text string | pmid string | accession_id string | license string | last_updated string | retracted string | citation string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Introduction
At least 50% of households in the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia are connected to the Internet [1-3]. In addition, many people have access to the Internet outside the home (eg, at work and in public libraries). A recent survey found that 79% of American Internet users have searched for hea... | 16403723 | PMC1550680 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:20 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2005 Dec 30; 7(5):e59 |
Introduction
Being sedentary and eating a poor diet increases the risk of developing diabetes [1-3], heart disease [4-8], hypertension [9], depression [10-12], and many other chronic diseases [13]. We now know that with intensive monitoring, counseling, and encouragement, individuals can change their diet and exercise ... | 16403720 | PMC1550681 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:20 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2005 Nov 17; 7(5):e56 |
Introduction
Parents of children with type 1 diabetes are often involved in aspects of their children’s lives that they would ordinarily ignore [1]. Increased blood glucose monitoring is associated with improved glycemic control [2], which is essential in the prevention of serious, even life-threatening, complications ... | 16403721 | PMC1550683 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:20 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2005 Nov 21; 7(5):e57 |
Introduction
In 2002, the National Health Service (NHS) in England and Wales planned to invest over £2 billion in information and communication technology (ICT) [1]. This includes initiatives such as electronic patient records, electronic prescribing, the NHS Direct Telephone and Internet Service, and the National Elec... | 16403718 | PMC1550684 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:20 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2005 Nov 10; 7(5):e54 |
Introduction
The use of computers and the Internet can aid communities by supporting communication and access to information, thereby building social capital and community capacity [1,2]. Using computers can assist the community planning process [3], community participation, and information sharing [4-6]. Computer-medi... | 16403715 | PMC1550685 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:20 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2005 Oct 4; 7(5):e51 |
Going, Going, Gone: Lost Internet References as a Growing Problem
Authors of scholarly publications increasingly cite (non-journal) Web pages and other Web-accessible documents in their articles. These cited materials may include for example descriptions of organizations on websites, “grey” research reports which have ... | 16403724 | PMC1550686 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:20 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2005 Dec 30; 7(5):e60 |
Introduction
Obesity is often cited as the most prevalent chronic health condition and highest priority public health problem in the United States, and it has also gained recognition as a global public health concern. The increasing prevalence of obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disea... | 16403722 | PMC1550687 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:20 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2005 Dec 20; 7(5):e58 |
Introduction
There has been widespread concern about the quality of Web-based health information designed for consumers [1]. In response to this, a number of initiatives have been developed to assist consumers in locating quality health information on the Web. These include the use of quality labels based on compliance... | 16403719 | PMC1550688 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:20 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2005 Nov 15; 7(5):e55 |
Introduction
Clinicians need to keep up-to-date with the biomedical literature in order to practice according to the best available evidence. However, this has become increasingly difficult as the amount of medical literature a clinician needs to consider grows exponentially [1,2]. As a result, the effort required to f... | 16403716 | PMC1550689 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:20 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2005 Oct 24; 7(5):e52 |
International Origins
Over the past decade, a rapidly expanding body of scientific evidence has been put forth documenting differences in health status among US racial and ethnic groups. Evidence has also mounted suggesting that these differences may be related to both medical and nonmedical determinants. International... | 16403714 | PMC1550690 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:20 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2005 Oct 4; 7(5):e50 |
Introduction
National health care systems are motivated by highly diverse ideologies giving rise to consumer-driven as well as social medicine models delivering widely varying quality of health care. Health care is defined here as the preservation of mental and physical health by prevention or treatment of illness thro... | 16585025 | PMC1550691 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:21 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2006 Jan 27; 8(1):e1 |
Introduction
The Institute of Medicine’s vision for a high quality healthcare system includes the concept of patient-centeredness, which emphasizes the need to be responsive to patient preferences and needs [1]. Towards this goal, the use of email between physicians and patients is recognized as enhancing communication... | 16585026 | PMC1550692 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:20 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2006 Mar 24; 8(1):e2 |
Introduction
Does Email Have a Role in Worksite Health Promotion?
