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4,688 | # William M. Tweed
## Imprisonment, escape, and death {#imprisonment_escape_and_death}
Tweed was released on \$1 million bail, and Tammany set to work to recover its position through the ballot box. Tweed was re-elected to the state senate in November 1871, due to his personal popularity and largesse in his district,... | 409 | William M. Tweed | 4 |
4,688 | # William M. Tweed
## Evaluations
According to Tweed biographer Kenneth D. Ackerman:
> It\'s hard not to admire the skill behind Tweed\'s system \... The Tweed ring at its height was an engineering marvel, strong and solid, strategically deployed to control key power points: the courts, the legislature, the treasury... | 779 | William M. Tweed | 5 |
4,688 | # William M. Tweed
## In popular culture {#in_popular_culture}
- Arthur Train featured Tweed in his 1940 novel of life in Gilded Age New York, *Tassels On Her Boots*. Tweed is portrayed as having contempt for the people he rules, at one point saying that once he would have been a Baron, with a castle, levying tribu... | 370 | William M. Tweed | 6 |
4,689 | # Balsall Heath
**Balsall Heath** is an inner-city area of Birmingham, West Midlands, England. It has a diverse cultural mix of people and is the location of the Balti Triangle.
## History
The name is first found as Bordeshale in 1275, which is derived from the Old English words *Bord\'s healh* meaning \'Bord\'s hea... | 882 | Balsall Heath | 0 |
4,689 | # Balsall Heath
## Notable buildings {#notable_buildings}
- Moseley Road Baths
- Moseley School of Art
- St Barnabas\' Church
- St Paul\'s Church
## Notable residents {#notable_residents}
- Donnaleigh Bailey, Michelle Corrigan in the Birmingham-based soap *Doctors*
- Alderman John Bowen, JP
- Percy Bu... | 111 | Balsall Heath | 1 |
4,690 | # Bunge & Born
**Bunge & Born** was a multinational corporation based in Buenos Aires, Argentina, whose diverse interests included food processing and international trade in grains and oilseeds. It is now known as Bunge Limited.
## History
Bunge & Born was founded in 1883 by Ernesto Bunge, a German Argentine whose u... | 736 | Bunge & Born | 0 |
4,717 | # Bob Jones University
**Bob Jones University** (**BJU**) is a private university in Greenville, South Carolina, United States. It is known for its conservative and evangelical cultural and religious positions. The university, with approximately 2,900 students, is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and... | 811 | Bob Jones University | 0 |
4,717 | # Bob Jones University
## Academics
The university comprises seven colleges and schools offering more than 60 undergraduate majors, including fourteen associate degree programs. Many of the university employees consider their positions as much ministries as jobs.`{{Self-published source|date=May 2025}}`{=mediawiki} I... | 619 | Bob Jones University | 1 |
4,717 | # Bob Jones University
## Academics
### Political involvement {#political_involvement}
As a twelve-year-old, Bob Jones Sr. made a twenty-minute speech in defense of the Populist Party. Jones was a friend and admirer of William Jennings Bryan but also campaigned throughout the South for Herbert Hoover (and against Al ... | 1,171 | Bob Jones University | 2 |
4,717 | # Bob Jones University
## Campus
The university occupies 205 acres at the eastern city limit of Greenville. The institution moved into its initial 25 buildings during the 1947--48 school year, and later buildings were also faced with the light yellow brick chosen for the originals.
### Museum and gallery {#museum_an... | 693 | Bob Jones University | 3 |
4,717 | # Bob Jones University
## Ancillary ministries {#ancillary_ministries}
### *Unusual Films* {#unusual_films}
Both Bob Jones Sr. and Bob Jones Jr. believed that film could be an excellent medium for mass evangelism, and in 1950, the university established *Unusual Films* within the School of Fine Arts. (The studio nam... | 391 | Bob Jones University | 4 |
4,717 | # Bob Jones University
## Controversies
### Sexual abuse reports {#sexual_abuse_reports}
In December 2011, in response to accusations of mishandling of student reports of sexual abuse (most of which had occurred in their home churches when the students were minors) and a concurrent reporting issue at a church pastor... | 660 | Bob Jones University | 5 |
4,717 | # Bob Jones University
## Student life {#student_life}
### Religious atmosphere {#religious_atmosphere}
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------... | 405 | Bob Jones University | 6 |
4,717 | # Bob Jones University
## Student life {#student_life}
### Rules of conduct {#rules_of_conduct}
Strict rules govern student life at BJU. The 2015--16 Student Handbook states, \"Students are to avoid any types of entertainment that could be considered immodest or that contain profanity, scatological realism, sexual pe... | 631 | Bob Jones University | 7 |
4,717 | # Bob Jones University
## Athletics
The Bob Jones (BJU) athletic teams are called the Bruins. The university is a member of the National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA), primarily competing in the South Region of the Division II level.
