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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_wikis#113
ived from the original on August 8, 2013. Retrieved September 3, 2013. - ^ Dunwoodie, Brice (November 7, 2006). "SharePoint (MOSS) and Office 2007 Released". CMSWire. Archived from the original on January 13, 2010. Retrieved February 16, 2010. - ^ Haines, Lester (March 16, 2007). "Wiki elevated to Oxford English Dictionary". The Register. Archived from the original on August 10, 2017. - ^ Mason, Bruce & Thomas, Sue (April 24, 2008). "A Million Penguins Research Report" (PDF). De Montfort Univers
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nguins Research Report" (PDF). De Montfort University. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 5, 2014. Retrieved December 15, 2014. - ^ Gilson, Dave (May 19, 2010). "WikiLeaks Gets A Facelift". Mother Jones. Archived from the original on April 29, 2014. Retrieved June 17, 2010. - ^ "McCain faces accusations of Wikipedia plagiarism". The Calgary Herald. August 19, 2008. Archived from the original on May 10, 2011. - ^ Jaquith, Waldo (June 23, 2009). "Chris Anderson's Free Contains Apparent P
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2009). "Chris Anderson's Free Contains Apparent Plagiarism". The Virginia Quarterly Review. Archived from the original on July 7, 2009. Retrieved July 7, 2009. - ^ "Photo of January 12, 2011 Die Zeit cover". TwitPic. Archived from the original on October 15, 2012. - ^ Heilman, James (March 11, 2012). "Earliest edit to page now called "Wikivoyage"". Wikimedia Meta-Wiki. Archived from the original on July 11, 2016. - ^ Cohen, Noam (September 9, 2012). "Travel Site Built on Wiki Ethos Now Bedevils
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12). "Travel Site Built on Wiki Ethos Now Bedevils Its Owner". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 14, 2012. - ^ Kay, Kelly (September 5, 2012). "Wikimedia Foundation seeks declaratory relief in response to legal threats from Internet Brands". Wikimedia Blog. Archived from the original on November 8, 2012. - ^ Pintscher, Lydia (October 30, 2012). "wikidata.org is live (with some caveats)". wikidata-l (Mailing list). Archived from the original on June 17, 2014. Retrieved No
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d from the original on June 17, 2014. Retrieved November 3, 2012. - ^ Pintscher, Lydia (January 14, 2013). "First steps of Wikidata in the Hungarian Wikipedia". Wikimedia Deutschland Blog. Archived from the original on December 14, 2015. Retrieved January 15, 2013. - ^ "Wikimedia Foundation launches Wikivoyage, a free, worldwide travel guide that anyone can edit". Wikimedia Foundation. Archived from the original on January 17, 2013. Retrieved January 15, 2012. - ^ Musil, Steven (February 17, 201
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uary 15, 2012. - ^ Musil, Steven (February 17, 2013). "Wikimedia, Internet Brands settle Wikivoyage lawsuits". CNET. Archived from the original on December 27, 2013. Retrieved February 19, 2013. - ^ Miller, Paul (February 7, 2008). "Sir Tim Berners-Lee Talks with Talis about the Semantic Web". talis-podcasts. Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. (Transcript of interview.) - ^ Asay, Matt (October 29, 2008). "TWiki's hunt for cash fractures its community". CNET News. Archived from the origi
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its community". CNET News. Archived from the original on December 1, 2010. - ^ "SAP Netweaver Portal 7.3 ramp-up released". Ameya's Blog. December 3, 2010. Archived from the original on July 30, 2012.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemini_%28language_model%29#0
Gemini (language model) Gemini is a family of multimodal large language models (LLMs) developed by Google DeepMind, and the successor to LaMDA and PaLM 2. Comprising Gemini Ultra, Gemini Pro, Gemini Flash, and Gemini Nano, it was announced on December 6, 2023, positioned as a competitor to OpenAI's GPT-4. It powers the chatbot of the same name. In March 2025, Gemini 2.5 Pro Experimental was rated as highly competitive. History [edit]Development [edit]Google announced Gemini, a large language mod
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edit]Google announced Gemini, a large language model (LLM) developed by subsidiary Google DeepMind, during the Google I/O keynote on May 10, 2023. It was positioned as a more powerful successor to PaLM 2, which was also unveiled at the event, with Google CEO Sundar Pichai stating that Gemini was still in its early developmental stages.[1][2] Unlike other LLMs, Gemini was said to be unique in that it was not trained on a text corpus alone and was designed to be multimodal, meaning it could proces
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designed to be multimodal, meaning it could process multiple types of data simultaneously, including text, images, audio, video, and computer code.[3] It had been developed as a collaboration between DeepMind and Google Brain, two branches of Google that had been merged as Google DeepMind the previous month.[4] In an interview with Wired, DeepMind CEO Demis Hassabis touted Gemini's advanced capabilities, which he believed would allow the algorithm to trump OpenAI's ChatGPT, which runs on GPT-4 a
