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25,737 | # RuneQuest
***RuneQuest*** (commonly abbreviated as **RQ**)`{{better source needed|date=October 2024}}`{=mediawiki} is a fantasy tabletop role-playing game originally designed by Steve Perrin, Ray Turney, Steve Henderson, and Warren James, and set in Greg Stafford\'s mythical world of Glorantha. It was first publishe... | 1,019 | RuneQuest | 0 |
25,737 | # RuneQuest
## System
*RuneQuest* has developed in many different ways over its 40-year history. This section focuses on the current edition *RuneQuest Glorantha* (RQG).
### Character creation {#character_creation}
As with most RPGs, players begin by making an adventurer. Starting by creating a family history, adve... | 702 | RuneQuest | 1 |
25,737 | # RuneQuest
## Setting
The setting included for the current, and all but one of the previous editions has been the world of Glorantha. The well-developed background of the setting offers a breadth of material for players and game masters to draw from. At a time when many RPG settings were cobbled together, *RuneQuest... | 302 | RuneQuest | 2 |
25,737 | # RuneQuest
## Reception
In the September--October 1978 edition of *The Space Gamer* (Issue No. 19), Dana Holm commented that \"Since this game contains a logical system, almost anything can be added to the matrix it presents. A gem of a game. You won\'t be disappointed.\"
In the February--March 1979 edition of *Whi... | 1,410 | RuneQuest | 3 |
25,737 | # RuneQuest
## Legacy
Chaosium reused the rules system developed in *RuneQuest* to form the basis of several other games. In 1980 the core of the *RuneQuest* system was published in a simplified form edited by Greg Stafford and Lynn Willis as *Basic Role-Playing (BRP)*. *BRP* is a generic role-playing game system, de... | 277 | RuneQuest | 4 |
25,739 | # Rich Text Format
The **Rich Text Format** (often abbreviated **RTF**) is a proprietary document file format with published specification developed by Microsoft Corporation from 1987 until 2008 for cross-platform document interchange with Microsoft products. Prior to 2008, Microsoft published updated specifications f... | 863 | Rich Text Format | 0 |
25,739 | # Rich Text Format
## Character encoding {#character_encoding}
A standard RTF file can only consist of 7-bit ASCII characters, but can use escape sequences to encode other characters. The two character escapes are code page escapes and, starting with RTF 1.5, Unicode escapes. In a code page escape, two hexadecimal di... | 758 | Rich Text Format | 1 |
25,739 | # Rich Text Format
## Common uses and interoperability {#common_uses_and_interoperability}
Most word processing software support either RTF format importing and exporting for some RTF specification or direct editing, which makes it a \"common\" format between otherwise incompatible word processing software and operat... | 859 | Rich Text Format | 2 |
25,739 | # Rich Text Format
## Common uses and interoperability {#common_uses_and_interoperability}
### Security concerns {#security_concerns}
Unlike Microsoft Word\'s DOC format, as well as the newer Office Open XML and OpenDocument formats, RTF does not support macros. For this reason, RTF was often recommended over those f... | 189 | Rich Text Format | 3 |
25,739 | # Rich Text Format
## Implementations
Each RTF implementation usually implements only some versions or subsets of the RTF specification. Many of the available RTF converters cannot understand all new features in the latest RTF specifications.
The WordPad editor in Microsoft Windows creates RTF files by default. It o... | 583 | Rich Text Format | 4 |
25,750 | # Routing
**Routing** is the process of selecting a path for traffic in a network or between or across multiple networks. Broadly, routing is performed in many types of networks, including circuit-switched networks, such as the public switched telephone network (PSTN), and computer networks, such as the Internet.
