-R North Korea KN-06 Yugoslavia R-25 Vulkan Multinational ASGLA (Igla missile) (German-Ukrainian) land-based VSHORAD system ASRAD-R (Bolide missile) (German-Swedish) land-based VSHORAD system ASRAD-R Naval (Bolide missile) (German-Swedish) shipboard VSHORAD system IRIS-T SL (German-Italian-Swedish-Greek-Norwegian-Spanish) Falcon (IRIS-T SL missile) (German-Swedish-American) land-based SHORAD system MGBADS (IRIS-T SL missile) (German-Danish-Norwegian) land-based SHORAD system LVRBS-98 (IRIS-T SL missile) (German-Swedish) land-based SHORAD system IDAS (German-Norwegian-Turkish) submarine-launched anti-air/ship/land missile – also infrared-guided ForceSHIELD (Starstreak missile) (Franco-British) land-based VSHORAD system MEADS (PAC-3 MSE missile) (German-Italian-American) (cancelled) land-based MRAD system MIM-115 Roland (Franco-German) (replaced by LFK NG) MIM-146 ADATS (Swiss-American) NASAMS (AMRAAM missile) (Norwegian-American) land-based SHORAD system NASAMS 2 (AMRAAM missile) (Norwegian-American) land-based SHORAD system NASAMS 3 (AMRAAM missile) (Norwegian-American) land-based SHORAD system PAAMS / Sea Viper (MBDA Aster missile) (Franco-British-Italian) shipboard SHORAD/MRAD system SAMP/T (MBDA Aster missile) (Franco-Italian) land-based SHORAD/MRAD system RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile – United States / Germany (also has initial passive radar (ESM) guidance) TLVS (PAC-3 MSE, IRIS-T SL missiles) (German-American) land-based SHORAD/MRAD system Barak 1 developed by India and Israel Barak 8 developed by India and Israel References Anti-aircraft weapons Lists of weapons
```smalltalk namespace Npgsql.EntityFrameworkCore.PostgreSQL.ValueGeneration.Internal; /// <summary> /// This API supports the Entity Framework Core infrastructure and is not intended to be used /// directly from your code. This API may change or be removed in future releases. /// </summary> public class NpgsqlSequenceValueGeneratorState : HiLoValueGeneratorState { /// <summary> /// This API supports the Entity Framework Core infrastructure and is not intended to be used /// directly from your code. This API may change or be removed in future releases. /// </summary> public NpgsqlSequenceValueGeneratorState(ISequence sequence) : base(Check.NotNull(sequence, nameof(sequence)).IncrementBy) { Sequence = sequence; } /// <summary> /// This API supports the Entity Framework Core infrastructure and is not intended to be used /// directly from your code. This API may change or be removed in future releases. /// </summary> public virtual ISequence Sequence { get; } } ```
Parashorea globosa (also called white seraya) is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is found in Sumatra (Indonesia) and Peninsular Malaysia (Malaysia). References globosa Endangered plants Flora of Malaya Flora of Sumatra Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Joseph "Lefty" Bell was a baseball pitcher and outfielder in the Negro leagues. He played with the Montgomery Grey Sox in 1932. While 1932 was Bell's first year in professional baseball, he was expected to be one of the league's best pitchers by the end of the season. However, he only appeared in two recorded games as a pitcher, going 1–0 with a 3.14 earned run average in 14.1 innings pitched. He also played the outfield, recording four hits in 14 at bats. References External links and Seamheads Montgomery Grey Sox players Year of birth missing Year of death missing Baseball pitchers
```c++ /* * * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: * * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in * all copies or substantial portions of the Software. * * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. / #include "PyTensorNet.h" #include "PyDepthNet.h" #include "depthNet.h" #include "logging.h" #include "../../utils/python/bindings/PyCUDA.h" typedef struct { PyTensorNet_Object base; depthNet net; // object instance PyObject* depthField; // depth field cudaImage } PyDepthNet_Object; #define DOC_DEPTHNET "Mono depth estimation DNN - performs depth mapping on monocular images\n\n" \ "Examples (jetson-inference/python/examples)\n" \ " depthnet.py\n\n" \ "__init__(...)\n" \ " Loads a mono depth estimation model.\n\n" \ " Parameters:\n" \ " network (string) -- name of a built-in network to use,\n" \ " see below for available options.\n\n" \ " argv (strings) -- command line arguments passed to depthNet,\n" \ " see below for available options.\n\n" \ DEPTHNET_USAGE_STRING // Init static int PyDepthNet_Init( PyDepthNet_Object* self, PyObject args, PyObject kwds ) { LogDebug(LOG_PY_INFERENCE "PyDepthNet_Init()\n"); // parse arguments PyObject* argList = NULL; const char* network = "fcn-mobilenet"; static char* kwlist[] = {"network", "argv", NULL}; if( !PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "\|sO", kwlist, &network, &argList)) return -1; // determine whether to use argv or built-in network if( argList != NULL && PyList_Check(argList) && PyList_Size(argList) > 0 ) { LogDebug(LOG_PY_INFERENCE "depthNet loading network using argv command line params\n"); // parse the python list into char const size_t argc = PyList_Size(argList); if( argc == 0 ) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_Exception, LOG_PY_INFERENCE "depthNet.__init()__ argv list was empty"); return -1; } char argv = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char) * argc); if( !argv ) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_MemoryError, LOG_PY_INFERENCE "depthNet.__init()__ failed to malloc memory for argv list"); return -1; } for( size_t n=0; n < argc; n++ ) { PyObject* item = PyList_GetItem(argList, n); if( !PyArg_Parse(item, "s", &argv[n]) ) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_Exception, LOG_PY_INFERENCE "depthNet.__init()__ failed to parse argv list"); return -1; } LogDebug(LOG_PY_INFERENCE "depthNet.__init__() argv[%zu] = '%s'\n", n, argv[n]); } // load the network using (argc, argv) Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS self->net = depthNet::Create(argc, argv); Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS // free the arguments array free(argv); } else { LogDebug(LOG_PY_INFERENCE "depthNet loading build-in network '%s'\n", network); // load the built-in network Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS self->net = depthNet::Create(network, DEFAULT_MAX_BATCH_SIZE); Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS } // confirm the network loaded if( !self->net ) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_Exception, LOG_PY_INFERENCE "depthNet failed to load network"); return -1; } // create an image capsule for the depth field self->depthField = PyCUDA_RegisterImage(self->net->GetDepthField(), self->net->GetDepthFieldWidth(), self->net->GetDepthFieldHeight(), IMAGE_GRAY32F, 0, true, false); self->base.net = self->net; return 0; } // Deallocate static void PyDepthNet_Dealloc( PyDepthNet_Object* self ) { LogDebug(LOG_PY_INFERENCE "PyDepthNet_Dealloc()\n"); // free the network SAFE_DELETE(self->net); // free the container Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free((PyObject)self); } #define DOC_PROCESS "Compute the depth field from a monocular RGB/RGBA image.\n" \ "The results can also be visualized if output image is provided.\n\n" \ "Parameters:\n" \ " input (capsule) -- CUDA memory capsule (input image)\n" \ " output (capsule) -- CUDA memory capsule (optional output image)\n" \ " colormap (string) -- colormap name (optional)\n" \ " filter (string) -- filtering used in upscaling, 'point' or 'linear' (default is 'linear')\n" \ "Returns: (none)" // Process static PyObject PyDepthNet_Process( PyDepthNet_Object* self, PyObject* args, PyObject kwds ) { if( !self \|\| !self->net ) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_Exception, LOG_PY_INFERENCE "depthNet invalid object instance"); return NULL; } // parse arguments PyObject input_capsule = NULL; PyObject* output_capsule = NULL; const char* colormap_str = "viridis"; const char* filter_str = "linear"; static char* kwlist[] = {"input", "output", "colormap", "filter", NULL}; if( !PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "O\|Oss", kwlist, &input_capsule, &output_capsule, &colormap_str, &filter_str)) return NULL; // get pointers to image data PyCudaImage* input_img = PyCUDA_GetImage(input_capsule); if( !input_img ) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, LOG_PY_INFERENCE "failed to get CUDA image from input argument"); return NULL; } if( output_capsule != NULL ) { const cudaColormapType colormap = cudaColormapFromStr(colormap_str); const cudaFilterMode filterMode = cudaFilterModeFromStr(filter_str); // get pointers to image data PyCudaImage* output_img = PyCUDA_GetImage(output_capsule); if( !output_img ) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, LOG_PY_INFERENCE "failed to get CUDA image from output argument"); return NULL; } bool result = false; Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS result = self->net->Process(input_img->base.ptr, input_img->width, input_img->height, input_img->format, output_img->base.ptr, output_img->width, output_img->height, output_img->format, colormap, filterMode); Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS if( !result ) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_Exception, LOG_PY_INFERENCE "depthNet.Process() encountered an error processing the image"); return NULL; } } else { bool result = false; Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS result = self->net->Process(input_img->base.ptr, input_img->width, input_img->height, input_img->format); Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS if( !result ) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_Exception, LOG_PY_INFERENCE "depthNet.Process() encountered an error processing the image"); return NULL; } } Py_RETURN_NONE; } #define DOC_VISUALIZE "Visualize the raw depth field into a colorized RGB/RGBA depth map.\n\n" \ "Parameters:\n" \ " output (capsule) -- output CUDA memory capsule\n" \ " colormap (string) -- colormap name (optional)\n" \ " filter (string) -- filtering used in upscaling, 'point' or 'linear' (default is 'linear')\n" \ "Returns: (none)" // Visualize static PyObject* PyDepthNet_Visualize( PyDepthNet_Object* self, PyObject* args, PyObject kwds ) { if( !self \|\| !self->net ) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_Exception, LOG_PY_INFERENCE "depthNet invalid object instance"); return NULL; } // parse arguments PyObject output_capsule = NULL; const char* colormap_str = "viridis"; const char* filter_str = "linear"; static char* kwlist[] = {"output", "colormap", "filter", NULL}; if( !PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "O\|ss", kwlist, &output_capsule, &colormap_str, &filter_str)) return NULL; // parse flags const cudaColormapType colormap = cudaColormapFromStr(colormap_str); const cudaFilterMode filterMode = cudaFilterModeFromStr(filter_str); // get pointers to image data PyCudaImage* output_img = PyCUDA_GetImage(output_capsule); if( !output_img ) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, LOG_PY_INFERENCE "failed to get CUDA image from output argument"); return NULL; } bool result = false; Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS result = self->net->Visualize(output_img->base.ptr, output_img->width, output_img->height, output_img->format, colormap, filterMode); Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS if( !result ) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_Exception, LOG_PY_INFERENCE "depthNet.Visualize() encountered an error processing the image"); return NULL; } Py_RETURN_NONE; } #define DOC_GET_NETWORK_NAME "Return the name of the built-in network used by the model.\n\n" \ "Parameters: (none)\n\n" \ "Returns:\n" \ " (string) -- name of the network (e.g. 'MonoDepth-Mobilenet', 'MonoDepth-ResNet18')\n" \ " or 'custom' if using a custom-loaded model" // GetNetworkName static PyObject* PyDepthNet_GetNetworkName( PyDepthNet_Object* self ) { if( !self \|\| !self->net ) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_Exception, LOG_PY_INFERENCE "depthNet invalid object instance"); return NULL; } return Py_BuildValue("s", self->net->GetNetworkName()); } #define DOC_GET_DEPTH_FIELD "Return a cudaImage object of the raw depth field.\n" \ "This is a single-channel float32 image that contains the depth estimates.\n\n" \ "Parameters: (none)\n\n" \ "Returns:\n" \ " (cudaImage) -- single-channel float32 depth field" // GetDepthField static PyObject* PyDepthNet_GetDepthField( PyDepthNet_Object* self ) { if( !self \|\| !self->net ) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_Exception, LOG_PY_INFERENCE "depthNet invalid object instance"); return NULL; } Py_INCREF(self->depthField); return self->depthField; } #define DOC_GET_DEPTH_FIELD_WIDTH "Return the width of the depth field, in pixels.\n\n" \ "Parameters: (none)\n\n" \ "Returns:\n" \ " (int) -- width of the depth field, in pixels" \ // GetDepthFieldWidth static PyObject* PyDepthNet_GetDepthFieldWidth( PyDepthNet_Object* self ) { if( !self \|\| !self->net ) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_Exception, LOG_PY_INFERENCE "depthNet invalid object instance"); return NULL; } return PYLONG_FROM_UNSIGNED_LONG(self->net->GetDepthFieldWidth()); } #define DOC_GET_DEPTH_FIELD_HEIGHT "Return the height of the depth field, in pixels.\n\n" \ "Parameters: (none)\n\n" \ "Returns:\n" \ " (int) -- height of the depth field, in pixels" \ // GetDepthFieldHeight static PyObject* PyDepthNet_GetDepthFieldHeight( PyDepthNet_Object* self ) { if( !self \|\| !self->net ) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_Exception, LOG_PY_INFERENCE "depthNet invalid object instance"); return NULL; } return PYLONG_FROM_UNSIGNED_LONG(self->net->GetDepthFieldHeight()); } #define DOC_USAGE_STRING "Return the command line parameters accepted by __init__()\n\n" \ "Parameters: (none)\n\n" \ "Returns:\n" \ " (string) -- usage string documenting command-line options\n" // Usage static PyObject* PyDepthNet_Usage( PyDepthNet_Object* self ) { return Py_BuildValue("s", depthNet::Usage()); } //your_sha256_hash--------------- static PyTypeObject PyDepthNet_Type = { PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0) }; static PyMethodDef PyDepthNet_Methods[] = { { "Process", (PyCFunction)PyDepthNet_Process, METH_VARARGS\|METH_KEYWORDS, DOC_PROCESS}, { "Visualize", (PyCFunction)PyDepthNet_Visualize, METH_VARARGS\|METH_KEYWORDS, DOC_VISUALIZE}, { "GetNetworkName", (PyCFunction)PyDepthNet_GetNetworkName, METH_NOARGS, DOC_GET_NETWORK_NAME}, { "GetDepthField", (PyCFunction)PyDepthNet_GetDepthField, METH_NOARGS, DOC_GET_DEPTH_FIELD}, { "GetDepthFieldWidth", (PyCFunction)PyDepthNet_GetDepthFieldWidth, METH_NOARGS, DOC_GET_DEPTH_FIELD_WIDTH}, { "GetDepthFieldHeight", (PyCFunction)PyDepthNet_GetDepthFieldHeight, METH_NOARGS, DOC_GET_DEPTH_FIELD_HEIGHT}, { "Usage", (PyCFunction)PyDepthNet_Usage, METH_NOARGS\|METH_STATIC, DOC_USAGE_STRING}, {NULL} /* Sentinel / }; // Register type bool PyDepthNet_Register( PyObject module ) { if( !module ) return false; PyDepthNet_Type.tp_name = PY_INFERENCE_MODULE_NAME ".depthNet"; PyDepthNet_Type.tp_basicsize = sizeof(PyDepthNet_Object); PyDepthNet_Type.tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT \| Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE; PyDepthNet_Type.tp_base = PyTensorNet_Type(); PyDepthNet_Type.tp_methods = PyDepthNet_Methods; PyDepthNet_Type.tp_new = NULL; /PyDepthNet_New;/ PyDepthNet_Type.tp_init = (initproc)PyDepthNet_Init; PyDepthNet_Type.tp_dealloc = (destructor)PyDepthNet_Dealloc; PyDepthNet_Type.tp_doc = DOC_DEPTHNET; if( PyType_Ready(&PyDepthNet_Type) < 0 ) { LogError(LOG_PY_INFERENCE "depthNet PyType_Ready() failed\n"); return false; } Py_INCREF(&PyDepthNet_Type); if( PyModule_AddObject(module, "depthNet", (PyObject*)&PyDepthNet_Type) < 0 ) { LogError(LOG_PY_INFERENCE "depthNet PyModule_AddObject('depthNet') failed\n"); return false; } return true; } ```
Samir Abdellaoui is the governor of Bizerte, the northernmost governorate in Tunisia. He was appointed by President Kais Saied following the removal of his predecessor from office, Mohamed Gouider, by the presidential decree number 102/2021, on 12 August 2021. Education Samir Abdellaoui has a license in judicial sciences from the University of Tunis. Personal life Abdellaoui was born in 1980. He is married and has one son. He is from Awled haffouz, Sidi Bouzid. References Governors of Tunisian governorates Tunis University alumni People from Sidi Bouzid 1980 births Living people
