id int64 39 11.1M | section stringlengths 3 4.51M | length int64 2 49.9k | title stringlengths 1 182 | chunk_id int64 0 68 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
13,435 | # Hydrology
## Themes
The central theme of hydrology is that water circulates throughout the Earth through different pathways and at different rates. The most vivid image of this is in the evaporation of water from the ocean, which forms clouds. These clouds drift over the land and produce rain. The rainwater flows i... | 851 | Hydrology | 2 |
13,435 | # Hydrology
## Themes
### Water quality {#water_quality}
In hydrology, studies of water quality concern organic and inorganic compounds, and both dissolved and sediment material. In addition, water quality is affected by the interaction of dissolved oxygen with organic material and various chemical transformations th... | 653 | Hydrology | 3 |
13,435 | # Hydrology
## Organizations
### Intergovernmental organizations {#intergovernmental_organizations}
- International Hydrological Programme (IHP)
### International research bodies {#international_research_bodies}
- International Water Management Institute (IWMI)
- UN-IHE Delft Institute for Water Education
#... | 299 | Hydrology | 4 |
13,435 | # Hydrology
## Research journals {#research_journals}
- [*International Journal of Hydrology Science and Technology*](http://www.inderscience.com/jhome | 14 | Hydrology | 5 |
13,448 | # Horace Engdahl
**Horace Oscar Axel Engdahl** (born 30 December 1948) is a Swedish literary historian and critic, and has been a member of the Swedish Academy since 1997. He was the permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy from 1999 to June 2009, when he was succeeded by Swedish author and historian Peter Englund.
... | 371 | Horace Engdahl | 0 |
13,453 | # House of Pain
**House of Pain** was an American hip hop trio that released three albums in the 1990s. The group consisted of DJ Lethal, Danny Boy, and Everlast. They are best known for their 1992 hit single \"Jump Around\", which reached number 3 in their native United States of America, number 6 in Ireland and numb... | 625 | House of Pain | 0 |
13,453 | # House of Pain
## Band history {#band_history}
### 1993--1996: Subsequent success and group\'s breakup {#subsequent_success_and_groups_breakup}
In 1993, they were among the rap artists who had cameo roles in Ted Demme\'s film *Who\'s the Man?*. For this project they provided a theme song by the same name, which was ... | 390 | House of Pain | 1 |
13,453 | # House of Pain
## Band history {#band_history}
### 1997--present day: solo projects and reunions {#present_day_solo_projects_and_reunions}
From then on, the members continued their separate careers. Schrody achieved multi-platinum solo fame in 1998 with his album *Whitey Ford Sings the Blues,* where he developed a s... | 633 | House of Pain | 2 |
13,461 | # Harald Tveit Alvestrand
**Harald Tveit Alvestrand** (born 29 June 1959) is a Norwegian computer scientist. He was chair of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) from 2001 until 2005, succeeding Fred Baker. Within the IETF, Alvestrand was earlier the chair of the Areas for Applications from 1995 until 1997, and ... | 266 | Harald Tveit Alvestrand | 0 |
13,463 | # Hezârfen Ahmed Çelebi
**Hezârfen Ahmed Çelebi** (*lit=Polymath Ahmed the wise*; 1609 -- 1640) was an Ottoman scientist, inventor, chemist, astronomer, physician, Andalusi musician, and poet from Istanbul, reported in the writings of traveler Evliya Çelebi to have achieved sustained unpowered flight.
## Etymology of... | 217 | Hezârfen Ahmed Çelebi | 0 |
13,464 | # Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt
**Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt** (June 2, 1885 -- December 30, 1964) was a German neurologist and neuropathologist. Although he is typically credited as the physician to first describe the Creutzfeldt--Jakob disease, this has been disputed. He was born in Harburg an der Elbe and died in Munich.
