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12,694 | # Gymnosphaerid
The **gymnosphaerids** (or **Gymnosphaerida**) are a small group of heliozoan protists found in marine environments. They tend to be roughly spherical with radially directed axopods, supported by microtubules in a triangular-hexagonal array arising from an amorphous central granule.
## Genera
There a... | 310 | Gymnosphaerid | 0 |
12,695 | # Group representation
In the mathematical field of representation theory, **group representations** describe abstract groups in terms of bijective linear transformations of a vector space to itself (i.e. vector space automorphisms); in particular, they can be used to represent group elements as invertible matrices so... | 779 | Group representation | 0 |
12,695 | # Group representation
## Definitions
A **representation** of a group *G* on a vector space *V* over a field *K* is a group homomorphism from *G* to GL(*V*), the general linear group on *V*. That is, a representation is a map
$$\rho \colon G \to \mathrm{GL}\left(V \right)$$ such that
$$\rho(g_1 g_2) = \rho(g_1) \rh... | 308 | Group representation | 1 |
12,695 | # Group representation
## Examples
Consider the complex number *u* = e^2πi\ /\ 3^ which has the property *u*^3^ = 1. The set *C*~3~ = {1, *u*, *u*^2^} forms a cyclic group under multiplication. This group has a representation ρ on $\mathbb{C}^2$ given by:
$$\rho \left( 1 \right) =
\begin{bmatrix}
1 & 0 \\
0 & 1 \\
\... | 538 | Group representation | 2 |
12,695 | # Group representation
## Generalizations
### Set-theoretical representations {#set_theoretical_representations}
A *set-theoretic representation* (also known as a group action or *permutation representation*) of a group *G* on a set *X* is given by a function ρ : *G* → *X*^*X*^, the set of functions from *X* to *X*,... | 326 | Group representation | 3 |
12,696 | # GRE Physics Test
The **Graduate Record Examination** (**GRE**) **physics test** is an examination administered by the Educational Testing Service (ETS). The test attempts to determine the extent of the examinees\' understanding of fundamental principles of physics and their ability to apply them to problem solving. ... | 468 | GRE Physics Test | 0 |
12,709 | # Goodtimes virus
The **Goodtimes virus**, also styled as **Good Times virus**, was a computer virus hoax that spread during the early years of the Internet\'s popularity. Warnings about a computer virus named \"Good Times\" began being passed around among Internet users in 1994. The Goodtimes virus was supposedly tra... | 626 | Goodtimes virus | 0 |
12,710 | # Gary Snyder
**Gary Snyder** (born May 8, 1930) is an American poet, essayist, lecturer, and environmental activist. His early poetry has been associated with the Beat Generation and the San Francisco Renaissance and he has been described as the \"poet laureate of Deep Ecology\". Snyder is a winner of a Pulitzer Priz... | 739 | Gary Snyder | 0 |
12,710 | # Gary Snyder
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
### The Beats {#the_beats}
Back in San Francisco, Snyder lived with Whalen, who shared his growing interest in Zen. Snyder\'s reading of the writings of D. T. Suzuki had in fact been a factor in his decision not to continue as a graduate student in anthropology, and... | 482 | Gary Snyder | 1 |
12,710 | # Gary Snyder
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
### Japan and India {#japan_and_india}
Independently, some of the Beats, including Whalen, had become interested in Zen, but Snyder was one of the more serious scholars of the subject among them, preparing in every way he could think of for eventual study in Japan. ... | 881 | Gary Snyder | 2 |
12,710 | # Gary Snyder
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
### Kitkitdizze
In 1966, Snyder joined Allen Ginsberg, Richard Baker, future Roshi of the San Francisco Zen Center, and Kriyananda aka Donald J Walters, to buy 100 acre in the San Juan Ridge area of the Sierra-Nevada foothills, north of Nevada City, Northern Califor... | 828 | Gary Snyder | 3 |
12,710 | # Gary Snyder
