Split (1)

train · ~14.6M rows (showing the first 1.54M)

id int64 39 11.1M	section stringlengths 3 4.51M	length int64 2 49.9k	title stringlengths 1 182	chunk_id int64 0 68
12,478	# Germanicus Germanicus Julius Caesar (24 May 15 BC -- 10 October AD 19) was a Roman general and politician most famously known for his campaigns against Arminius in Germania. The son of Nero Claudius Drusus and Antonia the Younger, Germanicus was born into an influential branch of the patrician gens Claudia. Th...	597	Germanicus	0
12,478	# Germanicus ## House and early life {#house_and_early_life} upright=1.35\\|right\\|thumb\\|Ara Pacis: processional frieze showing members of the Imperial household (south face). Germanicus is the toddler holding Antonia Minor\'s hand. Germanicus was born in Rome on 24 May 15 BC to Nero Claudius Drusus and Antonia Min...	300	Germanicus	1
12,478	# Germanicus ## Career ### Batonian War {#batonian_war} Germanicus became a quaestor in AD 7, four years before the legal age of 25. He was sent to Illyricum the same year to help Tiberius suppress a rebellion by the Pannonians and Dalmatians. He brought with him an army of levied citizens and former slaves to reinf...	561	Germanicus	2
12,478	# Germanicus ## Career ### Interim upright=0.8\\|thumb\\|Battle of Teutoburg Forest, by Otto Albert Koch (1909) After a distinguished start to his military career, Germanicus returned to Rome in late AD 9 to personally announce his victory. He was honored with a triumphal insignia (without an actual triumph) and the ...	435	Germanicus	3
12,478	# Germanicus ## Career ### Commander of Roman campaigns in Germania {#commander_of_roman_campaigns_in_germania} thumb\\|upright=1.35\\|Campaigns of Tiberius and Germanicus in the years AD 10/11-13. In pink the anti-Roman Germanic coalition led by Arminius. In dark green, territories still directly held by the Romans, i...	952	Germanicus	4
12,478	# Germanicus ## Career ### Commander of Roman campaigns in Germania {#commander_of_roman_campaigns_in_germania} #### Third campaign against the Germanic tribes {#third_campaign_against_the_germanic_tribes} In preparations for his next campaign, Germanicus sent Publius Vitellius and Gaius Antius to collect taxes in Ga...	577	Germanicus	5
12,478	# Germanicus ## Career ### Commander of Roman campaigns in Germania {#commander_of_roman_campaigns_in_germania} #### Result The effort it would have taken to conquer Germania Magna was deemed too great when compared with the low potential for profit from acquiring the new territory. Rome regarded Germany as a wild te...	440	Germanicus	6
12,478	# Germanicus ## Career ### Command in Asia {#command_in_asia} Following his triumph, Germanicus was sent to Asia to reorganize the provinces and kingdoms there, which were in such disarray that the attention of a domus Augusta was deemed necessary to settle matters. Germanicus was given imperium maius (extraordin...	885	Germanicus	7
12,478	# Germanicus ## Post-mortem {#post_mortem} \[\[<File:Benjamin> West 001.jpg\\|thumb\\|left\\|upright=1.35\\|Benjamin West, Agrippina Landing at Brundisium with the Ashes of Germanicus (1768), oil on canvas. `Yale University`` Art Gallery, ``New Haven``]]` When Rome had received word of Germanicus\' death, the people ...	789	Germanicus	8
12,478	# Germanicus ## Literary activity {#literary_activity} In AD 4, Germanicus wrote a Latin version of Aratus\'s Phainomena, which survives, wherein he rewrites the contents of the original. For example, he replaces the opening hymn to Zeus with a passage in honor of the Roman emperor. He avoided writing in the poetic...	792	Germanicus	9
12,479	# Giulio Alberoni Giulio Alberoni (21 May 1664 OS -- 26 June NS 1752) was an Italian cardinal and statesman in the service of Philip V of Spain. ## Early years {#early_years} He was born near Piacenza on May 21, 1664, probably at the village of Fiorenzuola d\'Arda in the Duchy of Parma. His father, who was a ga...	943	Giulio Alberoni	0
12,479	# Giulio Alberoni ## Later years {#later_years} Alberoni followed the order and left Spain for Italy. At Lleida, his belongings were searched to ensure that no state papers were in his possession. After leaving Barcelona, he was plundered by bandits. His baggage was again searched at Narbonne, by Customs officers und...	521	Giulio Alberoni	1