The Bruins previously competed as a member of the NCAA Division II... | 464 | Bob Jones University | 8 |
4,754 | # Blue Streak (missile)
The de Havilland Propellers **Blue Streak** was a British Intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM), and later the first stage of the Europa satellite launch vehicle. Blue Streak was cancelled without entering full production.
The project was intended to maintain an independent British nucle... | 434 | Blue Streak (missile) | 0 |
4,754 | # Blue Streak (missile)
## Development
The de Havilland Propellers company won the contract to build the missile, which was to be powered by an uprated liquid-fuelled Rocketdyne S-3D engine, developed by Rolls-Royce, called RZ.2. Two variants of this engine were developed: the first provided a static thrust of 137000... | 865 | Blue Streak (missile) | 1 |
4,754 | # Blue Streak (missile)
## Civilian programmes - Black Prince and ELDO {#civilian_programmes___black_prince_and_eldo}
After the cancellation as a military project, there was reluctance to cancel the project because of the huge cost incurred. Blue Streak would have become the first stage of a projected all British sat... | 702 | Blue Streak (missile) | 2 |
4,754 | # Blue Streak (missile)
## Related projects {#related_projects}
Aside from Black Prince, a range of other proposals was made between 1959 and 1972 for a carrier rocket based on Blue Streak, but none of these were ever built in full and today only exist in design.
### De Havilland/British Interplanetary Society propo... | 352 | Blue Streak (missile) | 3 |
4,754 | # Blue Streak (missile)
## Blue Streak today {#blue_streak_today}
Following the cancellation of the Blue Streak project some of the remaining rockets were preserved at:
- **Europa F13**, at the National Museum of Flight in East Fortune, Scotland.
- **Europa F14**, at the Deutsches Museum, Munich.
- **Europa F1... | 424 | Blue Streak (missile) | 4 |
4,756 | # Bakassi
**Bakassi** is a peninsula on the Gulf of Guinea. It lies between the Cross River estuary, near the city of Calabar and the Rio del Ray estuary on the east. It is governed by Cameroon, following the transfer of sovereignty from neighbouring Nigeria as a result of a judgment by the International Court of Just... | 475 | Bakassi | 0 |
4,756 | # Bakassi
## Territorial dispute {#territorial_dispute}
Nigeria and Cameroon have disputed the possession of Bakassi for some years,`{{Quantify|date=October 2020}}`{=mediawiki} leading to considerable tension between the two countries. In 1981 the two countries went to the brink of war over Bakassi and another area a... | 853 | Bakassi | 1 |
4,756 | # Bakassi
## Territorial dispute {#territorial_dispute}
### Nigerian withdrawal and low-level insurgency {#nigerian_withdrawal_and_low_level_insurgency}
Nigeria began to withdraw its forces, comprising some 3,000 troops, beginning 1 August 2006, and a ceremony on 14 August marked the formal handover of the northern p... | 283 | Bakassi | 2 |
4,763 | # Baroque dance
**Baroque dance** is dance of the Baroque era (roughly 1600--1750), closely linked with Baroque music, theatre, and opera.