## Work
### Poetics
Snyder uses mainly common speech-patterns as the basis for his lines, though his style has been noted for its \"flexibility\" and the variety of different forms his poems have taken. He typically uses neither conventional meters nor intentional rhyme. \"Love and respect for the prim... | 722 | Gary Snyder | 4 |
12,710 | # Gary Snyder
## Work
### Beat
Snyder is widely regarded as a member of the Beat Generation circle of writers: he was one of the poets that read at the famous *Six Gallery* event, and was written about in one of Kerouac\'s most popular novels, *The Dharma Bums*. Some critics argue that Snyder\'s connection with the B... | 474 | Gary Snyder | 5 |
12,716 | # Glissando
In music, a **glissando** (`{{IPA|it|ɡlisˈsando|lang}}`{=mediawiki}; plural: *glissandi*, abbreviated *gliss.*) is a glide from one pitch to another (`{{audio|Glissando upwards an octave from C.mid|Play}}`{=mediawiki}). It is an Italianized musical term derived from the French *glisser*, \"to glide\". In s... | 848 | Glissando | 0 |
12,733 | # Giant planet
Jupiter \|image2=Saturn_during_Equinox\_(rot45).jpg{{!}}Saturn \|image3=Uranus Voyager2 color calibrated.png{{!}}Uranus \|image4=Neptune Voyager2 color calibrated.png{{!}}Neptune \|footer= The four giant planets of the Solar System:
- (*top*) Jupiter and Saturn (gas giants)
- (*bottom*) Uranus and ... | 264 | Giant planet | 0 |
12,733 | # Giant planet
## Terminology
The term *gas giant* was coined in 1952 by science fiction writer James Blish and was originally used to refer to all giant planets. Arguably it is something of a misnomer, because throughout most of the volume of these planets the pressure is so high that matter is not in gaseous form. ... | 707 | Giant planet | 1 |
12,733 | # Giant planet
## Subtypes
### Gas giants {#gas_giants}
Gas giants consist mostly of hydrogen and helium. The Solar System\'s gas giants, Jupiter and Saturn, have heavier elements making up between 3 and 13 percent of their mass. Gas giants are thought to consist of an outer layer of molecular hydrogen, surrounding ... | 682 | Giant planet | 2 |
12,733 | # Giant planet
## Extrasolar giant planets {#extrasolar_giant_planets}
`{{See also|Hot Jupiter|Super-Jupiter|Sub-brown dwarf |Brown dwarf}}`{=mediawiki} Because of the limited techniques currently available to detect exoplanets, many of those found to date have been of a size associated, in the Solar System, with gia... | 368 | Giant planet | 3 |
12,741 | # Gesta Danorum
***Gesta Danorum*** (\"Deeds of the Danes\") is a patriotic work of Danish history, by the 12th-century author Saxo Grammaticus (\"Saxo the Literate\", literally \"the Grammarian\"). It is the most ambitious literary undertaking of medieval Denmark and is an essential source for the nation\'s early his... | 873 | Gesta Danorum | 0 |
12,741 | # Gesta Danorum
## History
### Chronology
When exactly *Gesta Danorum* was written is the subject of numerous works; however, it is generally agreed that *Gesta Danorum* was not finished before 1208. The last event described in the last book (Book 16) is King Canute VI of Denmark subduing Pomerania under Duke Bogisl... | 748 | Gesta Danorum | 1 |
12,741 | # Gesta Danorum
## Hamlet
Certain aspects of *Gesta Danorum* formed the basis for William Shakespeare\'s play *Hamlet*. Saxo\'s version, told of in Books 3 and 4, is very similar to that of Shakespeare\'s *Hamlet*. In Saxo\'s version, two brothers, Orvendil and Fengi are given the rule over Jutland by King Rørik Slyn... | 158 | Gesta Danorum | 2 |
12,746 | # Generalization
A **generalization** is a form of abstraction whereby common properties of specific instances are formulated as general concepts or claims. Generalizations posit the existence of a domain or set of elements, as well as one or more common characteristics shared by those elements (thus creating a concep... | 412 | Generalization | 0 |
12,746 | # Generalization
## Examples
### Biological generalization {#biological_generalization}
An animal is a generalization of a mammal, a bird, a fish, an amphibian and a reptile.
