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2,726 | # Atlas Autocode
## Syntax
Atlas Autocode\'s syntax was largely similar to ALGOL, though it was influenced by the output device which the author had available, a Friden Flexowriter. Thus, it allowed symbols like `½` for `.5` and the superscript ^`2`^ for *to the power of 2*. The Flexowriter supported overstriking and... | 487 | Atlas Autocode | 1 |
2,729 | # Arthur J. Stone
**Arthur J. Stone** (1847--1938), a leading American silversmith, was born, trained and worked in Sheffield, England, and Edinburgh, Scotland, before travelling to the United States in 1884. He was one of the last silversmiths in America to train apprentices to carry out designs in hand-wrought silve... | 121 | Arthur J. Stone | 0 |
2,732 | # Au file format
The **Au file format** is a simple audio file format introduced by Sun Microsystems. The format was common on NeXT systems and on early Web pages. Originally it was headerless, being 8-bit μ-law-encoded data at an 8000 Hz sample rate. Hardware from other vendors often used sample rates as high as 8192... | 578 | Au file format | 0 |
2,735 | # April 7
| 3 | April 7 | 0 |
2,739 | # Abhorrers
**Abhorrers** is the name given in 1679 to the persons who expressed their abhorrence at the action of those who had signed petitions urging King Charles II of England to assemble Parliament.
At the time, James, Duke of York and James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth were seen as rival potential heirs to Charl... | 338 | Abhorrers | 0 |
2,741 | # Abigail
**Abigail** (`{{hebrew Name|אֲבִיגַיִל|ʾAvīgayīl|ʾĂḇīḡayīl}}`{=mediawiki}) was an Israelite woman in the Hebrew Bible married to Nabal; she married the future King David after Nabal\'s death (1 Samuel `{{Bibleref2-nb|1SAM|25|NIV}}`{=mediawiki}). Abigail was David\'s third wife, after Ahinoam and Saul\'s daug... | 767 | Abigail | 0 |
2,741 | # Abigail
## In art {#in_art}
Abigail, and especially her meeting with David, was a common subject of European artwork in the Renaissance and post-Renaissance period. Artists depicting her, or them, include Antonio Molinari, Juan Antonio Escalante, and Peter Paul Rubens.
Abigail is a featured figure on Judy Chicago\... | 66 | Abigail | 1 |
2,747 | # Arabian Sea
The **Arabian Sea** (*baḥr al-ʿarab*) is a region of sea in the northern Indian Ocean, bounded on the west by the Arabian Peninsula, Gulf of Aden and Guardafui Channel, on the northwest by Gulf of Oman and Iran, on the north by Pakistan, on the east by India, and on the southeast by the Laccadive Sea and... | 775 | Arabian Sea | 0 |
2,747 | # Arabian Sea
## Trade routes {#trade_routes}
upright=1.8\|thumb\|Names, routes and locations of the *Periplus of the Erythraean Sea* The Arabian Sea has been an important marine trade route since the era of the *coastal sailing vessels* from possibly as early as the 3rd millennium BCE, certainly the late 2nd millenn... | 808 | Arabian Sea | 1 |
2,747 | # Arabian Sea
## Environment and wildlife {#environment_and_wildlife}
The wildlife of the Arabian sea is diverse, and entirely unique because of the geographic distribution.
