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13,021 | # Gilbert and Sullivan
**Gilbert and Sullivan** refers to the Victorian-era theatrical partnership of the dramatist W. S. Gilbert (1836--1911) and the composer Arthur Sullivan (1842--1900) and to the works they jointly created. The two men collaborated on fourteen comic operas between 1871 and 1896, of which *H.M.S. P... | 397 | Gilbert and Sullivan | 0 |
13,021 | # Gilbert and Sullivan
## Beginnings
### Gilbert before Sullivan {#gilbert_before_sullivan}
Gilbert was born in London on 18 November 1836. His father, William, was a naval surgeon who later wrote novels and short stories, some of which included illustrations by his son. In 1861, to supplement his income, the younge... | 644 | Gilbert and Sullivan | 1 |
13,021 | # Gilbert and Sullivan
## Operas
### First collaborations {#first_collaborations}
#### *Thespis*
upright=1.25\|thumb\|A contemporary illustration of *Thespis* from *The Illustrated London News* of 6 January 1872 In 1871, producer John Hollingshead brought Gilbert and Sullivan together to produce a Christmas enterta... | 1,030 | Gilbert and Sullivan | 2 |
13,021 | # Gilbert and Sullivan
## Operas
### Early successes {#early_successes}
#### *The Sorcerer* {#the_sorcerer}
Carte\'s real ambition was to develop an English form of light opera that would displace the bawdy burlesques and badly translated French operettas then dominating the London stage. He assembled a syndicate an... | 1,412 | Gilbert and Sullivan | 3 |
13,021 | # Gilbert and Sullivan
## Operas
### Savoy Theatre opens {#savoy_theatre_opens}
#### *Patience*
*Patience* (1881) satirised the aesthetic movement in general and its colourful poets in particular, combining aspects of A. C. Swinburne, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Oscar Wilde, James McNeill Whistler and others in the riva... | 994 | Gilbert and Sullivan | 4 |
13,021 | # Gilbert and Sullivan
## Operas
### Dodging the magic lozenge {#dodging_the_magic_lozenge}
#### *The Mikado* {#the_mikado}
The most successful of the Savoy Operas was *The Mikado* (1885), which made fun of English bureaucracy, thinly disguised by a Japanese setting. Gilbert initially proposed a story for a new oper... | 1,285 | Gilbert and Sullivan | 5 |
13,021 | # Gilbert and Sullivan
## Operas
### Dodging the magic lozenge {#dodging_the_magic_lozenge}
#### *The Gondoliers* {#the_gondoliers}
*The Gondoliers* (1889) takes place partly in Venice and partly in a fictional kingdom ruled by a pair of gondoliers who attempt to remodel the monarchy in a spirit of \"republican equal... | 214 | Gilbert and Sullivan | 6 |
13,021 | # Gilbert and Sullivan
## Operas
### Carpet quarrel {#carpet_quarrel}
Though Gilbert and Sullivan\'s working relationship was mostly cordial and even friendly, it sometimes became strained, especially during their later operas, partly because each man saw himself as allowing his work to be subjugated to the other\'s,... | 666 | Gilbert and Sullivan | 7 |
13,021 | # Gilbert and Sullivan
## Operas
### Last works {#last_works}
*Utopia, Limited* (1893), their penultimate opera, was a very modest success, and their last, *The Grand Duke* (1896), was an outright failure. Neither work entered the canon of regularly performed Gilbert and Sullivan works until the D\'Oyly Carte Opera C... | 458 | Gilbert and Sullivan | 8 |
13,021 | # Gilbert and Sullivan
## Legacy and assessment {#legacy_and_assessment}
Gilbert died in 1911, and Richard\'s son, Rupert D\'Oyly Carte, took over the opera company upon his step-mother\'s death in 1913. His daughter, Bridget, inherited the company upon his death in 1948. The D\'Oyly Carte Opera Company toured nearly... | 1,388 | Gilbert and Sullivan | 9 |
13,021 | # Gilbert and Sullivan
## Legacy and assessment {#legacy_and_assessment}
### Recordings and broadcasts {#recordings_and_broadcasts}
The first commercial recordings of individual numbers from the Savoy operas began in 1898.`{{refn|The first was "Take a pair of sparkling eyes", from ''The Gondoliers''.<ref>Wolfson, Joh... | 326 | Gilbert and Sullivan | 10 |
13,021 | # Gilbert and Sullivan
## Legacy and assessment {#legacy_and_assessment}
### Cultural influence {#cultural_influence}
*Main article: Cultural impact of Gilbert and Sullivan* For nearly 150 years, Gilbert and Sullivan have pervasively influenced popular culture in the English-speaking world, and lines and quotations f... | 754 | Gilbert and Sullivan | 11 |
