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train_500 | What is described in this image? | resulted in intensity reduction for these two peaks, suggesting disruption of drug-polymer specific interactions in favor of drug-drug interactions in the amorphous form. In addition, DSC results clearly indicated the presence of two Tss, followed by recrystallization and subsequent melting of pimozide upon further hea... | |
train_501 | What is described in this image? | However this explanation is not consistent with Fig. 3, i.e. the Hyperion nanotubes fall more or less on the same line as the other samples (except for the Baytubes® C150P). Further arguing against this interpretation is that the difference in high temperature storage modulus based on aspect ratio is far larger than th... | |
train_502 | What is described in this image? | plot shown in figure 6 using equation (6). From the n value and the average value of mEc, the activation energy for crystallization of the Se85Te15 chalcogenide glass is found to be equal to (170.95 ±2.9) kJ mol-1. Figure 6. Plot of In[-In(1 - x)] against 1000/T for SessTe15 chalcogenide glass at different heating rate... | |
train_503 | What is described in this image? | Figure 6. 3D AFM height images of the fractured surface of the synthesized PUs: (a) PUS1-15, (b) PUS1-30, (c) PUS2-15, | |
train_504 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 4 presents the SEM images of diatomite samples prepared in experiments. There were many porous structures in the diatomite shell and many diatom fragments and impurities on the surface of the diatomite from Fig. 4a. After calcination, the diatom fragments and impurities on the diatomite were obviously fused compar... | |
train_505 | What is described in this image? | Thermal stability of the alloys were investigated by DSC (Fig. 2). During heating, all the DSC traces showed an endothermic event, characteristics of glass transition and followed by exothermic reactions corresponding to crystallization of the undercooled liquid. T and Tx of the base alloy, C043Fe20Ta5.5B31.5, alloy ar... | |
train_506 | What is described in this image? | Figure 4 shows the s-weighted structure functions of the capillary-condensed water in Ph-PMO pores, together with that of bulk water at 298 K for comparison. At the temperatures below 230 K Bragg peaks appeared at s = 1.7 and 2.7 Å-1 and were evolved with lowering temperature. These peaks were due to the formation of i... | |
train_507 | What is described in this image? | The optical absorption spectra and the corresponding transmission spectra for all the prepared glasses measured in the wavelength range 300–800 nm are shown in Fig. 5 and in inset of Fig. 5. One can see from Fig. 5 that the absorption edges in the spectra are not sharp confirming the amorphous nature of the synthesized... | |
train_508 | What is described in this image? | Figure 4. The temperature difference measured by thermocouples between the pan and test materials when a change of thermal conductivity or density of the sample occurs. | |
train_509 | What is described in this image? | milling amorphized chalcogenide. 31 The enthalpy relaxation in the milling amorphized Ag3PS4 (Figure 34) was found to significantly differ from that of the HQ oxide glasses (Figure 35) in three aspects. First, two decoupled peaks were observed (rather than one) due to the energy released in the Co curve of the amorphou... | |
train_510 | What is described in this image? | Figure 1. A typical DSC thermogram of a starch-water system with a heating rate of 10°C/min. The each letter or number shown on the DSC thermogram represented the end temperature of RVA pre-heating. Preparation of Starch Samples Using a RVA Instrument. To obtain sufficient material to characterize structural changes of... | |
train_511 | What is described in this image? | Figure 2 Ratio of the engineering yield stress to temperature against the logarithm of the strain-rate (e in s-1) for tensile tests performed on unannealed samples (4) and on samples annealed at 120°C during 46 h (○). The set of parallel straight lines is calculated from equation (6) and Table 1 Tensile yield stress da... | |
train_512 | What is described in this image? | FeCoNi(CuAl)0.8 alloys are presented in Fig. 5. The intensities of Fig. 5. XRD patterns of the as-cast and annealed (at 573-673 K) FeCoNi(CuAl)0s. | |