12,479	# Giulio Alberoni ## Death and legacy {#death_and_legacy} He died on 26 June 1752, leaving a sum of 600,000 ducats to endow the seminary he had founded. He left the rest of the immense wealth he had acquired in Spain to his nephew. Alberoni produced many manuscripts. The genuineness of the Political Testament, publis...	182	Giulio Alberoni	2
12,482	# Girolamo Aleandro Girolamo Aleandro (also Hieronymus Aleander; 13 February 1480 -- 1 February 1542) was an Italian humanist, linguist, and cardinal. ## Life Aleandro was born on 13 February 1480 in Motta di Livenza, in the province of Treviso, part of the Republic of Venice. The son of a doctor, he studied...	630	Girolamo Aleandro	0
12,483	# Galeazzo Alessi Galeazzo Alessi (1512 -- 30 December 1572) was an Italian architect from Perugia, known throughout Europe for his distinctive style based on his enthusiasm for ancient architecture. He studied drawing for civil and military architecture under the direction of Giovanni Battista Caporali. For a nu...	371	Galeazzo Alessi	0
12,484	# Giulio Alenio Giulio Aleni (Julius Alenius; 1582 -- 10 June 1649), in Chinese `{{nowrap\|'''Ai Rulüe'''}}`{=mediawiki}, was an Italian Jesuit missionary and scholar. He was born in Leno near Brescia in Italy, at the time part of the Republic of Venice, and died at Yanping in China. He became a member of the Soc...	439	Giulio Alenio	0
12,499	# Gregorio Allegri Gregorio Allegri (c. 14 January 1582`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}17 February 1652) was an Italian Catholic priest and composer of the Roman School and brother of Domenico Allegri; he was also a singer. He was born and died in Rome. He is chiefly known for his Miserere for two choirs. ## Life He stud...	293	Gregorio Allegri	0
12,499	# Gregorio Allegri ## The Miserere {#the_miserere} By far the best-known and regarded piece of music composed by Allegri is the Miserere mei, Deus, a setting of Vulgate Psalm 50 (= Psalm 51). It is written for two choirs, the one of five and the other of four voices, and has obtained considerable celebrity. One o...	461	Gregorio Allegri	1
12,500	# Goodness (band) Goodness was an American rock band from Seattle, Washington, led by Carrie Akre, formerly of Hammerbox and now primarily a solo artist. Goodness featured Akre (vocals), Danny Newcomb (lead guitar), Garth Reeves (guitar), Fiia McGann (bass), and Chris Friel (drums). Akre, Friel, and Newcomb later ...	148	Goodness (band)	0
12,504	# Giovanni d'Andrea Giovanni d\'Andrea or Johannes Andreæ (1270 `{{abbr\|×\|sometime between}}`{=mediawiki} 1275 -- 1348) was an Italian expert in canon law. His contemporaries referred to him as iuris canonici fons et tuba (\"the fount and trumpet of canon law\"). Most important among his works were extensive...	489	Giovanni d'Andrea	0
12,509	# Gloria Gaynor Gloria Fowles (born September 7, 1943), known professionally as Gloria Gaynor, is an American singer, best known for the disco era hits \"I Will Survive\" (1978), \"Let Me Know (I Have a Right)\" (1979), \"I Am What I Am\" (1983), and her version of \"Never Can Say Goodbye\" (1974). ## Early l...	297	Gloria Gaynor	0
12,509	# Gloria Gaynor ## Music career {#music_career} ### Early years {#early_years} Gaynor was a singer with The Soul Satisfiers, a jazz and R&B music band of the 1960s. She recorded \"She\'ll Be Sorry\" as Gloria Gaynor in 1965, for Johnny Nash\'s \"Jocida\" label. Her first real success came in 1973 when she was signed...	909	Gloria Gaynor	1
12,509	# Gloria Gaynor ## Music career {#music_career} ### Career revival {#career_revival} Gaynor\'s career received a revitalizing spark in the early- and mid-1990s with the worldwide disco revival movement. During the late 1990s, she dabbled in acting for a while, guest-starring on The Wayans Bros, That \'70s Show (s...	918	Gloria Gaynor	2
12,509	# Gloria Gaynor ## Discography Albums: `{{Div col}}`{=mediawiki} - Never Can Say Goodbye (1975) - Experience Gloria Gaynor (1975) - I\'ve Got You (1976) - Glorious (1977) - Gloria Gaynor\'s Park Avenue Sound (1978) - Love Tracks (1978) - I Have a Right (1979) - Stories (1980) - *I K...	186	Gloria Gaynor	3