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m to trump OpenAI's ChatGPT, which runs on GPT-4 and whose growing popularity had been aggressively challenged by Google with LaMDA and Bard. Hassabis highlighted the strengths of DeepMind's AlphaGo program, which gained worldwide attention in 2016 when it defeated Go champion Lee Sedol, saying that Gemini would combine the power of AlphaGo and other Google–DeepMind LLMs.[5] In August 2023, The Information published a report outlining Google's roadmap for Gemini, revealing that the company was t
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admap for Gemini, revealing that the company was targeting a launch date of late 2023. According to the report, Google hoped to surpass OpenAI and other competitors by combining conversational text capabilities present in most LLMs with artificial intelligence–powered image generation, allowing it to create contextual images and be adapted for a wider range of use cases.[6] Like Bard,[7] Google co-founder Sergey Brin was summoned out of retirement to assist in the development of Gemini, along wi
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t to assist in the development of Gemini, along with hundreds of other engineers from Google Brain and DeepMind;[6][8] he was later credited as a "core contributor" to Gemini.[9] Because Gemini was being trained on transcripts of YouTube videos, lawyers were brought in to filter out any potentially copyrighted materials.[6] With news of Gemini's impending launch, OpenAI hastened its work on integrating GPT-4 with multimodal features similar to those of Gemini.[10] The Information reported in Sep
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ose of Gemini.[10] The Information reported in September that several companies had been granted early access to "an early version" of the LLM, which Google intended to make available to clients through Google Cloud's Vertex AI service. The publication also stated that Google was arming Gemini to compete with both GPT-4 and Microsoft's GitHub Copilot.[11][12] Launch [edit]On December 6, 2023, Pichai and Hassabis announced "Gemini 1.0" at a virtual press conference.[13][14] It comprised three mod
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l press conference.[13][14] It comprised three models: Gemini Ultra, designed for "highly complex tasks"; Gemini Pro, designed for "a wide range of tasks"; and Gemini Nano, designed for "on-device tasks". At launch, Gemini Pro and Nano were integrated into Bard and the Pixel 8 Pro smartphone, respectively, while Gemini Ultra was set to power "Bard Advanced" and become available to software developers in early 2024. Other products that Google intended to incorporate Gemini into included Search, A
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nded to incorporate Gemini into included Search, Ads, Chrome, Duet AI on Google Workspace, and AlphaCode 2.[15][14] It was made available only in English.[14][16] Touted as Google's "largest and most capable AI model" and designed to emulate human behavior,[17][14][18] the company stated that Gemini would not be made widely available until the following year due to the need for "extensive safety testing".[13] Gemini was trained on and powered by Google's Tensor Processing Units (TPUs),[13][16] a
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Google's Tensor Processing Units (TPUs),[13][16] and the name is in reference to the DeepMind–Google Brain merger as well as NASA's Project Gemini.[19] Gemini Ultra was said to have outperformed GPT-4, Anthropic's Claude 2, Inflection AI's Inflection-2, Meta's LLaMA 2, and xAI's Grok 1 on a variety of industry benchmarks,[20][13] while Gemini Pro was said to have outperformed GPT-3.5.[3] Gemini Ultra was also the first language model to outperform human experts on the 57-subject Massive Multitas
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m human experts on the 57-subject Massive Multitask Language Understanding (MMLU) test, obtaining a score of 90%.[3][19] Gemini Pro was made available to Google Cloud customers on AI Studio and Vertex AI on December 13, while Gemini Nano will be made available to Android developers as well.[21][22][23] Hassabis further revealed that DeepMind was exploring how Gemini could be "combined with robotics to physically interact with the world".[24] In accordance with an executive order signed by U.S. P
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ccordance with an executive order signed by U.S. President Joe Biden in October, Google stated that it would share testing results of Gemini Ultra with the federal government of the United States. Similarly, the company was engaged in discussions with the government of the United Kingdom to comply with the principles laid out at the AI Safety Summit at Bletchley Park in November.[3] Updates [edit]Google partnered with Samsung to integrate Gemini Nano and Gemini Pro into its Galaxy S24 smartphone
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Nano and Gemini Pro into its Galaxy S24 smartphone lineup in January 2024.[25][26] The following month, Bard and Duet AI were unified under the Gemini brand,[27][28] with "Gemini Advanced with Ultra 1.0" debuting via a new "AI Premium" tier of the Google One subscription service.[29] Gemini Pro also received a global launch.[30] In February, 2024, Google launched Gemini 1.5 in a limited capacity, positioned as a more powerful and capable model than 1.0 Ultra.[31][32][33] This "step change" was a