<File:Karachi> Mangroves.jpg\|Mangrove forests of **Karachi, Pakistan** <File:The-Worlds-Most-Isolated-and-Distinct-Whale-Population-Humpback-W... | 114 | Arabian Sea | 2 |
2,758 | # Aelbert Cuyp
**Aelbert Jacobszoon Cuyp** or **Cuijp** (`{{IPA|nl|ˈɑlbər ˈtɕaːkɔpsoːŋ ˈkœyp}}`{=mediawiki}; 20 October 1620 -- 15 November 1691) was one of the leading Dutch Golden Age painters, producing mainly landscapes. The most famous of a family of painters, the pupil of his father, Jacob Gerritszoon Cuyp (1594... | 283 | Aelbert Cuyp | 0 |
2,758 | # Aelbert Cuyp
## Style
The development of Cuyp, who was trained as a landscape painter, may be roughly sketched in three phases based on the painters who most influenced him during that time and the subsequent artistic characteristics that are apparent in his paintings. Generally, Cuyp learned tone from the exceptio... | 655 | Aelbert Cuyp | 1 |
2,758 | # Aelbert Cuyp
## Paintings
Sunlight in his paintings rakes across the panel, accentuating small bits of detail in the golden light. In large, atmospheric panoramas of the countryside, the highlights on a blade of meadow grass, the mane of a tranquil horse, the horn of a dairy cow reclining by a stream, or the tip of... | 294 | Aelbert Cuyp | 2 |
2,758 | # Aelbert Cuyp
## Misattribution of paintings {#misattribution_of_paintings}
In addition to the scarcely documented and confirmed biography of Cuyp\'s life, and even more so than his amalgamated style from his three main influences, there are yet other factors that have led to the misattribution and confusion over Ae... | 649 | Aelbert Cuyp | 3 |
2,758 | # Aelbert Cuyp
## Gallery
<File:Aelbert> Cuyp - Landscape with cattle - Google Art Project.jpg\|*Landscape with cattle*\
(c. 1639--1649)\
National Gallery of Victoria <File:Aelbert> Cuyp (Dutch - A View of the Maas at Dordrecht - Google Art Project.jpg\|*A View of the Maas at Dordrecht*\
(about 1645--1646)\
J. Paul G... | 245 | Aelbert Cuyp | 4 |
2,763 | # Alkyne
$\ce{H-C#C}
\ce{-H}$
Acetylene
$\ce{H-C#C}{-}
\ce{\overset{\displaystyle{H} \atop |}{\underset{| \atop \displaystyle{H}}C}}
\ce{-H}$
Propyne
$\ce{H-C#C}{-}
\ce{\overset{\displaystyle{H} \atop |}{\underset{| \atop \displaystyle{H}}C}}{-}
\ce{\overset{\displaystyle{H} \atop |}{\underset{| \atop \displaystyl... | 505 | Alkyne | 0 |
2,763 | # Alkyne
## Naming alkynes {#naming_alkynes}
In systematic chemical nomenclature, alkynes are named with the Greek prefix system without any additional letters. Examples include ethyne or octyne. In parent chains with four or more carbons, it is necessary to say where the triple bond is located. For octyne, one can e... | 369 | Alkyne | 1 |
2,763 | # Alkyne
## Synthesis
### From calcium carbide {#from_calcium_carbide}
Classically, acetylene was prepared by hydrolysis (protonation) of calcium carbide (Ca^2+^\[:C≡C:\]^2--^):
: Ca\^{2+}\[C#C\]\^2- + 2 HOH -\> HC#CH + Ca\^{2+}\[(HO\^{-})2\]
which was in turn synthesized by combining quicklime and coke in an el... | 376 | Alkyne | 2 |
2,763 | # Alkyne
## Reactions, including applications {#reactions_including_applications}
Featuring a reactive functional group, alkynes participate in many organic reactions. Such use was pioneered by Ralph Raphael, who in 1955 wrote the first book describing their versatility as intermediates in synthesis. In spite of thei... | 1,131 | Alkyne | 3 |
2,764 | # AbiWord
**AbiWord** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|b|i|w|ɜr|d}}`{=mediawiki}) is a free and open-source word processor. It is written in C++ and since version 3 it is based on GTK+ 3. The name \"AbiWord\" is derived from the root of the Spanish word \"*abierto*\", meaning \"open\".
AbiWord was originally started by SourceGear Cor... | 500 | AbiWord | 0 |
2,766 | # Ames test
The **Ames test** is a widely employed method that uses bacteria to test whether a given chemical can cause mutations in the DNA of the test organism. More formally, it is a biological assay to assess the mutagenic potential of chemical compounds. A positive test indicates that the chemical is mutagenic an... | 464 | Ames test | 0 |
2,766 | # Ames test
## Ames test and carcinogens {#ames_test_and_carcinogens}
Mutagens identified via Ames test are also possible carcinogens, and early studies by Ames showed that 90% of known carcinogens may be identified via this test. Later studies however showed identification of 50--70% of known carcinogens. The test w... | 577 | Ames test | 1 |
2,766 | # Ames test
## Fluctuation method {#fluctuation_method}
The Ames test was initially developed using agar plates (the plate incorporation technique), as described above. Since that time, an alternative to performing the Ames test has been developed, which is known as the \"fluctuation method\". This technique is the s... | 434 | Ames test | 2 |
2,769 | # Antianginal
An **antianginal** is a drug used in the treatment of *angina pectoris*, a symptom of ischaemic heart disease.
**Myocardial ischemia** arises from the dysfunction of coronary macrovascular or microvascular components, leading to a compromised supply of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium. The underly... | 537 | Antianginal | 0 |
2,769 | # Antianginal
## Examples
Drugs used are nitrates, beta blockers, or calcium channel blockers.