Dilipa fenestra is a butterfly found in the East Palearctic (East China, Northeast China, Korea) that belongs to the browns family. Description from Seitz D. fenestra Leech ( = Apatura chrysus Oberth.) (51c) is a singular species, red-brown being its prevailing ground-colour. In the male the forewing dusted witli blackish in the basal area, there being further a broad black oblique band from the costal margin to the second median branch, behind the band a round spot as in the female, at the hinder angle an elongate spot, anteriorly 2 transparent subapical spots; the distal margin edged with black. Hindwing also margined with black distally, with a median band composed of 6 black spots, the basal and hindmarginal areas grey dusted with black. Underside as in female, ground-colour of the forewing more yellow. West China: Omei-shan, Lufang; in July, very rare. — The second, but essentially different, known species of this genus, D. morgiana Westw., inhabits the mountains of North India and touches the Palaearctic territory only in the North-West (Kashmir). — Nothing is known of the habits. See also List of butterflies of Russia References Apaturinae Butterflies described in 1891
Chaudhry Altaf Hussain (Punjabi and ), was a Pakistani politician who served as the 19th Governor of Punjab, Pakistan in 1993 and again from 1994 and 1995. Previously, he had been member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from 1956 to 1958 and again from 1990 to 1993. He was then appointed as Governor of Punjab which he served for three years. Early life and family He was born on 28 May 1929 in a political family of Jhelum District to former politician Chaudhry Mohammad Awais. He is the brother of former Chief Justice of Lahore High Court and former tehsil nazim chaudhry javaid hussain. His son Chaudhry Farrukh Altaf and nephew Fawad Chaudhry currently serving as member of National Assembly of Pakistan. Political career He was first elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan in 1956 which he served till 1958. He participated in 1970 Pakistani general election from his constituency but defeated. In 1981, he joined the Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq Majlis-i-Shura and remained a member till 1985. He again participated in 1985 Pakistani general election as an independent candidate which he lost. In 1990, he joined Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP). He once again participated in 1990 Pakistani general election as a candidate of Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) and defeated Raja Mohammad Afzal of the Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI). In 1993, he was appointed Governor of Punjab, Pakistan where he served till July 1993. He was re-appointed in April 1994 where he remained in office till his death on 21 May 1995. References 1929 births 1995 deaths Pakistani MNAs 1955–1958 Pakistani MNAs 1990–1993 Pakistan People's Party MNAs Governors of Punjab, Pakistan People from Jhelum District 20th-century Pakistani lawyers Chaudhry family (Jhelum) Politicians from Jhelum
The New London County Courthouse is a historic courthouse located at 70 Huntington Street at the top of State Street in New London, Connecticut. It was built in 1784–86, and its design is attributed to Isaac Fitch. It is the oldest courthouse in Connecticut according to a plaque on the building, and the State of Connecticut Superior Court sits there. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970. Description and history The New London County Courthouse is prominently situated at the junction of State and Huntington Streets in downtown New London, Connecticut. It is a 2½ story wood-frame structure topped by a gambrel roof with an octagonal cupola at its center. Its exterior is seven bays wide and finished in wooden clapboards. Corners on the first floor are finished with wooden quoin blocks scored to resemble stone, while pilasters are used on the second floor corners. The central bay of the main facade is wider than the others and projects slightly, with a gabled top. The sides of this projection are finished similarly to the building corners. The main entrance is in the center, framed by quoin blocks, with a Palladian window in the second-story bay above. The courthouse was built in 1784, its design attributed to Isaac Fitch. It has served other purposes besides a courthouse, including a yellow fever hospital in the 1790s and a recruiting center for the Union Army during the American Civil War. Town meetings and other civic affairs were also held here for many years. An addition constructed in 1909 was designed by Dudley St. Clair Donnelly. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in New London County, Connecticut References External links Courthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Connecticut Government buildings completed in 1784 County courthouses in Connecticut Buildings and structures in New London, Connecticut National Register of Historic Places in New London County, Connecticut
Westfield College was a small college situated in Hampstead, London, from 1882 to 1989. It was the first college to aim to educate women for University of London degrees from its opening. The college originally admitted only women as students and became coeducational in 1964. In 1989, it merged with Queen Mary College. The merged institution was named Queen Mary and Westfield College until 2013, when the name was legally changed to Queen Mary University of London. History The college was founded in 1882 by Constance Louise Maynard (1849–1935) and Ann Dudin Brown with five students in Maresfield Gardens in Hampstead. Dudin Brown had intended to found a missionary school but she had been persuaded otherwise by Maynard and Mary Petrie. They worked with the Metcalfe sisters. In 1891 the now named "Westfield College" moved to purpose-built buildings in Kidderpore Avenue, Hampstead. Dudin Brown was the founding benefactress and council member from 1882 to 1917. Twentieth century 1902: Westfield College admitted as a School of the University of London in the Arts. 1915: University of London recognised the Botanical Laboratory for Honours work, allowing Westfield students to sit for Honours BSc as Internal students. 1927: Chapman Wing was completed. Decision taken to name individual college buildings. The Old Wing was renamed Maynard Wing, the New Wing was renamed Dudin Brown Wing, the new building was named Chapman Wing and the New Library was renamed Skeel Library. 1928: Westfield College confirmed as a School of the university. The Head of Westfield College was included among 9 Heads of Schools of the university to be members of the Senate. 1933: Grant of the Royal Charter, Incorporating the college. 1934: Coat of arms granted 15 February. 1939-1940: Westfield College relocated to St Peter's Hall, University of Oxford after war broke out. 1941: Many of the college buildings, including Old House, requisitioned by the Admiralty for training the Women's Royal Navy Service. 1945: Westfield College returned to London. 1960: Westfield College formally acknowledged by the University of London as a School in the Faculty of Science. 1961: New Science Building completed. Westfield College began offering degrees in Botany, Zoology, Physics and Chemistry. 1969: Computer Services established, connected through a data link to the new central university computer. 1971: New Caroline Skeel Library was completed. 1971: First students admitted to study Computer Science at the new Department of Computer Science and Computer Unit. 1972: New purpose built Halls of Residence in Kidderpore Hall completed. The University of London's Murray Report published, expressing concerns about the smaller colleges, and placed in question the future of Westfield College as an independent institution. 1982: Decision made to transfer the Science Faculty to Queen Mary College. 1984: Most of the Science Faculty including Physics, Chemistry, Botany and Biochemistry and Zoology, and 68 members of staff transferred to Queen Mary College in Mile End. Computer Science teaching was transferred to Kings College. In the mid-to-late 1980s, the University of London underwent considerable reorganisation, and many smaller colleges were merged. Consequently, Westfield was merged with Queen Mary College in 1989, forming Queen Mary and Westfield College. Most student accommodation, administrative offices and several academic departments continued to be based at the Hampstead campus until 1992, however, and the college retained its separate identity. The new, combined, college was finally located at Queen Mary's site in Mile End, East London from 1992 onwards. However, some departments moved to King's College London and many academic staff moved to other colleges, such as Royal Holloway College. A history of the college called Castle Adamant in Hampstead was published in 1983. Principals Constance Maynard, 1882–1913 Agnes de Selincourt, 1913–1917 Anne Wakefield Richardson, 1917–1919 Bertha Phillpotts 1919–1921 Eleanor Constance Lodge, 1921–1929 Dorothy Chapman, 1929–1939 Mary Stocks, 1939–1951 Kathleen Chesney, 1951–1962 Pamela Matthews, 1962–1965 Bryan Thwaites, 1965–1984 John E. Varey, 1984–1989 End and legacy King's College London took over the former Westfield site, which has been divided up over the years. The majority of the south side of the site (The Queen's Building and other teaching blocks) was demolished in the early 1990s to make way for The Westfield Apartments, a block of luxury private flats. The remainder of the south side (the Caroline Skeel Library, Ellison, Temple, Chesney and Stocks buildings) was used by King's College as student accommodation and as an archive. The north side of the site (Queen Mother Hall, Bay House, Old House, Maynard, Lady Chapman, Orchard I and II, Dudin-Brown and Skeel buildings) remains in use as student accommodation, with Orchard I and II renamed for Lord Cameron and Rosalind Franklin, respectively. Until 2005, the Old House was home to the London Jewish Cultural Centre. The Westfield College name was lost following the 2013 change of the merged institution's legal name to Queen Mary University of London. The new college's student accommodation complex (opened in 2004) is named the Westfield Student Village as a reminder of the history of Westfield College. Moreover, the Westfield Trust Prize, an academic cash prize given to outstanding undergraduate or postgraduates studying at Queen Mary, has been established in memory of the college. One of the university buildings, the non-denominational chapel built in 1929, was sold and became part of the Hampstead Manor development with its 156 homes of various types and sizes. Because it had deteriorated, the building was taken apart, re-built with modifications and renovated by the new owners. The chapel was on the market in early 2020 for £7.5 million. The Skeel Library, a Grade II listed property built in 1903–1904, also became part of the Hampstead Manor, and was also converted into a four bedroom family home. Gallery Alumni Bill Bailey, comedian Joyce M. Bennett, first Englishwoman to be ordained a priest in the Anglican Communion Rhys Bowen (née Janet Lee, married to John Quin-Harkin), author Jill Braithwaite (née Gillian Mary Robinson), archaeologist, diplomat and social reformer Margaret Graham Brooke, missionary Constance Bryant, missionary Mary Butts, writer Eleanora Carus-Wilson, economic historian Adrian Chiles, TV presenter Jane Coker, Judge of the Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber) Howard Colquhoun, chemist Sarah Frankcom, artistic director of the Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester Frances Gardner, cardiologist Margaret Gilmore, BBC journalist Jane Hawking, author, wife to Stephen Hawking Naomi Lewis, author David McCandless, information designer and author Andrea Newman, author Sylvia Payne, psychiatrist Martyn Rady, historian Jan Royall, Labour politician Eric Scerri, author, historian-philosopher of chemistry Richard Verrall, fascist Guy Walters, author Nesta Webster (née Nesta Bevan), fascist Ed Whitmore, screenwriter Zeng Baosun, teacher Sources References External links 2007 : Women@QM Project and Exhibition, a celebration of students and teachers Westfield College student lists Queen Mary University of London Former women's universities and colleges in the United Kingdom Educational institutions established in 1882 1882 establishments in England Former colleges of the University of London
Camarhynchus is a genus of birds in the tanager family Thraupidae. All species of Camarhynchus are endemic to the Galápagos Islands, and together with related genera, they are collectively known as Darwin's finches. Formerly classified in the bunting and American sparrow family Emberizidae, more recent molecular genetic studies have shown it to belong in the tanager family. Taxonomy and species list The genus Camarhynchus was introduced in 1837 by English ornithologist John Gould, with the large tree finch as the type species. The name combines the Ancient Greek kamara meaning "arch" or "vault" with rhunkhos meaning "bill". The members of the genus form part of a group collectively known as Darwin's finches. Although traditionally placed with the buntings and New World sparrows in the family Emberizidae, molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Darwin's finches are members of the subfamily Coerebinae within the tanager family Thraupidae. The genus contains five species. The vegetarian finch (Platyspiza crassirostris) has sometimes been included in this genus. References Bird genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Taxa named by John Gould
Ognjen Čančarević (; ; born 25 September 1989) is a professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Armenian Premier League club Alashkert. Born in Serbia, he plays for the Armenia national team. Club career Čančarević has previously played with FK Sloboda Užice, FK Zlatibor Užice, FK Sloga Bajina Bašta and FK Sevojno. He joined Radnički in summer 2009 and after playing two seasons in the Serbian First League they won promotion to the SuperLiga in 2011. Since 2018, he is Alashkert player. International career Čančarević was called up to the Serbia national team for a friendly match against United States on 29 January 2017. He remained on the bench with the match ending 0–0. After 5 years of living in Armenia, he received Armenian citizenship. In June 2023 he was called up to join Armenia, making his debut against Wales on 16 June 2023. Personal life His father Milan was also a professional footballer and so is his cousin Luka. Career statistics Club International Honours Club Alashkert Armenian Premier League (2): 2017–18, 2020–21 Armenian Cup (1): 2018–19 References External links 1989 births Living people Footballers from Užice Armenian men's footballers Armenia men's international footballers Serbian men's footballers Serbian emigrants to Armenia Armenian people of Serbian descent Men's association football goalkeepers FK Sloboda Užice players FK Sevojno players FK Radnički 1923 players OFK Beograd players FK Mladost Lučani players FK Radnik Surdulica players Serbian First League players Serbian SuperLiga players FC Alashkert players Armenian Premier League players Naturalized citizens of Armenia Naturalised association football players
Margaret Trevor Doyle (later Henderson) (1920 – 25 February 2002) was the first woman newsreader and national radio announcer in Australia. She commenced work with the Australian Broadcasting Commission in 1941 and her voice is preserved on the earliest surviving news item contained in the broadcaster's archive, which is a 1941 radio story on protecting active servicemen in World War II from creditors. Radio career Doyle had previously worked as a librarian and hostess at the Pickwick Book Club in Sydney before responding to an advertisement for radio announcers. Following an audition which included reading a weather report and a paragraph of news, she was appointed from a pool of 500 applicants. The choice of a female radio announcer was a deliberate wartime measure to enable men to leave employment and participate in World War II and had already been enacted by the British Broadcasting Commission. Personal life Doyle was the eldest daughter of Trevor Mervyn Doyle (born 26 April 1883) of Tamworth and Winifred Amy Doyle (née Szchille) (died 11 February 1957) of Sydney. She married the pastoralist George Wallace Henderson (died 2002) on 8 April 1941 and they lived on their property 'Rannoch', near Blayney. They did not have children. Philanthropic work The Hendersons were generous philanthropists and patrons of the arts, especially opera and music. They were involved in numerous scholarships and donations. In 1993, the Margaret Henderson Scholarship was established at the Sydney Conservatorium of Music from personal donations made by Doyle and, in 1996, she founded the Margaret Henderson Music Trust in Orange. Prior to her death in 2002, music students from the conservatorium would regularly visit to perform for Doyle in her nursing home in Kings Cross. The couple bequeathed sixteen million dollars to the Sydney Conservatorium of Music. It was the largest donation ever made to an Australian performing arts institution. References 1920 births 2002 deaths 20th-century Australian philanthropists Australian women philanthropists Radio and television announcers 20th-century women philanthropists