12,529	# Grímnismál *Grímnismál* (Old Norse: `{{IPA\|non\|ˈɡriːmnesˌmɔːl\|}}`{=mediawiki}; \'The Lay of Grímnir\') is one of the mythological poems of the Poetic Edda. It is preserved in the Codex Regius manuscript and the AM 748 I 4to fragment. It is spoken through the voice of Grímnir, one of the many guises of the go...	719	Grímnismál	0
12,534	# Geographical mile The geographical mile is an international unit of length determined by 1 minute of arc (`{{sfrac\|1\|60}}`{=mediawiki} degree) along the Earth\'s equator. For the international ellipsoid 1924 this equalled 1855.4 metres. The American Practical Navigator 2017 defines the geographical mile as 608...	631	Geographical mile	0
12,539	# Genitive case In grammar, the genitive case (abbreviated `{{smallcaps\|'''gen'''}}`{=mediawiki}) is the grammatical case that marks a word, usually a noun, as modifying another word, also usually a noun---thus indicating an attributive relationship of one noun to the other noun. A genitive can also serve purposes...	335	Genitive case	0
12,539	# Genitive case ## Functions Depending on the language, specific varieties of genitive-noun--main-noun relationships may include: - possession (see possessive case, possessed case): - inalienable possession (\"Janet\'s height\", \"Janet\'s existence\", \"Janet\'s long fingers\") - alienable pos...	528	Genitive case	1
12,539	# Genitive case ## Finnic genitives and accusatives {#finnic_genitives_and_accusatives} Finnic languages (Finnish, Estonian, etc.) have genitive cases. In Finnish, prototypically the genitive is marked with -n, e.g. maa -- maan \"country -- of the country\". The stem may change, however, with consonant gradation...	399	Genitive case	2
12,539	# Genitive case ## German ### Formation #### Articles The genitive singular definite article for masculine and neuter nouns is des, while the feminine and plural definite article is der. The indefinite articles are eines for masculine and neuter nouns, and einer for feminine and plural nouns (although the b...	602	Genitive case	3
12,539	# Genitive case ## Hungarian The Hungarian genitive is constructed using the suffix -é. - madár (\'bird\'); madáré (\'bird\'s\') The genitive -é suffix is only used with the predicate of a sentence: it serves the role of mine, yours, hers, etc. The possessed object is left in the nominative case. For exam...	588	Genitive case	4
12,539	# Genitive case ## Mandarin In Mandarin Chinese, the genitive case is made by use of the particle 的 (de). However, about persons in relation to oneself, 的 is often dropped when the context allows for it to be easily understood. ## Persian Old Persian had a true genitive case inherited from Proto-Indo-European. By ...	1,020	Genitive case	5
12,539	# Genitive case ## Slavic languages {#slavic_languages} ### Partial direct object {#partial_direct_object} The genitive case is used with some verbs and mass nouns to indicate that the action covers only a part of the direct object (having a function of non-existing partitive case), whereas similar constructions usin...	402	Genitive case	6
12,539	# Genitive case ## Albanian The genitive in Albanian is formed with the help of clitics. For example: : Nominative: libër (\'book\'); vajzë (\'girl\'); : Genitive: libri i vajzës (the girl\'s book) If the possessed object is masculine, the clitic is i. If the possessed object is feminine, the clitic is ...	333	Genitive case	7
12,543	# Groupoid In mathematics, especially in category theory and homotopy theory, a groupoid (less often Brandt groupoid or virtual group) generalises the notion of group in several equivalent ways. A groupoid can be seen as a: - Group with a partial function replacing the binary operation; - Category...	1,128	Groupoid	0
12,543	# Groupoid ## Definitions ### Vertex groups and orbits {#vertex_groups_and_orbits} Given a groupoid G, the vertex groups or isotropy groups or object groups in G are the subsets of the form G(x,x), where x is any object of G. It follows easily from the axioms above that these are indeed grou...	377	Groupoid	1
12,543	# Groupoid ## Examples ### Fundamental groupoid {#fundamental_groupoid} Given a topological space `{{tmath\|1= X }}`{=mediawiki}, let $G_0$ be the set `{{tmath\|1= X }}`{=mediawiki}. The morphisms from the point $p$ to the point $q$ are equivalence classes of continuous paths from $p$ to `{{tmath\|1= q }}`{=mediawiki},...	810	Groupoid	2
