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train_700 | What is described in this image? | [52,56,57]. When we included substrates of CK at physiological concentrations (10-30 mM), dissociation profiles indicated low level binding of PCr (not shown). To confirm such observations, the same LUVs were incubated with Cr or PCr, washed twice and subjected to biochemical quantification (Fig. 1). The data showed co... | |
train_701 | What is described in this image? | The derivation details for Equation (1) can be found in the Supporting Information. With Equation (1), the heat source distribution for a pillar of diameter 24.6 um irradiated with 95 W cm-2 at varied optical absorption coefficients were calculated. Figure 10a and Figure S7a, Supporting Information, show a few represen... | |
train_702 | What is described in this image? | 3.1. Conventional differential scanning calorimetry Fig. 1 shows a conventional DSC thermogram of penta- Fig. 1. DSC thermogram of pentachloronitrobenzene, showing the heat flow, Q(t), as a function of temperature. The sample was cooled fast from room temperature down to -135 ℃ (138 K) and annealed for 5 min at that te... | |
train_703 | What is described in this image? | Figure 6. Molar heat capacities Cpm of alkylamides at T = 298.15 K as a function of the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. Com at 298.15 K In Table 5, the intercepts A, slopes B, and product-moment correlation coefficients r for each compound are listed. The only two Cp.m values at 298.15 K in the literature, 15 1... | |
train_704 | What is described in this image? | The values of Txi (Table 2) vs. △T/△t are reported in Figure 9, showing a decreasing exponential evolution that highlights the faster decrease of Txi at higher kinetic conditions, with respect to low △T/△t. Results of data fitted using linear regression a high correlation too. Importantly, these experimental data and t... | |
train_705 | What is described in this image? | The spectra are consistent with the PBF structure and they are essentially the same with those reported by Ma et al. and Gazzano et al. [12,20]. The WAXD patterns of amorphous and semicrystalline PBF samples are shown in Fig. 2a. Once again, the pattern of the polyester is the same with that reported Gazzano et al. and... | |
train_706 | What is described in this image? | The Tg of delaminated coating for the field use was tested, and the result is presented in Figure 6. As shown in the figure, Tg of the delaminated coating is much lower than that of the intact coating. It indicates that the coating delamination without defects is caused by the improperly cured coating. And the initia... | |
train_707 | What is described in this image? | A schematic depiction of the sol–gel process is shown in Fig. 1. The methanol mixture, used for swelling the membranes, initiated the sol–gel process by enhancing the permeation of the TBT monomer and water. Normally, sol-gel reactions need a catalyst that provides an acid medium. It is not necessary to add an acid to ... | |
train_708 | What is described in this image? | Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed to confirm drug-polymer miscibility and the amorphous nature of extrudates. The DSC thermograms showed that pure CBZ was characterized by a single, sharp melting endotherm peak at 192.9℃ (Fig. 5). Miscibility was determined by scanning multiple samples with differen... | |
train_709 | What is described in this image? | (Fig. 3b), show the product ions at m/z 539, corresponding to the loss of one Hextes (–162 Da), and at m/z 365, attributed to the loss of one block HexAcPent. To confirm the presence of acetyl groups on this galactomannan structure the oligosaccharides at m/z 893 and m/z 1055 observed in the fraction F22 were also anal... | |
train_710 | What is described in this image? | The slope of the initial relaxation curve (i.e. rate of relaxation heat flow) was determined to evaluate the thermal relaxation at constant temperature. Figure 2 shows the relaxation slope for bovine gelatin (moisture content: 20.9 g/100 g gelatin) as a function of heating rate to reach isothermal temperature used for ... | |
train_711 | What is described in this image? | where X (=ΔΗ(Τ)/ΔΗ₂) is the volume fraction of the crystal, ΔΗ(Τ) is the partial integral of crystallization enthalpy, and K(T) is the cooling function. The temperature dependence of X at different cooling rates is shown in Fig. 10. The crystallization temperatures shift to the lower-temperature side as the cooling rat... | |