Mumbra is a town in Thane district in Western India in the state of Maharashtra, a Mumbai suburb within the Mumbai Metropolitan Region. It is administered by Thane Municipal Corporation. History Mumbra was a flourishing shipbuilding center in early times. Much of the land around Mumbra was agricultural land until 1975. Between 1968 and 1975, Mumbai experienced significant population growth and greater population density. Then, about 1975, Mumbra's agricultural land was urbanized. This signaled an expansion of the greater Mumbai area, which realized significant population growth in the 1980s. Wafa Hill's "A, B, C" was one of the first planned Thane Municipal Corporation (TMC) approved buildings developed in the 1990s. Which lead the foundation for urbanization in Mumbra. In 1991 there were about 44,000 people. After the riots of 1992 many Muslims fled Mumbai and settled in Mumbra; 10 Sq mile land was allotted by state Government under custody of state waqf board for resettlement of fled Muslims of different part of Mumbai. It is India's largest Muslim locality also known by India's largest Muslim Ghetto. Demographics The population of Mumbra was 9 lakhs as of 2012. More than 80% of Mumbra's residents are Muslim. Transport Bus service is available through the Thane Municipal Transport (TMT) and Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport (NMMT). Rail service is available at the Mumbra railway station on Central line, also called as mainline. Mumbra is from the Mumbai airport. The main source of Transport in Mumbra is Auto-Rickshaw. Mumbra didn't have any bus starting from Mumbra railway station and hence Auto-Rickshaws was the only possible conveyance. But now, TMT Thane Municipal Transport runs bus service starting from Mumbra Railway Station to Bharat gears company. State transport (MSRTC) operate regular bus service between Panvel, Bhiwandi, and Shil Phata. Gallery Mumbra is known for its green lavish mountains and waterfalls enhancing the beauty of the city. References External links Cities and towns in Thane district Suburbs of Mumbai
D37 is a state road in Banovina region of Croatia connecting Sisak, Petrinja and Glina. The road is long. The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, state owned company. Traffic volume Traffic is regularly counted and reported by Hrvatske ceste, operator of the road. Section of the road running through Sisak is not covered by the traffic counting sites, but the section is assumed to carry a substantial volume of urban traffic in addition to the regular D37 traffic. Road junctions and populated areas Maps Sources D037 D037
The Tanzania Scouts Association (TSA) is the national Scouting organization of Tanzania. Scouting in Tanzania was founded in 1917, and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) in 1963. The coeducational association has 538,933.members as of 2010. History Scouting in present Tanzania started in Zanzibar in 1912 and in mainland Tanganyika in 1917. The TSA became a member of WOSM in 1963. Main aim of Tanzanian Scout association is to promote self-reliance among the young generations. In 1984, Tanzania hosted the 6th Africa Region Scout Conference. Tanzanian president is the guardian of all scout organisations in the country. https://www.tanzaniascouts.or.tz/ Program Besides the traditional Scouting program, TSA is deeply involved in community development and has special programs for the prevention of AIDS. The aim of Scouting in Tanzania is to develop the spirit of Ujamaa and self-reliance. Ujamaa is the concept of family ties within the social order. The program emphasizes learning by doing, community development, and nature conservation, particularly in rural areas. Tanznaian president is the guardian of all scout organisations in the coutry. The badge system is entirely adapted to the interests and needs of Tanzanian Scouts. The highest award is the President's Scout. Charles Ambrose, Farhad Shivji and Shafik Fazal from the Aga Khan Scouts - 1st Dar-es-Salaam Group, were among the first ten Scouts to be awarded the President's Scout badge by the President of the Republic, Dr. Ali Hassan Mwinyi in August 1992 at Magila Village in Tanga region, the site where Lord Baden-Powell, founder of the Scout movement, enrolled the first Tanganyika Scouts in 1938. There is an active cooperation between Scouts and Girl Guides and with other youth organizations in celebrating national festivals, rendering services in villages and occasionally in courses, seminars and training camps. Scouts and Girl Guides often work together in community development projects, which are frequently supported by Scout organizations from other countries. One such project, with support from Norway, is establishing small rural industries and providing agricultural training. Religious factions Tanzania Catholic Conference of Scouting was affiliated in 2008. It comprises Catholic scouts from 34 dioceses of Catholic Church in Tanzania. TCCS is a member of International Catholic Conference of Scouting. The Islamic Scouts is a member of International Union of Muslim Scouts. Ideals Scout Motto The Scout Motto is Uwe Tayari, Be Prepared in Swahili. Scout Promise Kwa yamini yangu, naahidi kwamba nitajitahidi kadiri ya uwezo wangu, kutimiza wajibu wangu kwa Mungu na kwa Taifa langu, kuwasaidia watu siku zote, na kutimiza Kanuni za Skauti. On my honour, I promise that I will do my best, to do my duty to God and to my Nation; to help other people at all times and to keep the Scout Law. Scout Law Heshima ya Skauti ni kuaminiwa Skauti ni mzalendo kamili Skauti ni mtu wa kufaa na kusaidia wengine Skauti ni rafiki kwa wote na ndugu kwa kila Skauti Skauti ni mwenye adabu kamili Skauti ni mwenye huruma kwa viumbe Skauti ni mtiifu daima Skauti ni mchangamfu daima Skauti ni mwangalifu wa mali zake na za wengine pia Skauti ni safi katika mawazo, maneno, na matendo yake + Skauti si mjinga na mjinga sio skauti (ilisemwa na Baba wa Taifa Mwl. Nyerere) A Scout's honour is to be trusted A Scout is loyal to his nation A Scout is helpful to others A Scout is friendly to all and a brother to every Scout A Scout is courteous A Scout is kind to all creatures A Scout is obedient to his leaders A Scout is always cheerful A Scout is thrifty A Scout is clean in thought, word and deed Camping and training grounds Bahati Camp in Morogoro, 190 kilometers from Dar-es-Salaam, is the national training and camping grounds. The camp has some basic training and camping facilities, situated on a site between two rivers on Mount Uluguru. The association has other district camps, which are not developed. The association is involved in various community development programs. Emblem The national badge of the Tanzania Scouts Association features a Masai giraffe's head, a symbol in use since Tanzania was a colonial branch of British Scouting. See also The Tanzania Girl Guides Association References World Scout Bureau (1979), Scouting 'Round the World. 1979 edition. World Organization of the Scout Movement (1990), Scouting 'Round the World. 1990 edition. External links The Guardian (Dar es Salaam): Top national Scout officials accused of graft BBC news: Tanzania police probe Scout scam Official Webstite for Tanzania Scouts Association World Organization of the Scout Movement member organizations Scouting and Guiding in Tanzania Youth organizations established in 1919
The National Performing Arts Competition (), commonly abbreviated Sokayeti (), is an annual performing arts competition held in Myanmar since 1993. The competition is held in October of each year. Divisions The Sokayeti is divided into divisions, namely singing, dancing, composing, and instrumental performances, theatrical performances, marionette. and Burmese drama. Dances from ethnic minorities, including the Karen don dance have been included into the competition. Most competitors are from the National University of Arts and Culture, Yangon and Mandalay, the State School of Fine Arts, and other culture-oriented educational institutions. The divisions are divided into gender, and include: Singing Mahāgīta Old and contemporary songs Popular songs Dancing Dance Dramatic play - Suvaṇṇa Jātaka (သုဝဏ္ဏဇာတ်တော်ကြီ) Marionette Yokson (person, parrot, nat, mouse) Yokthe (prince, princess, ogre) Kwetseit (ကွက်စိပ်) Sutanu Jātaka (သုတနုဇာတ်) Scene of Rāhula Requesting Inheritance မွေခံထိုက်စေရိုးရာအမွေ Composing Amateur Level 1 Amateur Level 2 Professional Instrumental performances Burmese harp Pattala Piano Hsaing waing Hne Violin Hsaingwainggyi Ozi (အိုးစည်) Dobat (ဒိုးပတ်) Mandolin Guitar Donmin (ဒုံမင်း) Levels Competitors in each division are divided into 6 levels, according to age and ability: Amateur Level 1 Amateur Level 2 Professional Ages 15 to 20 Ages 10 to 15 Ages 5 to 10 References See also Burmese music Burmese dance Culture of Myanmar Mahagita Burmese music Music competitions Dance competitions Performing arts contests
A dependent-marking language has grammatical markers of agreement and case government between the words of phrases that tend to appear more on dependents than on heads. The distinction between head-marking and dependent-marking was first explored by Johanna Nichols in 1986, and has since become a central criterion in language typology in which languages are classified according to whether they are more head-marking or dependent-marking. Many languages employ both head and dependent-marking, but some employ double-marking, and yet others employ zero-marking. However, it is not clear that the head of a clause has anything to do with the head of a noun phrase, or even what the head of a clause is. In English English has few inflectional markers of agreement and so can be construed as zero-marking much of the time. Dependent-marking, however, occurs when a singular or plural noun demands the singular or plural form of the demonstrative determiner this/these or that/those and when a verb or preposition demands the subject or object form of a personal pronoun: I/me, he/him, she/her, they/them, who/whom. The following representations of dependency grammar illustrate some cases: Plural nouns in English require the plural form of a dependent demonstrative determiner, and prepositions require the object form of a dependent personal pronoun. In German Such instances of dependent-marking are a relatively rare occurrence in English, but dependent-marking occurs much more frequently in related languages, such as German. There, for instance, dependent-marking is present in most noun phrases. A noun marks its dependent determiner: The noun marks the dependent determiner in gender (masculine, feminine, or neuter) and number (singular or plural). In other words, the gender and number of the noun determine the form of the determiner that must appear. Nouns in German also mark their dependent adjectives in gender and number, but the markings vary across determiners and adjectives. Also, a head noun in German can mark a dependent noun with the genitive case. See also Constituent (linguistics) Dependency grammar Double-marking language Head (linguistics) Head-marking language Zero-marking language References Sources Ágel, V., L. Eichinger, H.-W. Eroms, P. Hellwig, H. Heringer, and H. Lobin (eds.) 2003/6. Dependency and valency: An international handbook of contemporary research. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. Nichols, J. 1986. Head-marking and dependent-marking grammar. Language 62, 1, 56-119. Nichols, J. 1992. Linguistic diversity in space and time. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Linguistic typology
Chris Tyle (born May 1955) is dixieland jazz musician who performs on cornet, trumpet, clarinet and drums. Career Tyle grew up in a musical family. His father, Axel Tyle (1912–1981), was a jazz drummer and member of the Portland, Oregon-based Castle Jazz Band. Tyle's first musical job was with Don Kinch's Conductors Ragtime (1976–1979). Kinch (1917–2011), played with Axel Tyle in the Castle Jazz Band in the late 1940s, and went on to work with the Turk Murphy Jazz Band and the Firehouse Five Plus Two. In 1979 Tyle played and recorded with the Turk Murphy Jazz Band in San Francisco, then returned to Portland to form a swing music band named Wholly Cats (named after a number written and recorded by Benny Goodman and Count Basie). The band was a popular fixture on the Portland scene from 1979–1984, releasing an album in 1982. After disbanding the group's vocalist and guitarist, Rebecca "Becky" Kilgore, went on to become a popular freelance artist and has made many recordings and festival appearances. Tyle moved to New Orleans in 1989, immediately becoming an in-demand performer with a number of groups, including Steve Pistorius's Mahogany Hall Stompers, Jacques Gauthe's Creole Rice Jazz Band, and John Gill's Dixieland Serenaders . He also worked with jazz greats Danny Barker (guitar) and Albert "Pud" Brown (clarinet/sax). In 1992 Tyle formed the Silver Leaf Jazz Band which worked six nights-a-week at the Royal Sonesta Hotel on Bourbon Street. In 2002 Tyle returned to the Pacific Northwest to pursue a freelance career. Up until 2015 he performed regularly with the Titanic Jazz Band of Los Angeles, Combo DeLuxe of Seattle/Tacoma, and "subbed" with Bob Schulz' Frisco Jazz Band of San Francisco and other West Coast traditional jazz bands. He also has frequently performed in Europe, most notably with the Gambit Jazzmen of England. In 2006 he became a member of the orchestra for the musical A la Recherche de Joséphine (Looking for Josephine), directed and written by Jérôme Savary, and starring Nicolle Rochelle. The show ran for six months in 2006-2007 at the Opéra-Comique in Paris, France, and has subsequently toured in France, performed in Vienna, the United States, and Lebanon. Tyle has made over 70 recordings with a variety of groups, including eight with his Silver Leaf Jazz Band. A song from his Silver Leaf Jazz Band album The Smiler (Stomp Off) was used in the PBS documentary Jazz. Another Silver Leaf Jazz Band album, New Orleans Wiggle (Jazzology), received the highest rating in the Penguin Guide to Jazz on CD 2003, one of only ten recordings in the book to receive this rating. In addition to musical performance, Tyle is a writer and educator. He has written many articles and is a contributor to Jazz Standards. He is a member of the International Association of Jazz Educators and the Jazz Journalists Association. Tyle moved to France in October 2015 and retired from full-time performance, due in part to a medical condition known as essential tremor which is exacerbated in performance situations. He continues to play clarinet at home. Selected discography Chris Tyle's Silver Leaf Jazz Band of New Orleans Streets and Scenes of New Orleans (Good Time Jazz/Concord) Jelly's Best Jam (Good Time Jazz/Concord) Great Composers of New Orleans Jazz (Good Time Jazz /Concord) New Orleans Wiggle (Jazzology) The Smiler (Stomp Off) Sugar Blues (Stomp Off) Turk Murphy Jazz Band A Natural High – Turk Murphy Jazz Band (Bainbridge) References 1955 births American jazz cornetists American jazz clarinetists American jazz saxophonists American male saxophonists American jazz drummers American jazz trumpeters American male trumpeters Dixieland jazz musicians Living people 20th-century American drummers American male drummers 21st-century American saxophonists 21st-century trumpeters 21st-century clarinetists 20th-century American male musicians 21st-century American male musicians American male jazz musicians
Justus Danckerts I (11 November 1635 in Amsterdam – 16 July 1701 in Amsterdam) was a Dutch engraver and print publisher who along with other members of the Danckerts family created one of the leading Dutch geographical map and atlas publishing houses. Biography Justus Danckerts was the son of Cornelis Danckerts I (1603–1656), who established the Danckerts cartographic family business in Amsterdam. After producing in the early 1680s over 20 folio-sized atlas maps, he published in 1686–1887 the first Danckerts atlas. In 1690, another 26-sheet geographical atlas was published; between 1698 and 1700, a 60-sheet atlas was completed. Its map sheets and plates were used by various publishers until the middle of the 18th century. Family His sons, Theodorus Danckerts I (1663–1727) and Cornelis Danckerts II (1664–1717) were prominent engravers and print makers, skillful in map plate engraving and etching. Plates William III., Prince of Orange; afterwards King of England. Casimir, King of Poland. Seven plates of the Gates of Amsterdam. Works Nova totus terrarum orbis tabula ex officina Iusti Danckerts, Amsterdam. 1680. Accuratissima Regnorum Sueciae, Daniae et Norvegiae Tabula. Danckerts, Amsterdam ca. 1700. digital Accuratissima Totius Regni Hispaniae Tabula. Danckerts, Amsterdam ca. 1700. digital Novissima et accuratissima XVII provinciarum Germaniæ inferioris tabula. Danckerts, Amsterdam ca. 1700. digital Novissima Regnorum Portugalliae et Algarbia Descriptio. Danckerts, Amsterdam ca. 1700. digital References 1635 births 1701 deaths Engravers from Amsterdam
