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# Geography of Israel The **geography of Israel** is very diverse, with desert conditions in the south, and snow-capped mountains in the north. Israel is located at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea in West Asia. It is bounded to the north by Lebanon, the northeast by Syria, the east by Jordan and the West Bank...
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# Geography of Israel ## Location and boundaries {#location_and_boundaries} Israel lies to the north of the equator around 31°30\' north latitude and 34°45\' east longitude. It measures 424 km from north to south`{{dubious|Poor source. At least 445 km from Metula to Eilat, so 1949 borders.|date=March 2018}}`{=me...
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# Geography of Israel ## Physiographic regions {#physiographic_regions} Israel is divided into four physiographic regions: the Mediterranean coastal plain, the Central Hills, the Jordan Rift Valley and the Negev Desert. ### Coastal plain {#coastal_plain} The Israeli Coastal Plain stretches from the Lebanese border ...
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# Geography of Israel ## Geology Israel is divided east--west by a mountain range running north to south along the coast. Jerusalem sits on the top of this ridge, east of which lies the Dead Sea graben which is a pull-apart basin on the Dead Sea Transform fault. The numerous limestone and sandstone layers of the Isr...
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# Geography of Israel ## Rivers and lakes {#rivers_and_lakes} Israel\'s longest and most famous river is the 320 km long River Jordan, which rises on the southern slopes of Mount Hermon in the Anti-Lebanon Mountains. The river flows south through the freshwater Sea of Galilee, and from there forms the boundary with t...
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# Geography of Israel ## Climate The northern half of Israel has a Mediterranean climate with long, hot, rainless summers and relatively short, mild to cool, rainy winters (Köppen climate classification *Csa*). The southern half has hot semi-arid (*BSh*) and hot desert (*BWh*) climates. The climate is as such due to ...
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# Geography of Israel ## Climate ### Climate charts of different locations in Israel {#climate_charts_of_different_locations_in_israel} ## Environmental concerns {#environmental_concerns} Israel has a large number of environmental concerns ranging from natural hazards to man-made issues both resulting from ancient t...
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# Geography of Israel ## Islands Israel has the Rosh Hanikra Islands and the Achziv Islands within its territorial waters. The Israeli government plans to build artificial islands off the coast to house an airport, a seaport, a desalination plant, a power plant, and a military testing base, as an answer to Israel\'s ...
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# Israeli Declaration of Independence The **Israeli Declaration of Independence**, formally the **Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel** (*הכרזה על הקמת מדינת ישראל*), was proclaimed on 14 May 1948 (5 Iyar 5708), at the end of the civil war phase and beginning of the international phase of the 1948 ...
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# Israeli Declaration of Independence ## Background ### Final wording {#final_wording} The draft text was submitted for approval to a meeting of Moetzet HaAm at the JNF building in Tel Aviv on 14 May. The meeting started at 13:50 and ended at 15:00, an hour before the declaration was due to be made. Despite ongoing d...
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# Israeli Declaration of Independence ## Declaration ceremony {#declaration_ceremony} The ceremony was held in the Tel Aviv Museum (today known as Independence Hall) but was not widely publicised as it was feared that the British Authorities might attempt to prevent it or that the Arab armies might invade earlier tha...
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# Israeli Declaration of Independence ## Declaration ceremony {#declaration_ceremony} ### Signatories As leader of the Yishuv, David Ben-Gurion was the first person to sign. The declaration was due to be signed by all 37 members of Moetzet HaAm. However, twelve members could not attend, with eleven of them trapped in...
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# Israeli Declaration of Independence ## Aftermath The declaration was signed in the context of civil war between the Arab and Jewish populations of the Mandate that had started the day after the partition vote at the UN six months earlier. Neighbouring Arab states and the Arab League were opposed to the vote and had...
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# Israeli Declaration of Independence ## The scroll {#the_scroll} Although Ben-Gurion had told the audience that he was reading from the scroll of independence, he was actually reading from handwritten notes because only the bottom part of the scroll had been finished by artist and calligrapher Otte Wallish by the ti...