12,543	# Groupoid ## Examples ### Group action {#group_action} If the group $G$ acts on the set `{{tmath\|1= X }}`{=mediawiki}, then we can form the action groupoid (or transformation groupoid) representing this group action as follows: - The objects are the elements of `{{tmath\|1= X }}`{=mediawiki}; - For any t...	547	Groupoid	3
12,543	# Groupoid ## Examples ### Inertia groupoid {#inertia_groupoid} The inertia groupoid of a groupoid is roughly a groupoid of loops in the given groupoid. ### Fiber product of groupoids {#fiber_product_of_groupoids} Given a diagram of groupoids with groupoid morphisms : \\begin{align} `& & X \\`\ `& & \downarro...	346	Groupoid	4
12,543	# Groupoid ## Relation to groups {#relation_to_groups} If a groupoid has only one object, then the set of its morphisms forms a group. Using the algebraic definition, such a groupoid is literally just a group. Many concepts of group theory generalize to groupoids, with the notion of functor replacing that of group ho...	633	Groupoid	5
12,543	# Groupoid ## Category of groupoids {#category_of_groupoids} The category whose objects are groupoids and whose morphisms are groupoid morphisms is called the groupoid category, or the category of groupoids, and is denoted by Grpd. The category Grpd is, like the category of small categories, Cartesia...	456	Groupoid	6
12,543	# Groupoid ## Groupoids with geometric structures {#groupoids_with_geometric_structures} When studying geometrical objects, the arising groupoids often carry a topology, turning them into topological groupoids, or even some differentiable structure, turning them into Lie groupoids. These last objects can be also stud...	111	Groupoid	7
12,544	# Galliard The *galliard* (`{{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|ɡ\|æ\|l\|j\|ər\|d}}`{=mediawiki}; gaillarde; gagliarda) was a form of Renaissance dance and music popular all over Europe in the 16th century. It is mentioned in dance manuals from England, Portugal, France, Spain, Germany, and Italy. ## Dance form {#dance_form} The *gallia...	510	Galliard	0
12,545	# General surgery `{{Infobox Occupation \| name= General surgeon \| image= \| caption= \| official_names= * Physician * Surgeon \| type= [[Specialty (medicine)\|Specialty]] \| activity_sector= [[Medicine]], [[Surgery]] \| competencies= \| formation= * [[Master of Surgery]] (M.S.) * [[Doctor of Medicine]] (M.D.) * [[Doctor of...	900	General surgery	0
12,545	# General surgery ## Scope ### Cardiothoracic surgery {#cardiothoracic_surgery} Most cardiothoracic surgeons in the U.S. (D.O. or M.D.) first complete a general surgery residency (typically 5--7 years), followed by a cardiothoracic surgery fellowship (typically 2--3 years). However, new programmes are currently offer...	120	General surgery	1
12,545	# General surgery ## Training In Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States general surgery is a five to seven year residency and follows completion of medical school, either MD, MBBS, MBChB, or DO degrees. In Australia and New Zealand, a residency leads to eligibility for Fellowship of the Royal Australas...	390	General surgery	2
12,549	# GURPS Supers *GURPS Supers* is a superhero roleplaying game written by Loyd Blankenship and published by Steve Jackson Games. The first edition was published in 1989. ## Contents GURPS Supers is a supplement of rules for comic-book superhero characters and campaigns for GURPS. The first edition book includ...	575	GURPS Supers	0
12,549	# GURPS Supers ## Reception In the August 1989 edition of Games International (Issue #8), James Wallis liked the design and layout of the book, but pointed out that \"the rewriting of a large number of rules \[\...\] shows that GURPS is not a truly generic rolegame and makes GURPS Supers substantially harder to...	330	GURPS Supers	1
12,549	# GURPS Supers ## Other reviews {#other_reviews} - Games Review, vol	11	GURPS Supers	2
12,552	# Great auk The great auk (*Pinguinus impennis\'\'), also known as thepenguinorgarefowl, is an extinct species of flightless alcid that first appeared around 400,000 years ago and became extinct in the mid-19th century. It was the only modern species in the genus*Pinguinus\'\'. It was not closely r...	577	Great auk	0
