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4,456 | # Book of Zechariah
## Composition
The return from exile is the theological premise of the prophet\'s visions in chapters 1--6. Chapters 7--8 address the quality of life God wants his renewed people to enjoy, containing many encouraging promises to them. Chapters 9--14 comprise two \"oracles\" of the future.
### Cha... | 431 | Book of Zechariah | 1 |
4,456 | # Book of Zechariah
## Themes
The purpose of this book is not strictly historical but theological and pastoral. The main emphasis is that God is at work, and all his good deeds, including the construction of the Second Temple, are accomplished \"not by might nor by power, but by \[his\] Spirit\". Ultimately, YHWH pla... | 417 | Book of Zechariah | 2 |
4,457 | # Book of Zephaniah
250px \|thumb\|The Leningrad Codex (AD. 1008) contains the complete text of the Book of Zephaniah in Hebrew. The **Book of Zephaniah** `{{IPAc-en|ˌ|z|ɛ|f|ə|ˈ|n|aɪ|.|ə}}`{=mediawiki} (*צְפַנְיָה*, *Ṣəfanyā*; sometimes Latinized as *Sophonias*) is the ninth of the Twelve Minor Prophets of the Old Tes... | 540 | Book of Zephaniah | 0 |
4,457 | # Book of Zephaniah
## Themes
thumb\|upright=1.15\|Illustration depicting Zephaniah addressing the people, from a French 16th-century Bible *The HarperCollins Study Bible* supplies headings for sections within the book as follows:
Verse (NRSV) Heading 1:1 (Superscription) 1:2--13 The Coming Judgment on J... | 289 | Book of Zephaniah | 1 |
4,457 | # Book of Zephaniah
## Later influence {#later_influence}
Because of its hopeful tone of the gathering and restoration of exiles, `{{Bibleverse|Zephaniah|3:20|NRSV}}`{=mediawiki} has been included in Jewish liturgy.
Zephaniah served as a major inspiration for the medieval Catholic hymn \"Dies Irae,\" whose title and... | 204 | Book of Zephaniah | 2 |
4,458 | # Book of Habakkuk
The **Book of Habakkuk** is the eighth book of the Twelve Minor Prophets of the Hebrew Bible. The book has three chapters. It is attributed to the prophet Habakkuk. Most scholars agree that the book was probably composed in the period during Jehoiakim\'s reign as king of Judah (609--597 BC). It is a... | 685 | Book of Habakkuk | 0 |
4,458 | # Book of Habakkuk
## Themes
The major theme of Habakkuk is trying to grow from a faith of perplexity and doubt to the height of absolute trust in God. Habakkuk addresses his concerns over the fact that God will use the Babylonian empire to execute judgment on Judah for their sins.
Habakkuk openly questions the wisd... | 675 | Book of Habakkuk | 1 |
4,458 | # Book of Habakkuk
## Importance
The Book of Habakkuk is accepted as canonical by adherents of the Jewish and Christian faiths.
### Judaism
The Book of Habakkuk is the eighth book of the Twelve Prophets of the Hebrew Bible, and this collection appears in all copies of texts of the Septuagint, the Ancient Greek tran... | 367 | Book of Habakkuk | 2 |
4,458 | # Book of Habakkuk
## Habakkuk 2:4 {#habakkuk_24}
The Talmud (Makkot 24a) mentions that various Biblical figures grouped the 613 commandments into categories that encapsulated all of the 613. At the end of this discussion, the Talmud concludes, \"Habakkuk came and established \[the 613 mitzvoth\] upon one, as it is s... | 376 | Book of Habakkuk | 3 |
4,458 | # Book of Habakkuk
## Habakkuk 2:6-20: the taunting riddle {#habakkuk_26_20_the_taunting_riddle}
The melitzah ḥidah, or the taunting riddle, is the oracle revealed to Habakkuk the prophet. It is a mashal, which is a proverb and a parable. It is also known as a witty satire, a mocking and an enigma. The riddle is 15 v... | 609 | Book of Habakkuk | 4 |
4,458 | # Book of Habakkuk
## Musical uses {#musical_uses}
Modern Christian hymns have been inspired by the words of the prophet Habakkuk:
- the Christian hymn \"The Lord is in His Holy Temple\", written in 1900 by William J. Kirkpatrick, is based on Habakkuk 2:20.
- the fourth verse of William Cowper\'s hymn \"Sometime... | 98 | Book of Habakkuk | 5 |
4,475 | # B (programming language)
**B** is a programming language developed at Bell Labs circa 1969 by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie.