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# Geography of Italy The **geography of Italy** includes the description of all the physical geographical elements of Italy. Italy, whose territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical region, is located in southern Europe and comprises the long, boot-shaped Italian Peninsula crossed by the Apennines, th...
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# Geography of Italy ## General features {#general_features} ### Maritime claims {#maritime_claims} - Territorial sea: 12 nmi - Continental shelf: 200 m or to the depth of exploitation - Exclusive Economic Zone: 541,915 km2 ### Geographical centre {#geographical_centre} Although the Istituto Geografico Milita...
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# Geography of Italy ## Divisions The Italian geographical region, in its traditional and most widely accepted extent, has an area of approximately 324,000 km2, which is greater than the area of the entire Italian Republic (301,230 km2). The Italian geographical region also includes territories that are sovereign par...
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# Geography of Italy ## Orography ### Mountains Almost 40% of the Italian territory is mountainous, with the Alps as the northern boundary and the Apennine Mountains forming the backbone of the peninsula and extending for 1350 km. The Alpine mountain range is linked with the Apennines with the Colle di Cadibona pass...
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# Geography of Italy ## Hydrography Italy is surrounded, except to the north, by the sea, and its territory has a rich reserve of inland waters (rivers and lakes). The southern regions, however, are drier than the northern ones, due to the scarcity of rains and the absence of glaciers that can feed the rivers. ### R...
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# Geography of Italy ## Hydrography ### Seas and coasts {#seas_and_coasts} The Italian peninsula overlooks the Mediterranean Sea, which around it is divided into various seas. The Ligurian Sea bathes the coasts of Liguria and, according to the cartography of the Hydrographic Institute of the Navy, the northern Tusca...
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# Geography of Italy ## Geology The underground thrusts that millions of years ago gave rise to the reliefs of Italy still continue: the earthquakes and the eruptive activity of volcanoes testify to this. ### Earthquakes Squeezed between two plates, the African Plate and the Eurasian Plate, Italy is very subject to...
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# Geography of Italy ## Gallery <File:Southern> Italian Peninsula at Night.JPG\|Astronaut photograph highlighting the night-time appearance of southern Italy. <File:ItalySouth1849.jpg>\|Southern Italy and Sicily on the 1849 map. <File:EtnaAvió.JPG%7CEtna>, the highest active volcano in Europe. <File:Torre> della pelo...
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# Telecommunications in Italy The most important **telecommunications in Italy** are telephone, radio, television and the Internet. ## Telephone companies {#telephone_companies} - Acantho - Aexis - Alcotek - Alltre - Incu - Lars - AT3 - Hybrid (only in Bergamo) - Blu - Brennercom (coverage only i...
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# Telecommunications in Italy ## Television channels {#television_channels} See also: `{{section link|RAI|TV channels}}`{=mediawiki} ### RAI -- national {#rai_national} Logo Name Channel Type Launched Description ------ ------------- ---------------------- ---------...
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# Transport in Italy Italy has a well developed transport infrastructure. The Italian rail network is extensive (16723 km), especially in the north, and it includes a high-speed rail network that joins the major cities of Italy from Naples through northern cities such as Milan and Turin. The Florence--Rome high-speed ...
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# Transport in Italy ## Railways The Italian rail network is extensive, especially in the north, and it includes a high-speed rail network that joins the major cities of Italy from Naples through northern cities such as Milan and Turin. Italy has 2,507 people and 12.46 km^2^ per kilometer of rail track, giving Italy ...
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# Transport in Italy ## Railways ### High speed trains {#high_speed_trains} The Italian high-speed service began in 1938 with an electric-multiple-unit ETR 200, designed for 200 km/h, between Bologna and Naples. It too reached 160 km/h in commercial service, and achieved a world mean speed record of 203 km/h between ...
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# Transport in Italy ## Railways ### Rail links with adjacent countries {#rail_links_with_adjacent_countries} Italy has 11 rail border crossings over the Alpine mountains with her neighbouring countries: six are designated as mainline tracks and two are metre-gauge tracks. The six mainline border crossings are: two w...