train_712 | What is described in this image? | A "Natural textile" and an "Agro wastes", so called Cocos nucifera sheath (CS) was procured from the villages of Serdang, Malaysia. The density of the CS varied between 1.37-1.50 g/cm3. The chemical compositions of CS were as follows: cellulose (21–22%), hemicellulose (42–43%), lignin (31–33%) and extractives (2-2.5%).... | |
train_713 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 1 shows the IR spectra of the as-received alumina nanoparticles and BDO-based polyurethane samples. Because of the similar results in the presentation, the ATR-FTIR results of the MPD-PU samples were omitted to show in the figure. The strong peak appeared around 600 cm-1 in alumina nanoparticles is also appeared a... | |
train_714 | What is described in this image? | (Table 2). It was obvious that the PDI of resulting HTPBs with same chain-cleavage percent became broader gradually as the increase in BR concentration (Table 2). For example, the PDI of HTPB1 increased from 1.89 to 2.56 when the BR concentration increased from 50 to 100 g/L, although their molecular weight changed sli... | |
train_715 | What is described in this image? | and PLLA phases, respectively. The dependence of the two Tss on the compositions is shown in Figure 5. The Ts of neat PLLA and neat POM are +75 and -56 °C, respectively. Figure 5. Glass transition temperatures of PLLA and POM from DMA | |
train_716 | What is described in this image? | Fig.7 Molten fraction and melting rate a before aging (C.), b after aging (C.), for PLA/5% Babassu data computed from reversing flow. Aging times and temperatures indicated | |
train_717 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 5. (a) Correlation of DSC peak height with %DD of chitosan. (b) Correlation of DSC peak area with %DD of chitosan. this in mind, it was decided to investigate if there is any relationship between AH and DA. A theoretical basis proposed by Chatterjee and Schwenker (1972), that relates the heat of reaction, AH, of a... | |
train_718 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 4 (a) showed tensile strength of various PLA/PBS blend compositions. Among these compositions, neat PLA has a higher value (about 61.6 MPa) of the tensile strength. With the increase of PBS content, the tensile strength was decreased slowly up to 20wt%, and then decreased fast due to the poor stress transfer acros... | |
train_719 | What is described in this image? | where Mg is related to s' at very low frequency (Mk = 1/ε') and Mu is related to s' at very high frequency (Mu=1/ε'). In the case of a perfect semicircle plot, the substitution of Mr and Mi values obtained at each frequency into Eq. (9) would yield a unity ratio between the right and left hand side values. Fig. 15 (a a... | |
train_720 | What is described in this image? | GO and rGO are shown in Figure 10, where the dots are the experimental rates and the full lines are the fitting curves. | |
train_721 | What is described in this image? | on T in Fig. 1b to the dependence of KQ on Tr in Fig. 1a by also measuring KQ as a function of T for Zr44Ti11Ni10Cu10Be25, spanning a temperature region from 77 to 573 K. Similar experiments were also conducted for Pd43Cu27Ni10P20 (Supplementary Fig. 2). We find that the variation of KQ with Tr is significantly larger ... | |
train_722 | What is described in this image? | The complex viscosities of all polymers as a function of temperature are summarized in Figure 11, where increasing temperature showed a drop in viscosity. For the PVP based polymers, the viscosities were as follows, Kollidon® 90 F > > Kollidon® 12 PF, indicating that the complex viscosity increased with an increase in ... | |
train_723 | What is described in this image? | Figure 1. Chemical structure of the repeating units of the amorphous polymers PAM (R = R' = hydrogen) Figure 1 shows the chemical structure of the repeating units of the amorphous polymers prepared in this work. Light scattering characterization indicated a weight-average molecular weight of approximately 105 for both ... | |
train_724 | What is described in this image? | Inspired by a previous work [34], elemental surface composition of the pristine and modified HNTs was traced by XPS and the obtained spectra are shown in Fig. 5. In addition, for the sake of comparison, Al, Si, C, O and N elemental contents of the HNT, HS and HSEPA are extracted and reported in Table 2. The presence of... | |
train_725 | What is described in this image? | [68-70]. Double melting peaks are observed when the crystallization is carried out at low Tc (388 K). The high-temperature melting peak gradually diminishes and finally disappears as Te increased. The same behavior is observed in iPP/fiber model composites [23] and iPP/clay nanocomposites as shown in Fig.