In ... | 286 | Routing | 0 |
25,750 | # Routing
## Topology distribution {#topology_distribution}
With static routing, small networks may use manually configured routing tables. Larger networks have complex topologies that can change rapidly, making the manual construction of routing tables unfeasible. Nevertheless, most of the public switched telephone ... | 889 | Routing | 1 |
25,750 | # Routing
## Path selection {#path_selection}
Path selection involves applying a routing metric to multiple routes to select (or predict) the best route. Most routing algorithms use only one network path at a time. Multipath routing and specifically equal-cost multi-path routing techniques enable the use of multiple ... | 774 | Routing | 2 |
25,750 | # Routing
## Multiple agents {#multiple_agents}
In some networks, routing is complicated by the fact that no single entity is responsible for selecting paths; instead, multiple entities are involved in selecting paths or even parts of a single path. Complications or inefficiency can result if these entities choose pa... | 670 | Routing | 3 |
25,750 | # Routing
## Centralized routing {#centralized_routing}
In networks where a logically centralized control is available over the forwarding state, for example, using software-defined networking, routing techniques can be used that aim to optimize global and network-wide performance metrics. This has been used by large... | 140 | Routing | 4 |
25,754 | # Resistor
thumb\|upright=1.2\|right\|Various resistor types of different shapes and sizes
A **resistor** is a passive two-terminal electronic component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltag... | 354 | Resistor | 0 |
25,754 | # Resistor
## Theory of operation {#theory_of_operation}
thumb\|upright=1.8\|right\|The hydraulic analogy compares electric current flowing through circuits to water flowing through pipes. When a pipe (left) is clogged with hair (right), it takes a larger pressure to achieve the same flow of water. Pushing electric c... | 375 | Resistor | 1 |
25,754 | # Resistor
## Theory of operation {#theory_of_operation}
### Power dissipation {#power_dissipation}
At any instant, the power *P* (watts) consumed by a resistor of resistance *R* (ohms) is calculated as: $P = I V = I^2 R = \frac{V^2}{R}$ where *V* (volts) is the voltage across the resistor and *I* (amps) is the curr... | 612 | Resistor | 2 |
25,754 | # Resistor
## Fixed resistors {#fixed_resistors}
### Lead arrangements {#lead_arrangements}
Through-hole components typically have \"leads\" (pronounced `{{IPAc-en|l|iː|d|z}}`{=mediawiki}) leaving the body \"axially\", that is, on a line parallel with the part\'s longest axis. Others have leads coming off their body... | 697 | Resistor | 3 |
25,754 | # Resistor
## Fixed resistors {#fixed_resistors}
### Thick and thin film {#thick_and_thin_film}
Thick film resistors became popular during the 1970s, and most SMD (surface mount device) resistors today are of this type. The resistive element of thick films is 1000 times thicker than thin films, but the principal diff... | 1,193 | Resistor | 4 |
25,754 | # Resistor
## Fixed resistors {#fixed_resistors}
### Ammeter shunts {#ammeter_shunts}
An ammeter shunt is a special type of current-sensing resistor, having four terminals and a value in milliohms or even micro-ohms. Current-measuring instruments, by themselves, can usually accept only limited currents. To measure hi... | 312 | Resistor | 5 |
25,754 | # Resistor
## Variable resistors {#variable_resistors}
### Adjustable resistors {#adjustable_resistors}
A resistor may have one or more fixed tapping points so that the resistance can be changed by moving the connecting wires to different terminals. Some wirewound power resistors have a tapping point that can slide ... | 708 | Resistor | 6 |
25,754 | # Resistor
## Measurement
The value of a resistor can be measured with an ohmmeter, which may be one function of a multimeter. Usually, probes on the ends of test leads connect to the resistor. A simple ohmmeter may apply a voltage from a battery across the unknown resistor (with an internal resistor of a known value... | 300 | Resistor | 7 |
25,754 | # Resistor
## Standards
### Production resistors {#production_resistors}
Resistor characteristics are quantified and reported using various national standards. In the US, MIL-STD-202 contains the relevant test methods to which other standards refer.
There are various standards specifying properties of resistors for... | 318 | Resistor | 8 |
25,754 | # Resistor
## Resistor marking {#resistor_marking}
Axial resistor cases are usually tan, brown, blue, or green (though other colors are occasionally found as well, such as dark red or dark gray), and display three to six colored stripes that indicate resistance (and by extension tolerance), and may include bands to i... | 965 | Resistor | 9 |
25,754 | # Resistor
## Resistor marking {#resistor_marking}
### Precision resistor markings {#precision_resistor_markings}
Many precision resistors, including surface mount and axial-lead types, are marked with a four-digit code. The first three digits are the significant figures and the fourth is the power of ten. For exampl... | 883 | Resistor | 10 |
25,754 | # Resistor
## Common usage patterns {#common_usage_patterns}
There are several common usage patterns that resistors are commonly configured in.
