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7,519 | # Convolution
## Domain of definition {#domain_of_definition}
The convolution of two complex-valued functions on `{{math|'''R'''<sup>''d''</sup>}}`{=mediawiki} is itself a complex-valued function on `{{math|'''R'''<sup>''d''</sup>}}`{=mediawiki}, defined by:
$$(f * g )(x) = \int_{\mathbf{R}^d} f(y)g(x-y)\,dy = \int_... | 780 | Convolution | 5 |
7,519 | # Convolution
## Properties
### Algebraic properties {#algebraic_properties}
The convolution defines a product on the linear space of integrable functions. This product satisfies the following algebraic properties, which formally mean that the space of integrable functions with the product given by convolution is a ... | 938 | Convolution | 6 |
7,519 | # Convolution
## Properties
### Translational equivariance {#translational_equivariance}
The convolution commutes with translations, meaning that
: $\tau_x (f * g) = (\tau_x f) * g = f * (\tau_x g)$
where τ~*x*~f is the translation of the function *f* by *x* defined by
: $(\tau_x f)(y) = f(y - x).$
If *f* is ... | 289 | Convolution | 7 |
7,519 | # Convolution
## Convolutions on groups {#convolutions_on_groups}
If *G* is a suitable group endowed with a measure λ, and if *f* and *g* are real or complex valued integrable functions on *G*, then we can define their convolution by
$$(f * g)(x) = \int_G f(y) g\left(y^{-1}x\right)\,d\lambda(y).$$
It is not commuta... | 430 | Convolution | 8 |
7,519 | # Convolution
## Convolution of measures {#convolution_of_measures}
Let *G* be a (multiplicatively written) topological group. If μ and ν are Radon measures on *G*, then their convolution *μ*∗*ν* is defined as the pushforward measure of the group action and can be written as $$(\mu * \nu)(E) = \iint 1_E(xy) \,d\mu(x)... | 394 | Convolution | 9 |
7,519 | # Convolution
## Applications
Convolution and related operations are found in many applications in science, engineering and mathematics.
- Convolutional neural networks apply multiple cascaded *convolution* kernels with applications in machine vision and artificial intelligence. Though these are actually **cross-c... | 629 | Convolution | 10 |
7,521 | # Calico
**Calico** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|æ|l|ɪ|k|oʊ}}`{=mediawiki}; in British usage since 1505) is a heavy plain-woven textile made from unbleached, and often not fully processed, cotton. It may also contain unseparated husk parts. The fabric is far coarser than muslin, but less coarse and thick than canvas or denim. Howe... | 491 | Calico | 0 |
7,521 | # Calico
## History
### Calico printing {#calico_printing}
Early Indian chintz, that is, glazed calico with a large floral pattern, was primarily produced using painting techniques. Later, the hues were applied by wooden blocks, and the cloth manufacturers in Britain printed calico using wooden block printing. Calico... | 488 | Calico | 1 |
7,530 | # Cro-hook
The **cro-hook** is a special double-ended crochet hook used to make double-sided crochet. It employs the use of a long double-ended hook, which permits the maker to work stitches on or off from either end. Because the hook has two ends, two alternating colors of thread can be used simultaneously and freely... | 101 | Cro-hook | 0 |
7,538 | # Checksum
A **checksum** is a small-sized block of data derived from another block of digital data for the purpose of detecting errors that may have been introduced during its transmission or storage. By themselves, checksums are often used to verify data integrity but are not relied upon to verify data authenticity.... | 278 | Checksum | 0 |
7,538 | # Checksum
## Algorithms
### Parity byte or parity word {#parity_byte_or_parity_word}
The simplest checksum algorithm is the so-called longitudinal parity check, which breaks the data into \"words\" with a fixed number `{{math|''n''}}`{=mediawiki} of bits, and then computes the bitwise exclusive or (XOR) of all thos... | 680 | Checksum | 1 |
7,546 | # Camelot
**Camelot** is a legendary castle and court associated with King Arthur. Absent in the early Arthurian material, Camelot first appeared in 12th-century French romances and, since the Lancelot-Grail cycle, eventually came to be described as the fantastic capital of Arthur\'s realm and a symbol of the Arthuria... | 377 | Camelot | 0 |
7,546 | # Camelot
## Medieval literature {#medieval_literature}
Arthur\'s court at Camelot is mentioned for the first time in Chrétien\'s poem *Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart*, dating to the 1170s, though it does not appear in all the manuscripts. In the C manuscript (Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, fonds français... | 800 | Camelot | 1 |
7,546 | # Camelot
## Identifications
Arthurian scholar Norris J. Lacy commented that \"Camelot, located nowhere in particular, can be anywhere.\" The romancers\' versions of Camelot draw on earlier traditions of Arthur\'s fabulous court. The Celliwig of *Culhwch and Olwen* appears in the Welsh Triads as well; this early Wels... | 793 | Camelot | 2 |
7,546 | # Camelot
## Modern culture {#modern_culture}
Camelot has become a permanent fixture in modern interpretations of the Arthurian legend. The symbolism of Camelot so impressed Alfred, Lord Tennyson that he wrote up a prose sketch on the castle as one of his earliest attempts to treat the legend. Modern stories typicall... | 357 | Camelot | 3 |
7,572 | # Christian alternative rock
**Christian alternative rock** is a form of alternative rock music that is lyrically grounded in a Christian worldview. Some critics have suggested that unlike CCM and older Christian rock, Christian alternative rock generally emphasizes musical style over lyrical content as a defining gen... | 228 | Christian alternative rock | 0 |
7,597 | # Processor design
**Processor design** is a subfield of computer science and computer engineering (fabrication) that deals with creating a processor, a key component of computer hardware.