## English country dance {#english_country_dance}
The majority of surviving choreographies from the period are English country dances, such as those in the many editions of Playf... | 601 | Baroque dance | 0 |
4,763 | # Baroque dance
## Modern reconstructions {#modern_reconstructions}
The revival of baroque music in the 1960s and \'70s sparked renewed interest in 17th and 18th century dance styles. While more than 300 of these dances had been preserved in Beauchamp--Feuillet notation, it wasn\'t until the mid-20th century that ser... | 467 | Baroque dance | 1 |
4,777 | # Blue Steel (missile)
The Avro **Blue Steel** was a British air-launched, rocket-propelled nuclear armed standoff missile, built to arm the V bomber force. It allowed the bomber to launch the missile against its target while still outside the range of surface-to-air missiles (SAMs). The missile proceeded to the targe... | 568 | Blue Steel (missile) | 0 |
4,777 | # Blue Steel (missile)
## Development
### OR.1132
On 3 September 1954 the Air Staff issued Operational Requirement OR.1132 for the standoff weapon. This was essentially issued to the Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE), whose Guided Weapon Department had been studying such a system for a while and had produced a serie... | 373 | Blue Steel (missile) | 1 |
4,777 | # Blue Steel (missile)
## Development
### Avro\'s concept {#avros_concept}
At the time, nuclear weapon design was still in its early stages, and the intended weapon for the missile was a boosted fission weapon known as \"Green Bamboo\". To achieve the desired 1 MT yield, the implosion had to be extremely symmetrical,... | 557 | Blue Steel (missile) | 2 |
4,777 | # Blue Steel (missile)
## Development
### Delays
Avro began work proper in 1955, with the assigned Rainbow Code name of \"Blue Steel\" which it would keep in service. With Elliots working on the guidance system, Armstrong Siddeley would develop the liquid fuel engine. The design period was protracted, with various de... | 902 | Blue Steel (missile) | 3 |
4,777 | # Blue Steel (missile)
## Specifications
- **Length**: 10.7 m
- **Wingspan**: 4 m
- **Diameter**: 1.22 m minimum
- **Launch Weight**: 7270 lb
- **Speed**: Mach 2.3
- **Ceiling**: 21500 m
- **Maximum Range**: 240 km
- **Guidance**: Inertial
- **CEP**: \~100 metres
- **Warhead**: Red Snow thermonucl... | 50 | Blue Steel (missile) | 4 |
4,779 | # Burwash Hall
**Burwash Hall** refers to both Burwash Dining Hall and Burwash Hall proper, the second oldest of the residence buildings at Victoria University in Toronto, Canada. Construction began in 1911 and was completed in 1913. It was named after Nathanael Burwash, president of Victoria from 1887 to 1912. The bu... | 552 | Burwash Hall | 0 |
4,779 | # Burwash Hall
## Upper Houses {#upper_houses}
Adjoined to Burwash Dining Hall and completed in 1913, the upper houses were originally known as the *Men\'s Residences.* The four houses are: **North House**, **Middle House**, **Gate House**, and **South House**. The upper houses were gutted and renovated in 1995.
Eac... | 1,065 | Burwash Hall | 1 |
4,779 | # Burwash Hall
## Lower Houses {#lower_houses}
The Lower Houses, originally the *Emmanuel College Residences,* were intended to house theology students at Emmanuel College, whose current building was opened the same year. **Ryerson House** (renamed to **First House** in 2021), **Nelles House**, **Caven House**, **Bow... | 837 | Burwash Hall | 2 |
4,789 | # Behistun Inscription
The **Behistun Inscription** (also **Bisotun**, **Bisitun** or **Bisutun**; *بیستون*, Old Persian: **Bagastana**, meaning \"the place of god\") is a multilingual Achaemenid royal inscription and large rock relief on a cliff at Mount Behistun in the Kermanshah Province of Iran, near the city of K... | 814 | Behistun Inscription | 0 |
4,789 | # Behistun Inscription
## Later research and activity {#later_research_and_activity}
The site was visited by the American linguist A. V. Williams Jackson in 1903. Later expeditions, in 1904 sponsored by the British Museum and led by Leonard William King and Reginald Campbell Thompson and in 1948 by George G. Cameron ... | 780 | Behistun Inscription | 1 |
4,794 | # Baralong incidents
The ***Baralong*** **incidents** were two incidents during the First World War in August and September 1915, involving the Royal Navy Q-ship `{{HMS|Baralong}}`{=mediawiki} and two German U-boats. *Baralong* sank `{{SMU|U-27|Germany|2}}`{=mediawiki}, which had been attacking a nearby merchant ship,... | 1,149 | Baralong incidents | 0 |
4,794 | # Baralong incidents
## First incident {#first_incident}
### German memorandum {#german_memorandum}
The German government delivered a memorandum on the incident via the American ambassador in Berlin, who received it on 6 December 1915. In it, they cited six US citizens as witnesses, stating they had made sworn deposi... | 436 | Baralong incidents | 1 |
4,794 | # Baralong incidents
