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14,382 | # Hi-hat
## Modern stands {#modern_stands}
The standard hi-hat features two cymbals mounted on a stand consisting of a mating metal tube and rod supported by a tripod and linked to a pedal. The stationary bottom cymbal sits atop the tube, typically parallel to the ground, but is often fitted with an adjustment screw ... | 838 | Hi-hat | 2 |
14,382 | # Hi-hat
## Use
When struck closed or played with the pedal, the hi-hat gives a short, crisp, muted percussive sound, referred to as a \"chick\". Adjusting the gap between the cymbals can alter the sound of the open hi-hat from a shimmering, sustained tone to something similar to a ride cymbal. When struck with a dru... | 608 | Hi-hat | 3 |
14,386 | # Hydroxy group
In chemistry, a **hydroxy** or **hydroxyl group** is a functional group with the chemical formula `{{chem2|\sOH}}`{=mediawiki} and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups. Both the negativ... | 340 | Hydroxy group | 0 |
14,386 | # Hydroxy group
## Planetary observations {#planetary_observations}
### Airglow of the Earth {#airglow_of_the_earth}
The Earth\'s night sky is illuminated by diffuse light, called airglow, that is produced by radiative transitions of atoms and molecules. Among the most intense such features observed in the Earth\'s ... | 489 | Hydroxy group | 1 |
14,395 | # Hummer
**Hummer** (stylized in all caps) is an American brand of pickups launched in 1992 when AM General began selling a civilian version of the M998 Humvee. Although discontinued in 2010, Hummer returned as a model under GMC in 2020. In 1998, General Motors (GM) purchased the brand name from and marketed three veh... | 658 | Hummer | 0 |
14,395 | # Hummer
## History
### Failed sale and shutdown {#failed_sale_and_shutdown}
On June 1, 2009, as a part of the General Motors bankruptcy announcement, the company revealed that the Hummer brand would be discontinued. However, the following day GM announced that instead it had reached a deal to sell the brand to an un... | 373 | Hummer | 1 |
14,395 | # Hummer
## History
### Revival
In mid-2019, rumors began to circulate that General Motors was considering reviving the Hummer nameplate in 2021, as the market for off-road vehicles was reaching historic levels of sales. GM President Mark Ruess was asked about the possible return in the summer of 2019 and said, \"I l... | 637 | Hummer | 2 |
14,395 | # Hummer
## Concept vehicles {#concept_vehicles}
### Hummer HX {#hummer_hx}
The Hummer HX was developed in 2008 as an open-air, two-door off-road concept car, smaller than other Hummer models.
### Plug-in hybrid {#plug_in_hybrid}
Raser Technologies (formerly of Utah) was to use technology similar to that of the Ch... | 714 | Hummer | 3 |
14,406 | # Harmony Society
The **Harmony Society** was a Christian theosophy and pietist society founded in Iptingen, Germany, in 1785. Due to religious persecution by the Lutheran Church and the government in Württemberg, the group moved to the United States, where representatives purchased land in Butler County, Pennsylvania... | 971 | Harmony Society | 0 |
14,406 | # Harmony Society
## Settlements in the United States {#settlements_in_the_united_states}
In 1804, while Rapp and his associates remained in the United States looking for a place to settle, his followers sailed to America aboard several vessels and made their way to western Pennsylvania, where they waited until land ... | 396 | Harmony Society | 1 |
14,406 | # Harmony Society
## Settlements in the United States {#settlements_in_the_united_states}
### First settlement: Harmony, Pennsylvania {#first_settlement_harmony_pennsylvania}
*Main article: Harmony, Pennsylvania*
In December 1804 Rapp and a party of two others initially contracted to purchase 4,500 acre of land for ... | 649 | Harmony Society | 2 |
14,406 | # Harmony Society
## Settlements in the United States {#settlements_in_the_united_states}
### Second settlement: Harmony, Indiana {#second_settlement_harmony_indiana}
*Main article: New Harmony, Indiana*
