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13,859 | # Hayling Island
## Sport and leisure {#sport_and_leisure}
Hayling Island has a non-League football club, Hayling United F.C., which plays at Hayling Park.
Although largely residential, Hayling is also a holiday, windsurfing and sailing centre, the site where windsurfing was invented.
In summer 2010, the Hayling Is... | 369 | Hayling Island | 1 |
13,859 | # Hayling Island
## Transport
Hayling Ferry links Portsmouth and Hayling Island. The ferry is busy in summer in good weather, bringing tourists and cyclists to Hayling. In winter, there was a significant reduction of use. The ferry service to and from Portsea Island was subsidised by the local authorities, leaving it... | 420 | Hayling Island | 2 |
13,859 | # Hayling Island
## Notable people {#notable_people}
- Marjorie Bowen (1885--1952), writer, was born on Hayling Island. In her autobiography she wrote: \"I was born in Hayling Island in the cottage of an old woman named Mrs. Cole, of whom I know nothing save that she made a quantity of sloe gin and hoarded it, leav... | 683 | Hayling Island | 3 |
13,859 | # Hayling Island
## Population
In the mid- to late 20th century, Hayling Island\'s population was known to double during the summer months, due to a large influx of holiday makers and the associated tourism employees to accommodate. As domestic holidays have declined and Hayling\'s prominence as a traditional English... | 142 | Hayling Island | 4 |
13,870 | # Helvetii
`{{Location mark
|image=Map Gallia Tribes Towns.png|alt=|float=right|width=400
|caption=Map of [[Gaul]] with tribes, 1st century BC; the Helvetii are circled.|position=right
|mark=Red circle.svg|mark_width=60
|x=860|y=508|type=thumb
}}`{=mediawiki} The **Helvetii** (*Ἐλουήτιοι*, *Helvētiī* `{{IPA|la|hɛɫˈweː... | 621 | Helvetii | 0 |
13,870 | # Helvetii
## History
### Earliest historical sources and settlement {#earliest_historical_sources_and_settlement}
In his *Natural History* (c. 77 AD), Pliny provides a foundation myth for the Celtic settlement of Cisalpine Gaul in which a Helvetian named Helico plays the role of culture hero. Helico had worked in R... | 782 | Helvetii | 1 |
13,870 | # Helvetii
## History
### Caesar and the Helvetian campaign of 58 BC {#caesar_and_the_helvetian_campaign_of_58_bc}
#### Prelude
The Helvetii were the first Gallic tribe of the campaign to be confronted by Caesar. He narrates the events of the conflict in the opening sections of *Commentarii de Bello Gallico*. Due to... | 1,028 | Helvetii | 2 |
13,870 | # Helvetii
## History
### Caesar and the Helvetian campaign of 58 BC {#caesar_and_the_helvetian_campaign_of_58_bc}
#### Caesar\'s report of the numbers {#caesars_report_of_the_numbers}
According to the victor, tablets with lists in Greek characters were found at the Helvetian camp, listing in detail all men able to b... | 656 | Helvetii | 3 |
13,870 | # Helvetii
## History
### Caesar and the Helvetian campaign of 58 BC {#caesar_and_the_helvetian_campaign_of_58_bc}
#### Questions of motive {#questions_of_motive}
As Caesar\'s account is heavily influenced by his political agenda, it is difficult to determine the actual motive of the Helvetii movement of 58 BC. One m... | 247 | Helvetii | 4 |
13,870 | # Helvetii
## History
### The Helvetii as Roman subjects {#the_helvetii_as_roman_subjects}
The Helvetii and Rauraci most likely lost their status as *foederati* only six years after the battle of Bibracte, when they supported Vercingetorix in 52 BC with 8,000 and 2,000 men, respectively. Sometime between 50 and 45 BC... | 443 | Helvetii | 5 |
13,870 | # Helvetii