The design process involves choosing an instruction set and a certain execution paradigm (e.g. VLIW or RISC) and results in a mic... | 374 | Processor design | 0 |
7,597 | # Processor design
## Details
### Implementation logic {#implementation_logic}
Device types used to implement the logic include:
- Individual vacuum tubes, individual transistors and semiconductor diodes, and transistor-transistor logic small-scale integration logic chips -- no longer used for CPUs
- Programmabl... | 705 | Processor design | 1 |
7,597 | # Processor design
## Markets
There are several different markets in which CPUs are used. Since each of these markets differ in their requirements for CPUs, the devices designed for one market are in most cases inappropriate for the other markets.
### General-purpose computing {#general_purpose_computing}
, in the ... | 921 | Processor design | 2 |
7,598 | # Carinatae
**Carinatae** is the group of all birds and their extinct relatives to possess a keel, or \"carina\", on the underside of the breastbone used to anchor large flight muscles.
## Definition
Traditionally, Carinatae were defined as all birds whose sternum (breast bone) has a keel (*carina*). The keel is a s... | 265 | Carinatae | 0 |
7,607 | # Collagen helix
In molecular biology, the **collagen triple helix** or **type-2 helix** is the main secondary structure of various types of fibrous collagen, including type I collagen. In 1954, Ramachandran & Kartha (13, 14) advanced a structure for the collagen triple helix on the basis of fiber diffraction data. It... | 392 | Collagen helix | 0 |
7,609 | # Cosmic censorship hypothesis
The weak and the strong **cosmic censorship hypotheses** are two mathematical conjectures about the structure of gravitational singularities arising in general relativity.
Singularities that arise in the solutions of Einstein\'s equations are typically hidden within event horizons, and ... | 705 | Cosmic censorship hypothesis | 0 |
7,609 | # Cosmic censorship hypothesis
## Problems with the concept {#problems_with_the_concept}
There are a number of difficulties in formalizing the hypothesis:
- There are technical difficulties with properly formalizing the notion of a singularity.
- It is not difficult to construct spacetimes which have naked singu... | 286 | Cosmic censorship hypothesis | 1 |
7,612 | # Christopher Alexander
**Christopher Wolfgang John Alexander** (4 October 1936 -- 17 March 2022) was an Austrian-born British-American architect and design theorist. He was an emeritus professor at the University of California, Berkeley. His theories about the nature of human-centered design have affected fields beyo... | 770 | Christopher Alexander | 0 |
7,612 | # Christopher Alexander
## Career
### Author
*The Timeless Way of Building* (1979) described the perfection of use to which buildings could aspire: `{{blockquote|There is one timeless way of building. It is a thousand years old, and the same today as it has ever been. The great traditional buildings of the past, the... | 1,321 | Christopher Alexander | 1 |
7,612 | # Christopher Alexander
## Career
### Teaching
In addition to his lengthy teaching career as a professor at UC Berkeley (during which a number of international students began to appreciate and apply his methods), Alexander was a key faculty member at both The Prince of Wales\'s Summer Schools in Civil Architecture (1... | 86 | Christopher Alexander | 2 |
7,612 | # Christopher Alexander
## Influence
### Architecture
Alexander\'s work has widely influenced architects; among those who acknowledge his influence are Sarah Susanka, Andres Duany, and Witold Rybczynski. Robert Campbell, the Pulitzer Prize-winning architecture critic for the *Boston Globe*, stated that Alexander \"h... | 751 | Christopher Alexander | 3 |
7,614 | # Clabbers
**Clabbers** is a game played by tournament Scrabble players for fun, or occasionally at Scrabble variant tournaments. The name derives from the fact that the words CLABBERS and SCRABBLE form an anagram pair.