Employee health promotion programs have been associated with reductions in health risks. Pelletier [1] and Aldana [2] reviewed 11 and 72 studies, respectively, and found consistent evidence that worksite health promotion programs were associated with red... | 16585028 | PMC1550693 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:21 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2006 Mar 30; 8(1):e3 |
Introduction
The importance of chronic disease prevention and management becomes clear when the combined effects of the projected aging of the US population, the limited capacity of the existing health care system to support the increasing demands of an older population, and the continued rise in health care spending a... | 16585029 | PMC1550694 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:21 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2006 Mar 31; 8(1):e4 |
I found the title and description of the recent review by Griffiths et al. [1] misleading. The authors describe their paper as "a systematic review". However, the article fails to cite several published (and indexed) trials of internet-delivered therapy (e.g. [2]). The search strategy and inclusion criteria were neith... | 16867966 | PMC1550695 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:42:37 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2006 Jun 30; 8(2):e11 |
Introduction
Background and Purpose of the Study
As society moves toward evidence-based medicine [1], health providers, health educators, and health care consumers must acquire not only basic health information literacy skills but also more advanced competencies [2]. These competencies include evaluation of the quality... | 16867969 | PMC1550696 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:21 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2006 Apr 21; 8(2):e6 |
Author's Response
We thank Evan Mayo-Wilson for raising the issue on how systematic and exhaustive our search for our recent qualitative analysis [1] was. This was not a systematic review as in a common usage of the term for example by the Cochrane Collaboration. We used systematic methods to undertake a qualitative re... | 0 | PMC1550697 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:42:37 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2006 Jun 30; 8(2):e12 |
Introduction
The Internet is still a relatively new medium for seeking and delivering health care, although this use is increasing rapidly [1,2] and includes health information seeking [3], Internet-based peer support groups [4], online health consultations [5], and delivery of health interventions [6]. Some pioneer re... | 16867965 | PMC1550698 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:42:37 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2006 Jun 23; 8(2):e10 |
Citation Advantage of Open Access Articles
PLoS Biology today publishes a study authored by JMIR founding editor and publisher Gunther Eysenbach on the impact of publishing papers as open access articles, concluding that open access articles have a clear citation advantage over non–open access articles... | 16867971 | PMC1550699 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:21 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2006 May 15; 8(2):e8 |
Introduction
Hazardous alcohol consumption has been identified as one of the five leading contributors to the global burden of disease, and it results in enormous economic costs [1-7]. Yet very few people with alcohol problems ever seek treatment; the estimated ratio of treated to untreated problem drinkers ranges from... | 16867968 | PMC1550700 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:21 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2006 Apr 12; 8(2):e5 |
Introduction
Access Barriers to eHealth
What if we created tools to promote health and deliver health care that were inaccessible to over half of the population they were intended for? Consumer-directed eHealth resources, from online interventions to informational websites, require the ability to read text, use informa... | 16867972 | PMC1550701 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:21 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2006 Jun 16; 8(2):e9 |
Introduction
A handheld computing device, also commonly known as a personal digital assistant (PDA), is a mobile computer about the size of the palm of the hand. More modern devices can access external networks or the Internet through a wireless connection. Since 1993, when Apple launched the first PDA (Newton MessageP... | 16867970 | PMC1550702 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:21 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2006 May 12; 8(2):e7 |
Introduction
One aspect of eHealth is patients' use of new technologies to become better informed about their health and health care options [1].
In response to consumers' desire for information that enables them to play an active role in their health care, there has been a proliferation of health-related websites on ... | 16954123 | PMC1550703 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:21 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2006 Jul 28; 8(3):e13 |
Background
The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education's (ACGME) new requirements limiting work hours, requiring demonstration of competence in six core areas, and emphasizing the importance of a humane, collegial environment, raise multiple challenges for academic medical centers; i.e., for example new re... | 16827939 | PMC1550711 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:33 | no | BMC Med Educ. 2006 Jul 7; 6:36 |
Background
Oceanic basement consists of basalts and ultramafic rocks that have relatively low silica contents (45–52% and <45%, respectively) but a high content of ferromagnesian minerals like olivine and pyroxene. Alteration of these minerals in contact with water during free hydrothermal circulation leads to 'serpent... | 16867193 | PMC1550712 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:12 | no | Geochem Trans. 2006 Jul 25; 7:7 |
Background
The rehabilitation of psychiatric patients is difficult in closed hospital settings because of institutionalism that worsens motivation and living skills [1]. And in a humane context, without mentioning the precedents in other well-developed countries, psychiatric care should be provided in environments as m... | 16875508 | PMC1550713 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 18:01:04 | no | Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2006 Jul 31; 2:18 |
Background
Clinical decisions of everyday patient care are based on scientific medical knowledge as well as personal experience of the practicing physician. However, a large gap remains between what we know and what we practice [1]. Physicians have to cope with a rapidly growing amount of new medical knowledge. Apart f... | 16857051 | PMC1550714 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:29:45 | no | BMC Fam Pract. 2006 Jul 20; 7:47 |
Background
The most important complication of Type 2 diabetes Mellitus (DM) is coronary heart disease (CHD) which presents with increased mortality and morbidity compared to the non-diabetic population. In the Framingham Heart Study, the presence of diabetes doubled the age-adjusted risk for cardiovascular disease in m... | 16842631 | PMC1550715 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:11 | no | Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2006 Jul 17; 5:15 |
Background
In the industrialized nations facing an ageing population and escalating healthcare costs, the issue of medical futility has become the object of extended critical attention especially among medical doctors, bioethicists and health policy makers.