train_513 | What is described in this image? | The room temperature vibration spectra of the glasses were obtained using KBr pellet technique in the range 400 - 4000 cm-1. A typical FTIR spectrum of the as-prepared glass containing 50% B2O3 is shown in Figure 5. As expected, these spectra exhibit broad absorption bands as a consequence of the general disorder in th... | |
train_514 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 9. Urbach plot of TeO2-Ag2O-WO3 glasses. where ao is constant and △E is the width of the band tails of electron states in the forbidden band gap and which is also known as the Urbach energy. This relation was first proposed by Urbach to describe the absorption edge in alkali halide crystals [45]. Fig. 9 shows the ... | |
train_515 | What is described in this image? | scans of PLLA films annealed at 80 °C before and after hydrolysis, Fig. 12c. DSC scans of PLLA films annealed at 110 °C before and after hydrolysis. Fig. 12a–c show the DSC scans of PLLA films annealed at RT, 80 °C | |
train_516 | What is described in this image? | copolymers, where A = PPO and B = PEEGE, varied between 7 and 23 °C, while those of BAB copolymers were lower, between 7 and 18°C. In both cases the terminal blocks were considerably shorter than the middle block. The ABA copolymers formed stable micelles but underwent secondary aggregation above the certain compositio... | |
train_517 | What is described in this image? | Figures 3 and 4 are the three dimensional diagrams for PAS and PAMS with T, on the vertical axis and the water content and degree of hydrolysis of the polymers on the horizontal axes. In these Figures, the point E shows each T of completely hydrolyzed polymers (PHS 455 K in Figure 3 and PHMS 415 K in Figure 4, respecti... | |
train_518 | What is described in this image? | (Fig. 5). The cooling process is connected with a pronounced hysteresis in the phase transition (Fig. 5). The La phase transforms into the lamellar gel phase only below 40 ℃. In the metastable region between 47 and (Fig. 5). The cooling process is connected with a pronounced hysteresis in the phase transition (Fig. 5).... | |
train_519 | What is described in this image? | Figure 5. Observed morphologies of (a, b) a-CL-20 from 1-propanol, and (c, d) /8-CL-20 from 3:1 1-propanol/2-butanone. The view in all cases is down the b-axis. Images were created in Winmorph.45 Our mixed solvent systems were designed to improve the solubility not rapidly decrease it as in solvent-antisolvent systems.... | |
train_520 | What is described in this image? | All films were prepared at 500 um in silicone molds and covered with glass slides while curing. Figure 4 shows the DSC scans of all nine films divided into sets grouped by the functionality of the thiol for clarity. Figure 4. DSC vs temperature of DMA E' plots for photopolymerized networks formed from 2:1 thiol:alkyne ... | |
train_521 | What is described in this image? | FTIR absorption spectra of bismuth titanium borotellurite glasses show broad bands in the wavenumber ranges: 507 to 817 cm-1, 817 to 1121 cm -1 and 1121 to 1479 cm-1. These bands represent the vibrational modes of tellurite and borate structural units (Table 5) Fig. 11 shows the FTIR spectra of glasses. The co-ordinat... | |
train_522 | What is described in this image? | (Figure 4, Table 1). For the single drugs, Tos of 278.19 ± Figure 4. DSC thermograms showing the Tss of in situ prepared quench cooled NAP, quench cooled IND and the quench cooled mixtures of both drugs in the molar ratios 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2 (NAP:IND). | |
train_523 | What is described in this image? | nization reaction and low molar mass oligomers vanished as observed in SEC traces (Figure 10). | |
train_524 | What is described in this image? | Bitumen and asphalt as petroleum-based products of crude oil processing are of great interest for paving and road construction. Since these materials undergo severe temperature changes, it is very important to study their structures prior to their large-scale utilization. Differential scanning calorimetry allows one to... | |
train_525 | What is described in this image? | The curing behavior of the resins was investigated by detecting any residual exothermal heat in the DSC thermograms of cured specimens. As shown in Fig. 8, there are no remaining unreacted double bonds in the cured resins and the resins can therefore be verified as completely cured. Resins containing FDCA in the struct... | |