## Rules
The rules are identical to those of Scrabble, except that valid plays are only required ... | 197 | Clabbers | 0 |
7,617 | # Corum Jhaelen Irsei
**Corum Jhaelen Irsei** (known also as \"the Prince in the Scarlet Robe\" and \"Corum of the Silver Hand\") is a fictional fantasy hero in a series of novels written by Michael Moorcock. The character was introduced in the novel *The Knight of Swords*, published in 1971. This was followed by two ... | 545 | Corum Jhaelen Irsei | 0 |
7,617 | # Corum Jhaelen Irsei
## Collections
### *The Swords* Trilogy {#the_swords_trilogy}
This trilogy consists of *The Knight of the Swords* (1971), *The Queen of the Swords* (1971), and *The King of the Swords* (1971). In the United Kingdom it has been collected as an omnibus edition titled *Corum*, *Swords of Corum* an... | 1,175 | Corum Jhaelen Irsei | 1 |
7,617 | # Corum Jhaelen Irsei
## Collections
### *The Silver Hand* Trilogy {#the_silver_hand_trilogy}
This trilogy consists of *The Bull and the Spear* (1973), *The Oak and the Ram* (1973), and *The Sword and the Stallion* (1974). It was titled *The Prince with the Silver Hand* in the United Kingdom and *The Chronicles of Co... | 493 | Corum Jhaelen Irsei | 2 |
7,617 | # Corum Jhaelen Irsei
## Awards
The August Derleth Award won by:
- *The Knight of the Swords* - won in 1972
- *The King of the Swords* - won in 1973
- *The Sword and the Stallion* - won in 1975
## In other media {#in_other_media}
### Comics
First Comics published *The Chronicles of Corum*, a twelve issue li... | 176 | Corum Jhaelen Irsei | 3 |
7,628 | # Christine de Pizan
**Christine de Pizan** or **Pisan** (`{{IPA|fr|kʁistin də pizɑ̃|lang|Fr-Christine De Pisan.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{IPA|frm|krisˈtinə də piˈzã|lang}}`{=mediawiki}; born **Cristina da Pizzano**; September 1364 -- `{{c.|1430}}`{=mediawiki}), was an Italian-born French court writer for King Charles VI ... | 1,385 | Christine de Pizan | 0 |
7,628 | # Christine de Pizan
## Life
### Civil war (1405--1430) {#civil_war_14051430}
In the beginning of 1405, France was on the verge of a full-scale civil war. In 1407 John I of Burgundy, also known as John the Fearless, plunged France into a crisis when he ordered the assassination of Louis of Orléans. The Duke of Burgun... | 907 | Christine de Pizan | 1 |
7,628 | # Christine de Pizan
## Works
thumb\|300px\|right\|upright=1.2\|Illumination from *The Book of the City of Ladies*. Christine is shown before the personifications of Rectitude, Reason, and Justice in her study, and working alongside Justice to build the \'Cité des dames\'. Christine produced a large number of vernacu... | 804 | Christine de Pizan | 2 |
7,628 | # Christine de Pizan
## Legacy
### Early French influence {#early_french_influence}
Christine published 41 known pieces of poetry and prose in her lifetime and she gained fame across Europe as the first professional woman writer. She achieved such credibility that royalty commissioned her prose and contemporary inte... | 792 | Christine de Pizan | 3 |
7,635 | # Charles F. Hockett
**Charles Francis Hockett** (January 17, 1916 -- November 3, 2000) was an American linguist who developed many influential ideas in American structuralist linguistics. He represents the post-Bloomfieldian phase of structuralism often referred to as \"distributionalism\" or \"taxonomic structuralis... | 587 | Charles F. Hockett | 0 |
7,635 | # Charles F. Hockett
## Key contributions {#key_contributions}
### Criticisms of Noam Chomsky and the Generative Programme {#criticisms_of_noam_chomsky_and_the_generative_programme}
Hockett was initially receptive to Generative grammar, hailing Chomsky\'s Syntactic Structures as \"one of only four major breakthrough... | 623 | Charles F. Hockett | 1 |
7,635 | # Charles F. Hockett
## Key contributions {#key_contributions}
### Design features of language {#design_features_of_language}
One of Hockett\'s most important contributions was his development of the design-feature approach to comparative linguistics. He attempted to distinguish the similarities and differences among... | 900 | Charles F. Hockett | 2 |
7,635 | # Charles F. Hockett
## Key contributions {#key_contributions}
### Later additions to the features {#later_additions_to_the_features}
In a report published in 1968 with anthropologist and scientist Stuart A. Altmann, Hockett derived three more Design Features, bringing the total to 16. These are the additional three:... | 579 | Charles F. Hockett | 3 |
7,635 | # Charles F. Hockett
## Selected works {#selected_works}
- 1939: \"Potowatomi Syntax\", *Language* 15: 235--248.
