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24,894 | # PaintShop Pro
## Picture tubes {#picture_tubes}
Picture tubes are graphic images with no background. They are often used as a starting point for complex images; that is, they are combined with other image elements to produce a final work. Tubes can also be regarded as graphic brushes based on a pre-created image; t... | 132 | PaintShop Pro | 7 |
24,894 | # PaintShop Pro
## Ultimate edition {#ultimate_edition}
PaintShop Pro Photo X2 Ultimate was released towards the end of life of PaintShop Pro Photo X2, in September 2008. It included 150 additional picture frames and Picture Tubes, the programs Background Remover, Corel Painter Photo Essentials 4, and Photorecovery, ... | 429 | PaintShop Pro | 8 |
24,910 | # Product topology
In topology and related areas of mathematics, a **product space** is the Cartesian product of a family of topological spaces equipped with a natural topology called the **product topology**. This topology differs from another, perhaps more natural-seeming, topology called the box topology, which can... | 721 | Product topology | 0 |
24,910 | # Product topology
## Properties
The set of Cartesian products between the open sets of the topologies of each $X_i$ forms a basis for what is called the box topology on $X.$ In general, the box topology is finer than the product topology, but for finite products they coincide.
The product space $X,$ together with t... | 793 | Product topology | 1 |
24,913 | # Playdia
The `{{nihongo|'''Playdia'''|プレイディア|Pureidia}}`{=mediawiki} (developed under the codename \"BA-X\") is a fifth-generation home video game console released exclusively in Japan in 1994 at the initial price of ¥24,800. It was intended for a young audience and, like many consoles of the era (such as the LaserAc... | 406 | Playdia | 0 |
24,913 | # Playdia
## Playdia software {#playdia_software}
### 1994
- 09/23 - *Dragon Ball Z - Shin Saiyajin Zetsumetsu Keikaku Chikyū Hen* - \[BAPD-01\]
- 09/23 - *Bishōjo Senshi Sailor Moon S - Quiz Taiketsu! Sailor Power Kesshū!!* - \[BAPD-02\]
- 09/23 - *SD Gundam Daizukan* - \[BAPD-03\]
- 09/28 - *Ultraman Power... | 367 | Playdia | 1 |
24,922 | # List of Polish proverbs
| 5 | List of Polish proverbs | 0 |
24,946 | # Philips Videopac+ G7400
The **Philips Videopac+ G7400** is a third-generation home video game console released in limited quantities in 1983, and only in Europe; an American release as the **Odyssey³ Command Center** was planned for the Odyssey series but never occurred. The G7400 was the successor to the Philips Vi... | 397 | Philips Videopac+ G7400 | 0 |
24,959 | # Proteinoid
**Proteinoids**, or **thermal proteins**, are protein-like, often cross-linked molecules formed abiotically from amino acids. Sidney W. Fox initially proposed that they may have been precursors to the first living cells (protocells). The term was also used in the 1960s to describe peptides that are shorte... | 727 | Proteinoid | 0 |
24,960 | # Permanent Court of International Justice
The **Permanent Court of International Justice**, often called the **World Court**, existed from 1922 to 1946. It was an international court attached to the League of Nations. Created in 1920 (although the idea of an international court was several centuries old), the court w... | 738 | Permanent Court of International Justice | 0 |
24,960 | # Permanent Court of International Justice
## History
### Increasing work {#increasing_work}
The court faced increasing work as it went on, allaying the fears of those commentators who had believed the court would become like the Supreme Court of the United States, which was not presented with a case for its first si... | 666 | Permanent Court of International Justice | 1 |
24,960 | # Permanent Court of International Justice
## History
### Absence of the United States {#absence_of_the_united_states}
The United States never joined the World Court, primarily because enemies of the League of Nations in the Senate argued that the court was too closely linked to the League of Nations. The leading opp... | 630 | Permanent Court of International Justice | 2 |
24,960 | # Permanent Court of International Justice
## Organisation
### Judges
The court initially consisted of 11 judges and 4 deputy judges, recommended by member states of the League of Nations to the Secretary general of the League of Nations, who would put them before the Council and Assembly for election. The Council a... | 629 | Permanent Court of International Justice | 3 |
24,960 | # Permanent Court of International Justice
## Organisation
### Procedure
Under the Covenant of the League of Nations, all League members agreed that if there was a dispute between states they \"recognize to be suitable for submission to arbitration and which cannot be satisfactorily settled by diplomacy\", the matter... | 804 | Permanent Court of International Justice | 4 |