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# Transport in Italy ## Rapid transit {#rapid_transit} ### Metro The Rome Metro is a rapid transit system that operates in Rome, Italy. It started operation in 1955, making it the oldest in the country. The Metro comprises three lines -- A (orange), B (blue) and C (green) -- which operate on 60 km of route, serving ...
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# Transport in Italy ## Roads Roads in Italy are an important mode of transport in Italy. The classification of the roads of Italy is regulated by the Italian traffic code, both from a technical and administrative point of view. The street nomenclature largely reflects the administrative classification. Italy\'s pave...
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# Transport in Italy ## Roads ### Administrative classification {#administrative_classification} #### State roads {#state_roads} The Strade Statali (`{{IPA|it|ˈstraːde staˈtaːli|lang}}`{=mediawiki}; `{{singular}}`{=mediawiki} *Strada Statale* `{{IPA|it|ˈstraːda staˈtaːle|}}`{=mediawiki}), abbreviated \"SS\", is the ...
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# Transport in Italy ## Roads ### Other classifications {#other_classifications} These classifications are not provided for by the Italian traffic code. #### Major communication road {#major_communication_road} In Italy, some roads of national importance are called *strada di grande comunicazione* (abbreviated to S...
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# Transport in Italy ## Ports and harbours {#ports_and_harbours} Italy has been the final destination of the Silk Road for many centuries. In particular, the construction of the Suez Canal intensified sea trade with East Africa and Asia from the 19th century. Since the end of the Cold War and increasing European inte...
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# Transport in Italy ## Air transport {#air_transport} ### Airlines Since October 2021, Italy\'s flag carrier airline is ITA Airways, which took over the brand, the IATA ticketing code, and many assets belonging to the former flag carrier Alitalia, after its bankruptcy. ITA Airways serves 44 destinations (`{{as of|O...
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# Transport in Italy ## Buses, trams and coaches {#buses_trams_and_coaches} ### Local buses {#local_buses} Local buses are usually divided into urban (*urbano*) and suburban (*interurbano* or *extraurbano*) lines. ### Trolleybuses Many Italian cities have trolleybus networks, which were particularly promulgated by...
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# Undernet The **Undernet** is the third largest publicly monitored Internet Relay Chat (IRC) network, c.`{{what|date=February 2024}}`{=mediawiki} 2022, with about 36 client servers serving 47,444 users in \~6000 channels at any given time. IRC clients can connect to Undernet via the global round robin **irc.undernet...
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# BitchX **BitchX** `{{IPAc-en|'|b|I|tʃ|ɛ|k|s|}}`{=mediawiki} is a free IRC client that has been regarded as the most popular ircII-based IRC client. The initial implementation, written by \"Trench\" and \"HappyCrappy\", was a script for the IrcII chat client. It was converted to a program in its own right by panasync...
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# HexChat **HexChat** is a discontinued Internet Relay Chat client and is a fork of *XChat*. It has a choice of a tabbed document interface or tree interface, support for multiple servers, and numerous configuration options. Both command-line and graphical versions are available. The client runs on Microsoft Windows ...
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# IRC takeover An **IRC channel takeover** is an acquisition of IRC channel operator status by someone other than the channel\'s owner. It has largely been eliminated due to the increased use of services on IRC networks. ## Riding the split {#riding_the_split} The most common variety of channel takeover uses disconn...
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# Irssi **Irssi** (`{{IPA|fi|ˈirsːi}}`{=mediawiki} `{{small|([https://irssi.org/assets/irssi.wav listen])}}`{=mediawiki}) is an Internet Relay Chat (IRC) client program for Linux, FreeBSD, macOS and Microsoft Windows. It was originally written by Timo Sirainen, and released under the terms of the GNU GPL-2.0-or-later ...
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# IEEE 802.15 **IEEE 802.15** is a working group of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) IEEE 802 standards committee which specifies Wireless Specialty Networks (WSN) standards. The working group was formerly known as Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks. The number of Task Group...