In 1814 the Harmony Society moved to the Indiana Territory, where it initially acquired approximately 3,500 acre ... | 578 | Harmony Society | 3 |
14,406 | # Harmony Society
## Settlements in the United States {#settlements_in_the_united_states}
### Third settlement: Economy, Pennsylvania {#third_settlement_economy_pennsylvania}
In 1824 Frederick Rapp initially purchased 1,000 acre along the Ohio River, 18 mi northwest of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, for \$10,000, and late... | 966 | Harmony Society | 4 |
14,406 | # Harmony Society
## Characteristics
### Religious views {#religious_views}
In 1791 George Rapp said, \"I am a prophet, and I am called to be one\" in front of the civil affairs official in Maulbronn, Germany, who promptly had him imprisoned for two days and threatened with exile if he did not cease preaching. To th... | 813 | Harmony Society | 5 |
14,406 | # Harmony Society
## Characteristics
### Architecture
The Harmony Society\'s architecture reflected their Swabian German traditions, as well as the styles that were being developed in America during the 19th century. In the early days of the Society, many of the homes were initially log cabins and later, Harmonist cr... | 535 | Harmony Society | 6 |
14,406 | # Harmony Society
## Characteristics
### Living styles {#living_styles}
At Harmony, Pennsylvania, four to six members were assigned to a home, where they lived as families, although not all those living in the household were related. Even when the house contained those that were married, they would live together as b... | 641 | Harmony Society | 7 |
14,408 | # Huneric
**Huneric,** **Hunneric** or **Honeric** (died December 23, 484) was King of the (North African) Vandal Kingdom (477--484) and the oldest son of Gaiseric. He abandoned the imperial politics of his father and concentrated mainly on internal affairs. He was married to Eudocia, daughter of western Roman Emperor... | 336 | Huneric | 0 |
14,408 | # Huneric
## Reign
Huneric conducted a purge in 479. He had his older brother Theoderic, along with his daughters and younger son, and the eldest son of his brother Gento, along with his wife, exiled. Theoderic\'s wife and eldest son were executed along with Heldica, one of Gaiseric\'s officials, and his family. Jucu... | 530 | Huneric | 1 |
14,409 | # Hasdingi
The **Hasdingi** were one of the Vandal peoples of the Roman era. The Vandals were Germanic peoples, who are believed to have spoken an East Germanic language, and were first reported during the first centuries of the Roman empire in the area which is now Poland, eastern Germany, the Czech Republic, and Slo... | 276 | Hasdingi | 0 |
14,431 | # Hedwig of Silesia
**Hedwig of Silesia** (also **Hedwig of Andechs** (*Heilige Hedwig von Andechs*, *Święta Jadwiga Śląska*, *Hedvigis*; 1174 -- 15 October 1243), a member of the Bavarian comital House of Andechs, was Duchess of Silesia from 1201 and of Greater Poland from 1231 as well as High Duchess consort of Pola... | 484 | Hedwig of Silesia | 0 |
14,431 | # Hedwig of Silesia
## Life
### Widow
Upon his death in 1238, Henry was buried at a Cistercian monastery of nuns, Trzebnica Abbey (*Kloster Trebnitz*), which he had established in 1202 at Hedwig\'s request. Hedwig accepted the death of her beloved husband with faith. She said: `{{Blockquote|"Would you oppose the will... | 616 | Hedwig of Silesia | 1 |
14,431 | # Hedwig of Silesia
## Children
Hedwig and Henry I had seven children:
1. Agnes (ca. 1190 -- before 11 May 1214).
2. Bolesław (ca. 1191 -- 10 September 1206/08).
3. Henry II the Pious (ca. 1196 -- killed in Battle of Legnica, 9 April 1241).
4. Konrad the Curly (ca. 1198 -- Czerwony Kosciol, 4 September 1213).
5.... | 213 | Hedwig of Silesia | 2 |
14,439 | # Harmonic series (music)
The **harmonic series** (also **overtone series**) is the sequence of harmonics, musical tones, or pure tones whose frequency is an integer multiple of a *fundamental frequency*.