train_526 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 3. Plot of onset temperatures for the ß -> y phase transformation versus isothermal hold times at 150°C. (Fig. 3). | |
train_527 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 1. The tensile strength of SBR/NBRr blends with and without ENR-50. The tensile strength of SBR/NBRr blends with and without ENR-50 is presented in Fig. 1. In general, both SBR/ NBRr blends showed the same trend, where the tensile strength decreases as NBRr increased. These observations are mainly attributed to in... | |
train_528 | What is described in this image? | In Fig. 2, the measured enthalpy increment values (HT - H22) Fig. 2. The temperature variation of enthalpy obtained using drop calorimetry is graphically portrayed. It must be mentioned that if initial tempering was not properly carried out in the sense, that the starting microstructure contained some traces of untempe... | |
train_529 | What is described in this image? | R2(cum) and Q2X(cum)) indicated that the model established by the OPLS-DA fitted the data of DSC profiles and enabled reliable classification of oils into six classes. The variables influence on projection (VIP) plot shown in Figure 5 reflects selected variables, which are of the highest importance for oil differentiat... | |
train_530 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 2 SEM image of the side view of three-layered specimen with the substrate (Hatelloy-X), the bond coating (NiCoCrAIY), and the TBC of NiCoCrAIY in 190 um thickness by VPS (vacuum plasma spray) method. The TBC layer was made of ceramic material, 4 mol% of YSZ (Yttria Stabilized Zirconia), in 130 um thickness by EB-P... | |
train_531 | What is described in this image? | The chemical structures of the monomers were confirmed by 1H, 13C NMR, FTIR and elemental analysis. Fig. 1 shows the 1H NMR spectra of all the bis(benzoxazine-maleimide) monomers. The characteristic proton resonances of the oxazine ring appear as two singlets at 4.62–4.68 and 5.42-5.48 ppm which are assigned to -CH 2-N... | |
train_532 | What is described in this image? | The epoxy resin as the commercially available diglycidylether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) supplied by Feichengdeyuan Chem. of China (E-51) with an epoxide equivalent weight (EEW) of 185208 g/eq. 4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM) was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. Nano-Al2O3 (α-Al2O3) was obtained from N... | |
train_533 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 6a shows a series of DSC curves which plot the heat flow as a function of time at isothermal 60 °C conditions for 1 h. Exothermic reactions are upwards. The neat PLA experiences a melt after 100 s at 60 °C while the crosslinked, sensitized PLA with 10 wt% TAIC does not show the characteristic melt peak of thermopl... | |
train_534 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 2 shows the temperature dependence of the specific heat capacity of NBT and 0.92NBT-0.08BT in the temperature range of 20-200 °C. The absence of an obvious jump in C-T curve indicates the relaxor characteristic of NBT and 0.92NBT-0.08BT ferroelectric ceramics within the experimental temperature range. Fig. 2. The ... | |
train_535 | What is described in this image? | Figure 5. Relaxation and experimental time scale match. The glass transition is observed at the temperature To, where the pace of change of the relaxation time matches the speed of the experimental clock (see eq 8). The particular value of the relaxation time, t*, as well as T* With this criterion, the point (T*, T%) t... | |
train_536 | What is described in this image? | The calculation of ß is performed by the fitting Cp(T) curves using the Tool-Narayanaswamyof Moynihan model, as described elsewhere [7]. Eight curves, obtained at different heating rates (20200 K/ms) are fitted simultaneously. Figure 4 displays In(B) as a function of reciprocal thickness 1/d. The linear dependence in t... | |
train_537 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 8(a) and (b) shows the PL emission spectra of the un-annealed and annealed samples, respectively, at an excitation wavelength of 330 nm. As shown in Fig. 8(a) and (b), the PL emission spectra are broad and cover the entire visible region with multiple peaks. Different researchers have reported band-edge PL emissio... | |