### Current limiting {#current_limiting}
Resistors are commonly used to limit the amount of current flowing through a circuit. Many circuit components (such as LEDs) requir... | 366 | Resistor | 11 |
25,754 | # Resistor
## Electrical and thermal noise {#electrical_and_thermal_noise}
In amplifying faint signals, it is often necessary to minimize electronic noise, particularly in the first stage of amplification. As a dissipative element, even an ideal resistor naturally produces a randomly fluctuating voltage, or noise, ac... | 455 | Resistor | 12 |
25,754 | # Resistor
## Failure modes {#failure_modes}
The failure rate of resistors in a properly designed circuit is low compared to other electronic components such as semiconductors and electrolytic capacitors. Damage to resistors most often occurs due to overheating when the average power delivered to it greatly exceeds i... | 550 | Resistor | 13 |
25,756 | # Repetitive strain injury
A **repetitive strain injury** (**RSI**) is an injury to part of the musculoskeletal or nervous system caused by repetitive use, vibrations, compression or long periods in a fixed position. Other common names include **repetitive stress injury**, **repetitive stress disorders**, **cumulative... | 648 | Repetitive strain injury | 0 |
25,756 | # Repetitive strain injury
## Treatment
There are no quick fixes for repetitive strain injuries. Early diagnosis is critical to limiting damage. For upper limb RSIs, occupational therapists can create interventions that include teaching the correct approaches to functional task movements in order to minimize the risk... | 365 | Repetitive strain injury | 1 |
25,757 | # Robertson Davies
**William Robertson Davies** `{{post-nominals|country=CAN|CC|OOnt|FRSL|FRSC}}`{=mediawiki} (28 August 1913 -- 2 December 1995) was a Canadian novelist, playwright, critic, journalist, and professor. He was one of Canada\'s best known and most popular authors and one of its most distinguished \"men o... | 445 | Robertson Davies | 0 |
25,757 | # Robertson Davies
## Biography
### Middle years {#middle_years}
Davies and his new bride returned to Canada in 1940, where he took the position of literary editor at *Saturday Night* magazine. Two years later, he became editor of the *Peterborough Examiner* in the small city of Peterborough, Ontario, northeast of To... | 1,015 | Robertson Davies | 1 |
25,757 | # Robertson Davies
## Awards and recognition {#awards_and_recognition}
- Won the Dominion Drama Festival Award for best Canadian play in 1948 for *Eros at Breakfast*.
- Won the Stephen Leacock Award for Humour in 1955 for *Leaven of Malice*.
- Won the Lorne Pierce Medal for his literary achievements in 1961.
- ... | 572 | Robertson Davies | 2 |
25,795 | # Robert Freitas
**Robert A. Freitas Jr.** (born 1952) is an American nanotechnologist.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Freitas was born in Camden, Maine. His father worked in agriculture, and his mother was a homemaker. Freitas married Nancy, his childhood sweetheart, in 1974.
In 1974, Frei... | 261 | Robert Freitas | 0 |
25,801 | # Round (music)
A **round** (also called a **perpetual canon** \[*canon perpetuus*\], **round about** or **infinite canon**) is a musical composition, a limited type of canon, in which multiple voices sing exactly the same melody, but with each voice beginning at different times so that different parts of the melody c... | 477 | Round (music) | 0 |
25,801 | # Round (music)
## Mechanics
thumb\|upright=2.0\|\"Row, Row, Row Your Boat\"`{{audio|Row Your Boat round.mid|Play round}}`{=mediawiki} Rounds work because after the melody is divided into equal-sized blocks of a few measures each, corresponding notes in each block either are the same, or are different notes in the sa... | 627 | Round (music) | 1 |
25,814 | # Richard Smalley
**Richard Errett Smalley** (June 6, 1943 -- October 28, 2005) was an American chemist who was the Gene and Norman Hackerman Professor of Chemistry, Physics, and Astronomy at Rice University. In 1996, along with Robert Curl, also a professor of chemistry at Rice, and Harold Kroto, a professor at the U... | 357 | Richard Smalley | 0 |
25,814 | # Richard Smalley
## Career
In 1976, Smalley joined Rice University. In 1982, he was appointed to the Gene and Norman Hackerman Chair in Chemistry at Rice. He helped to found the Rice Quantum Institute in 1979, serving as chairman from 1986 to 1996. In 1990, he became also a professor in the department of physics. In... | 823 | Richard Smalley | 1 |
25,814 | # Richard Smalley
## Advocacy
Starting in the late 1990s, Smalley advocated for the need for cheap, clean energy, which he described as the number one problem facing humanity in the 21st century. He described what he called \"The Terawatt Challenge\", the need to develop a new power source capable of increasing \"our... | 321 | Richard Smalley | 2 |
25,814 | # Richard Smalley