### Cartographic generalization of geo-spatial data {#cartographic_generalization_of_geo_spatial_data}
Generalization has a long history in ... | 377 | Generalization | 1 |
12,747 | # Gia Carangi
**Gia Marie Carangi** (January 29, 1960`{{spaced ndash}}`{=mediawiki}November 18, 1986) was an American supermodel, considered by some to be the first supermodel. In 2023, Harpers Bazaar ranked her 15th among the greatest supermodels in the 1980s. She was featured on the cover of numerous magazines, incl... | 414 | Gia Carangi | 0 |
12,747 | # Gia Carangi
## Career
After being featured in Philadelphia newspaper ads and being discovered by Sondra Scerca in Maurice Tannenbaum\'s hair salon, Carangi moved to New York City at the age of 17, where she signed with Wilhelmina Models. Her first major shoot, published in October 1978, was with top fashion photogr... | 1,058 | Gia Carangi | 1 |
12,747 | # Gia Carangi
## Filmography
Film
-------------
Year
2003
Television
Year
2009--2011
Music video
Year
1980
## Legacy
Carangi\'s rise to fame as an androgynous brunette in an industry full of blue-eyed blondes is believed to have started heroin chic. Carangi is often considered to be the first su... | 317 | Gia Carangi | 2 |
12,772 | # Gas mask
A **gas mask** is a piece of personal protective equipment used to protect the wearer from inhaling airborne pollutants and toxic gases. The mask forms a sealed cover over the nose and mouth, but may also cover the eyes and other vulnerable soft tissues of the face. Most gas masks are also respirators, thou... | 323 | Gas mask | 0 |
12,772 | # Gas mask
## History and development {#history_and_development}
### Early breathing devices {#early_breathing_devices}
According to *Popular Mechanics*, \"The common sponge was used in ancient Greece as a gas mask\...\" In 1785, Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier invented a respirator.
Primitive respirator examples w... | 787 | Gas mask | 1 |
12,772 | # Gas mask
## History and development {#history_and_development}
### Modern mask {#modern_mask}
Gas mask development since has mirrored the development of chemical agents in warfare, filling the need to protect against ever more deadly threats, biological weapons, and radioactive dust in the nuclear era. However, for... | 441 | Gas mask | 2 |
12,772 | # Gas mask
## Principles of construction {#principles_of_construction}
Absorption is the process of being drawn into a (usually larger) body or substrate, and adsorption is the process of deposition upon a surface. This can be used to remove both particulate and gaseous hazards. Although some form of reaction may tak... | 694 | Gas mask | 3 |
12,772 | # Gas mask
## Use
A modern mask typically is constructed of an elastic polymer in various sizes. It is fitted with various adjustable straps which may be tightened to secure a good fit. Crucially, it is connected to a filter cartridge near the mouth either directly, or via a flexible hose. Some models contain drinkin... | 596 | Gas mask | 4 |
12,784 | # Goons
{{safesubst:#invoke:RfD\|\|2=Gooner\|month = June \|day = 6 \|year = 2025 \|time = 00:23 \|timestamp = 20250606002303 \|content=
1. REDIRECT Goon
}} **Gooner**, or **gooning** may refer to:
- Participants in gooning (kidnapping)
- One who engages in the practice of gooning (sexual practice)
- Gooners... | 48 | Goons | 0 |
12,786 | # General anaesthetic
**General anaesthetics** (or **anesthetics**) are often defined as compounds that induce a loss of consciousness in humans or loss of righting reflex in animals. Clinical definitions are also extended to include an induced coma that causes lack of awareness to painful stimuli, sufficient to facil... | 474 | General anaesthetic | 0 |
12,786 | # General anaesthetic
## Mechanism of action {#mechanism_of_action}
Induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, and the control of the various physiological side effects is typically achieved through a combinatorial drug approach. Individual general anesthetics vary with respect to their specific physiological a... | 799 | General anaesthetic | 1 |
12,786 | # General anaesthetic
## Stages of anesthesia {#stages_of_anesthesia}
### Stage II: Excitement {#stage_ii_excitement}
Stage II is often characterized by the receiver being delirious and confused, with severe amnesia. Irregularities in the patterns of respiration are common at this stage of anesthesia. Nausea and vomi... | 158 | General anaesthetic | 2 |
12,786 | # General anaesthetic
## Physiological side effects {#physiological_side_effects}
Aside from the clinically advantageous effects of general anesthetics, there are a number of other physiological consequences mediated by this class of drug. Notably, a reduction in blood pressure can be facilitated by a variety of mech... | 476 | General anaesthetic | 3 |