- 1942: \"A System of Descriptive Phonology\", *Language* 18: 3-21.
- 1944: *Spoken Chinese; Basic Course*. With C. Fang. Holt, New York.
- 1947: \"Peiping phonology\", in: *Journal of the American... | 227 | Charles F. Hockett | 4 |
7,642 | # Clarence Brown
**Clarence Leon Brown** (May 10, 1890 -- August 17, 1987) was an American film director.
## Early life {#early_life}
Born in Clinton, Massachusetts, to Larkin Harry Brown, a cotton manufacturer, and Katherine Ann Brown (née Gaw), Brown moved to Tennessee when he was 11 years old. He attended Knoxvil... | 791 | Clarence Brown | 0 |
7,645 | # Cyclone (programming language)
The **Cyclone** programming language was intended to be a safe dialect of the C language. It avoids buffer overflows and other vulnerabilities that are possible in C programs by design, without losing the power and convenience of C as a tool for system programming. It is no longer supp... | 351 | Cyclone (programming language) | 0 |
7,645 | # Cyclone (programming language)
## Language features {#language_features}
### Pointer types {#pointer_types}
Cyclone implements three kinds of pointer:
- `*` (the normal type)
- `@` (the never-`NULL` pointer), and
- `?` (the only type with pointer arithmetic allowed, \"fat\" pointers).
The purpose of introdu... | 738 | Cyclone (programming language) | 1 |
7,655 | # Clay Mathematics Institute
The **Clay Mathematics Institute** (**CMI**) is a private, non-profit foundation dedicated to increasing and disseminating mathematical knowledge. Formerly based in Peterborough, New Hampshire, the corporate address is now in Denver, Colorado. CMI\'s scientific activities are managed from ... | 692 | Clay Mathematics Institute | 0 |
7,655 | # Clay Mathematics Institute
## Other activities {#other_activities}
Besides the Millennium Prize Problems, the Clay Mathematics Institute supports mathematics via the awarding of research fellowships (which range from two to five years and are aimed at younger mathematicians), as well as shorter-term scholarships fo... | 110 | Clay Mathematics Institute | 1 |
7,661 | # Council of Constance
The **Council of Constance** (*Concilium Constantiense*; *Konzil von Konstanz*) was an ecumenical council of the Catholic Church that was held from 1414 to 1418 in the Bishopric of Constance (Konstanz) in present-day Germany. This was the first time that an ecumenical council was convened in the... | 687 | Council of Constance | 0 |
7,661 | # Council of Constance
## Decrees and doctrinal status {#decrees_and_doctrinal_status}
Many members of the new assembly (comparatively few bishops, but many doctors of theology and of canon and civil law, procurators of bishops, deputies of universities, cathedral chapters, provosts, etc., agents and representatives ... | 392 | Council of Constance | 1 |
7,661 | # Council of Constance
## Ending the Western Schism {#ending_the_western_schism}
With the support of King Sigismund, enthroned before the high altar of the cathedral of Constance, the Council of Constance recommended that all three papal claimants abdicate, and that another be chosen. In part because of the constant ... | 653 | Council of Constance | 2 |
7,661 | # Council of Constance
## Polish--Lithuanian--Teutonic conflict {#polishlithuanianteutonic_conflict}
In 1411, the First Peace of Thorn ended the Polish--Lithuanian--Teutonic War, in which the Teutonic Knights fought the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania. However, the peace was not stable and further conf... | 421 | Council of Constance | 3 |
7,661 | # Council of Constance
## Later status {#later_status}
Although Pope Martin V did not directly challenge the decrees of the council, his successor Eugene IV repudiated an attempt by a faction at the Council of Basel to declare the provisions of *Haec sancta* and *Frequens* a matter of faith. His 1439 bull on the matt... | 306 | Council of Constance | 4 |
7,662 | # Churches Uniting in Christ
**Churches Uniting in Christ** (**CUIC**) is an ecumenical organization that brings together mainline American denominations (including both predominantly white and predominantly black churches), and was inaugurated on January 20, 2002, in Memphis, Tennessee on the balcony of the Lorraine ... | 900 | Churches Uniting in Christ | 0 |
7,662 | # Churches Uniting in Christ