## Legacy
Roman occupation in the aftermath of the Gallic Wars had pacified the Celtic-Germanic contact zone along the Rhine. The Suebi and Marcomanni who under Ariovistus had planned to invade Gaul were pushed back beyond the Black Forest, where they amalgamated into the future Alemanni. The Romans allowe... | 706 | Helvetii | 6 |
13,873 | # Halakha
Halakha LeMoshe MiSinai}} `{{Judaism|law}}`{=mediawiki} ***Halakha*** (`{{IPAc-en|h|ɑː|ˈ|l|ɔː|x|ə}}`{=mediawiki} `{{respell|hah|LAW|khə}}`{=mediawiki}; *translit=hălāḵā*, `{{small|[[Sephardi Hebrew|Sephardic]]:}}`{=mediawiki} `{{IPA|he|halaˈχa|}}`{=mediawiki}), also transliterated as ***halacha***, ***halakh... | 282 | Halakha | 0 |
13,873 | # Halakha
## Etymology and terminology {#etymology_and_terminology}
thumb\|right\|upright=1.35\|A full set of the Babylonian Talmud The word *halakha* is derived from the Hebrew root *halakh* -- \"to walk\" or \"to go\". Taken literally, therefore, *halakha* translates as \"the way to walk\", rather than \"law\". The... | 297 | Halakha | 1 |
13,873 | # Halakha
## Commandments (mitzvot) {#commandments_mitzvot}
According to the Talmud (*Tractate Makot*), 613 *mitzvot* are in the Torah, 248 positive (\"thou shalt\") *mitzvot* and 365 negative (\"thou shalt not\") *mitzvot*, supplemented by seven *mitzvot* legislated by the rabbis of antiquity. Currently, many of the... | 466 | Halakha | 2 |
13,873 | # Halakha
## Views today {#views_today}
Orthodox Judaism holds that *halakha* is divine law laid down in the Torah, rabbinical laws, rabbinical decrees, and customs combined. The rabbis, who made many additions and interpretations of Jewish law, did so only in accordance with regulations they believed, as Orthodox Je... | 512 | Halakha | 3 |
13,873 | # Halakha
## Views today {#views_today}
### Flexibility
Despite its internal rigidity, *halakha* has a degree of flexibility in finding solutions to modern problems not explicitly mentioned in the Torah. From the very beginnings of Rabbinic Judaism, halakhic inquiry allowed for a \"sense of continuity between past an... | 371 | Halakha | 4 |
13,873 | # Halakha
## Views today {#views_today}
### Denominational approaches {#denominational_approaches}
#### Orthodox Judaism {#orthodox_judaism}
Orthodox Jews believe that *halakha* is a religious system whose core represents the revealed will of God. Although Orthodox Judaism acknowledges that rabbis have made many dec... | 834 | Halakha | 5 |
13,873 | # Halakha
## Codes of Jewish law {#codes_of_jewish_law}
The most important codifications of Jewish law include the following; for complementary discussion, see also History of responsa in Judaism.
- The Mishnah, composed by Judah haNasi, in 200 CE, as a basic outline of the state of the Oral Law in his time. This ... | 644 | Halakha | 6 |
13,873 | # Halakha
## Codes of Jewish law {#codes_of_jewish_law}
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
- The Arba\'ah Turim (lit. \"The Four Columns\"; the *Tur*) by Rabbi Jacob ben Asher (1270--1343, Toledo, Spain). This work traces the *halakha* from the Torah text and the Talmud through the Rishonim, with the *Hilchot* of Alfasi as it... | 1,378 | Halakha | 7 |
13,879 | # Henry J. Heinz
**Henry John Heinz** (October 11, 1844 -- May 14, 1919) was an American entrepreneur who co-founded the H. J. Heinz Company of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
He was involved in the passage of the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act. Many of his descendants are known for philanthropy and involvement in politics an... | 798 | Henry J. Heinz | 0 |
13,889 | # Percolozoa
The **Percolozoa** are a group of colourless, non-photosynthetic excavates, including many that can transform between amoeboid, flagellate, and cyst stages.