... | 552 | Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt | 0 |
13,475 | # Harbor
A **harbor** (American English), or **harbour** (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences), is a sheltered body of water where ships, boats, and barges can be moored. The term *harbor* is often used interchangeably with *port*, which is a man-made facility built for loading and unloading vessels and dro... | 278 | Harbor | 0 |
13,475 | # Harbor
## Natural harbors `{{anchor|Natural harbor|Natural harbour|Natural harbours}}`{=mediawiki} {#natural_harbors}
A natural harbor is a landform where a section of a body of water is protected and deep enough to allow anchorage. Many such harbors are rias. Natural harbors have long been of great strategic naval... | 539 | Harbor | 1 |
13,480 | # Horseshoe
A **horseshoe** is a product designed to protect a horse hoof from wear. Shoes are attached on the palmar surface (ground side) of the hooves, usually nailed through the insensitive hoof wall that is anatomically akin to the human toenail, although much larger and thicker. However, there are also cases whe... | 280 | Horseshoe | 0 |
13,480 | # Horseshoe
## History
Since the early history of domestication of the horse, working animals were found to be exposed to many conditions that created breakage or excessive hoof wear. Ancient people recognized the need for the walls (and sometimes the sole) of domestic horses\' hooves to have additional protection ov... | 939 | Horseshoe | 1 |
13,480 | # Horseshoe
## Reasons for use {#reasons_for_use}
### Environmental changes linked to domestication {#environmental_changes_linked_to_domestication}
Many changes brought about by the domestication of the horse, such as putting them in wetter climates and exercising them less, have led to horses\' hooves hardening le... | 346 | Horseshoe | 2 |
13,480 | # Horseshoe
## Horseshoeing theories and debates {#horseshoeing_theories_and_debates}
Domestic horses do not always require shoes. When possible, a \"barefoot\" hoof, at least for part of every year, is a healthy option for most horses. However, horseshoes have their place and can help prevent excess or abnormal hoof... | 558 | Horseshoe | 3 |
13,480 | # Horseshoe
## In culture {#in_culture}
### Superstition
Horseshoes have long been considered lucky. They were originally made of iron, a material that was believed to ward off evil spirits, and traditionally were held in place with seven nails, seven being the luckiest number.
The tradition of using worn horseshoe... | 770 | Horseshoe | 4 |
13,490 | # Marrubium vulgare
***Marrubium vulgare*** (**white horehound** or **common horehound**) is a flowering plant in the mint family (Lamiaceae), native to Europe, northern Africa, and southwestern and central Asia. Specifically, it emerged in the region between the Mediterranean Sea and Central Asia and now inhabits all... | 594 | Marrubium vulgare | 0 |
13,490 | # Marrubium vulgare
## In astrology {#in_astrology}
According to 14th century English poet John Gower, in Book 7 of *his Confessio Amantis*, this plant was the herb of the fourth star of `{{Clarify span|Nectanebus' astrology|date=December 2021}}`{=mediawiki}, Capella. Gower uses the older name, Alhaiot (VII:1338).
#... | 73 | Marrubium vulgare | 1 |
13,501 | # Source tracking
**Source tracking** pertains to the ability of some hypertext systems to rigorously track the exact source of every document or partial document included in the system; that is, they remember who entered the information, when it was entered, when it was updated and by whom, and so on. This allows det... | 104 | Source tracking | 0 |
13,532 | # Hans Selye
**János Hugo Bruno** \"**Hans**\" **Selye** `{{post-nominals|country= CAN|CC}}`{=mediawiki} (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɛ|l|j|eɪ}}`{=mediawiki}`{{Dubious|date=November 2021}}`{=mediawiki}; *Selye János* `{{IPA|hu|ˈʃɛjɛ}}`{=mediawiki}; January 26, 1907 -- October 16, 1982) was a Hungarian-Canadian endocrinologist who ... | 276 | Hans Selye | 0 |
13,532 | # Hans Selye
## Stress research {#stress_research}
Selye\'s interest in stress began when he was in medical school; he had observed that patients with various chronic illnesses like tuberculosis and cancer appeared to display a common set of symptoms that he attributed to what is now commonly called stress. After com... | 686 | Hans Selye | 1 |
13,532 | # Hans Selye
## Controversy and involvement with the tobacco industry {#controversy_and_involvement_with_the_tobacco_industry}
Although it was not widely known at the time, Selye began consulting for the tobacco industry starting in 1958; he had previously sought funding from the industry, but had been denied. Later,... | 409 | Hans Selye | 2 |
13,532 | # Hans Selye
## Former graduate students {#former_graduate_students}
- Roger Guillemin
- Paola S. Timiras