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an 1.0 Ultra.[31][32][33] This "step change" was achieved through various technical advancements, including a new architecture, a mixture-of-experts approach, and a larger one-million-token context window, which equates to roughly an hour of silent video, 11 hours of audio, 30,000 lines of code, or 700,000 words.[34] The same month, Google debuted Gemma, a family of free and open-source LLMs that serve as a lightweight version of Gemini. They come in two sizes, with a neural network with two and
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e in two sizes, with a neural network with two and seven billion parameters, respectively. Multiple publications viewed this as a response to Meta and others open-sourcing their AI models, and a stark reversal from Google's longstanding practice of keeping its AI proprietary.[35][36][37] Google announced an additional model, Gemini 1.5 Flash, on May 14th at the 2024 I/O keynote.[38] Gemma 2 was released on June 27, 2024.[39] Two updated Gemini models, Gemini-1.5-Pro-002 and Gemini-1.5-Flash-002,
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dels, Gemini-1.5-Pro-002 and Gemini-1.5-Flash-002, were released on September 24, 2024.[40] On December 11, 2024, Google announced Gemini 2.0 Flash Experimental,[41] a significant update to its Gemini AI model. This iteration boasts improved speed and performance over its predecessor, Gemini 1.5 Flash. Key features include a Multimodal Live API for real-time audio and video interactions, enhanced spatial understanding, native image and controllable text-to-speech generation (with watermarking),
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le text-to-speech generation (with watermarking), and integrated tool use, including Google Search.[42] It also introduces improved agentic capabilities, a new Google Gen AI SDK,[43] and "Jules," an experimental AI coding agent for GitHub. Additionally, Google Colab is integrating Gemini 2.0 to generate data science notebooks from natural language. Gemini 2.0 was available through the Gemini chat interface for all users as "Gemini 2.0 Flash experimental". On January 30, 2025, Google released Gem
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imental". On January 30, 2025, Google released Gemini 2.0 Flash as the new default model, with Gemini 1.5 Flash still available for usage. This was followed by the release of Gemini 2.0 Pro on February 5, 2025. Additionally, Google released Gemini 2.0 Flash Thinking Experimental, which details the language model's thinking process when responding to prompts.[44] Gemma 3 was released on March 12, 2025.[45][46] The next day, Google announced that Gemini in Android Studio would be able to understan
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emini in Android Studio would be able to understand simple UI mockups and transform them into working Jetpack Compose code.[47] Gemini 2.5 Pro Experimental was released on March 25, 2025, described by Google as its most intelligent AI model yet, featuring enhanced reasoning and coding capabilities,[48][49][50] and a "thinking model" capable of reasoning through steps before responding, using techniques like chain-of-thought prompting,[48][50][51] whilst maintaining native multimodality and launc
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whilst maintaining native multimodality and launching with a 1 million token context window.[48][50] At Google I/O 2025, Google announced significant updates to its Gemini core models.[52][53] Gemini 2.5 Flash became the default model, delivering faster responses.[52][53] Gemini 2.5 Pro was introduced as the most advanced Gemini model, featuring reasoning, coding capabilities, and the new Deep Think mode for complex tasks.[54] Both 2.5 Pro and Flash support native audio output and improved secu
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lash support native audio output and improved security. General availability for Gemini 2.5 Pro and Flash is scheduled for June 2025.[55] Model versions [edit]The following table lists the main model versions of Gemini, describing the significant changes included with each version:[56][57] Technical specifications [edit]The first generation of Gemini ("Gemini 1") has three models, with the same architecture. They are decoder-only transformers, with modifications to allow efficient training and i
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th modifications to allow efficient training and inference on TPUs. They have a context length of 32,768 tokens, with multi-query attention. Two versions of Gemini Nano, Nano-1 (1.8 billion parameters) and Nano-2 (3.25 billion parameters), are distilled from larger Gemini models, designed for use by edge devices such as smartphones. As Gemini is multimodal, each context window can contain multiple forms of input. The different modes can be interleaved and do not have to be presented in a fixed o
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eaved and do not have to be presented in a fixed order, allowing for a multimodal conversation. For example, the user might open the conversation with a mix of text, picture, video, and audio, presented in any order, and Gemini might reply with the same free ordering. Input images may be of different resolutions, while video is inputted as a sequence of images. Audio is sampled at 16 kHz and then converted into a sequence of tokens by the Universal Speech Model. Gemini's dataset is multimodal an