## Characteristics
Most Percolozoa are found as bacterivores in soil, fresh water and occasionally in the ocean. The only member of this group that... | 276 | Percolozoa | 0 |
13,889 | # Percolozoa
## Terminology and classification {#terminology_and_classification}
These are collectively referred to as schizopyrenids, amoeboflagellates, or vahlkampfids. They also include the acrasids, a group of social amoebae that aggregate to form sporangia. The entire group is usually called the **Heterolobosea*... | 772 | Percolozoa | 1 |
13,893 | # List of ships called HMS Hood
Three ships of the Royal Navy have been named **HMS *Hood*** after several members of the Hood family, who were notable naval officers:
- , a 91-gun second-rate ship of the line, originally laid down as HMS *Edgar*, but renamed in 1848 and launched in 1859. She was used for harbour s... | 66 | List of ships called HMS Hood | 0 |
13,902 | # Federation of Expellees
The **Federation of Expellees** (*Bund der Vertriebenen*; **BdV**) is a non-profit organization formed in West Germany on 27 October 1957 to represent the interests of German nationals of all ethnicities and foreign ethnic Germans and their families (usually naturalised as German nationals af... | 977 | Federation of Expellees | 0 |
13,902 | # Federation of Expellees
## Organization
The expellees are organized in 21 regional associations *(Landsmannschaften)*, according to the areas of origin of its members, 16 state organizations *(Landesverbände)* according to their current residence, and 5 associate member organizations. It is the single representativ... | 468 | Federation of Expellees | 1 |
13,902 | # Federation of Expellees
## Criticism
When in government, both CDU and SPD have tended to favor improved relations with Central and Eastern Europe, even when this conflicts with the interests of the displaced people. The issue of the eastern border and the return of the *Heimatvertriebene* to their ancestral homes a... | 498 | Federation of Expellees | 2 |
13,908 | # Handfasting
**Handfasting** is a traditional practice that, depending on the term\'s usage, may define an unofficiated wedding (in which a couple marries without an officiant, usually with the intent of later undergoing a second wedding with an officiant), a betrothal (an engagement in which a couple has formally pr... | 337 | Handfasting | 0 |
13,908 | # Handfasting
## Medieval and Tudor England {#medieval_and_tudor_england}
The Fourth Lateran Council (1215) forbade clandestine marriage, and required marriages to be publicly announced in churches by priests. In the sixteenth century, the Council of Trent legislated more specific requirements, such as the presence o... | 738 | Handfasting | 1 |
13,908 | # Handfasting
## Early modern Scotland {#early_modern_scotland}
In February 1539 Marie Pieris, a French lady-in-waiting to Mary of Guise, the consort of James V of Scotland, was married by handfasting to Lord Seton at Falkland Palace. This ceremony was recorded in the royal accounts for the payment to an apothecary f... | 430 | Handfasting | 2 |
13,908 | # Handfasting
## Neopaganism
The term \"handfasting\" or \"hand-fasting\" was appropriated into modern Celtic neopaganism and Wicca for wedding ceremonies from at least the late 1960s, apparently first used in print by Hans Holzer.
Handfasting was mentioned in the 1980 Jim Morrison biography *No One Here Gets Out Al... | 193 | Handfasting | 3 |
13,910 | # History of the Pacific Islands
The **history of the Pacific Islands** covers the history of the islands in the Pacific Ocean.
## Histories
### Cook Islands {#cook_islands}
In Cook Islands Māori pre-history, Chieftains from present day French Polynesia and their tribes, along with navigators, took their ships in s... | 889 | History of the Pacific Islands | 0 |
13,910 | # History of the Pacific Islands
## Histories
### Kiribati
In the history of Kiribati, the islands which now form the Republic of Kiribati have been inhabited for at least seven hundred years, and possibly much longer. The initial Micronesian population, which remains the overwhelming majority today, was visited by P... | 991 | History of the Pacific Islands | 1 |
13,910 | # History of the Pacific Islands
## Histories
### Samoa
In the history of Samoa, contact with Europeans began in the early 18th century but did not intensify until the arrival of the English. In 1722, Dutchman Jacob Roggeveen was the first European to sight the islands. Missionaries and traders arrived in the 1830s. ... | 782 | History of the Pacific Islands | 2 |
13,910 | # History of the Pacific Islands
## Histories
### Tuvalu
The history of Tuvalu dates back to at least 1,000 years to when it was discovered and settled by Polynesians. the origins of the people of Tuvalu is addressed in the theories regarding the spread of humans out of Southeast Asia, from Taiwan, via Melanesia and ... | 371 | History of the Pacific Islands | 3 |
13,910 | # History of the Pacific Islands
## Histories
### Vanuatu
In the history of Vanuatu, the commonly held theory of Vanuatu\'s prehistory from archaeological evidence supports that peoples speaking Austronesian languages first came to the islands some 4,000 to 6,000 years ago. Pottery fragments have been found dating ba... | 1,117 | History of the Pacific Islands | 4 |
13,920 | # Homeland
