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train_600 | What is described in this image? | Figure 1. FT-IR spectra of PVDF and its nanocomposites with different concentrations of TDPA-BaTiO3 nanoparticles. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.] BaTiO3 nanoparticles were shown in Figure 1. The infrared transmittance bands at 764 and 839 cm-1 represent a... | |
train_601 | What is described in this image? | In Fig. 3, the peak A at around 220 cm-1, observed in the Raman spectrum of all the TWG glass samples, might be assigned as a boson peak associated to light scattering due to acoustic-like vibrations of the disordered structure. However, origin of this band at 220 cm=1 remains to be not fully clear [16,17]. The peak B ... | |
train_602 | What is described in this image? | In this work, we obtained glass transition temperatures using rheology of various polymers, with values between -50 ℃ and 200 ℃. We use Tss from rheology to derive a simple correlation between Tg and the chemical structure of conjugated polymers with alkyl side chains. Altogether, we examine materials based on polyalky... | |
train_603 | What is described in this image? | (10 µM) are shown in Fig. 2. The spectral profile was significantly changed when 60% water was added into the THF solution. Fig. 2 UV-vis absorption spectra of AnP3, AnP4 and AnP4P in THF-water mixtures with different water fractions. | |
train_604 | What is described in this image? | corresponds to the a-relaxation of the amorphous regions in PLA.30 The glass transition temperature (Tg) seems to increase with increasing SF content. This shows that the presence of fibre restricts the segmental motion of the polymer chains. The loss modulus curves in Figure 10 confirm this slight increase in the glas... | |
train_605 | What is described in this image? | patterns for titanium tellurite and titanium bismuth borotellurite glass samples are shown in Fig. 1(a) and (b). | |
train_606 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 9. DMA - loss modulus as function of temperature, material 2. Generally, the curves are similar for both materials. Also, material 2 shows a significant decrease in storage modulus starting from about -40 °C which, together with the peak in storage modulus, is typical for the glass transition. Just as for material... | |
train_607 | What is described in this image? | Figure 1 shows the DSC curves of Bi5Ti3FeO15 and BigTi3Fe2O18 compounds. Two endothermic peaks on heating and two exothermic peaks on cooling were detected for both the compounds, indicating a reversibility of the transitions. The transition at higher-temperature (HT) shows a large thermal hysteresis, whereas the trans... | |
train_608 | What is described in this image? | Freezing started at -2.3 ℃ at t = 0. For each temperature, the ice volume extends from x = 0 to the left end of the corresponding curve. Just at the ice-liquid boundary, according to the condition of local thermodynamic equilibrium, the composition of the liquid was determined by the liquidus (figure 3). In the beginni... | |
train_609 | What is described in this image? | Complementary information of the network structure inside the composite glass is provided by the Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. FTIR spectra of the prepared glasses are shown in Fig. 4. The IR transmittance spectra features observed for various glass samples in the frequency region 400-1200 cm-1 are associate... | |
train_610 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 8. Change in AC, with respect to the filler loading of the nanocomposites. The change in Cp between the curves, before and after To is termed as ΔCp. The corresponding value for the polystyrene matrix is calculated as 0.275, which is comparable with the athas data bank values (39). The change in ΔCp against filler... | |
train_611 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 11 SPR shift of PVA-encapsulated silver nanoparticle with respect to concentration of BSA that the adsorbed protein will form a layer on the sensing system thereby preventing excess BSA fragments from the vicinity of the sensing element (Fig. 9) which is also supported by the plasmon shift towards red wavelength. ... | |
train_612 | What is described in this image? | Calculated internal pipe wall surface temperatures variations as a function of time are shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 3. Simulation results of the internal pipe wall surface temperature progress during centrifugal processing The temperature at the internal surface was monitored with an optical pyrometer and it is reported in F... | |
train_613 | What is described in this image? | The drug and excipients were evaluated for thermal stability at high temperatures. TGA studies revealed that Soluplus@, HPMCAS-HF, and CBZ were stable under the employed extrusion conditions with no trace of any drug degradation being observed when heated to 190℃ (Fig. 1). In this study, the formulations were processed... | |