Pitched musical instruments are often based on an acoustic resonator such as a string or a column of air, which o... | 622 | Harmonic series (music) | 0 |
14,439 | # Harmonic series (music)
## Frequencies, wavelengths, and musical intervals in example systems {#frequencies_wavelengths_and_musical_intervals_in_example_systems}
One of the simplest cases to visualise is a vibrating string, as in the illustration; the string has fixed points at each end, and each harmonic mode divi... | 574 | Harmonic series (music) | 1 |
14,439 | # Harmonic series (music)
## Harmonics and tuning {#harmonics_and_tuning}
If the harmonics are octave displaced and compressed into the span of one octave, some of them are approximated by the notes of what the West has adopted as the chromatic scale based on the fundamental tone. The Western chromatic scale has been... | 566 | Harmonic series (music) | 2 |
14,439 | # Harmonic series (music)
## Timbre of musical instruments {#timbre_of_musical_instruments}
The relative amplitudes (strengths) of the various harmonics primarily determine the timbre of different instruments and sounds, though onset transients, formants, noises, and inharmonicities also play a role. For example, the... | 278 | Harmonic series (music) | 3 |
14,439 | # Harmonic series (music)
## Interval strength {#interval_strength}
David Cope (1997) suggests the concept of interval strength, in which an interval\'s strength, consonance, or stability (see consonance and dissonance) is determined by its approximation to a lower and stronger, or higher and weaker, position in the ... | 115 | Harmonic series (music) | 4 |
14,441 | # Hasid
**Ḥasīd** (*חסיד*, \"pious\", \"saintly\", \"godly man\"; plural `{{Script/Hebrew|חסידים}}`{=mediawiki} \"Hasidim\") is a Jewish honorific, frequently used as a term of exceptional respect in the Talmudic and early medieval periods. It denotes a person who is scrupulous in his observance of Jewish law, and oft... | 527 | Hasid | 0 |
14,454 | # Henry Moseley
**Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|oʊ|z|l|i}}`{=mediawiki}; 23 November 1887 -- 10 August 1915) was an English physicist, whose contribution to the science of physics was the justification from physical laws of the previous empirical and chemical concept of the atomic number. This stemmed ... | 494 | Henry Moseley | 0 |
14,454 | # Henry Moseley
## Career and research {#career_and_research}
Experimenting with the energy of beta particles in 1912, Moseley showed that high potentials were attainable from a radioactive source of radium, thereby inventing the first atomic battery, though he was unable to produce the 1MV necessary to stop the part... | 1,054 | Henry Moseley | 1 |
14,454 | # Henry Moseley
## Career and research {#career_and_research}
### Use of X-ray spectrometer {#use_of_x_ray_spectrometer}
X-ray spectrometers are the foundation-stones of X-ray crystallography. The X-ray spectrometers as Moseley knew them worked as follows. A glass-bulb electron tube was used, similar to that held by ... | 287 | Henry Moseley | 2 |
14,454 | # Henry Moseley
## Death and aftermath {#death_and_aftermath}
Sometime in the first half of 1914, Moseley resigned from his position at Manchester, with plans to return to Oxford and continue his physics research there. However, World War I broke out in August 1914, and Moseley turned down this job offer to instead e... | 531 | Henry Moseley | 3 |
14,463 | # Harmonic mean
In mathematics, the **harmonic mean** is a kind of average, one of the Pythagorean means.
It is the most appropriate average for ratios and rates such as speeds, and is normally only used for positive arguments.
The harmonic mean is the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals of the numb... | 819 | Harmonic mean | 0 |
14,463 | # Harmonic mean
## Weighted harmonic mean {#weighted_harmonic_mean}
If a set of weights $w_1$, \..., $w_n$ is associated to the data set $x_1$, \..., $x_n$, the **weighted harmonic mean** is defined by
$$H = \frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^n w_i}{\sum\limits_{i=1}^n \frac{w_i}{x_i}}
= \left( \frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^n w_... | 1,057 | Harmonic mean | 1 |
14,463 | # Harmonic mean
## Examples
### In geometry {#in_geometry}
In any triangle, the radius of the incircle is one-third of the harmonic mean of the altitudes.