24,960 | # Permanent Court of International Justice
## Organisation
### Registrar and registry {#registrar_and_registry}
Other than the judges, the court also included a registrar and his secretariat, the registry. When the court met for its initial session, opened on 30 January 1922 to allow for the establishment of procedur... | 592 | Permanent Court of International Justice | 5 |
24,960 | # Permanent Court of International Justice
## Cases
### Contentious cases {#contentious_cases}
- S.S. *Wimbledon* case, 1923
- Mavrommatis Palestine Concessions, 1924
- Interpretation of the Treaty of Neuilly Case, 1924
- Mavrommatis Jerusalem Concessions, 1925
- Certain German Interests in Polish Upper Si... | 350 | Permanent Court of International Justice | 6 |
24,960 | # Permanent Court of International Justice
## Jurisdiction
The court\'s jurisdiction was largely optional, but there were some situations in which they had \"compulsory jurisdiction\", and states were required to refer cases to them. That came from three sources: the Optional Clause of the League of Nations, general ... | 386 | Permanent Court of International Justice | 7 |
24,962 | # Paint Your Wagon (musical)
***Paint Your Wagon*** is a Broadway musical comedy, with book and lyrics by Alan J. Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe. The story centers on a miner and his daughter and follows the lives and loves of the people in a mining camp in Gold Rush-era California. Popular songs from the show in... | 890 | Paint Your Wagon (musical) | 0 |
24,962 | # Paint Your Wagon (musical)
## Productions
The musical had a pre-Broadway try-out at the Shubert Theater in Philadelphia opening on September 17, 1951. It opened on Broadway at the Shubert Theatre on November 12, 1951, and closed on July 19, 1952, after 289 performances. The production was directed by Daniel Mann, s... | 475 | Paint Your Wagon (musical) | 1 |
24,965 | # Pacific Overtures
***Pacific Overtures*** is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, and a book by John Weidman, with \"additional material by\" Hugh Wheeler.
Set in nineteenth-century Japan, it tells the story of the country\'s westernization starting in 1853, when American ships forcibly opened it to... | 579 | Pacific Overtures | 0 |
24,965 | # Pacific Overtures
## Productions
*Pacific Overtures* previewed in Boston and ran at The Kennedy Center for a month before opening on Broadway at the Winter Garden Theatre on January 11, 1976. It closed after 193 performances on June 27, 1976. Directed by Harold Prince, the choreography was by Patricia Birch, scenic... | 817 | Pacific Overtures | 1 |
24,965 | # Pacific Overtures
## Plot summary {#plot_summary}
Act I
Conceived as a Japanese playwright\'s version of an American musical about American influences on Japan, *Pacific Overtures* opens in July 1853. Since the foreigners were expelled from the island empire, explains the Reciter, elsewhere wars are fought and mac... | 1,270 | Pacific Overtures | 2 |
24,965 | # Pacific Overtures
## 1984 Off-Broadway revival cast --- characters {#off_broadway_revival_cast_characters}
- Ernest Abuba --- Reciter
- Tony Marino --- Lord Abe, Second Officer
- Thomas Ikeda --- Third Councillor, Merchant\'s Mother, Physician, Madam, Russian Admiral
- Chuck Brown --- Shogun\'s Mother, Old ... | 552 | Pacific Overtures | 3 |
24,965 | # Pacific Overtures
## Critical response and analysis {#critical_response_and_analysis}
\"Someone in a Tree\", where two witnesses describe negotiations between the Japanese and Americans, was Sondheim\'s favorite song out of everything he had written. \"A Bowler Hat\" presents the show\'s theme, as a samurai gradual... | 660 | Pacific Overtures | 4 |
24,974 | # Pelton wheel
The **Pelton wheel** or **Pelton Turbine** is an impulse-type water turbine invented by American inventor Lester Allan Pelton in the 1870s. The Pelton wheel extracts energy from the impulse of moving water, as opposed to water\'s dead weight like the traditional overshot water wheel. Many earlier variat... | 480 | Pelton wheel | 0 |
24,974 | # Pelton wheel
## Design
Nozzles direct forceful, high-speed streams of water against a series of spoon-shaped buckets, also known as impulse blades, which are mounted around the outer rim of a drive wheel (also called a *runner*). As the water jet hits the blades, the direction of water velocity is changed to follow... | 633 | Pelton wheel | 1 |
24,974 | # Pelton wheel
## Turbine physics and derivation {#turbine_physics_and_derivation}
### Energy and initial jet velocity {#energy_and_initial_jet_velocity}
In the ideal (frictionless) case, all of the hydraulic potential energy (*E*~*p*~ = *mgh*) is converted into kinetic energy (*E*~*k*~ = *mv*^2^/2) (see Bernoulli\'... | 864 | Pelton wheel | 2 |