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al Speech Model. Gemini's dataset is multimodal and multilingual, consisting of "web documents, books, and code, and includ[ing] image, audio, and video data".[58] The second generation of Gemini ("Gemini 1.5") has two models. Gemini 1.5 Pro is a multimodal sparse mixture-of-experts, with a context length in the millions, while Gemini 1.5 Flash is distilled from Gemini 1.5 Pro, with a context length above 2 million.[59] Gemma 2 27B is trained on web documents, code, science articles. Gemma 2 9B
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web documents, code, science articles. Gemma 2 9B was distilled from 27B. Gemma 2 2B was distilled from a 7B model that remained unreleased.[60] As of February 2025[update], the models released include[61] - Gemma 1 (2B, 7B) - CodeGemma (2B and 7B) - Gemma 1 finetuned for code generation. - Gemma 2 (2B, 9B, 27B) - 27B trained from scratch. 2B and 9B - Gemma 3 (1B, 4B, 12B, 27B) - Upgrade to Gemma 2, capable of multilinguality (supports 140 languages), longer context length (128k tokens), multimo
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ges), longer context length (128k tokens), multimodality, and function calling. - RecurrentGemma (2B, 9B) - Griffin-based, instead of Transformer-based. - PaliGemma (3B) - A vision-language model that takes text and image inputs, and outputs text. It is made by connecting a SigLIP image encoder with a Gemma language model.[62] - PaliGemma 2 (3B, 10B, 28B) - Upgrade to PaliGemma, capable of more vision-language tasks.[63] Reception [edit]Gemini's launch was preluded by months of intense speculati
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launch was preluded by months of intense speculation and anticipation, which MIT Technology Review described as "peak AI hype".[64][20] In August 2023, Dylan Patel and Daniel Nishball of research firm SemiAnalysis penned a blog post declaring that the release of Gemini would "eat the world" and outclass GPT-4, prompting OpenAI CEO Sam Altman to ridicule the duo on X (formerly Twitter).[65][66] Business magnate Elon Musk, who co-founded OpenAI, weighed in, asking, "Are the numbers wrong?"[67] Hug
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ighed in, asking, "Are the numbers wrong?"[67] Hugh Langley of Business Insider remarked that Gemini would be a make-or-break moment for Google, writing: "If Gemini dazzles, it will help Google change the narrative that it was blindsided by Microsoft and OpenAI. If it disappoints, it will embolden critics who say Google has fallen behind."[68] Reacting to its unveiling in December 2023, University of Washington professor emeritus Oren Etzioni predicted a "tit-for-tat arms race" between Google an
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dicted a "tit-for-tat arms race" between Google and OpenAI. Professor Alexei Efros of the University of California, Berkeley praised the potential of Gemini's multimodal approach,[19] while scientist Melanie Mitchell of the Santa Fe Institute called Gemini "very sophisticated". Professor Chirag Shah of the University of Washington was less impressed, likening Gemini's launch to the routineness of Apple's annual introduction of a new iPhone. Similarly, Stanford University's Percy Liang, the Unive
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arly, Stanford University's Percy Liang, the University of Washington's Emily Bender, and the University of Galway's Michael Madden cautioned that it was difficult to interpret benchmark scores without insight into the training data used.[64][69] Writing for Fast Company, Mark Sullivan opined that Google had the opportunity to challenge the iPhone's dominant market share, believing that Apple was unlikely to have the capacity to develop functionality similar to Gemini with its Siri virtual assis
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lity similar to Gemini with its Siri virtual assistant.[70] Google shares spiked by 5.3 percent the day after Gemini's launch.[71][72] Google faced criticism for a demonstrative video of Gemini, which was not conducted in real time.[73] Gemini 2.5 Pro Experimental debuted at the top position on the LMArena leaderboard, a benchmark measuring human preference, indicating strong performance and output quality.[48][50] The model achieved state-of-the-art or highly competitive results across various
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-art or highly competitive results across various benchmarks evaluating reasoning, knowledge, science, math, coding, and long-context performance, such as Humanity's Last Exam, GPQA, AIME 2025, SWE-bench and MRCR.[48][74][50][49] Initial reviews highlighted its improved reasoning capabilities and performance gains compared to previous versions.[49][51] Published benchmarks also showed areas where contemporary models from competitors like Anthropic, xAI, or OpenAI held advantages.[74][50] See als
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c, xAI, or OpenAI held advantages.[74][50] See also [edit]- Gato, a multimodal neural network developed by DeepMind - Gemini Robotics References [edit]- ^ Grant, Nico (May 10, 2023). "Google Builds on Tech's Latest Craze With Its Own A.I. Products". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 10, 2023. Retrieved August 21, 2023. - ^ Ortiz, Sabrina (May 10, 2023). "Every major AI feature announced at Google I/O 2023". ZDNet. Archived from the original on May 10, 2023. Re