### Nitrates
Nitrates cause vasodilation of the venous capacitance vessels by stimulating the endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). Used to relieve both exertional and vasospastic angina by allowing venous pooling, ... | 360 | Antianginal | 1 |
2,770 | # Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System
The **Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical** (**ATC**) **Classification System** is a drug classification system that classifies the active ingredients of drugs according to the organ or system on which they act and their therapeutic, pharmacological and chemical prop... | 762 | Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System | 0 |
2,770 | # Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System
## Defined daily dose {#defined_daily_dose}
The ATC system also includes defined daily doses (DDDs) for many drugs. This is a measurement of drug consumption based on the usual daily dose for a given drug. According to the definition, \"\[t\]he DDD is the assume... | 243 | Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System | 1 |
2,784 | # Ahimsa
**`{{transliteration|sa|Ahimsa}}`{=mediawiki}** (*अहिंसा*, IAST: `{{IAST|ahiṃsā}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{lit|nonviolence}}`{=mediawiki}) is the ancient Indian principle of nonviolence which applies to actions towards all living beings. It is a key virtue in Indian religions like Jainism, Buddhism and Hinduism.
(al... | 360 | Ahimsa | 0 |
2,784 | # Ahimsa
## Hinduism
### Ancient Vedic texts {#ancient_vedic_texts}
as an ethical concept evolved in the Vedic texts. The oldest scriptures indirectly mention `{{transliteration|sa|Ahimsa}}`{=mediawiki}. Over time, the Hindu scripts revised ritual practices, and the concept of `{{transliteration|sa|Ahimsa}}`{=mediaw... | 679 | Ahimsa | 1 |
2,784 | # Ahimsa
## Hinduism
### Self-defence, criminal law, and war {#self_defence_criminal_law_and_war}
The classical texts of Hinduism devote numerous chapters to discussing what people who practice the virtue of `{{transliteration|sa|ahimsa}}`{=mediawiki} can and must do when faced with war, violent threat, or the need t... | 544 | Ahimsa | 2 |
2,784 | # Ahimsa
## Hinduism
### Non-human life {#non_human_life}
thumb\|upright=0.8\|The 5th-century CE Tamil scholar Valluvar, in his *Tirukkural*, taught `{{transliteration|sa|ahimsa}}`{=mediawiki} and moral vegetarianism as personal virtues. The plaque in this statue of Valluvar at an animal sanctuary at Tiruvallur descr... | 706 | Ahimsa | 3 |
2,784 | # Ahimsa
## Hinduism
### Modern times {#modern_times}
In the 19th and 20th centuries, prominent figures of Indian spirituality such as Shrimad Rajchandra and Swami Vivekananda emphasised the importance of Ahimsa.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi successfully promoted the principle of `{{transliteration|sa|ahimsa}}`{=media... | 385 | Ahimsa | 4 |
2,784 | # Ahimsa
## Hinduism
### Yoga
means \"abstinence from malice towards all living creatures in every way and at all times\". *Ahimsa* is imperative for practitioners of Patañjali\'s eight limb Raja yoga system. It is included in the first limb and is the first of five `{{transliteration|sa|[[Yamas]]}}`{=mediawiki} (sel... | 206 | Ahimsa | 5 |
2,784 | # Ahimsa
## Jainism
In Jainism, the understanding and implementation of `{{transliteration|sa|ahimsa}}`{=mediawiki} is more radical, scrupulous, and comprehensive than in any other religion. Killing any living being out of passions like attachment is considered `{{transliteration|sa|hiṃsā}}`{=mediawiki} (to injure) a... | 769 | Ahimsa | 6 |
2,784 | # Ahimsa
## Buddhism
Further information: Noble Eightfold Path, Buddhist ethics#Killing, causing others to kill, Buddhism and violence, Engaged Buddhism In Buddhist texts `{{transliteration|sa|ahimsa}}`{=mediawiki} (or its Pāli cognate `{{transliteration|pi|avihiṃsā}}`{=mediawiki}) is part of the Five Precepts (`{{IA... | 995 | Ahimsa | 7 |
2,785 | # Annals of Mathematics
*Mathematische Annalen*}} `{{Infobox journal
| title = Annals of Mathematics
| cover =
| language = English
| editor =
| discipline = [[Mathematics]]
| abbreviation = Ann. Math.
| mathscinet = Ann. of Math.
| caption =
| formernames = The Analyst
| publisher = [[Princeton University]] and th... | 500 | Annals of Mathematics | 0 |
2,807 | # Active Directory
**Active Directory** (**AD**) is a directory service developed by Microsoft for Windows domain networks. Windows Server operating systems include it as a set of processes and services.`{{r|DSA-MSDN|WI4}}`{=mediawiki} Originally, only centralized domain management used Active Directory. However, it u... | 427 | Active Directory | 0 |
2,807 | # Active Directory
## Active Directory Services {#active_directory_services}
Active Directory Services consist of multiple directory services. The best known is Active Directory Domain Services, commonly abbreviated as AD DS or simply AD.