13,021 | # Gilbert and Sullivan
## Collaborations
### Major works and original London runs {#major_works_and_original_london_runs}
- *Thespis*; or, *The Gods Grown Old* (1871) 63 performances
- *Trial by Jury* (1875) 131 performances
- *The Sorcerer* (1877) 178 performances
- *H.M.S. Pinafore*; or, *The Lass That Lov... | 791 | Gilbert and Sullivan | 12 |
13,021 | # Gilbert and Sullivan
## Alternative versions {#alternative_versions}
### Translations
Gilbert and Sullivan operas have been translated into many languages, including Yiddish, Hebrew, Portuguese, Swedish, Dutch, Danish, Estonian, Hungarian, Russian, Japanese, French, Italian, Spanish (reportedly including a zarzuel... | 485 | Gilbert and Sullivan | 13 |
13,029 | # Gallurese
**Gallurese** (*gadduresu*) is a Romance dialect of the Italo-Dalmatian family spoken in the region of Gallura, northeastern Sardinia. Gallurese is variously described as a distinct southern dialect of Corsican or transitional language of the dialect continuum between Corsican and Sardinian. \"Gallurese In... | 355 | Gallurese | 0 |
13,029 | # Gallurese
## Relation to Corsican {#relation_to_corsican}
Gallurese is classified by some linguists as a dialect of Corsican, and by others as a dialect of Sardinian. In any case, a great deal of similarity exists between Southern Corsican dialects and Gallurese, while there is relatively more distance from the nei... | 434 | Gallurese | 1 |
13,033 | # List of glues
There are many adhesive substances that are considered or commonly referred to as *glue*. Historically, the term only referred to protein colloids prepared from animal flesh. The meaning has been extended to refer to any fluid adhesive. `{{Expand list|date=August 2008}}`{=mediawiki}
## Plant- and anim... | 663 | List of glues | 0 |
13,033 | # List of glues
## Synthetic glues {#synthetic_glues}
### Synthetic monomer glues {#synthetic_monomer_glues}
Type Subtypes Source(s) Manufacture Chemistry Volatiles Safety Properties Shelf life Working time Setting Strength Solvents Uses ... | 383 | List of glues | 1 |
13,035 | # Gaussian elimination
In mathematics, **Gaussian elimination**, also known as **row reduction**, is an algorithm for solving systems of linear equations. It consists of a sequence of row-wise operations performed on the corresponding matrix of coefficients. This method can also be used to compute the rank of a matrix... | 432 | Gaussian elimination | 0 |
13,035 | # Gaussian elimination
## Definitions and example of algorithm {#definitions_and_example_of_algorithm}
The process of row reduction makes use of elementary row operations, and can be divided into two parts. The first part (sometimes called forward elimination) reduces a given system to row echelon form, from which on... | 592 | Gaussian elimination | 1 |
13,035 | # Gaussian elimination
## Definitions and example of algorithm {#definitions_and_example_of_algorithm}
### Example of the algorithm {#example_of_the_algorithm}
Suppose the goal is to find and describe the set of solutions to the following system of linear equations: $\begin{alignat}{4}
2x &{}+{}& y &{}-{}& z &{}={... | 781 | Gaussian elimination | 2 |
13,035 | # Gaussian elimination
## History
The method of Gaussian elimination appears -- albeit without proof -- in the Chinese mathematical text Chapter Eight: *Rectangular Arrays* of *The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art*. Its use is illustrated in eighteen problems, with two to five equations. The first reference to t... | 375 | Gaussian elimination | 3 |
13,035 | # Gaussian elimination
## Applications
Historically, the first application of the row reduction method is for solving systems of linear equations. Below are some other important applications of the algorithm.
### Computing determinants {#computing_determinants}
To explain how Gaussian elimination allows the computa... | 882 | Gaussian elimination | 4 |
13,035 | # Gaussian elimination
## Computational efficiency {#computational_efficiency}
The number of arithmetic operations required to perform row reduction is one way of measuring the algorithm\'s computational efficiency. For example, to solve a system of `{{math|''n''}}`{=mediawiki} equations for `{{math|''n''}}`{=mediawi... | 660 | Gaussian elimination | 5 |
13,035 | # Gaussian elimination
## Generalizations
Gaussian elimination can be performed over any field, not just the real numbers.