24,974 | # Pelton wheel
## System components {#system_components}
The conduit bringing high-pressure water to the impulse wheel is called the penstock. Originally the penstock was the name of the valve, but the term has been extended to include all of the fluid supply hydraulics. Penstock is now used as a general term for a w... | 69 | Pelton wheel | 3 |
24,984 | # Personality psychology
**Personality psychology** is a branch of psychology that examines personality and its variation among individuals. It aims to show how people are individually different due to psychological forces. Its areas of focus include:
- Describing what personality is
- Documenting how personaliti... | 333 | Personality psychology | 0 |
24,984 | # Personality psychology
## Philosophical assumptions {#philosophical_assumptions}
Many of the ideas conceptualized by historical and modern personality theorists stem from the basic philosophical assumptions they hold. The study of personality is not a purely empirical discipline, as it brings in elements of art, sc... | 342 | Personality psychology | 1 |
24,984 | # Personality psychology
## Personality theories {#personality_theories}
### Type and trait theories {#type_and_trait_theories}
thumb \|upright=1.5 \|Behavioral and psychological characteristics distinguishing introversion and extraversion, which are generally conceived as lying along a continuum Personality type re... | 990 | Personality psychology | 2 |
24,984 | # Personality psychology
## Personality theories {#personality_theories}
### Psychoanalytical theories {#psychoanalytical_theories}
Psychoanalytic theories explain human behavior in terms of the interaction of various components of personality. Sigmund Freud was the founder of this school of thought. He drew on the p... | 686 | Personality psychology | 3 |
24,984 | # Personality psychology
## Personality theories {#personality_theories}
### Behaviorist theories {#behaviorist_theories}
Behaviorists explain personality in terms of the effects external stimuli have on behavior. The approaches used to evaluate the behavioral aspect of personality are known as behavioral theories or... | 1,087 | Personality psychology | 4 |
24,984 | # Personality psychology
## Personality theories {#personality_theories}
### Humanistic theories {#humanistic_theories}
Humanistic psychology emphasizes that people have free will and that this plays an active role in determining how they behave. Accordingly, humanistic psychology focuses on subjective experiences of... | 609 | Personality psychology | 5 |
24,984 | # Personality psychology
## Personality theories {#personality_theories}
### Biopsychological theories {#biopsychological_theories}
thumb\|right\|upright=0.7\|A large iron rod was driven through Gage\'s head, resulting in a personality change. thumb\|right\|upright=0.7\|False-color represent`{{shy}}`{=mediawiki}tatio... | 841 | Personality psychology | 6 |
24,984 | # Personality psychology
## Personality theories {#personality_theories}
### Drive theories {#drive_theories}
In the 1930s, John Dollard and Neal Elgar Miller met at Yale University, and began an attempt to integrate drives (see Drive theory), into a theory of personality, basing themselves on the work of Clark Hull.... | 660 | Personality psychology | 7 |
24,984 | # Personality psychology
## Personality tests {#personality_tests}
There are two major types of personality tests, projective and objective.
*Projective tests* assume personality is primarily unconscious and assess individuals by how they respond to an ambiguous stimulus, such as an ink blot. Projective tests have b... | 629 | Personality psychology | 8 |
24,984 | # Personality psychology
## Personality tests {#personality_tests}
### Methods measuring inner experience {#methods_measuring_inner_experience}
**Descriptive experience sampling (DES)**: Developed by psychologist Russel Hurlburt. This is an idiographic method that is used to help examine inner experiences. This metho... | 463 | Personality psychology | 9 |
24,987 | # Patripassianism
In Christian theology, historically **patripassianism** (as it is referred to in the Western church) is a version of **Sabellianism** in the Eastern church (and a version of **modalism**, **modalistic monarchianism**, or **modal monarchism**). Modalism is the belief that God the Father, Jesus Christ,... | 712 | Patripassianism | 0 |
24,988 | # Denial of the virgin birth of Jesus
**Denial of the virgin birth of Jesus** is found among various groups and individuals throughout the history of Christianity. These groups and individuals often took an approach to Christology that understands Jesus to be human, the literal son of human parents.