B was derived from BCPL, and its name may possibly be a contraction of BCPL. Thompson\'s coworker Dennis Ritchie speculated that the name might be based on Bon, an earlier, but unrelated, p... | 284 | B (programming language) | 0 |
4,475 | # B (programming language)
## History
Circa 1969, Ken Thompson and later Dennis Ritchie developed B basing it mainly on the BCPL language Thompson used in the Multics project. B was essentially the BCPL system stripped of any component Thompson felt he could do without in order to make it fit within the memory capaci... | 752 | B (programming language) | 1 |
4,476 | # Beer–Lambert law
The **Beer--Bouguer--Lambert (BBL) extinction law** is an empirical relationship describing the attenuation in intensity of a radiation beam passing through a macroscopically homogenous medium with which it interacts. Formally, it states that the intensity of radiation decays exponentially in the ab... | 628 | Beer–Lambert law | 0 |
4,476 | # Beer–Lambert law
## Mathematical formulations {#mathematical_formulations}
There are several equivalent formulations of the BBL law, depending on the precise choice of measured quantities. All of them state that, provided that the physical state is held constant, the extinction process is linear in the intensity of... | 471 | Beer–Lambert law | 1 |
4,476 | # Beer–Lambert law
## Derivation
There are two factors that determine the degree to which a medium containing particles will attenuate a light beam: the number of particles encountered by the light beam, and the degree to which each particle extinguishes the light.
Assume that a beam of light enters a material sampl... | 435 | Beer–Lambert law | 2 |
4,476 | # Beer–Lambert law
## Derivation
### Validity
Under certain conditions the Beer--Lambert law fails to maintain a linear relationship between attenuation and concentration of analyte. These deviations are classified into three categories:
1. Real---fundamental deviations due to the limitations of the law itself.
2. ... | 468 | Beer–Lambert law | 3 |
4,476 | # Beer–Lambert law
## Applications
### In plasma physics {#in_plasma_physics}
The BBL extinction law also arises as a solution to the BGK equation.
### Chemical analysis by spectrophotometry {#chemical_analysis_by_spectrophotometry}
The Beer--Lambert law can be applied to the analysis of a mixture by spectrophotom... | 674 | Beer–Lambert law | 4 |
4,495 | # British thermal unit
The **British thermal unit** (**Btu**) is a measure of heat, which is a form of energy. It was originally defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit. It is also part of the United States customary units. The SI unit for energy i... | 856 | British thermal unit | 0 |
4,495 | # British thermal unit
## Associated units {#associated_units}
- 1 *ton of cooling*, a common unit in North American refrigeration and air conditioning applications, is 12,000 Btu/h. It is the rate of heat transfer needed to freeze 1 ST of water into ice in 24 hours.
- In the United States and Canada, the R-value... | 379 | British thermal unit | 1 |
4,516 | # Body substance isolation
**Body substance isolation** is a practice of isolating all body substances (blood, urine, feces, tears, etc.) of individuals undergoing medical treatment, particularly emergency medical treatment of those who might be infected with illnesses such as HIV, or hepatitis so as to reduce as much... | 391 | Body substance isolation | 0 |
4,524 | # Burroughs Corporation
The **Burroughs Corporation** was a major American manufacturer of business equipment. The company was founded in 1886 as the American Arithmometer Company by William Seward Burroughs. The company\'s history paralleled many of the major developments in computing. At its start, it produced mecha... | 954 | Burroughs Corporation | 0 |
4,524 | # Burroughs Corporation
## A force in the computing industry {#a_force_in_the_computing_industry}
Burroughs was one of the nine major United States computer companies in the 1960s, with IBM the largest, Honeywell, NCR Corporation, Control Data Corporation (CDC), General Electric (GE), Digital Equipment Corporation (D... | 1,237 | Burroughs Corporation | 1 |
4,524 | # Burroughs Corporation
## Burroughs Payment Systems `{{anchor|Reemergence of the Burroughs name}}`{=mediawiki} {#burroughs_payment_systems}
In 2010, Unisys sold off its Payment Systems Division to Marlin Equity Partners, a California-based private investment firm, which incorporated it as **Burroughs Payment Systems... | 47 | Burroughs Corporation | 2 |
4,541 | # Burnt-in timecode