For any point P on the minor arc BC of the circumcircle of an equilateral triangle ABC, with distances *q* and *t* from B and C respectively, and with the interse... | 369 | Harmonic mean | 2 |
14,463 | # Harmonic mean
## Examples
### In other sciences {#in_other_sciences}
In computer science, specifically information retrieval and machine learning, the harmonic mean of the precision (true positives per predicted positive) and the recall (true positives per real positive) is often used as an aggregated performance s... | 612 | Harmonic mean | 3 |
14,463 | # Harmonic mean
## Beta distribution {#beta_distribution}
The harmonic mean of a beta distribution with shape parameters *α* and *β* is:
$$H = \frac{\alpha - 1}{\alpha + \beta - 1} \text{ conditional on } \alpha > 1 \, \, \& \, \, \beta > 0$$
The harmonic mean with *α* \< 1 is undefined because its defining express... | 342 | Harmonic mean | 4 |
14,463 | # Harmonic mean
## Lognormal distribution {#lognormal_distribution}
The harmonic mean ( *H* ) of the lognormal distribution of a random variable *X* is
: $H = \exp \left( \mu - \frac{1}{2} \sigma^2 \right),$
where *μ* and *σ*^2^ are the parameters of the distribution, i.e. the mean and variance of the distributio... | 894 | Harmonic mean | 5 |
14,472 | # Book of Helaman
**The Book of Helaman** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|iː|l|ə|m|ən}}`{=mediawiki} `{{respell|HEE|lə-mən}}`{=mediawiki}) is one of the books that make up the Book of Mormon, a text held sacred by churches within the Latter Day Saint movement, including the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Th... | 726 | Book of Helaman | 0 |
14,472 | # Book of Helaman
## Themes
### War and contention {#war_and_contention}
The short preface to the Book of Helaman is written by Mormon, the editor of the books following Omni according to the Book of Mormon narrative. Mormon describes the book of Helaman as being about \"wars and contentions\". According to Brant Ga... | 576 | Book of Helaman | 1 |
14,472 | # Book of Helaman
## Textual variants {#textual_variants}
In the 1830 edition of the Book of Mormon, Joseph Smith originally gave his scribes an arrangement of five chapters that were larger than the chapters in modern editions of the Book of Mormon | 42 | Book of Helaman | 2 |
14,526 | # Irina Krush
**Irina Borisivna Krush** (*Ірина Борисівна Круш*; born December 24, 1983) is an American chess Grandmaster. She is the only woman to earn the GM title while playing for the United States. Krush is an eight-time U.S. Women\'s Champion and a two-time Women\'s American Cup Champion.
## Early life {#early_... | 702 | Irina Krush | 0 |
14,536 | # List of Indian musical instruments
**Musical instruments of the Indian subcontinent** can be broadly classified according to the Hornbostel--Sachs system into four categories: chordophones (string instruments), aerophones (wind instruments), membranophones (drums) and idiophones (non-drum percussion instruments).
#... | 366 | List of Indian musical instruments | 0 |
14,536 | # List of Indian musical instruments
## Membranophones
### Hand drums {#hand_drums}
+--------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| - Dhad | - Pakhavaj |
| - Damru ... | 458 | List of Indian musical instruments | 1 |
14,537 | # IRIX
**IRIX** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|ai|ɹ|ɪ|k|s}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{respell|EYE|ricks}}`{=mediawiki}) is a discontinued operating system developed by Silicon Graphics (SGI) to run on the company\'s proprietary MIPS workstations and servers. It is based on UNIX System V with BSD extensions. In IRIX, SGI originated the XFS file... | 804 | IRIX | 0 |
14,537 | # IRIX
## 4Dwm
**4Dwm** is the window manager component of the IRIX Interactive Desktop normally used on Silicon Graphics workstations running IRIX. 4Dwm is derived from the older Motif Window Manager and uses the Motif widget toolkit on top of the X Window System found on most Unix systems. 4Dwm on IRIX was one of t... | 133 | IRIX | 1 |
14,541 | # Indo-Iranian languages
The **Indo-Iranian languages** (also known as **Indo-Iranic languages** or collectively the **Aryan languages**) constitute the largest branch of the Indo-European language family. They include over 300 languages, spoken by around 1.7 billion speakers worldwide, predominantly in South Asia, We... | 357 | Indo-Iranian languages | 0 |
14,541 | # Indo-Iranian languages
## Origin
All Indo-Iranian languages can be traced back to a single hypothetical ancestral language: Proto-Indo-Iranian, which is the reconstructed proto-language to represent the latest point at which all modern-day Indo-Iranian languages were still unified. Proto-Indo-Iranian, in turn, is c... | 422 | Indo-Iranian languages | 1 |
14,543 | # Industry (economics)
In microeconomics, an **industry** is a branch of an economy that produces a closely related set of raw materials, goods, or services. For example, one might refer to the wood industry or to the insurance industry.
When evaluating a single group or company, its dominant source of revenue is typ... | 436 | Industry (economics) | 0 |
14,544 | # Indriidae
The **Indriidae** (sometimes incorrectly spelled **Indridae**) are a family of strepsirrhine primates. They are medium- to large-sized lemurs, with only four teeth in the toothcomb instead of the usual six. **Indriids**, like all lemurs, live exclusively on the island of Madagascar.