In the 19th centu... | 453 | Denial of the virgin birth of Jesus | 0 |
24,988 | # Denial of the virgin birth of Jesus
## 19th--21st centuries {#th21st_centuries}
Biblical scholars, churchmen, and theologians who have notably rejected the virgin birth include:
- Albrecht Ritschl, nineteenth-century German Lutheran theologian, considered one of the fathers of Liberal Protestantism.
- Harry Em... | 829 | Denial of the virgin birth of Jesus | 1 |
24,989 | # Pendulum clock
A **pendulum clock** is a clock that uses a pendulum, a swinging weight, as its timekeeping element. The advantage of a pendulum for timekeeping is that it is an approximate harmonic oscillator: It swings back and forth in a precise time interval dependent on its length, and resists swinging at other ... | 1,218 | Pendulum clock | 0 |
24,989 | # Pendulum clock
## Mechanism
thumb\|right\|upright \| Ansonia Clock model mechanism: c. 1904.
The mechanism which runs a mechanical clock is called the movement. The movements of all mechanical pendulum clocks have these five parts:
- A power source; either a weight on a cord or chain that turns a pulley or spro... | 503 | Pendulum clock | 1 |
24,989 | # Pendulum clock
## Gravity-swing pendulum {#gravity_swing_pendulum}
The pendulum in most clocks *(see diagram)* consists of a wood or metal rod *(a)* with a metal weight called the bob *(b)* on the end. The bob is traditionally lens-shaped to reduce air drag. Wooden rods were often used in quality clocks because woo... | 1,025 | Pendulum clock | 2 |
24,989 | # Pendulum clock
## Gravity-swing pendulum {#gravity_swing_pendulum}
### Leveling and \"beat\" {#leveling_and_beat}
To keep time accurately, pendulum clocks must be level. If they are not, the pendulum swings more to one side than the other, upsetting the symmetrical operation of the escapement. This condition can of... | 548 | Pendulum clock | 3 |
24,989 | # Pendulum clock
## Escapement
thumb\|upright=1.3\|Animation of an anchor escapement, one of the most common escapements used in pendulum clocks
The escapement is a mechanical linkage that converts the force from the clock\'s wheel train into impulses that keep the pendulum swinging back and forth. It is the part th... | 710 | Pendulum clock | 4 |
24,989 | # Pendulum clock
## Styles
Pendulum clocks were more than simply utilitarian timekeepers; due to their high cost they were status symbols that expressed the wealth and culture of their owners. They evolved in a number of traditional styles, specific to different countries and times as well as their intended use. Case... | 84 | Pendulum clock | 5 |
25,004 | # Psychiatrist
A **psychiatrist** is a physician who specializes in psychiatry. Psychiatrists are physicians who evaluate patients to determine whether their symptoms are the result of a physical illness, a combination of physical and mental ailments or strictly mental issues. Sometimes a psychiatrist works within a m... | 476 | Psychiatrist | 0 |
25,004 | # Psychiatrist
## Professional requirements {#professional_requirements}
While requirements to become a psychiatric physician differ from country to country, all require a medical degree.
### India
In India, a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degree is the basic qualification needed to do psychiatry... | 875 | Psychiatrist | 1 |
25,015 | # The Excellent Prismatic Spray
***The Excellent Prismatic Spray*** is a magazine devoted to the fantasy role-playing game *Dying Earth* and the author Jack Vance on whose works the game is based. The magazine is published intermittently by Pelgrane Press and is named for one of the spells used by various wizards in t... | 421 | The Excellent Prismatic Spray | 0 |
25,018 | # Pauli effect
The **Pauli effect** or **Pauli\'s device corollary** is the supposed tendency of technical equipment to encounter critical failure in the presence of certain people --- originally, Austrian physicist Wolfgang Pauli. The Pauli effect is not related to the Pauli exclusion principle, which is a bona fide ... | 497 | Pauli effect | 0 |
25,020 | # Pat Mills
**Patrick Eamon Mills** (born 1949) is an English comics writer and editor who, along with John Wagner, revitalised British boys\' comics in the 1970s, and has remained a leading light in British comics ever since. He has been called \"the godfather of British comics\".