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Smalley was married four times, to Judith Grace Sampieri (1968--1978), Mary L. Chapieski (1980--1994), JoNell M. Chauvin (1997--1998) and Deborah Sheffield (2005), and had two sons, Chad Richard Smalley (born June 8, 1969) and Preston Reed Smalley (born August 8, 19... | 612 | Richard Smalley | 3 |
25,815 | # Robert Curl
**Robert Floyd Curl Jr.** (August 23, 1933 -- July 3, 2022) was an American chemist who was Pitzer--Schlumberger Professor of Natural Sciences and professor of chemistry at Rice University. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1996 for the discovery of the nanomaterial buckminsterfullerene, and... | 409 | Robert Curl | 0 |
25,815 | # Robert Curl
## Nobel Prize {#nobel_prize}
Curl\'s research at Rice involved the fields of infrared and microwave spectroscopy. Curl\'s research inspired Richard Smalley to come to Rice in 1976 with the intention of collaborating with Curl. In 1985, Curl was contacted by Harold Kroto, who wanted to use a laser beam ... | 639 | Robert Curl | 1 |
25,815 | # Robert Curl
## Awards and honors {#awards_and_honors}
- Clayton Prize, Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 1957
- Alexander von Humboldt Senior US Scientist Award, University of Bonn, Germany, 1984
- Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, 1997
- Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement,... | 223 | Robert Curl | 2 |
25,824 | # Religion and mythology
Religion and mythology differ in scope but have overlapping aspects. Both are systems of concepts that are of high importance to a certain community, making statements concerning the supernatural or sacred. Generally, mythology is considered one component or aspect of religion. Religion is the... | 793 | Religion and mythology | 0 |
25,824 | # Religion and mythology
## Introduction
### Mythology
The term *mythology* usually refers either to a system of myths or to the study of myths. However, the word \"myth\" itself has multiple (and some contradictory) definitions:
- 2007: According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, \"Myth: \"1 a: a usually traditi... | 430 | Religion and mythology | 1 |
25,824 | # Religion and mythology
## Contrasts between different religious mythologies {#contrasts_between_different_religious_mythologies}
Though there are similarities among most religious mythologies, there are also contrasts. Many mythologies focus on explanations of the universe, natural phenomena, or other themes of hum... | 526 | Religion and mythology | 2 |
25,824 | # Religion and mythology
## Religious views {#religious_views}
Most religions contain a body of traditional sacred stories that are believed to express profound truth. Some religious organizations and practitioners believe that some or all of their traditional stories are not only sacred and \"true\" but also histori... | 390 | Religion and mythology | 3 |
25,824 | # Religion and mythology
## Religious views {#religious_views}
### Non-opposition to categorizing sacred stories as myths {#non_opposition_to_categorizing_sacred_stories_as_myths}
Modern day clergy and practitioners within some religious movements have no problem classifying the religion\'s sacred stories as \"myths\... | 766 | Religion and mythology | 4 |
25,835 | # Rn (newsreader)
***rn*** (short for *Read News*) is a Usenet newsreader written by Larry Wall and originally released in 1984. It was one of the first newsreaders to take full advantage of a character-addressable CRT terminal (`vnews` by Kenneth Almquist was first). Previous newsreaders, such as *readnews*, were mos... | 387 | Rn (newsreader) | 0 |
25,835 | # Rn (newsreader)
## History
Like all of the original newsreaders and the Usenet software itself, *rn* was designed for the environment of a large time-shared minicomputer, which users connected to using terminals wired directly to the machine, and where the only networks available were accessed by slow and expensive... | 409 | Rn (newsreader) | 1 |
25,837 | # Rolf Ekéus
**Carl Rolf Ekéus** (born 7 July 1935) is a Swedish diplomat. Ekéus had a long career in diplomacy and international security. He began as a district court clerk before joining the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs in 1962, with postings in Bonn, Nairobi, and The Hague. He played a key role in Sweden's... | 778 | Rolf Ekéus | 0 |
25,837 | # Rolf Ekéus
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Ekéus married in 1970 to Kerstin Oldfelt (born 1938), the daughter of Professor Carl Olof Oldfelt and Vera (née Svenonius) | 27 | Rolf Ekéus | 1 |
25,848 | # Rungholt
**Rungholt** was a low-lying settlement in North Frisia, in what was then the Danish Duchy of Schleswig. The area today lies in Germany. Rungholt was flooded, with massive erosion, when a storm tide (known as *Grote Mandrenke* or *Den Store Manddrukning*) hit the coast on 15 or 16 January 1362.