## Classification
The... | 472 | Indriidae | 0 |
14,551 | # Tertiary sector of the economy
thumb\|upright=1.1\|The product lifecycle
The **tertiary sector of the economy**, generally known as the **service sector**, is the third of the three economic sectors in the three-sector model (also known as the economic cycle). The others are the primary sector (raw materials) and t... | 760 | Tertiary sector of the economy | 0 |
14,551 | # Tertiary sector of the economy
## List of countries by tertiary output {#list_of_countries_by_tertiary_output}
right\|upright=1 | 15 | Tertiary sector of the economy | 1 |
14,554 | # Imaginary number
+-----------------------------------------+
| The powers of `{{mvar|i}}`{=mediawiki}\ |
| are cyclic: |
+=========================================+
| $\ \vdots$ |
+-----------------------------------------+
| $\ i^{-2} = -1\phantom{i}$ ... | 739 | Imaginary number | 0 |
14,566 | # Impressionism in music
**Impressionism in music** was a movement among various composers in Western classical music (mainly during the late 19th and early 20th centuries) whose music focuses on mood and atmosphere, \"conveying the moods and emotions aroused by the subject rather than a detailed tone‐picture\". \"Imp... | 626 | Impressionism in music | 0 |
14,570 | # Intension
In any of several fields of study that treat the use of signs---for example, in linguistics, logic, mathematics, semantics, semiotics, and philosophy of language---an **intension** is any property or quality connoted by a word, phrase, or another symbol. In the case of a word, the word\'s definition often ... | 355 | Intension | 0 |
14,570 | # Intension
## Statement forms {#statement_forms}
A statement-form is simply a form obtained by putting blanks into a sentence where one or more expressions with extensions occur---for instance, \"The quick brown \_\_\_ jumped over the lazy \_\_\_\'s back.\" An instance of the form is a statement obtained by filling ... | 586 | Intension | 1 |
14,597 | # Geography of India
India is situated north of the equator between 8°4\' north (the mainland) to 37°6\' north latitude and 68°7\' east to 97°25\' east longitude. It is the seventh-largest country in the world, with a total area of 3287263 km2. India measures 3214 km from north to south and 2933 km from east to west. ... | 658 | Geography of India | 0 |
14,597 | # Geography of India
## Political geography {#political_geography}
India is divided into 28 States (further subdivided into districts) and 8 union territories including the National capital territory (i.e., Delhi). India\'s borders run a total length of 15200 km.
Its borders with Pakistan and Bangladesh were delinea... | 369 | Geography of India | 1 |
14,597 | # Geography of India
## Physiographic regions {#physiographic_regions}
### Regions
India can be divided into six physiographic regions. They are:
- Northern Mountains: Himalayas
- Peninsular Plateau: contains mountain ranges (Aravalli, Vindhayachal and Satpura ranges), ghats (Eastern Ghats and Western Ghats) an... | 550 | Geography of India | 2 |
14,597 | # Geography of India
## Physiographic regions {#physiographic_regions}
### The Peninsular Plateau {#the_peninsular_plateau}
Further information: Peninsular India This is a large region of the Indian subcontinent located between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats, and is loosely defined as the peninsular region b... | 733 | Geography of India | 3 |
14,597 | # Geography of India
## Physiographic regions {#physiographic_regions}
### The Peninsular Plateau {#the_peninsular_plateau}
#### Ghats
The word *ghati* (*घाटी*) means valley. In Marathi, Hindi, Gujarati and Kannada, *ghat* is a term used to identify a difficult passage over a mountain. One such passage is the Bhor Gh... | 619 | Geography of India | 4 |
14,597 | # Geography of India
## Physiographic regions {#physiographic_regions}
### Indo-Gangetic plain {#indo_gangetic_plain}
*Main article: Indo-Gangetic plain*
The Indo-Gangetic plains, also known as the *Great Plains* are large alluvial plains dominated by three main rivers, the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra. They run p... | 371 | Geography of India | 5 |
14,597 | # Geography of India
## Physiographic regions {#physiographic_regions}
### Thar Desert {#thar_desert}
*Main article: Thar Desert*
The Thar Desert (also known as *the deserts*) is by some calculations the world\'s seventh largest desert, by some others the tenth. It forms a significant portion of western India and co... | 900 | Geography of India | 6 |
14,597 | # Geography of India