12,552	# Great auk ## Taxonomy and evolution {#taxonomy_and_evolution} Analysis of mtDNA sequences has confirmed morphological and biogeographical studies suggesting that the razorbill is the closest living relative of the great auk. The great auk also was related closely to the little auk or dovekie, which underwent a radi...	809	Great auk	1
12,552	# Great auk ## Description Standing about 75 to tall and weighing approximately 5 kg as adult birds, the flightless great auk was the second-largest member of both its family and the order Charadriiformes overall, surpassed only by the mancalline Miomancalla. It is, however, the largest species to survive into mode...	451	Great auk	2
12,552	# Great auk ## Distribution and habitat {#distribution_and_habitat} The great auk was found in the cold North Atlantic coastal waters along the coasts of Canada, the northeastern United States, Norway, Greenland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Ireland, Great Britain, France, and the Iberian Peninsula. Pleistocene fossil...	420	Great auk	3
12,552	# Great auk ## Ecology and behaviour {#ecology_and_behaviour} The great auk was never observed and described by modern scientists during its existence and is only known from the accounts of laymen, such as sailors, so its behaviour is not well known and difficult to reconstruct. Much may be inferred from its close, l...	503	Great auk	4
12,552	# Great auk ## Ecology and behaviour {#ecology_and_behaviour} ### Reproduction Historical descriptions of the great auk breeding behaviour are somewhat unreliable. Great Auks began pairing in early and mid-May. They are believed to have mated for life (although some theorize that great auks could have mated outside t...	387	Great auk	5
12,552	# Great auk ## Relationship with humans {#relationship_with_humans} The great auk was a food source for Neanderthals more than 100,000 years ago, as evidenced by well-cleaned bones found by their campfires. Images believed to depict the great auk also were carved into the walls of the El Pendo Cave in Camargo, Spain,...	437	Great auk	6
12,552	# Great auk ## Relationship with humans {#relationship_with_humans} ### Extinction The Little Ice Age may have reduced the population of the great auk by exposing more of their breeding islands to predation by polar bears, but massive exploitation by humans for their down drastically reduced the population, with rece...	635	Great auk	7
12,552	# Great auk ## Relationship with humans {#relationship_with_humans} ### Preserved specimens {#preserved_specimens} Today, 78 skins of the great auk remain, mostly in museum collections, along with approximately 75 eggs and 24 complete skeletons. All but four of the surviving skins are in summer plumage, and only two ...	398	Great auk	8
12,552	# Great auk ## Relationship with humans {#relationship_with_humans} ### Cultural depictions {#cultural_depictions} #### Children\'s books {#childrens_books} Charles Kingsley\'s The Water-Babies: A Fairy Tale for a Land-Baby (1863) features the last great auk (referred to in the book as a gairfowl) telling the ta...	807	Great auk	9
12,564	# Grappling Grappling is a fighting technique based on throws, trips, sweeps, clinch fighting, ground fighting and submission holds. Grappling contests often involve takedowns and ground control, and may end when a contestant concedes defeat. Should there be no winner after the match time-limit has lapsed, compet...	1,009	Grappling	0
12,564	# Grappling ## Stand-up grappling {#stand_up_grappling} Stand-up grappling is arguably an integral part of all grappling and clinch fighting arts, considering that two combatants generally start fighting from a stand-up position. The aim of stand-up grappling varies according to the martial arts or combat sports ...	351	Grappling	1
12,564	# Grappling ## Applications When unskilled fighters get embroiled in combat, a common reaction is to grab the opponent in an attempt to slow the situation down by holding them still, resulting in an unsystematic struggle that relies on brute force. A skilled fighter, in contrast, can perform takedowns as a way of pro...	267	Grappling	2
12,564	# Grappling ## Types of grappling {#types_of_grappling} There are many different regional styles of grappling around the world that are practiced within a limited geographic area or country. Several martial arts and fighting disciplines employ grappling techniques, such as judo, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, Cornish wrestling...	535	Grappling	3