train_614 | What is described in this image? | Figure 3 displays the textural features of the solidified DSC charges. These products contain crystals of spinel (sp), clinopyroxene (cpx), melilite (mel) and/or plagioclase (only at 7°C/h), and glass. Sp crystals display always equant and faceted, hopper shapes. Conversely, cpx at AT/At of 7°C/h are almost faceted and... | |
train_615 | What is described in this image? | The urethane acrylate oligomer was synthesized by reacting polypropyleneglycol (PPG) with 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) to produce the urethane prepolymer. Then the urethane prepolymer was end-capped by 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) (Figure 2.). The polyurethane acrylate oligomer product was characterized by 'H N... | |
train_616 | What is described in this image? | Traditional glass fiber-reinforced composites are electrically insulating, which sometimes limits their use in the electronics and aerospace industries, since an electrical conductivity greater than 10-8 S/cm is required to prevent the buildup of static charge [34]. The incorporation of small amounts of CNTs as conduct... | |
train_617 | What is described in this image? | Figure 6. Surface modification of enzyme-treated PET packaging samples analyzed by SEM. a) AP-PET and b) CP-PET chip surfaces at different extents (Figure 6). The apparent cracks and uneven surfaces could reflect the preferential degradation of the amorphous microstructures in the materials with the more recalcitrant ... | |
train_618 | What is described in this image? | Figure 5 shows the temperature dependence of the relaxation rates, 1/7, of the x-relaxation (filled black circles). This temperature dependence corresponds to the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann-Hesse (VFTH) equation, 43-46 as expected for glass forming polymer systems: In agreement with Reference 48, the slow mode (open black c... | |
train_619 | What is described in this image? | (Fig. 2). Fig. 2. A photograph of a flax tape. | |
train_620 | What is described in this image? | The electrical transport properties for the samples (GeTe, Geo.98In0.02Te, Geo.89In0.010Pb0.1Te0.99710.003, Geo.88In0.02Pb0.1Te and Geo.s4In0.010Pb0.1Sb0.05Te0.997-0.003) are presented in Fig. 4. As shown in Fig. 4a, the electrical conductivity of the samples monotonically decreases with the increase in doping factions... | |
train_621 | What is described in this image? | The Group A IR spectra are shown in Fig. 1a. The 30 Bi ternary samples generally presented similar absorption bands with subtle changes. The 30Bi0B and 30Bi70B binary samples appeared individually in Fig. 1a. The 30BiOB binary sample showed a band at 490 cm~¹ in the low wave number area, which shifted to about 510 cm-1... | |
train_622 | What is described in this image? | Matching up to FT-IR spectrum of naproxen/PLGA physical mixtures in the ratios of 1:2 and 1:5 with the related nanoparticles divulged no distinctive changes subsequent to the formulation of nanoparticles (Fig. 4). Fig. 4. Fourier transform infrared spectra of naproxen, PLGA and formulated nanoparticles. NP 1:2 and NP 1... | |
train_623 | What is described in this image? | Although more flexible than the backbone, alkyl side chains are rather stiff, given that a dodecyl side chain is about one Kuhn length of polyethylene40. Nevertheless, based on the general trend that the backbone Tg is higher for stiffer polymers with shorter alkyl side chains, the persistence length (lp) and the Kuhn ... | |
train_624 | What is described in this image? | Usually, some ordering structure in larger scale (nanometers) exists in the mesophase of polymer. As shown in Figure 5a, the 2D-SAXS data reveal that a microphaseseparated structure is presented in the melt-quenched PLLA- PEG-PLLA copolymer. The corresponding one-dimensional profile is shown in Figure 5b, in which q = ... | |
train_625 | What is described in this image? | [22,23]. During glass transition, the long polymer chains are oriented randomly and have more freedom to move which results in change in the microstructure of the material [4,5]. In glassy materials like polystyrene, heat capacity does not change suddenly in the glass transition region. The total change in heat capacit... | |
train_626 | What is described in this image? | The thermo-mechanical behavior of the CNC/PLA films, both the storage modulus (E') and loss modulus (E'/), was investigated as a function of CNC content. The results are seen in both Table 2 and Figure 6. The storage modulus increases significantly from 1.9 ± 0.3 GPa to 2.7 ± 0.0 GPa with the addition of only 1 wt % CN... | |
train_627 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 7 showed that the PCM1 had few char residue, and the char residues decreased in the order of PCM5 > PCM4 > PCM3 > Fig. 7. Total mass loss profiles of the PCMs. | |