## Location... | 347 | Rungholt | 0 |
25,848 | # Rungholt
## Legends and later reception {#legends_and_later_reception}
Sometimes referred to as the \"Atlantis of the North Sea\", the Rungholt of legend was a large, rich town, with the catastrophe supposedly a divine punishment for the sins of its inhabitants.
Impressed by the fate of the town, the relics, and n... | 299 | Rungholt | 1 |
25,849 | # Ralph Merkle
`{{Use American English|date=October 2023}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Infobox scientist
| name = Ralph Merkle
| image = Ralph Merkle.png
| caption = Merkle in 2007
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1952|2|2|mf=y}}
| birth_place = Berk... | 704 | Ralph Merkle | 0 |
25,849 | # Ralph Merkle
## Awards
- 1996 Paris Kanellakis Award (from the ACM) for the Invention of Public Key Cryptography.
- 1998 Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology for computational modeling of molecular tools for atomically-precise chemical reactions
- 1999 IEEE Koji Kobayashi Computers and Communications Award
- 200... | 107 | Ralph Merkle | 1 |
25,852 | # Rice's theorem
In computability theory, **Rice\'s theorem** states that all non-trivial semantic properties of programs are undecidable. A *semantic* property is one about the program\'s behavior (for instance, \"does the program terminate for all inputs?\"), unlike a syntactic property (for instance, \"does the pro... | 616 | Rice's theorem | 0 |
25,852 | # Rice's theorem
## Examples
Given a program *P* which takes a natural number *n* and returns a natural number *P*(*n*), the following questions are undecidable:
- Does *P* terminate on a given *n*? (This is the halting problem.)
- Does *P* terminate on 0?
- Does *P* terminate on *all* *n* (i.e., is *P* total)... | 593 | Rice's theorem | 1 |
25,852 | # Rice's theorem
## Proof by reduction from the halting problem {#proof_by_reduction_from_the_halting_problem}
### Formal proof {#formal_proof}
For the formal proof, algorithms are presumed to define partial functions over strings and are themselves represented by strings. The partial function computed by the algorit... | 364 | Rice's theorem | 2 |
25,853 | # Recusancy
**Recusancy** (from *translation=to refuse*) was the state of those who remained loyal to the Catholic Church and refused to attend Church of England services after the English Reformation.
The 1558 Recusancy Acts passed in the reign of Elizabeth I, and temporarily repealed in the Interregnum (1649--1660)... | 604 | Recusancy | 0 |
25,853 | # Recusancy
## Prominent historical Catholics in the United Kingdom {#prominent_historical_catholics_in_the_united_kingdom}
### Recusant families {#recusant_families}
There were dozens of recusant families, some no longer extant. For example, the Howard family, some of whose members are known as Fitzalan-Howard, the... | 682 | Recusancy | 1 |
25,853 | # Recusancy
## Other countries {#other_countries}
The term \"recusancy\" is primarily applied to English, Scottish, and Welsh Catholics, but there were other instances in Europe. The vast majority of native Irish, while subjects of the British Crown, rejected both the reformed Church of Ireland and the dissenting chu... | 184 | Recusancy | 2 |
25,855 | # Regular grammar
In theoretical computer science and formal language theory, a **regular grammar** is a grammar that is *right-regular* or *left-regular*. While their exact definition varies from textbook to textbook, they all require that
- all production rules have at most one non-terminal symbol;
- that symbo... | 405 | Regular grammar | 0 |
25,855 | # Regular grammar
## Examples
An example of a right-regular grammar *G* with *N* = {S, A}, Σ = {a, b, c}, *P* consists of the following rules
: S → aS
: S → bA
: A → ε
: A → cA
and S is the start symbol. This grammar describes the same language as the regular expression a\*bc\*, viz. the set of all strings ... | 745 | Regular grammar | 1 |
25,877 | # Anastasius II (emperor)
Anastasius II}} `{{Essay-like|date=December 2022}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Infobox royalty
|name = Anastasius II
|image = Anastasius II sb1464 (obverse).jpg
|caption = [[solidus (coin)|Solidus]] of Anastasius II. The inscription reads {{Smallcaps|{{Abbreviation|d n|DOMINU... | 319 | Anastasius II (emperor) | 0 |
25,877 | # Anastasius II (emperor)