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2024. - ^ Metz, Cade; Grant, Nico (February 21, 2024). "Google Is Giving Away Some of the A.I. That Powers Chatbots". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 21, 2024. Retrieved February 21, 2024. - ^ Elias, Jennifer (August 12, 2024). "Google rolls out its most powerful AI models as competition from OpenAI heats up". CNBC. Archived from the original on May 14, 2024. Retrieved August 13, 2024. - ^ "Gemma 2 is now available to researchers and developers". Google
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g". developers.googleblog.com. Retrieved December 20, 2024. - ^ "Gemini 2.0 Flash (experimental) | Gemini API". Google AI for Developers. Retrieved December 20, 2024. - ^ "Gemini 2.0 is now available to everyone". Google. February 5, 2025. - ^ "Introducing Gemma 3: The most capable model you can run on a single GPU or TPU". The Keyword. March 12, 2025. - ^ "Welcome Gemma 3: Google's all new multimodal, multilingual, long context open LLM". Hugging Face. March 12, 2025. - ^ Abner, Li (March 13, 2
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g Face. March 12, 2025. - ^ Abner, Li (March 13, 2025). "Gemini in Android Studio can now turn UI mockups into code". 9to5Google. Retrieved April 12, 2025. - ^ a b c d e Kavukcuoglu, Koray (March 25, 2025). "Gemini 2.5: Our most intelligent AI model". The Keyword (Google Blog). Retrieved March 26, 2025. - ^ a b c "Gemini 2.5 is now available for Advanced users and it seriously improves Google's AI reasoning". TechRadar. March 26, 2025. Retrieved March 26, 2025. - ^ a b c d e f "Google's Gemini 2
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.5 models, Imagen 4, Veo 3 and Flow". May 21, 2025. Retrieved May 21, 2025. - ^ "Deep Think boosts the performance of Google's flagship Gemini AI model". TechCrunch. May 20, 2025. Retrieved May 21, 2025. - ^ "Google upgrades Gemini 2.5 Pro with a new Deep Think mode for advanced reasoning abilities". May 21, 2025. Retrieved May 21, 2025. - ^ "Gemini Release updates". Google. Archived from the original on April 9, 2025. Retrieved April 9, 2025. - ^ "Gemini models". Google. Archived from the origi
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^ "Gemini models". Google. Archived from the original on April 9, 2025. Retrieved April 9, 2025. - ^ Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models (PDF) (Technical report). Google DeepMind. December 6, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 6, 2023. Retrieved December 7, 2023. - ^ Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context (PDF) (Technical report). Google DeepMind. February 15, 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 26, 2024
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hived (PDF) from the original on February 26, 2024. Retrieved May 17, 2024. - ^ Gemma Team; Riviere, Morgane; Pathak, Shreya; Sessa, Pier Giuseppe; Hardin, Cassidy; Bhupatiraju, Surya; Hussenot, Léonard; Mesnard, Thomas; Shahriari, Bobak (August 2, 2024), Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size, arXiv:2408.00118 - ^ "Gemma explained: An overview of Gemma model family architectures- Google Developers Blog". developers.googleblog.com. Retrieved August 15, 2024. - ^ "PaLI: Scali
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g.com. Retrieved August 15, 2024. - ^ "PaLI: Scaling Language-Image Learning in 100+ Languages". research.google. Retrieved August 15, 2024. - ^ "Introducing PaliGemma 2 mix: A vision-language model for multiple tasks- Google Developers Blog". developers.googleblog.com. Retrieved February 22, 2025. - ^ a b Heikkilä, Melissa; Heaven, Will Douglas (December 6, 2023). "Google DeepMind's new Gemini model looks amazing—but could signal peak AI hype". MIT Technology Review. Archived from the original
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15, 2023. - ^ Madden, Michael G. (December 15, 2023). "Google's Gemini: is the new AI model really better than ChatGPT?". The Conversation. Archived from the original on December 15, 2023. Retrieved February 4, 2024. - ^ Sullivan, Mark (December 6, 2023). "Gemini-powered Google phones may make Siri even more of an Achilles' heel for the iPhone". Fast Company. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved December 7, 2023. - ^ Soni, Aditya (December 7, 2023). "Alphabet soars as Wall
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ditya (December 7, 2023). "Alphabet soars as Wall Street cheers arrival of AI model Gemini". Reuters. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved February 4, 2024. - ^ Swartz, Jon (December 7, 2023). "Gemini, Google's long-awaited answer to ChatGPT, is an overnight hit". MarketWatch. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved February 4, 2024. - ^ Elias, Steve Kovach, Jennifer (December 8, 2023). "Google faces controversy over edited Gemini AI demo video". CNBC. Arch
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ersy over edited Gemini AI demo video". CNBC. Archived from the original on December 9, 2023. Retrieved December 9, 2023. {{cite web}} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b "Gemini Pro - Technical Details and Benchmarks". Google DeepMind. March 25, 2025. Retrieved March 26, 2025. Further reading [edit]- Honan, Matt (December 6, 2023). "Google CEO Sundar Pichai on Gemini and the coming age of AI". MIT Technology Review. Archived from the original on December 6, 2023. Retrieved