## Purpose
The purpose of CUIC has always been unity (as reflected in their current slogan, \"reconciling the baptized, seeking unity with justice\"). This reflects one of the core scripture passages in the ecumenical movement, Jesus\' prayer in John 17:21, \"That they all may be one\". C... | 289 | Churches Uniting in Christ | 1 |
7,662 | # Churches Uniting in Christ
## Membership
### Full members {#full_members}
- African Methodist Episcopal Church
- African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church
- Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)
- Christian Methodist Episcopal Church
- Episcopal Church (United States)
- International Council of Communit... | 187 | Churches Uniting in Christ | 2 |
7,663 | # Canadian Unitarian Council
The **Canadian Unitarian Council** (*Conseil unitarien du Canada*) (**CUC**) is a liberal religious association of Unitarian, Universalist, and Unitarian Universalist congregations in Canada. It was formed on May 14, 1961, initially to be the national organization for Canadians belonging t... | 420 | Canadian Unitarian Council | 0 |
7,663 | # Canadian Unitarian Council
## Organization
### Annual conference and meeting {#annual_conference_and_meeting}
Policies and business of the CUC are determined at the **Annual Conference and Meeting** (ACM), consisting of the **Bi-Annual Conference**, in which workshops are held, and the **Annual General Meeting**, i... | 961 | Canadian Unitarian Council | 1 |
7,663 | # Canadian Unitarian Council
## Organization
### Name of CUC and playful abbreviation of Unitarian Universalist {#name_of_cuc_and_playful_abbreviation_of_unitarian_universalist}
While the name of the organization is the Canadian Unitarian Council, the CUC includes congregations with Unitarian, Universalist, Unitarian... | 109 | Canadian Unitarian Council | 2 |
7,677 | # Computer monitor
A **computer monitor** is an output device that displays information in pictorial or textual form. A discrete monitor comprises a visual display, support electronics, power supply, housing, electrical connectors, and external user controls.
The display in modern monitors is typically an LCD with LE... | 339 | Computer monitor | 0 |
7,677 | # Computer monitor
## Technologies
Multiple technologies have been used for computer monitors. Until the 21st century most used cathode-ray tubes but they have largely been superseded by LCD monitors.
### Cathode-ray tube {#cathode_ray_tube}
The first computer monitors used cathode-ray tubes (CRTs). Prior to the ad... | 485 | Computer monitor | 1 |
7,677 | # Computer monitor
## Technologies
### Liquid-crystal display`{{anchor|Liquid Crystal}}`{=mediawiki} {#liquid_crystal_display}
There are multiple technologies that have been used to implement liquid-crystal displays (LCD). Throughout the 1990s, the primary use of LCD technology as computer monitors was in laptops whe... | 406 | Computer monitor | 2 |
7,677 | # Computer monitor
## Measurements of performance {#measurements_of_performance}
The performance of a monitor is measured by the following parameters:
- Display geometry:
- Viewable image size -- is usually measured diagonally, but the actual widths and heights are more informative since they are not affecte... | 1,199 | Computer monitor | 3 |
7,677 | # Computer monitor
## Measurements of performance {#measurements_of_performance}
### Resolution
The resolution for computer monitors has increased over time. From `{{resx|280x192}}`{=mediawiki} during the late 1970s, to `{{resx|1024x768}}`{=mediawiki} during the late 1990s. Since 2009, the most commonly sold resoluti... | 267 | Computer monitor | 4 |
7,677 | # Computer monitor
## Additional features {#additional_features}
### Universal features {#universal_features}
: **Power saving**
Most modern monitors will switch to a power-saving mode if no video-input signal is received. This allows modern operating systems to turn off a monitor after a specified period of inac... | 671 | Computer monitor | 5 |
7,677 | # Computer monitor
## Mounting
Computer monitors are provided with a variety of methods for mounting them depending on the application and environment.