## Biography
Anastasius, originally named Artemios (*Ἀρτέμιος*; male form of Artemis) held prominent positions as a bureaucrat and Imperial secretary (*asekretis*) under preceding emperors. His tenure coincided with a period of turmoil and instability in the Byzantine Empire known as The Twe... | 828 | Anastasius II (emperor) | 1 |
25,877 | # Anastasius II (emperor)
## Biography
### Rebellion
Theodosius, the reigning emperor, was later deposed by Leo III, who had previously served under Anastasius. Leo would face two successive crises during his rule. The first crisis occurred when the Umayyad Caliphate besieged Constantinople, causing confusion about w... | 438 | Anastasius II (emperor) | 2 |
25,877 | # Anastasius II (emperor)
## Biography
### Historiography
Anastasius II received historical attention several decades after his death through the works of Theophanes the Confessor and Patriarch Nikephoros. These scholars, known for their extensive coverage of Byzantine history, incorporated Anastasius II into their w... | 266 | Anastasius II (emperor) | 3 |
25,878 | # Roman Missal
The **Roman Missal** (*Missale Romanum*) is the book which contains the texts and rubrics for the celebration of the Roman Rite, the most common liturgy and Mass of the Catholic Church. There have been several editions.
## History
### Before the Council of Trent (1570) {#before_the_council_of_trent_15... | 444 | Roman Missal | 0 |
25,878 | # Roman Missal
## History
### From 1570 to the 1960s {#from_1570_to_the_1960s}
Implementing the decision of the Council of Trent, Pope Pius V promulgated, in the Apostolic Constitution *Quo primum* of 14 July 1570, an edition of the Roman Missal that was mandated for obligatory use throughout the Latin Church except ... | 851 | Roman Missal | 1 |
25,878 | # Roman Missal
## History
### Revision following the Second Vatican Council {#revision_following_the_second_vatican_council}
The instruction [*Inter Oecumenici*](https://adoremus.org/1964/09/inter-oecumenici/) of 26 September 1964, that took effect on 7 March 1965, initiated the application to the Mass of the decisio... | 782 | Roman Missal | 2 |
25,878 | # Roman Missal
## History
### Editions after the Second Vatican Council {#editions_after_the_second_vatican_council}
In 1970, the first typical edition of the Roman Missal (in Latin) bearing the title *Missale Romanum ex decreto Sacrosancti Oecumenici Concilii Vaticani II instauratum* was published, after being forma... | 722 | Roman Missal | 3 |
25,878 | # Roman Missal
## History
### Continued use of earlier editions {#continued_use_of_earlier_editions}
Following the promulgation of the Missal of Paul VI in 1969-70, it was generally assumed that the 1962 edition had been abrogated, however some refused to adopt the new missal, most notably the Society of Saint Pius X... | 613 | Roman Missal | 4 |
25,878 | # Roman Missal
## Official English translations {#official_english_translations}
The International Commission on English in the Liturgy (ICEL) prepared an English translation of the 1970 Roman Missal, which was approved by the individual English-speaking episcopal conferences and, after being reviewed by the Holy See... | 1,152 | Roman Missal | 5 |
25,878 | # Roman Missal
## Pope Francis\' approach {#pope_francis_approach}
On 9 September 2017 Pope Francis issued the motu proprio *Magnum principium* (\"The Great Principle\") which allowed local bishops\' conferences more authority over translation of liturgical documents. The motu proprio \"grants the episcopal conferenc... | 97 | Roman Missal | 6 |
25,886 | # Rán
In Norse mythology, **Rán** (Old Norse: `{{IPA|non|ˈrɒːn|}}`{=mediawiki}) is a goddess and a personification of the sea. Rán and her husband Ægir, a jötunn who also personifies the sea, have nine daughters, who personify waves. The goddess is frequently associated with a net, which she uses to capture sea-goers.... | 518 | Rán | 0 |
25,886 | # Rán
## Attestations
### *Poetic Edda* {#poetic_edda}
Rán receives three mentions in the *Poetic Edda*; twice in poetry and once in prose. The first mention occurs in a stanza in *Helgakviða Hundingsbana I*, when the valkyrie Sigrún assists the ship of the hero Helgi Hundingsbane as it encounters ferocious waters:
... | 402 | Rán | 1 |
25,886 | # Rán