## Second incident {#second_incident}
### Action of 24 September 1915 {#action_of_24_september_1915}
On 24 September 1915, *Baralong* sank the U-boat `{{SMU|U-41|Germany|2}}`{=mediawiki}, for which its commanding officer at the time, Lieutenant-Commander Andrew Wilmot-Smith was awarded the DSO, ... | 352 | Baralong incidents | 2 |
4,797 | # Bob Young (businessman)
**Robert Young** (born 1953/1954) is a businessman who is best known for founding Red Hat Inc., the open source software company. He owns the franchises for Forge FC of the Canadian Premier League as well as the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League for which he is self-styled c... | 372 | Bob Young (businessman) | 0 |
4,816 | # Biosphere
The **biosphere** (`{{etymology|grc|''{{Wikt-lang|grc|βίος}}'' ({{grc-transl|βίος}})|life||''{{Wikt-lang|grc|σφαῖρα}}'' ({{grc-transl|σφαῖρα}})|sphere}}`{=mediawiki}), also called the **ecosphere** (`{{etymology|grc|''{{Wikt-lang|grc|οἶκος}}'' ({{grc-transl|οἶκος}})|settlement, house||''{{Wikt-lang|grc|σφα... | 425 | Biosphere | 0 |
4,816 | # Biosphere
## Earth\'s biosphere {#earths_biosphere}
### Overview
Currently, the total number of living cells on the Earth is estimated to be 10^30^; the total number since the beginning of Earth, as 10^40^, and the total number for the entire time of a habitable planet Earth as 10^41^. This is much larger than the... | 879 | Biosphere | 1 |
4,816 | # Biosphere
## Extraterrestrial biospheres {#extraterrestrial_biospheres}
No biospheres have been detected beyond the Earth; therefore, the existence of extraterrestrial biospheres remains hypothetical. The rare Earth hypothesis suggests they should be very rare, save ones composed of microbial life only. On the othe... | 147 | Biosphere | 2 |
4,827 | # Biomedical engineering
**Biomedical engineering** (**BME**) or **medical engineering** is the application of engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare applications (e.g., diagnostic or therapeutic purposes). BME also integrates the logical sciences to advance health care treat... | 922 | Biomedical engineering | 0 |
4,827 | # Biomedical engineering
## Genetic engineering {#genetic_engineering}
### Pharmaceutical engineering {#pharmaceutical_engineering}
Pharmaceutical engineering is an interdisciplinary science that includes drug engineering, novel drug delivery and targeting, pharmaceutical technology, unit operations of chemical engin... | 62 | Biomedical engineering | 1 |
4,827 | # Biomedical engineering
## Hospital and medical devices {#hospital_and_medical_devices}
This is an *extremely broad category*---essentially covering all health care products that do not achieve their intended results through predominantly chemical (e.g., pharmaceuticals) or biological (e.g., vaccines) means, and do ... | 740 | Biomedical engineering | 2 |
4,827 | # Biomedical engineering
## Clinical engineering {#clinical_engineering}
Clinical engineering is the branch of biomedical engineering dealing with the actual implementation of medical equipment and technologies in hospitals or other clinical settings. Major roles of clinical engineers include training and supervising... | 282 | Biomedical engineering | 3 |
4,827 | # Biomedical engineering
## Rehabilitation engineering {#rehabilitation_engineering}
**Rehabilitation engineering** is the systematic application of engineering sciences to design, develop, adapt, test, evaluate, apply, and distribute technological solutions to problems confronted by individuals with disabilities. Fu... | 1,147 | Biomedical engineering | 4 |
4,827 | # Biomedical engineering
## Regulatory issues {#regulatory_issues}
### IEC 60601 {#iec_60601}
The new International Standard IEC 60601 for home healthcare electro-medical devices defining the requirements for devices used in the home healthcare environment. IEC 60601-1-11 (2010) must now be incorporated into the desi... | 224 | Biomedical engineering | 5 |
4,827 | # Biomedical engineering
## Training and certification {#training_and_certification}
### Education
Biomedical engineers require considerable knowledge of both engineering and biology, and typically have a Bachelor\'s (B.Sc., B.S., B.Eng. or B.S.E.) or Master\'s (M.S., M.Sc., M.S.E., or M.Eng.) or a doctoral (Ph.D., ... | 710 | Biomedical engineering | 6 |
4,827 | # Biomedical engineering
## Training and certification {#training_and_certification}
### Licensure/certification
As with other learned professions, each state has certain (fairly similar) requirements for becoming licensed as a registered Professional Engineer (PE), but, in US, in industry such a license is not requi... | 398 | Biomedical engineering | 7 |
4,827 | # Biomedical engineering
## Career prospects {#career_prospects}
In 2012 there were about 19,400 biomedical engineers employed in the US, and the field was predicted to grow by 5% (faster than average) from 2012 to 2022. Biomedical engineering has the highest percentage of female engineers compared to other common en... | 546 | Biomedical engineering | 8 |
4,832 | # Bombay Sapphire
**Bombay Sapphire** is a brand of gin that is distilled by the **Bombay Spirits Company**, a subsidiary company of Bacardi, at Laverstoke Mill in the village of Laverstoke in the English county of Hampshire.