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from the original on December 6, 2023. Retrieved December 6, 2023. - "Gemma explained: An overview of Gemma model family architectures- Google Developers Blog". developers.googleblog.com. Retrieved August 15, 2024. External links [edit]- Official website - Press release via The Keyword - White paper for 1.0 and 1.5
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Hummingbird#0
Google Hummingbird Hummingbird is the codename given to a significant algorithm change in Google Search in 2013. Its name was derived from the speed and accuracy of the hummingbird. The change was announced on September 26, 2013, having already been in use for a month. "Hummingbird" places greater emphasis on natural language queries, considering context and meaning over individual keywords. It also looks deeper at content on individual pages of a website, with improved ability to lead users dir
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a website, with improved ability to lead users directly to the most appropriate page rather than just a website's homepage. The upgrade marked the most significant change to Google search in years, with more "human" search interactions and a much heavier focus on conversation and meaning.[1] Thus, web developers and writers were encouraged to optimize their sites with natural writing rather than forced keywords, and make effective use of technical web development for on-site navigation. History
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l web development for on-site navigation. History [edit]Google announced "Hummingbird", a new search algorithm, at a September 2013 press event,[2] having already used the algorithm for approximately one month prior to announcement.[3] Features [edit]The "Hummingbird" update was the first major update to Google's search algorithm since the 2010 "Caffeine" search architecture upgrade, but even that was limited primarily to improving the indexing of information rather than sorting through informat
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f information rather than sorting through information.[3] Amit Singhal, then-search chief at Google, told Search Engine Land that "Hummingbird" was the most dramatic change of the algorithm since 2001, when he first joined Google.[3][4] Unlike previous search algorithms, which would focus on each individual word in the search query, "Hummingbird" considers the context of the different words together, with the goal that pages matching the meaning do better, rather than pages matching just a few w
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do better, rather than pages matching just a few words.[5] The name is derived from the speed and accuracy of the hummingbird.[5] "Hummingbird" is aimed at making interactions more human, in the sense that the search engine is capable of understanding the concepts and relationships between keywords.[6] It places greater emphasis on page content, making search results more relevant, and looks at the authority of a page, and in some cases the page author, to determine the importance of a website.
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author, to determine the importance of a website. It uses this information to better lead users to a specific page on a website rather than the standard website homepage.[7] Search engine optimization changes [edit]Search engine optimization changed with the addition of "Hummingbird", with web developers and writers encouraged to use natural language when writing on their websites rather than using forced keywords. They were also advised to make effective use of technical website features, such
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effective use of technical website features, such as page linking, on-page elements including title tags, URL addresses and HTML tags, as well as writing high-quality, relevant content without duplication.[8] While keywords within the query still continue to be important, "Hummingbird" adds more strength to long-tailed keywords, effectively catering to the optimization of content rather than just keywords.[7] The use of synonyms has also been optimized; instead of listing results with exact phra
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imized; instead of listing results with exact phrases or keywords, Google shows more theme-related results.[9] See also [edit]- Google Panda, 2011 - Google penalty - Google Penguin - Google Pigeon - Google Knowledge Graph - PageRank - Semantic analysis (machine learning) References [edit]- ^ Grind, Kirsten; Schechner, Sam; McMillan, Robert; West, John (November 15, 2019). "How Google Interferes With Its Search Algorithms and Changes Your Results". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved A
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. Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved August 7, 2023. - ^ Sullivan, Danny (September 26, 2013). "Google Reveals "Hummingbird" Search Algorithm, Other Changes At 15th Birthday Event". Search Engine Land. Retrieved December 10, 2017. - ^ a b c Sullivan, Danny (September 26, 2013). "FAQ: All About The New Google "Hummingbird" Algorithm". Search Engine Land. Retrieved December 10, 2017. - ^ Hull, Jeremy. "Google Hummingbird: where no search has gone before". Wired. Condé Nast. Retrieved D