train_538 | What is described in this image? | Since the scheme is designed to measure inhibited equilibrium temperatures, it should be robust enough to determine uninhibited phase boundaries as well. Figure 6 also contains data for uninhibited hydrate obtained using this scheme, comparing to previously published hydrate phase boundary data [20] with a representati... | |
train_539 | What is described in this image? | spectroscopy to investigate the chemical compatibility between the eutectic mixtures and expanded VMT. Fig. 3a shows FT-IR spectra of the eutectic mixtures and composite PCMs. From Fig. 3a, the FTIR spectrum of composite PCMs was compared with that of eutectic mixtures of pure CA-LA, CA-PA and CA-SA and it is found som... | |
train_540 | What is described in this image? | The linear least-squares fits in the plots of the measured total pore volume Vp against the reference values provided by Hg intrusion are very reasonable, as seen by the dashed lines for chlorobenzene (slope= 1.14) and water (slope = 1.03) in Figs. 26b and 27b, respectively. The result for cyclohexane does not show as ... | |
train_541 | What is described in this image? | -72°C (Fig. 3) in all measurements on tuna muscle (six samples heated from -150°C without any annealing and six samples heated from -100℃ after isothermal hold for 30 min at -30°C). The presence of this transition in all samples implied that it was not as sensitive to the protocol used as the transitions observed at hi... | |
train_542 | What is described in this image? | By the TGA analysis, mass losses of erythritol and all synthesized PCCs upon heating were determined. The plot of the sample mass in respect to the initial mass (mgc) vs. temperature is presented in Figure 4(a). It can be observed that all investigated materials behave similarly. Initiation of the significant the mass ... | |
train_543 | What is described in this image? | The relationship between the degree of hydrolysis and the glass transition temperature (T) is shown in Figure 2 for PAS and PAMS. The T's increase almost linearly with increasing hydrolysis. The T's of PHS and PHMS hydrolyzed PAMS, as is shown in Figure 2. Barb10 pointed out in his study of the glass transition of mono... | |
train_544 | What is described in this image? | The plots of the variation of (Tc - Ts) with Pb concentration are shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 4 Variation of (a) Tc - Tg and (b) Kg] with lead (Pb) concentration | |
train_545 | What is described in this image? | MPEG-b-PDMAEMA diblock copolymers (Fig. 16) with block ratios ~1:2 and ~1:4 showed an S-I transition at neutral pH (PDMAEMA partially protonated) and an S- Fig. 16. Temperature-dependent transmittance curves for mPEG-b-PDMAEMA at pH 3 (black squares), pH 8 (red circles), pH 10 (blue upward triangles), | |
train_546 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 10 illustrates the SEM micrograph taken from the tensile fracture surfaces of SBR/NBRr blends with ENR-50 [Fig. 10(a, c)] and SBR/NBRr blends without ENR-50 [Fig. 10(b, d)]. It can be seen that Fig. 10(a, c) shows rougher surfaces with many tear lines, meaning more energy is needed to break the sample compared to ... | |
train_547 | What is described in this image? | irradiation, we irradiated 25 µm PP films for increasing amounts of time. Fig. 6 (see Tables S14 and S15†) shows the total number of microplastics formed upon irradiation of 254 nm light for 0 (control), 24, 48, and 72 h per side. Temperature was periodically monitored during the irradiation to ensure thermal degradati... | |
train_548 | What is described in this image? | Typical transition data for several phosphatidylcholines obtained by high-sensitivity DSC (Hinz and Sturtevant, 1972a; Mabrey and Sturtevant, 1976, 1977) are shown in Fig. 3 (curves a, b, d) and the positions and enthalpies of the transitions are summarized in Table I. These data agree for the most part with those obta... | |
train_549 | What is described in this image? | In Figure 10 are depicted the corresponding thermograms in function of the plate's temperature. Two representations are used: the direct one in Figure 10a and another one (the normalized curve), in Figure 10b, where the heat flow-rate @ is divided by the mass of the sample. Two representations are used: the direct one ... | |
train_550 | What is described in this image? | A typical DSC experiment begins by weighing an empty sample pan (Fig. 5.1). (Fig. 5.2), is related to the change in heat capacity as the material goes through the transition from one state to another. The change in heat capacity is usually determined as the difference between the heat capacity at the onset and that at ... | |