12,786 | # General anaesthetic
## Pharmacokinetics
### Inhalational general anesthetics {#inhalational_general_anesthetics}
Minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) is the concentration of an inhalational anesthetic in the lungs that prevents 50% of patients from responding to surgical incision. This value is used to compare the ... | 453 | General anaesthetic | 4 |
12,797 | # Gerard Hengeveld
**Gerard Hengeveld** (December 7, 1910, in Kampen -- October 28, 2001, in Bergen, North Holland) was a Dutch classical pianist, music composer and educationalist. He is especially known for his compositions of study material for piano. Other compositions include two piano concertos, a violin sonata,... | 128 | Gerard Hengeveld | 0 |
12,798 | # George William, Elector of Brandenburg
**George William** (*Georg Wilhelm*; 13 November 1595 -- 1 December 1640), of the Hohenzollern dynasty, was Margrave and Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia from 1619 until his death. His reign was marked by ineffective governance during the Thirty Years\' War. He was th... | 397 | George William, Elector of Brandenburg | 0 |
12,800 | # Great Rift Valley
The **Great Rift Valley** (*Bonde la ufa*) is a series of contiguous geographic depressions, approximately 6,000 or 7000 km in total length, the definition varying between sources, that runs from the southern Turkish Hatay Province in Asia, through the Red Sea, to Mozambique in Southeast Africa. Wh... | 531 | Great Rift Valley | 0 |
12,800 | # Great Rift Valley
## Africa
The East African Rift follows the Red Sea to the end before turning inland into the Ethiopian highlands, dividing the country into two large and adjacent but separate mountainous regions. In Kenya, Uganda, and the fringes of South Sudan, the Great Rift runs along two separate branches th... | 369 | Great Rift Valley | 1 |
12,816 | # Gustav Radbruch
**Gustav Radbruch** (`{{IPA|de|ˈʁaːtbʁʊx|lang}}`{=mediawiki}; 21 November 1878 -- 23 November 1949) was a German legal scholar and politician. He served as Minister of Justice of Germany during the early Weimar period. Radbruch is also regarded as one of the most influential legal philosophers of the... | 481 | Gustav Radbruch | 0 |
12,816 | # Gustav Radbruch
## Work
Radbruch\'s legal philosophy derived from neo-Kantianism, which assumes that a categorical cleavage exists between \"is\" (*sein*) and \"ought\" (*sollen*). According to this view, \"should\" can never be derived from \"Being.\" Indicative of the Heidelberg school of neo-Kantianism to which ... | 460 | Gustav Radbruch | 1 |
12,821 | # Gate
A **gate** or **gateway** is a point of entry to or from a space enclosed by walls. The word is derived from Proto-Germanic *\*gatan*, meaning an opening or passageway. Synonyms include yett (which comes from the same root word) and portal. The concept originally referred to the gap or hole in the wall or fence... | 298 | Gate | 0 |
12,821 | # Gate
## Image gallery {#image_gallery}
<File:Shankharacharya,Gate,Birgunj.jpg%7CShankharacharya,Gate>,Birgunj, is main entry Point of Nepal from India <File:Gate> ajar.jpg\|This gate and massive gateposts has no locks---a gate marks a borderline in ownership/use and can allow passage. <File:Garden> Gate.JPG\|A smal... | 432 | Gate | 1 |
12,863 | # George Abbot (author)
**George Abbot** or **Abbott** (1604 -- 2 February 1649) was an English lay writer, known as \"The Puritan\", and a politician who sat in the House of Commons in two periods between 1640 and 1649. He is known also for his part in defending Caldecote House against royalist forces in the early da... | 494 | George Abbot (author) | 0 |
12,880 | # GnuCash
**GnuCash** is an accounting program that implements a double-entry bookkeeping system. It was initially aimed at developing capabilities similar to Intuit, Inc.\'s Quicken application, but also has features for small business accounting. Recent development has been focused on adapting to modern desktop supp... | 592 | GnuCash | 0 |
12,880 | # GnuCash
## Download statistics {#download_statistics}
As of July 2018, SourceForge shows a count of over 6.3 million downloads of the stable releases starting from November 1999 Also, SourceForge shows that current downloads are running at \~7,000 per week. This does not include other software download sites as wel... | 126 | GnuCash | 1 |
12,881 | # George Robert Aberigh-Mackay
**George Robert Aberigh-Mackay** (25 July 1848`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}12 January 1881) was a British educationalist and writer resident in India during his short adult life.