12,569	# Grammar In linguistics, grammar is the set of rules for how a natural language is structured, as demonstrated by its speakers or writers. Grammar rules may concern the use of clauses, phrases, and words. The term may also refer to the study of such rules, a subject that includes phonology, morphology, and syntax...	398	Grammar	0
12,569	# Grammar ## History The first systematic grammar of Sanskrit originated in Iron Age India, with Yaska (6th century BC), Pāṇini (6th--5th century BC) and his commentators Pingala (c. 200 BC), Katyayana, and Patanjali (2nd century BC). Tolkāppiyam, the earliest Tamil grammar, is mostly dated to before the 5th century ...	763	Grammar	1
12,569	# Grammar ## Development Grammars evolve through usage. Historically, with the advent of written representations, formal rules about language usage tend to appear also, although such rules tend to describe writing conventions more accurately than conventions of speech. Formal grammars are codifications of usage which...	485	Grammar	2
12,569	# Grammar ## Education Prescriptive grammar is taught in primary and secondary school. The term \"grammar school\" historically referred to a school (attached to a cathedral or monastery) that teaches Latin grammar to future priests and monks. It originally referred to a school that taught students how to read, scan,...	749	Grammar	3
12,570	# Gigabyte `{{Quantities of bytes}}`{=mediawiki} The gigabyte (`{{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|ɡ\|ɪ\|ɡ\|ə\|b\|aɪ\|t\|,_\|ˈ\|dʒ\|ɪ\|ɡ\|ə\|b\|aɪ\|t}}`{=mediawiki})The prefix giga- may be pronounced two ways. - - is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. The prefix giga means 10^9^ in the International System of Units (SI). ...	578	Gigabyte	0
12,570	# Gigabyte ## Consumer confusion {#consumer_confusion} Since the first disk drive, the IBM 350, disk drive manufacturers expressed hard drive capacities using decimal prefixes. With the advent of gigabyte-range drive capacities, manufacturers labelled many consumer hard drive, solid-state drive and USB flash drive ca...	577	Gigabyte	1
12,570	# Gigabyte ## Examples of gigabyte-sized storage {#examples_of_gigabyte_sized_storage} - One hour of SDTV video at 2.2 Mbit/s is approximately 1 GB. - Seven minutes of HDTV video at 19.39 Mbit/s is approximately 1 GB. - 114 minutes of uncompressed CD-quality audio at 1.4 Mbit/s is approximately 1 GB. - A sing...	127	Gigabyte	2
12,571	# Galaxy groups and clusters Galaxy groups and clusters are the largest known gravitationally bound objects to have arisen thus far in the process of cosmic structure formation. They form the densest part of the large-scale structure of the Universe. In models for the gravitational formation of structure with cold...	288	Galaxy groups and clusters	0
12,571	# Galaxy groups and clusters ## Clusters of galaxies {#clusters_of_galaxies} Clusters are larger than groups, although there is no sharp dividing line between the two. When observed visually, clusters appear to be collections of galaxies held together by mutual gravitational attraction. However, their velocities are ...	700	Galaxy groups and clusters	1
12,584	# Golgi apparatus `{{Organelle diagram}}`{=mediawiki} The Golgi apparatus (`{{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|ɡ\|ɒ\|l\|dʒ\|i}}`{=mediawiki}), also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. Part of the endomembrane system in the cytoplasm, it packages proteins i...	398	Golgi apparatus	0
12,584	# Golgi apparatus ## Structure In most eukaryotes, the Golgi apparatus is made up of a series of compartments and is a collection of fused, flattened membrane-enclosed disks known as cisternae (singular: cisterna, also called \"dictyosomes\"), originating from vesicular clusters that bud off the endoplasmic reticul...	336	Golgi apparatus	1
12,584	# Golgi apparatus ## Function The Golgi apparatus is a major collection and dispatch station of protein products received from the endoplasmic reticulum. Proteins synthesized in the ER are packaged into vesicles, which then fuse with the Golgi apparatus. These cargo proteins are modified and destined for secretion vi...	318	Golgi apparatus	2