## Attestations
### *Prose Edda* {#prose_edda}
The *Prose Edda* sections *Skáldskaparmál* and *Háttatal* contain several references to Rán. Section 25 of *Skáldskaparmál* (\"How shall sea be referred to?\") lists ways in which poets may refer to the sea, including \"husband of Ran\" and \"land of Ran and of Ægi... | 414 | Rán | 2 |
25,886 | # Rán
## Attestations
### *Völsunga saga* and *Friðþjófs saga hins frœkna* {#völsunga_saga_and_friðþjófs_saga_hins_frœkna}
Rán receives a single mention in *Völsunga saga*. Like in the prose introduction to the eddic poem *Reginsmál* (discussed above), \"they sent Loki to obtain the gold. He went to Ran and got her n... | 427 | Rán | 3 |
25,916 | # Romantic music
`{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}`{=mediawiki} `{{History of Western art music}}`{=mediawiki}
**Romantic music** is a stylistic movement in Western Classical music associated with the period of the 19th century commonly referred to as the Romantic era (or Romantic period). It is closely related to the... | 375 | Romantic music | 0 |
25,916 | # Romantic music
## Traits
The classical period often used short, even fragmentary, thematic material while the Romantic period tended to make greater use of longer, more fully defined and more emotionally evocative themes.
Characteristics often attributed to Romanticism:
- a new preoccupation with and surrender ... | 291 | Romantic music | 1 |
25,916 | # Romantic music
## Trends of the 19th century {#trends_of_the_19th_century}
### Non-musical influences {#non_musical_influences}
Events and changes in society such as ideas, attitudes, discoveries, inventions, and historical events often affect music. For example, the Industrial Revolution was in full effect by the... | 459 | Romantic music | 2 |
25,916 | # Romantic music
## History
### Early Romantic {#early_romantic}
The transition of Viennese classicism to Romanticism can be found in the work of Ludwig van Beethoven. Many typically romantic elements are encountered for the first time in his works. These works stand here in contrast to vocal music and are \"purely\... | 364 | Romantic music | 3 |
25,916 | # Romantic music
## History
### High Romantic {#high_romantic}
thumb\|right\|upright=0.8\|Richard Wagner in Paris, 1861\|alt=A photograph of the upper half of a man of about fifty viewed from his front right. He wears a cravat and frock coat. He has long sideburns and his dark hair is receding at the temples. The hig... | 837 | Romantic music | 4 |
25,916 | # Romantic music
## History
### Late Romantic {#late_romantic}
In late Romanticism, also called post-Romanticism, the traditional forms and elements of music are further dissolved. An increasingly colorful orchestral palette, an ever-increasing range of musical means, the spread of tonality to its limits, exaggerated... | 983 | Romantic music | 5 |
25,916 | # Romantic music
## Schools
### New German School {#new_german_school}
The New German School was a loose collection of composers and critics informally led by Franz Liszt and Richard Wagner who strove for pushing the limits of chromatic harmony and program music as opposed to absolute music which they believed had r... | 367 | Romantic music | 6 |
25,916 | # Romantic music
## Transition to Modernism {#transition_to_modernism}
During the later half of the 19th Century, some prominent composers began exploring the limits of the traditional tonal system. Important examples include Tristan und Isolde by Richard Wagner and Bagatelle sans tonalité by Franz Liszt. This limit ... | 621 | Romantic music | 7 |
25,916 | # Romantic music
## Genres
### Opera
#### France
During the 19th century, romanticism took a hold of opera and it was Paris that became one of its main centers. Most romantic operas were composed by composers living in France, such as Luigi Cherubini, Gaspare Spontini, François-Adrien Boieldieu, and Daniel-François-... | 658 | Romantic music | 8 |
25,929 | # Regiomontanus
**Johannes Müller von Königsberg** (6 June 1436 -- 6 July 1476), better known as **Regiomontanus** (`{{IPAc-en|ˌ|r|iː|dʒ|i|oʊ|m|ɒ|n|ˈ|t|eɪ|n|ə|s}}`{=mediawiki}), was a mathematician, astrologer and astronomer of the German Renaissance, active in Vienna, Buda and Nuremberg. His contributions were instru... | 1,049 | Regiomontanus | 0 |
25,929 | # Regiomontanus
## Publications
-
-
## Legacy
Simon Stevin, in his book describing decimal representation of fractions (De Thiende), cites the trigonometric tables of Regiomontanus as suggestive of positional notation.