## Biography
George Robert Aberigh-Mackay was the son of the Reverend James Aberigh-Mackay D.D., B.D. and his first... | 284 | George Robert Aberigh-Mackay | 0 |
12,896 | # Gulf of Oman
The **Gulf of Oman** or **Sea of Oman** (*خليج عمان* *khalīj ʿumān*; *دریای عمان* *daryâ-ye omân*), also known as **Gulf of Makran** or **Sea of Makran** (*خلیج مکران* *khalīj makrān*; *دریای مکران* *daryâ-ye makrān*), is a gulf in the Indian Ocean that connects the Arabian Sea with the Strait of Hormuz... | 511 | Gulf of Oman | 0 |
12,900 | # Grammatical conjugation
`{{Grammatical categories}}`{=mediawiki} In linguistics, **conjugation** (`{{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|ɒ|n|dʒ|ᵿ|ˈ|ɡ|eɪ|ʃ|ən}}`{=mediawiki} `{{respell|con|juug|AY|shən}}`{=mediawiki}`{{refn|{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/conjugation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/202003221... | 426 | Grammatical conjugation | 0 |
12,900 | # Grammatical conjugation
## Verbal agreement {#verbal_agreement}
**Verbal agreement**, or **concord**, is a morpho-syntactic construct in which properties of the subject and/or objects of a verb are indicated by the verb form. Verbs are then said to agree with their subjects (resp. objects).
Many English verbs exhi... | 750 | Grammatical conjugation | 1 |
12,900 | # Grammatical conjugation
## Examples
Indo-European languages usually inflect verbs for several grammatical categories in complex paradigms, although some, like English, have simplified verb conjugation to a large extent. Below is the conjugation of the verb *to be* in the present tense (of the infinitive, if it exis... | 1,033 | Grammatical conjugation | 2 |
12,900 | # Grammatical conjugation
## Conjugation classes {#conjugation_classes}
### Pama-Nyungan languages {#pama_nyungan_languages}
One common feature of Pama--Nyungan languages, the largest family of Australian Aboriginal languages, is the notion of conjugation classes, which are a set of groups into which each lexical ve... | 678 | Grammatical conjugation | 3 |
12,903 | # Gegenschein
**Gegenschein** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|eɪ|ɡ|ən|ˌ|ʃ|aɪ|n}}`{=mediawiki}; `{{IPA|de|ˈɡeːɡn̩ˌʃaɪn|lang}}`{=mediawiki}; `{{literal translation|counter-shine}}`{=mediawiki}) or **counterglow** is a faintly bright spot in the night sky centered at the antisolar point. The backscatter of sunlight by interplanetary dus... | 387 | Gegenschein | 0 |
12,916 | # Gauss–Legendre algorithm
The **Gauss--Legendre algorithm** is an algorithm to compute the digits of `{{pi}}`{=mediawiki}. It is notable for being rapidly convergent, with only 25 iterations producing 45 million correct digits of `{{pi}}`{=mediawiki}. However, it has some drawbacks (for example, it is computer memory... | 461 | Gauss–Legendre algorithm | 0 |
12,924 | # Georgian architecture
**Georgian architecture** is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is named after the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover, George I, George II, George III, and George IV, who reigned in continuous s... | 391 | Georgian architecture | 0 |
12,924 | # Georgian architecture
## Characteristics
In towns, which expanded greatly during the period, landowners turned into property developers, and rows of identical terraced houses became the norm. Even the wealthy were persuaded to live in these in town, especially if provided with a square of garden in front of the hou... | 300 | Georgian architecture | 1 |
12,924 | # Georgian architecture
## Styles
Georgian succeeded the English Baroque of Sir Christopher Wren, Sir John Vanbrugh, Thomas Archer, William Talman, and Nicholas Hawksmoor with a transition running into the 1720s, overlapping with the more restrained Georgian style. The architect James Gibbs was a transitional figure,... | 413 | Georgian architecture | 2 |
12,924 | # Georgian architecture
## Types of buildings {#types_of_buildings}
### Houses
Versions of revived Palladian architecture dominated English country house architecture. Houses were increasingly placed in grand landscaped settings, and large houses were generally made wide and relatively shallow, largely to look more ... | 1,317 | Georgian architecture | 3 |
12,924 | # Georgian architecture
## Types of buildings {#types_of_buildings}
### Public buildings {#public_buildings}
Public buildings generally varied between the extremes of plain boxes with grid windows and Italian Late Renaissance palaces, depending on budget. Somerset House in London, designed by Sir William Chambers in ... | 122 | Georgian architecture | 4 |
12,924 | # Georgian architecture
## Colonial Georgian architecture {#colonial_georgian_architecture}
Georgian architecture was widely disseminated in the English colonies during the Georgian era. American buildings of the Georgian period were very often constructed of wood with clapboards; even columns were made of timber, fr... | 299 | Georgian architecture | 5 |
12,924 | # Georgian architecture
## Post-Georgian developments {#post_georgian_developments}
After about 1840, Georgian conventions were slowly abandoned as a number of revival styles, including Gothic Revival, that had originated in the Georgian period, developed and contested in Victorian architecture, and in the case of Go... | 542 | Georgian architecture | 6 |
12,926 | # Goshen, Indiana
*Pandoc failed*: ```
Error at (line 429, column 59):
unexpected '"'
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" "style="width:100%; margin: 0;"
^
`` | 24 | Goshen, Indiana | 0 |
12,936 | # Gram-positive bacteria
In bacteriology, **gram-positive bacteria** are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their type of cell wall.