### Domain Services {#domain_services}
Active Directory Domain Services (AD D... | 615 | Active Directory | 1 |
2,807 | # Active Directory
## Logical structure {#logical_structure}
Active Directory is a service comprising a database and executable code. It is responsible for managing requests and maintaining the database. The Directory System Agent is the executable part, a set of Windows services and processes that run on Windows 200... | 1,266 | Active Directory | 2 |
2,807 | # Active Directory
## Physical structure {#physical_structure}
*Sites* are physical (rather than logical) groupings defined by one or more IP subnets. AD also defines connections, distinguishing low-speed (e.g., WAN, VPN) from high-speed (e.g., LAN) links. Site definitions are independent of the domain and OU structu... | 796 | Active Directory | 3 |
2,807 | # Active Directory
## Trusting
To allow users in one domain to access resources in another, Active Directory uses trusts.
Trusts inside a forest are automatically created when domains are created. The forest sets the default boundaries of trust, and implicit, transitive trust is automatic for all domains within a fo... | 367 | Active Directory | 4 |
2,807 | # Active Directory
## Unix integration {#unix_integration}
Varying levels of interoperability with Active Directory can be achieved on most Unix-like operating systems (including Unix, Linux, Mac OS X or Java and Unix-based programs) through standards-compliant LDAP clients, but these systems usually do not interpret... | 339 | Active Directory | 5 |
2,810 | # Aldona of Lithuania
**Aldona** (baptized *Ona* or *Anna*; her pagan name, Aldona, is known only from the writings of Maciej Stryjkowski; c. 1309 -- 26 May 1339) was Queen consort of Poland (1333--1339), and a princess of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. She was the daughter of Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania.
## Bi... | 417 | Aldona of Lithuania | 0 |
2,815 | # Advanced Mobile Phone System
**Advanced Mobile Phone System** (**AMPS**) was an analog mobile phone system standard originally developed by Bell Labs and later modified in a cooperative effort between Bell Labs and Motorola. It was officially introduced in the Americas on October 13, 1983, and was deployed in many o... | 687 | Advanced Mobile Phone System | 0 |
2,815 | # Advanced Mobile Phone System
## Cloning
In the 1990s, an epidemic of \"cloning\" cost the cellular carriers millions of dollars. An eavesdropper with specialized equipment could intercept a handset\'s ESN (Electronic Serial Number) and MDN or CTN (Mobile Directory Number or Cellular Telephone Number). The Electroni... | 413 | Advanced Mobile Phone System | 1 |
2,815 | # Advanced Mobile Phone System
## Standards
AMPS was originally standardized by American National Standards Institute (ANSI) as EIA/TIA/IS-3. EIA/TIA/IS-3 was superseded by EIA/TIA-553 and TIA interim standard with digital technologies, the cost of wireless service is so low that the problem of cloning has virtually ... | 545 | Advanced Mobile Phone System | 2 |
2,815 | # Advanced Mobile Phone System
## Analog AMPS being replaced by digital {#analog_amps_being_replaced_by_digital}
In 2002, the FCC decided to no longer require A and B carriers to support AMPS service as of February 18, 2008. All AMPS carriers have converted to a digital standard such as CDMA2000 or GSM. Digital techn... | 300 | Advanced Mobile Phone System | 3 |
2,815 | # Advanced Mobile Phone System
## Commercial deployments of AMPS by country {#commercial_deployments_of_amps_by_country}
+---------+------------------------+-------------+----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------... | 1,180 | Advanced Mobile Phone System | 4 |
2,819 | # Aerodynamics
300px\|thumb\|upright=1.6\|A NASA wake turbulence study at Wallops Island in 1990. A vortex is created by passage of an aircraft wing, revealed by smoke. Vortices are one of the many phenomena associated with the study of aerodynamics.