Potassium channel subfamily K member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNK3 gene. This gene encodes K2P3.1, one of the members of the superfamily of potassium channel proteins containing two pore-forming P domains. K2P3.1 is an outwardly rectifying channel that is sensitive to changes in extracellular pH and is inhibited by extracellular acidification. Also referred to as an acid-sensitive potassium channel, it is activated by the anesthetics halothane and isoflurane. Although three transcripts are detected in northern blots, there is currently no sequence available to confirm transcript variants for this gene. Interactive pathway map Interactions KCNK3 has been shown to interact with YWHAB and S100A10. See also Tandem pore domain potassium channel References Further reading External links Ion channels
Saint Nectan's Glen (, meaning deep wooded valley of Nathan/Nectan) is an area of woodland in Trethevy near Tintagel, north Cornwall stretching for around one mile along both banks of the Trevillet River. The glen's most prominent feature is St Nectan's Kieve, a spectacular sixty foot waterfall through a hole in the rocks. The site attracts tourists who believe it to be "one of the UK's most spiritual sites," and tie or place ribbons, crystals, photographs, small piles of flat stones and other materials near the waterfall. History and buildings It is believed locally that, in the sixth century, Saint Nectan had a hermitage above the waterfall and rang a silver bell to warn ships of the dangers of offshore rocks at the mouth of the Rocky Valley during storms. However, this is myth concocted by Victorian romanticists such as R. S. Hawker and the valley has no religious connections save the remains of a monastery and a small chapel in nearby Trethevy dedicated to St Piran. The site was known as Nathan's Cave in 1799, named after a local character, either Nathan Williams or Nathan Cock. There is a late nineteenth or early twentieth century half-timbered private residence known as The Hermitage, constructed on the remains of an eighteenth century summer house or folly. Further downstream are the brick remains of St Gerwyn, a house which was destroyed in a fire in the mid-twentieth century. The supposed connection with St Nectan is a Victorian invention and the current use of the site as a place for depositing "sacred offerings" is a more recent invention. The even more recent fashion for calling the waterfall Merlin's Well has no basis in any local tradition. June 17 is the feast day of St Nectan. Flora and fauna As a result of the glen's flora and fauna it was designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest in 1985. The damp shade provided by the glen supports a rich bryophyte flora, including two rare liverworts Jubula hutchinsiae and Trichocolea tomentella, and the mosses Fissidens curnovii and Fissidens osmundoides. Dippers (Cinclus cinclus) also nest in the rocks near Saint Nectan's Kieve. Ownership and access The site is privately owned but there is free public access to the glen. A charge is made to visit the waterfall. In 2011 the Friends of St Nectan's Glen attempted to raise enough money to buy the site of 14 acres from the owner Barry Litton. A guide price of £800,000 was set by the estate agents. The site and adjacent café were purchased in 2012 by Guy Mills, a business park owner who said that his intention was to maintain it as "a place of inward reflection and self-realisation for everyone to enjoy". The café reportedly attracted 10,000 visitors a year, before its recent refurbishment under the new owners. See also Clootie well References https://www.historic-uk.com/CultureUK/The-Legend-of-St-Nectan/ External links Saint Nectan Saint Nectan Saint Nectan Saint Nectan
Fox Island is an island and census-designated place (CDP) in Pierce County, Washington, United States, in Puget Sound. It is located approximately 5 miles (8 km) from Gig Harbor. The island was named Fox by Charles Wilkes during the United States Exploring Expedition, to honor J.L. Fox, an assistant surgeon on the expedition. The population was 3,633 at the 2010 census. Geography Fox Island is located at (47.244053, -122.619906). There is a dock on the north side of the island. The waters around the island are used for fishing and scuba diving. According to the United States Census Bureau, the census-designated place has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it (18.31%) is water. Fox Island is separated from the mainland by Hale Passage to the north. The Fox Island Bridge crosses that passage to connect the road network to the mainland at Artondale. A small inhabited island named Tanglewood lies just off Fox Island along the Hale Passage; it was included as part of the Fox Island CDP for the 2010 Census. To the southwest, Carr Inlet separates Fox Island from McNeil Island. History The island was part of the territory of the Steilacoom people, a Coast Salish tribe. In 1792, during the Vancouver Expedition, Peter Puget led an exploration party through southern Puget Sound. After an encounter with local Native tribes ended with Puget ordering a musket fired as warning, the exploration party retreated to Fox Island, where they made camp for the night. In 1856, during the Puget Sound War, most of the Puyallup and "non-hostile" Nisqually Indians, totaling about 500 people, were removed from their homelands and displaced to Fox Island. John Swan was assigned to supervise the internment camp and distribute food rations provided by the government (territorial government). On January 5, 1856, Chief Leschi and other "hostile" Indians arrived at Fox Island with a flotilla of canoes. Trusting Swan, they had come to talk about the war and how to resolve it. While the hostile Indians were on Fox Island, Captain Maurice Maloney took the steamship Beaver to the island, hoping to rescue Swan, but forgot to bring landing craft and was unable to send men ashore. Before Maloney could figure out what to do, Swan came to the shore and paddled a canoe to the Beaver. He told Maloney that there had been no violence, urged him to not come ashore, and said he had promised to return to the island, which he did. Maloney returned to Steilacoom and, along with other military officers, took another steamship, the USS Active from Steilacoom to Seattle to get a howitzer (which they failed to acquire), then back to Fox Island, hoping to capture Chief Leschi. But by the time the Active returned, more than 30 hours after Leschi had arrived on Fox Island, the hostile Indians had left. By August 1856 the war was essentially over. Governor Isaac Stevens went to the Indian encampment on Fox Island to renegotiate the 1854 Treaty of Medicine Creek, which had been a major factor in the outbreak of war. Stevens agreed to new, larger reservations for both the Puyallup and Nisqually tribes. The first non-Indians settled on Fox island in 1856, just after the war ended. One of the first real estate transactions was in 1881 when 56.5 acres (22.6 hectares) were sold for $118. By 1908 there were about 60 homes scattered across the island. The most important change to this community happened in 1954 when the Fox Island Bridge was completed, connecting Fox Island to the mainland. This allowed easy access to businesses, schools, and medical facilities outside the island. During the construction a historical Indian canoe was found preserved in the mud, which can be visited in the Fox Island history museum. In 1956 the population of the island was 120, by 2000 it had grown to more than 2,800. Cartoonist Gary Larson visited Fox Island frequently as a child. He has called Fox Island a "wondrous place" and credits the island's swamps and wildlife with inspiring his interest in nature. On April 29, 1988, at 6 PM local time, a nuclear-powered US Navy submarine, the USS Sam Houston (SSBN-609), ran aground on Fox Island while operating in nearby Carr Inlet. The ship remained aground for approximately 10 hours until high tide returned and tugboats were brought in to unstick the ship. No damage was done to the island, and the ship entered a drydock at the Bangor Naval Submarine Base for minor repairs to its hull. In recent years, Fox Island has become a wealthy exurb of Tacoma, largely because of the amount of waterfront property on the island and because of the island's location between the Olympic Mountains and Mount Rainier; a large number of the island's residential properties have views. Based on per capita income, one of the more reliable measures of affluence, Fox Island ranks 29th of the 522 ranked areas in the state of Washington. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 2,803 people, 1,048 households, and 847 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 536.3 people per square mile (206.9/km2). There were 1,150 housing units at an average density of 220.0/sq mi (84.9/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 94.08% White, 0.64% African American, 0.75% Native American, 1.64% Asian, 0.14% Pacific Islander, 0.39% from other races, and 2.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.86% of the population. There were 1,048 households, out of which 36.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.4% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.1% were non-families. 15.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 2.97. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 27.3% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 31.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.0 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $69,135, and the median income for a family was $72,284. Males had a median income of $61,208 versus $39,821 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $32,533. About 1.7% of families and 3.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.0% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over. See also List of islands of Washington (state) References External links FICRA.org - Fox Island Community and Recreation Association (FICRA) Website FoxIslandwa.net - Fox Island, WA News & Community Website Census-designated places in Pierce County, Washington Census-designated places in Washington (state) Islands of Washington (state) Populated places on Puget Sound Islands of Pierce County, Washington Islands of Puget Sound
Ptychobarbus kaznakovi is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Tibet. Footnotes Freshwater fish of China Cyprinid fish of Asia Fish described in 1903 Taxa named by Alexander Nikolsky
The Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (VDACS) is an agency of the Commonwealth of Virginia that is responsible for promoting the economic growth and development of Virginia's agricultural sector. It also provides environmental protection services and consumer protection programs. The department is supervised and directed by the Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Services. The current Commissioner is Joseph W. Guthrie, who was appointed on January 15, 2022. He is Virginia's 18th Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Guthrie is a sixth generation Virginia farmer, who owned and operated a beef cattle and hay farm in Pulaski County on farmland that has been in his family since 1795. Since 2007, he served as a Senior Instructor at Virginia Tech and taught courses in business management, finance, communications, and leadership in the Agricultural Technology Program. Prior to his appointment, he served the residents of Pulaski County on the Board of Supervisors since 2015, and was elected board chair in 2020 and 2021. He was also elected to a four-year term on the Pulaski County School Board in 2011. Guthrie has served as the president of Virginia Tech's College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Faculty Association, president of Pulaski County Farm Bureau, and president of the Virginia Cattlemen's Association. He was appointed by USDA Secretary Tom Vilsack to the National Cattlemen's Beef Promotion and Research Board and was appointed by former Governor Bob McDonnell to the Virginia Cattle Industry Board. Organization The department is under the direction and supervision of a Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Services, who is appointed by the Governor of Virginia. The department is located within the Governor's Secretariat of Agriculture and Forestry, which is under the direction of the Governor's Cabinet Secretary of Agriculture and Forestry. Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Services Deputy Commissioner Animal and Food Industry Services Division Consumer Services Division Marketing and Development Division Commodity Services Division See also United States Department of Agriculture References External links Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services homepage Agriculture, Department of State departments of agriculture of the United States State environmental protection agencies of the United States
Dodwell & Co. () or Dodwell's, was one of the leading British merchant firms, or hongs, active in China and Japan during the 19th and 20th century. It was a direct rival to Jardine, Matheson & Co. History W.R. Adamson and Company – The forerunner of Dodwell & Co. The forerunner of Dodwell & Co., W.R. Adamson and Company, was founded as a result of the efforts of a group of Cheshire weavers who needed to increase supplies of raw silk for their mills. On their behalf, William R. Adamson arrived in Shanghai in 1852. In 1858 he set up his own firm, W.R. Adamson and Company, in London, with its head office in Shanghai and branches in Hong Kong, Fuzhou and Hankou. It was the first of the British merchant firms to venture into Japan, opening a branch in Yokohama in the early 1860s. W.R. Adamson and Company built up an export business in tea and silk, and also a general import business, and began to acquire shipping agencies. The name changed in 1867 to Adamson, Bell and Company, when Frederick Hayley Bell joined the company. In 1872, the firm appointed a shipping clerk in its Shanghai office named George Benjamin Dodwell (1851–1925). He was 20 years old, born in Derby and quickly rose to prominence in the company, playing an important part in its expansion throughout the Far East. By 1876 Adamson Bell and Company's tea shipments were only marginally behind those of Jardine, Matheson & Co and Butterfield and Swire. Dodwell also secured in 1887 the agency for chartering and managing ships on behalf of the Canadian Pacific Railway between Hong Kong and Vancouver (Canada), thus establishing the first regular steamship line across the Pacific. The formation of Dodwell & Co. and its expansion till the Second World War When in 1886 Adamson decided to retire and return to England he also withdrew his capital and Bell was left in control. Because of the lack of the former cash resources and the practical experience of Adamson the company soon ran into severe financial difficulties and faced bankruptcy from March 1890. Dodwell, together with A.J.H. Carlill, saw their chance to take over the business activities of their moribund employer and formed Dodwell, Carlill and Company on 1 May 1891. The head office of the new company was set up in London. By this stage the firm had branches in China and Japan, the Pacific coast of Canada and the United States and from 1912 New York City. Shipping agency and tea trading were major concerns. Having lost again the Canadian Pacific contract in 1892, Dodwell secured another trans-Pacific contract with an American railroad company, the Northern Pacific Railway, and by the turn of the century could claim to be the largest shipping firm on the Pacific coast. Dodwell was a large exporter of China and Japanese teas, which they sold especially to Britain, the United States and from 1901 to Russia. When demand began to shift towards Indian teas, Dodwell opened a branch in Colombo in Ceylon (today Sri Lanka) in 1897 to purchase and sell Ceylon teas. In 1898 George Benjamin Dodwell and his partners decided to transform the business into a Private Limited Liability Company. From 1 January 1899 the company began to operate as Dodwell & Company Limited with a capital of £500,000. By its articles Dodwell was elected Chairman for life. The same year he retired from the East and returned to London. There George Benjamin Dodwell not just oversaw the further development of Dodwell & Co. but diversified his business activities and was chairman of the Malacca Rubber Plantation Company. From the turn of the century on to the First World War, tea sales declined and general merchandising and the shipping agencies became more important. Branches initially opened for shipping agency or tea trading often developed other activities. The Vancouver branch invested in salmon canneries, developing a business exporting canned salmon to Britain and elsewhere. In the United States the Tacoma branch exported lumber and together with the Seattle branch helped develop a local flour milling industry. The Colombo branch diversified from tea trading to the export of coconuts. It established a desiccating mill in 1910 and acquired a number of tea and coconut plantations. Japan also became more important to the company. Dodwell & Co. acted as the exclusive agent for the chartering of ships by the Japanese government