## Publications
- [\"A Syndrome Produced by Diverse Nocuous Agents\"](https://web.archive.org/web/20080107091947/http://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/10/2/230a) - 1936 article by Hans Selye ... | 83 | Hans Selye | 3 |
13,544 | # Help desk
`{{E-commerce}}`{=mediawiki} A **help desk** is a department or person that provides assistance and information, usually for electronic or computer problems. In the mid-1990s, research by Iain Middleton of Robert Gordon University studied the value of an organization\'s help desks. It found that value was ... | 261 | Help desk | 0 |
13,560 | # Hannes Bok
**Wayne Francis Woodard** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|w|ʊ|d|ər|d}}`{=mediawiki} `{{respell|WUUD|ərd}}`{=mediawiki}; July 2, 1914 -- April 11, 1964), known by the pseudonym **Hannes Bok**,`{{pronunciation needed|date=September 2024}}`{=mediawiki} was an American artist and illustrator, as well as an amateur astrologer a... | 769 | Hannes Bok | 0 |
13,560 | # Hannes Bok
## Novels and novellas {#novels_and_novellas}
- *A Hannes Bok Treasury,* edited and an introduction by Stephen Korshak, Foreword By Ray Bradbury (Underwood-Miler), 1993
- *Starstone World* (novella), *Science Fiction Quarterly*, Summer 1942; reprinted in *The Fantastic Fiction of Hannes Bok*, America... | 165 | Hannes Bok | 1 |
13,561 | # Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau
\"***Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau***\" (`{{IPA|cy|heːn wlaːd və n̥adai̯}}`{=mediawiki}) is the unofficial national anthem of Wales. The title, taken from the first words of the song, means \"The Old Land of My Fathers\" in Welsh, usually rendered in English as simply \"**Land of My Fathers**\". The words we... | 604 | Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau | 0 |
13,561 | # Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau
## Usage
Tradition has established \"Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau\" as a de facto Welsh national anthem since 1905, when it was first sung by fans at rugby games, although the official anthem at the time was \"God Save the King\". \"Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau\" slowly established itself as the more popular anthem ... | 508 | Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau | 1 |
13,561 | # Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau
## Lyrics
+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------... | 972 | Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau | 2 |
13,561 | # Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau
## \"Gwlad Newydd y Cymry\" {#gwlad_newydd_y_cymry}
A version of \"Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau\" was written by Lewis Evans, a migrant from Wales to Y Wladfa, a Welsh-speaking settlement in Patagonia, South America. The version penned by Evans is called \"Gwlad Newydd y Cymry\" (\"The New Country of the W... | 160 | Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau | 3 |
13,562 | # Habermas (surname)
**Habermas** is a surname | 7 | Habermas (surname) | 0 |
13,567 | # HyperCard
**HyperCard** is a software application and development kit for Apple Macintosh and Apple IIGS computers. It is among the first successful hypermedia systems predating the World Wide Web.
HyperCard combines a flat-file database with a graphical, flexible, user-modifiable interface. HyperCard includes a bu... | 1,043 | HyperCard | 0 |
13,567 | # HyperCard
## Overview
### Externals
HyperCard can be extended significantly through the use of *external command* (XCMD) and *external function* (XFCN) modules. These are code libraries packaged in a stack\'s resource fork that integrate into either the system generally or the HyperTalk language specifically; this ... | 202 | HyperCard | 1 |
13,567 | # HyperCard
## History
### Development
Among the earliest Macintosh programs was Rolo, a simple free-form database program that Atkinson distributed on bulletin board systems.`{{r|miller19870817}}`{=mediawiki} He created HyperCard following an LSD trip. Work for it began in March 1985 under the name of WildCard (hen... | 1,043 | HyperCard | 2 |
13,567 | # HyperCard
## Applications
HyperCard has been used for a range of hypertext and artistic purposes. Before the advent of PowerPoint, HyperCard was often used as a general-purpose presentation program. Examples of HyperCard applications include simple databases, \"choose your own adventure\"-type games, and educationa... | 457 | HyperCard | 3 |
13,567 | # HyperCard
## Reception
\"Hypercard Steals Show At Macworld Exposition\", *InfoWorld* reported in August 1987. The magazine said that Apple expected to put the \"unusual\" software in Macs\' ROM, and that third-party developers would create most stackware. Besides Activision and Goodman, Dialog and the Whole Earth C... | 313 | HyperCard | 4 |
13,567 | # HyperCard
## Legacy
HyperCard is one of the first products that made use of and popularized the hypertext concept to a large popular base of users.