The brand was first launched in 1986 by English wine-merchant International Distillers & Vin... | 825 | Bombay Sapphire | 0 |
4,832 | # Bombay Sapphire
## Evaluation
Bombay Sapphire has been reviewed by several outside spirits ratings organisations to various degrees of success. Recently, it was awarded a score of 92 (on a 100-point scale) from the Beverage Testing Institute. Ratings aggregator Proof66.com categorizes the Sapphire as a Tier 2 spiri... | 54 | Bombay Sapphire | 1 |
4,834 | # Badtrans
**BadTrans** is a malicious Microsoft Windows computer worm distributed by e-mail. Because of a known vulnerability in older versions of Internet Explorer (CVE-2001-0154), some email programs, such as Microsoft\'s Outlook Express and Microsoft Outlook programs, may install and execute the worm as soon as th... | 231 | Badtrans | 0 |
4,861 | # Bolventor
**Bolventor** (*Bedhashardh*) is a hamlet on Bodmin Moor in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated in Altarnun civil parish between Launceston and Bodmin.
## Toponymy
The hamlet has been said to take its name from the \"Bold Venture\" that it must have appeared to build a farm in this moorland... | 376 | Bolventor | 0 |
4,865 | # Roman Breviary
The **Roman Breviary** (Latin: *Breviarium Romanum*) is a breviary of the Roman Rite in the Catholic Church. A liturgical book, it contains public or canonical prayers, hymns, the Psalms, readings, and notations for everyday use, especially by bishops, priests, and deacons in the Divine Office (i.e., ... | 601 | Roman Breviary | 0 |
4,865 | # Roman Breviary
## History
### Early history {#early_history}
The canonical hours of the Breviary owe their remote origin to the Old Covenant when God commanded the Aaronic priests to offer morning and evening sacrifices. Other inspiration may have come from David\'s words in the Psalms \"Seven times a day I praise... | 417 | Roman Breviary | 1 |
4,865 | # Roman Breviary
## History
### Medieval breviaries {#medieval_breviaries}
The Breviary proper only dates from the 11th century; the earliest manuscript containing the whole canonical office is of the year 1099, and is in the Mazarin library. Gregory VII (pope 1073--1085), too, simplified the liturgy as performed at ... | 374 | Roman Breviary | 2 |
4,865 | # Roman Breviary
## History
### Early printed editions {#early_printed_editions}
Before the advent of printing, breviaries were written by hand and were often richly decorated with initials and miniature illustrations telling stories in the lives of Christ or the saints, or stories from the Bible. Later printed brevi... | 377 | Roman Breviary | 3 |
4,865 | # Roman Breviary
## History
### Early modern reforms {#early_modern_reforms}
Until the Council of Trent (1545--1563) and the Catholic Counter-Reformation, every bishop had full power to regulate the Breviary of his own diocese; and this was acted upon almost everywhere. Each monastic community, also, had one of its o... | 492 | Roman Breviary | 4 |
4,865 | # Roman Breviary
## History
### Later modern reforms {#later_modern_reforms}
During the pontificate of Pius IX, a strong Ultramontane movement arose against the French breviaries of 1680 and 1736. This was inaugurated by Montalembert, but its literary advocates were chiefly Prosper Guéranger, abbot of the Benedictine... | 528 | Roman Breviary | 5 |
4,865 | # Roman Breviary
## Contents of the Roman Breviary {#contents_of_the_roman_breviary}
At the beginning stands the usual introductory matter, such as the tables for determining the date of Easter, the calendar, and the general rubrics. The Breviary itself is divided into four seasonal parts---winter, spring, summer, au... | 677 | Roman Breviary | 6 |
4,865 | # Roman Breviary
## Elements of the Hours {#elements_of_the_hours}
It has already been indicated, by reference to Matins, Lauds, &c., that not only each day, but each part of the day, has its own office, the day being divided into liturgical \"hours.\" A detailed account of these will be found in the article Canonica... | 654 | Roman Breviary | 7 |
4,865 | # Roman Breviary
## Celebration
Before 1910, the difficulty of harmonizing the *Proprium de Tempore* and the *Proprium Sanctorum*, to which reference has been made, was only partly met in the thirty-seven chapters of general rubrics. Additional help was given by a kind of Catholic Churchman\'s Almanack, called the *O... | 544 | Roman Breviary | 8 |
4,865 | # Roman Breviary
## Editions
- 1482\. *Breviarium Romanum*. Albi, Johann Neumeister.