In particular, the care of the elderly is going to be a major... | 16764732 | PMC1550716 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:32:00 | no | BMC Med Ethics. 2006 Jun 10; 7:8 |
Background
Many authors have postulated that abnormal kinematic behaviour of the lumbar spine is associated with low back pain (LBP) [1-4]. Abnormally limited or excessive sagittal dispacement are the lumbar segmental mobility disorders (LSMDs) most commonly referred to in the literature, and are respectively referred ... | 16709258 | PMC1550717 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:33 | no | BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2006 May 19; 7:45 |
Background
Occupational computer use has become very common in the last decades. In 2003, the United States entailed over 77 million persons who used a computer at work [1]. In the European Union, over 88 million persons used a computer at work in 2002 [2]. Moreover, over 50 million European workers reported to use the... | 16822300 | PMC1550718 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:33 | no | BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2006 Jul 5; 7:55 |
Background
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a disabling allergic disease frequently seen in patients with asthma and cystic fibrosis [1,2]. The prevalence of ABPA has been estimated to be around 1 to 2% in asthmatics and up to 15% among patients with cystic fibrosis [3]. Over 60 percent of the patients... | 16859543 | PMC1550719 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:23:30 | no | Clin Mol Allergy. 2006 Jul 21; 4:11 |
Background
Adenoid cystic carcinomas of the head and neck are a unique kind of tumour deriving from cells of the major and minor salivary glands, they account for 25% of all malignant salivary gland tumours in different series. Although ACCs are the most common histological type of tumours in the minor salivary glands ... | 16756669 | PMC1550720 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:56 | no | Radiat Oncol. 2006 Jun 6; 1:17 |
Background
Publication bias is defined as "the tendency to publish research results based on the strength and direction of findings"[1]. It is well documented that studies with non-significant or negative results are substantially less likely to be submitted for publication[2,3]. In addition, the proportion of publishe... | 16879753 | PMC1550721 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:32:56 | no | BMC Med Res Methodol. 2006 Aug 1; 6:37 |
Background
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is the major agent in non A non B hepatitis with serious complications ranging from chronic inflammatory disease to hepatic cirrhosis and end stage liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is estimated that 170 millions world wide are infected with HCV. Egypt has unusually ... | 16756654 | PMC1550722 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:28:40 | no | BMC Infect Dis. 2006 Jun 6; 6:91 |
Background
The ability to produce unidirectional action potentials (UAPs) in peripheral nerves by external stimulation would have numerous potential clinical applications. For instance, spasticity is an abnormally increased amount of muscle tone associated with an exaggerated stretch reflex. Spasticity can cause severe... | 16863593 | PMC1550723 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:34 | no | BMC Neurosci. 2006 Jul 24; 7:58 |
Background
Stroke is the leading cause of death among Koreans [1,2]. Control of stroke risk factors and, when stroke occurs, early initiation of treatment, represent primary steps in stroke prevention and reduction of mortality, sequelae and length of hospitalization [3,4]. However, inadequate or incorrect knowledge ab... | 16772038 | PMC1550724 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:34 | no | BMC Public Health. 2006 Jun 13; 6:153 |
Background
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common cancers in the Cantonese population in southern China [1]. Etiological factors include Epstein-Barr virus infection, tobacco smoking, and consumption of salted fish [2-4]. In addition to environmental factors, genetic factors such as chromosomal aberra... | 16796765 | PMC1550725 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:34 | no | BMC Cancer. 2006 Jun 26; 6:167 |
Background
Genes typically affect an individual's susceptibility to a disease because mutations change either the amount or the composition of the protein encoded by the gene. It has recently been suggested that copy number variation may contribute to susceptibility to common diseases [1]. Microarray comparative genomi... | 16756668 | PMC1550726 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:34 | no | BMC Genomics. 2006 Jun 6; 7:138 |
Background
Alternative polyadenylation site selection is an important source of transcript diversity in higher eukaryotes. The resulting 3' untranslated region (UTR) variants may differ by their cellular localization, stability or translational efficiency, thus contributing to tissue-specific or developmental stage-spe... | 16872498 | PMC1550727 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:34 | no | BMC Genomics. 2006 Jul 26; 7:189 |
Background