**Burnt-in timecode** (often abbreviated to **BITC** by analogy to VITC) is a human-readable on-screen version of the timecode information for a piece of material superimposed on a video image. BITC is sometimes used in conjunction with \"real\" machine-readable timecode but more often used in copi... | 434 | Burnt-in timecode | 0 |
4,542 | # Bra–ket notation
**Bra--ket notation**, also called **Dirac notation**, is a notation for linear algebra and linear operators on complex vector spaces together with their dual space both in the finite-dimensional and infinite-dimensional case. It is specifically designed to ease the types of calculations that freque... | 571 | Bra–ket notation | 0 |
4,542 | # Bra–ket notation
## Vector spaces {#vector_spaces}
### Vectors vs kets {#vectors_vs_kets}
In mathematics, the term \"vector\" is used for an element of any vector space. In physics, however, the term \"vector\" tends to refer almost exclusively to quantities like displacement or velocity, which have components tha... | 473 | Bra–ket notation | 1 |
4,542 | # Bra–ket notation
## Vector spaces {#vector_spaces}
### Inner product and bra--ket identification on Hilbert space {#inner_product_and_braket_identification_on_hilbert_space}
The bra--ket notation is particularly useful in Hilbert spaces which have an inner product that allows Hermitian conjugation and identifying a... | 699 | Bra–ket notation | 2 |
4,542 | # Bra–ket notation
## Usage in quantum mechanics {#usage_in_quantum_mechanics}
The mathematical structure of quantum mechanics is based in large part on linear algebra:
- Wave functions and other quantum states can be represented as vectors in a separable complex Hilbert space. (The exact structure of this Hilbert... | 832 | Bra–ket notation | 3 |
4,542 | # Bra–ket notation
## Pitfalls and ambiguous uses {#pitfalls_and_ambiguous_uses}
There are some conventions and uses of notation that may be confusing or ambiguous for the non-initiated or early student.
### Separation of inner product and vectors {#separation_of_inner_product_and_vectors}
A cause for confusion is ... | 432 | Bra–ket notation | 4 |
4,542 | # Bra–ket notation
## Linear operators {#linear_operators}
### Linear operators acting on kets {#linear_operators_acting_on_kets}
A linear operator is a map that inputs a ket and outputs a ket. (In order to be called \"linear\", it is required to have certain properties.) In other words, if $\hat A$ is a linear oper... | 594 | Bra–ket notation | 5 |
4,542 | # Bra–ket notation
## Properties
Bra--ket notation was designed to facilitate the formal manipulation of linear-algebraic expressions. Some of the properties that allow this manipulation are listed herein. In what follows, `{{math|''c''<sub>1</sub>}}`{=mediawiki} and `{{math|''c''<sub>2</sub>}}`{=mediawiki} denote ar... | 464 | Bra–ket notation | 6 |
4,542 | # Bra–ket notation
## Composite bras and kets {#composite_bras_and_kets}
Two Hilbert spaces `{{math|''V''}}`{=mediawiki} and `{{math|''W''}}`{=mediawiki} may form a third space `{{math|''V'' ⊗ ''W''}}`{=mediawiki} by a tensor product. In quantum mechanics, this is used for describing composite systems. If a system is... | 813 | Bra–ket notation | 7 |
4,548 | # Blizzard
A **blizzard** is a severe snowstorm characterized by strong sustained winds and low visibility, lasting for a prolonged period of time---typically at least three or four hours. A ground blizzard is a weather condition where snow that has already fallen is being blown by wind. Blizzards can have an immense ... | 478 | Blizzard | 0 |
4,548 | # Blizzard
## United States storm systems {#united_states_storm_systems}
In the United States, storm systems powerful enough to cause blizzards usually form when the jet stream dips far to the south, allowing cold, dry polar air from the north to clash with warm, humid air moving up from the south.
When cold, moist ... | 521 | Blizzard | 1 |
4,548 | # Blizzard
## Historic events {#historic_events}
### 1972 Iran blizzard {#iran_blizzard}
The 1972 Iran blizzard, which caused 4,000 reported deaths, was the deadliest blizzard in recorded history. Dropping as much as 26 feet of snow, it completely covered 200 villages. After a snowfall lasting nearly a week, an area... | 710 | Blizzard | 2 |
4,548 | # Blizzard
## List of blizzards {#list_of_blizzards}
### North America {#north_america}
#### 1700 to 1799 {#to_1799}
- The Great Snow 1717 series of four snowstorms between February 27 and March 7, 1717. There were reports of about five feet of snow already on the ground when the first of the storms hit. By the e... | 496 | Blizzard | 3 |
4,548 | # Blizzard
## List of blizzards {#list_of_blizzards}
### North America {#north_america}
#### 1851 to 1900 {#to_1900}
- Plains Blizzard of 1856. December 3--5, 1856. Severe blizzard-like storm raged for three days in Kansas and Iowa. Early pioneers suffered.