train_628 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 12. DSC - heat flow in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd heating run, material 2. The results of material 2 are similar to material 1. In the 1st run, a step followed by two endothermic peaks appears. The exothermic curing reaction is in the region of 130180 °C, whereby there is indication of a double peak. The reaction enthal... | |
train_629 | What is described in this image? | Figure 4 treats the asymmetric transformation in the same manner. In Fig. 4(a) shows that R is never the lowest energy phase. It appears on cooling only because the kinetic barrier to forming R is lower than to form M: the A => R transformation provides temporary respite until supercooling is sufficient to form M. On h... | |
train_630 | What is described in this image? | The sample was then scanned from room temperature to 140°C. During this thermal scanning, the displacement distances of the probe were recorded. All measurements were done in triplicate. The temperature vs. probe displacement was plotted to estimate the Tg-r (glass-rubber transition temperature) by performing linear re... | |
train_631 | What is described in this image? | respectively. The 2 of all solutions decreases with frequency increasing. From Fig. 5(a) one can see that the relaxation time of 6 wt% PVA/PAA solutions with different blending ratio is almost the same resulting from the formation of hydrogen-bonding in low concentration solutions is not enough to restrict the chain mo... | |
train_632 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 19 The photographs collected during thermal ramping are displayed in Fig. 19. The slightly off-white powder turns nearblack at ~150 ℃ in the solid state. This colour transition is then followed by a liquification wave that quickly runs through the sample just before reaching 160 ℃. The solid-liquid phase | |
train_633 | What is described in this image? | Glass Transition Temperatures. Figure 4 shows the T Figure 4. Glass transition temperature T, of PEO, Nal complexes as a function of the reduced salt concentration 1/y measured upon heating at 10 °C/min after quenching at different temperatures Tq as indicated. The solid line represents the best fit by eq 3 to all data... | |
train_634 | What is described in this image? | The thermal glass transitions measured at 0.17 K/s (conventional DSC) and at 100 K/s (Flash DSC) are shown in Fig. 4. The glass transition temperature and the width of the glass transition △Tg (determined as the difference between the onset and endset) increases with increasing cooling rate. Because of the thermal lag ... | |
train_635 | What is described in this image? | the samples modified in the microwave reactor (Si-Xm-vap and Si-Xm-liq, Fig. 3a). 433.1 m2 g-1, Vmeso = 0.844 cm3 g-1, Table 2), and the mesopores surface constitutes 93.2% of its specific surface area SBET. During the HTT process due to the silica mass transport, there is created a new, much smaller mesopores surface ... | |
train_636 | What is described in this image? | A comparison of the Raman spectra of pure standards of CA, CAP, and CAB (Figure 4) showed that the differences among them are minor. However, few bands were reported to be specific for each of the different polymers.10-13 CAP, for example, has a very intense band at 1088 cm¯¹ that is much less intense in CAB and absent... | |
train_637 | What is described in this image? | The results of the flexural testing are shown in Fig. 4a and b. Both the flexural strength and the modulus of hemp-reinforced PLA composites were all higher than for neat PLA, which is especially evident for the 45 mass% fibre content with wrapping density of 250, with a flexural strength (124.2 MPa) 3.3 times higher t... | |
train_638 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 8. Average shear strength with standard deviation of unconditioned and saturated GFRP bars tested at low temperature Fig. 10. Mass variation of GFRP bar specimen when heated between 20° and 800°C | |
train_639 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 4. DSC thermograms of CMC-CHPS films. fraction, a transition due to crystallization and a glass transition for amorphous fraction. The thermograms of all the films are depicted in Fig. 4, and Table 4 shows the melting temperature (Tm) and glass transition (Tg) of different film samples. Tg is the glass transition ... | |
train_640 | What is described in this image? | The enthalpy relaxation values of indapamide were calculated according to Equation (1), and the results were also compared with the results of the ageing of pure indapamide at the same ageing conditions as those in [36] (see Figure 6). The experimental enthalpy relaxations were fitted using the Kohlrausch–Williams–Watt... | |
train_641 | What is described in this image? | The structure shown is that of the molecule seen by single-crystal X- ray diffraction at 100 K in the low-temperature triclinic phase (see Table 1). Although the asymmetric unit is two molecules having slightly different structures, the structures (Figure 2) appear the same for the orientation and resolution shown here... | |