## Climate
*Main article: Climate of India, Climatic regions of India*
Based on the Köppen system, India hosts six major climatic subtypes, ranging from arid desert in the west, alpine tundra and glaciers in the north, and humid tropical regions supporting rainforests in the southwest and the is... | 302 | Geography of India | 7 |
14,597 | # Geography of India
## Geology
India\'s geological features are classified based on their era of formation. The Precambrian formations of Cudappah and Vindhyan systems are spread out over the eastern and southern states. A small part of this period is spread over western and central India. The Paleozoic formations f... | 476 | Geography of India | 8 |
14,597 | # Geography of India
## Geology
### Cratons
`{{anchor | Craton | Cratons of India | Indian Craton | Indian Shield}}`{=mediawiki}
Cratons are a specific kind of continental crust made up of a top layer called platform and an older layer called basement. A shield is the part of a craton where basement rock crops out o... | 422 | Geography of India | 9 |
14,605 | # Indian religions
*The Religion of India*\|the religions of indigenous peoples of North America\|Native American religions}} `{{Pp|small=yes}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Use Indian English|date=June 2013}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Pie chart
| caption = Indian religions as a percentage of w... | 625 | Indian religions | 0 |
14,605 | # Indian religions
## History
### Periodisation
Scottish historian James Mill, in his seminal work *The History of British India* (1817), distinguished three phases in the history of India, namely the Hindu, Muslim, and British periods. This periodisation has been criticised, for the misconceptions it has given rise... | 1,166 | Indian religions | 1 |
14,605 | # Indian religions
## History
### Vedic period (1750--800 BCE) {#vedic_period_1750800_bce}
The documented history of Indian religions begins with the historical Vedic religion, the religious practices of the early Indo-Aryans, which were collected and later redacted into the *Samhitas* (usually known as the Vedas), f... | 736 | Indian religions | 2 |
14,605 | # Indian religions
## History
### Sanskritization
Since Vedic times, \"people from many strata of society throughout the subcontinent tended to adapt their religious and social life to Brahmanic norms\", a process sometimes called Sanskritization. It is reflected in the tendency to identify local deities with the god... | 1,130 | Indian religions | 3 |
14,605 | # Indian religions
## History
### Shramanic period (c. 800--200 BCE) {#shramanic_period_c._800200_bce}
#### Dravidian culture {#dravidian_culture}
The early Dravidian religion constituted of non-Vedic form of Hinduism in that they were either historically or are at present Āgamic. The Agamas are non-vedic in origin a... | 603 | Indian religions | 4 |
14,605 | # Indian religions
## History
### Epic and Early Puranic Period (200 BCE -- 500 CE) {#epic_and_early_puranic_period_200_bce_500_ce}
Flood and Muesse take the period between 200 BCE and 500 BCE as a separate period, in which the epics and the first puranas were being written. Michaels takes a greater timespan, namely ... | 891 | Indian religions | 5 |
14,605 | # Indian religions
## History
### Medieval and Late Puranic Period (500--1500 CE) {#medieval_and_late_puranic_period_5001500_ce}
#### Late-Classical Period (c. 650--1100 CE) {#late_classical_period_c._6501100_ce}
After the end of the Gupta Empire and the collapse of the Harsha Empire, power became decentralised in I... | 591 | Indian religions | 6 |
14,605 | # Indian religions
## History
### Medieval and Late Puranic Period (500--1500 CE) {#medieval_and_late_puranic_period_5001500_ce}
#### Early Islamic rule (c. 1100--1500 CE) {#early_islamic_rule_c._11001500_ce}
In the 12th and 13th centuries, Turks and Afghans invaded parts of northern India and established the Delhi S... | 823 | Indian religions | 7 |
14,605 | # Indian religions
## Similarities and differences {#similarities_and_differences}
According to Tilak, the religions of India can be interpreted \"differentially\" or \"integrally\", that is by either highlighting the differences or the similarities. According to Sherma and Sarma, western Indologists have tended to e... | 455 | Indian religions | 8 |
14,605 | # Indian religions
## *Āstika* and *nāstika* categorisation {#āstika_and_nāstika_categorisation}
*Āstika* and *nāstika* are variously defined terms sometimes used to categorise Indian religions but we need to keep some caveats in mind.