Buchberger\'s algorithm is a generalization of Gaussian elimination to systems of polynomial equations. This generalization depends heavily on the notion of a monomial order. The choice of an or... | 432 | Gaussian elimination | 6 |
13,038 | # Gladstone Gander
**Gladstone Gander** is a cartoon character created in 1948 by Carl Barks for *Walt Disney\'s Comics and Stories*. He is an anthropomorphic gander (male goose) who possesses exceptionally good luck that grants him anything he desires as well as protecting him from any harm. This is in contrast to hi... | 534 | Gladstone Gander | 0 |
13,038 | # Gladstone Gander
## Character
Gladstone\'s good luck defies probability and provides him with anything that would be to his benefit or enjoyment; as well as things he specifically wishes for, which are at times related to the plot of some stories. This could range from finding wallets and other valuables on the sid... | 1,428 | Gladstone Gander | 1 |
13,038 | # Gladstone Gander
## Character
His exact relation to the Duck Family Tree at its early stages was somewhat uncertain. In Carl Barks\' original version of the family tree from the 1950s, Gladstone was the son of Luke the Goose and Daphne Duck who died by overeating at a free-lunch picnic. He was later adopted by Mati... | 173 | Gladstone Gander | 2 |
13,038 | # Gladstone Gander
## Animation
Gladstone makes two speaking appearances in the animated series *DuckTales*, where he was voiced by Rob Paulsen. In these episodes he is not characterized as much of a braggart he is in the comics but rather focusing much more on his care-free nature, and additionally acting a bit more... | 299 | Gladstone Gander | 3 |
13,039 | # Gordon Michael Woolvett
**Gordon Michael Woolvett** (born 1970) is a Canadian actor from Hamilton, Ontario.
## Career
Woolvett\'s most enduring role was as Seamus Zelazny Harper on the television series *Andromeda* (2000--2005). Prior to *Andromeda* he starred in another science fiction television series, *Deepwat... | 276 | Gordon Michael Woolvett | 0 |
13,039 | # Gordon Michael Woolvett
## Filmography
### Film
Year Title Role Notes
------ ------------------------------------------------------- --------------- -------
1985 *Joshua Now and Then* Teddy Shapiro
1990 ... | 293 | Gordon Michael Woolvett | 1 |
13,041 | # Growth factor
A **growth factor** is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cell proliferation, wound healing, and occasionally cellular differentiation. Usually it is a secreted protein or a steroid hormone. Growth factors are important for regulating a variety of cellular processes.
Growth factors... | 318 | Growth factor | 0 |
13,041 | # Growth factor
## List of classes {#list_of_classes}
Individual growth factor proteins tend to occur as members of larger families of structurally and evolutionarily related proteins. There are many families, some of which are listed below:
- Adrenomedullin (AM)
- Angiopoietin (Ang)
- Autocrine motility facto... | 520 | Growth factor | 1 |
13,043 | # Giuseppe Peano
**Giuseppe Peano** (`{{IPAc-en|p|i|ˈ|ɑː|n|oʊ}}`{=mediawiki}; `{{IPA|it|dʒuˈzɛppe peˈaːno|lang}}`{=mediawiki}; 27 August 1858 -- 20 April 1932) was an Italian mathematician and glottologist. The author of over 200 books and papers, he was a founder of mathematical logic and set theory, to which he cont... | 1,396 | Giuseppe Peano | 0 |
13,044 | # Gin and tonic
A **gin and tonic** is a highball cocktail made with gin and tonic water poured over a large amount of ice. The ratio of gin to tonic varies according to taste, strength of the gin, other drink mixers being added, etc., with most recipes calling for a ratio between 1:1 and 1:3. It is usually garnished ... | 739 | Gin and tonic | 0 |
13,044 | # Gin and tonic
## In popular culture {#in_popular_culture}
The trans-galactic nature of the gin and tonic is imagined in Douglas Adams\'s novel *The Restaurant at the End of the Universe*, which describes how \"85% of all known worlds in the Galaxy, be they primitive or highly advanced, have invented a drink called ... | 373 | Gin and tonic | 1 |
13,045 | # Gimlet (tool)
A **gimlet** is a hand tool for drilling small holes, mainly in wood, without splitting. It was defined in Joseph Gwilt\'s *Architecture* (1859) as \"a piece of steel of a semi-cylindrical form, hollow on one side, having a cross handle at one end and a worm or screw at the other\".