His comics are notable for their vi... | 1,090 | Pat Mills | 0 |
25,021 | # Pearl Index
The **Pearl Index**, also called the **Pearl rate**, is the most common technique used in clinical trials for reporting the effectiveness of a birth control method. It is a very approximate measure of the number of unintended pregnancies in 100 woman-years of exposure that is simple to calculate, but has... | 371 | Pearl Index | 0 |
25,021 | # Pearl Index
## Criticisms
Like all measures of birth control effectiveness, the Pearl Index is a calculation based on the observations of a given sample population. Thus, studies of different populations using the same contraceptive will yield different values for the index. The culture and demographics of the popu... | 334 | Pearl Index | 1 |
25,022 | # Paul Auster
**Paul Benjamin Auster** (February 3, 1947 -- April 30, 2024) was an American writer, novelist, memoirist, poet, and filmmaker. His notable works include *The New York Trilogy* (1987), *Moon Palace* (1989), *The Music of Chance* (1990), *The Book of Illusions* (2002), *The Brooklyn Follies* (2005), *Invi... | 934 | Paul Auster | 0 |
25,022 | # Paul Auster
## Reception
\"Over the past twenty-five years\", wrote Michael Dirda in *The New York Review of Books* in 2008, \"Paul Auster has established one of the most distinctive niches in contemporary literature\". Dirda extolled his virtues in *The Washington Post*, attesting that Auster had \"perfected a lim... | 267 | Paul Auster | 1 |
25,022 | # Paul Auster
## Personal life and death {#personal_life_and_death}
Auster\'s first marriage was to the writer Lydia Davis in 1974. They had one child together, their son Daniel Auster. By 1979 they were separated and were divorced in 1981. In 1981, Auster married his second wife, writer Siri Hustvedt, the daughter o... | 446 | Paul Auster | 2 |
25,022 | # Paul Auster
## Published works {#published_works}
### Fiction
- *Squeeze Play* (1982) (written under pseudonym Paul Benjamin)
- *The New York Trilogy* (1987) `{{ISBN|9780140169638}}`{=mediawiki}
- *City of Glass* (1985)
- *Ghosts* (1986)
- *The Locked Room* (1986)
- *In the Country of Last ... | 749 | Paul Auster | 3 |
25,022 | # Paul Auster
## Other media {#other_media}
- In 1993, a movie adaptation of *The Music of Chance* was released. Auster features in a cameo role at the end of the film.
- In 1994 *City of Glass* was adapted as a graphic novel by artist David Mazzucchelli and Paul Karasik. Auster\'s close friend, noted cartoonist ... | 704 | Paul Auster | 4 |
25,030 | # Plain text
In computing, **plain text** is a loose term for data (e.g. file contents) that represent only characters of readable material but not its graphical representation nor other objects (floating-point numbers, images, etc.). It may also include a limited number of \"whitespace\" characters that affect simple... | 747 | Plain text | 0 |
25,030 | # Plain text
## Encoding
### Character encodings {#character_encodings}
Before the early 1960s, computers were mainly used for number-crunching rather than for text, and memory was extremely expensive. Computers often allocated only 6 bits for each character, permitting only 64 characters---assigning codes for A-Z, ... | 830 | Plain text | 1 |
25,033 | # Piña colada
The **piña colada** (`{{IPAc-en|ˌ|p|iː|n|j|ə|_|k|oʊ|ˈ|l|ɑː|d|ə|,_|-|n|ə|-|,_|-|k|ə|-}}`{=mediawiki};`{{refn|{{MerriamWebsterDictionary|access-date=2016-01-21|piña colada}}}}`{=mediawiki}`{{refn|{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/pi%C3%B1a_colada |title=piña colada |dictionary=[[Lexic... | 440 | Piña colada | 0 |
25,033 | # Piña colada
## Preparation
As recounted by his friends in José L. Díaz de Villegas\'s book, the original Monchito recipe was to pour 85 grams of cream of coconut, 170 grams of pineapple juice and 43 grams of white rum into a blender or shaker with crushed ice, blend or shake very well until smooth, then pour into c... | 375 | Piña colada | 1 |