**Aerodynamics** (`{{etymology|grc|''{{wikt-lang|grc|ἀήρ}}'' ({{grc... | 981 | Aerodynamics | 0 |
2,819 | # Aerodynamics
## Fundamental concepts {#fundamental_concepts}
Understanding the motion of air around an object (often called a flow field) enables the calculation of forces and moments acting on the object. In many aerodynamics problems, the forces of interest are the fundamental forces of flight: lift, drag, thrust... | 1,004 | Aerodynamics | 1 |
2,819 | # Aerodynamics
## Branches of aerodynamics {#branches_of_aerodynamics}
Aerodynamic problems are classified by the flow environment or properties of the flow, including flow speed, compressibility, and viscosity. *External* aerodynamics is the study of flow around solid objects of various shapes. Evaluating the lift a... | 574 | Aerodynamics | 2 |
2,819 | # Aerodynamics
## Branches of aerodynamics {#branches_of_aerodynamics}
### Compressible aerodynamics {#compressible_aerodynamics}
According to the theory of aerodynamics, a flow is considered to be compressible if the density changes along a streamline. This means that -- unlike incompressible flow -- changes in dens... | 671 | Aerodynamics | 3 |
2,819 | # Aerodynamics
## Aerodynamics in other fields {#aerodynamics_in_other_fields}
### Engineering design {#engineering_design}
Aerodynamics is a significant element of vehicle design, including road cars and trucks where the main goal is to reduce the vehicle drag coefficient, and racing cars, where in addition to redu... | 225 | Aerodynamics | 4 |
2,820 | # Andreas Schlüter
**Andreas Schlüter** (1659 -- c. June 1714) was a German baroque sculptor and architect, active in the Holy Roman Empire, the Polish--Lithuanian Commonwealth, and Russia.
## Biography
Andreas Schlüter was born probably in Hamburg, in 1659. His early life is obscure as at least three different pers... | 664 | Andreas Schlüter | 0 |
2,826 | # Antigonid dynasty
Roman Macedonia \| flag_s1 = \| s2 = Seleucid Empire \| flag_s2 = \| image_s2 = \| s3 = \| flag_s3 = \| image_s3 = \| image_coat = Perseus of Macedonia Tetradrachm 90060057.jpg \| coa_size = 175px \| symbol = \| symbol_type = Tetradrachm with the Eagle of Zeus and the inscription *ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΠΕΡΣΕΩΣ*... | 430 | Antigonid dynasty | 0 |
2,826 | # Antigonid dynasty
## History
The beginning of Hellenistic Greece was defined by the struggle between the Antipatrid dynasty, led first by Cassander (r. 305 -- 297 BC), son of Antipater, and the Antigonid dynasty, led by Antigonus I Monophthalmus (r. 306 -- 301 BC) and his son, the future king Demetrius I Poliorcete... | 410 | Antigonid dynasty | 1 |
2,826 | # Antigonid dynasty
## Dynasty
The ruling members of the Antigonid dynasty were:
+-------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------... | 568 | Antigonid dynasty | 2 |
2,826 | # Antigonid dynasty
## Coin gallery {#coin_gallery}
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------... | 60 | Antigonid dynasty | 3 |
2,830 | # Abjuration
**Abjuration** is the solemn repudiation, abandonment, or renunciation by or upon oath, often the renunciation of citizenship or some other right or privilege. The term comes from the Latin *abjurare*, \"to forswear\".
## Abjuration of the realm {#abjuration_of_the_realm}
**Abjuration of the realm** was... | 685 | Abjuration | 0 |
2,830 | # Abjuration
## Bilino Polje abjuration {#bilino_polje_abjuration}
The Bilino Polje abjuration, also known as \"Confessio Christianorum bosniensis\", was an act of alleged heresy abjuration by clergy of the Bosnian Church in presence of the Bosnian ruler, Ban Kulin, and Giovanni da Casamari. It affirmed the primacy o... | 168 | Abjuration | 1 |
2,836 | # Azawakh
The **Azawakh** is a breed of dog from West Africa. With ancient origins, it is raised throughout the Sahelian zone of Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso. This region includes the Azawagh Valley for which the breed is named. While commonly associated with the nomadic Tuareg people, the dogs are also bred and owne... | 674 | Azawakh | 0 |
2,853 | # Aberdeen Bestiary