during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05. Its Japanese trading business expanded further through the export of coal to Singapore and Shanghai, and the shipment of Japanese straw braid from Kobe for Europe. Dodwell & Co. also helped with opening of the new port of Yokkaichi to further its export of Japanese porcelain. During the First World War Dodwell's shipping business boomed with the chartering, bunkering, and sale of Japanese steamers to the Allied powers. In 1919 Dodwell & Co. reached a peak of success. The capital of the company had doubled and the trading profit achieved record levels unsurpassed until 1947. The inter-war period and the Second World War The inter-war period was marked by grim economic conditions. After the First World War the increasing success of Japanese companies in the struggle for a share of the world's trade, made it more interesting for them to deal directly with customers and suppliers in foreign countries. Middlemen import and export traders and ship charteres like Dodwell's had to adapt accordingly. In 1927 Dodwell & Co., now headed by Carlill after the death of his founding partner in 1925, decided to stop to trade on its own account. Instead Dodwell & Co. would act only as agent for other companies selling to Japanese buyers. The decline of the value of the Chinese Dollar to zero and an ill judged investment in the Shanghai company Sanitas Mineral Water Factory in 1932 contributed to the substantial losses of Dodwell & Co. in the 1930s. At the same time the Shanghai tea trade was losing heavily. Between 1920 and 1938 Dodwell & Co. paid dividends just on three occasions (1923, 1937 and 1938). The company survived this difficult time only because it had built up a large reserve fund of nearly £300.000 during the prosperous first two decades of the twentieth century. Only the recovery of most of the branches of Dodwell & Co. from 1938 onwards ensured that the company was well placed to face the upheavals of the Second World War, including shipping losses and the liquidation of their entire Japanese holdings by the authorities in 1941. The post war years and the loss of independence Following the End of the Second World War, Dodwell's offices in Hong Kong and Japan had to be re-opened. As a consequence of the 1949 Chinese Revolution the company was forced to close down all branches in Mainland China. Dodwell & Co. had to look elsewhere overseas for new markets. Soon new branches were established in the Philippines, Australia, New Zealand and East Africa. Also in 1948, a joint venture was set up in India together with the Indian company Salem & Co., selling electrical equipment and steel tubing from Germany. Post-war recovery in Hong Kong and Japan was rapid, and the company began to expand in new directions, including rubber and textiles. By way of example, Dodwell & Co. was one of the fifteen members of the Association of Hong Kong Rubber Footwear Importers, supplying wellingtons, ankle boots and plimsolls with distinctive red "Dodca Empire Made" rubber labels to British retail outlets during the 1950s and the early 1960s. The brand name "Dodca" appears to have derived from the surnames of the company's two founders Dodwell and Carlill, while Hong Kong rubber footwear manufacturers routinely labelled their exported products "Empire Made" before the 1970s. Dodwell & Co. also expanded into motor vehicles. Dodwell Motors, a subsidiary, was formed in Hong Kong after the war. It amalgamated in 1969 with Inchcape's Metro cars to form Metro-Dodwell Motors Limited, which took over all British Leyland franchises in Hong Kong. From the mid-1950s, Dodwell & Co. specialised as buying agents for department and chain stores throughout the world, opening their own retail stores in some places, including Kenya and Hong Kong (franchise of Marks & Spencer and later BHS). In 1972 the whole share capital of Dodwell & Co. Limited was acquired by Inchcape and Company Limited, which maintained Dodwell as a quasi-independent company for some time. Only when a combination of factors plunged Inchcape into its two most difficult years ever, 1994 and 1995, much of Dodwell & Co. was sold off in separate parts. In 1995 the buying agent business of Dodwell & Co. was sold as part of Inchcape Buying Services to the smaller competitor Li & Fung Ltd. (Hong Kong). The shipping service of Dodwell & Co. had been integrated into the newly formed Inchcape Shipping Services (ISS) in 1993, which was purchased by Electra Investment Trust Plc, a British investment group in 1999. In January 2006 Electra sold ISS to Istithmar PJSC, a major investment house based in Dubai (United Arab Emirates). The extensive interests in business-machine trading in Hong Kong, Japan and many other Far Eastern countries, which Dodwell & Co had established by the 1970s, were also hived off. Inchcape, since 1999 solely focused on the sale of motor vehicles, only retained the motor car business of Dodwell & Co.. Premises Dodwell & Co. had its Head Office from 1891 to 1903 at "Dock House", Billiter Street and thereafter at 24, St. Mary Axe, both City of London (London, England). See also S. H. Dodwell History of Hong Kong History of Jardine, Matheson & Co. Inchcape plc Jardine, Matheson & Co List of trading companies The Hongs Further reading Geoffrey Jones: "Merchants to Multinationals – British Trading Companies in the nineteenth and twentieth Centuries", Oxford University Press, Oxford 2000, Jones, Stephanie: "Two Centuries of Overseas Trading: The Origins and Growth of the Inchcape Group", The Macmillan Press, Basingstoke 1986, King, Frank H.H.: "George Benjamin Dodwell (1851-1925)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, first published 2004, online edition Oct 2006: Matheson Connell, Carol: "A Business in Risk – Jardine Matheson and the Hong Kong Trading Industrie", Praeger Publishers, West Port, 2004, Warde, Edmund: "The House of Dodwell – A century of achievement – 1858–1958", Dodwell & Company Limited, Printed by W. Chudley & Sons Limited, Exeter 1958 Waters, Dan: "Hong Kong Hongs with Long Histories and British Connections", Paper presented at the 12th Conference of the International Association of Historians of Asia, at Hong Kong University (June 1991) Records of "Dodwell and Company Limited" are to be found at the "London Metropolitan Archives" External links Details of the physical location of "Dodwell and Company Limited" records at the "London Metropolitan Archives" Picture of the house flag of Dodwell & Co. at the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London Waters, Dan: "Hong Kong Hongs with Long Histories and British Connections", Paper presented at the 12th Conference of the International Association of Historians of Asia, at Hong Kong University (June 1991) References British Hong Kong Companies established in 1858 Defunct companies of Hong Kong History of foreign trade in China History of Hong Kong Trading companies 1858 establishments in England British companies established in 1858 1972 mergers and acquisitions
Mirovka () is a rural locality (a selo) in Rostashevskoye Rural Settlement, Paninsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 67 as of 2010. There are 2 streets. Geography Mirovka is located 13 km southwest of Panino (the district's administrative centre) by road. Rostashevka is the nearest rural locality. References Rural localities in Paninsky District
Les Salles () is a commune in the Loire department in central France. Geography Les Salles is a part of the Forez region and is located to the extreme west of the Loire department. The territory represents an area of 2521 ha. The territory is composed of: A border and mountainous forest in the northwest in the foothills of the Massif des Bois Noirs.*The gently sloping hills in the central area (La Goutte Le Bourg-Méranges). Extensive flat areas in the southeast (Les Bataillouse, La Plagnette). The highest elevation of the territory is located in St Thomas Wood at 963 m. The lowest elevation is 652 m at Le Lac. Hydrography The main rivers are the Royon stream, the stream of La Goutte and the stream of Bareille which will combine to form further down the stream of Les Salles. The village is dotted with many lakes: La Goutte, Royon, La Plagnette, Goutoule, Guirande, St. Claude, Relange, Rullion, Traversieres ... Note also the presence of peatlands, the most extensive is located at Souillat. Geology The basement is largely granitic (type monzogranite) with a limestone area on the side of Fialins and Fours à Chaux (calcareous tufa element) Sights Druidic stones: La Pierre Branlante, La Pierre du Sacrifice. Méranges, place the oldest city: in 982 in the cartulary of Savigny. The Roman road Clermont-Lyon (Les Meaudres- Le Bourg-La-Croix-Blanche-Relange- L'Étrat) The church dating from the 12th century (one of the oldest in the region). The St Roch chapel, built in the 1630s following a vow made by the inhabitants of Les Salles and Cervières during the plague epidemic. The Underground: The Village (presbytery), Chapt, Fauchemagne, Le Lac, Coavoux, La Cure, Méranges ... (ref: GRAL surveys) Fortified Farms: Relange, Rullion, Le Verdier Castles: La Goutte, Les Serrots, Chapt Places legendary: tomb of Mona, the rock of the Mule. History The earliest citation of the name of the town dates from about the year 1000 in the cartulary of Savigny: Ecclesia de Sales. Found in another edition of this book even a citation in 1225: Ecclesia de Salis and 1361: Sancti Petri di Salis. Until the Revolution the town was called St Pierre des Salles. Origin of name The experts are somewhat divided on the origin of the name - To Dauzat name comes from the Germanic word "Saal" room - Similarly for Louis Pierre Augereau, the name comes from the word "room" in which former French designated the seat of a lordship, a mansion or a fortified house. This word derives from late Latin "sala" after borrowing from Frankish "sal" which resulted in German, "Saal" bedroom castle. - To Vachet it derive from the Latin "olla" pots, jars, even "Aula": courtyard home - Others see a merger with St. Francois de Sales. - Some derive the name from the Latin "Saltus" wooded place - Another theory derives the name "Willow" and especially his translation of Germanic "Salt" - Charles Jacquet, local historian, makes about him, the Assuming an origin linked to the Latin word "sala" which in his time meant hotellerie, tavern. It refers to a bridge located along the Roman road Lyon - Bordeaux happening in the town and that was somehow behind the village. Still, to date, no explanation is unanimous. Les Bataillouses: In November 1567, a group of Protestants, led by Poncenat is defeated by the Catholics of the Marquis de La Chabre . This battle cost the lives of some 300 soldiers. (ref: Les guerres religieuses en Auvergne - Andre IMBERDIS) Administration Previous mayors: Joseph Brunet Charles Pilonchery Philippe Godard Current mayor: Jean-Hervé Peurière Population Personaltities Etienne Francois of Kair Blumestein (1712–1799): Inspector of Mines, German origin. He established in 1730 to drop a smelter to process the lead extracted from its mines Champoly and Juré. He bought the La Goutte castle in 1753 to live in. Jean Baptiste Francois Kair of Blumestein (1759–1854): Officer, Knight of St. Louis and engineer of the Highways. He took over from his father Etienne to exploit lead in La Goutte. He was the first mayor of LEs Salles in 1791, and was then mayor of Lezoux from 1806 to 1830. Francois Gilbert Planche (1866–1924), engineer, industrialist and member of the Hautes-Alpes, whose family hails from the hamlet of Coavoux. A man of action, it has invested in railways in the mining and electric power. He is considered one of the "fathers of the hydro-electricity in the Alps. Sports clubs Football : ASCLS (Association Sportive Chausseterre Les Salles) created in 1973. Colors Yellow and Blue. See also Communes of the Loire department References Communes of Loire (department)
Accettura is a town and comune in the province of Matera, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata. It is bounded by the comuni of Calciano, Campomaggiore, Cirigliano, Oliveto Lucano, Pietrapertosa, San Mauro Forte and Stigliano. Geography The territory is half covered by forests and pastures. Around the commune there are the Manche, Gallipoli, Montepiano, Vallefredda and Tempacortaglie mountains. Accettura is above sea level and is bordered to the north with the comunes of Campomaggiore and Calciano, to the east with Oliveto Lucano and San Mauro Forte, to the south with Stigliano and Cirigliano, and to the west with Pietrapertosa (PZ). Etymology The term, according to some, is derived from the theme of the word "acceptor", which in Latin is Accipiter. For others, it stems from the symbol of the country, to accept a small plot of land, etc. History The first official mention of Accettura in documents was by Pope Nicholas II in 1060, who sent a document sent to the bishop of Tricarico, referring to it as "Achitorem". Situated in the Appennino Lucano in the Gallipoli-Cognato Park, was founded in the 10th century after the local population had abandoned three neighbouring villages. Nowadays the population work mainly in agriculture, stock-breeding and tourism. In the tenth century was a feudal territory of Montescaglioso. In 1272, the town was completely destroyed by fire. Shortly after, Charles I of Anjou ordered its reconstruction. Throughout its history, Accettura was owned by several families: Bazzano, Della Marra, the Ponsiaco, the Carafa, and the Spinelli who held it until the late nineteenth century. Main sights Religious buildings Church of the Annunciation - a church in the Baroque style, was rebuilt on an existing building. Inside, is a wooden statue of the Madonna with Jesus from about the sixteenth century and a painting of that period, depicting the same subject. Also of interest is the window of the church, dating from the fourteenth century. Cathedral Church of St. Nicola - Dated to before the fifteenth century, it has undergone numerous periods of renovation. Of particular interest is the bell cast in 1611 by Gaspare di Missanello, the wooden crucifix (15th century), the wooden statues of San Antonio (16th century), San Julian, Santa Filomena, San Pasquale (mid-eighteenth century) and a canvas of Mary Magdalene (late 18th century). Church of St. Antonio - Used to be a Franciscan friary. It has preserved paintings of the seventeenth century, probably of the Pietrafesa. Chapel of Saint Giovanni e Paolo, in Valdienna. Chapel of Santa Maria - Dating back to the eighteenth century in Ermoli. Church of St. Chiara de Gallipoli - It preserves paintings which date back to the sixteenth century. Other buildings Palaces of the noble families Amodio, Spagna and Nota. Masseria Spagna and Masseria De Luca -fortified farms dated to the eighteenth century. Natural attractions Montepiano woods cover the territory of four communes in this region of Italy, Accettura, Cirigliano, Stigliano and Pietrapertosa. Inside were found numerous remains of fortifications, some of them as old as the third of fourth century BC. Gallipoli-Cognato Forest Reserve - a nature reserve which is located in the archaeological area of Monte Croccia, which has preserved remains of walls dating to the sixth and seventh centuries BC. Serra Rosa. There are ruins of a castle and other medieval buildings. The Museo dei culti arborei is located in Accettura and houses an exhibition of paintings, collections of photographs and video of the May festival in Accettura held every year, and tools typical of farming and forestry in the area. The museum offers texts and information on the anthropological and social rituals and the ancient traditions associated with the "cult of beautiful trees" of this area. Economy The economy is mainly based on livestock and cereal crops (affecting 73% of cultivated land). The industrial sector is composed mainly of construction or manufacturing companies and is noted for its production of bricks and tiles, produced traditionally in an old furnace. There are also food companies and a service sector, which relies primarily on retail sales of furniture and food. The town has numerous restaurants and primitive tourism. Notable people Sebastiano Paradiso, painter and sculptor Concetta Carestia Lanciaux Francesco Pesce, sculptor References Sources Cities and towns in Basilicata