25,034 | # PackBits
**PackBits** is a fast, simple lossless compression scheme for run-length encoding of data.
Apple introduced the PackBits format with the release of MacPaint on the Macintosh computer. This compression scheme can be used in TIFF files. TGA files also use this RLE compression scheme, but treats data stream ... | 657 | PackBits | 0 |
25,037 | # Phonation
The term **phonation** has slightly different meanings depending on the subfield of phonetics. Among some phoneticians, *phonation* is the process by which the vocal folds produce certain sounds through quasi-periodic vibration. This is the definition used among those who study laryngeal anatomy and physio... | 995 | Phonation | 0 |
25,037 | # Phonation
## State of the glottis {#state_of_the_glottis}
In linguistic phonetic treatments of phonation, such as those of Peter Ladefoged, phonation was considered to be a matter of points on a continuum of tension and closure of the vocal cords. More intricate mechanisms were occasionally described, but they were... | 877 | Phonation | 1 |
25,037 | # Phonation
## Supra-glottal phonation {#supra_glottal_phonation}
In the last few decades it has become apparent that phonation may involve the entire larynx, with as many as six valves and muscles working either independently or together. From the glottis upward, these articulations are:
1. glottal (the vocal cord... | 680 | Phonation | 2 |
25,039 | # Principal ideal domain
In mathematics, a **principal ideal domain**, or **PID**, is an integral domain (that is, a non-zero commutative ring without nonzero zero divisors) in which every ideal is principal (that is, is formed by the multiples of a single element). Some authors such as Bourbaki refer to PIDs as **pri... | 593 | Principal ideal domain | 0 |
25,039 | # Principal ideal domain
## Properties
In a principal ideal domain, any two elements `{{math|''a'',''b''}}`{=mediawiki} have a greatest common divisor, which may be obtained as a generator of the ideal `{{math|(''a'', ''b'')}}`{=mediawiki}.
All Euclidean domains are principal ideal domains, but the converse is not t... | 402 | Principal ideal domain | 1 |
25,040 | # Pioneer program
The **Pioneer programs** were two series of United States lunar and planetary space probes. The first program, which ran from 1958 to 1960, unsuccessfully attempted to send spacecraft to orbit the Moon, successfully sent one spacecraft to fly by the Moon, and successfully sent one spacecraft to inves... | 501 | Pioneer program | 0 |
25,040 | # Pioneer program
## Later missions (1965--1978) {#later_missions_19651978}
Five years after the early Able space probe missions ended, NASA Ames Research Center used the Pioneer name for a new series of missions, initially aimed at the inner Solar System, before the flyby missions to Jupiter and Saturn. While succes... | 329 | Pioneer program | 1 |
25,054 | # Power associativity
In mathematics, specifically in abstract algebra, **power associativity** is a property of a binary operation that is a weak form of associativity.
## Definition
An algebra (or more generally a magma) is said to be power-associative if the subalgebra generated by any element is associative. Con... | 347 | Power associativity | 0 |
25,063 | # Product of rings
In mathematics, a **product of rings** or **direct product of rings** is a ring that is formed by the Cartesian product of the underlying sets of several rings (possibly an infinity), equipped with componentwise operations. It is a direct product in the category of rings.
Since direct products are ... | 699 | Product of rings | 0 |
25,065 | # Parameter
A **parameter** (`{{etymology|grc|''{{wikt-lang|grc|παρά}}'' ({{grc-transl|παρά}})|beside, subsidiary||''{{wikt-lang|grc|μέτρον}}'' ({{grc-transl|μέτρον}})|measure}}`{=mediawiki}), generally, is any characteristic that can help in defining or classifying a particular system (meaning an event, project, obje... | 281 | Parameter | 0 |
25,065 | # Parameter
## Mathematical functions`{{anchor|Mathematics}}`{=mediawiki} {#mathematical_functions}
Mathematical functions have one or more arguments that are designated in the definition by variables. A function definition can also contain parameters, but unlike variables, parameters are not listed among the argumen... | 875 | Parameter | 1 |
25,065 | # Parameter
## Mathematical functions`{{anchor|Mathematics}}`{=mediawiki} {#mathematical_functions}
### Analytic geometry {#analytic_geometry}
In analytic geometry, a curve can be described as the image of a function whose argument, typically called the *parameter*, lies in a real interval.