train_551 | What is described in this image? | The number of the modes appears mostly as a multiplication of the parent modes observed for pure PZ, so they can be explained assuming that we are dealing with so-called mixed crystals. Mixed crystal tends to exhibit more Raman lines than a single-component crystal of the same structure.34 Among these additional modes,... | |
train_552 | What is described in this image? | Figure 1. (a) Heat flows curves for bitumen; (b) Chromatogram for macrocrystalline paraffins of bitumen. Deconvolution of the total heat flow of the TMDSC is illustrated in Figure 1a. It is clear that the reversing component determines the general nature of heat flow change, and the non-reversing component complements ... | |
train_553 | What is described in this image? | The DSC data agrees well with the values calculated by the Gordon-Taylor equation, indicating ideal miscibility between the drug and the polymer at the drug loads tested (10-60%) as demonstrated in Fig. 5. In comparison, Fig. 6 shows the TSDC experimental data and the values calculated by the Gordon-Taylor equation com... | |
train_554 | What is described in this image? | Figure 3 shows the XRD patterns for electrospun PCL, PCL/PGA, and PGA nanofibrous scaffolds. Figure 3 XRD curve of the electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds. (a) Neat PCL, (b) PCL/PGA (50/50), and (c) neat PGA. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.] | |
train_555 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 7. DSC thermograms of N,O-carboxymethyl chitosans (a) DS,0.22 (b) DS,0.55 (c) DS,1.10 (d) DS,1.27. It was decided to study the effect of carboxymethylation on chitosan and to determine the relationship between peak area and peak height wiith DS. N,O-Carboxymethyl chitosan was selected because of ease of preparatio... | |
train_556 | What is described in this image? | Figure 2 shows the result relative to the temperature profiles generated through the pipe wall thickness during the process at different times (curves are shown by one minute steps). It is interesting to note from Fig. 2 that the temperature gradient at the external surface, where water at 75℃ is circulated, is directe... | |
train_557 | What is described in this image? | First, the heat flow signal to the empty pan is measured. Then, the heat flow to a reference material, which is a high purity synthetic sapphire, is measured. Finally, an actual material is measured. All these three steps should be done under the same conditions, such as same pan/lid, heating rate and atmosphere condit... | |
train_558 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 9. Heating rate dependence of transition temperatures for DSC and TMDSC measurements (PE DSC-7). □ - DSC TIn (onset) Fig. 9 shows that the indium peak onset temperature was unaffected by the heating rate. This was because of automatic thermal lag compensation [42] which could not be switched off in our equipment. ... | |
train_559 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 8. Dependence of To and T' on the cooling rate (q) for dilatometry and DSC. The solid symbols represent the Ta values and the open symbols represent T' values. The solid lines and the dashed lines represent the best fits to Tg and Th data, respectively. The values of Tg and Tt as a function of cooling rate for bot... | |
train_560 | What is described in this image? | Figure 6. Temperature dependence of (a) electrical conductivity, (b) Seebeck coefficient, (c) power factor, (d) total thermal conductivity, (e) lattice thermal conductivity, and (f) figure of merit ZT of Na001(Sn1-xPbx)0,99Se (x = 0-0.2). The enhanced nH remarkably improves the o to 59 S cm-1 for Na001 (Sna95Pba05)0.99... | |
train_561 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 4 Carbonyl index of the samples before and after 360 days of degradation The results are shown in the Fig. 4. For PLA, CI was calculated for the band at 1754 cm-1 (C=O) and at 1452 cm-1 (reference) and changed from 4.94 to 5.13. For the PBAT, bands at 1712 and 1455 cm-1 were considered, and CI changed from 2.96 to... | |