Nayak: The Real Hero () is a 2001 Indian Hindi-language political action film directed by S. Shankar and produced by A. M. Rathnam under the Sri Surya Movies banner. The film stars Anil Kapoor, with Rani Mukerji, Amrish Puri, Paresh Rawal, and Johnny Lever playing supporting roles. A remake of Shankar's 1999 Tamil-language film Mudhalvan, it focuses on Shivaji Rao Gaekwad (Kapoor), a television cameraman and, later, television presenter, who accidentally hears and records the conversation between the police with the Chief Minister of Maharashtra Balraj Chauhan (Puri) to take an indifferent stand during riots triggered by a fight between college students and a bus driver. While interviewing Chauhan about the issues, Shivaji is challenged to take over his job for a day. Nayak was announced in June 2000 and marked the first Hindi-language directorial venture of Shankar. The soundtrack was composed by A. R. Rahman, with lyrics that were written by Anand Bakshi. Filming was done by K. V. Anand, taking place in more than 100 locations across India. The film was released on 7 September 2001. A commercial failure, it grossed at the box office against the total production and marketing cost of . It was opened to mixed reviews from critics, some of whom applauded the storyline, the performances (particularly Kapoor, Puri and Rawal), Shankar's direction and the movie's themes and social message but criticised its lengthy duration, editing, pace and special effects. Through repeated television airings, Nayak has since become a cult classic. Plot Shivaji Rao Gaekwad is an ambitious television cameraman, working for QTV along with his friend Topi. While on his job, Rao is assigned to record riots triggered by a fight between college students and a bus driver and accidentally records a conversation in which the Chief Minister of Maharashtra Balraj Chauhan takes an indifferent stand, so as not to lose his voter base. In the riots, Shivaji saves the life of one of the college students there, and it is recorded by Topi. Because of his actions, Shivaji is promoted as the senior television presenter. Meanwhile, due to police inaction, there is loss of life and damage to property. Explaining his actions, Chauhan later agrees to do a live interview with Shivaji, during which Rao raises these issues and broadcasts the conversation he has recorded. In response to Shivaji's allegations about the mismanagement by his government, Balraj redirects the question by saying that his job is not easy. He challenges Shivaji to be the Chief Minister for a day to experience those problems himself. Shivaji reluctantly accepts the challenge. Assisted by Bansal, Shivaji handles issues that affect the populace every day. He manages affordable housing and employment for the needy, and he suspends inefficient and corrupt government officials. As the last act of the day, Rao has Chauhan arrested, as the latter is the root cause of all the corruption. Later, Chauhan posts bail and leaves jail, then passes an ordinance to nullify all orders passed by Shivaji. Insulted by Shivaji's success as well, Chauhan sends assassins after him, but they only destroy his house. Shivaji falls in love with Manjari, a naïve, carefree villager whom he met when he was a cameraman. He asks her father to marry her, but her father refuses on the grounds that Shivaji is not employed by the government. As a result, Shivaji begins preparing for the Civil Services Examination. However, Bansal arrives and informs Rao that Shivaji's popularity has skyrocketed and that people want him to become the next Chief Minister. He is reluctant at first, but when Chauhan's henchmen vandalise QTV premises to intimidate him, and the people show their support by thronging to his place in huge numbers, he agrees to do so. In the ensuing state elections, Shivaji wins by a vast majority. Chauhan's political allies desert him, causing his defeat. Manjari's father, angered by Shivaji's decision because he believes that it will make Shivaji careless of Manjari, refuses to let his daughter marry him. On becoming the Chief Minister, Shivaji effects many improvements and quickly becomes an idol in the people's eyes. However, his growing popularity is threatened continuously by Chauhan who uses his henchmen to try to kill him or tarnish his image as a public hero. After a failed attempt on Shivaji's life by hiring an assassin, a bomb is detonated at his home, killing his parents. In a final attempt, Chauhan orders Pandurang to cause bomb explosions in various parts of the city. Accidentally, a priest hears that a few men are planning to detonate bombs and notifies Shivaji's office via the "complaint box", which was created by Shivaji to collect letters from the public about their complaints. Pandurang is arrested and, under tactical inquiry by Shivaji and his secretary, discloses the location of the four bombs. A squad is able to defuse three bombs, but the fourth explodes—without injuring anyone—before they could reach it. Chauhan uses this success against Shivaji by blaming him for the bomb. Seeing no way out, Shivaji summons Chauhan to the secretariat and creates a situation such that it would seem as if Chauhan was there to shoot Shivaji but failed. To do so, Shivaji takes up a gun, points it to his arm, shoots himself on purpose, and then hands over the gun to Chauhan. The enraged Chauhan attempts to shoot Shivaji, but his shot misses. The security guards shoot down Chauhan and kill him. Apart from that, Manjari's father also comes to realise that Shivaji is a great man who sees duty before everything else and allows Manjari to marry him. The film ends with the state developing under the governance of Shivaji. Cast Anil Kapoor as Shivaji Rao Gaekwad Amrish Puri as CM Balraj Chauhan Paresh Rawal as Bansal Shroff Rani Mukerji as Manjari Ghatge Johnny Lever as Topi Pooja Batra as Laila Saurabh Shukla as Pandurang Shivaji Satam as Mr. Ghatge Raja Krishnamoorthy as Bhim Rao Gaekwad Neena Kulkarni as Mrs. Gaekwad Rana Jung Bahadur as Kumar Vishal Anupam Shyam as Hemant Mishra Ahmed Khan and Sushmita Sen made special appearances in the song "Shakalaka Baby". Production Nayak: The Real Hero serves as a remake of S. Shankar's 1999 Tamil-language film Mudhalvan, and was the director's first venture in Bollywood. The debut, announced in June 2000, was produced by A. M. Rathnam under the banner of Sri Surya Movies (his second Hindi film after that of Tejasvini, released in 1994), and addressed the issue of corruption in India. According to Shankar, he was motivated to remake Mudhalvan in Hindi because of its subject and did several changes to the original story. In an interview with Filmfare in August 2001, he said that he believed that the topic is well known among Indian people. Anurag Kashyap wrote the dialogue. The role of Shivaji was originally going to be played by Aamir Khan, but Shankar did not cast him, explaining, "... the two of us faced a huge communication gap. His views about [Mudhalvan] didn't match mine." The next actor suggested was Shah Rukh Khan. However, he did not want to play the role after portraying a television presenter in his home production, Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani (2000). Shankar's final choice was Anil Kapoor, although he was initially reluctant to choose him for the part but changed his mind after finding him more suitable than the previous actors, noting his discipline. When asked by the Deccan Herald about his character as well as his experience during the production of the film, Kapoor said that it was one of his career's finest roles and called it an honour to work with Shankar. To prepare for the role, Kapoor underwent physical training for six or seven months, and watched many talk shows hosted by Larry King, Prannoy Roy, Rajat Sharma, and Karan Thapar—later adopting their way of speaking. Nayak's character name was Rajinikanth's real life name—Shivaji Rao Gaekwad—because Shankar made the script for Mudhalvan with Rajinikanth in his mind. Shankar chose Rani Mukerji to fulfill the part of Manjari, a village girl who becomes the love interest of Kapoor's character. He cast Mukerji over Manisha Koirala, who played the role in the original version, as he thought that Mukerji has the bubbly image he needed for the character. Playing the type of role for the first time, the actress admitted that she saw resemblances between Manjari and herself, noting their vibrant along with uninhibited character, and described her collaboration with Kapoor as a "growing-up experience". Talking to a journalist from Rediff.com, Mukerji revealed that she immediately agreed to star in the film after hearing the story from Kapoor, which she felt was "mindblowing". Shankar wanted her to portray the role in her own way, not copying what Koirala had done before. Ahmed Khan and Sushmita Sen made special appearances in the film. Principal photography was handled by K. V. Anand and took place in more than 100 locations in the states of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Rajasthan, and Himachal Pradesh. Thota Tharani served as the art director, while H. Sridhar was the sound designer. A 22-day schedule in Mumbai, Pune, and the cities in Tamil Nadu was started on 18 November 2000. To shoot the song "Shakalaka Baby", Anand travelled to the United States to meet the filmmaker Spike Lee and asked for his help. It was simultaneously shot with 34 cameras bought from the German manufacturer Arri with a speed of 100 FPS, instead of 24, and made the film over-budgeted; consequently, Anand spoke of his regret to do the idea. After filming ended, Nayak was edited by B. Lenin and V. T. Vijayan. Soundtrack The soundtrack for the film was composed by A. R. Rahman with lyrics from Anand Bakshi. The vocals were performed by Udit Narayan, Kavita Krishnamurthy, Vasundhara Das, Shiraz Uppal, Pravin Mani, Shankar Mahadevan, Alka Yagnik, Sunidhi Chauhan, Hans Raj Hans, Abhijeet Bhattacharya, Sanjeevani, and Hariharan. The soundtrack album was released at a special ceremony at the Hotel Regent in Mumbai under the label of T-Series, which bought the rights for . The album did not perform well commercially and, according to the film-trade website Box Office India, only 1.4 million units were sold. Critically, the album was met with a poor reception from reviewers as well. Sukanya Verma of Rediff.com concluded that it was "quite a letdown" and "fails miserably", saying that she had expected more from Rahman. In an article for The Hindu, Savitha Gautham found the album has the same composition to that from Mudhalvan, but the lyrics are different. She noted that the songs have strong South Indian flavours, especially in "Saiyyan". Gautham declared "Shakalaka Baby" as the best song of the album, believing that it would be popular among Indian youth. Planet Bollywood's Avinash Ramchandani presumed Rahman's composition made the film "comes out to be a winner" and increased the audience's enthusiasm to Kapoor's and Mukerji's chemistry. Release Originally scheduled for release on 15 August 2001, Nayak premiered at theatres on 7 September and failed to attract a large enough audience. Made on a production and marketing cost of , the film opened on 280 screens across India and grossed on its first day. It collected after a week, and following its theatrical run in India. Abroad, the film also did not perform well and only had a total gross of $530,000. Summing the film's revenues from India and overseas, Box Office India estimated Nayak earned . The film was released on DVD in the PAL widescreen format. Since 6 September 2019, the film is available for streaming on Amazon Prime Video. Critical response Critics gave mixed reviews to Nayak, praising the performances of Kapoor and Puri from the first-half but panning the special effects, which they attributed to the film's commercial failure. Rediff.com's Sarita Tanwar wrote, "A fairly interesting plot, a commendable performance from the leading artiste, lavish production values and terrific pieces of action, Nayak: The Real Hero has all the ingredients that make a commercially viable film." Taran Adarsh from the entertainment portal Bollywood Hungama gave the film one star, calling its second-half "weak". However, he took note of the "superb" dialogue of the film, mostly that are said by Paresh Rawal's character, while deemed Johnny Lever's comedic scenes were "flat". Moreover, Adarsh said that Mukerji was given with a role that did not give her screen time to talk and Pooja Batra's role was better than hers. Saibal Chatterjee of the Hindustan Times, giving the same rating, described the film as "a patchwork that's neither pretty nor useful". Ziya Us Salam claimed that Kapoor portrayed his part with "easy professionalism". The critic and trade analyst Komal Nahta opined that it did not "have enough entertainment value", suggesting that the film's lengthy duration could be cut for ten minutes. Kapoor's performance got appreciation from Nahta, who thought he was "splendid", otherwise Nahta hoped that Shankar's direction "could have been much better. His inept handling becomes conspicuous as unrealistic and unbelievable things happen in this serious issue-based drama." Writing for NDTV, Parul Batra saw that Mukerji was wasted in her brief role although applauding her costumes. He agreed with Nahta about the duration problem, saying that it left him "disappointed". Dinesh Raheja felt that the "spirited" performance of Kapoor was the highlight of the film, and Devesh Sharma, in a review carried by Screen, observed of him, "Anil Kapoor once again proves his brilliance as an actor with this movie [...] he verily gets under the skin of his character and executes a faultless performance. His frustrations, his angst and his heart-rendering lamentations on seeing his parents blown away find answering echoes in the heart of every cinegoer." Accolades Sequel In September 2013, the media reported that Kapoor has signed to star in a sequel to Nayak, titled Nayak Returns but Sunny Deol to replace Anil Kapoor with Sunil Shetty, Tabu & Shilpa Shetty will be his co-star in Nayak Returns. The project will have a different subject, but he has said that he will reprise his role. The sequel was officially announced later by Eros International in January 2017, with V. Vijayendra Prasad chosen to write the screenplay and the principal photography starting the same year. References External links 2000s Hindi-language films 2000s political thriller films 2001 action drama films 2001 films Fictional portrayals of the Maharashtra Police Films about corruption in India Films about elections Films directed by S. Shankar Films scored by A. R. Rahman Hindi remakes of Tamil films Indian action drama films Indian political drama films Indian political thriller films Journalism adapted into films Political action films Films about the mass media in India Films about journalism Films about journalists Films about mass media people Fictional television stations
A Brief History of Amazing Letdowns is a 1994 mini-album by the American indie rock band, Lilys, released on the SpinART label on 10-inch vinyl and CD. The lead track, "Ginger", was used in a CK1 commercial. The album was issued in the UK in 1998. The album saw the band make their first major stylistic shift; The early My Bloody Valentine-influenced sound had given way to what Trouser Press described as "pleasant, straightforward guitar pop". Critical reception Tim DiGravina of Allmusic described the mini-album as "a brief mini-album of amazing songs" and gave it a four-star review. He described it as "an essential release for fans of the Lilys and indie fans in general," going on to state "If music could define words, the first five songs here would be a pop/rock definition for the word beautiful." Trouser Press writer Douglas Wolk described "Any Place I've Lived" as "the best melody Heasley's written to date". Track listing CD Version 10" Vinyl Version Personnel Kurt Heasley – guitar, vocals Harold "Bear" Evans – drums Paul "Pablo" Naomi – bass guitar Adam Lasus - engineering, production, mixing References 1994 albums Lilys albums