A gimlet is always... | 254 | Gimlet (tool) | 0 |
13,051 | # Gnumeric
**Gnumeric** is a spreadsheet program that is part of the GNOME Free Software Desktop Project. Gnumeric version 1.0 was released on 31 December 2001. Gnumeric is distributed as free software under the GNU General Public License; it is intended to replace proprietary spreadsheet programs like Microsoft Excel... | 252 | Gnumeric | 0 |
13,055 | # Galeon
**Galeon** is a discontinued Gecko-based web browser that was created by Marco Pesenti Gritti with the goal of delivering a consistent browsing experience to GNOME desktop environment. It gained some popularity in the early 2000s due to its speed, flexibility in configuration and features.
The disagreement o... | 772 | Galeon | 0 |
13,064 | # Granville rail disaster
The **Granville rail disaster** occurred on Tuesday 18 January 1977 at Granville, a western suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, when a crowded commuter train derailed, running into the supports of a road bridge that collapsed onto two of the train\'s passenger carriages.
While the ... | 730 | Granville rail disaster | 0 |
13,064 | # Granville rail disaster
## Aftermath
The Bold Street Bridge was rebuilt as a single span without any intermediate support piers, and other bridges similar to the destroyed bridge had their piers reinforced.
The original inquiry into the accident found that the primary cause of the crash was \"the very unsatisfacto... | 819 | Granville rail disaster | 1 |
13,064 | # Granville rail disaster
## Media
- A television docudrama, *The Day of the Roses*, was produced in 1998 about the accident.
- *The Granville Train Disaster: 35 Years of Memories* -- a 2011 book by B. J. Gobbe, an emergency worker who attended the incident.
- A television documentary, *The Train*, produced by ... | 122 | Granville rail disaster | 2 |
13,072 | # Great Victoria Desert
The **Great Victoria Desert** is a sparsely populated desert ecoregion and interim Australian bioregion in Western Australia and South Australia.
## History
In 1875, British-born Australian explorer Ernest Giles became the first European to cross the desert. He named the desert after the then... | 792 | Great Victoria Desert | 0 |
13,073 | # GNU Lesser General Public License
The **GNU Lesser General Public License** (**LGPL**) is a free-software license published by the Free Software Foundation (FSF). The license allows developers and companies to use and integrate a software component released under the LGPL into their own (even proprietary) software w... | 334 | GNU Lesser General Public License | 0 |
13,073 | # GNU Lesser General Public License
## Differences from the GPL {#differences_from_the_gpl}
The main difference between the GPL and the LGPL is that the latter allows the work to be linked with (in the case of a library, \"used by\") a non-(L)GPLed program, regardless of whether it is licensed under a license of GPL ... | 700 | GNU Lesser General Public License | 1 |
13,079 | # Glottis
The **glottis** (`{{plural form}}`{=mediawiki}: **glottises** or **glottides**) is the opening between the vocal folds (the rima glottidis). The glottis is crucial in producing sound from the vocal folds.
## Etymology
From Ancient Greek *γλωττίς* (glōttís), derived from *γλῶττα* (glôtta), variant of *γλῶσσ... | 249 | Glottis | 0 |
13,082 | # Geneva College
**Geneva College** is a private Christian college in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded in 1848 in Northwood, Ohio, the college moved to its present location in 1880. It enrolls about 1,400 undergraduates in over 30 majors, as well as graduate students in a handful of master\'s program... | 418 | Geneva College | 0 |
13,082 | # Geneva College
## Academics
Geneva offers undergraduate degree programs in the arts and sciences, such as elementary education, business, engineering, student ministry, biology, and psychology. In 2006, the Educational Testing Service (ETS) rated the Business and Accounting undergraduates in the 95th percentile amo... | 537 | Geneva College | 1 |
13,082 | # Geneva College
## Culture and traditions {#culture_and_traditions}
Students must attend a designated number of weekly college-sponsored chapels to qualify for graduation. Alcohol is banned from the campus, and tobacco use is restricted from the entire campus. Greek letter fraternities and sororities are not permitt... | 320 | Geneva College | 2 |
13,082 | # Geneva College
## Facilities
### Offices and classrooms {#offices_and_classrooms}
- Alexander Hall---Admissions, Financial Aid, Alumni Relations, and the Geneva College Foundation (first floor), and main dining hall (second floor).