Jakob Nielsen has pointed out that HyperCard was really only a hypermedia program since its links started from regions on a card, not text objects; actual HTML-style t... | 455 | HyperCard | 5 |
13,567 | # HyperCard
## Legacy
### Similar systems {#similar_systems}
Atkinson said that the odds a non-Macintosh software product would clone HyperCard were \"99 percent\", and hoped that they would be data compatible with HyperCard.`{{r|mace19870817}}`{=mediawiki} `{{As of|2024}}`{=mediawiki}, two products are available whi... | 596 | HyperCard | 6 |
13,577 | # Harthouse
**Harthouse** is a German record label specializing in techno music.
The company was founded by Sven Väth in the early 1990s as a sublabel of Eye Q Records with the divisions Harthouse Frankfurt, Harthouse UK and Harthouse America.
In the beginning of 1997 the future of the label was uncertain, sales wer... | 197 | Harthouse | 0 |
13,605 | # Heteroatom
thumb\|right\|upright=0.5\|Pyridine is a heterocyclic compound and the heteroatom is nitrogen.
In chemistry, a **heteroatom** (`{{ety|grc|heteros|different||atomos|uncut}}`{=mediawiki}) is, strictly, any atom that is not carbon or hydrogen.
## Organic chemistry {#organic_chemistry}
In practice, the ter... | 190 | Heteroatom | 0 |
13,606 | # Half-life
+-------------+-----------+-------------+
| Number of\ | Fraction\ | Percentage\ |
| half-lives\ | remaining | remaining |
| elapsed | | |
+=============+===========+=============+
| 0 | | 100 |
+-------------+-----------+-------------+
| 1 ... | 467 | Half-life | 0 |
13,606 | # Half-life
## Formulas for half-life in exponential decay {#formulas_for_half_life_in_exponential_decay}
An exponential decay can be described by any of the following four equivalent formulas:$\begin{align}
N(t) &= N_0 \left(\frac {1}{2}\right)^{\frac{t}{t_{1/2}}} \\
N(t) &= \left(2^{-\frac{t}{t_{1/2}}}\right) N... | 886 | Half-life | 1 |
13,606 | # Half-life
## In biology and pharmacology {#in_biology_and_pharmacology}
A biological half-life or elimination half-life is the time it takes for a substance (drug, radioactive nuclide, or other) to lose one-half of its pharmacologic, physiologic, or radiological activity. In a medical context, the half-life may als... | 245 | Half-life | 2 |
13,615 | # Hardware (mechanical and construction)
**Hardware** (some types also known as **household hardware**) is equipment, generally used in machines, in construction or in any built good, that can be touched or held by hand such as keys, locks, nuts, screws, washers, hinges, latches, handles, wire, chains, belts, plumbing... | 65 | Hardware (mechanical and construction) | 0 |
13,635 | # Hugo Gernsback
thumb\|right \|Gernsback watching a television broadcast by his station WRNY on the cover of his *Radio News* (Nov 1928)
**Hugo Gernsback** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|g|ɜr|n|z|b|æ|k}}`{=mediawiki}; born **Hugo Gernsbacher**, August 16, 1884 -- August 19, 1967) was a Luxembourgish American editor and magazine publ... | 464 | Hugo Gernsback | 0 |
13,635 | # Hugo Gernsback
## Science fiction {#science_fiction}
Gernsback provided a forum for the modern genre of science fiction in 1926 by founding the first magazine dedicated to it, *Amazing Stories*. The inaugural April issue comprised a one-page editorial and reissues of six stories, three less than ten years old and t... | 820 | Hugo Gernsback | 1 |
13,635 | # Hugo Gernsback
## Legacy
In 1954, Gernsback was awarded an Officer of Luxembourg\'s Order of the Oak Crown, an honor equivalent to being knighted.
The Hugo Awards or \"Hugos\" are the annual achievement awards presented at the World Science Fiction Convention, selected in a process that ends with vote by current C... | 749 | Hugo Gernsback | 2 |
13,637 | # Hausdorff space
In topology and related branches of mathematics, a **Hausdorff space** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|aʊ|s|d|ɔːr|f}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Respell|HOWSS|dorf}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|aʊ|z|d|ɔːr|f}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Respell|HOWZ|dorf}}`{=mediawiki}), **T~2~ space** or **separated space**, is a topological space where... | 400 | Hausdorff space | 0 |
13,637 | # Hausdorff space
## Examples of Hausdorff and non-Hausdorff spaces {#examples_of_hausdorff_and_non_hausdorff_spaces}
Almost all spaces encountered in analysis are Hausdorff; most importantly, the real numbers (under the standard metric topology on real numbers) are a Hausdorff space. More generally, all metric space... | 282 | Hausdorff space | 1 |
13,637 | # Hausdorff space
## Properties
Subspaces and products of Hausdorff spaces are Hausdorff, but quotient spaces of Hausdorff spaces need not be Hausdorff. In fact, *every* topological space can be realized as the quotient of some Hausdorff space.