4 [71]. At t... | |
train_726 | What is described in this image? | and the projected angle between the C1-C2 bond and the C5- C6 bond (a) leads to the conclusion that contrary to common opinion in the literature the 2,5-FDCA isomer is not similar to TA, but rather to IPA. While the 2,4-isomer is closer to TA, the 3,4-isomer has characteristics comparable to PA (Fig. 5). A plot of D vs... | |
train_727 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 2 DSC traces for neat P313;4FSI with LiFSI ionic liquids as a function of LiFSI concentration at a scan rate of 10 °C min-1 above 2.0 mol kg-4 of LiFSI in P111j4FSI characterised by a low glass transition could potentially be used over a wider temperature range than those with lower concentration (0.5 and 1.0 mol ... | |
train_728 | What is described in this image? | Figure 1 shows MDSC scans of PLA aged at 50 °C for 15 min where the total, reversing and non-reversing heat flows are displayed. The total heat flow during heating and observed peaks are similar to that observed in conventional DSC experiments displaying the glass transition Fig. 1 MDSC scans of total, non-reversing an... | |
train_729 | What is described in this image? | To probe the interfacial and polar part of the liposomes, the C=O stretching and PO,- antisymmetric double bond stretching bands, respectively, are used. Fig. 6 shows the changes in the wavenumber of the C=O stretching mode as a function of temperature. The addition of Mg2+ (at low and high concentrations) and/or vitam... | |
train_730 | What is described in this image? | on the temperature of crystallization is shown in Table 5 and Figure 4. The results obtained show that an increase in the molecular weight of PEG | |
train_731 | What is described in this image? | Figure 1 shows a typical heat flow curve for gelatin (moisture content: 20.9 g/100 g sample) as a function of time indicating the heating and relaxation cycles. Heat flow due to the thermal relaxation increased exponentially and reached to a nearly constant value. Figure 1 A typical thermogram for bovine gelatin contai... | |
train_732 | What is described in this image? | Fig.1 Schematic diagram of fracture toughness measurement | |
train_733 | What is described in this image? | The structure of the high temperature phase of C10PbI is in agreement with another high temperature phase of an inorganicorganic hybrid, phase I of C10CdC1.18 The decylammonium chains in CloCdCl have conformational freedom, akin to diffusion of their gauche bonds through the whole chain. The decylammonium chains are di... | |
train_734 | What is described in this image? | Here, a sample prepared by one-step-synthesis is used. This sample was synthesized by high-pressure ball milling under 100 bar of hydrogen of a NaH and Al mixture with 4% mol TiCl3 added as a catalyst. XRD for the as-milled compound (not shown) displayed peaks corresponding to NaAIH4 as the main phase. The presence of ... | |
train_735 | What is described in this image? | Figure 1 shows the typical microphase-separated structure of STPUs. HS carbonyl groups can be in a free state or hydrogen bonded. As HS content increases the number of diisocyanate units involved in hard domains is higher, resulting in more ordered structures. Hydrogen bonding can also occur between SS carbonyl groups,... | |
train_736 | What is described in this image? | (Figure 4), indicating the completion of the imidization reaction, as shown in Figure 5. The final weight at 800 ℃ strongly depends on the PIA content in PI-PIA, even though the degradation temperature of PI-PIA was not affected by the PIA content. In addition, the Tg values were obtained via differential scanning calo... | |
train_737 | What is described in this image? | Chemical characterization by chemical analysis, infrared spectral and 1H NMR spectroscopy indicates that the structure of the obtained acidic sulfated polysaccharide is similar to that of ulvan already reported in the literature. The extracted water-soluble polysaccharide IR spectrum (Fig. 2) is comparable with the obt... | |
train_738 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 5 shows DSC curves of paraffin, OMMT/paraffin and OMMT/paraffin/grafted MWNT, and Table 1 presents the corresponding thermal properties. Fig. 5(a) shows that the phase change temperature of paraffin occurs at 21.7 °C and the temperature of the endothermic peak is 30.3 ℃. The phase change temperature and endothermi... | |