The Gram stain is used by microbiologists to place bacteria int... | 621 | Gram-positive bacteria | 0 |
12,936 | # Gram-positive bacteria
## Importance of the outer cell membrane in bacterial classification {#importance_of_the_outer_cell_membrane_in_bacterial_classification}
Although bacteria are traditionally divided into two main groups, gram-positive and gram-negative, based on their Gram stain retention property, this class... | 678 | Gram-positive bacteria | 1 |
12,936 | # Gram-positive bacteria
## Pathogenicity
In the classical sense, six gram-positive genera are typically pathogenic in humans. Two of these, *Streptococcus* and *Staphylococcus*, are cocci (sphere-shaped). The remaining organisms are bacilli (rod-shaped) and can be subdivided based on their ability to form spores. Th... | 325 | Gram-positive bacteria | 2 |
12,937 | # Gram-negative bacteria
**Gram-negative bacteria** are bacteria that, unlike gram-positive bacteria, do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. Their defining characteristic is that their cell envelope consists of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall sandwiched bet... | 642 | Gram-negative bacteria | 0 |
12,937 | # Gram-negative bacteria
## Taxonomy
Bacteria are traditionally classified based on their Gram-staining response into the gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Having just one membrane, the gram-positive bacteria are also known as monoderm bacteria, while gram-negative bacteria, having two membranes, are also kno... | 593 | Gram-negative bacteria | 1 |
12,937 | # Gram-negative bacteria
## Bacterial transformation {#bacterial_transformation}
Transformation is one of three processes for horizontal gene transfer, in which exogenous genetic material passes from one bacterium to another, the other two being conjugation (transfer of genetic material between two bacterial cells in... | 448 | Gram-negative bacteria | 2 |
12,946 | # Grigory Barenblatt
**Grigory Isaakovich Barenblatt** (*Григо́рий Исаа́кович Баренблат*; 10 July 1927 -- 22 June 2018) was a Russian mathematician.
## Education
Barenblatt graduated in 1950 from Moscow State University, Department of Mechanics and Mathematics. He received his Ph.D. in 1953 from Moscow State Univers... | 370 | Grigory Barenblatt | 0 |
12,947 | # Grammatical tense
In grammar, **tense** is a category that expresses time reference. Tenses are usually manifested by the use of specific forms of verbs, particularly in their conjugation patterns.