- Alumni Hall, the primary music building, including music department offices
-... | 721 | Geneva College | 3 |
13,087 | # GW-BASIC
**GW-BASIC** is a dialect of the BASIC programming language developed by Microsoft from IBM BASICA. Functionally identical to BASICA, its BASIC interpreter is a fully self-contained executable and does not need the Cassette BASIC ROM found in the original. It was bundled with MS-DOS operating systems on IBM... | 1,154 | GW-BASIC | 0 |
13,088 | # Granite
**Granite** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|r|æ|n|ɪ|t}}`{=mediawiki} `{{respell|GRAN|it}}`{=mediawiki}) is a coarse-grained (phaneritic) intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase. It forms from magma with a high content of silica and alkali metal oxides that slowly cools and solidifi... | 919 | Granite | 0 |
13,088 | # Granite
## Origin
Granite forms from silica-rich (felsic) magmas. Felsic magmas are thought to form by addition of heat or water vapor to rock of the lower crust, rather than by decompression of mantle rock, as is the case with basaltic magmas. It has also been suggested that some granites found at convergent bound... | 899 | Granite | 1 |
13,088 | # Granite
## Origin
### Granitization
Granitization is an old, and largely discounted, hypothesis that granite is formed in place through extreme metasomatism. The idea behind granitization was that fluids would supposedly bring in elements such as potassium, and remove others, such as calcium, to transform a metamor... | 355 | Granite | 2 |
13,088 | # Granite
## Ascent and emplacement {#ascent_and_emplacement}
Granite magmas have a density of 2.4 Mg/m^3^, much less than the 2.8 Mg/m^3^ of high-grade metamorphic rock. This gives them tremendous buoyancy, so that ascent of the magma is inevitable once enough magma has accumulated. However, the question of precisel... | 555 | Granite | 3 |
13,088 | # Granite
## Weathering
Physical weathering occurs on a large scale in the form of exfoliation joints, which are the result of granite\'s expanding and fracturing as pressure is relieved when overlying material is removed by erosion or other processes.
Chemical weathering of granite occurs when dilute carbonic acid,... | 350 | Granite | 4 |
13,088 | # Granite
## Natural radiation {#natural_radiation}
Granite is a natural source of radiation, like most natural stones. Potassium-40 is a radioactive isotope of weak emission, and a constituent of alkali feldspar, which in turn is a common component of granitic rocks, more abundant in alkali feldspar granite and syen... | 350 | Granite | 5 |
13,088 | # Granite
## Industry and uses {#industry_and_uses}
Granite and related marble industries are considered one of the oldest industries in the world, existing as far back as Ancient Egypt. Major modern exporters of granite include China, India, Italy, Brazil, Canada, Germany, Sweden, Spain and the United States.
### A... | 506 | Granite | 6 |
13,088 | # Granite
## Industry and uses {#industry_and_uses}
### Modern
#### Sculpture and memorials {#sculpture_and_memorials}
In some areas, granite is used for gravestones and memorials. Granite is a hard stone and requires skill to carve by hand. Until the early 18th century, in the Western world, granite could be carved... | 700 | Granite | 7 |
13,088 | # Granite
## Gallery
<File:St>. Louis wharf cobbles 20090121 1.jpg\|Granite was used for setts on the St. Louis riverfront and for the piers of the Eads Bridge (background) <File:Torres> del Paine, Patagonia (2004).jpg\|The granite peaks of the Cordillera Paine in the Chilean Patagonia <File:Yosemite> 20 bg 090404.jp... | 105 | Granite | 8 |
13,089 | # Global Climate Coalition
The **Global Climate Coalition** (GCC) (1989--2001) was an international lobbyist group of businesses that opposed action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and engaged in climate change denial, publicly challenging the science behind global warming. The GCC was the largest industry group ac... | 617 | Global Climate Coalition | 0 |
13,089 | # Global Climate Coalition
## Advocacy activities {#advocacy_activities}
GCC was one of the most powerful lobbyist groups against action to mitigate global warming. It was the most prominent industry advocate in international climate negotiations, and led a campaign opposed to policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissi... | 971 | Global Climate Coalition | 1 |
13,089 | # Global Climate Coalition
## Advocacy activities {#advocacy_activities}
### IPCC Second Assessment Report {#ipcc_second_assessment_report}
GCC was an industry participant in the review process of the IPCC Second Assessment Report. In 1996, prior to the publication of the Second Assessment Report, GCC distributed a r... | 496 | Global Climate Coalition | 2 |
13,089 | # Global Climate Coalition
## Membership decline {#membership_decline}
GCC\'s challenge to science prompted a backlash from environmental groups. Environmentalists described GCC as a \"club for polluters\" and called for members to withdraw their support. \"Abandonment of the Global Climate Coalition by leading compa... | 515 | Global Climate Coalition | 3 |
13,092 | # Charles Goren
**Charles Henry Goren** (March 4, 1901 -- April 3, 1991) was an American bridge player and writer who significantly developed and popularized the game. He was the leading American bridge personality in the 1950s and 1960s and widely known as \"Mr. Bridge\".