- \"The Cold Storm of 1857\" January 18--19, 1857. Produ... | 1,005 | Blizzard | 4 |
4,548 | # Blizzard
## List of blizzards {#list_of_blizzards}
### North America {#north_america}
#### 1940 to 1949 {#to_1949}
- Armistice Day Blizzard of 1940 November 10--12, 1940. Took place in the Midwest region of the United States on Armistice Day. This \"Panhandle hook\" winter storm cut a 1000 mi through the middle o... | 1,135 | Blizzard | 5 |
4,548 | # Blizzard
## List of blizzards {#list_of_blizzards}
### North America {#north_america}
#### 2010 to 2019 {#to_2019}
- February 5--6, 2010 North American blizzard February 5--6, 2010 Referred to at the time as Snowmageddon was a Category 3 (\"major\") nor\'easter and severe weather event.
- February 9--10, 2010 N... | 525 | Blizzard | 6 |
4,568 | # Bank of China Tower (Hong Kong)
The **Bank of China Tower** (**BOC Tower**) is a skyscraper located in Central, Hong Kong. Located at 1 Garden Road on Hong Kong Island, the tower houses the headquarters of the Bank of China (Hong Kong) Limited. One of the most recognisable landmarks in Hong Kong, the building is not... | 625 | Bank of China Tower (Hong Kong) | 0 |
4,568 | # Bank of China Tower (Hong Kong)
## Architecture
Designed by Pritzker Prize-winning architect I. M. Pei, the building is 315.0 m high with two masts reaching 367.4 m high. The 72-storey building is located near Central MTR station. This was the tallest building in Hong Kong and Asia from 1990 to 1992, the first buil... | 339 | Bank of China Tower (Hong Kong) | 1 |
4,568 | # Bank of China Tower (Hong Kong)
## Transport
The Bank of China Tower can be accessed by the Mass Transit Railway (MTR) by walking through Chater Garden from Central station Exit J2.
## In popular culture {#in_popular_culture}
- In the 1988 film *Police Story 2*, the building was shown during its construction
- ... | 253 | Bank of China Tower (Hong Kong) | 2 |
4,573 | # Bugzilla
**Bugzilla** is a web-based general-purpose bug tracking system and testing tool originally developed and used by the Mozilla project, and licensed under the Mozilla Public License.
Released as open-source software by Netscape Communications in 1998, it has been adopted by a variety of organizations for us... | 1,119 | Bugzilla | 0 |
4,573 | # Bugzilla
## History
### Timeline
` ##################################################`\
` # 3.2 filled bar #`\
` ##################################################`\
` bar:3.2 width:35 from:29/11/2008 till:24/01/2011 color:col3.2 mark:(line,col3.2)`
` ###############################... | 1,034 | Bugzilla | 1 |
4,573 | # Bugzilla
## Design
While the potential exists in the code to turn Bugzilla into a technical support ticket system, task management tool, or project management tool, Bugzilla\'s developers have chosen to focus on the task of designing a system to track software defects.