- 1494\. *Breviarium Romanum*, Lyon, Perrinus Lathomi, Bonifacius Johannis & Johannes de Villa Veteri.
- 1502, *Breviarium secundum comunem usus Romanum*, Paris, Thielman Kerver.
- 1508\. *Breviarium secundum consuetudinem Ro... | 470 | Roman Breviary | 9 |
4,881 | # Bachelor
A **bachelor** is a man who is not and never has been married.
## Etymology
A bachelor is first attested as the 12th-century *bacheler*: a knight bachelor, a knight too young or poor to gather vassals under his own banner. The Old French **bacheler** presumably derives from Provençal **bacalar** and Itali... | 866 | Bachelor | 0 |
4,906 | # Beta sheet
`{{Alpha beta structure}}`{=mediawiki} The **beta sheet** (**β-sheet**, also **β-pleated sheet**) is a common motif of the regular protein secondary structure. Beta sheets consist of **beta strands** (**β-strands**) connected laterally by at least two or three backbone hydrogen bonds, forming a generally ... | 478 | Beta sheet | 0 |
4,906 | # Beta sheet
## Structure and orientation {#structure_and_orientation}
### Hydrogen bonding patterns {#hydrogen_bonding_patterns}
Because peptide chains have a directionality conferred by their N-terminus and C-terminus, β-strands too can be said to be directional. They are usually represented in protein topology dia... | 616 | Beta sheet | 1 |
4,906 | # Beta sheet
## Common structural motifs {#common_structural_motifs}
thumb\|right\|upright=0.6\|The β-hairpin motif
### β-hairpin motif {#β_hairpin_motif}
A very simple structural motif involving β-strands is the β-hairpin, in which two antiparallel strands are linked by a short loop of two to five residues, of whi... | 440 | Beta sheet | 2 |
4,906 | # Beta sheet
## Structural architectures of proteins with β-sheets {#structural_architectures_of_proteins_with_β_sheets}
β-sheets are present in all-β, α+β and α/β domains, and in many peptides or small proteins with poorly defined overall architecture. All-β domains may form β-barrels, β-sandwiches, β-prisms, β-prop... | 656 | Beta sheet | 3 |
4,910 | # Beryl
**Beryl** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ɛr|əl}}`{=mediawiki} `{{respell|BERR|əl}}`{=mediawiki}) is a mineral composed of beryllium aluminium silicate with the chemical formula Be~3~Al~2~(SiO~3~)~6~. Well-known varieties of beryl include emerald and aquamarine. Naturally occurring hexagonal crystals of beryl can be up to sev... | 552 | Beryl | 0 |
4,910 | # Beryl
## Varieties
### Aquamarine and maxixe {#aquamarine_and_maxixe}
Aquamarine (from *aqua marina*, \"sea water\") is a blue or cyan variety of beryl. It occurs at most localities which yield ordinary beryl. The gem-gravel placer deposits of Sri Lanka contain aquamarine. Green-yellow beryl, such as that occurrin... | 790 | Beryl | 1 |
4,910 | # Beryl
## Varieties
### Morganite
Morganite, also known as \"pink beryl\", \"rose beryl\", \"pink emerald\" (which is not a legal term according to the new Federal Trade Commission Guidelines and Regulations), and \"cesian (or *caesian*) beryl\", is a rare light pink to rose-colored gem-quality variety of beryl. Ora... | 385 | Beryl | 2 |
4,913 | # Black Russian
The **Black Russian** is a cocktail of vodka and coffee liqueur. It contains 50 ml vodka and 20 ml coffee liqueur, per IBA specified ingredients.
The drink is made by pouring the vodka and coffee liqueur over ice cubes or cracked ice in an old-fashioned glass and stirring. The Black Russian is often g... | 317 | Black Russian | 0 |
4,915 | # Bunnies & Burrows
***Bunnies & Burrows*** (***B&B***) is a role-playing game (RPG) inspired by the 1972 novel *Watership Down*. Published by Fantasy Games Unlimited in 1976, the game is centered on intelligent rabbits. It introduced several innovations to role-playing game design, being the first game to encourage p... | 787 | Bunnies & Burrows | 0 |
4,915 | # Bunnies & Burrows
## Reception
Steve Jackson reviewed *Bunnies & Burrows* in *The Space Gamer* No. 10. He concluded that \"*B & B* is probably worth the retail price \[\...\] at least to a FRP fan. The writing style is intelligent, lucid, and occasionally witty; the rules are workable \[\...\] the art, as I think I... | 332 | Bunnies & Burrows | 1 |
4,916 | # Bundaberg Rum
**Bundaberg Rum**, colloquially known as **Bundy**, is a dark rum owned by Diageo. It is produced in Bundaberg East, Queensland, Australia, by the **Bundaberg Distilling Company**. In 2010, the Bundaberg Distilling Company was inducted into the Queensland Business Leaders Hall of Fame.