train_739 | What is described in this image? | DSC curves of raw, partially dried and totally dried MMG lignite were recorded as shown in Fig. 4. A similar trend was noted to that previously observed by Norinaga et al. [3]. Drying initially led to a diminution in intensity of the peak associated with bulk water with no change in the intensity of the small, - 40 ℃ p... | |
train_740 | What is described in this image? | The DSC thermograms of the present glasses are shown in Fig. 5. The DSC thermograms of all the glasses exhibit the glass transition temperatures (Tg) in addition to amorphous nature shown by XRD data confirms the glassy nature of the present samples. The values of glass transition temperature (Tg), onset crystallizatio... | |
train_741 | What is described in this image? | Figure 2. Evolution of the crystallinity degree x. vs. To for quenched samples: (a) PET and (b) PEN. | |
train_742 | What is described in this image? | In order to study the electroluminescent characteristic and the effect of DDH layer thickness, the OLEDs with the ITO/PEDOT:PSS(35 nm)/DDH/Ca(10 nm)/Al(100 nm) configuration containing 60, 80 and 100 nm thick DDH layers were fabricated. The energy level diagram of this configuration is illustrated in Fig. 5. In this c... | |
train_743 | What is described in this image? | (DEG) (see ESI, Fig. 31+). This is not surprising since the dehydration of ethylene glycol in the presence of acid catalyst leads to the formation of diethylene glycol which was identified as one of the most important side products in PET synthesis. 17-20 The incorporation of DEG as a co-monomer in PET synthesis result... | |
train_744 | What is described in this image? | The difference of specific heat capacity ACps between glass and undercooled liquid is an important parameter for the description of glass transition. The dependence of AC, on the heating rate, obtained by DSC measurements, is shown in Fig. 1, where a monotonous decrease is observed. The variation of ACp with Z is non-m... | |
train_745 | What is described in this image? | Table 3 summarizes the Young's moduli, tensile strengths, and elongation at break values for the SPU film from MSOL-135 and their core-shell latex films, and typical tensile stress-strain behaviors are shown in Fig. 7. The SPU135 shows a rubbery modulus of 9.6MPa, a viable ultimate tensile strength of about 4.5 MPa, an... | |
train_746 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 4. Typical DSC thermograms of CP, SMP and CP-PSMP. (PSMP and CP) within the composite, the single glass transition criterion [33] was adopted. Based on this criterion, PSMP and CP are compatible if the composite shows a single glass transition temperature which is in-between the glass transition temperatures of th... | |
train_747 | What is described in this image? | FTIR of the reaction processes Infrared spectroscopy was performed to characterize the structures of the composites via the ring-opening reaction between the oxirane functional group of epoxy resin and the -OH functional group of the POSSs. Scheme 1 shows the reaction process and the structure of the epoxy/POSS composi... | |
train_748 | What is described in this image? | Figure 12 shows a comparison of tan o and E' for the soyate epoxy-anhydride thermosets from ESS, ESSB6, and the control ESO. The equivalent ratio of epoxides to anhydrides is 1:0.5. Figure 12a shows that the glass-transition temperatures are in the order of Tg(EssB6) > Tg(Ess) > Tg(ESO). Figure 12b shows that the Figur... | |
train_749 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 6. TGA curves of the bulk RT21, Pure RT58, PMMA solid polymer microsphere, RT21MCs, RT21MC-15 wt. % 1- octadecanol, RT21MC-15wt. % RT58 and RT21MC- this is not the case when RT58 was used with RT21 because the decomposition temperature of RT58 lies between those of RT21 and the shell material. This prevents the fo... | |