### Desktop
A desktop monitor is typically provided with a stand from the manufacturer which lifts the monitor up to a more ergonomic viewing height. The stand may ... | 720 | Computer monitor | 6 |
7,677 | # Computer monitor
## Security vulnerabilities {#security_vulnerabilities}
According to an NSA document leaked to *\[\[Der Spiegel\]\]*, the NSA sometimes swaps the monitor cables on targeted computers with a bugged monitor cable to allow the NSA to remotely see what is being displayed on the targeted computer monito... | 130 | Computer monitor | 7 |
7,685 | # List of cartographers
Cartography is the study of map making and **cartographers** are map makers.
## Before 1400 {#before_1400}
- Anaximander, Greek Anatolia (610 BC--546 BC), first to attempt making a map of the known world
- Hecataeus of Miletus, Greek Anatolia (550 BC--476 BC), geographer, cartographer, an... | 448 | List of cartographers | 0 |
7,685 | # List of cartographers
## 16th century {#th_century_1}
- Giovanni Battista Agnese (c. 1500--1564), Genoese, cartographer, author of numerous nautical atlases
- Hacı Ahmet, Ottoman Tunisian cartographer, translated 16th c. map into Turkish for the Ottoman Empire.
- Peter Apian (1495--1552), also known as Peter ... | 451 | List of cartographers | 1 |
7,685 | # List of cartographers
## 17th century {#th_century_2}
- Pieter van der Aa (Netherlands, 1659--1733)
- João Teixeira Albernaz I (Portugal, died c. 1664), prolific cartographer, son of Luís Teixeira
- João Teixeira Albernaz II (Portugal, died c. 1699), Portuguese cartographer
- Pedro Teixeira Albernaz (Por... | 324 | List of cartographers | 2 |
7,685 | # List of cartographers
## 18th century {#th_century_3}
- John James Abert (United States, 1788--1863), headed the Corps of Topographical Engineers for 32 years and organized the mapping of the American West
- Anders Åkerman (Sweden, 1721/23--1778), first globemaker in Sweden
- John Arrowsmith (England, 1790--1... | 705 | List of cartographers | 3 |
7,685 | # List of cartographers
## 19th century {#th_century_4}
- Robert Aitken of Beith. born c. 1786
- Carlo de Candia (1803--1862), Italian cartographer, created the large maritime map of Sardinia in 1: 250,000 scale, travel version.
- John Bartholomew the elder(26 April 1805 -- 8 April 1861), Scottish cartographer ... | 571 | List of cartographers | 4 |
7,685 | # List of cartographers
## 20th century {#th_century_5}
- Regina Araújo de Almeida (Brazil, 1949-- ), professor of geography at the University of São Paulo, tactile cartographer
- Jacques Bertin (France, 1918--2010)
- Josef Breu (Austria, 1914--1998)
- Cynthia Brewer (United States, 1957-- ), developed ColorB... | 458 | List of cartographers | 5 |
7,699 | # Commodore 1570
The **Commodore 1570** is a 5¼\" floppy disk drive for the Commodore 128 home/personal computer. It is a single-sided, 170 kB version of the Commodore 1571, released as a stopgap measure when Commodore International was unable to provide sufficient quantities of 1571s due to a shortage of double-sided... | 250 | Commodore 1570 | 0 |
7,700 | # Commodore 1571
The **Commodore 1571** is Commodore\'s high-end 5¼\" floppy disk drive, announced in the summer of 1985. With its double-sided drive mechanism, it has the ability to use double-sided, double-density (DS/DD) floppy disks, storing a total of 360 kB per floppy. It also implemented a \"burst mode\" that i... | 1,238 | Commodore 1571 | 0 |
7,700 | # Commodore 1571
## Disk format {#disk_format}
Unlike the 1541, which was limited to GCR formatting, the 1571 could read both GCR and MFM disk formats. The version of CP/M included with the C128 supported the following formats:
- IBM PC CP/M-86
- Osborne 1 (double density upgrade)
- Epson QX10
- Kaypro II, I... | 389 | Commodore 1571 | 1 |
7,708 | # Commandant of the United States Marine Corps
The **commandant of the Marine Corps** (**CMC**) is normally the highest-ranking officer in the United States Marine Corps. It is a four-star general position and a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The CMC reports directly to the secretary of the Navy and is responsib... | 506 | Commandant of the United States Marine Corps | 0 |
7,708 | # Commandant of the United States Marine Corps
## List of commandants {#list_of_commandants}
Thirty-nine men have served as the commandant of the Marine Corps. The first commandant was Samuel Nicholas, who took office as a captain, though there was no office titled \"Commandant\" at the time, and the Second Continent... | 319 | Commandant of the United States Marine Corps | 1 |
7,710 | # California Department of Transportation
The **California Department of Transportation** (**Caltrans**) is an executive department of the U.S. state of California. The department is part of the cabinet-level California State Transportation Agency (CalSTA). Caltrans is headquartered in Sacramento.