For example, the unit cir... | 525 | Parameter | 2 |
25,065 | # Parameter
## Mathematical functions`{{anchor|Mathematics}}`{=mediawiki} {#mathematical_functions}
### Probability theory {#probability_theory}
In probability theory, one may describe the distribution of a random variable as belonging to a *family* of probability distributions, distinguished from each other by the v... | 550 | Parameter | 3 |
25,065 | # Parameter
## Artificial intelligence {#artificial_intelligence}
In artificial intelligence, a model describes the probability that something will occur. Parameters in a model are the weight of the various probabilities. Tiernan Ray, in an article on GPT-3, described parameters this way: `{{Blockquote
|text=
A param... | 545 | Parameter | 4 |
25,087 | # Pecorino romano
***Pecorino romano*** (`{{IPA|it|pekoˈriːno roˈmaːno|lang}}`{=mediawiki}; `{{literally|Roman pecorino}}`{=mediawiki}) is a hard, salty Italian cheese made from sheep milk, often used for grating over pasta or other dishes. The name *pecorino* means \'ovine\' or \'of sheep\' in Italian; the name of th... | 533 | Pecorino romano | 0 |
25,098 | # Phase velocity
The **phase velocity** of a wave is the rate at which the wave propagates in any medium. This is the velocity at which the phase of any one frequency component of the wave travels. For such a component, any given phase of the wave (for example, the crest) will appear to travel at the phase velocity. T... | 738 | Phase velocity | 0 |
25,100 | # Pitot tube
A **pitot tube** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|iː|t|oʊ}}`{=mediawiki} `{{respell|PEE|toh}}`{=mediawiki}; also **pitot probe**) measures fluid flow velocity. It was invented by French engineer Henri Pitot during his work with aqueducts and published in 1732, and modified to its modern form in 1858 by Henry Darcy. It is ... | 904 | Pitot tube | 0 |
25,103 | # Patricia Soltysik
**Patricia Monique Soltysik** (May 17, 1950 -- May 17, 1974) was an American woman who was best known as a co-founder and activist in the Symbionese Liberation Army, a far-left militant group based in Berkeley and Oakland, California. She participated in the group\'s violent activities, including a... | 303 | Patricia Soltysik | 0 |
25,103 | # Patricia Soltysik
## Founding of SLA {#founding_of_sla}
On March 5, 1973, Donald DeFreeze escaped from Soledad prison. He sought refuge in Oakland with white friends from the Black Cultural Association (BCA), whom he had met earlier while incarcerated at Vacaville Prison. Russ Little and Willie Wolfe took him to So... | 604 | Patricia Soltysik | 1 |
25,114 | # Posada, Sardinia
**Posada** (*Pheronia*, *Pasada*), also previously known as *Feronia* or *Pausata*, is a *comune* (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in the Italian region Sardinia. The city sits on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,394 and an area of 33.52 km2.
... | 296 | Posada, Sardinia | 0 |
25,117 | # Puget Sound Naval Shipyard
**Puget Sound Naval Shipyard**, officially **Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and Intermediate Maintenance Facility** (**PSNS & IMF**), is a United States Navy shipyard covering 179 acres (0.7 km^2^) on Puget Sound at Bremerton, Washington in uninterrupted use since its establishment in 1891; it... | 486 | Puget Sound Naval Shipyard | 0 |
25,117 | # Puget Sound Naval Shipyard
## Operations
### Shipbuilding
- Heavy cruisers
- 1 of 6 `{{sclass|Northampton|cruiser|0}}`{=mediawiki} (built July 1928 - September 1930)
-
- 1 of 7 `{{sclass|New Orleans|cruiser|0}}`{=mediawiki} (September 1930 - December 1933)
-
- Destroyers
-... | 545 | Puget Sound Naval Shipyard | 1 |
25,119 | # Poeciliidae
**Poeciliidae** are a family of freshwater ray-finned fishes of the order Cyprinodontiformes, the tooth-carps, and include well-known live-bearing aquarium fish, such as the guppy, molly, platy, and swordtail. The original distribution of the family was the Southeastern United States to north of Río de l... | 712 | Poeciliidae | 0 |
25,122 | # PowerBook
The **PowerBook** (known as **Macintosh PowerBook** before 1997) is a family of Macintosh-type laptop computers designed, manufactured and sold by Apple Computer from 1991 to 2006. It was targeted at the professional market; in 1999, the line was supplemented by the home and education-focused iBook family.... | 836 | PowerBook | 0 |