train_750 | What is described in this image? | DSC measurements can provide valuable data on thermal behavior and phase transitions inside materials. Glass transition and melting are two important phenomena in polymers, which are affected by processing conditions and additives present in the material. Figure 7(a) represents the DSC thermograms of as-received CS and... | |
train_751 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 12. Temperature-modulated DSC, sample pre-cured for 180 min at 180 °C, underlying heating rate 10 K/min, modulation amplitude 1.6 K, modulation period 60 s. | |
train_752 | What is described in this image? | [81-85]. Figure 10 shows the development of measured reversing heat capacity during isothermal crystallization of polyamide 12. Similar observations were made for polyethylene (PE) [86], poly(&-caprolactone) (PCL) [75], and PEEK [87] to name a few. crystallinity. Furthermore, it has been shown, and is seen in Fig. 10, ... | |
train_753 | What is described in this image? | The dynamic ADSC measurements shown in Fig. 2 for a sample mass of 11.80 mg encompass the glass transition region of polycarbonate and can be quantified by a number of features, defined by reference to Fig. 3. The important features selected here are Tmid, Fig. 3. Illustration of the measurement of the characteristic f... | |
train_754 | What is described in this image? | paraelectric phase; 1 therefore, changes in density associated with melting, crystallization, and Curie transitions are expected to be apparent using BDS. PVdF-TrFE was filled into AAO membranes, and the permittivity at 100 kHz was measured upon cooling from melt at 1 ℃/min and subsequent heating at the same rate (Figu... | |
train_755 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 4 is the DSC thermograms of DGT/MHHPA, DGF/MHHPA, Fig. 4 DSC thermograms of DGT/MHHPA, DGF/MHHPA, DGT/D230 and DGF/D230 systems at a heating rate of 5 °C min-1 | |
train_756 | What is described in this image? | FT-Raman spectra of black spruce and aspen milled wood (MW) lignins are shown in Figure 8. One can see characteristic peaks at 3068 cm-1 (aromatic C—H stretch), 2939 cm-1 (asymmetric C—H stretch in OCH3), 1661 cm-1 (ring-conjugated C=C stretch; C=O stretch), 1595 cm-1 (symmetric aryl ring stretching), and 1331 cm-1 (al... | |
train_757 | What is described in this image? | (PM-2Cl-PhI); poly(phenethyl diitaconate) (PDPhI) and poly (4chloro phenethyl diitaconate) (PD-4Cl-PhI). Fig. 1 resumes the polymer systems produced by internal plastification. | |
train_758 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 1 Sinusoidal heat flow with different phase lags analyzed by a simulation duplicating the MDSC software, as described in Ref. [11]. The shorter time intervals for all data but the total heat flow HF(t) indicate the restrictions due to the calculations of Eqs Figure 1 illustrates the analysis of the amplitude HF(t)... | |
train_759 | What is described in this image? | The FTIR spectra of the films revealed that some new bands were formed due to CS-CA reaction (Fig. 2). FTIR spectra showed the characteristic bands of chitosan, with a broad band from 3550 to 3050 cm -1, centered at around 3300 cm -1 for control films and at 3255 cm -1 for the films with citric acid, corresponding to t... | |
train_760 | What is described in this image? | detailed analysis of the mode frequencies based on the fits is presented in Fig. 11. The obtained results show that the further disappearance of low frequency bands is not related to any phase transition. It results only from strong broadening. This conclusion is further supported by DSC measurements. | |
train_761 | What is described in this image? | plot (figure 8) for this glass including the @bos values after QES subtraction. It is evident that, even after QES subtraction, the corrected @bos values also display a steep drop as the glass approaches and goes over Tg. Finally, the inset of figure 8 shows a plot of @min against temperature, where @min is the frequen... | |
train_762 | What is described in this image? | In this investigation, 0.7 mm diameter Ni-rich (50.5 at.%) NiTi wire was deposited onto a NiTi baseplate using a conventional TIG torch as the WAAM heat source. The setup is depicted in Fig. 1. A direct current Fig. 1. Experimental setup of the WAAM process | |