train_562 | What is described in this image? | Salol, or phenyl-2-hydroxybenzoate, or phenyl salicylate (see Fig. 1) are three names for an ester with diversified applications, namely as a stabilizer for cellulosic and vinyl plastics, as an ingredient for suntan preparations, and also as an analgesic and antipyretic. Furthermore, it is a fragile glassforming substa... | |
train_563 | What is described in this image? | Mechanism of the Shape-Memory Effects of Polyimide. The shape-memory effect of SMP is generally explained by dual-state mechanism, in which the molecular chains are regarded as the reversible phase and the nodes of macromolecule segments attributed to physical or chemical crosslinks are regarded as the permanent phase.... | |
train_564 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 6 - TGA curves for the PEEK based laminates obtained under dry air atmosphere at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min. For comparative purposes, only the temperature range between 480 and 680 ℃ is plotted. TGA experiments were carried out under dry air atmosphere, and the corresponding thermograms are depicted in Fig. 6; th... | |
train_565 | What is described in this image? | with the composition.14 However, the structure of a glass is not sensitive enough to the dynamic slowing-down during the glass transition, so it is difficult to reveal the structural origin of the temperature dependence of Cp,conf(Tg) during the glass transition. However, it is possible to detect the structure dependen... | |
train_566 | What is described in this image? | Figure 1. Saturation solubility of different NPs (GBS0-9, GBE0-9) and pure drug; **p < 0.01, analyzed by ANOVA followed by Dunnett s test, compared with pure drug NPS (NPs) systems have the advantage of having an even greater surface area, and being characterized, unlike micronized drugs, by an increase in saturation s... | |
train_567 | What is described in this image? | In the case of pyrrole monomer as shown in Figure 5, resistivity decreases with increase in concentration up to 0.05 M, beyond which resistivity increased with increasing pyrrole monomer concentrations. Hence, lower resistivity and higher conductivity were achieved at 0.05 M monomer concentration. | |
train_568 | What is described in this image? | 3.3.1. DSC thermograms The thermal properties of pure PVA and PVA/CeCl3 films were investigated to analyze the effect of cerium chloride content on glass transition temperature, To, melting temperature, Tm, degradation temperature Ta, heat-of-fusion, AH, and crystallinity, %, of PVA films. The DSC thermograms for pure ... | |
train_569 | What is described in this image? | is introduced due to the optical absorption of AuNP. By normalizing the pillar length to its value at 30 ℃, the length-temperature data obtained in the photothermal and thermal actuation experiments can be superposed by up-shifting the temperature of the former a constant. This point can be clearly seen in Figure 8, wh... | |
train_570 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 5. (a) The XPS survey spectra of SBR latex modified cement at 28 days. (b) Ca2p peak fitted of pristine cenent at 28 days. (c) Ca2p peak fitted of S8R Latex modified cement with polymer-cement ratio of 12.5% at 28 days. (d) The XPS survey spectra of XSBRI modified cement at 28 days. Ca 2p fitted of XSBRI modified ... | |
train_571 | What is described in this image? | The principal reason of higher NOx emission from low cetane indexed fuels is the higher peak heat release rate and imminent expansion of high temperature into the combustion chamber. According to the phenomenon, diesel-biodiesel-higher alcohol blends increased the NOx emission compared to diesel as shown in Fig. 8. Sim... | |
train_572 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 6 AZP degree of crystallinity obtained with DCS method | |
train_573 | What is described in this image? | Using Kissinger plots (Fig. 6), we have explored the scan rate dependence of the endothermic peak positions of the N-I phase transitions. These plots relate the transition peak temperature and scan rate through the Arrhenius equation:24 Fig. 6 Kissinger plots relating the N–I phase transition temperatures of 5CB and 7C... | |
train_574 | What is described in this image? | proton peaks are difficult to resolve owing to their occurrence in a relatively narrow ppm range and some heteronuclei coupling with phosphorus [55]. As shown in the spectra of PSA, the resonance signal in the range of 6.53–7.90 ppm are assigned to the aromatic protons for the benzene rings of the backbone. Additionall... | |