train_642 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 3 shows the differences between the permittivity of a poled and unpoled (001)-PMN-30PT crystal measured upon heating at 1 °C/min with 100 kHz applied AC signal as a function of temperature. The maximum permittivity was measured at Tm = 142 °C. According to the PMN-xPT phase diagram published by Noheda et al.,34 un... | |
train_643 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 1. Shaped specimen used for the uniaxial (a) and the biaxial (b) experiments. The extrusion-cast films were stretched by a uniaxial and biaxial test machine at laboratory scale. Care was taken to cut the square test specimens from the central region of the extruded films, as showed in Fig. 1. The uniformity of eac... | |
train_644 | What is described in this image? | Figure 5. (a) IR spectra of the carbonyl region of (from top to bottom) solid dispersion sample containing pimozide and 50% PVPVA immediately after preparation, the same sample after 1-day storage at 54% RH, the same sample after 1-day storage at 84% RH, pure amorphous pimozide, and pure PVPVA. The black arrow indicate... | |
train_645 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 4 shows the dependence of Tp at different heating rate and activation energy on content of HPAPOA. Tp at a given heating rate exhibits similar variation tendency that they increase first and then decrease. The curing system with lower Tp under the same condition indicates higher reactivity of curing agent towards ... | |
train_646 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 6. Depiction of curve fitting the DSC data for the PS sample with three overlapping peaks. Deconvolution of three overlapping peaks proceeds in a similar manner as for two overlapping peaks. The shape of the tallest peak is estimated then subtracted, followed by the second tallest, then the shortest. Fig. 6 demons... | |
train_647 | What is described in this image? | The 1stS curve reflects a thermal history that includes both passive cooling prior to annealing and the annealing procedure itself (Figure 5b). The 2ndS curves from scans, which immediately follow the passive cooling from a previous scan, reflect a thermal history that includes only passive cooling from the glass-trans... | |
train_648 | What is described in this image? | The structures of the HT and LT phases are shown in Figure 2. Importantly, the space group symmetry and network connectivity are preserved during the displacive phase transition, while the structure undergoes an isotropic volume contraction of 23%, thereby eliminating the accessible pore volume present in the HT struct... | |
train_649 | What is described in this image? | Transmission electron microscopy (TEM, Figure 2a) experiments confirmed that our synthetic products are hexagonal phase AgBiSe2 nanoparticles with size around 10 nm at room temperature. The HRTEM images (Figure 2b) of one individual nanocrystal indicated the distances between the Figure 2. (a) TEM and (b) HRTEM image o... | |
train_650 | What is described in this image? | The temperature dependence of E' of PLA, PP, and the PLA/PP blends is depicted in Figure 5. E', Figure 5 Variation of storage modulus with temperature for a) PLA, b) PLA/PP/MAH-g-PP, c) PLA/PP/GMA, d) | |
train_651 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 11. Variation of the activation energies for the sub-T. (solid symbols) and Tx (open symbols) events of sucrose with the average temperature of the process. Numbers by the points represent annealing temperatures. The dotted line corresponds to the value of the activation energy of ß-relaxation calculated using Kud... | |
train_652 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 4 displays the SEM images of the EG sample and the composite PCM with 92% of paraffin in mass percentage. It can be seen that the EG consists of typical worm-like particles as shown in Fig. 4a. The magnified SEM image of the EG sample (Fig. 4b) shows that the microstructure of the worm-like particle is roughly tha... | |
train_653 | What is described in this image? | (±1-3%). Typical for accurate measurements are sample masses of 20-40 mg and heating rates of 1020 K /min. For the determination of the frequency dependence, the temperature lag of the instrument and the temperature gradient within the sample must be minimized by reducing sample mass and heating rate. A description of ... | |
train_654 | What is described in this image? | The static mechanical properties of the laminates were also investigated, and typical room temperature stress-strain curves are shown in Fig. 8. The in-plane tensile modulus and strength as well as the corresponding flexural properties are plotted in Fig. 9. The summary of the mechanical test results is collected in Ta... | |
train_655 | What is described in this image? | Figure 5 shows step-scan results for the freezedried PLLAs preheated at 80 ℃ for 40 min. Note that the low temperature exotherm observed for as-prepared samples is not seen for these preheated samples, which indicates that the cold crystallization at 80 ℃ had already been completed. The degree of crystallinity for thes... | |