Caltrans manages th... | 1,309 | California Department of Transportation | 0 |
7,710 | # California Department of Transportation
## Districts
District{{cite web url = <http://www.buildcalifornia.org/html/caltrans_district_offices.html> title = Caltrans District Offices access-date = 2010-02-13 ... | 162 | California Department of Transportation | 1 |
7,722 | # Compactron
**Compactrons** are a type of vacuum tube, which contain multiple electrode structures packed into a single enclosure. They were designed to compete with early transistor electronics and were used in televisions, radios, and similar roles.
## History
The **Compactron** was a trade name applied to multi-... | 755 | Compactron | 0 |
7,728 | # Claude Piron
**Claude Piron**, also known by the pseudonym **Johán Valano**, was a Swiss psychologist, Esperantist, translator, and writer. He worked as a translator for the United Nations from 1956 to 1961 and then for the World Health Organization.
He was a prolific author of Esperanto works. He spoke Esperanto f... | 416 | Claude Piron | 0 |
7,734 | # Central Pacific Railroad
The **Central Pacific Railroad** (**CPRR**) was a rail company chartered by U.S. Congress in 1862 to build a railroad eastwards from Sacramento, California, to complete most of the western part of the \"First transcontinental railroad\" in North America. Incorporated in 1861, CPRR ceased ind... | 1,046 | Central Pacific Railroad | 0 |
7,734 | # Central Pacific Railroad
## History
### Financing
`{{multiple image
|align = right
|direction = horizontal
|total_width = 450
|image1 = Trestle CPRR.jpg
|caption1 =
|image2 = The Last Spike 1869.jpg
|caption2 =
|footer = (Left): The Central Pacific built trestles initially in order to expedite construction of the... | 954 | Central Pacific Railroad | 1 |
7,734 | # Central Pacific Railroad
## Locomotives
The Central Pacific\'s first three locomotives were of the then common 4-4-0 type, although with the American Civil War raging in the east, they had difficulty acquiring engines from eastern builders, who at times only had smaller 4-2-4 or 4-2-2 types available. Until the com... | 325 | Central Pacific Railroad | 2 |
7,734 | # Central Pacific Railroad
## Preserved locomotives {#preserved_locomotives}
The following CP engines have been preserved:
- Central Pacific 1, *Gov. Stanford*
- CP 233, a 2-6-2T the railroad had built, is stored at the California State Railroad Museum.
- Central Pacific 3, *C. P. Huntington*, later purchased ... | 274 | Central Pacific Railroad | 3 |
7,734 | # Central Pacific Railroad
## Timeline
**1861**
- June 28, 1861: \"Central Pacific Rail Road of California\" incorporated; name changed to \"Central Pacific Railroad of California\" on October 8, 1864, after the Pacific Railway Act amendment passes that summer.
**1862**
- July 1, 1862: President Lincoln signs ... | 727 | Central Pacific Railroad | 4 |
7,737 | # Clairvoyance
*Clairvoyance* (album)\|the book\|Clairvoyance (book){{!}}*Clairvoyance* (book)}} `{{redirect|Clairvoyant|other uses|Clairvoyant (disambiguation)}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2013}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Paranormal|main}}`{=mediawiki}
**Clairvoyance** (`{{IPAc-en|k|l|ɛər|ˈ|v|ɔɪ|.|ə|n|s}}`{=media... | 619 | Clairvoyance | 0 |
7,737 | # Clairvoyance
## Parapsychology
### Early research {#early_research}
The earliest record of somnambulist clairvoyance is credited to the Marquis de Puységur, a follower of Franz Mesmer, who in 1784 was treating a local dull-witted peasant named Victor Race. During treatment, Race reportedly went into a trance and u... | 605 | Clairvoyance | 1 |
7,737 | # Clairvoyance
## Parapsychology
### Remote viewing {#remote_viewing}
Remote viewing, also known as remote sensing, remote perception, telesthesia and travelling clairvoyance, is the alleged paranormal ability to perceive a remote or hidden target without support of the senses.