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h has gone before". Wired. Condé Nast. Retrieved December 10, 2017. - ^ a b Elran, Asher (November 15, 2013). "What Google 'Hummingbird' Means for Your SEO Strategy". Entrepreneur. Retrieved December 10, 2017. - ^ Taylor, Richard (September 26, 2013). "Google unveils major upgrade to search algorithm". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved December 10, 2017. - ^ a b Dodds, Don (December 16, 2013). "An SEO Guide to the Google Hummingbird Update". HuffPost. Oath Inc. Retrieved December 10, 2017. - ^ Marentis,
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h Inc. Retrieved December 10, 2017. - ^ Marentis, Chris (April 11, 2014). "A Complete Guide To The Essentials Of Post-Hummingbird SEO". Search Engine Land. Retrieved December 10, 2017. - ^ Krush, Alesia (November 22, 2013). "How to Thrill Google Hummingbird: The SEO's Guide [INFOGRAPHIC]". Search Engine Journal. Retrieved December 10, 2017.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You.com#0
You.com You.com is an AI assistant that began as a personalization-focused search engine.[1] While still offering web search capabilities, You.com has evolved to prioritize a chat-first AI assistant.[2] The company was founded in 2020 by Richard Socher,[3][4] the former Chief Scientist at Salesforce and third most-cited researcher in Natural Language Processing with over 175,000 citations,[5] and Bryan McCann,[6][7][8][9] a former Lead Research Scientist in NLP at Salesforce. Socher is CEO and M
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cientist in NLP at Salesforce. Socher is CEO and McCann CTO.[10][11] In December 2022, You.com was the first search engine[12] to integrate a consumer-facing Large Language Model (LLM) with real-time internet access for up-to-date responses with citations.[13][2] In February 2023, it was the first to introduce multimodal AI chat capabilities, providing users with various types of responses, including visual elements like stock charts.[14] In 2023, Time named Socher to the "TIME100 AI", recognizi
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, Time named Socher to the "TIME100 AI", recognizing "the most influential people in AI".[15] In an interview with Time, Socher expressed You.com's goal of enhancing user productivity and access to information, stating, "to give people answers more quickly, make them more productive, efficient, more well-informed, with better privacy."[16] History [edit]Following its 2020 founding, You.com opened its public beta on November 9, 2021,[17] and received $20 million in funding led by Salesforce found
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ved $20 million in funding led by Salesforce founder and CEO Marc Benioff.[6][18] Other investors include Breyer Capital, Sound Ventures, and Day One Ventures.[19] The domain You.com was initially purchased in 1996 by Benioff.[10] Benioff invested in You.com and transferred ownership of the You.com domain name to the company.[19] Benioff called You.com "the future of search" in a statement during its public beta launch and said, "We're at a critical inflection point in the internet's history, an
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cal inflection point in the internet's history, and we must take steps to restore trust online."[19] In July 2022, You.com announced its $25 million Series A funding round led by Radical Ventures[20] with participation from Marc Benioff's Time Ventures, Breyer Capital, Norwest Venture Partners and Day One Ventures.[21] By mid-December 2022, You.com shared that it had surpassed one million active users,[22] and the number of searches grew by over 400% in six months.[23] Features [edit]On December
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400% in six months.[23] Features [edit]On December 23, 2022, You.com was the first search engine to launch a ChatGPT-style chatbot with live web results alongside its responses.[24][25][12] Initially known as YouChat,[26] the chatbot was primarily based on the GPT-3.5 large language model and could answer questions, suggest ideas,[27] translate text,[28] summarize articles, compose emails, and write code snippets, while staying up-to-date with current events [12] and citing sources. Several furt
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rrent events [12] and citing sources. Several further versions of YouChat were released. The second version, called YouChat 2.0, was released on February 7, 2023,[29][30] incorporated improved conversational AI[31] and community-built applications by blending a large language model named C-A-L (Chat, Apps, and Links).[31][26] This update enabled YouChat to provide results in various formats, such as charts,[32] photos,[33] videos, tables, graphs, text or code, so users can find answers without l
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text or code, so users can find answers without leaving the search results page. YouChat 3.0, unveiled on May 4, 2023,[34] combined chat functionality with results from Reddit, TikTok, Stack Overflow and Wikipedia. AI Modes [edit]In 2023, You.com transitioned from a search engine to a chat-first AI assistant, while still offering web search capabilities.[1] You.com introduced AI Modes to offer a tailored interaction experience through its platform. These modes—Smart, Genius, Create, and Researc