The main tenses found in many languages include the past, present, and future. Some languages have only two distinct t... | 302 | Grammatical tense | 0 |
12,947 | # Grammatical tense
## Uses of the term {#uses_of_the_term}
In modern linguistic theory, tense is understood as a category that expresses (grammaticalizes) time reference; namely one which, using grammatical means, places a state or action in time. Nonetheless, in many descriptions of languages, particularly in tradi... | 376 | Grammatical tense | 1 |
12,947 | # Grammatical tense
## Possible tenses {#possible_tenses}
Not all languages have tense: tenseless languages include Chinese and Dyirbal. Some languages have all three basic tenses (the past, present, and future), while others have only two: some have past and nonpast tenses, the latter covering both present and futur... | 569 | Grammatical tense | 2 |
12,947 | # Grammatical tense
## Tense marking {#tense_marking}
### Morphology of tense {#morphology_of_tense}
Tense is normally indicated by the use of a particular verb form -- either an inflected form of the main verb, or a multi-word construction, or both in combination. Inflection may involve the use of affixes, such as ... | 481 | Grammatical tense | 3 |
12,947 | # Grammatical tense
## Tenseless language {#tenseless_language}
In linguistics, a **tenseless language** is a language that does not have a grammatical category of tense. Tenseless languages can and do refer to time, but they do so using lexical items such as adverbs or verbs, or by using combinations of aspect, mood... | 678 | Grammatical tense | 4 |
12,947 | # Grammatical tense
## In particular languages {#in_particular_languages}
### Other Indo-European languages {#other_indo_european_languages}
Proto-Indo-European verbs had present, perfect (stative), imperfect and aorist forms -- these can be considered as representing two tenses (present and past) with different aspe... | 899 | Grammatical tense | 5 |
12,947 | # Grammatical tense
## In particular languages {#in_particular_languages}
### Austronesian languages {#austronesian_languages}
#### Rapa
Rapa is the French Polynesian language of the island of Rapa Iti. Verbs in the indigenous Old Rapa occur with a marker known as TAM which stands for tense, aspect, or mood which ca... | 495 | Grammatical tense | 6 |
12,947 | # Grammatical tense
## In particular languages {#in_particular_languages}
### Mortlockese
Mortlockese uses tense markers such as *mii* and to denote the present tense state of a subject, *aa* to denote a present tense state that an object has changed to from a different, past state, *kɞ* to describe something that ha... | 113 | Grammatical tense | 7 |
12,956 | # OpenGL Utility Toolkit
The **OpenGL Utility Toolkit** (**GLUT**) is a library of utilities for OpenGL programs, which primarily perform system-level I/O with the host operating system. Functions performed include window definition, window control, and monitoring of keyboard and mouse input. Routines for drawing a nu... | 608 | OpenGL Utility Toolkit | 0 |
12,960 | # German Navy
*Pandoc failed*: ```
Error at (line 148, column 1):
unexpected '{'
{{Ranks and Insignia of NATO Navies/OF/Blank}}
^
`` | 22 | German Navy | 0 |
12,970 | # Gambler's fallacy
The **gambler\'s fallacy**, also known as the **Monte Carlo fallacy** or the **fallacy of the maturity of chances**, is the belief that, if an event (whose occurrences are independent and identically distributed) has occurred less frequently than expected, it is more likely to happen again in the f... | 1,018 | Gambler's fallacy | 0 |
12,970 | # Gambler's fallacy
## Retrospective gambler\'s fallacy {#retrospective_gamblers_fallacy}
Researchers have examined whether a similar bias exists for inferences about unknown past events based upon known subsequent events, calling this the \"retrospective gambler\'s fallacy\".
An example of a retrospective gambler\'... | 550 | Gambler's fallacy | 1 |
12,970 | # Gambler's fallacy
## Non-examples {#non_examples}
### Non-independent events {#non_independent_events}
The gambler\'s fallacy does not apply when the probability of different events is not independent. In such cases, the probability of future events can change based on the outcome of past events, such as the stati... | 481 | Gambler's fallacy | 2 |
12,970 | # Gambler's fallacy
## Psychology
### Origins
The gambler\'s fallacy arises out of a belief in a law of small numbers, leading to the erroneous belief that small samples must be representative of the larger population. According to the fallacy, streaks must eventually even out in order to be representative. Amos Tve... | 673 | Gambler's fallacy | 3 |
12,970 | # Gambler's fallacy
## Psychology
### Relationship to hot-hand fallacy {#relationship_to_hot_hand_fallacy}
Another psychological perspective states that gambler\'s fallacy can be seen as the counterpart to basketball\'s hot-hand fallacy, in which people tend to predict the same outcome as the previous event - known a... | 568 | Gambler's fallacy | 4 |
12,970 | # Gambler's fallacy
## Psychology
### Possible solutions {#possible_solutions}
The gambler\'s fallacy is a deep-seated cognitive bias and can be very hard to overcome. Educating individuals about the nature of randomness has not always proven effective in reducing or eliminating any manifestation of the fallacy. Part... | 632 | Gambler's fallacy | 5 |
12,970 | # Gambler's fallacy
## Users
### Types of users {#types_of_users}
Within a real-world setting, numerous studies have uncovered that for various decision makers placed in high stakes scenarios, it is likely they will reflect some degree of strong negative autocorrelation in their judgement.