The ***Aberdeen Bestiary*** (Aberdeen University Library, Univ Lib. MS 24) is a 12th-century English illuminated manuscript bestiary that was first listed in 1542 in the inventory of the Old Royal Library at the Palace of Westminster. Due to similarities, it is often considered to be the \"sister\"... | 405 | Aberdeen Bestiary | 0 |
2,853 | # Aberdeen Bestiary
## Description
### Materials
The Aberdeen bestiary is a gilded, decorated manuscript featuring large miniatures and some of the finest pigment, parchment and gold leaf from its time. Some portions of the manuscript such as folio eight recto even feature tarnished silver leaf. The original patron ... | 949 | Aberdeen Bestiary | 1 |
2,853 | # Aberdeen Bestiary
## Contents
- Folio 1 recto : Genesis creation narrative of heaven and earth (*Genesis,* 1: 1--5). (Full page)
- Folio 1 verso: Creation of the waters and the firmament (*Genesis,* 1: 6--8)
- Folio 2 recto : Creation of the birds and fish (*Genesis,* 1: 20--23)
- Folio 2 verso : Creation o... | 1,064 | Aberdeen Bestiary | 2 |
2,853 | # Aberdeen Bestiary
## Contents
### Snakes and Reptiles (*Serpentes*) {#snakes_and_reptiles_serpentes}
- Folio 64 verso : Peridexion tree (*Perindens*)
- Folio 65 verso : Snake (*Serpens*)
- Folio 65 verso : Dragon (*Draco*)
- Folio 66 recto : Basilisk (*Basiliscus*)
- Folio 66 verso : Regulus (*Regulus*)
-... | 638 | Aberdeen Bestiary | 3 |
2,853 | # Aberdeen Bestiary
## Gallery
<File:Phoenix> detail from Aberdeen Bestiary.jpg\|alt=Folio 56 Recto - Phoenix (detail)\|Folio 56 Recto - Phoenix (detail) <File:Aberdeen> Bestiary Basilisk.jpg\|alt=Folio 66 Recto - Basilisk (Detail)\|Folio 66 Recto - Basilisk (detail) <File:Beaver> (Aberdeen Bestiary).jpg\|alt=Folio 1... | 180 | Aberdeen Bestiary | 4 |
2,856 | # Latin American Integration Association
The **Latin American Integration Association** / **Asociación Latinoamericana de Integración** / **Associação Latino-Americana de Integração** (**LAIA** / **ALADI**) is an international and regional scope organization. It was created on 12 August 1980 by the **1980 Montevideo T... | 648 | Latin American Integration Association | 0 |
2,856 | # Latin American Integration Association
## Institutional structure {#institutional_structure}
Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs
The Council of Ministers is the supreme body of the ALADI, and adopts the decisions for the superior political management of the integration process. It is constituted by the Ministe... | 297 | Latin American Integration Association | 1 |
2,858 | # Aircraft spotting
**Aircraft spotting** or **planespotting** is a hobby consisting of observing and tracking aircraft, which is usually accomplished by photography or videography. Besides monitoring aircraft, planespotters also record information regarding airports, air traffic control communications, airline routes... | 559 | Aircraft spotting | 0 |
2,858 | # Aircraft spotting
## Spotting styles {#spotting_styles}
Some spotters will note and compile the markings, a national insignia or airline livery or logo, a squadron badge or code letters in the case of a military aircraft. Published manuals allow more information to be deduced, such as the delivery date or the manuf... | 485 | Aircraft spotting | 1 |
2,858 | # Aircraft spotting
## Legal ramifications {#legal_ramifications}
The legal repercussions of the hobby were dramatically shown in November 2001 when fourteen aircraft spotters (twelve British, two Dutch) were arrested by Greek police after being observed at an open day at the Greek Air Force base at Kalamata. They we... | 456 | Aircraft spotting | 2 |
2,868 | # Amanda Hesser
**Amanda Hesser** (born 1971) is an American food writer, editor, cookbook author and entrepreneur. Most notably, she was the food editor of *The New York Times Magazine*, the editor of *T Living*, a quarterly publication of *The New York Times*, author of *The Essential New York Times Cookbook* which ... | 449 | Amanda Hesser | 0 |
2,877 | # Augustine of Canterbury
**Augustine of Canterbury** (early 6th century -- most likely 26 May 604) was a Christian monk who became the first archbishop of Canterbury in the year 597. He is considered the \"Apostle to the English\".