## Early years {#early_years}
Goren was bor... | 320 | Charles Goren | 0 |
13,092 | # Charles Goren
## Bridge contributions {#bridge_contributions}
After Milton Work died in 1934, Goren began his own bridge writing career and published the first of his many books on playing bridge, *Winning Bridge Made Easy*, in 1936. Drawing on his experience with Work\'s system, Goren quickly became popular as an ... | 852 | Charles Goren | 1 |
13,092 | # Charles Goren
## Publications
- *Winning Bridge Made Easy: a simplified self-teaching method of contract bidding combining all the principles of the new Culbertson system with the principal features of the four aces system* (Harrisburg, PA: The Telegraph Press, 1936), 92 pp., `{{LCCN|36014872}}`{=mediawiki}
- *... | 440 | Charles Goren | 2 |
13,114 | # Geoff Ryman
**Geoffrey Charles Ryman** (born 1951) is a Canadian writer of science fiction, fantasy, slipstream and historical fiction. Ryman has written and published seven novels, including an early example of a hypertext novel, *253*. He has won multiple awards, including the World Fantasy Award.
## Biography
R... | 892 | Geoff Ryman | 0 |
13,116 | # Gavoi
**Gavoi** is a *comune* in central Sardinia (Italy), part of the province of Nuoro, in the natural region of Barbagia. It overlooks Lake Gusana.
## History
The territory of Gavoi is inhabited since the prenuragic period. During the middleage is cited various times in the list of villages and towns that paid ... | 240 | Gavoi | 0 |
13,117 | # Lake Gusana
**Lake Gusana** (*Lago di Gusana*) is an artificial lake near the town of Gavoi in the interior of Sardinia, Italy.
The lake was built in the 1930s to store water for an electricity generator (central of Coghinadordza), and it covered an ancient Roman bridge as well as an ancient archaeological site of ... | 64 | Lake Gusana | 0 |
13,122 | # Province of Grosseto
The **province of Grosseto** (*provincia di Grosseto*) is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Grosseto. As of 2013 the province had a total population of 225,098 people.
## Geography
The Province of Grosseto completely occupies the southern end of Tuscany, and... | 377 | Province of Grosseto | 0 |
13,126 | # Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis
**Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis** (`{{IPA|fr|ɡaspaʁ ɡystav də kɔʁjɔlis|lang}}`{=mediawiki}; 21 May 1792 -- 19 September 1843) was a French mathematician, mechanical engineer and scientist. He is best known for his work on the supplementary forces that are detected in a rotating frame of ref... | 543 | Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis | 0 |
13,131 | # Géza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians
Géza of Hungary}} `{{Good article}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Infobox royalty
| name =Géza
| image =Geza-ChroniconPictum.jpg
| caption =Depicted in the ''[[Illuminated Chronicle]]''
| succession =[[Grand Prince of the Hungarians]]
| reign =early 970s – 997
| corona... | 411 | Géza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians | 0 |
13,131 | # Géza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians
## Reign
Géza succeeded his father around 972. He adopted a centralizing policy, which gave rise to his fame as a merciless ruler. The longer version of his son\'s *Life* even states that Géza\'s hands were \"defiled with blood\". Pál Engel wrote that Géza carried out a \"large-... | 524 | Géza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians | 1 |
13,131 | # Géza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians
## Family
Sarolt gave birth to at least three of Géza\'s children: Stephen, who succeeded his father on the throne, and two unnamed daughters. Sarolt survived Géza, which suggests that she was also the mother of Géza\'s daughters. Based on the *Polish-Hungarian Chronicle*, Szabo... | 421 | Géza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians | 2 |
13,141 | # George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
**George of Brandenburg-Ansbach** (German: *Georg*; 4 March 1484 -- 27 December 1543), known as **George the Pious** (*Georg der Fromme*), was a Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach from the House of Hohenzollern.