train_656 | What is described in this image? | obtained after heating-treatment for DSC measurement. In Fig. 7a, the VO2(D) sample without heating treatment show no peaks during the cycling between 0 and 100 ℃, while in Fig. 7b, the sample of well-crystalline VO2(M) obtained from the heatingtreatment at 600 ℃ showed an endothermal peak at 67.1 ℃ and exothermal peak... | |
train_657 | What is described in this image? | 1/Tmax through linear least squares analysis of DSC data. The collected data were run in Eq. (6) and plots were drawn log(¢) versus 1/Tmax as shown in Fig. 7a. The activation energy calculated from the slope is listed in Table 6. It was found that the activation energies of SKF-32, F-32L, KeL-F, FK 800 and FKM were 213... | |
train_658 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 10. DMA - tano as function of temperature, material 2. From these data, an activation energy of 330 kJ/mol is calculated - a value nearly identical with that for material 1. The peak temperatures are very close to those of material 1 which means that the glass transition temperature is nearly identical for both ma... | |
train_659 | What is described in this image? | The DSC thermograms of gallic acid and the electrospun fibres are shown in Fig. 2. In Fig. 2e, gallic acid exhibited a sharp endothermic peak corresponding to the melting point of 260 °C which accounts for its crystallinity. Conversely, zein and gallic acid loaded zein fibres had shown a broad endotherm in the range of... | |
train_660 | What is described in this image? | Arabnejad et al. [19] found that the pore size within the lattice is typically smaller than the target design, generating a large disparity in the structural porosity. Furthermore, the size of the inclined struts typically ends up becoming larger than the target design due to the staircaseeffect associated with buildin... | |
train_661 | What is described in this image? | TEM was employed to study the internal morphologies of the composites at a fine scale. Sections about 75 nm thick were found to contain entire small-sized domains and portions of larger-sized domains. Figure 3 presents a TEM microphotograph of a fractured composite surface. Based on this figure, the size of the particl... | |
train_662 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 11 DSC analysis of the curing behavior of the coumarin-Py BZ/ For example, the amount of exotherms after blending 5 wt% of SWCNTs into coumarin-Py BZ was 139.2 J g-1, approximately 30.3 J g-1 lower than that of pure coumarin-Py BZ. Kim et al. observed a decrease in the enthalpy of a PBZ derivative after blending w... | |
train_663 | What is described in this image? | Thermal Property. The thermal energy storage capacity is of vital importance for the effective application of solar-thermal conversion and storage materials. The phase change behavior of PEG 6000, PCM, and MXene@PCMs was characterized by DSC analysis, and the recorded DSC thermograms are displayed in Figure 3. The melt... | |
train_664 | What is described in this image? | versus 1/Tp as shown in Fig. 2 (Kissinger plot), whereby the gradient corresponds to Ea. The Kissinger plots show good linearity for all DCAs studied with Ea in the range 70 to 85 kJ mol-1. Fig. 2 | |
train_665 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 1 shows XRD patterns of pure PVA and PVA doped with CeCl3 in the angle range of 5-70°. In Fig. 1, a board peak in between 20 equals to 15° and 30° has been observed for pure PVA, Fig. 1 shows XRD patterns of pure PVA and PVA doped with CeCl3 in the angle range of 5-70°. In Fig. 1, a board peak in between 20 equals... | |
train_666 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 4 describes the TGA curves of PVA, BR 0, BR 2, BR 4 and BR 6. Fig. 4 - Thermogravimetric analysis of pure PVA, BR 0 and ionic liquid added polymer electrolytes. | |
train_667 | What is described in this image? | Here, AH ; is the fusion heat of the sample, AH is the heat of crystallization of the sample, AH _ is the enthalpy of fusion of pure crystalline sample, and m is the sample mass. 138, 144, 145 MTDSC can also be used for quantifying the amorphous content of a sample by the measurement of the Cp jump, which is correspond... | |
train_668 | What is described in this image? | The steady shear viscosity of nanoparticles/epoxy dispersions and the effect of nanoparticle loading were studied. Fig. 6 shows relations between steady shear viscosity and shear rate for neat epoxy and nanoparticle/epoxy dispersions. Steady shear viscosity profiles for MWCNTs and GNPs demonstrate a shear-thinning beha... | |
train_669 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 2. Profile matching of the (+)-decursinol PXRD pattern and corresponding Miller indices at room temperature. Red points: observation, black line: For identification of an obtained crystal and a determination of the crystallographic information including space group and lattice parameters, PXRD patterns at room te... | |