*Homeland* (TV series)\|other uses}} `{{Redirect|Old Country|the silent film|The Old Country{{!}}`{=mediawiki}*The Old Country*\|the album by Nat Adderley\'s Quintet\|The Old Country (album){{!}}*The Old Country* (album)}} `{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Nationalism sidebar}}`{=mediawiki... | 303 | Homeland | 0 |
13,920 | # Homeland
## Fatherland
Fatherland is the nation of one\'s \"fathers\", \"forefathers\", or ancestors. The word can also mean the country of nationality, the country in which somebody grew up, the country that somebody\'s ancestors lived in for generations, or the country that somebody regards as home, depending on ... | 841 | Homeland | 1 |
13,920 | # Homeland
## Fatherland
### Multiple references to parental forms {#multiple_references_to_parental_forms}
- the Armenians, as *Hayrenik* (Հայրենիք), home. The national anthem Mer Hayrenik translates as *Our Fatherland*
- the Azerbaijanis as *Ana vətən* (lit. mother homeland; vətən from Arabic) or *Ata ocağı* (l... | 488 | Homeland | 2 |
13,920 | # Homeland
## Uses by country {#uses_by_country}
- The Soviet Union created homelands for some minorities in the 1920s, including the Volga German ASSR and the Jewish Autonomous Oblast. In the case of the Volga German ASSR, these homelands were later abolished, and their inhabitants deported to either Siberia or th... | 459 | Homeland | 3 |
13,928 | # Hershey–Chase experiment
The **Hershey--Chase experiments** were a series of experiments conducted in 1952 by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase that helped to confirm that DNA is genetic material. While DNA had been known to biologists since 1869, many scientists still assumed at the time that proteins carried the inf... | 299 | Hershey–Chase experiment | 0 |
13,928 | # Hershey–Chase experiment
## Methods and results {#methods_and_results}
Hershey and Chase needed to be able to examine different parts of the phages they were studying separately, so they needed to distinguish the phage subsections. Viruses were known to be composed of a protein shell and DNA, so they chose to uniqu... | 705 | Hershey–Chase experiment | 1 |
13,928 | # Hershey–Chase experiment
## Discussion
### Confirmation
Hershey and Chase concluded that protein was not likely to be the hereditary genetic material. However, they did not make any conclusions regarding the specific function of DNA as hereditary material, and only said that it must have some undefined role.
Conf... | 435 | Hershey–Chase experiment | 2 |
13,928 | # Hershey–Chase experiment
## Legacy
The Hershey--Chase experiment, its predecessors, such as the Avery--MacLeod--McCarty experiment, and successors served to unequivocally establish that hereditary information was carried by DNA. This finding has numerous applications in forensic science, crime investigation and gen... | 66 | Hershey–Chase experiment | 3 |
13,963 | # Hultsfred Municipality
**Hultsfred Municipality** (*Hultsfreds kommun*) is a municipality in Kalmar County, in south-eastern Sweden. The seat is in the town of Hultsfred.
The present municipality was created in 1971 through the amalgamation of the market town (*köping*) of Hultsfred (instituted in 1927) with a numb... | 589 | Hultsfred Municipality | 0 |
13,967 | # Habakkuk
**Habakkuk** or **Habacuc** is the main figure described in the Book of Habakkuk, the eighth of the Twelve Minor Prophets in the Hebrew Bible. He is traditionally regarded as a prophet active around 612 BCE.
Almost all information about Habakkuk is drawn from the book of the Bible bearing his name, with no... | 290 | Habakkuk | 0 |
13,967 | # Habakkuk
## Life
Almost nothing is known about Habakkuk, aside from what is stated within the book of the Bible bearing his name, or those inferences that may be drawn from that book. No biographical details are provided other than his title \"the prophet\".
For almost every other prophet, more information is give... | 566 | Habakkuk | 1 |
13,967 | # Habakkuk
## Tombs
The final resting place of Habakkuk has been claimed at multiple locations. The fifth-century Christian historian Sozomen claimed that the relics of Habakkuk were found at Cela near Bayt Jibrin, when God revealed their location to Zebennus, bishop of Eleutheropolis, in a dream. Currently, one loca... | 382 | Habakkuk | 2 |
13,967 | # Habakkuk
## Commemoration
### Christian
On the Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar, his feast day is December 2. In the Roman Catholic Church, the twelve minor prophets are read in the Roman Breviary during the fourth and fifth weeks of November, which are the last two weeks of the liturgical year, and his feast ... | 929 | Habakkuk | 3 |
13,968 | # Haggai
**Haggai** or **Aggeus** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|æ|ɡ| aɪ}}`{=mediawiki}; *חַגַּי* -- *Ḥaggay*; `{{Literal translation|One who celebrates}}`{=mediawiki}; Koine Greek: Ἀγγαῖος; *Aggaeus*) was a Hebrew prophet active during the building of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, one of the twelve minor prophets in the Hebrew Bi... | 717 | Haggai | 0 |
13,968 | # Haggai
## Liturgical commemoration {#liturgical_commemoration}
On the Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar, Haggai is commemorated as a saint and prophet. His feast day is 16 December (for those churches which follow the traditional Julian Calendar, 16 December currently falls on 29 December of the modern Gregorian... | 143 | Haggai | 1 |
13,978 | # Hopwood Award
The **Hopwood Awards** are a major scholarship program at the University of Michigan, founded by Avery Hopwood.