## Biography
### Early life {#early_life}
He was born in Ansbach,... | 633 | George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach | 0 |
13,141 | # George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
## Biography
### Reformation in Franconia {#reformation_in_franconia}
In the hereditary lands Brandenburg-Ansbach in Franconia, where with his older brother Casimir of Brandenburg-Kulmbach he had assumed the regency in place of their father, he encountered greater difficultie... | 399 | George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach | 1 |
13,141 | # George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
## Biography
### Influence beyond his territories {#influence_beyond_his_territories}
George\'s influence manifested itself also in the development of the German Reformation as a whole. When a union of the evangelicals in upper and lower Germany was contemplated as a means of... | 472 | George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach | 2 |
13,145 | # Gerolamo Cardano
**Gerolamo Cardano** (`{{IPA|it|dʒeˈrɔːlamo karˈdaːno|lang}}`{=mediawiki}; also **Girolamo** or **Geronimo**; *Jérôme Cardan*; *Hieronymus Cardanus*; 24 September 1501-- 21 September 1576) was an Italian polymath whose interests and proficiencies ranged through those of mathematician, physician, bio... | 660 | Gerolamo Cardano | 0 |
13,145 | # Gerolamo Cardano
## Mathematics
Gerolamo Cardano was the first European mathematician to make systematic use of negative numbers. He published with attribution the solution of Scipione del Ferro to the cubic equation and the solution of Cardano\'s student Lodovico Ferrari to the quartic equation in his 1545 book *A... | 287 | Gerolamo Cardano | 1 |
13,145 | # Gerolamo Cardano
## Other contributions {#other_contributions}
Cardano was a music theorist who studied music privately in Milan in his youth. He wrote two treatises on music, both of which were titled *De Musica*. The first was published within his 1663 work *Hieronymi Cardani Mediolanensis Opera Omnia*. It is of ... | 610 | Gerolamo Cardano | 2 |
13,145 | # Gerolamo Cardano
## Later years and death {#later_years_and_death}
Two of Cardano\'s children --- Giovanni Battista and Aldo Urbano --- came to ignoble ends. Giovanni Battista, Cardano\'s eldest and favourite son was arrested in 1560 for having poisoned his wife, after he had discovered that their three children we... | 326 | Gerolamo Cardano | 3 |
13,145 | # Gerolamo Cardano
## Works
- *De malo recentiorum medicorum medendi usu libellus*, Hieronymus Scotus, Venice, 1536 (on medicine).
- *Practica arithmetice et mensurandi singularis* (on mathematics), Io. Antoninus Castellioneus/Bernadino Caluscho, Milan, 1539.
- *De Consolatione, Libri tres*, Hieronymus Scotus, ... | 599 | Gerolamo Cardano | 4 |
13,158 | # Gilles Apap
**Gilles Apap** (born 21 May 1963) is a French classical violinist. Born in Béjaïa, Algeria, he was raised in Nice, France. In 1985 he won first prize in the contemporary music category at the Yehudi Menuhin Competition. He served as concertmaster with the Santa Barbara Symphony Orchestra for 10 years, b... | 230 | Gilles Apap | 0 |
13,169 | # Gneiss
**Gneiss** (pronounced `{{IPAc-en|n|aɪ|s}}`{=mediawiki} `{{respell|nice}}`{=mediawiki}) is a common and widely distributed type of metamorphic rock. It is formed by high-temperature and high-pressure metamorphic processes acting on formations composed of igneous or sedimentary rocks. This rock is formed under... | 813 | Gneiss | 0 |
13,169 | # Gneiss
## Occurrences
Gneisses are characteristic of areas of regional metamorphism that reaches the middle amphibolite to granulite metamorphic facies. In other words, the rock was metamorphosed at a temperature in excess of 600 C at pressures between about 2 to 24 kbar. Many different varieties of rock can be met... | 435 | Gneiss | 1 |
13,169 | # Gneiss
## Etymology
The word *gneiss* has been used in English since at least 1757. It is borrowed from the German word *italic=no*, formerly also spelled *italic=no*, which is probably derived from the Middle High German noun *gneist* \"spark\" (so called because the rock glitters).
## Uses
Gneiss is used as a b... | 78 | Gneiss | 2 |
13,216 | # Hold come what may
\"**Hold come what may**\" is a phrase popularized by logician Willard Van Orman Quine. Beliefs that are \"held come what may\" are beliefs one is unwilling to give up, regardless of any evidence with which one might be presented.