train_763 | What is described in this image? | The alpha-beta quartz phase transition causes dramatic changes in properties of the material. Structural changes can be detected using Raman spectroscopy: some vibrational modes do not exist in the beta phase and disappear after the transformation (see Fig. 4a). versus temperature is presented in Fig. 4b. The value of ... | |
train_764 | What is described in this image? | The sizes of nano-SiO2 before and after modification using the laser particle size analyzer are shown in Figure 1. Obviously, the particle size and poly- Figure 1. Results of particle size and particle size distribution of nano-SiO2 and surface-modified nano- SiO2 | |
train_765 | What is described in this image? | Heating and cooling scans of 1-carrageenan (a) and k-carrageenan (b). (Adapted Fig. 8. (Reid et al., 1974). Morris et al. (1980) have recently employed DSC to probe the temperature course of such transitions in carrageenan gels. This approach offered valuable insight into the gelation mechanism. In the presence of K * ... | |
train_766 | What is described in this image? | The electrical conductivities of the resultant PPy/SiC nanocomposite pellets at room temperature are 0.2, 0.4, and 0.027 S/cm for the oxidant/monomer molar ratios of 0.27, 0.50, and 1.09, respectively (Figure 9). The electrical conductivity is observed to increase with the increase of the oxidant/monomer molar ratio. | |
train_767 | What is described in this image? | To investigate the morphologies generated upon isothermal melt crystallization or cooling from the melt a series of experiments were performed. Isothermal crystallization under large supercoolings, that is at low Tcs, lower than 140 °C, leads to formation of condensed spherulites showing the Maltese cross (Fig. 13). At... | |
train_768 | What is described in this image? | Figure 13. Schematic of the combined DSC/SAXS/WAXS experiment [117] | |
train_769 | What is described in this image? | Successful condensation was confirmed by the appearance of amide groups determined via several analyses, as presented in Fig. 2. FT-IR analysis is an important technique to study the structural change in diamine-GO. Representative FT-IR spectra of DDS-GO are presented in Fig. 2a to provide the proof of the successful s... | |
train_770 | What is described in this image? | Heat/(J g-1) = 0.817 x heat/(A/D units) + 6.97 DSC scans for 20% glucose are shown in Fig. 5. Here, melting occurs over a broader temperature range. For the continuous scan, the peak appears at 274 K, Fig. 5. Continuous (10 K min-1) (- | |
train_771 | What is described in this image? | The increase in the thermal resistance of the sample makes that the peaks in the thermograms be shorter. The consequence of the model simulation is that the same effect would take place if the distribution of relaxation times would broaden. Thus, the thermal inertial of the sample introduces an additional uncertainty i... | |
train_772 | What is described in this image? | mechanism of the transformation reaction under constant nucleation. Possible values for n for different mechanisms based on constant or zero nucleation rates are summarized in Table 1. The activation energy, Ec, is evaluated from Eq. (6) by least-squares fitting (Fig. 5) and is 345 kJ/mol. The solid line in Fig. 5 is a... | |
train_773 | What is described in this image? | show the FT-IR analysis results of PEG6000 and polystyrene-graftbromine products. As can be seen from the spectra, there are not present the vibration bands of C-O and -OH groups in the spectrum of polystyrene-graft-bromine whereas the PEG6000 has stretching vibration peak of the =OH group at 3463 cm=1 and C=O group at... | |
train_774 | What is described in this image? | The XRD pattern of the synthesized sample is shown in Fig. 1. | |
train_775 | What is described in this image? | Figure 5 | Phase transition between λ-Τί-90- and β-Τί-90- induced by one-shot laser pulses. a, A mixed sample of λ - and β-phases (λ/β = 2/1) was irradiated with 532 nm pulsed laser light at various laser-power densities. b, The change in amount of λ-TisO_from the ratio 2/1, Δ(λ-Ti-Ω-), versus laserpower density. Clear... | |