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# IEEE 802.15 ## IEEE 802.15.4: Low Rate WPAN {#ieee_802.15.4_low_rate_wpan} thumb\|right\|upright=1.2\|Protocol stack for 802.15.4 *Main article: IEEE 802.15.4* IEEE 802.15.4-2003 (Low Rate WPAN) deals with low data rate but very long battery life (months or even years) and very low complexity. The standard defines ...
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# IEEE 802.15 ## IEEE 802.15.5: Mesh Networking {#ieee_802.15.5_mesh_networking} IEEE 802.15.5 provides the architectural framework enabling WPAN devices to promote interoperable, stable, and scalable wireless mesh networking. This standard is composed of two parts: low-rate WPAN mesh and high-rate WPAN mesh networks...
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# IEEE 802.15 ## IEEE 802.15.13: Multi-Gigabit/s Optical Wireless Communications {#ieee_802.15.13_multi_gigabits_optical_wireless_communications} The first meeting of Task Group 13 was held during March 2017, aiming at a new standard on light fidelity (LiFi), i.e. mobile communications by using the light. The aim is ...
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# ITU-T The **International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector** (**ITU-T**) is one of the three Sectors (branches) of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). It is responsible for coordinating standards for telecommunications and Information Communication Technology, such as X.5...
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# ITU-T ## \"Real time\" standardization {#real_time_standardization} The rise of the personal computer industry in the early 1980s created a new common practice among both consumers and businesses of adopting \"bleeding edge\" communications technology even if it was not yet standardized. Thus, standards organizatio...
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# ITU-T ## \"Real time\" standardization {#real_time_standardization} ### Alternative Approval Process {#alternative_approval_process} The Alternative Approval Process (AAP) is a fast-track approval procedure that was developed to allow standards to be brought to market in the timeframe that industry now demands. The...
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# ITU-T ## Series and Recommendations {#series_and_recommendations} ITU-T Recommendations are the names given to telecommunications and computer protocol specification documents published by ITU-T. ### Recommendation categorization {#recommendation_categorization} ITU-T assigns each Recommendation a name based on t...
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# ITU-T ## International Telecommunication Regulations (ITRs) {#international_telecommunication_regulations_itrs} In addition to the ITU-T Recommendations, which have non-mandatory status unless they are adopted in national laws, ITU-T is also the custodian of a binding international treaty, the International Telecom...
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# Economy of the Isle of Man thumb\|upright=1.2\|Location of the Isle of Man within the British Isles The **economy of the Isle of Man** is a low-tax economy with insurance, online gambling operators and developers, information and communications technology (ICT), and offshore banking forming key sectors of the island...
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# Economy of the Isle of Man ## Taxation and trade {#taxation_and_trade} ### Tax rates {#tax_rates} The Isle of Man is a low-tax economy with no capital gains tax, wealth tax, stamp duty, or inheritance tax; and a top rate of income tax of 22%. A tax cap is in force: the maximum amount of tax payable by an individua...
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# Economy of the Isle of Man ## Sectors The Isle of Man\'s Department for Enterprise manages the diversified economy in twelve key sectors. The largest individual sectors by GNI are insurance and eGaming with 17% of GNI each, followed by ICT and banking with 9% each. The 2016 census lists 41,636 total employed. The l...
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# Economy of the Isle of Man ## Infrastructure ### Gas Gas for lighting and heating has been supplied to users on the Isle of Man since 1836, firstly as town gas, then as liquid petroleum gas (LPG); since 2003 natural gas has been available. The future use of hydrogen as a supplementary or substitute fuel is being st...
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# Economy of the Isle of Man ## Statistics **Labour force---by occupation:** agriculture, forestry and fishing 3%, manufacturing 11%, construction 10%, transport and communication 8%, wholesale and retail distribution 11%, professional and scientific services 18%, public administration 6%, banking and finance 18%, to...
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# Communications in the Isle of Man The Isle of Man has an extensive communications infrastructure consisting of telephone cables, submarine cables, and an array of television and mobile phone transmitters and towers. ## Telecommunications ### Telegraph The history of Manx telecommunications starts in 1859, when th...