Quine held that any belief can be held come what may, so long as o... | 325 | Hold come what may | 0 |
13,219 | # Howard Hawks
**Howard Winchester Hawks** (May 30, 1896`{{spaced ndash}}`{=mediawiki}December 26, 1977) was an American film director, producer, and screenwriter of the classic Hollywood era. Critic Leonard Maltin called him \"the greatest American director who is not a household name.\" Roger Ebert called Hawks \"on... | 302 | Howard Hawks | 0 |
13,219 | # Howard Hawks
## Early life and background {#early_life_and_background}
Howard Winchester Hawks was born in Goshen, Indiana. He was the first-born child of Frank Winchester Hawks (1865--1950), a wealthy paper manufacturer, and his wife, Helen Brown (née Howard; 1872--1952), the daughter of a wealthy industrialist. H... | 640 | Howard Hawks | 1 |
13,219 | # Howard Hawks
## Career
### Entering films (1916--1925) {#entering_films_19161925}
Howard Hawks\'s interest and passion for aviation led him to many important experiences and acquaintances. In 1916, Hawks met Victor Fleming, a Hollywood cinematographer who had been an auto mechanic and early aviator. Hawks had begu... | 886 | Howard Hawks | 2 |
13,219 | # Howard Hawks
## Career
### Silent films (1925--1929) {#silent_films_19251929}
In October 1925, Sol Wurtzel, William Fox\'s studio superintendent at the Fox Film Corporation, invited Hawks to join his company with the promise of letting him direct. Over the next three years, Hawks directed his first eight films (six... | 1,079 | Howard Hawks | 3 |
13,219 | # Howard Hawks
## Career
### Early sound films (1930--1934) {#early_sound_films_19301934}
By 1930, Hollywood was in upheaval over the coming of \"talkies\", and the careers of many actors and directors were ruined. Hollywood studios were recruiting stage actors and directors that they believed were better suited for ... | 779 | Howard Hawks | 4 |
13,219 | # Howard Hawks
## Career
### Later sound films (1935--1970) {#later_sound_films_19351970}
In 1934, Hawks went to Columbia Pictures to make *Twentieth Century*, starring John Barrymore and Hawks\'s distant cousin Carole Lombard. It was based on a stage play by Hecht and Charles MacArthur and, along with Frank Capra\'s... | 1,190 | Howard Hawks | 5 |
13,219 | # Howard Hawks
## Career
### Later sound films (1935--1970) {#later_sound_films_19351970}
In 1951, Hawks produced, and according to some, directed, a science-fiction film, *The Thing from Another World*. Director John Carpenter stated: \"And let\'s get the record straight. The movie was directed by Howard Hawks. Veri... | 570 | Howard Hawks | 6 |
13,219 | # Howard Hawks
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Howard Hawks was married three times: to actress Athole Shearer, sister of Norma Shearer, from 1928 to 1940; to socialite and fashion icon Slim Keith from 1941 to 1949; and to actress Dee Hartford from 1953 to 1959. Hawks had two children with Shearer, Barbara and Davi... | 466 | Howard Hawks | 7 |
13,219 | # Howard Hawks
## Style
Hawks was a versatile director whose career includes comedies, dramas, gangster films, science fiction, film noir, and Westerns. Hawks\'s own functional definition of what constitutes a good film is characteristic of his no-nonsense style: \"three good scenes, and no bad ones.\" Hawks also def... | 643 | Howard Hawks | 8 |
13,219 | # Howard Hawks
## Awards and recognition {#awards_and_recognition}
In 1962, Peter Bogdanovich suggested that the Museum of Modern Art do a retrospective on Howard Hawks, who was in the process of releasing *Hatari!* For marketing purposes, Paramount paid for part of the exhibition, which traveled to Paris and London.... | 454 | Howard Hawks | 9 |
13,219 | # Howard Hawks
## Influence and legacy {#influence_and_legacy}
In the 1950s, Eugene Archer, a film fan, was planning on writing a book on important American film directors such as John Ford. However, after reading *Cahiers du Cinéma*, Archer learned that the French film scene was more interested in Alfred Hitchcock a... | 657 | Howard Hawks | 10 |
13,240 | # Hollywood cycles
In the **classic era of the cinema of the United States** (1930 -- 1945) **genres** matured. A \"cycle\" occurs when a large amount of films consisting of specific features are produced in a certain period of time, and following the success of films with similar topics. While most would recognize ma... | 193 | Hollywood cycles | 0 |
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