## History
Bun... | 788 | Bundaberg Rum | 0 |
4,916 | # Bundaberg Rum
## Sponsorship
Bundaberg Rum is a major sponsor of the Australian Wallabies rugby union team and also sponsors the Bundaberg Rum Rugby Series. Bundaberg is also a sponsor of the NSW Waratahs. Bundaberg Rum sponsored the rugby league ANZAC Test till 2009. Bundaberg Rum signed a 5-year deal with the NRL... | 229 | Bundaberg Rum | 1 |
4,924 | # Bunsen burner
A **Bunsen burner**, named after Robert Bunsen, is a kind of ambient air gas burner used as laboratory equipment; it produces a single open gas flame, and is used for heating, sterilization, and combustion.
The gas can be natural gas (which is mainly methane) or a liquefied petroleum gas, such as prop... | 321 | Bunsen burner | 0 |
4,924 | # Bunsen burner
## Operation
The device in use today safely burns a continuous stream of a flammable gas such as natural gas (which is principally methane) or a liquefied petroleum gas such as propane, butane, or a mixture of both.
The hose barb is connected to a gas nozzle on the laboratory bench with rubber tubing... | 748 | Bunsen burner | 1 |
4,927 | # Bolsheviks
The **Bolsheviks**, led by Vladimir Lenin, were a radical faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Mensheviks at the Second Party Congress in 1903. The Bolshevik party, formally established in 1912, seized power in Russia in the October Revolution of 1917,... | 346 | Bolsheviks | 0 |
4,927 | # Bolsheviks
## History of the split {#history_of_the_split}
### Vladimir Lenin\'s ideology in *What Is to Be Done?* {#vladimir_lenins_ideology_in_what_is_to_be_done}
Lenin\'s political pamphlet *What Is to Be Done?*, written in 1901, helped to precipitate the Bolsheviks\' split from the Mensheviks. In Germany, the ... | 1,019 | Bolsheviks | 1 |
4,927 | # Bolsheviks
## History of the split {#history_of_the_split}
### Demographics of the two factions {#demographics_of_the_two_factions}
The average party member was very young: in 1907, 22% of Bolsheviks were under 20 years of age; 37% were 20--24 years of age; and 16% were 25--29 years of age. By 1905, 62% of the memb... | 989 | Bolsheviks | 2 |
4,927 | # Bolsheviks
## History of the split {#history_of_the_split}
### Forming a separate party (1912) {#forming_a_separate_party_1912}
The factions permanently broke relations in January 1912 after the Bolsheviks organised a Bolsheviks-only Prague Party Conference and formally expelled Mensheviks and recallists from the p... | 777 | Bolsheviks | 3 |
4,927 | # Bolsheviks
## Derogatory usage of \"Bolshevik\" {#derogatory_usage_of_bolshevik}
**Bolo** was a derogatory expression for Bolsheviks used by British service personnel in the North Russian Expeditionary Force which intervened against the Red Army during the Russian Civil War. Adolf Hitler, Joseph Goebbels, and other... | 114 | Bolsheviks | 4 |
4,928 | # Battle of Świecino
The **Battle of Świecino** (named for the village of Świecino, near Żarnowiec Lake, northern Poland) also called the **Battle of Żarnowiec** or in German **Die Schlacht bei Schwetz**, took place on September 17, 1462, during the Thirteen Years\' War. The Polish forces, commanded by Piotr Dunin and... | 694 | Battle of Świecino | 0 |
4,934 | # Basic English
**Basic English** (a backronym for **British American Scientific International and Commercial English**) is a controlled language based on standard English, but with a greatly simplified vocabulary and grammar. It was created by the linguist and philosopher Charles Kay Ogden as an international auxilia... | 588 | Basic English | 0 |
4,934 | # Basic English
## Rules
Basic English includes a simple grammar for modifying or combining its 850 words to talk about additional meanings (morphological derivation or inflection). The grammar is based on English, but simplified.