12,584	# Golgi apparatus ## Vesicular transport {#vesicular_transport} The vesicles that leave the rough endoplasmic reticulum are transported to the cis face of the Golgi apparatus, where they fuse with the Golgi membrane and empty their contents into the lumen. Once inside the lumen, the molecules are modified, then sor...	307	Golgi apparatus	3
12,584	# Golgi apparatus ## Current models of vesicular transport and trafficking {#current_models_of_vesicular_transport_and_trafficking} ### Model 1: Anterograde vesicular transport between stable compartments {#model_1_anterograde_vesicular_transport_between_stable_compartments} - In this model, the Golgi is viewed as...	1,020	Golgi apparatus	4
12,584	# Golgi apparatus ## Gallery <File:YeastGolgiMovieeLifec.ogg%7CYeast> Golgi dynamics. Green labels early Golgi, red labels late Golgi. <File:GolgiRibbonc.jpg%7CTwo> Golgi stacks connected as a ribbon in a mouse cell. Taken from [the movie](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Urothelial-Plaque-Formation-in-Post-Go...	53	Golgi apparatus	5
12,592	# GNU Manifesto \_\_NOTOC\_\_ The *GNU Manifesto* is a call-to-action by Richard Stallman encouraging participation and support of the GNU Project\'s goal in developing the GNU free computer operating system. The GNU Manifesto was published in March 1985 in Dr. Dobb\'s Journal of Software Tools. It is held in hi...	466	GNU Manifesto	0
12,600	# Grid network A grid network is a computer network consisting of a number of computer systems connected in a grid topology. In a regular grid topology, each node in the network is connected with two neighbors along one or more dimensions. If the network is one-dimensional, and the chain of nodes is connected to ...	208	Grid network	0
12,611	# GTE GTE Corporation, formerly General Telephone & Electronics Corporation (1955--1982), was the largest independent telephone company in the United States during the days of the Bell System. The company operated from 1926, with roots tracing further back than that, until 2000, when it was acquired by Bell At...	365	GTE	0
12,611	# GTE ## History ### General Telephone {#general_telephone} In 1934, General Telephone Corporation was established with John Winn as president. The following year, the company created General Telephone Directory Company as a division. During World War II, General Telephone helped install phone service for military f...	872	GTE	1
12,611	# GTE ## Operating companies {#operating_companies} Prior to the merger with Bell Atlantic, GTE owned the following operating companies in the US: - Contel of Minnesota, Inc. - Contel of the South, Inc. (Alabama, Indiana, Michigan) - GTE Alaska Incorporated - GTE Arkansas Incorporated - GTE California Inco...	146	GTE	2
12,612	# General aviation thumb\\|upright=1.2\\|General aviation aircraft at Cheb Airfield in Czech Republic General aviation (GA) is defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) as all civil aviation aircraft operations except for commercial air transport or aerial work, which is defined as speciali...	758	General aviation	0
12,612	# General aviation ## Safety Aviation accident rate statistics are necessarily estimates. According to the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board, general aviation in the United States (excluding charter) suffered 1.31 fatal accidents for every 100,000 hours of flying in 2005, compared to 0.016 for scheduled airli...	134	General aviation	1
12,620	# Guitarist Guitarist (magazine)\\|the American magazine\\|Guitar Player{{!}}Guitar Player}} `{{pp-move-indef}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Use British English\|date=May 2022}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2022}}`{=mediawiki} A guitarist (or a guitar player) is a person who plays the guitar. Guitarists may play...	931	Guitarist	0
12,629	# Global illumination Global illumination (GI), or indirect illumination, is a group of algorithms used in 3D computer graphics that are meant to add more realistic lighting to 3D scenes. Such algorithms take into account not only the light that comes directly from a light source (direct illumination), b...	597	Global illumination	0
12,629	# Global illumination ## List of methods {#list_of_methods} Method Description/Notes ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------...	188	Global illumination	1