Histopathological analysis is the traditional mainstay of cancer diagnostics, and is relied on heavily to discriminate between malignant and benign tissues. However, in spite of its long and successful history as a routine medical technique, it is plagued by a number of well-known problems. For example, hist... | 16872506 | PMC1550728 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:34 | no | BMC Genomics. 2006 Jul 27; 7:190 |
Background
Asthma is one of the most common chronic conditions, and affects both adults and children. Its prevalence has been noted to have increased significantly in Western nations with overall prevalence rates ranging from 7–15% [1]. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) has defined asthma as a chron... | 16854238 | PMC1550729 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:31:47 | no | BMC Complement Altern Med. 2006 Jul 19; 6:26 |
Background
Polychaetes assigned as Scoloplos armiger are common as dominant species in ecological surveys in different marine habitats. Benthic surveys have shown that S. armiger represents one of the dominant macrofauna species in a Norwegian fjord [1], in a Portuguese estuary [2], and in the Peter the Great Bay in th... | 16776822 | PMC1550730 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:29:48 | no | BMC Evol Biol. 2006 Jun 15; 6:47 |
Background
The development of "omics" technologies has represented a revolution in biomedical research allowing the study of biological systems from a global perspective. These high-throughput techniques generate vast amounts of data which have required the development and application of sophisticated statistical and m... | 16875499 | PMC1550731 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:34 | no | BMC Bioinformatics. 2006 Jul 28; 7:366 |
Evidence-based medicine (EBM), a process of accurately assessing and integrating the weight carried by various levels of available evidence, (e.g., randomized controlled trials [RCTs], case-control studies, case series, and expert opinion) has become the cornerstone of good medical practice. The RCT is considered the “... | 16933970 | PMC1550732 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 11:13:52 | no | PLoS Med. 2006 Sep 22; 3(9):e346 |
Introduction
Tuberculosis (TB) infection and disease is intertwined with poverty [1]. The overwhelming burden of TB, over 80% of the 4.4 million cases of TB notified to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2003, lies in developing countries [2]. Almost 60% of the cases were notified from Asian or Pacific countries [2... | 16933956 | PMC1550733 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 11:13:50 | no | PLoS Med. 2006 Oct 22; 3(10):e383 |
Image processing is an important component of modern technologies because human depends so much on the visual information than other creatures. Image is better than any other information form for us to perceive. Among our information about the world, 99% is perceived with our eyes [1]. Image processing has traditionall... | 0 | PMC1550777 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:57 | no | Biomed Eng Online. 2006 Jun 9; 5:38 |
Introduction
Chest radiographs (CXRs) are frequently obtained in intensive care units (ICUs) [1]. They can be obtained routinely, on a daily basis (so-called 'daily routine CXRs'); such radiographs are generally ordered without any specific reason. Another strategy is to order CXRs only if clinically indicated (so-call... | 16420655 | PMC1550788 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:34 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Dec 30; 10(1):R11 |
Introduction
Maintenance of spontaneous breathing in mechanically ventilated patients augments ventilation perfusion matching and cardiopulmonary function, reduces sedative requirement and shortens the intensive care stay [1-6]. High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is a useful ventilatory mode for neonatal app... | 16469130 | PMC1550789 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:36 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Feb 1; 10(1):R23 |
Introduction
Most intensive care therapies are prescribed in response to the development of organ dysfunction or other unwanted events. For example, antibiotics are prescribed when a patient develops sepsis, or tidal volumes are lowered when a patient develops acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [1]. In other ar... | 16507173 | PMC1550792 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:35 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Feb 28; 10(1):R39 |
Introduction
Regionalization of care and the requirement for specialized resources result in the frequent need for interfacility transport of critically ill patients [1-3]. Although some of these patients may derive significant benefit from such a transfer, they may also be at considerable risk of transport-related mor... | 16356212 | PMC1550794 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:35 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Dec 1; 10(1):R6 |
Introduction