train_670 | What is described in this image? | was taken as 148 J g-1.64,65 Figure 13 shows that both the crystallinities measured by DSC (2psc) and by X-ray | |
train_671 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 6. DTG curves of crude oil and fractions at 20 ℃/min heating rate. (Fig. 6). In TGA curves, at 20 K/min heating rate, thermal effects for the heavy crude oil was observed in one main region with the average mass loss of 93%. Similar behavior was observed both in aromatic and saturate fractions with corresponding m... | |
train_672 | What is described in this image? | Figure 5 Heating rate, o, dependence of the glass transition temperature, for x = : (0) 0, (D) 1, (+) 2, (A) 4, (+) 6, (△) 8, (0) 10. Fig. 5 shows In a versus 103/Tg curves for various glasses in the (Se65 Te35)100-2Sbx (0 ≤ x ≤ 10) system. | |
train_673 | What is described in this image? | The absorption spectra of silver nanoparticles in water and chloroform are shown in Fig. 2 (curves A and B, respectively). Also, photograph of vials with silver hydrosol and organosol indicating quantitative phase transfer of silver nanoparticles from water to chloroform are shown as an inset to Fig. 2. The surface pla... | |
train_674 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 6. Weight loss curves of PEO/PVP blend films containing NaBr ratios (a) 0 wt8; Thermal stability is represented by the weight loss of the sample after heating over the temperature range 40-850 ℃. Typical thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) traces of pure and NaBr complexed PEO/PVP polymer blend electrolytes are depic... | |
train_675 | What is described in this image? | TEM micrographs of the PHBV/CNW composite demonstrated a homogenuous dispersion of CNW in the PHBV matrix (Fig. 4). AFM Fig. 4. TEM images of the PHBV/5% CNW nanocomposite film at 75 k magnification. | |
train_676 | What is described in this image? | FTIR spectroscopy was employed to characterize the raw material and analyze the changes in the lignin structure during the glyoxalation reaction. The FTIR spectra of (a) the original alkaline lignin, (b) the glyoxalated alkaline lignin produced after 10 h and G/L=0.5, and (c) the glyoxalated alkaline lignin produced af... | |
train_677 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 7 a The results of the thermal conductivity of the substrate measurement, the specific heat capacity values obtained by the DSC measurement, and the density data from other literatures. Figure 7 shows the evaluated thermal conductivity data of each layer at 25, 100, 200, and 400 ℃. The thermal conductivity of the ... | |
train_678 | What is described in this image? | HZ&HUAZHI scale after cooling down to room temperature and filter paper was replaced each time. The specimens of these formstable composites were molded to round thin cakes to reduce the impact of different contact areas on leakage amount. The molded specimen was about 4.100 g with a dimension of diameter 35 mm and thi... | |
train_679 | What is described in this image? | Figure 2 shows DSC curves obtained for an epoxyfuran binding agent [6] upon its heating with the constant rate of 10 K/min from 20 to 200°C. Curve 1 was obtained for the initial composition of the binding agent, which, upon curing at elevated temperature, transforms from the liquid aggregate state into the solid one. T... | |
train_680 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 7. Plot of Cp of Seso ->Te20Znx (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10) against temperature at a heating rate of 40 K/min. The lines drawn are guides to the eyes. | |
train_681 | What is described in this image? | disks exposed to uniaxial compression (N=0) and varying rotational strains (N=0.2, N=1, and N=5) are summarized in Fig. 4a. Similarly to the as-cast glass, all the deformed samples exhibits the same amorphous halo centered at 20 Fig. 4 a XRD patterns of the as-cast Cu3213/4/8 glass and the HPT-disks processed for diffe... | |
train_682 | What is described in this image? | Figure 8 DSC crystallization thermograms of a) PLA/ | |
train_683 | What is described in this image? | Fractography images were taken following compressive testing of three samples of each composition for statistical analysis (Fig. 5). The images show that all three compositions are of brittle nature, as indicated by the intragranular fracture. However, the images cannot provide additional information regarding which of... | |
train_684 | What is described in this image? | The main problem for heat capacity determination for the nonadiabatic single sensor device is the subtraction of the heat loss function. It is realized as a subtraction of a 3rd to 5th order polynomial function [16]. But as soon as several sharp events in the sample occur, the error in determination of the loss polynom... | |