25,122 | # PowerBook
## 680x0-based models {#x0_based_models}
### PowerBook 500 series {#powerbook_500_series}
1994 saw the introduction of the Motorola 68LC040-based PowerBook 500 series, code-named Blackbird. These models of PowerBooks were much sleeker and faster than the 100 series, which they replaced as the mid and high... | 322 | PowerBook | 1 |
25,122 | # PowerBook
## PowerPC-based models {#powerpc_based_models}
The PowerBook 5300, while highly anticipated as one of the first PowerPC-based PowerBooks (along with the PowerBook Duo 2300c, both released on the same day), had numerous problems. In its 5300ce incarnation with a TFT of 800×600 pixels, Apple offered a 117 ... | 561 | PowerBook | 2 |
25,122 | # PowerBook
## PowerPC-based models {#powerpc_based_models}
### PowerBook G4 {#powerbook_g4}
Interim CEO Steve Jobs turned his eye to the redesign of the PowerBook series in 2000. The result, introduced in January 2001, was a completely re-designed New World PowerBook with a titanium skin and a 15.2-inch wide-aspect ... | 865 | PowerBook | 3 |
25,122 | # PowerBook
## Discontinuation
At the 2006 Macworld Conference & Expo, the MacBook Pro was introduced. The new notebooks, however, only came in 15.4-inch models and the 12-inch and 17-inch PowerBooks remained available for sale at Apple stores and retailers, as well as the 15-inch model, which was sold until supplies... | 221 | PowerBook | 4 |
25,125 | # Prayer wheel
thumb\|upright=0.9\|Prayer wheels in Mussoorie, India thumb\|upright=0.9\|Prayer wheels at the Datsan Gunzechoinei Buddhist temple in St. Petersburg, Russia thumb\|upright=0.9\|Pilgrim with prayer wheel, Tsurphu Monastery, 1993
A **prayer wheel**, or **mani wheel**, is a cylindrical wheel (`{{bo|t=འཁོར... | 265 | Prayer wheel | 0 |
25,125 | # Prayer wheel
## Origins and history {#origins_and_history}
thumb\|upright=0.9\|A little boy rolling the prayer wheels at Swayambhunath, Nepal The first prayer wheels, which are driven by wind, have been used in Tibet and China since the fourth century. The concept of the prayer wheel is a physical manifestation of ... | 366 | Prayer wheel | 1 |
25,125 | # Prayer wheel
## Practice
thumb\|upright=0.9\|Prayer wheels at Nechung Chok, Lhasa
According to the lineage texts on prayer wheels, prayer wheels are used to accumulate wisdom and merit (good karma) and to purify negativities (bad karma). In Buddhism, Buddhas and Bodhisattvas have created a variety of skillful mean... | 530 | Prayer wheel | 2 |
25,125 | # Prayer wheel
## Types
### Human-powered {#human_powered}
#### Handheld wheels {#handheld_wheels}
thumb\|upright=0.9\|An elderly Tibetan woman with a prayer wheel The handheld prayer wheel (`{{Transliteration|bo|mani lag 'khor}}`{=mediawiki}) has a cylindrical, generally sheet-metal body (often beautifully embosse... | 541 | Prayer wheel | 3 |
25,133 | # Porto Ottiolu
**Porto Ottiolu** is a private marina and a tourist destination located in the comune of Budoni, Province of Sassari, Sardinia, Italy, on Tyrrhenian Sea, about 35 km south of Olbia.
## Overview
It was built in 1988 in the place in where was once the ancient Roman port of *Portiolum,* and after its im... | 109 | Porto Ottiolu | 0 |
25,135 | # Padstow
**Padstow** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|æ|d|s|t|oʊ}}`{=mediawiki}; *Lannwedhenek*) is a town, civil parish and fishing port on the north coast of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The town is situated on the west bank of the River Camel estuary, approximately 5 mi northwest of Wadebridge, 10 mi northwest of Bodmin and ... | 794 | Padstow | 0 |
25,135 | # Padstow
## Economy
Traditionally a fishing port, Padstow is now a popular tourist destination. Although some of its former fishing fleet remains, it is mainly a yachting haven on a dramatic coastline with few easily navigable harbours. The influence of restaurateur Rick Stein can be seen in the port, and tourists t... | 850 | Padstow | 1 |
25,135 | # Padstow
## Transport
### Footpaths
The South West Coast Path runs on both sides of the River Camel estuary and crosses from Padstow to Rock via the Black Tor ferry. The path gives walking access to the coast with Stepper Point and Trevose Head within an easy day\'s walk of Padstow.
The Saints\' Way long-distance f... | 131 | Padstow | 2 |
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