Under the terms of the will of Avery Hopwood, a prominent American dramatist and member of the class of 1905 of the University of Michigan, one-fifth of Mr. Hopwood\'s estate was given to th... | 561 | Hopwood Award | 0 |
13,978 | # Hopwood Award
## Notable Hopwood winners {#notable_hopwood_winners}
- Max Apple, (BA 1963). Author of: \"The Oranging of America\" (1976, short stories), \"Zip: A Novel of the Left and the Right\" (1978, novel), \"Three Stories\" (1983, short stories), \"Free Agents\" (1984, novel), \"The Propheteers: A Novel\" (... | 762 | Hopwood Award | 1 |
13,983 | # Hawick
**Hawick** (`{{IPAc-en|audio=En-uk-Hawick.ogg|h|ɔɪ|k}}`{=mediawiki} `{{respell|HOYK}}`{=mediawiki}; *Haaick*; *Hamhaig*) is a town in the Scottish Borders council area and historic county of Roxburghshire in the east Southern Uplands of Scotland. It is 10 mi south-west of Jedburgh and 8.9 mi south-south-east... | 938 | Hawick | 0 |
13,983 | # Hawick
## Economy
The companies William Lockie, Hawico, Hawick Knitwear, Johnstons of Elgin, Lyle & Scott, Peter Scott, Pringle of Scotland, and Scott and Charters, have had and in many cases still have manufacturing plants in Hawick, producing luxury cashmere and merino wool knitwear. Engineering firm Turnbull and... | 488 | Hawick | 1 |
13,983 | # Hawick
## Culture and traditions {#culture_and_traditions}
### Culture
The town hosts the annual Common Riding, which combines the annual riding of the boundaries of the town\'s common land with the commemoration of a victory of local youths over an English raiding party in 1514. In March 2007, this was described ... | 651 | Hawick | 2 |
13,983 | # Hawick
## Education and services {#education_and_services}
Hawick Library is a Carnegie funded library that opened in 1904.
Teviotdale Leisure Centre is the local public fitness centre, with a gym, children\'s soft-play area and swimming pool. The previous public baths, now disused were built in 1913 on Commercial... | 330 | Hawick | 3 |
13,983 | # Hawick
## Town twinning {#town_twinning}
Hawick is twinned with Bailleul, Nord, France.
## Notable people {#notable_people}
### Arts
- Dame Isobel Baillie (1895--1983), singer
- Brian Balfour-Oatts (born 1966), art dealer
- Brian Bonsor (1926--2011), composer
- Andrew Cranston (born 1969), artist
- Wil... | 63 | Hawick | 4 |
13,987 | # Helene Kröller-Müller
**Helene Emma Laura Juliane Kröller-Müller** (`{{IPA|de|heˈleːnə ˈkʁœlɐ ˈmʏlɐ}}`{=mediawiki}; `{{nee|'''Müller'''}}`{=mediawiki}; 11 February 1869 -- 14 December 1939) was a German art collector. She was one of the first European women to put together a major art collection. She is credited wit... | 607 | Helene Kröller-Müller | 0 |
13,992 | # Harold Kushner
**Harold Samuel Kushner** (April 3, 1935 -- April 28, 2023) was an American rabbi, author, and lecturer. He was a member of the Rabbinical Assembly of Conservative Judaism and served as the congregational rabbi of Temple Israel of Natick, in Natick, Massachusetts, for 24 years.