#### Asylum judges {#asyl... | 702 | Gambler's fallacy | 6 |
12,974 | # Gilbert Plains
**Gilbert Plains** is an unincorporated urban community in the Gilbert Plains Municipality, Manitoba, Canada, that was classified as a town prior to January 1, 2015.
It is situated on the Valley River, in the Parkland Region between Riding Mountain National Park and Duck Mountain Provincial Park.
Gi... | 286 | Gilbert Plains | 0 |
12,975 | # Gasparo Contarini
**Gasparo Contarini** (16 October 1483 -- 24 August 1542) was an Italian diplomat, cardinal, and Bishop of Belluno. He advocated for dialogue with Protestants during the Reformation. Born in Venice, he served as the Republic\'s ambassador to Charles V during its war with him. He was the first to ex... | 648 | Gasparo Contarini | 0 |
12,975 | # Gasparo Contarini
## Biography
### Cardinalate
In 1535, Paul III unexpectedly made the secular diplomat a cardinal in order to bind an able man of evangelical disposition to the Roman interests. Contarini accepted, but in his new position did not exhibit his former independence. At the time he was promoted to cardi... | 545 | Gasparo Contarini | 1 |
12,975 | # Gasparo Contarini
## The Commonwealth and Government of Venice {#the_commonwealth_and_government_of_venice}
Contarini\'s book *De magistratibus et republica venetorum* (Paris, 1543) is an important source for the study of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Venice\'s unique system of government. It was published in ... | 862 | Gasparo Contarini | 2 |
12,984 | # Geiger counter
*Geiger Counter* (album)}} `{{Infobox laboratory equipment
|name = Geiger–Müller counter
|image = geiger counter.jpg
|caption = A "two-piece" bench-type Geiger–Müller counter using a cylindrical end-window detector connected to an electronics module with analogue readout
|acronym ... | 266 | Geiger counter | 0 |
12,984 | # Geiger counter
## Principle of operation {#principle_of_operation}
thumb\|upright=1.2\|Diagram of a Geiger counter using an \"end window\" tube for low-penetration radiation. A loudspeaker is also used for indication. *Main article: Geiger--Müller tube* A Geiger counter consists of a Geiger--Müller tube (the sensin... | 632 | Geiger counter | 1 |
12,984 | # Geiger counter
## Types and applications {#types_and_applications}
The intended detection application of a Geiger counter dictates the tube design used. Consequently, there are a great many designs, but they can be generally categorized as \"end-window\", windowless \"thin-walled\", \"thick-walled\", and sometimes ... | 820 | Geiger counter | 2 |
12,984 | # Geiger counter
## Types and applications {#types_and_applications}
### Physical design {#physical_design}
For hand-held units there are two fundamental physical configurations: the \"integral\" unit with both detector and electronics in the same unit, and the \"two-piece\" design which has a separate detector probe... | 448 | Geiger counter | 3 |
12,984 | # Geiger counter
## History
In 1908 Hans Geiger, under the supervision of Ernest Rutherford at the Victoria University of Manchester (now the University of Manchester), developed an experimental technique for detecting alpha particles that would later be used to develop the Geiger--Müller tube in 1928. This early cou... | 390 | Geiger counter | 4 |
12,985 | # General Synod
The **General Synod** is the title of the governing body of some church organizations.
## Anglican Communion {#anglican_communion}
The General Synod of the Church of England, which was established in 1970 replacing the Church Assembly, is the legislative body of the Church of England.
The equivalent... | 439 | General Synod | 0 |
12,994 | # Glasgow City Chambers
The **City Chambers** or **Municipal Buildings** in Glasgow, Scotland, has functioned as the headquarters of Glasgow City Council since 1996, and of preceding forms of municipal government in the city since 1889. It is located on the eastern side of the city\'s George Square. It is a Category A... | 322 | Glasgow City Chambers | 0 |
12,994 | # Glasgow City Chambers
## Architecture
### Exterior
The building is in the Beaux arts style, an interpretation of Renaissance Classicism incorporating Italianate styles with a vast range of ornate decoration, used to express the wealth and industrial export-led economic prosperity of the Second City of the Empire. ... | 482 | Glasgow City Chambers | 1 |
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