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# Communications in the Isle of Man ## Telecommunications ### Telephones The main telephone provider in the Isle of Man today is Manx Telecom. In 1889 George Gillmore, formerly an electrician for the GPO\'s Manx telegraph operations, was granted a licence by the Postmaster General to operate the Isle of Man\'s first...
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# Communications in the Isle of Man ## Telecommunications ### Internet In 1996 the Isle of Man government obtained permission to use the .im national top level domain (TLD) and has ultimate responsibility for its use. The domain is managed on a daily basis by Domicilium (IOM) Limited, an island based Internet service...
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# Communications in the Isle of Man ## Broadcasting ### Radio The public-service commercial radio station for the island is Manx Radio. Manx Radio is part funded by government grant, and partly by advertising. There are two other Manx-based FM radio stations, Energy FM and 3 FM. BBC national radio stations are also...
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# Communications in the Isle of Man ## Post Isle of Man Post issues its own stamps for use within the Island and for sending post off-Island. Only Manx stamps are valid for sending mail using the postal system. The Isle of Man adopted postcodes in 1993 using the prefix IM to fit in with the already established UK pos...
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# Information explosion The **information explosion** is the rapid increase in the amount of published information or data and the effects of this abundance. As the amount of available data grows, the problem of managing the information becomes more difficult, which can lead to information overload. The Online Oxford ...
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# Information explosion ## Challenges Even though the abundance of information can be beneficial in several levels, some problems may be of concern such as privacy, legal and ethical guidelines, filtering and data accuracy. Filtering refers to finding useful information in the middle of so much data, which relates to...
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# Infocom **Infocom, Inc.**, was an American software company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, that produced numerous works of interactive fiction. They also produced a business application, a relational database called *Cornerstone*. Infocom was founded on June 22, 1979, by staff and students of Massachusetts Inst...
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# Infocom ## History ### Foundation and Zork {#foundation_and_zork} Infocom began as a collaboration between Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) faculty and alumni, some of whom had previously worked a text-based adventure game called *Zork*. Development of *Zork* began in 1977 at the MIT Laboratory for Comp...
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# Infocom ## History ### Reception Infocom games were popular, *InfoWorld* said, in part because \"in offices all over America (more than anyone realizes) executives and managers are playing games on their computers\".`{{r|mace19840402}}`{=mediawiki} An estimated 25% had a computer game \"hidden somewhere in their dr...
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# Infocom ## History ### Changing marketplace {#changing_marketplace} Infocom\'s games\' sales benefited significantly from the portability offered by running on top of a virtual machine. *InfoWorld* wrote in 1984 that \"the company always sells games for computers you don\'t normally think of as game machines, such ...
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# Infocom ## History ### Activision takeover {#activision_takeover} After *Cornerstone*\'s failure, Infocom laid off half of its 100 employees, and Activision acquired the company on June 13, 1986, for \$7.5 million. The merger was pushed by Activision\'s CEO Jim Levy, who was a fan of Infocom games and felt their tw...
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# Infocom ## History ### Later years {#later_years} By 1988, rumors spread of disputes between Activision and Infocom. Infocom employees reportedly believed that Activision gave poorer-quality games to Infocom, such as Tom Snyder Productions\' unsuccessful *Infocomics*. Activision moved Infocom development to Califor...
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# Infocom ## Titles and authors {#titles_and_authors} ### Interactive fiction {#interactive_fiction_1} - The *Zork* series: - The original Zork Trilogy (Marc Blank & Dave Lebling): - *Zork I: The Great Underground Empire* (1980) - *Zork II: The Wizard of Frobozz* (1981) - *Zork ...
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# Infocom ## Legacy With the exception of *The Hitchhiker\'s Guide to the Galaxy* and *Shogun*, the copyrights to the Infocom games are believed to be still held by Activision. *Dungeon*, the mainframe precursor to the commercial Zork trilogy, is believed to be free for non-commercial use. but prohibited for commerci...
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# IEEE 802.3 **IEEE 802.3** is a working group and a collection of standards defining the physical layer and data link layer\'s media access control (MAC) of wired Ethernet. The standards are produced by the working group of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). This set of standards generally ...