Kushner gained widespr... | 482 | Harold Kushner | 0 |
13,992 | # Harold Kushner
## Rabbinical career {#rabbinical_career}
Following his rabbinic ordination, Kushner went to court to request the waiver of his military exemption. He served for two years as a first lieutenant in the Army\'s Chaplain Corps at Fort Sill in Oklahoma. After his discharge from the military, Kushner retu... | 324 | Harold Kushner | 1 |
13,992 | # Harold Kushner
## Writing
With the backing of Rabbi Ira Eisenstein, the founder of the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College, Kushner released his inaugural book in 1971 under the title *When Children Ask About God: A Guide for Parents Who Don\'t Always Have All the Answers.* Rather than reinforcing the notion of Go... | 1,179 | Harold Kushner | 2 |
13,992 | # Harold Kushner
## Views
Kushner, affiliated with Conservative Judaism, championed progressive concepts within the movement while deeply influenced by Mordecai Kaplan, his teacher and the founder of Reconstructionist Judaism, whom he regarded as the most influential thinker in American Jewish history. During a speec... | 662 | Harold Kushner | 3 |
13,992 | # Harold Kushner
## Personal life {#personal_life}
In 1960, Kushner married Suzette Estrada and moved to Massachusetts. Estrada died in 2022. The couple had a son named Aaron, who died of progeria at the age of 14, a daughter named Ariel, and two grandchildren. Kushner\'s brother Paul was a rabbi in Bellmore and Merr... | 118 | Harold Kushner | 4 |
13,998 | # Hierarchy
Subordination}} A **hierarchy** (from Greek: *label=none*, from `{{transliteration|grc|[[ordinary (officer)|hierarkhes]]}}`{=mediawiki}, \'president of sacred rites\') is an arrangement of items (objects, names, values, categories, etc.) that are represented as being \"above\", \"below\", or \"at the same ... | 780 | Hierarchy | 0 |
13,998 | # Hierarchy
## Nomenclature
### Degree of branching {#degree_of_branching}
Degree of branching refers to the number of direct subordinates or children an object has (in graph theory, equivalent to the number of other vertices connected to via outgoing arcs, in a directed graph) a node has. Hierarchies can be categor... | 497 | Hierarchy | 1 |
13,998 | # Hierarchy
## `{{anchor|Visually representing hierarchies}}`{=mediawiki}Representing hierarchies {#representing_hierarchies}
A hierarchy is typically depicted as a pyramid, where the height of a level represents that level\'s status and width of a level represents the quantity of items at that level relative to the ... | 715 | Hierarchy | 2 |
13,998 | # Hierarchy
## Subtypes
### Nested hierarchy {#nested_hierarchy}
A nested hierarchy or *inclusion hierarchy* is a hierarchical ordering of nested sets. The concept of nesting is exemplified in Russian matryoshka dolls. Each doll is encompassed by another doll, all the way to the outer doll. The outer doll holds all ... | 821 | Hierarchy | 3 |
13,998 | # Hierarchy
## Contexts and applications {#contexts_and_applications}
Kulish (2002) suggests that almost every system of organization which humans apply to the world is arranged hierarchically.`{{request quotation|date=November 2021}}`{=mediawiki} Some conventional definitions of the terms \"nation\"`{{failed verific... | 968 | Hierarchy | 4 |
13,998 | # Hierarchy
## Contexts and applications {#contexts_and_applications}
### Examples of other applications {#examples_of_other_applications}
#### Information-based {#information_based}
- Library classification
- Dewey Decimal Classification
#### City planning-based {#city_planning_based}
- Green transport ... | 765 | Hierarchy | 5 |
14,009 | # Hemicellulose
A **hemicellulose** (also known as **polyose**) is one of a number of heteropolymers (matrix polysaccharides), such as arabinoxylans, present along with cellulose in almost all terrestrial plant cell walls. Cellulose is crystalline, strong, and resistant to hydrolysis. Hemicelluloses are branched, shor... | 593 | Hemicellulose | 0 |
14,009 | # Hemicellulose
## Biosynthesis
Hemicelluloses are synthesised from sugar nucleotides in the cell\'s Golgi apparatus. Two models explain their synthesis: 1) a \'2 component model\' where modification occurs at two transmembrane proteins, and 2) a \'1 component model\' where modification occurs only at one transmembra... | 421 | Hemicellulose | 1 |
14,009 | # Hemicellulose
## Applications
In the sulfite pulp process the hemicellulose is largely hydrolysed by the acid pulping liquor ending up in the brown liquor where the fermentable hexose sugars (around 2%) can be used for producing ethanol. This process was primarily applied to calcium sulfite brown liquors.
Arabinog... | 394 | Hemicellulose | 2 |
14,009 | # Hemicellulose
## Extraction
There are many ways to obtain hemicellulose; all of these rely on extraction methods through hardwood or softwood trees milled into smaller samples. In hardwoods the main hemicellulose extract is glucuronoxlyan (acetylated xylans), while galactoglucomannan is found in softwoods. Prior to... | 527 | Hemicellulose | 3 |
14,018 | # Helen Gandy
**Helen Wilburforce Gandy** (April 8, 1897 -- July 7, 1988) was the American longtime secretary to Federal Bureau of Investigation director J. Edgar Hoover, who called her \"indispensable\". Serving in that role for 54 years she exercised great behind-the-scenes influence on Hoover and the operations of ... | 677 | Helen Gandy | 0 |
14,018 | # Helen Gandy
## Career
### Files
Hoover died during the night of May 1--2, 1972. According to Curt Gentry, who wrote the 1991 book *J Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets*, Hoover\'s body was not discovered by his live-in cook and general housekeeper, Annie Fields; rather, it was discovered by James Crawford, who h... | 1,122 | Helen Gandy | 1 |
14,018 | # Helen Gandy
## Later years {#later_years}
Hoover left Gandy \$5,000 in his will.