Hausdorff spaces are T~1~, meaning that each singleton is a closed set. ... | 725 | Hausdorff space | 2 |
13,637 | # Hausdorff space
## Variants
The terms \"Hausdorff\", \"separated\", and \"preregular\" can also be applied to such variants on topological spaces as uniform spaces, Cauchy spaces, and convergence spaces. The characteristic that unites the concept in all of these examples is that limits of nets and filters (when the... | 288 | Hausdorff space | 3 |
13,647 | # Hermann Ebbinghaus
**Hermann Ebbinghaus** (24 January 1850 -- 26 February 1909) was a German psychologist who pioneered the experimental study of memory. Ebbinghaus discovered the forgetting curve and the spacing effect. He was the first person to describe the learning curve. He was the father of the neo-Kantian phi... | 584 | Hermann Ebbinghaus | 0 |
13,647 | # Hermann Ebbinghaus
## Research on memory {#research_on_memory}
Ebbinghaus was determined to show that higher mental processes could actually be studied using experimentation, which was in opposition to the popularly held thought of the time. To control for most potentially confounding variables, Ebbinghaus wanted t... | 452 | Hermann Ebbinghaus | 1 |
13,647 | # Hermann Ebbinghaus
## Research on memory {#research_on_memory}
### Contributions
In 1885, he published his groundbreaking *Über das Gedächtnis* (\"On Memory\", later translated to English as *Memory. A Contribution to Experimental Psychology*) in which he described experiments he conducted on himself to describe th... | 668 | Hermann Ebbinghaus | 2 |
13,647 | # Hermann Ebbinghaus
## Research on cramming {#research_on_cramming}
Ebbinghaus is the first person to compare distributed learning to cramming and one of the first people to carry out research on cramming.
## Sentence completion, illusion and research report standardization {#sentence_completion_illusion_and_resear... | 673 | Hermann Ebbinghaus | 3 |
13,654 | # Heat engine
thumb\|upright=1.0\|Figure 1: Heat engine diagram `{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Thermodynamics sidebar|cTopic=[[Thermodynamic system|Systems]]}}`{=mediawiki}
A **heat engine** is a system that transfers thermal energy to do mechanical or electrical work. While originally conceived i... | 330 | Heat engine | 0 |
13,654 | # Heat engine
## Overview
In thermodynamics, heat engines are often modeled using a standard engineering model such as the Otto cycle. The theoretical model can be refined and augmented with actual data from an operating engine, using tools such as an indicator diagram. Since very few actual implementations of heat e... | 326 | Heat engine | 1 |
13,654 | # Heat engine
## Examples
Although some cycles have a typical combustion location (internal or external), they can often be implemented with the other. For example, John Ericsson developed an external heated engine running on a cycle very much like the earlier Diesel cycle. In addition, externally heated engines can ... | 773 | Heat engine | 2 |
13,654 | # Heat engine
## Examples
### Mesoscopic heat engines {#mesoscopic_heat_engines}
Mesoscopic heat engines are nanoscale devices that may serve the goal of processing heat fluxes and perform useful work at small scales. Potential applications include e.g. electric cooling devices. In such mesoscopic heat engines, work ... | 96 | Heat engine | 3 |
13,654 | # Heat engine
## Efficiency
The efficiency of a heat engine relates how much useful work is output for a given amount of heat energy input.
From the laws of thermodynamics, after a completed cycle:
$$W + Q = \Delta_{cycle}U = 0$$
: and therefore
: $W = -Q = - (Q_c + Q_h)$
: where
: $W = -\oint PdV$ is the ... | 988 | Heat engine | 4 |
13,654 | # Heat engine
## History
Heat engines have been known since antiquity but were only made into useful devices at the time of the industrial revolution in the 18th century. They continue to be developed today.