Married Life is a 2007 American period drama film directed by Ira Sachs. The screenplay by Sachs and Oren Moverman is based on the 1953 novel Five Roundabouts to Heaven by John Bingham. Cast members include Patricia Clarkson, Chris Cooper, Rachel McAdams and Pierce Brosnan. The novel was also the basis for the December 20, 1962 episode of The Alfred Hitchcock Hour entitled "The Tender Poisoner". Plot In 1949, successful middle-aged businessman Harry Allen (Chris Cooper) is having an affair with considerably younger war widow Kay Nesbitt (Rachel McAdams). Feeling rejuvenated by his emotional reawakening, he confides in his best friend Richard Langley (Pierce Brosnan) and encourages him to visit his mistress in order to alleviate her loneliness. Richard complies and immediately finds himself attracted to the young woman. Richard discovers Harry's wife Pat (Patricia Clarkson), oblivious to her husband's ongoing tryst, is engaged in an affair of her own with John O'Brien (David Wenham). Anxious to cement his blossoming relationship with Kay, Richard separately urges Harry and Pat to remain with each other. Harry, however, is determined to marry Kay. Certain divorce would hurt and humiliate Pat too much, Harry decides to kill her by lacing her daily digestive aid with poison. He visits Kay, who unexpectedly ends their relationship. Harry departs, then returns to ask for all the correspondence he has sent her, only to discover Kay in the arms of Richard, who had secreted himself upstairs. Realization sets in, and Harry races home to stop his wife from taking her nightly dose of medication. When Harry returns home he finds his wife sleeping, thinking she consumed the poison Harry walks towards the bedroom window and opens it. He is startled by Pat waking up and saying, "You're home early, is everything all right honey." Harry looks out the window in his backyard and sees John O'Brien running away from the house while getting dressed, implying that at this moment Harry realizes Pat's infidelity. Harry never confronts her, maybe consumed by his own guilt. Richard and Kay eventually wed and become part of the Allens’ social circle, which includes John O'Brien and his wife. Harry and Pat continue to be on the periphery of their healing marriage. Cast Pierce Brosnan as Richard Langley Chris Cooper as Harry Allen Patricia Clarkson as Pat Allen Rachel McAdams as Kay Nesbitt David Wenham as John O'Brien Production Exterior scenes were shot in and around Vancouver, British Columbia. Interiors were filmed at the First Avenue Studio in Burnaby. The film premiered at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival. That same year it was shown at the Festival do Rio in Brazil, the New York Film Festival, the Woodstock Film Festival, the American Film Market, and the Dubai International Film Festival, and it was shown at the 2008 Miami International Film Festival before finally going into limited release in the US on March 7, 2008. The film opened on nine screens and grossed $55,851 on its opening weekend. It eventually earned $1,507,990 in the US and $1,336,007 in foreign markets for a worldwide box office total of $2,843,997. Critical reception The film received mixed to positive reviews. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 54% based on 118 reviews, and an average rating of 5.88/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Married Life has excellent performances and flashes of dark wit, but it suffers from tonal shifts and uneven pacing." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 65 out of 100, based on 29 critics, indicating "generally positive reviews". Stephen Holden of The New York Times called the film "a period comedy of manners merged with a suspenseful psychological thriller [that] aspires to be a hybrid of the sort that Alfred Hitchcock polished to perfection in the age of sexual subtext and subterfuge" but added it "does not provide the shivery security of being manipulated by Hitchcock, a master trickster who calculated his every move. The sense of being guided through a story by a sure-handed Hollywood magician toward a delightful trick ending is missing." Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times rated it three out of four stars and said it "crosses film noir with the look and feel of a Douglas Sirk film." Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle observed the film "has the virtues of suspense, good performances and well-written scenes that are given time to breathe. That's what's entertaining about it. What's most interesting about it - its overall feeling - is harder to describe. Partly as a result of the period setting but mainly because of the movie's entire atmosphere... there's a quality of distance to the picture, as though we're seeing a case study. Or watching ourselves watch the movie. It's strange. It's different. It's arresting, and it's definitely intentional. Ira Sachs knew what he wanted to do, and he's a talent worth watching." Todd McCarthy of Variety commented, "The tone, casting and material form a less-than-perfect match in Married Life, a period domestic drama that never quite decides if it wants to be a credible marital study, a noirish meller or a sly comedy. The talented quartet of lead players feel oddly paired in this curious tale of jealousy, betrayal and murderous intent. Helmer Ira Sachs... appears to be working a bit out of his zone here... [The film] is dramatic but lacks a dynamic; one can sense the director's intent and affection for the form, but also see that working in this stylized vein does not necessarily come easily for a filmmaker of his hitherto more naturalistic tendencies." DVD release The DVD release of the film includes three alternative endings, all of which advance the action to late 1966. Harry and Pat are returning home from their grandson's wedding when he is distracted by a billboard advertising the digestive aid he had laced with poison in order to murder his wife. In the first and longest of the three, he crashes the car and Pat is killed. Richard visits Harry in the hospital, and Harry asks him to bring him the same poison so he can kill himself. Richard complies, then is arrested and tried for Harry's murder. The audience is left not knowing the outcome. The second alternate ending matches the first up to the point of Harry consuming the poison, then fades to black. In the third, Harry pointedly sees the billboard, smiles wryly, and continues without crashing. References External links Interview with Ira Sachs 2007 films 2007 drama films American drama films Films based on British novels Films based on romance novels Films directed by Ira Sachs Films set in 1949 Films shot in Vancouver Sony Pictures Classics films Films with screenplays by Oren Moverman Sidney Kimmel Entertainment films Films produced by Steve Golin 2000s English-language films 2000s American films
The Three Apples (), or The Tale of the Murdered Woman (), is a story contained in the One Thousand and One Nights collection (also known as the "Arabian Nights"). It is a first-level story, being told by Scheherazade herself, and contains one second-level story, the Tale of Núr al-Dín Alí and his Son. It occurs early in the Arabian Nights narrative, being started during night 19, after the Tale of the Portress. The Tale of Núr al-Dín Alí and his Son starts during night 20, and the cycle ends during night 25, when Scheherazade starts the Tale of the Hunchback. Plot summary A fisherman discovers a heavy locked chest along the Tigris river. He sells it to the Abbasid Caliph, Harun al-Rashid, who then has the chest broken open only to find inside it the dead body of a young woman who was cut into pieces. Harun orders his vizier, Ja'far ibn Yahya, to solve the crime and find the murderer within three days or else he will have him executed. Ja'far, however, despairs of his inability to find the culprit and remains in his home for all three days. On the fourth day, Harun is about to have Ja'far executed for his failure when two men appear, one a handsome young man and the other an old man, both claiming to be the murderer. They argue and call each other liars as each attempts to claim responsibility for the crime. This continues until the young man proves that he is the murderer by accurately describing the chest in which the woman was found. The young man reveals that he was her husband and the old man her father, who was attempting to save his son-in-law by taking the blame. Harun then demands to know his motives for murdering his wife, and the young man answers. He eulogizes her as a faultless wife and mother of his three children, and describes how one day, she requested a rare apple while being ill. This prompted him on a two-week-long journey to Basra, where he found three such apples at the Caliph's orchard. On his return to Baghdad, he found out that she was too ill to eat them. When he returned to work at his shop, he discovered a slave passing by with a similar apple. He asked him about it and the slave replied that he received it from his girlfriend, who had three such apples, which her husband found for her after a half-month journey. The young man then suspected his wife of unfaithfulness, rushed home, and demanded to know how many apples she still had. After finding one of them missing, he drew a knife and killed her. He then attempted to get rid of the evidence by cutting her body to pieces, wrapping it in multiple layers of shawls and carpets, hiding her body in a locked chest, and abandoning it in the Tigris river. After he returned home, his son confessed to him that he had stolen one of the apples, and a slave had taken it and run off with it. The boy has told the slave about his father's quest for the three apples. Out of guilt, the young man concludes his story by requesting Harun to execute him for his unjust murder. Harun, however, refuses to punish the young man out of sympathy, and instead sets Ja'far on a new assignment: to find the tricky slave who caused the tragedy within three days, or be executed for his failure. Ja'far yet again remains home for all three days and fails to find the culprit before the deadline has passed. He is summoned to be executed for his failure. As he bids farewell to all his family members, he hugs his beloved youngest daughter last. It is then, by complete accident, that he discovers a round object in her pocket which she reveals to be an apple with the name of the Caliph written on it. In the story's twist ending, the girl reveals that she brought it from their slave, Rayhan. Ja'far thus realizes that his own slave was the culprit all along. He then finds Rayhan and solves the case as a result. Ja'far, however, pleads to Harun to forgive his slave and, in exchange, narrates to him the Tale of Núr al-Dín Alí and His Son Badr al-Dín Hasan. The Caliph, amazed by the story, pardons the slave. To console the young man who mistakenly killed the wife he loved, the Caliph offers one of his own slaves for a wife, showers him with gifts and cherishes him until his death. Analysis The story has been described as a "quintessential murder mystery" by . Suspense is generated through multiple revelations that occur as the story progresses. The main difference between Ja'far and later fictional detectives, such as Sherlock Holmes and Hercule Poirot, is that Ja'far has no actual desire to solve the case. The whodunit mystery is not solved via detective work; rather via the murderer himself confessing his crime. This in turn leads to another assignment in which Ja'far has to find the culprit who instigated the murder within three days or else be executed. He fails again, but owing to chance, he discovers a key item. In the end, he manages to solve the case through reasoning in order to prevent his own execution. According to Marzolph, the tale is present in "the oldest surviving manuscript" of the Arabian Nights compilation, and is considered to be part of "the core corpus" of the book. Notes Sources Wikisource:The Tale of the Three Apples "The Three Apples", Burton's translation One Thousand and One Nights
Federal Highway 25 (, Fed. 25) is a tollfree part of the federal highways corridors (). It starts in Viñedos Rivier, Aguascalientes, runs east, then runs northeast to San Marcos, Zacatecas, just past Loreto, Zacatecas. References 025 Aguascalientes Transportation in Zacatecas
Catherine "Kathy" Laverne McMillan (born November 7, 1957) is a retired American athlete, who mainly competed in the long jump. McMillan was born in Raeford, North Carolina. She competed for the United States at the 1976 Summer Olympics held in Montreal, Canada, where she won the silver medal in the Women's Long Jump event as an 18-year-old. She attended Tennessee State University. While competing for Hoke County High School, in Raeford, North Carolina she set the still standing NFHS National High School Record in the Long Jump of while participating in the Jack in the Box Invitational at UCLA on June 12, 1976. McMillan qualified for the 1980 US Olympic team but was unable to compete due to the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott. She did however receive one of 461 Congressional Gold Medals created especially for the spurned athletes. In 2021 she was elected into the National Track and Field Hall of Fame. References External links McMillan at the 1976 US. Olympic Trials @ 27:00 1957 births Living people People from Raeford, North Carolina Tennessee State Lady Tigers track and field athletes Olympic silver medalists for the United States in track and field Athletes (track and field) at the 1975 Pan American Games Athletes (track and field) at the 1976 Summer Olympics Athletes (track and field) at the 1979 Pan American Games Athletes (track and field) at the 1983 Pan American Games Track and field athletes from North Carolina American female long jumpers Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field) Congressional Gold Medal recipients Medalists at the 1975 Pan American Games Medalists at the 1979 Pan American Games Medalists at the 1983 Pan American Games
St. Nicholas Church in Bratislava is an Orthodox church situated on the castle hill next to the Bratislava Castle in Podhradie the historical part of Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia. The church was built in 1661 by Paul Pálffy's (1589–1655) widow Countess Frances, née Khuen (died 1672). It is an early baroque building built on the place of original Gothic church below the Bratislava Castle. The church is consecrated to St. Nicholas, the patron of sailors. His statue is situated in the stone niche above the main entrance to the church. The church is a protected cultural monument. History Archeological research from the 1990s identified the remnants of an 11th-century rotunda at the place of the current church building. It was partially destroyed in 1270s then rebuilt divided into two floors, the lower underground floor serving as an ossuary. The surroundings of the church contained a graveyard that was active until the end of the 18th century. Probably in the half of 14th century the one-nave church of St. Nicholas was constructed in the original gothic footprints, the direct predecessor of the current church building. The church was torn down in 1526 together with many other sacral buildings outside of the Bratislava city walls in preparation of a Turkish siege. In 1661 the church was rebuilt by Countess Frances, née Khuen. Interior of the church was renovated in 1744. During the reign of Maria Theresa, in accordance with new rules about handling of the deceased a crypt was constructed underneath the church. It is a rather large room with burial chambers built into three of its walls. The crypt is accessible by a narrow staircase from a small extension building built against the southern wall of the church and it was later vandalized. In 1755 the church contained the altar of Saint Nicholas, altar of Saint Fabian, Saint Sebastian and the Holy Trinity. The altar of Piety was added prior to 1761, in 1779 the altars of the Saint Cross and altar of Saint Rosalia were added. At the end of the 18th century a new pulpit by Peter Brandenthal was installed. In the 18th century, the church was administered by the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. In the half of 18th century the church become part of the Second Bratislava Calvary, which was constructed in Podhradie. After Podhradie was assimilated into Bratislava, the church was administrated by the Catholic funeral society of St. Nicholas (Slovak: Katolícky pohrebný spolok sv. Mikuláša) and it belonged to the St. Martin's Roman Catholic parish. As it was no longer used in 1936 it was given to the newly established Greek Catholic Church of Bratislava. At the end of World War II in 1945 the church roof caught fire and the building was reconstructed by the Greek Catholic Church (during the years 1945-1950). The reconstruction was led by Father Jozef Haľko. In 1950 began the violent persecution of the Greek Catholic Church in Slovakia and the St. Nicholas church was given to the Orthodox Church. After the buildings surrounding the church were demolished in the 1960s and 1970s during the demolition of a large part of the historical Podhradie, the static of the church was compromised. Visible problems were compounded by a lightning strike in June 1966 and by repeated vandalism by the local youth. The communist government approved the reconstruction of the church but it was carried out only partially. Description The simple one-nave church building is built in an east–west orientation. It contains a small wooden bell tower. See also Podhradie, Bratislava Old Town, Bratislava Bratislava Castle References External links Churches in Bratislava 17th-century churches in Slovakia Churches completed in 1661 17th-century Eastern Orthodox church buildings Eastern Orthodox church buildings in Slovakia Former Roman Catholic church buildings 1661 establishments in Europe
Emma Smetana (officially in the Czech Republic Smetanová; born 11 February 1988) is a Czech actress, singer, television presenter, journalist and political scientist. Work From 2012 to 2016, Smetana read the news for Czech television channel TV Nova. From 2017 to 2020, she was interviewer for Czech internet television channel . Selected filmography Films Europe je t'aime (2008), amateur film Rytmus v patách (2009) – Lizetka Men in Hope (2011) – Bára The Don Juans (2013) – Barborka, granddaughter of Markéta Colette (2013) – Hannah Korunní princ (2015, TV film) Jedině Tereza (2021) – host TV series Základka (2012) Crossing Lines (2013) – Aide Burning Bush (2013) – Hana Čížková Až po uši (2014) Na vodě (2016) – Sandra Eliška a Damián (2023) – Eliška Mlynářová Theatre Lucie, větší než malé množství lásky (2013) – Lucie Discography Studio albums What I've Done (2016) By Now (with Jordan Haj) (2022) Personal life Smetana has two daughters, Lennon Marlene and Ariel Ava, with her partner, actor and musician Jordan Haj. References External links 1988 births Living people People from Prague Czech women television presenters TV Nova (Czech Republic) people Czech television actresses Czech film actresses 21st-century Czech women singers Sciences Po alumni Free University of Berlin alumni Czech women journalists