train_575 | What is described in this image? | The variation of EBF for glass A (as an example) against photon energy (0.015-15 MeV) is shown in Fig. 8 and the similar shape was observed for the remaining other glasses (B-I). In addition, it is obvious that in the low energy region (0.015-0.3 MeV), the EBF values are almost unity for all penetration depths. Also, a... | |
train_576 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 10 shows the stress dependence of the Ms, determined from the thermal cycling results shown in Fig. 4. The results indicate that the critical stress for the start of forward transformation has a linear relationship with temperature. This linear behavior satisfies the Clausius-Clapeyron (CC) relation, i.e. Δσ/ΔT = ... | |
train_577 | What is described in this image? | (E'), loss modulus (E"), and damping factor (tan 8) of TPU/organoclay nanocomposites and their pristine counterpart at room temperature are shown in Fig. 12(a-c). The storage and loss moduli of the nanocomposites are substantially higher than that of their pristine counterpart for all frequency because of the strong di... | |
train_578 | What is described in this image? | Figure 7. Isochronal evolution of the storage modulus (E') versus temperature of unfilled PLANW and grafted CNW-based nanocomposites. DMTA curves reported in Figure 7 present the isochronal evolution of the recorded storage modulus (E'), and those in Figure 8 present the loss modulus (E') as a function of temperature. ... | |
train_579 | What is described in this image? | Starch, like most other polymeric materials, has poor thermal conductivity; especially granular starch, since the bulk density of starch granules is so low. In order to improve thermal conductivity, the starch sample in the pan is shaken using an ultra-sound bath to pack the granules tightly. Fig. 2 shows the results f... | |
train_580 | What is described in this image? | Two different formulations of UV-curable coating consisting of oligomer based on urethane acrylate, monomer and photoinitiator were prepared (Table 1). Chemical structures of the monomers and the photoinitiator used are shown in Figure 1. In each formulation the chemicals were mixed in a round-bottom flask equipped wit... | |
train_581 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 3. Fluorescence emission spectroscopy of HEWL.(2 μM, curves a) in the presence of various (A) PR concentrations (0, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 μM, curves b to 0 ) and (B) in the absence and presence of the PR/PG at 302.15, 306.15 and 310.15 K are shown in Fig. S2 and Fig. 3 respectively. The fluorescence intensity of HEWL ... | |
train_582 | What is described in this image? | The FTIR spectrum for pure PVC film showed characteristic peaks of this polymer (Fig. 8). C-H bond stretching is observed at 2911 cm-1, CH2 groups deformation at 1333 cm 1, out of plane angular deformation (øCH) at 1254 cm = 1, out of plane trans deformation ( ωCH ) at 959 cm = 1 and C-Cl bond stretching at 836 cm™1. T... | |
train_583 | What is described in this image? | Figure 7 illustrates the Raman spectra of 50P₂O÷xCaO-(50-x)K₂O glasses (where x= 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mol%). The spectra reveal six peaks at 1175, 1098, 990, 780, 680 and 555 cm1. The band located at 1175 cm- is attributed to the symmetric vibration v.(PO2) of the oxygen atoms non-bridged (ONB) which are linked to the ... | |
train_584 | What is described in this image? | (called the G band) corresponds to the stretching vibration mode with E2g symmetry in the aromatic layers of the graphite crystalline, whereas the latter (called the D band) represents disordered graphite or glassy carbons.32 As shown in Fig. 8, each spectrum was subjected to peak fitting using the curve fitting softwa... | |
train_585 | What is described in this image? | In a collaborative effort, Priestley and Cangialosi investigated the segmental dynamics and To of PS nanospheres using CD and DRS, respectively [64]. Here, a film of dried PS nanospheres was prepared between Au electrodes using a Teflon spacer. The films were dried under vacuum at room temperature to remove residual wa... | |
train_586 | What is described in this image? | The complex impedance plot of PVP:KBrO4 (95:05) polymer electrolyte at different temperatures is shown in Fig. 5. This figure shows two well defined regions; a high frequency semicircle related to the parallel combination of a resistor and a capacitor and a low frequency spike representing formation of double layer cap... | |