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rm. These modes—Smart, Genius, Create, and Research—are designed to address varying user needs, from quick information retrieval to complex problem-solving to research and creative content generation.[2] Within You.com's AI Modes, the Custom Model Selector grants users the flexibility to switch between various leading AI models, such as OpenAI's GPT-4, Anthropic's Claude series, Google's Gemini Pro, and Zephyr.[35] YouPro [edit]On June 21, 2023, You.com introduced YouPro, a paid subscription ser
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You.com introduced YouPro, a paid subscription service granting unlimited access to its advanced chatbot functionalities.[36] Both free and paid versions of You.com give users access to the internet, unlike others that have knowledge cutoffs.[35] AI Tools [edit]Early on,You.com featured AI-powered tools throughout its product experience. In March 2022, the company launched YouWrite, a GPT-3 text generator for writing e-mails and other documents.[37][38] YouWrite[39] is an AI writing tool[40] tha
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37][38] YouWrite[39] is an AI writing tool[40] that aims to help writers,[30] authors, and bloggers overcome writer's block and improve their skills. It can provide assistance with the creation various types of written content[40] including emails, blog posts, novels, essays and social media posts. It uses OpenAI's GPT-3[41] to generate content for users based on information[42][43] such as text type, target audience and desired tone, provided by users in text prompts. YouImagine is an artificia
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users in text prompts. YouImagine is an artificial intelligence art tool[44] that uses Stable Diffusion.[26][45] It allow users to submit prompts, which are used by AI to generate images.[46] On July 14, 2022, You.com announced the launch of YouCode,[47] a programming knowledge base, similar to resources like Stack Overflow and GitHub, that aimed to help programmers to find solutions to issues.[32] YouCode had a search bar that used natural language processing, AI code generation tools,[48] cod
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uage processing, AI code generation tools,[48] code samples, and a collection of relevant resources. It allowed developers to search for code snippets[49][50] and access relevant documentation,[51] and academic publications.[49] There were several built-in developer-specific tools, such as a code editor and a debugging console,[26] tools to verify JSON files,[52][50] and to generate color codes in various formats like HEX, RGB, and HSV.[41] Reception [edit]In its review of You.com's YouPro servi
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tion [edit]In its review of You.com's YouPro service, ZDNet highlighted its cost-effectiveness for accessing diverse large language models from leading tech companies.[35] It praised YouPro for offering unique features such as comprehensive internet access and a Custom Model Selector, enhancing the AI chat experience. ZDNet recommended YouPro for individuals looking to explore advanced AI capabilities affordably, though it noted experiences might vary compared to using models on their native pla
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vary compared to using models on their native platforms.[35] You.com was named one of Time's "The Best Inventions of 2022."[53][54] References [edit]- ^ a b Pierce, David (September 25, 2023). "The AI assistant revolution is more than 50 years in the making". The Verge. - ^ a b c Nuñez, Michael (January 25, 2024). "Another search breakthrough? You.com debuts AI that can answer multi-step questions". Venture Beat. - ^ Miller, Ron. "You.com takes aim at Google and Microsoft with multimodal chat s
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aim at Google and Microsoft with multimodal chat search". TechCrunch. Retrieved June 10, 2023. - ^ Miller, Ron (December 8, 2020). "Former Salesforce chief scientist announces new search engine to take on Google". TechCrunch. Retrieved April 19, 2022. - ^ "Google Scholar, Richard Socher". Google Scholar. Retrieved April 7, 2024. - ^ a b Wiggers, Kyle (November 9, 2021). "AI-driven search engine You.com takes on Google with $20M". VentureBeat. Retrieved March 22, 2022. - ^ "Bryan McCann". Google
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rieved March 22, 2022. - ^ "Bryan McCann". Google Scholar. - ^ "Your AI Adventure Starts Here, you.com". you.com. Retrieved August 18, 2023. - ^ "What is You.com". You.com. Retrieved August 18, 2023. - ^ a b Pardes, Arielle (March 31, 2023). "Search Has Its Goliath. Could Richard Socher Be Its David?". The Information. Retrieved April 7, 2023. - ^ "About You.com". about.you.com. - ^ a b c Hachman, Mark. "You.com's AI-infused Google rival provides a tantalizing glimpse of the future". PCWorld. -
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a tantalizing glimpse of the future". PCWorld. - ^ Miller, Ron (February 15, 2023). "You.com takes aim at Google and Microsoft with multimodal chat search". TechCrunch. Retrieved April 7, 2024. - ^ Miller, Ron (February 15, 2023). "You.com takes aim at Google and Microsoft with multimodal chat search". TechCrunch. Retrieved April 7, 2024. - ^ "TIME100 AI". Time Magazine. September 7, 2023. - ^ Chow, Andrew (September 7, 2023). "TIME100 AI Richard Socher CEO and Founder, You.com". Time Magazine.