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# Integer (computer science) In computer science, an **integer** is a datum of **integral data type**, a data type that represents some range of mathematical integers. Integral data types may be of different sizes and may or may not be allowed to contain negative values. Integers are commonly represented in a computer...
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# Integer (computer science) ## Common integral data types {#common_integral_data_types} +-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------...
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# Integer (computer science) ## Common integral data types {#common_integral_data_types} ### Words The term \'word\' is used for a small group of bits that are handled simultaneously by processors of a particular architecture. The size of a word is thus CPU-specific. Many different word sizes have been used, includin...
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# Integer (computer science) ## Syntax Integer literals can be written as regular Arabic numerals, consisting of a sequence of digits and with negation indicated by a minus sign before the value. However, most programming languages disallow use of commas or spaces for digit grouping. Examples of integer literals are:...
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# Indiana Jones (character) **Dr. Henry Walton** \"**Indiana**\" **Jones, Jr.**, often called **\"Indy\"** for short, is the title character and protagonist of the *Indiana Jones* franchise. George Lucas created the character in homage to the action heroes of 1930s film serials. The character first appeared in the 198...
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# Indiana Jones (character) ## Appearances ### Films and television installments in the chronological order {#films_and_television_installments_in_the_chronological_order} - *Raiders of the Lost Ark* (1981) - *Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom* (1984) - *Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade* (1989) - *The Y...
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# Indiana Jones (character) ## Appearances ### Films and television installments in the chronological order {#films_and_television_installments_in_the_chronological_order} #### *The Dial of Destiny* (2023) {#the_dial_of_destiny_2023} The 2023 film, *Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny*, is the fifth and final film ...
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# Indiana Jones (character) ## Appearances ### Literature #### Comic books {#comic_books} Indiana Jones has appeared in numerous comic books, from two different publishers. Marvel Comics initially held the comic book licensing rights, leading to adaptations of the films *Raiders of the Lost Ark*, *Indiana Jones and ...
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# Indiana Jones (character) ## Appearances ### Video games {#video_games} The character has appeared in several officially licensed games, beginning with adaptations of *Raiders of the Lost Ark*, *Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom*, two adaptations of *Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade* (one with purely action me...
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# Indiana Jones (character) ## Character description and formation {#character_description_and_formation} \"Indiana\" Jones\'s full name is Dr. Henry Walton Jones, Jr., and his nickname is often shortened to \"Indy\". In his role as a college professor of archaeology Jones is scholarly, wears a tweed suit, and lectu...
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# Indiana Jones (character) ## Origins and inspirations {#origins_and_inspirations} Indiana Jones is modeled after the strong-jawed heroes of the matinée serials and pulp magazines that George Lucas and Steven Spielberg enjoyed in their childhoods (such as the Republic Pictures serials, and the Doc Savage series). Si...
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# Indiana Jones (character) ## Origins and inspirations {#origins_and_inspirations} ### Historical models {#historical_models} Many people are said to be the real-life inspiration of the Indiana Jones character---although none of the following have been confirmed as inspirations by Lucas or Spielberg. There are some ...
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# Indiana Jones (character) ## Costume Upon requests by Spielberg and Lucas, costume designer Deborah Nadoolman gave the character a distinctive silhouette through the styling of the hat; after examining many hats, Nadoolman chose a tall-crowned, wide-brimmed fedora. As a documentary of *Raiders* pointed out, the hat...
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# Indiana Jones (character) ## Casting Originally, Spielberg suggested Harrison Ford; Lucas resisted the idea, since he had already cast the actor in *American Graffiti*, *Star Wars* and *The Empire Strikes Back*, and did not want Ford to become known as his \"Bobby De Niro\" (in reference to the fact that fellow dir...
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# Irreducible fraction An **irreducible fraction** (or **fraction in lowest terms**, **simplest form** or **reduced fraction**) is a fraction in which the numerator and denominator are integers that have no other common divisors than 1 (and −1, when negative numbers are considered). In other words, a fraction `{{sfrac...