train_587 | What is described in this image? | 3.2.1. Thermal Gravitational Analysis. Figure 8a shows the thermograms of pure polypyrrole and the PPy/SiC (nanorod) 3.2.2. SEM Analysis. Figure 8b shows the SEM microstructures of the as-prepared SiC nanorods (inset) and PPy/SiC 3.2.3. Electrical Conductivity. Figure 8c shows the temperature-dependent resistivity of p... | |
train_588 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 1. (A) Cole-Cole plot for (a) 90CA:10NH4NO3, (b) 80CA:20NH4NO3, (c) The ionic conductivity of BPEs depends on several factors, such as ionic conducting species, types of charge carriers (cationic or anionic) and the temperature. The evolution of the typical impedance plot (Z' and Z") as a function of variation in ... | |
train_589 | What is described in this image? | Thermal evolution of lattice parameters of the BisTi3FeO15 and BigTi3Fe2O18 compounds are shown in Fig. 3. The transition temperature from orthorhombic phase to tetragonal phase is about 1021 K for BisTi3FeO15, and about 973 K for BigTi3Fe2O18, in good agreement with those of the LT transitions determined by DSC. The H... | |
train_590 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 18. A systematic change of 18.2 nm diameter CPG to cyclohexane mass ratio provides a quantitative measure of the total pore volume Vo from the slope and the liquid density. The thermoporometry value, 1.11 cm3/g, compares favorably with the stated Hg intrusion value of 0.97 cm3/g, cf. Table 2. concentration series,... | |
train_591 | What is described in this image? | (Fig. 1 A and B). These results verify previous reports (7-9) and extend their findings by showing that cold acclimation does not appear to be an essential prerequisite for attaining high freeze tolerance. We found that reaching the appropriate stage of diapause development [i.e., transition from initiation to maintena... | |
train_592 | What is described in this image? | This is shown as the shaded area in Figure 1. As such, the enthalpy can be calculated as follows: Figure 1. DSC test curves showing the relationship between heat flux and enthalpy as a function of temperature. | |
train_593 | What is described in this image? | By considering the phase structure of PLLA/POM blends quenched from the miscible region, the double T depressions have been attributed to the negative pressure resulting from differential contraction due to the thermal expansion mismatch between PLLA and POM phases, as shown in Figure 10. The PLLA/POM blends are homoge... | |
train_594 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 12 is a SEM micrograph showing the surface of the Chi/Alg | |
train_595 | What is described in this image? | The plots of Fig. 15 provide the x dependence of lineshape parameters of CM. For the CM, we had noted that the majority mode frequency (CMhish) is, in general, higher than the minority mode (CM(0") frequency. The normalized scattering strength ratios of the majority and minority CM appear in Fig. 15(b), and as expected... | |
train_596 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 7 displays the XRD patterns of pure PA, NDG and PA/NDG Fig. 7. XRD patterns of NDG, pure PA and PA/NDG composite PCM. | |
train_597 | What is described in this image? | (see Figure 5c below). The shorter PET polymer chains could have fold among themselves and rearranged into intercrystalline domains resulting in a higher crystallinity compared to the physically aged samples.[27] and CP-PET at different stages of enzymatic degradation are shown in Figure 5a,b. Both spectra of the untre... | |
train_598 | What is described in this image? | The enthalpy change (AH) associated with these processes can be calculated by the integral of the heat capacity over the temperature range, as observed in the DSC thermogram peak (Fig. 1): The temperature-dependent heat capacity curve of a lipid bilayer, obtained using DSC, can provide insights into the phase behavior.... | |
train_599 | What is described in this image? | DSC provides information on the temperature dependence of the excess apparent specific heat over a wide temperature range (Cp vs T curves, Fig. 1). This allows the determination of the thermodynamic functions for well defined molecular systems. |
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