Augustine was the prior of a monastery in Rome when Pope Gregory the Great chose him ... | 268 | Augustine of Canterbury | 0 |
2,877 | # Augustine of Canterbury
## Background to the mission {#background_to_the_mission}
After the withdrawal of the Roman legions from their province of Britannia in 410, the inhabitants were left to defend themselves against the attacks of the Saxons. Before the Roman withdrawal, Britannia had been converted to Christia... | 950 | Augustine of Canterbury | 1 |
2,877 | # Augustine of Canterbury
## Arrival and first efforts {#arrival_and_first_efforts}
Augustine was accompanied by Laurence of Canterbury, his eventual successor to the archbishopric, and a group of about 40 companions, some of whom were monks. Soon after leaving Rome, the missionaries halted, daunted by the nature of ... | 851 | Augustine of Canterbury | 2 |
2,877 | # Augustine of Canterbury
## Additional work {#additional_work}
In 604, Augustine founded two more bishoprics in Britain. Two men who had come to Britain with him in 601 were consecrated, Mellitus as Bishop of London and Justus as Bishop of Rochester. Bede relates that Augustine, with the help of the king, \"recovere... | 664 | Augustine of Canterbury | 3 |
2,877 | # Augustine of Canterbury
## Death and legacy {#death_and_legacy}
Before his death, Augustine consecrated Laurence of Canterbury as his successor to the archbishopric, probably to ensure an orderly transfer of office. Although at the time of Augustine\'s death, 26 May 604, the mission barely extended beyond Kent, his... | 461 | Augustine of Canterbury | 4 |
2,889 | # Amorphous solid
In condensed matter physics and materials science, an **amorphous solid** (or **non-crystalline solid**) is a solid that lacks the long-range order that is a characteristic of a crystal. The terms \"glass\" and \"glassy solid\" are sometimes used synonymously with amorphous solid; however, these term... | 576 | Amorphous solid | 0 |
2,889 | # Amorphous solid
## Characterization of amorphous solids {#characterization_of_amorphous_solids}
Due to the lack of long-range order, standard crystallographic techniques are often inadequate in determining the structure of amorphous solids. A variety of electron, X-ray, and computation-based techniques have been us... | 438 | Amorphous solid | 1 |
2,889 | # Amorphous solid
## Uses and observations {#uses_and_observations}
### Amorphous thin films {#amorphous_thin_films}
Amorphous phases are important constituents of thin films. Thin films are solid layers of a few nanometres to tens of micrometres thickness that are deposited onto a substrate. So-called structure zon... | 536 | Amorphous solid | 2 |
2,899 | # ArgoUML
**ArgoUML** is an UML diagramming application written in Java and released under the open source Eclipse Public License. By virtue of being a Java application, it is available on any platform supported by Java SE.
## History
ArgoUML was originally developed at UC Irvine by Jason E. Robbins, leading to his ... | 303 | ArgoUML | 0 |
2,900 | # File archiver
In computing, a **file archiver** is utility software that combines files into a single archive file `{{endash}}`{=mediawiki} or in less common cases, multiple files.
A minimally designed archiver might concatenate the content of files along with file name and length. A more advanced archiver stores a... | 471 | File archiver | 0 |
2,907 | # Axayacatl
**Axayacatl** (`{{IPAc-en|ˌ|æ|ʃ|ə|ˈ|j|ɑː|k|ə|t|əl}}`{=mediawiki}; *āxāyacatl* `{{IPA|nah|aːʃaːˈjákatɬ||Axayakatl.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}; *Axayácatl* `{{IPA|es|axaˈʝakatɬ|}}`{=mediawiki}; meaning \"face of water\"; c. 1449--1481) was the sixth *\[\[tlatoani\]\]* of the *\[\[altepetl\]\]* of Tenochtitlan and Emp... | 429 | Axayacatl | 0 |
2,908 | # Ahuitzotl
**Ahuitzotl** (*āhuitzotl\]\]*, `{{IPA|nah|aːˈwit͡sot͡ɬ|-|Awisotl.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}) was the eighth Aztec ruler, the *Huey Tlatoani* of the city of Tenochtitlan, son of princess Atotoztli II. His name literally means \"Water Thorny\" and was also applied to the otter. It is also theorized that more likely... | 513 | Ahuitzotl | 0 |
2,916 | # Belgian hip-hop
**Belgian hip hop music** has a few rappers stemming from Africa and Italy. Belgium, like France, controlled African countries like the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire), Rwanda, and Burundi until the early 1960s. Like in France, immigrants from these countries started to study and li... | 266 | Belgian hip-hop | 0 |
2,926 | # Antarctic
The **Antarctic** (`{{IPAc-en|æ|n|ˈ|t|ɑr|(|k|)|t|ɪ|k}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{IPAc-en|USalso|æ|n|t|ˈ|ɑr|(|k|)|t|ɪ|k}}`{=mediawiki}; commonly `{{IPAc-en|æ|n|ˈ|ɑr|t|ɪ|k}}`{=mediawiki})`{{refn|The word was originally pronounced without the first {{IPA|/k/}} sound, but the [[spelling pronunciation]] has become commo... | 331 | Antarctic | 0 |
2,926 | # Antarctic
## Geography
As defined by the Antarctic Treaty System, the Antarctic region is everything south of the 60°S latitude. The Treaty area covers Antarctica and the archipelagos of the Balleny Islands, Peter I Island, Scott Island, the South Orkney Islands, and the South Shetland Islands. However, this area d... | 596 | Antarctic | 1 |
2,926 | # Antarctic
## Society
### People
The first recorded sighting of Antarctica is credited to the Spaniard Gabriel de Castilla, who reported seeing distant southern snow-capped mountains in 1603. The first Antarctic land discovered was the island of South Georgia, visited by the English merchant Anthony de la Roché in ... | 459 | Antarctic | 2 |
2,938 | # Algemeen Nijmeegs Studentenblad
The ***Algemeen Nijmeegs Studentenblad*** is an independent student magazine for the Radboud University Nijmegen. Founded in 1985 by members of the local student union AKKU, it is now published by the Stichting Multimedia.