## Zarro Boogs {#zarro_boogs}
Bugzilla retur... | 349 | Bugzilla | 2 |
4,584 | # Baryon
In particle physics, a **baryon** is a type of composite subatomic particle that contains an odd number of valence quarks, conventionally three. Protons and neutrons are examples of baryons; because baryons are composed of quarks, they belong to the hadron family of particles. Baryons are also classified as f... | 708 | Baryon | 0 |
4,584 | # Baryon
## Properties
### Isospin and charge {#isospin_and_charge}
The concept of isospin was first proposed by Werner Heisenberg in 1932 to explain the similarities between protons and neutrons under the strong interaction. Although they had different electric charges, their masses were so similar that physicists ... | 437 | Baryon | 1 |
4,584 | # Baryon
## Properties
### Flavour quantum numbers {#flavour_quantum_numbers}
The strangeness flavour quantum number *S* (not to be confused with spin) was noticed to go up and down along with particle mass. The higher the mass, the lower the strangeness (the more s quarks). Particles could be described with isospin ... | 371 | Baryon | 2 |
4,584 | # Baryon
## Properties
### Spin, orbital angular momentum, and total angular momentum {#spin_orbital_angular_momentum_and_total_angular_momentum}
Spin (quantum number *S*) is a vector quantity that represents the \"intrinsic\" angular momentum of a particle. It comes in increments of `{{sfrac|1|2}}`{=mediawiki} ħ (pr... | 854 | Baryon | 3 |
4,584 | # Baryon
## Nomenclature
Baryons are classified into groups according to their isospin (*I*) values and quark (*q*) content. There are six groups of baryons: nucleon (`{{SubatomicParticle|Nucleon}}`{=mediawiki}), Delta (`{{SubatomicParticle|Delta}}`{=mediawiki}), Lambda (`{{SubatomicParticle|Lambda}}`{=mediawiki}), S... | 450 | Baryon | 4 |
4,589 | # Braille embosser
A **braille embosser** is an impact printer that renders text as tactile braille cells. Using braille translation software, a document or digital text can be embossed with relative ease. This makes braille production efficient and cost-effective. Braille translation software may be free and open-sou... | 433 | Braille embosser | 0 |
4,592 | # Basic Role-Playing
***Basic Role-Playing*** (***BRP***) is a tabletop role-playing game which originated in the *RuneQuest* fantasy role-playing game. Chaosium released the *BRP* standalone booklet in 1980 in the boxed set release of the second edition of *RuneQuest*. Greg Stafford and Lynn Willis are credited as th... | 791 | Basic Role-Playing | 0 |
4,592 | # Basic Role-Playing
## Adaptations of the system {#adaptations_of_the_system}
Chaosium was an early adopter of licensing out its *BRP* system to other companies, something that was unique at the time they began but commonplace now thanks to the d20 licenses. This places *BRP* in the notable position of being one of ... | 358 | Basic Role-Playing | 1 |
4,595 | # Wireless broadband
thumb \|right \|upright=1.3 \|Three fixed wireless dishes with protective covers on top of 307 W. 7th Street, Fort Worth, Texas, around 2001
**Wireless broadband** is a telecommunications technology that provides high-speed wireless Internet access or computer networking access over a wide area. ... | 408 | Wireless broadband | 0 |
4,595 | # Wireless broadband
## Development in the United States {#development_in_the_united_states}
On November 14, 2007, the Commission released Public Notice DA 07--4605 in which the Wireless Telecommunications Bureau announced the start date for licensing and registration process for the 3650--3700 MHz band. In 2010 the ... | 791 | Wireless broadband | 1 |
4,628 | # Bilinear transform
The **bilinear transform** (also known as **Tustin\'s method**, after Arnold Tustin) is used in digital signal processing and discrete-time control theory to transform continuous-time system representations to discrete-time and vice versa.
The bilinear transform is a special case of a conformal m... | 681 | Bilinear transform | 0 |
4,628 | # Bilinear transform
## Transformation of a General LTI System {#transformation_of_a_general_lti_system}
A general LTI system has the transfer function $H_a(s) = \frac{b_0 + b_1s + b_2s^2 + \cdots + b_Qs^Q}{a_0 + a_1s + a_2s^2 + \cdots + a_Ps^P}$ The order of the transfer function `{{math|''N''}}`{=mediawiki} is the ... | 406 | Bilinear transform | 1 |
4,628 | # Bilinear transform
## Example
As an example take a simple low-pass RC filter. This continuous-time filter has a transfer function
$$\begin{align}
H_a(s) &= \frac{1/sC}{R+1/sC} \\
&= \frac{1}{1 + RC s}.
\end{align}$$
If we wish to implement this filter as a digital filter, we can apply the bilinear transform by su... | 395 | Bilinear transform | 2 |
4,628 | # Bilinear transform
## General second-order biquad transformation {#general_second_order_biquad_transformation}
A similar process can be used for a general second-order filter with the given transfer function
$$H_a(s) = \frac{b_0 s^2 + b_1 s + b_2}{a_0 s^2 + a_1 s + a_2} = \frac{b_0 + b_1 s^{-1} + b_2 s^{-2}}{a_0 +... | 287 | Bilinear transform | 3 |
4,628 | # Bilinear transform
## Frequency warping {#frequency_warping}
To determine the frequency response of a continuous-time filter, the transfer function $H_a(s)$ is evaluated at $s = j \omega_a$ which is on the $j \omega$ axis. Likewise, to determine the frequency response of a discrete-time filter, the transfer functio... | 779 | Bilinear transform | 4 |
4,631 | # Brian Boitano
**Brian Anthony Boitano** (born October 22, 1963) is an American figure skater from Sunnyvale, California. He is the 1988 Olympic champion, the 1986 and 1988 World Champion, and the 1985--1988 U.S. National Champion.