## Enhancements
Engineers have studied the various heat-engine cycles to improve the amount of usable work t... | 587 | Heat engine | 5 |
13,655 | # Heimdall
In Norse mythology, **Heimdall** (from Old Norse **Heimdallr**; modern Icelandic **Heimdallur**) is a god. He is the son of Odin and nine mothers. Heimdall keeps watch for invaders and the onset of Ragnarök from his dwelling Himinbjörg, where the burning rainbow bridge Bifröst meets the sky. He is attested ... | 381 | Heimdall | 0 |
13,655 | # Heimdall
## Attestations
### Saltfleetby spindle-whorl inscription {#saltfleetby_spindle_whorl_inscription}
Heimdallr is likely mentioned on the Saltfleetby spindle-whorl, a lead spindle whorl bearing an Old Norse Younger Fuþark inscription that was discovered in Saltfleetby in eastern England in 2010. The spindle... | 1,171 | Heimdall | 1 |
13,655 | # Heimdall
## Attestations
### *Poetic Edda* {#poetic_edda}
The poem *Þrymskviða* tells of Thor\'s loss of his hammer, Mjöllnir, to the jötnar and quest to get it back. At one point in the tale, the gods gather at the thing and debate how to get Thor\'s hammer back from the jötnar, who demand the beautiful goddess Fr... | 632 | Heimdall | 2 |
13,655 | # Heimdall
## Attestations
### *Prose Edda* {#prose_edda}
In the *Prose Edda*, Heimdall is mentioned in the books *Gylfaginning*, *Skáldskaparmál*, and *Háttatal*. In *Gylfaginning*, the enthroned figure of High tells the disguised mythical king Gangleri of various gods, and, in chapter 25, mentions Heimdall. High sa... | 623 | Heimdall | 3 |
13,655 | # Heimdall
## Attestations
### *Heimskringla*
In *Ynglinga saga* compiled in *Heimskringla*, Snorri presents a euhemerized origin of the Norse gods and rulers descending from them. In chapter 5, Snorri asserts that the Æsir settled in what is now Sweden and built various temples. Snorri writes that Odin settled in La... | 208 | Heimdall | 4 |
13,655 | # Heimdall
## Scholarly reception {#scholarly_reception}
Heimdall\'s attestations have proven troublesome and enigmatic to interpret for scholars. A variety of sources describe the god as born from Nine Mothers, a puzzling description (for more in-depth discussion, see Nine Mothers of Heimdallr). Various scholars hav... | 476 | Heimdall | 5 |
13,660 | # Homeomorphism
thumb\|upright=1.2\|An often-repeated mathematical joke is that topologists cannot tell the difference between a coffee mug and a donut, since a sufficiently pliable donut could be reshaped to the form of a coffee mug by creating a dimple and progressively enlarging it, while preserving the donut hole ... | 567 | Homeomorphism | 0 |
13,660 | # Homeomorphism
## Examples
thumb\|upright=1.15\|A thickened trefoil knot is homeomorphic to a solid torus, but not isotopic in `{{tmath|\R^3.}}`{=mediawiki} Continuous mappings are not always realizable as deformations.