train_685 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 4 shows the cooling curves of PCM and water in the cooling experiments. The temperature ranges of PCM were 21.0 °C–24.1 °C, 21.3 °C–27.4 °C, 21.3 °C–28.9 °C, 21.3 °C–35.9 °C, 21.0 °C-42.8 °C, 21.3 °C-45.7 °C, and 20.9 °C-50.9 °C, respectively. As shown in Fig. 4(a), because the maximum temperature of PCM was lower... | |
train_686 | What is described in this image? | On the basis of the previous description, a computer program was created to derive the optimized JMA kinetic parameters at different temperatures from the DSC experimental results (Figure 8). The input data were the transformed fraction as a function of the temperature for cooling rates of 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, and 40 ℃/mi... | |
train_687 | What is described in this image? | with t, as GCSD = - 1/mt (Zieg and Marsh, 2002; Giuliani et al., 2020b). The values of Gmax and GCSD from this study are reported in Table 5 and plotted in Figure 8, together with the Gmax and GCSD from Giuliani et al. (2020b). Both the Gs of cpx and sp obtained from DSC experiments are systematically higher than those... | |
train_688 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 3. CO2 selectivity over light gases as a function of PEG-POSS content in PEBAX® Fig. 3 clearly shows that, due to 10% incorporation of PEG-POSS | |
train_689 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 7. SEM image of PHB/soda lignin containing 50 wt% | |
train_690 | What is described in this image? | Thermal effects related to the phase transition have also been studied using DSC (Fig. 8). The first-order phase transition was observed both on single-crystalline and powder samples with no measurable particle size effect. Enthalpy of the transition was 897 ± 40 J mol-1 for sample 1 (three crystals) and 933 ± 40 J mol... | |
train_691 | What is described in this image? | Figure 7 Several theoretical predictions for calculated Tg-DMA (using DMA component values) compared to T measured with DMA at 10 rad/s. Comparisons to measured DMA T s taken at a frequency of 10 rad/s are shown in Figure 7 for the different theories. Individual component Ts were taken from DMA T s measured at 10 rad/s... | |
train_692 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 8. DSC-TG spectra of TiO2-20 wt.% SiO2 hybrid coatings. The DSC-TG spectra of TiO2-20 wt. % SiO2 are presented in Figure 8. | |
train_693 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 6. Comparison of infrared and Raman spectra of polycrystalline sample of guanidinium hydrogenselenate in room temperature and the lowest reached temperature. The FT-IR and Raman spectra of title crystal measured at low temperature (11 K) are presented in Fig. 6. The FT-IR spectra of the GuSe powder sample measured... | |
train_694 | What is described in this image? | stretching bands of the polymer backbone at 2,858 and 2,932 cm-1 become visible (Fig. 6). The polarized infrared spectrum shows a positive deviation of the band at 2,932 cm-1. As the dipole of the C-H bond is Figure 6 Dichroic spectrum of deuterated DPPC SMALPs. | |
train_695 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 3. (a) Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and (b) Temperature History Method (THM) curves for blend of salt hydrate and paraffin was, SP22 [42]. Fig. 3(a) presents DSC thermographs of a mixture of paraffin wax and salt hydrate, SP22 showing that the PCM has a wide melting range from 14 to 26 ℃ with melting po... | |
train_696 | What is described in this image? | The ice melting curves of SF-A and SF-P are shown in Fig. 2. As expected, Tm decreases with increasing concentration for all samples. As a colligative property, the freezing point depression of water is principally determined by the presence of non-volatile low molecular weightsubstances, due to the higher mixing entro... | |
train_697 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 6 shows the DSC curves of the synthesized SSPCMs, and the corresponding data of thermal properties (phase change enthalpies and phase change temperatures) are tabulated in Table 1. Similar to pristine PEG, PCM-S, PCM-D and PCM-I also have strong endothermic and exothermic peaks in the temperature range of 30-70 °C... | |
train_698 | What is described in this image? | segments may further be demonstrated by the static thermomechanical analysis (TMA). Fig. 4 shows TMA curves of (a) PEG and (b) PEG/EP composite. As shown in Fig. 4a, the thickness of PEG sample started to reduce when the temperature reached 69.5 ℃. After that, the higher the temperature, the thinner the PEG sample. Whe... | |
train_699 | What is described in this image? | Figure 3 shows the three dimensional plots of the field and temperature dependence of the magnetic entropy change (ASM) of the studied alloys. In the case of the SOPT material (Si 1.8), the temperature evolution of ASM is gradual for all magnetic field values. Likewise, there is no abrupt change in the field dependence... |
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