In 1961, she and her sister, Lucy G. Rodman, donated a portrait of their mother by Thomas Eakins to the Smithsonian American Art Museum. Gandy lived in Washington until 1986, when she moved to DeLand, Florida, in Volusia County, where... | 98 | Helen Gandy | 2 |
14,023 | # Hot or Not
**Hot or Not** was a rating site that allowed users to submit photos of themselves to be rated by other users on a scale of 1 to 10, with the average becoming the photo\'s score. The site also offered a matchmaking engine called \'Meet Me\' and an extended profile feature called \"Hotlists\". The domain h... | 564 | Hot or Not | 0 |
14,023 | # Hot or Not
## Research
In 2005, as an example of using image morphing methods to study the effects of averageness, imaging researcher Pierre Tourigny created a composite of about 30 faces to find out the current standard of good looks on the Internet. On the Hot or Not web site, people rate others\' attractiveness ... | 293 | Hot or Not | 1 |
14,031 | # Hierarchical organization
A **hierarchical organization** or **hierarchical organisation** (see spelling differences) is an organizational structure where every entity in the organization, except one, is subordinate to a single other entity. This arrangement is a form of hierarchy. In an organization, this hierarchy... | 785 | Hierarchical organization | 0 |
14,031 | # Hierarchical organization
## Studies
The organizational development theorist Elliott Jaques identified a special role for hierarchy in his concept of requisite organization.
The iron law of oligarchy, introduced by Robert Michels, describes the inevitable tendency of hierarchical organizations to become oligarchic... | 401 | Hierarchical organization | 1 |
14,031 | # Hierarchical organization
## Types of hierarchy {#types_of_hierarchy}
### Four types of hierarchy {#four_types_of_hierarchy}
A more elaborate typology of hierarchy in social systems entails four types: hierarchy as a ladder of formal authority, ladder of achieved status, self-organized ladder of responsibility, and... | 782 | Hierarchical organization | 2 |
14,031 | # Hierarchical organization
## Criticism and alternatives {#criticism_and_alternatives}
The work of diverse theorists such as William James (1842--1910), Michel Foucault (1926--1984) and Hayden White (1928--2018) makes important critiques of hierarchical epistemology. James famously asserts in his work on radical emp... | 338 | Hierarchical organization | 3 |
14,063 | # Hugh Binning
**Hugh Binning** (1627--1653) was a Scottish philosopher and theologian. He was born in Scotland during the reign of Charles I and was ordained in the (Presbyterian) Church of Scotland. He died in 1653, during the time of Oliver Cromwell and the Commonwealth of England.
## Personal life {#personal_life... | 1,186 | Hugh Binning | 0 |
14,063 | # Hugh Binning
## Impact of the Commonwealth {#impact_of_the_commonwealth}
Hugh Binning was born two years after Charles I became monarch of England, Ireland, and Scotland. At the time, each was an independent country sharing the same monarch. The Acts of Union 1707 integrated Scotland and England to form the Kingdom... | 753 | Hugh Binning | 1 |
14,063 | # Hugh Binning
## Politics
Hugh Binning\'s political views were based on his theology. Binning was a Covenanter, a movement that began in Scotland at Greyfriars Kirkyard in 1638 with the National Covenant and continued with the 1643 Solemn League and Covenant---in effect a treaty between the English Long Parliament a... | 441 | Hugh Binning | 2 |
14,063 | # Hugh Binning
## Works
All of the works of Hugh Binning were published posthumously and were primarily collections of his sermons. Of his speaking style, it was said: \"There is originality without any affectation, a rich imagination, without anything fanciful or extravert, the utmost simplicity, without an thing me... | 1,070 | Hugh Binning | 3 |
14,064 | # Henry Home, Lord Kames
**Henry Home, Lord Kames** (1696--27 December 1782) was a Scottish writer, philosopher and judge who played a major role in Scotland\'s Agricultural Revolution. A central figure of the Scottish Enlightenment, he was a founding member of the Philosophical Society of Edinburgh and active in The ... | 294 | Henry Home, Lord Kames | 0 |
14,064 | # Henry Home, Lord Kames
## Writings
Home wrote much about the importance of property to society. In his *Essay Upon Several Subjects Concerning British Antiquities*, written just after the Jacobite rising of 1745, he showed that the politics of Scotland were based not on loyalty to Kings, as the Jacobites had said, ... | 577 | Henry Home, Lord Kames | 1 |
14,065 | # Harwich
**Harwich** `{{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|ær|ᵻ|tʃ}}`{=mediawiki} is a town in Essex, England, and one of the Haven ports on the North Sea coast. It is in the Tendring district. Nearby places include Felixstowe to the north-east, Ipswich to the north-west, Colchester to the south-west and Clacton-on-Sea to the south. It is ... | 963 | Harwich | 0 |
14,065 | # Harwich
## Architecture
Despite, or perhaps because of, its small size Harwich is highly regarded in terms of architectural heritage, and the whole of the older part of the town, excluding Navyard Wharf, is a conservation area.