Boitano turned professional following the 1988 season. Under new rules by the ISU, he... | 418 | Brian Boitano | 0 |
4,631 | # Brian Boitano
## Figure skating career {#figure_skating_career}
### World Champion {#world_champion}
Following the 1984 Olympics, several skaters emerged as likely medal hopes following the retirement of Scott Hamilton.
Boitano won the 1985 United States Figure Skating Championships, the first of his four titles. ... | 551 | Brian Boitano | 1 |
4,631 | # Brian Boitano
## Figure skating career {#figure_skating_career}
### 1988 Olympics: Battle of the Brians {#olympics_battle_of_the_brians}
Going into the Olympics, Boitano and Brian Orser each had won a world title and each had an excellent, balanced repertoire. Boitano was known as the slightly better technician and... | 441 | Brian Boitano | 2 |
4,631 | # Brian Boitano
## Figure skating career {#figure_skating_career}
### Professional career and return to amateur standing {#professional_career_and_return_to_amateur_standing}
Following the Olympics, Boitano went on to dominate competitions in the professional ranks, winning ten straight professional competitions, inc... | 411 | Brian Boitano | 3 |
4,631 | # Brian Boitano
## Celebrity and popular culture career {#celebrity_and_popular_culture_career}
### *South Park* song {#south_park_song}
A caricature of Boitano as a superhero appears as a semi-recurring character in the cartoon series *South Park*. The film *South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut* (1999) features a mus... | 523 | Brian Boitano | 4 |
4,633 | # List of political scandals in the United Kingdom
This is a **list of political scandals in the United Kingdom** in chronological order. Scandals implicating political figures or governments of the UK, often reported in the mass media, have long had repercussions for their popularity. Issues in political scandals hav... | 774 | List of political scandals in the United Kingdom | 0 |
4,633 | # List of political scandals in the United Kingdom
## 1990s {#s_9}
- Arms-to-Iraq and the closely connected Iraqi Supergun affair (1990)
- David Mellor resignation after press disclosure of his affair with Antonia de Sancha and gratis holiday from a daughter of a PLO official (1992)
- Michael Mates gift of a wa... | 398 | List of political scandals in the United Kingdom | 1 |
4,633 | # List of political scandals in the United Kingdom
## 2000s {#s_10}
- Officegate (2001). Henry McLeish, Labour First Minister of Scotland, failed to refund the House of Commons for income he had received from the sub-let of his constituency office in Glenrothes while still a Westminster MP.
- Keith Vaz, Peter Ma... | 1,015 | List of political scandals in the United Kingdom | 2 |
4,633 | # List of political scandals in the United Kingdom
## 2010s {#s_11}
### 2010
- The Iris Robinson scandal in which First Minister of Northern Ireland Peter Robinson stepped aside for six weeks in January 2010 following revelations of his wife\'s involvement in an extramarital affair, her attempted suicide, and alle... | 923 | List of political scandals in the United Kingdom | 3 |
4,633 | # List of political scandals in the United Kingdom
## 2010s {#s_11}
### 2018 {#section_7}
- The 2018 Windrush scandal, involving members of the Windrush generation being wrongly detained, deported, or threatened with deportation which caused the resignation of the then Home Secretary, Amber Rudd.
| 45 | List of political scandals in the United Kingdom | 4 |
4,633 | # List of political scandals in the United Kingdom
## 2020s {#s_12}
### 2020 {#section_8}
- The Dominic Cummings scandal, where Dominic Cummings, chief strategist of prime minister Boris Johnson, broke COVID-19 pandemic restrictions during the UK\'s first nationwide lockdown while experiencing symptoms of the dise... | 943 | List of political scandals in the United Kingdom | 5 |
4,633 | # List of political scandals in the United Kingdom
## 2020s {#s_12}
### 2025 {#section_13}
- Tulip Siddiq, City Minister and Economic Secretary to the Treasury, was implicated in corruption investigations into her aunt, the deposed Prime Minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina. Siddiq was accused of helping her aunt t... | 69 | List of political scandals in the United Kingdom | 6 |
4,641 | # British Steel (1967–1999)
**British Steel** was a major British steel producer. It originated from the nationalised **British Steel Corporation** (**BSC**), formed in 1967, which was privatised as a public limited company, **British Steel plc**, in 1988. It was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. The company m... | 690 | British Steel (1967–1999) | 0 |
4,641 | # British Steel (1967–1999)
## History
### Restructuring
According to Blair (1997), British Steel faced serious problems at the time of its formation, including obsolescent plants; plants operating under capacity and thus at low efficiency; outdated technology; price controls that reduced marketing flexibility; soari... | 714 | British Steel (1967–1999) | 1 |
4,641 | # British Steel (1967–1999)
## Sponsorships
In 1971 British Steel sponsored Sir Chay Blyth in his record-making non-stop circumnavigation against the winds and currents, known as \'The Impossible Voyage\'. In 1992 they sponsored the British Steel Challenge, the first of a series of \'wrong way\' races for amateur cre... | 191 | British Steel (1967–1999) | 2 |
4,648 | # Broch
In archaeology, a **broch** `{{IPAc-en|b|r|ɒ|x}}`{=mediawiki} is an Iron Age drystone hollow-walled structure found in Scotland. Brochs belong to the classification \"complex Atlantic roundhouse\" devised by Scottish archaeologists in the 1980s.