- The open interval $(a,b)$ is homeomorphic to the real numbers `{{tmath|\R}}`{=mediawiki} for... | 325 | Homeomorphism | 1 |
13,660 | # Homeomorphism
## Properties
- Two homeomorphic spaces share the same topological properties. For example, if one of them is compact, then the other is as well; if one of them is connected, then the other is as well; if one of them is Hausdorff, then the other is as well; their homotopy and homology groups will co... | 383 | Homeomorphism | 2 |
13,661 | # Hvergelmir
**Hvergelmir** (Old Norse \"bubbling boiling spring\") is an important primal wellspring in Norse mythology. Hvergelmir is attested in the *Poetic Edda*, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the *Prose Edda*, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson. In the *Poetic Edd... | 506 | Hvergelmir | 0 |
13,667 | # Hawar Islands
The **Hawar Islands** (*جزر حوار*; transliterated: *Juzur Ḥawār*) are an archipelago of desert islands; all but one are owned by Bahrain, while the southern, small, and uninhabited Jinan Island (Arabic: جزيرة جينان; transliterated: *Jazirat Jinan*) is administered by Qatar as part of its Al-Shahaniya m... | 604 | Hawar Islands | 0 |
13,667 | # Hawar Islands
## List of islands {#list_of_islands}
### Hawar archipelago {#hawar_archipelago}
By far the largest island is Hawar, which accounts for more than 41 km2 of the 54.5 km2 land area. Following in size are Suwād al Janūbīyah, Suwād ash Shamālīyah, Rubud Al Sharqiyah, Rubud Al Gharbiyah, and Muhazwarah (U... | 705 | Hawar Islands | 1 |
13,675 | # Henry Ainsworth
**Henry Ainsworth** (1571--1622) was an English Nonconformist clergyman and scholar. He led the Ancient Church, a Brownist or English Separatist congregation in Amsterdam alongside Francis Johnson from 1597, and after their split led his own congregation. His translations of and commentaries on the H... | 623 | Henry Ainsworth | 0 |
13,675 | # Henry Ainsworth
## Works
Ainsworth was one of the most able apologists of the so-called Brownist movement. His first solo work *The communion of saincts* (1607) is summarised by the historian of Separatism Stephen Tomkins as arguing \'that the true church is a holy community while a church that incorporates the ent... | 407 | Henry Ainsworth | 1 |
13,678 | # Hernando de Alarcón
**Hernando de Alarcón** (born `{{c.}}`{=mediawiki} 1500) was a Spanish explorer and navigator of the 16th century, noted for having led a 1540 expedition to the Colorado River Delta, during which he became one of the first Europeans to ascend the Colorado River from its mouth and became the first... | 617 | Hernando de Alarcón | 0 |
13,680 | # Hunan cuisine
**Hunan cuisine**, also known as **Xiang cuisine**, consists of the cuisines of the Xiang River region, Dongting Lake and western Hunan Province in China. It is one of the Eight Great Traditions of Chinese cuisine and is well known for its hot and spicy flavours, fresh aroma and deep colours. Despite t... | 331 | Hunan cuisine | 0 |
13,680 | # Hunan cuisine
## Features
With its liberal use of chili peppers, shallots and garlic, Hunan cuisine is known for being *gan la* (`{{zh|c=干辣|p=gān là|l=dry and spicy|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}) or purely hot, as opposed to Sichuan cuisine, to which it is often compared. Sichuan cuisine uses its distinctive *ma la* (`{... | 394 | Hunan cuisine | 1 |
13,686 | # Hilversum
**Hilversum** (`{{IPA|nl|ˈɦɪlvərsʏm|-|Nl-Hilversum.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}) is a city and municipality in the province of North Holland, Netherlands. Located in the heart of the Gooi, it is the largest urban centre in that area. It is surrounded by heathland, woods, meadows, lakes and smaller towns. Hilversum i... | 461 | Hilversum | 0 |
13,686 | # Hilversum
## History
Earthenware found in Hilversum gives its name to the Hilversum culture, which is an early- to mid-Bronze Age, or 1800--1200 BC material culture. Artifacts from this prehistoric civilization bear similarities to the Wessex Culture of southern Britain and may indicate that the first Hilversum res... | 1,038 | Hilversum | 1 |
13,686 | # Hilversum
## Transport
### Airport
Hilversum Airport is located in the southwest of the municipality. Next to it is the former Marine Training Camp (MOK), now Corporal Van Oudheusden Barracks for the medical troops. In wartime the airfield was expanded significantly by the German military. They also set up an asse... | 778 | Hilversum | 2 |
13,686 | # Hilversum
## Notable residents {#notable_residents}
Notable people born in Hilversum:
### Public service & public thinking {#public_service_public_thinking}
- H. A. Sinclair de Rochemont (1901--1942), a Dutch fascist and later a Nazi collaborator
- Jan van den Brink (1915--2006), a Dutch politician and busine... | 879 | Hilversum | 3 |
13,692 | # History of the Internet
The history of the Internet originated in the efforts of scientists and engineers to build and interconnect computer networks. The Internet Protocol Suite, the set of rules used to communicate between networks and devices on the Internet, arose from research and development in the United Stat... | 817 | History of the Internet | 0 |
13,692 | # History of the Internet