train_776 | What is described in this image? | (14). «-T induced the appearance of more than one peak transition for the gel-to-liquid crystalline in DMPE but not in the case of dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DEPE) (Fig. 5), indicating that immiscibilities were taking place in the presence of DMPE, so that phases with different contents in &-T and phospholipid... | |
train_777 | What is described in this image? | N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm curves at 77 K are presented in Fig. 3(a). The h-BN platelets demonstrated a type II isotherm based on the IUPAC classification [16], typical of macroporous or non-porous materials. Minor N2 amounts were adsorbed under lower relative pressures (P/Po < 0.01), while no hysteresis loop wa... | |
train_778 | What is described in this image? | To effectively utilize THIs, it is imperative to know the extent to which they reduce the hydrate formation temperature as well as cooperative interactions between multiple inhibitors (e.g., alcohols in sea water). Models have been developed to predict the effects of methanol [3] and electrolytes [4]; however, the lite... | |
train_779 | What is described in this image? | Figure 10 describes the technique. This allowed characterization of the native chemistry of the cell wall, including natural acetates found on lignin syringyl units and acetyl side groups found acylating xylan and mannan units in hemicelluloses of P. taeda, Populus tremuloides, and Hibiscus cannabinus (Figure 11). In f... | |
train_780 | What is described in this image? | and from 5 °C min=1 to 12 °C min=1 for the third condition (Fig. 5). | |
train_781 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 3 Curves of non-reversing heat flow The curves of the non-reversing heat flow have a more complex profile (Fig. 3). It clearly stands out that the exothermic and endothermic effects are caused by processed occurring with saturated hydrocarbons [16-20]. With the increase of annealing time, there is an increased com... | |
train_782 | What is described in this image? | Chitosan-nanocellulose NCPs represented antimicrobial effects only to the extents of their contact areas; in other words, antimicrobial effect of the NCP, measured by this test, was independent on chitosan, n-cellulose and glycerol concentrations. It deserves to point out that antimicrobial agents, like chitosan, alway... | |
train_783 | What is described in this image? | was employed to uncover and visualize the underlying patterns of variations within a dataset. Figure 3A shows a score plot with oils separated into two groups: refined and cold-pressed ones. Based on the DSC data matrix, the two principal components, t[1] and t[2] were established, which accounted for 80.8% of the vari... | |
train_784 | What is described in this image? | Often the presence of extraneous thermal events such as enthalpic relaxation or moisture loss can confound the measurement of the Tg. The utility of MDSC in these situations has been shown for polymer blends and nylon [11] and in formulation applications [7]. Enthalpic relaxation originates from thermally induced atomi... | |
train_785 | What is described in this image? | intensity), Td2 = 371.8 ℃ (high intensity) and Td3 = 487 ℃ (small intensity)) were detected for non-degraded BSPU1 (Fig. 5a). In the same way, three transitions (Ta1 = 263.1 ℃ (small intensity), Td2 = 358.4 ℃ (high intensity) and Ta3 = 460.3 ℃ (small intensity)) were also observed for non-degraded BSPU2 (Fig. 5b). inte... | |
train_786 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 2 shows the coefficient of elastic energy dissipation and the modulus variation (referred to room temperature) Fig. 2. Temperature dependence of the elastic energy loss function and of the variation of the Young's modulus respect to room temperature as a function of doping. Full (empty) symbols refer to measuremen... | |
train_787 | What is described in this image? | (x = 1/3, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.85) [8]. As a cross-validation, the chemical Li* diffusivities for Li[NixCoyMnz]O2 (x = 1/3, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8) were measured by the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) [18]. As can be seen in Fig. 8, the Li* diffusivity increased with increasing Ni content (x) i... | |