12,653	# God Emperor of Dune *God Emperor of Dune* is a science fiction novel by American writer Frank Herbert, published in 1981. The fourth in his Dune series of six novels, it was ranked as the No. 11 hardcover fiction best seller of 1981 by Publishers Weekly. ## Plot Leto II Atreides, the God Emperor, has ruled...	1,042	God Emperor of Dune	0
12,653	# God Emperor of Dune ## Critical reception {#critical_reception} God Emperor of Dune was ranked as the No. 11 hardcover fiction best seller of 1981 by Publishers Weekly. The Los Angeles Times wrote that the novel was \"Rich fare \... heady stuff\", and Time called it \"a fourth visit to distant Arrakis that ...	149	God Emperor of Dune	1
12,666	# Gluon A gluon (`{{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|ɡ\|l\|uː\|ɒ\|n}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Respell\|GLOO\|on}}`{=mediawiki}) is a type of massless elementary particle that mediates the strong interaction between quarks, acting as the exchange particle for the interaction. Gluons are massless vector bosons, thereby having a spin of 1. Through the s...	623	Gluon	0
12,666	# Gluon ## Counting gluons {#counting_gluons} ### Group theory details {#group_theory_details} Formally, QCD is a gauge theory with SU(3) gauge symmetry. Quarks are introduced as spinors in N~f~ flavors, each in the fundamental representation (triplet, denoted 3) of the color gauge group, SU(3). The gluons are ...	379	Gluon	1
12,666	# Gluon ## Experimental observations {#experimental_observations} Quarks and gluons (colored) manifest themselves by fragmenting into more quarks and gluons, which in turn hadronize into normal (colorless) particles, correlated in jets. As revealed in 1978 summer conferences, the PLUTO detector at the electron-positr...	446	Gluon	2
12,679	# Gambeson A gambeson (also known as, or similar to where historic or modern distinctions are made, the acton, aketon, padded jack, pourpoint, paltock, haustement, or arming doublet) is a padded defensive jacket, worn as armour separately, or combined with mail or plate armour. Gambeson...	281	Gambeson	0
12,679	# Gambeson ## History alt=Morgan_bible_gambeson\\|thumb\\|upright=1.2\\|13th-century gambeson worn by a soldier in the Morgan Bible Open, quilted leather jackets and trousers were worn by Scythian horsemen before the 4th century BC, as can be seen on Scythian gold ornaments crafted by Greek goldsmiths. As stand-alone cl...	579	Gambeson	1
12,691	# Geography of Albania Albania is a country in southeastern Europe that lies along the Adriatic and Ionian Seas, with a coastline spanning approximately 476 km. Situated on the Balkan Peninsula, it is one of the most mountainous countries in Europe. It is bounded by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the north...	652	Geography of Albania	0
12,691	# Geography of Albania ## Physical geography {#physical_geography} ### Topography The most significant feature of Albania is possibly its relief, with numerous successive mountain ranges and its average altitude, more than 700 metres above sea level. Much of the mountains lie to the north, east and south of the west...	577	Geography of Albania	1
12,691	# Geography of Albania ## Biodiversity The proximity to the Mediterranean Sea and the convergence of exceptional climatic, geological and hydrological conditions, have contributed for the development of a diverse biodiversity, making Albania one of the biodiversity hotspots of Europe. In terms of phytogeography, the...	661	Geography of Albania	2
12,691	# Geography of Albania ## Physiographic regions {#physiographic_regions} The country is divided into four physiographic regions, the Northern Mountain Range, Central Mountain Range, Southern Mountain Range and Western Lowlands with two subdivisions corresponding roughly to the Albanian Adriatic and Ionian Sea Coast. ...	887	Geography of Albania	3
12,691	# Geography of Albania ## Physiographic regions {#physiographic_regions} ### Southern Mountain Range {#southern_mountain_range} The Ceraunian Mountains, a coastal mountain range in southwestern Albania, stretches about 100 km besides the Ionian Sea from Sarandë in south-east-northwest direction along the Albanian Riv...	477	Geography of Albania	4

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.