Regiomontanus designed his own astrological house system, which became one of the most pop... | 150 | Regiomontanus | 1 |
25,946 | # Renzo Piano
**Renzo Piano** `{{post-nominals|post-noms=[[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic|OMRI]]}}`{=mediawiki} (`{{IPA|it|ˈrɛntso ˈpjaːno|lang}}`{=mediawiki}; born 14 September 1937) is an Italian architect. His notable works include the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris (with Richard Rogers, 1977), The Shard ... | 468 | Renzo Piano | 0 |
25,946 | # Renzo Piano
## The Centre Pompidou and early projects 1973--1977 {#the_centre_pompidou_and_early_projects_19731977}
Le centre Georges Pompidou a 40 ans (Paris) (32113866984).jpg\|Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris (1971--1977) MenilCollection.jpg\|The Menil Collection in Houston, Texas (1982--1987) Houston Menil Coll... | 520 | Renzo Piano | 1 |
25,946 | # Renzo Piano
## The Centre Pompidou and early projects 1973--1977 {#the_centre_pompidou_and_early_projects_19731977}
### Old Port of Genoa (1985--2001) and Lingotto Factory in Turin (1983--2003) {#old_port_of_genoa_19852001_and_lingotto_factory_in_turin_19832003}
In the mid-1980s Piano and his firm took on a wide va... | 504 | Renzo Piano | 2 |
25,946 | # Renzo Piano
## Projects completed 1991--2000 {#projects_completed_19912000}
<File:Finnair> MD-11 (OH-LGF) taxiing at Kansai International Airport.jpg\|Kansai International Airport, Osaka, Japan (1991--1994) <File:Kansai> International Airport03s3s4410.jpg\|Kansai Airport interior (1991--1994) <File:Nemo.jpg>\|Nemo ... | 1,129 | Renzo Piano | 3 |
25,946 | # Renzo Piano
## Projects completed 2001--2009 {#projects_completed_20012009}
<File:2018> Hermes Ginza 1.jpg\|Maison Hermès in Ginza, Tokyo, Japan (1998--2001) <File:Auditorium> Parco della Musica, Roma, terrazza in rosso.jpg\|Auditorium of the Parco della Musica, Rome (1994--2002) <File:Nasher> Sculpture Center Dall... | 913 | Renzo Piano | 4 |
25,946 | # Renzo Piano
## Projects completed 2001--2009 {#projects_completed_20012009}
### Morgan Library Renovation and Extension (2000--2006) {#morgan_library_renovation_and_extension_20002006}
The extension of the Morgan Library in New York City is next to the original library, a monument of Beaux-Arts architecture designe... | 722 | Renzo Piano | 5 |
25,946 | # Renzo Piano
## Projects completed 2010 to present {#projects_completed_2010_to_present}
<File:New> St Giles development.jpg\|Central Saint Giles, London, under construction (2002--2010) <File:CentralSaintGiles-London-RenzoPiano-1.jpg>\|Central Saint Giles, London (2002--2010) <File:LACMA.JPG%7CThe> Los Angeles Coun... | 1,086 | Renzo Piano | 6 |
25,946 | # Renzo Piano
## Projects completed 2010 to present {#projects_completed_2010_to_present}
### Kimbell Art Museum extension, Fort Worth, Texas (2007--2013) {#kimbell_art_museum_extension_fort_worth_texas_20072013}
The extension of the Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth, Texas (2007--2013) is an addition to the museum de... | 934 | Renzo Piano | 7 |
25,946 | # Renzo Piano
## Projects completed 2010 to present {#projects_completed_2010_to_present}
### Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center, Athens, Greece (2016) {#stavros_niarchos_foundation_cultural_center_athens_greece_2016}
The Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center (SNFCC) in Athens, Greece is one of Piano\'... | 293 | Renzo Piano | 8 |
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