- Plural nouns are formed by adding *-s* or related forms, as in *drinks*, *boxes*, ... | 278 | Basic English | 1 |
4,934 | # Basic English
## Criticism
Like all international auxiliary languages (or IALs), Basic English may be criticised as inevitably based on personal preferences, and is thus, paradoxically, inherently divisive. Moreover, like all natural-language-based IALs, Basic is subject to criticism as unfairly biased towards the ... | 329 | Basic English | 2 |
4,947 | # Bézout's identity
In mathematics, **Bézout\'s identity** (also called **Bézout\'s lemma**), named after Étienne Bézout who proved it for polynomials, is the following theorem: `{{math_theorem
| name = Bézout's identity
| math_statement = Let {{math|''a''}} and {{math|''b''}} be [[integer]]s with [[greatest common di... | 656 | Bézout's identity | 0 |
4,947 | # Bézout's identity
## Existence proof {#existence_proof}
Given any nonzero integers `{{mvar|a}}`{=mediawiki} and `{{mvar|b}}`{=mediawiki}, let `{{math|1=''S'' = {{mset|''ax'' + ''by'' | ''x'', ''y'' ∈ '''Z''' and ''ax'' + ''by'' > 0}}}}`{=mediawiki}. The set `{{mvar|S}}`{=mediawiki} is nonempty since it contains eit... | 283 | Bézout's identity | 1 |
4,947 | # Bézout's identity
## Generalizations
### For three or more integers {#for_three_or_more_integers}
Bézout\'s identity can be extended to more than two integers: if $\gcd(a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n) = d$ then there are integers $x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n$ such that $d = a_1 x_1 + a_2 x_2 + \cdots + a_n x_n$ has the following... | 413 | Bézout's identity | 2 |
4,955 | # Bokken
A ***bokken*** (*木剣\]\]*, `{{Transliteration|ja|bok(u)}}`{=mediawiki}, \'wood\', and *ken*, \'(double-edged) sword\') or ***bokutō*** (*木刀\]\]*, `{{Transliteration|ja|boku}}`{=mediawiki}, \'wood\', and *tō*, \'(single-edged) sword\') is a Japanese wooden sword used for training in kenjutsu. It is usually the ... | 521 | Bokken | 0 |
4,955 | # Bokken
## Usage
The *bokken* is used as an inexpensive and relatively safe substitute for a real sword in several martial arts such as *aikido*, *kendo*, *iaido*, *kenjutsu*, and *jodo*. Its simple wooden construction demands less care and maintenance than a katana. Training with a *bokken* does not carry the same ... | 522 | Bokken | 1 |
4,961 | # Bovril
**Bovril** is a thick and salty meat extract paste, similar to a yeast extract, developed in the 1870s by John Lawson Johnston. It is sold in a distinctive bulbous jar and as cubes and granules. Its appearance is similar to the British Marmite and its Australian equivalent Vegemite. Bovril is owned and distri... | 711 | Bovril | 0 |
4,961 | # Bovril
## Cultural significance {#cultural_significance}
Bovril was promoted as a superfood in the early 20th century. Advertisements recommended people to dilute it into a tea or spread it on their morning toast. Some adverts even claimed that Bovril could protect one from influenza.
Bovril jars are commonly exca... | 255 | Bovril | 1 |
4,967 | # Blackwood convention
In the partnership card game contract bridge, the **Blackwood convention** is a bidding convention developed by Easley Blackwood in 1933 and still widely used in the modern game. Its purpose is to enable the partnership to explore its possession of aces, kings and in some variants, the queen of ... | 739 | Blackwood convention | 0 |
4,967 | # Blackwood convention
## Variations based on 4NT as asking {#variations_based_on_4nt_as_asking}
Several versions of Blackwood are available: Standard Blackwood, Roman Blackwood and Roman Key Card Blackwood (RKC or RKCB). All versions are initiated by a bid of four notrump (4NT), and the entire family of conventions ... | 728 | Blackwood convention | 1 |
4,967 | # Blackwood convention
## Variations based on 4NT as asking {#variations_based_on_4nt_as_asking}
### Roman Key Card Blackwood (RKCB) {#roman_key_card_blackwood_rkcb}
Roman Key Card Blackwood (RKCB) has largely replaced the standard version among tournament players. It developed from the *Roman Blackwood* variant (see... | 474 | Blackwood convention | 2 |
4,967 | # Blackwood convention
## Variations based on 4NT as asking {#variations_based_on_4nt_as_asking}
### Key Card Blackwood (KCB) {#key_card_blackwood_kcb}
A half-way house between standard Blackwood and RKCB is Keycard Blackwood. Again there are five key cards, including the trump king, but unlike RKCB, the queen of tru... | 103 | Blackwood convention | 3 |
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