Satoshi Ogura argues - We have found no Sanskrit doxography completed up to the e... | 560 | Indian religions | 9 |
14,605 | # Indian religions
## Status of non-Hindus in the Republic of India {#status_of_non_hindus_in_the_republic_of_india}
The inclusion of Buddhists, Jains, and Sikhs within Hinduism is part of the Indian legal system. The 1955 Hindu Marriage Act \"\[defines\] as Hindus all Buddhists, Jains, Sikhs and anyone who is not a ... | 616 | Indian religions | 10 |
14,612 | # Interrogatories
In law, **interrogatories** (also known as **requests for further information**) are a formal set of written questions propounded by one litigant and required to be answered by an adversary in order to clarify matters of fact and help to determine in advance what facts will be presented at any trial ... | 558 | Interrogatories | 0 |
14,612 | # Interrogatories
## Specific jurisdictions {#specific_jurisdictions}
### England and Wales {#england_and_wales}
In England and Wales, this procedure is governed by Part 18 of the Civil Procedure Rules. It is known as a *Request for Further Information*.
In the *Request for Further Information* procedure, use of st... | 647 | Interrogatories | 1 |
14,625 | # Insert (filmmaking)
In film, an **insert** is a shot of part of a scene as filmed from a different angle and/or focal length from the master shot. Inserts cover action already covered in the master shot, but emphasize a different aspect of that action due to the different framing. An insert differs from a cutaway as... | 217 | Insert (filmmaking) | 0 |
14,644 | # Geography of Indonesia
Indonesia is an archipelagic country located in Southeast Asia and Oceania, lying between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. It is located in a strategic location astride or along major sea lanes connecting East Asia, South Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the wor... | 411 | Geography of Indonesia | 0 |
14,644 | # Geography of Indonesia
## Geology
The main islands of Sumatra, Java, Madura, and Kalimantan lie on the Sunda plate and geographers have conventionally grouped them, (along with Sulawesi), as the Greater Sunda Islands. At Indonesia\'s eastern extremity is western New Guinea, which lies on the Australian plate. Sea d... | 537 | Geography of Indonesia | 1 |
14,644 | # Geography of Indonesia
## Geology
### Tectonism and volcanism {#tectonism_and_volcanism}
Most of the larger islands are mountainous, with peaks ranging between 2000 and meters above sea level in Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sulawesi, and Seram. The country\'s tallest mountains are located in the Jayawijaya Mountain... | 659 | Geography of Indonesia | 2 |
14,644 | # Geography of Indonesia
## Time zones {#time_zones}
Indonesia is divided into three time zones:
- **Western Indonesian Time/WIT** (Indonesian: *Waktu Indonesia Barat*/**WIB**) (UTC+7)
- WIB is observed in islands of Sumatra, Java, provinces of West Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan.
- **Central Indonesian... | 548 | Geography of Indonesia | 3 |
14,644 | # Geography of Indonesia
## Environmental issues {#environmental_issues}
Indonesia\'s high population and rapid industrialisation present serious environmental issues, which are often given a lower priority due to high poverty levels and weak, under-resourced governance. Issues include large-scale deforestation (much... | 364 | Geography of Indonesia | 4 |
14,644 | # Geography of Indonesia
## Statistics
**Area:**\
*total land area:* 1,904,569 km^2^ (*land:* 1,811,569 km^2\ (699450 mi^2^)^, *inland water:* 93,000 km2
**Area -- comparative:**
- Slightly smaller than Nunavut, Canada
- Slightly larger than combined area of Alaska and New England
- More than 27 times larger ... | 197 | Geography of Indonesia | 5 |
14,645 | # Demographics of Indonesia
thumb\|upright=1.25\|Historical population
Indonesia is a highly diverse country, both ethnically and linguistically. The country\'s population reached 270.20 million according to the 2020 national census, up from 237.64 million in 2010. As of mid-2025, the official estimate stood at 284.4... | 311 | Demographics of Indonesia | 0 |
14,645 | # Demographics of Indonesia
## Population
<File:Map> of Indonesian provinces by urban population percentage, 2022.svg\|Provinces of Indonesia by urban population percentage <File:Indonesia> provinces population density 2020.svg\|Provinces of Indonesia by population density per square kilometer in 2020 <File:Populatio... | 1,036 | Demographics of Indonesia | 1 |