The regular street plan with principal thoroughfares connected by numerous small alleys... | 447 | Harwich | 1 |
14,065 | # Harwich
## Notable residents {#notable_residents}
Harwich has also historically hosted a number of notable inhabitants, linked with Harwich\'s maritime past.
- Christopher Newport (1561--1617), seaman and privateer, captain of the expedition that founded Jamestown, Virginia
- Christopher Jones (c.1570--1622) C... | 431 | Harwich | 2 |
14,068 | # Hans Baldung
**Hans Baldung** (1484 or 1485 -- September 1545), called **Hans Baldung Grien**, (being an early nickname, because of his predilection for the colour green), was a painter, printer, engraver, draftsman, and stained glass artist, who was considered the most gifted student of Albrecht Dürer and whose art... | 657 | Hans Baldung | 0 |
14,068 | # Hans Baldung
## Witchcraft and religious imagery {#witchcraft_and_religious_imagery}
In addition to traditional religious subjects, Baldung was concerned during these years with the profane themes of the imminence of death and the relation between the sexes, as well as with scenes of sorcery and witchcraft. The num... | 554 | Hans Baldung | 1 |
14,068 | # Hans Baldung
## Work
### Painting
Baldung settled eventually in Strasbourg and then to Freiburg im Breisgau, where he executed what is held to be his masterpiece: an eleven-panel altarpiece for the Freiburg Cathedral, still intact today, depicting scenes from the life of the Virgin, including *The Annunciation*, *... | 605 | Hans Baldung | 2 |
14,068 | # Hans Baldung
## Selected works {#selected_works}
- *Phyllis and Aristotle*, Paris, Louvre. 1503
- Two altar wings (Charles the Great, St. George), Augsburg, State Gallery.
- *Portrait of a Youth*, Hampton Court, Royal Collection 1509
- *The Birth of Christ*, Basel, Kunstmuseum Basel, 1510
- *The Adoration... | 504 | Hans Baldung | 3 |
14,070 | # Hammered dulcimer
The **hammered dulcimer** (also called the **hammer dulcimer**) is a percussion-string instrument which consists of strings typically stretched over a trapezoidal resonant sound board. The hammered dulcimer is set before the musician, who in more traditional styles may sit cross-legged on the floor... | 354 | Hammered dulcimer | 0 |
14,070 | # Hammered dulcimer
## Strings and tuning {#strings_and_tuning}
thumb\|upright=0.7\|Major scale pattern on a diatonic hammered dulcimer tuned in 5ths thumb\|upright=0.7\|The *Salzburger hackbrett*, a chromatic version thumb\|upright=0.7\|left\|Tuning of a hammered dulcimer (southeastern Slovenia) A dulcimer usually h... | 1,152 | Hammered dulcimer | 1 |
14,070 | # Hammered dulcimer
## Variants and adaptations {#variants_and_adaptations}
Versions of the hammered dulcimer, each of which has its own distinct manner of construction and playing style, are used throughout the world: `{{div col}}`{=mediawiki}
- Afghanistan -- santur
- Austria -- Hackbrett
- Bangladesh -- san... | 261 | Hammered dulcimer | 2 |
14,076 | # Horse breed
thumb\|upright=1.25\|Illustration of horse breeds from Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (1890--1907) A **horse breed** is a selectively bred population of domesticated horses, often with pedigrees recorded in a breed registry. However, the term is sometimes used in a broader sense to define la... | 401 | Horse breed | 0 |
14,076 | # Horse breed
## Purebreds and registries {#purebreds_and_registries}
*Main article: Breed registry, Purebred* Horses have been selectively bred since their domestication. However, the concept of purebred bloodstock and a controlled, written breed registry only became of significant importance in modern times. Today,... | 748 | Horse breed | 1 |
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