Brochs are roundhouse buildings found throughout Atlantic Scotla... | 382 | Broch | 0 |
4,648 | # Broch
## Origin and definition {#origin_and_definition}
The word *broch* is derived from Lowland Scots \'brough\', meaning (among other things) fort. In the mid-19th century Scottish antiquaries called brochs \'burgs\', after Old Norse **borg**, with the same meaning. Place names in Scandinavian Scotland such as Bu... | 611 | Broch | 1 |
4,648 | # Broch
## Purposes
The original interpretation of brochs, favoured by 19th-century antiquarians, was that they were defensive structures, places of refuge for the community and their livestock. They were sometimes regarded as the work of Danes or Picts. From the 1930s to the 1960s, archaeologists such as V. Gordon C... | 390 | Broch | 2 |
4,648 | # Broch
## Structures
thumb\|upright=1.2\|Broch of Mousa in the Shetland Isles
Generally, brochs have a single entrance with bar-holes, door-checks and lintels. There are mural cells and there is a scarcement (ledge), perhaps for timber-framed lean-to dwellings lining the inner face of the wall. Also there is a spir... | 657 | Broch | 3 |
4,648 | # Broch
## New broch planned {#new_broch_planned}
The Caithness Broch Project was set up in 2013 as a project in experimental archaeology to build a broch using traditional techniques such as drystone walling. Purposes of the project include possible insights into the purpose of brochs, preservation of local skills i... | 80 | Broch | 4 |
4,653 | # The Beano
***The Beano*** (formerly ***The Beano Comic***) is a British anthology comic magazine created by Scottish publishing company DC Thomson. Its first issue was published on 30 July 1938, and it published its 4000th issue in August 2019. Popular and well-known comic strips and characters include *Dennis the M... | 1,203 | The Beano | 0 |
4,653 | # The Beano
## History
### Post-war changes (1945--1988) {#post_war_changes_19451988}
December 1945 marked a milestone: issue 272 became the first *Beano* issue to sell over a million copies. The end of the war also ushered in a new era for the comic, debuting superhero Jack Flash, the debut of Biffo the Bear as new ... | 459 | The Beano | 1 |
4,653 | # The Beano
## Stories
Plots and dialogue are written into a script by an (often) uncredited DC Thomson writer, a formerly common practice for DC Thomson magazines. Uncredited artists assigned to a strip(s) will design all its stories into a \"series\" that the chief editor will arrange into an order to publish for e... | 984 | The Beano | 2 |
4,653 | # The Beano
## Stories
### Anniversary issues {#anniversary_issues}
Along with guest editors, anniversary issues are frequently contained with crossovers. The 2000th issue had the \"Hall of Fame\" strip which showed framed portraits of characters from the past, and issue 3443\'s *Fred\'s Bed* featured Fred crawling u... | 168 | The Beano | 3 |
4,653 | # The Beano
## Creators
### Chief Editor history {#chief_editor_history}
As of 2020, there have been seven official chief editors:
- George Moonie (1938--1939, c. 1946--1959)
- Harold Cramond (1959--1984)
- Euan Kerr (1984--2006)
- Alan Digby (2006--2011)
- Michael Stirling (2011--2012)
- Craig Graham (... | 469 | The Beano | 4 |
4,653 | # The Beano
## Merchandise
From the first issue, readers have received free gifts from *The Beano*: toy masks, sweets, posters, and toys. Originally, free gifts would be attached inside the cover or strategically on the front so that it could distract the buyer from other comics next to *The Beano* on the shelves, ho... | 703 | The Beano | 5 |
4,653 | # The Beano
## Merchandise
### Spin-off comics {#spin_off_comics}
#### Comic libraries {#comic_libraries}
Since 1982 the comic, along with *The Dandy*, has also run \"Comic Library\" titles. Released monthly, these titles are a feature-length (usually about 64-page) adventure, featuring a character from the comic it... | 691 | The Beano | 6 |
4,653 | # The Beano
## Reception and legacy {#reception_and_legacy}
*The Beano* was an instant success upon release, and became the longest-running, weekly-issued comic of all time in 2018. Although interest in comic magazines dwindled, it survived surrounding setbacks. In the 1950s, it (and *The Dandy*) were unaffected by D... | 984 | The Beano | 7 |