A well-known recent study of remote vi... | 549 | Clairvoyance | 2 |
7,737 | # Clairvoyance
## Scientific reception {#scientific_reception}
According to scientific research, clairvoyance is generally explained as the result of confirmation bias, expectancy bias, fraud, hallucination, self-delusion, sensory leakage, subjective validation, wishful thinking or failures to appreciate the base rat... | 418 | Clairvoyance | 3 |
7,739 | # Carbide
In chemistry, a **carbide** usually describes a compound composed of carbon and a metal. In metallurgy, **carbiding** or carburizing is the process for producing carbide coatings on a metal piece.
## Interstitial / Metallic carbides {#interstitial_metallic_carbides}
The carbides of the group 4, 5 and 6 tra... | 648 | Carbide | 0 |
7,739 | # Carbide
## Chemical classification of carbides {#chemical_classification_of_carbides}
Carbides can be generally classified by the chemical bonds type as follows:
1. salt-like (ionic),
2. covalent compounds,
3. interstitial compounds, and
4. \"intermediate\" transition metal carbides.
Examples include calcium ... | 666 | Carbide | 1 |
7,739 | # Carbide
## Related materials {#related_materials}
In addition to the carbides, other groups of related carbon compounds exist:
- graphite intercalation compounds
- alkali metal fullerides
- endohedral fullerenes, where the metal atom is encapsulated within a fullerene molecule
- metallacarbohedrenes (met-c... | 80 | Carbide | 2 |
7,740 | # Charles C. Krulak
border
`| image_size = `\
`| alt = `\
`| caption = Official portrait, 1995`\
`| nickname = Chuck`\
`| birth_date = ``{{birth date and age|1942|03|04|mf=y}}`{=mediawiki}\
`| birth_place = ``Quantico, Virginia``, U.S.`\
`| death_... | 343 | Charles C. Krulak | 0 |
7,740 | # Charles C. Krulak
## Marine career {#marine_career}
After his commissioning and graduation from The Basic School at Marine Corps Base Quantico, Krulak held a variety of command and staff positions. His command positions included: commanding officer of a platoon and two rifle companies during two tours of duty in Vi... | 471 | Charles C. Krulak | 1 |
7,740 | # Charles C. Krulak
## Marine career {#marine_career}
### Silver Star citation {#silver_star_citation}
**Citation:**
> The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Silver Star to Captain Charles Chandler Krulak, United States Marine Corps, for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity i... | 365 | Charles C. Krulak | 2 |
7,740 | # Charles C. Krulak
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Krulak received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 1996. The Golden Plate was presented by Awards Council member and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General John M. Shalikashvili, USA.
Krulak joined MBNA America in September 1... | 296 | Charles C. Krulak | 3 |
7,740 | # Charles C. Krulak
## Awards and decorations {#awards_and_decorations}
General Krulak\'s decorations and medals include:
----
----
------------------------------------------------------------------
Defense Distinguished Service Medal w/ 1 bronze oak leaf cluster
Navy Distinguished Service Medal w/ 1... | 266 | Charles C. Krulak | 4 |
7,755 | # Cluny
**Cluny** (`{{IPA|fr|klyni}}`{=mediawiki}) is a commune in the eastern French department of Saône-et-Loire, in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. It is 20 km northwest of Mâcon.
The town grew up around the Benedictine Abbey of Cluny, founded by Duke William I of Aquitaine in 910. The height of Cluniac inf... | 96 | Cluny | 0 |
7,765 | # Cahiers du Cinéma
***Cahiers du Cinéma*** (`{{IPA|fr|kaje dy sinema}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{literal translation|notebooks on cinema}}`{=mediawiki}) is a French film magazine co-founded in 1951 by André Bazin, Jacques Doniol-Valcroze, and Joseph-Marie Lo Duca. It developed from the earlier magazine *Revue du Cinéma* (`{{l... | 1,319 | Cahiers du Cinéma | 0 |
7,768 | # Crete Senesi
The **Crete Senesi** refers to an area of the Italian region of Tuscany immediately to the south of Siena. It consists of a range of hills and woods among villages and includes the *comuni* of Asciano, Buonconvento, Monteroni d\'Arbia, Rapolano Terme and San Giovanni d\'Asso, all within the province of ... | 283 | Crete Senesi | 0 |
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