## Foundations
### Precursors
#### Telegraphy
: The practice of transmitting messages between two different places through an electromagnetic medium dates back to the electrical telegraph in the late 19th century, which was the first fully digital communication system. Radiotelegraphy be... | 866 | History of the Internet | 1 |
13,692 | # History of the Internet
## Networks that led to the Internet {#networks_that_led_to_the_internet}
### NPL network {#npl_network}
Following discussions with J. C. R. Licklider in 1965, Donald Davies became interested in data communications for computer networks. Later that year, at the National Physical Laboratory ... | 1,184 | History of the Internet | 2 |
13,692 | # History of the Internet
## Networks that led to the Internet {#networks_that_led_to_the_internet}
### CYCLADES
The CYCLADES packet switching network was a French research network designed and directed by Louis Pouzin. In 1972, he began planning the network to explore alternatives to the early ARPANET design and to ... | 655 | History of the Internet | 3 |
13,692 | # History of the Internet
## 1973--1989: Merging the networks and creating the Internet {#merging_the_networks_and_creating_the_internet}
### TCP/IP
With so many different networking methods seeking interconnection, a method was needed to unify them. Louis Pouzin initiated the CYCLADES project in 1972, building on t... | 531 | History of the Internet | 4 |
13,692 | # History of the Internet
## 1973--1989: Merging the networks and creating the Internet {#merging_the_networks_and_creating_the_internet}
### From ARPANET to NSFNET {#from_arpanet_to_nsfnet}
After the ARPANET had been up and running for several years, ARPA looked for another agency to hand off the network to; ARPA\'s... | 688 | History of the Internet | 5 |
13,692 | # History of the Internet
## 1973--1989: Merging the networks and creating the Internet {#merging_the_networks_and_creating_the_internet}
### Transition towards the Internet {#transition_towards_the_internet}
The term \"internet\" was reflected in the first RFC published on the TCP protocol (RFC 675: Internet Transmi... | 766 | History of the Internet | 6 |
13,692 | # History of the Internet
## 1973--1989: Merging the networks and creating the Internet {#merging_the_networks_and_creating_the_internet}
### TCP/IP goes global (1980s) {#tcpip_goes_global_1980s}
#### SATNET, CERN and the European Internet {#satnet_cern_and_the_european_internet}
In 1982, Norway (NORSAR/NDRE) and Pe... | 1,280 | History of the Internet | 7 |
13,692 | # History of the Internet
## 1990--2003: Rise of the global Internet, Web 1.0 {#rise_of_the_global_internet_web_1.0}
### Development
Initially, as with its predecessor networks, the system that would evolve into the Internet was primarily for government and government body use. Although commercial use was forbidden,... | 470 | History of the Internet | 8 |
13,692 | # History of the Internet
## 1990--2003: Rise of the global Internet, Web 1.0 {#rise_of_the_global_internet_web_1.0}
### Internet use in wider society {#internet_use_in_wider_society}
The invention of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN, as an application on the Internet, brought many social and commercial ... | 602 | History of the Internet | 9 |
13,692 | # History of the Internet
## 2004--present: Web 2.0, global ubiquity, social media {#present_web_2.0_global_ubiquity_social_media}
The rapid technical advances that would propel the Internet into its place as a social system, which has completely transformed the way humans interact with each other, took place during ... | 974 | History of the Internet | 10 |
13,692 | # History of the Internet
## 2004--present: Web 2.0, global ubiquity, social media {#present_web_2.0_global_ubiquity_social_media}
### Networking in outer space {#networking_in_outer_space}
The first Internet link into low Earth orbit was established on January 22, 2010, when astronaut T. J. Creamer posted the first ... | 360 | History of the Internet | 11 |
13,692 | # History of the Internet
## Internet governance {#internet_governance}
As a globally distributed network of voluntarily interconnected autonomous networks, the Internet operates without a central governing body. Each constituent network chooses the technologies and protocols it deploys from the technical standards t... | 820 | History of the Internet | 12 |
13,692 | # History of the Internet
## Internet governance {#internet_governance}
### Internet Engineering Task Force {#internet_engineering_task_force}
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is the largest and most visible of several loosely related ad-hoc groups that provide technical direction for the Internet, includin... | 556 | History of the Internet | 13 |
13,692 | # History of the Internet
## Internet governance {#internet_governance}
### The Internet Society {#the_internet_society}
The Internet Society (ISOC) is an international, nonprofit organization founded during 1992 \"to assure the open development, evolution and use of the Internet for the benefit of all people through... | 717 | History of the Internet | 14 |
13,692 | # History of the Internet
## Net neutrality {#net_neutrality}
On April 23, 2014, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that would permit Internet service providers to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality pos... | 382 | History of the Internet | 15 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.