4,653 | # The Beano
## Reception and legacy {#reception_and_legacy}
### Controversy
*The Beano* has had a few controversies throughout its lifetime, but aspects have either been discontinued, phased out or changed to not cause offence. Its infamous changes are the removal of corporal punishment (e.g. Dennis the Menace often ... | 379 | The Beano | 8 |
4,665 | # Banach algebra
In mathematics, especially functional analysis, a **Banach algebra**, named after Stefan Banach, is an associative algebra $A$ over the real or complex numbers (or over a non-Archimedean complete normed field) that at the same time is also a Banach space, that is, a normed space that is complete in th... | 270 | Banach algebra | 0 |
4,665 | # Banach algebra
## Examples
The prototypical example of a Banach algebra is $C_0(X)$, the space of (complex-valued) continuous functions, defined on a locally compact Hausdorff space $X$, that vanish at infinity. $C_0(X)$ is unital if and only if $X$ is compact. The complex conjugation being an involution, $C_0(X)$ ... | 489 | Banach algebra | 1 |
4,665 | # Banach algebra
## Properties
Several elementary functions that are defined via power series may be defined in any unital Banach algebra; examples include the exponential function and the trigonometric functions, and more generally any entire function. (In particular, the exponential map can be used to define abstra... | 340 | Banach algebra | 2 |
4,665 | # Banach algebra
## Spectral theory {#spectral_theory}
Unital Banach algebras over the complex field provide a general setting to develop spectral theory. The *spectrum* of an element $x \in A,$ denoted by $\sigma(x)$, consists of all those complex scalars $\lambda$ such that $x - \lambda \mathbf{1}$ is not invertibl... | 287 | Banach algebra | 3 |
4,665 | # Banach algebra
## Ideals and characters {#ideals_and_characters}
Let $A$ be a unital *commutative* Banach algebra over $\Complex.$ Since $A$ is then a commutative ring with unit, every non-invertible element of $A$ belongs to some maximal ideal of $A.$ Since a maximal ideal $\mathfrak m$ in $A$ is closed, $A / \mat... | 495 | Banach algebra | 4 |
4,669 | # Bill Holbrook
**Bill Holbrook** (born 1958) is an American cartoonist and webcomic writer and artist, best known for his syndicated comic strip *On the Fastrack*.
Born in Los Angeles, Holbrook grew up in Huntsville, Alabama, and began drawing at an early age. While majoring in illustration and visual design at Aubu... | 442 | Bill Holbrook | 0 |
4,688 | # William M. Tweed
**William Magear \"Boss\" Tweed** (April 3, 1823 -- April 12, 1878) was an American politician most notable for being the political boss of Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party\'s political machine that played a major role in the politics of 19th-century New York City and State.
At the height of his ... | 457 | William M. Tweed | 0 |
4,688 | # William M. Tweed
## Early career {#early_career}
Tweed became a member of the Odd Fellows and the Masons, and joined a volunteer fire company, Engine No. 12. In 1848, at the invitation of state assemblyman John J. Reilly, he and some friends organized the Americus Fire Company No. 6, also known as the \"Big Six\", ... | 1,122 | William M. Tweed | 1 |
4,688 | # William M. Tweed
## Corruption
After the election of 1869, Tweed took control of the New York City government. His protégé, John T. Hoffman, the former mayor of the city, won election as governor, and Tweed garnered the support of good-government reformers like Peter Cooper and the Union League Club, by proposing a... | 872 | William M. Tweed | 2 |
4,688 | # William M. Tweed
## Scandal
Tweed\'s downfall began in 1871. James Watson, who was a county auditor in Comptroller Dick Connolly\'s office and who also held and recorded the ring\'s books, died a week after his head was smashed by a horse in a sleigh accident on January 24, 1871. Although Tweed guarded Watson\'s es... | 855 | William M. Tweed | 3 |
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