14,645 | # Demographics of Indonesia
## Vital statistics {#vital_statistics}
thumb\|upright=1.5\|Fertility rate of Indonesia by province (2017)
### United Nations estimates {#united_nations_estimates}
<table>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th style="width:80pt;"><p>Period</p></th>
<th><p>Population<br />
(thousands)</p></th>
... | 1,496 | Demographics of Indonesia | 2 |
14,645 | # Demographics of Indonesia
## Vital statistics {#vital_statistics}
### United Nations estimates {#united_nations_estimates}
| y1= 69.6,71,72.6,74.2,75.9,77.7,79.7,81.7,83.8,86,88.4,90.8,93.3,96,98.7,101.2,103.6,106.3,109.1,112.1,115.2,118.3,121.5,124.7,127.9,131.2,134.5,137.9,
141.3,144.7,148.2,151.7,155.2,158.8,162... | 288 | Demographics of Indonesia | 3 |
14,645 | # Demographics of Indonesia
## Vital statistics {#vital_statistics}
### Fertility rate and aging population (by province) {#fertility_rate_and_aging_population_by_province}
Total fertility rate (TFR) and population over age 60 by region as of 2010:
Province Total fertility rate
-------------------... | 154 | Demographics of Indonesia | 4 |
14,645 | # Demographics of Indonesia
## Marriages and Divorces {#marriages_and_divorces}
Year Mid-year population Marriages Divorces
------ --------------------- ----------- ----------
2007 234,858,000 1,944,569 175,713
2008 237,937,000 2,194,037 193,189
2009 240,981,000 ... | 483 | Demographics of Indonesia | 5 |
14,648 | # Communications in Indonesia
**Communications in Indonesia** has a complex history due to the need to reach an extended archipelago of over 17,500 islands. The once important non-electronic communication methods of the past have given way to a considerable telecommunications infrastructure in contemporary Indonesia.
... | 568 | Communications in Indonesia | 0 |
14,652 | # List of islands of Indonesia
The **islands of Indonesia**, also known as the **Indonesian Archipelago** (*Kepulauan Indonesia*) or **Nusantara**, may refer either to the islands composing the country of Indonesia or to the geographical groups which include its islands. Indonesia is the world\'s largest archipelagic ... | 309 | List of islands of Indonesia | 0 |
14,652 | # List of islands of Indonesia
## List of islands {#list_of_islands}
The following islands are listed by province:
### Java
#### Banten
- Panaitan
- Sangiang
- Tinjil
- Umang
#### Central Java {#central_java}
- Karimunjawa
- Nusa Kambangan
#### Special Capital Region of Jakarta {#special_capital_reg... | 876 | List of islands of Indonesia | 1 |
14,679 | # Telecommunications in the Republic of Ireland
**Telecommunications in Ireland** operate in a regulated competitive market that provides customers with a wide array of advanced digital services. This article explores Ireland\'s telecommunications infrastructure including: fixed and mobile networks, The voice, data an... | 266 | Telecommunications in the Republic of Ireland | 0 |
14,679 | # Telecommunications in the Republic of Ireland
## Infrastructure
Ireland\'s telecommunications network is a modern digital system connected by an extensive national fibre optic network with multiple high-capacity fibre optic links to the UK, Continental Europe, North America and with dedicated capacity on routes to ... | 549 | Telecommunications in the Republic of Ireland | 1 |
14,679 | # Telecommunications in the Republic of Ireland
## Telephone system {#telephone_system}
- Fixed telephone lines in use 1,168,591 (Q3 2020, ComReg)
- Mobile cellular telephones: 5,182,682 (Q3 2020, ComReg)
- Country code: 353
As mobile phone services become more price competitive, more Irish customers are optin... | 400 | Telecommunications in the Republic of Ireland | 2 |
14,679 | # Telecommunications in the Republic of Ireland
## Internet
- Internet users: 3.6 million, 77% of the population, 70th in the world (2011); 3.0 million, 67th in the world (2009)
- Dial-up subscriptions: 11,437 (Q4 2012 ComStat)
- Fixed broadband subscriptions: 1,506,832 (Q3 2020, ComReg)
- Mobile broadband su... | 463 | Telecommunications in the Republic of Ireland | 3 |
14,679 | # Telecommunications in the Republic of Ireland
## Radio and television {#radio_and_television}
thumb \|100px \|RTÉ logo *Main article: Radio in Ireland, Television in Ireland, Cable Television in Ireland, Irish pirate radio*
### Infrastructure {#infrastructure_1}
Television in Ireland is broadcast using DVB-T usin... | 497 | Telecommunications in the Republic of Ireland | 4 |
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