## Notable publications and controversies {#notable_publicati... | 98 | Algemeen Nijmeegs Studentenblad | 0 |
2,939 | # Interior Alaska
**Interior Alaska** is the central region of Alaska\'s territory, roughly bounded by the Alaska Range to the south and the Brooks Range to the north. It is largely wilderness. Mountains include Denali in the Alaska Range, the Wrangell Mountains, and the Ray Mountains. The native people of the interio... | 690 | Interior Alaska | 0 |
2,941 | # The Bush (Alaska)
In Alaska, **the Bush** typically refers to any region of the state that is not connected to the North American road network and does not have ready access to the state\'s ferry system. A large proportion of Alaska Native populations live in the Bush, often depending on subsistence hunting and fish... | 157 | The Bush (Alaska) | 0 |
2,947 | # Anoa
**Anoa**, also known as **dwarf buffalo** and ***sapiutan***, are two species of the genus *Bubalus*, placed within the subgenus *Anoa* and endemic to the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia: the mountain anoa (*Bubalus quarlesi*) and the lowland anoa (*Bubalus depressicornis*). Both live in undisturbed rainforests... | 675 | Anoa | 0 |
2,947 | # Anoa
## Habitat
Traditionally, a key difference between the two species is the altitude at which they occur. The mountain anoa can be found at higher elevations than its lowland counterpart and is found in the forests. The lowland anoa was said to spend its time in the lower elevation areas and is also found in for... | 406 | Anoa | 1 |
2,948 | # Agner Krarup Erlang
Erlang}} `{{Infobox person
| name = Agner Krarup Erlang
| image = Erlang.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date text|1 January 1878}}
| birth_place = Lønborg, [[Denmark]]
| death_date = {{death-date and age|3 February 1929|1 January 1878}}
| death_place = [[Copenhagen]],... | 421 | Agner Krarup Erlang | 0 |
2,948 | # Agner Krarup Erlang
## Contributions
While working for the CTC, Erlang was presented with the classic problem of determining how many circuits were needed to provide an acceptable telephone service. His thinking went further by finding how many telephone operators were needed to handle a given volume of calls. Most... | 313 | Agner Krarup Erlang | 1 |
2,950 | # Anyone Can Whistle
***Anyone Can Whistle*** is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, and a book by Arthur Laurents. Described as \"a satire on conformity and the insanity of the so-called sane,\" the show tells a story of an economically depressed town whose corrupt mayor decides to create a fake mira... | 694 | Anyone Can Whistle | 0 |
2,950 | # Anyone Can Whistle
## Productions
After multiple revisions, the show opened on Broadway on April 4, 1964, at the Majestic Theatre, where it closed after 9 performances and 12 previews, unable to overcome negative notices from major papers such as the *New York Times* and the *New York Herald Tribune*. Scenic design... | 695 | Anyone Can Whistle | 1 |
2,950 | # Anyone Can Whistle
## Plot
### Act One {#act_one}
The story is set in an imaginary American town that has gone bankrupt. (Its former major industry was an unidentified product that never wore out. Everyone has one now, and no one needs a replacement.) The only place in town doing good business is the local mental ... | 805 | Anyone Can Whistle | 2 |
2,950 | # Anyone Can Whistle
## Plot
### Act Three {#act_three}
Cora is at her house with her council. Schub has put the miracle on hiatus but announces that they can easily pin the blame on Hapgood. The group celebrates their alliance (\"I\'ve Got You to Lean On\"). A mob forms outside the hotel, and Hapgood and Fay, still ... | 681 | Anyone Can Whistle | 3 |
2,950 | # Anyone Can Whistle
## Musical numbers {#musical_numbers}
(*from the Broadway production*) `{{col-begin}}`{=mediawiki} `{{col-3}}`{=mediawiki}
Act I
- Prelude Act I *(instrumental)* --- Orchestra
- I\'m Like the Bluebird --- Company
- Me and My Town --- Cora Hoover Hooper and Boys
- Miracle Song --- Cora, ... | 562 | Anyone Can Whistle | 4 |
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