Giuseppe Nazzareno Sterzi (1876–1919) was an Italian anatomist, neuroanatomist and medical historian. Although his research activity encompassed no more than fifteen years, the themes treated by Sterzi are relevant to neuroanatomy and history of anatomy. Sterzi’s research on comparative neuroanatomy and embryology were acknowledged by numerous contemporaries (Bardeleben, Chiarugi, Edinger, Eisler, Johnston, Krause, Nicolas, Obersteiner, Sobotta) and many of his discoveries were soon incorporated into anatomy textbooks. Sterzi was awarded several scientific prizes, among which were the ‘Premio Fossati’ of the Reale Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e di Lettere, Milano in 1909 and the ‘Prix Lallemand’ of the Académie des Sciences de l'Institut de France, Paris in 1912. Biography Sterzi was born into a noble family in Cittadella, Italy. His father Paolo, who in his student years in Padova had been involved in the patriotic uprisings against the Austrian government, was an engineer; his mother was Carolina Barolo. In 1893 he matriculated in the University of Pisa where he joined the medical school. The Chairman Professor Guglielmo Romiti asked him to enter the Anatomy department. In 1899 he graduated in Medicine, and few months later was appointed senior lecturer in the Anatomy Department of the University of Padova, then directed by Professor Dante Bertelli. In 1906 he became Professor of Topographical Anatomy on annual contract and in 1910, having been selected by the National Search Committee, he was made full Professor and Chairman of the Anatomy Department of the University of Cagliari. In the summer of 1915, Sterzi volunteered for the Italian Army where he served as medical officer. After the end of World War I, Sterzi, who had the rank of lieutenant colonel and was entitled to be released from the army, chose to remain in his office as director of the military hospital of Arezzo during the postwar Spanish flu epidemic. During the winter of 1919 he contracted a fever and died at the age of 43. He left a wife, and four sons, one of whom later became a doctor and Professor of Dermatology, Guido Sterzi. Scientific career Sterzi wrote the following textbooks: “Il Sistema nervoso centrale dei vertebrati” (The vertebrate central nervous system), 1907-1912; and “Anatomia del sistema nervoso centrale dell'uomo” (Anatomy of the human central nervous system), 1914-1915. Following the publication of the first book, John Black Johnston (1908), one of Sterzi's illustrious American contemporaries, wrote in a review published in The Anatomical Record: “Sterzi's work promises to be the most extensive work in any language dealing with the central nervous system of vertebrates.” “Meninges of the Spinal Medulla and of the Brain” (1899–1902) is a series of seven articles that represents the progression of his thesis and that includes a monograph on medullary meninges. Sterzi illustrates the comparative anatomy of meninges from the amphioxus to man. Contrary to previous reports the spinal meninges, both in the adult lower vertebrates and in the early developmental stages of the more advanced vertebrates, are very simple. From the mesenchyme surrounding the neural tube only a single leaflet forms the primitive meninx. In the following phylo- and ontogenetic stages, the latter divides into an internal leaflet: the secondary meninx, and into an external one: the dura mater. Finally, in higher vertebrates, even the secondary meninx divides into the arachnoid and the pia. In the same animals, Sterzi demonstrated that, while in the spinal medulla the dura keeps its identity, in the skull it fuses with the periosteum (Sterzi, 1902). He also demonstrated the continuity of all meninges with the envelopes of nerves and with the filum terminale. The second group of studies, “Vessels of the Spinal Medulla” (1900–1904) and of the Brainstem (1913) started with a communication read by the young Sterzi at the 14th Congress of the German Anatomical Society in 1900. It includes a paper of 370 pages written in German for the journal Anatomische Hefte (Sterzi, 1904), dealing with the comparative anatomy and embryology of these vessels from the cyclostomes (petromyzontes) to man. Sterzi showed that, both in petromyzontes and in the precocious developmental stages of higher vertebrates, the spinal medulla receives its blood from the superficial vessels. It is only in later stages that vessels penetrate the spinal medulla in various patterns. He also demonstrated that, whereas in lower vertebrates there are portions of the spinal medulla supplied by venous blood and others by the arterial one, in later phylo and ontogenetic stages the blood supply becomes uniform for the formation of longitudinal tracts among the primitive metameric systems. In 1913, Sterzi published a study on the development of mammalian central arteries in the spinal medulla, medulla oblongata, and pons (Sterzi, 1913). He observed that these arteries maintain their symmetrical arrangement in the pons, whereas in the lower segments, owing to the formation of the median fissure, they give rise to a single median tract. In “Hypophysis” (1904), Sterzi studied the hypophysis of petromyzontes and, at variance with previous findings, demonstrated that no infundibular gland exists in these cyclostomes (Sterzi, 1904). He also investigated the comparative anatomy of this organ in all vertebrates. In “The Regio Parietalis (of Diencephalon) in Lower Craniates” (1905), Sterzi demonstrates that there are organs which are single (epiphysis and paraphysis) and organs that are originally double (pineal and parapineal organs; Sterzi, 1905). The latter, however, in adult petromyzontes become both asymmetrical acquiring a median location below the cranial vault, which is fissured in their correspondence. They have the structure of a sort of eyes (parietal eyes). “General Neuroanatomy” (1912–1914) is a series of articles on the development of the longitudinal cerebral fissure (Sterzi, 1912) and that on the significance of the human encephalon and telencephalon (Sterzi, 1914). Concerning the first topic, Sterzi demonstrates that, contrary to earlier reports, the longitudinal fissure is not due to pressure exerted by the falx cerebri but that it is the product of the rapid outgrowth of the cerebral hemispheres from the lateral portions of the telencephalic vesicle. He also maintains that the third ventricle consists, not only of the posterior diencephalic portion, but of a smaller anterior one of telencephalic origin. In the second article (Sterzi, 1914), Sterzi criticizes the concept put forward by Edinger(1911) that the human brain consists of a neoencephalic portion: the cerebral cortex, and of a paleoencephalic one: the remaining encephalon. He demonstrates that even in the portion that Edinger considers paleoencephalon there are neoencephalic derivatives. Concerning whether all portions of the brain really evolve from lower craniates to man, he demonstrates that this is not the case because, in the course of phylogenesis, some parts evolve and others regress. The article “Anatomy and Embryology of the Endolymphatic Sac” (1909) is devoted to the anatomy and embryology of the endolymphatic sac. In humans the sac is included into the endocranium, while in lower vertebrates it is located in between the dura and the endocranium. It is absent in selachians and teleosteans while its presence is doubtful in petromyzontes. In the work “Anatomy of Subcutaneous Tissue” (1910), the subcutaneous tissue is carefully studied in its general characteristics: development, chronology, gender, and nutritional conditions (Sterzi, 1910). In addition it is described in the various regions of the human body. The subcutaneous tissue is divided into two layers: superficial and deep, that in the head, neck, trunk, and proximal limbs are separated from each other by an intermediate layer homologous to the muscular one found in other mammals. This intermediate layer in man gives rise to the cutaneous muscles of the head and neck and to the subcutaneous and superficial parts of the external anal sphincter. In the other regions it constitutes the superficial fascia, which is lacking in distal limbs. Medical historian By searching in the archives of the University of Padova, Sterzi came to know that Fabricius ab Aquapendente had willed to the government of the Republic of Venice the famous Tabulae Anatomicae that had been considered lost for 200 years. He found them, together with three other works of Fabricius, in the Marciana Library in Venezia. Of the 300 tables mentioned by Fabricius, there were only 167, bound into eight volumes (seven devoted to human and one to comparative anatomy). Besides being the most important anatomical work of the 16th and 17th centuries, the Tabulae Pictae, which are in folio, represent the first coloured (hand-painted) anatomical atlas in history. In “The Tabulae Anatomicae (Pictae) by Fabricius ab Aquapendente” (1909) Sterzi could ascertain that Fabricius incorporated into these drawings findings obtained by his former dissectors Giulio Casseri and Giulio Cesare Sala. In the monograph “Giulio Casseri (Casserius; 1552–1616) Anatomist and Surgeon” (1910), Sterzi gives a report of the biography and achievements of this anatomist, and of the teaching of Anatomy in the Padua Medical School. The works of Casserius (De Vocis Auditusque Organis, Pentaestheseion, Tabulae Anatomicae), who started as house servant of Fabricius and then became dissector and eventually the first Professor of Surgery in Padova, is described and documented in detail, as well as the long quarrel that later developed between him and his former master, Fabricius. Sterzi published in 1910 an article about the period of lectorship in Padua of the Polish physician Joseph Struthius (1510–1568). "I Progressi della Nevrologia" (1910), is a concise history of neuroscience based on a direct reading of classic works. Among the theories reported by Sterzi is that of Plato, who stated that man has three souls with different functions, an idea that resonates with the modern concept of the triune brain (MacLean, 1970). He also reported the progresses of neuroscience from the Renaissance to the 19th century. He stressed the importance of the anatomical and embryological comparative approach started by Willis and later revived by Cuvier and His. Later that year, Sterzi wrote another article, where he demonstrated that Botallus, and not Carcano (as Scarpa believed), had been the first discoverer of the foramen ovale. Bibliography Sterzi G., The Subcutaneous tissues (tela subcutanea) [print] : anatomical researches, 1915. Sterzi G., Il sistema nervoso centrale dei vertebrati : ricerche anatomiche ed embriologiche, Padova : A. Draghi, 1907-1912. Sterzi G., Giulio Casseri, anatomico e chirurgo (c. 1552-1616)., 1909. Sterzi G., LE "TABULAE ANATOMICAE" ED I CODICI MARCIANI CON NOTE AUTOGRAFE DI HIERONYMUS FABRICIUS AB AQUAPENDENTE, 1909. Sterzi G., Anatomia del sistema nervoso centrale dell'uomo, trattato per medici e studenti., Padova, Draghi, 1914-15. Riva A, Orrù B, Riva FT. Giuseppe Sterzi (1876-1919) of the University of Cagliari: a brilliant neuroanatomist and medical historian. „The Anatomical Record”. 261 (3), 2000. History of anatomy Italian anatomists 1876 births 1919 deaths University of Pisa alumni Academic staff of the University of Cagliari Academic staff of the University of Padua
Jolien van Vliet (born 24 July 1998) is a Dutch cricketer. In July 2018, she was named in the Netherlands' squad for the 2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20 Qualifier tournament. She made her Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) for the Netherlands against United Arab Emirates in the World Twenty20 Qualifier on 7 July 2018. In May 2019, she was named in Netherlands' squad for the 2019 ICC Women's Qualifier Europe tournament in Spain. In October 2021, she was named in the Dutch team for the 2021 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier tournament in Zimbabwe. References External links 1998 births Living people Dutch women cricketers Netherlands women One Day International cricketers Netherlands women Twenty20 International cricketers Place of birth missing (living people) 21st-century Dutch women 21st-century Dutch people
Tom Bristow (born 16 August 1991) is a retired English rugby union loosehead prop. He represented Hong Kong Rugby Union at international level in November 2019. He made his test debut against Belgium national rugby union team and Spain national rugby union team in the Europe test matches. Early life Bristow was born in Hong Kong, and attended Tomlinscote School and Sixth Form College in Frimley. In 2018 Bristow graduated from Northumbria University with a BA (Hons) in Leadership and Management. In May 2012 Bristow was part of the Surrey team which won the County Shield, beating Leicestershire 43–12 in the final at Twickenham. The loosehead's abilities were spotted by Harlequins and in October 2011 he was called up by Quins to play in the Aviva A League against Saracens at Woolam Playing Fields. Bristow impressed enough in a good 60-minute shift to be asked back and he made two further appearances for Harlequins in the Aviva A League against Gloucester and London Irish. Bristow has also played for Bedford Blues, Chobham Rugby Club, Guildford Rugby Club, Camberley Rugby Club and Dorking R.F.C. Professional career Bristow joined the promoted London Welsh RFC for there flight in the Premiership Rugby from the amateur club Dorking R.F.C., whom he helped secure a top-five finish in National League Three. Bristow was sponsored by the fashion-focused brand Storm Watches whilst at London Welsh RFC. At 21-year-old he played 21 Premiership games for the Exiles last season. On 15 July 2013, Bristow signed for Leicester Tigers for the start of 2013–14 season. Bristow stated in an interview "I enjoyed my experience with London Welsh in the Aviva Premiership last season but I'm happy to be here now and delighted to have the opportunity with Leicester Tigers. I'm looking forward to settling in during the pre-season and being part of the Tigers squad." Tigers director of rugby Richard Cockerill told the club's official website: "Tom is a young up-and-coming prop and he joins a very good bunch of promising young front rows at the club". On 22 May 2015 Bristow joined Premiership Rugby rivals Wasps for the upcoming 2015–16 season. Bristow stated "Playing in Europe is a great experience across the whole day. You have the big French crowds when you arrive, and the whole thing feels another step up from the Premiership. You have to stay composed in that situation, do your bread-and-butter and make sure you stay focused. The leaders in the team like Joe Launchbury and Jimmy Gopperth are very good at making sure the younger players stay calm, while the amount everyone talks on the pitch is a great help." On 19 June 2017 Bristow confirmed he would be leaving the club. On 9 August 2017 it was confirmed that Bristow signed for French club RC Narbonne in the Pro D2 upcoming 2017–18 season. 2018: Return to the Premiership On 10 October 2018 Bristow joined Premiership Rugby Sale Sharks. Bristow said: "It’s a bit different at Carrington from the South of France but great to be back in the U.K". Sale Sharks director of rugby Steve Diamond welcomed Bristow's addition to the Premiership Rugby club "We will offer him a warm welcome to the Sharks squad and he will significantly improve our options in the front-row". On 16 May 2019 Bristow confirmed he would be leaving the club. 2019: Return to Hong Kong On 29 July 2019, Bristow joined HKRFU Premiership Kowloon RFC rugby team for the upcoming 2019–2020 season. On 12 November 2019 Bristow was confirmed he would be part of Hong Kong Rugby Union European test match tour to face Spain national rugby union team and Belgium national rugby union team. Bristow was capped for both test matches. Bristow was picked to play for the Hong Kong South China Tigers rugby team in the fast pace international rugby union 2020 Global Rapid Rugby competition. He was picked as a 'player to watch' throughout the competition. References 1991 births Living people English rugby union players Rugby union props London Welsh RFC players Leicester Tigers players Wasps RFC players
Gabu or Gabú may refer to: Gabu Region of Guinea-Bissau Gabu, a town and capital of Gabu Region, Guinea-Bissau Gabu, Nigeria Gat Andrés Bonifacio University, a university in the Philippines

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