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# International Telecommunication Union The **International Telecommunication Union** (**ITU**)In the other common languages of the ITU: - - is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for many matters related to information and communication technologies. It was established on 17 May 1865 as the ...
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# International Telecommunication Union ## History ### World Conference on International Telecommunications 2012 {#world_conference_on_international_telecommunications_2012} In December 2012, the ITU facilitated The World Conference on International Telecommunications 2012 (WCIT-12) in Dubai. WCIT-12 was a treaty-lev...
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# International Telecommunication Union ## ITU sectors {#itu_sectors} The ITU comprises three sectors, each managing a different aspect of the matters covered by the ITU, as well as ITU Telecom. The sectors were created during the restructuring of ITU at the additional 1992 ITU Plenipotentiary Conference. Radio comm...
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# International Telecommunication Union ## Legal framework {#legal_framework} The basic texts of the ITU are adopted by the ITU Plenipotentiary Conference. The founding document of the ITU was the 1865 International Telegraph Convention, which has since been replaced several times (though the text is generally the sa...
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# International Telecommunication Union ## Membership ### Member states {#member_states} Membership of ITU is open to all member states of the United Nations. There are currently 194 member states of the ITU, including all UN member states. The most recent member state to join the ITU is Republic of Palau, which bec...
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# International Telecommunication Union ## World Summit on the Information Society {#world_summit_on_the_information_society} The World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) was convened by the ITU along with UNESCO, UNCTAD, and UNDP, with the aim of bridging the digital divide. It was held in form of two conferen...
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# Illuminati: New World Order ***Illuminati: New World Order*** (*INWO*) is an out-of-print collectible card game (CCG) that was released in 1994 by Steve Jackson Games, based on their original boxed game Illuminati, which in turn was inspired by the 1975 book *The Illuminatus! Trilogy* by Robert Anton Wilson and Robe...
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# Illuminati: New World Order ## Card types {#card_types} Cards come in three main types: Illuminati cards, Plot cards, and Group cards. Illuminati and Plot cards both feature an illustration of a puppeteer\'s hand in a blue color scheme on the rear side, whereas Group cards feature a puppet on a string in a red colo...
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# Illuminati: New World Order ## Reception In the February 1995 edition of *Shadis* (issue #17.5), Matthew Lee and Jim Pinto liked the durable cards printed on thicker card stock than the original game (although the cards were easier to crease during shuffling). They also liked that one starter pack was enough for tw...
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# Interior Gateway Routing Protocol **Interior Gateway Routing Protocol** (**IGRP**) is a distance vector interior gateway protocol (IGP) developed by Cisco. It is used by routers to exchange routing data within an autonomous system. IGRP is a proprietary protocol. IGRP was created in part to overcome the limitations...
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# Ian Murdock **Ian Ashley Murdock** (April 28, 1973 -- December 28, 2015) was an American software engineer, known for being the founder of the Debian project and Progeny Linux Systems, a commercial Linux company. ## Life and career {#life_and_career} Although Murdock\'s parents were both from Southern Indiana, he ...
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# Incunable *Pandoc failed*: ``` Error at (line 120, column 51): unexpected '"' |- style="text-align:right; vertical-align:top;" " ^ ``
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# Isotropy In physics and geometry, **isotropy** (`{{etymology|grc|''{{wikt-lang|grc|ἴσος}}'' ({{grc-transl|ἴσος}})|equal||''{{wikt-lang|grc|τρόπος}}'' ({{grc-transl|τρόπος}})|turn, way}}`{=mediawiki}) is uniformity in all orientations. Precise definitions depend on the subject area. Exceptions, or inequalities, are f...
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# Isotropy ## Physics Quantum mechanics or particle physics: When a spinless particle (or even an unpolarized particle with spin) decays, the resulting decay distribution *must* be isotropic in the rest frame of the decaying particle - regardless of the detailed physics of the decay. This follows from rotational inva...
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# Isotropy ## Other sciences {#other_sciences} Economics and geography: An isotropic region is a region that has the same properties everywhere. Such a region is a construction needed in many types of models
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