train_788 | What is described in this image? | Figure 3 presents the dependence of the glass transition temperature and fictive temperature on heating/cooling rates together with the linear regression line. The slope gives the apparent activation energy, Ea. Good linearity is observed between the Tx and heating/cooling rates. The heating and cooling modes lead to s... | |
train_789 | What is described in this image? | For clarity, the double logarithmic plot of the frequency dependence of the real part of the ac conductivity at two selected temperatures is displayed in Fig. 9(a,b). As can be seen, each curve displays conductivity dispersion, which is strongly dependent on frequency and temperature. o'(f) increases monotonically with... | |
train_790 | What is described in this image? | Thermal degradation measurements were carried out in the temperature range of 25-600 ℃ for SKF 32, F-32L, KeL-F, FK 800 and FKM under nitrogen atmosphere. Figure 4 shows TG and its corresponding DTG curves. TG/DTG Fig. 4 TG and its DTG curves of SKF 32 (long dashed lines), F-32L (long dotted dashed lines), KeL-F Figure... | |
train_791 | What is described in this image? | where A and B are constants. The value of A gives information about the glasstransition temperature for a heating rate of 1 K · min-1. It has been found by various researchers that the value of B in Eq. 5 is related to the cooling rate of the melt; the lower is the cooling rate of the melt, the lower is the value of B.... | |
train_792 | What is described in this image? | Figure 5 summarizes our DSC results of glass transition temperature of cellulose with different water contents (triangles). The results are shown together with the experimental curve (dashed line) of Batzer and Kreibich (1981) and that calculated (for cellulose of 0, 55, and 80% crystallinity index) by Salmén and Back ... | |
train_793 | What is described in this image? | Thermogravimetric analysis was employed in order to observe the effect of each structural ring (benzene, naphthalane or furan) on the thermal stability of the polyesters under study (Fig. 10). | |
train_794 | What is described in this image? | Using our DSC data as well as information from more recent PC/cholesterol spectroscopic studies [17,31] we propose a revised form of the DPPC/cholesterol 'phase diagram' (or perhaps more accurately a temperature/composition diagram) in Fig. 8. Similar to the majority of prior | |
train_795 | What is described in this image? | Alamar Blue assay uses resazurin reduction to red fluorescent dye resorufin by live cells through cell metabolism. In Fig. 7, the cell toxicity of KP3 group increased significantly after arriving at the concentration of 0.1 mg/ml, while for the KP5 group, this turning point appeared at the concentration of 1 mg/ml. The... | |
train_796 | What is described in this image? | The corrosion behavior of real epoxy systems was investigated by the EIS. In the sodium chloride solution pure epoxy coating showed no indication of corrosion, even after 100 days of immersion, so the corrosion was investigated in more aggressive 0.1 M H2SO4. From Fig. 11, where the dependence of the impedance magnitud... | |
train_797 | What is described in this image? | epoxy system. In the present study, the sample was placed in aluminium pan with a pieced lid, which should be the same case as the published paper. Figure 2 demonstrates the second heating run of dynamic DSC scans of the prepreg sample. According to these results presented in Figure 2, complete polymerization of the re... | |
train_798 | What is described in this image? | Optical photomicrographs of the PCM-water emulsion with Tween 80-Span 20 under 400 x and 1000 x magnification are presented in Fig. 6(a) and (b). The size and shape of the droplets can be observed clearly and are consistent with the results from the DLS, with a centralised outer diameter of 0.1–10 µm. As the photos wer... | |
train_799 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 3 DTA curves of CuAlNi SMA aged under the equal period of 5 min for different pressures with a heating rate of 15 ℃ min- Differential thermal analysis TG/DTA measurements are used to determine the order-disorder phase transitions at high temperatures. The DTA results of the samples aged under different pressure fo... |
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