Impaired appetite is a common feature of illness. A recent review suggested that 10% to 40% of adult patients admitted to hospital exhibit some level of nutritional depletion [1], with much weight loss, occurring over the period of hospitalisation [2]. This is a matter of particular concern for certain cat... | 16420657 | PMC1550795 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:36 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Dec 23; 10(1):R10 |
Introduction
The β-lactam antibiotics are known to exhibit little concentration-dependent activity. The maximal killing rate occurs when antibiotic concentrations have reached four to five times the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the causative pathogens [1], and higher concentrations do not significantly en... | 16507147 | PMC1550796 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:36 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Feb 13; 10(1):R26 |
Introduction
Multiple-trauma patients are especially prone to develop complications such as infections and sepsis. Since clinical symptoms and conventional markers are not always reliable signs for the diagnosis of sepsis and infection, biomarkers such as procalcitonin (PCT) or C-reactive protein (CRP) are often used a... | 16356205 | PMC1550798 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:36 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Nov 24; 10(1):R1 |
Introduction
Polymyxins were discovered in 1947 from different species of Bacillus polymyxa [1,2]. Although the effectiveness of polymyxins against most Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, has not been questioned, early administration of polymyxins was associated with r... | 16507149 | PMC1550802 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:37 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Feb 13; 10(1):R27 |
Introduction
Pneumonia is a common problem in critical care patients. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) complicates the course of as much as 27% of patients requiring mechanical ventilation [1,2]. Because mortality in patients with pneumonia is high and clinical studies have shown that an adequate antimicrobial tre... | 16356206 | PMC1550803 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:35 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Nov 25; 10(1):R2 |
Introduction
Medical emergency team (MET) systems have been introduced into hospitals to identify, review and treat acutely unwell ward patients. Most of the literature related to METs has concentrated on their effects in reducing cardiac arrests and serious adverse events [1], primarily in single-centre studies. Howev... | 16507153 | PMC1550805 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:36 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Feb 15; 10(1):R30 |
Introduction
Evidence is increasing that tight glycaemic control reduces morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients [1-3]. The study conducted by Van Den Berghe and coworkers in thoracosurgical intensive care unit (ICU) patients [1] yielded impressive results; glycaemic control to a mean blood glucose of 5.7 mm... | 16469124 | PMC1550808 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:34 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Jan 26; 10(1):R19 |
Introduction
Nosocomial pneumonia (NP) is a frequent complication in critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation and is responsible for a significant in-hospital morbidity and mortality. Multiple hospital-associated risk factors for NP have been identified. These risk factors are thought to contribute to i... | 16507165 | PMC1550809 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:36 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Feb 20; 10(1):R35 |
Introduction
Mechanical ventilation has constituted an indispensable part of basic life support in the intensive care unit for several decades and is undoubtedly essential for patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). In recent years, however, it has become clear that mechanical ve... | 16507176 | PMC1550810 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:35 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Feb 28; 10(1):R38 |
Introduction
The saturation of haemoglobin with oxygen in the pulmonary artery is known as the mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2), which reflects the balance between the amount of oxygen delivered to the tissues and how much is used. It enables an estimate of the oxygen supply/demand balance to be made and hence enh... | 16356208 | PMC1550812 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:35 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Dec 6; 10(1):R7 |
Introduction
Aspergillus is a saprophytic filamentous fungus widespread in the environment. Although Aspergillus can affect any organ system, the respiratory tract is involved in more than 90% of affected patients. Inhalation of Aspergillus spores or conidia can give rise to various clinical conditions, depending essen... | 16507158 | PMC1550813 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:34 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Feb 17; 10(1):R31 |
Introduction
In 1999, the Institute Of Medicine reported that 44,000 to 98,000 people annually die in US hospitals as a result of medical errors [1]. Medication errors occurring either in or out of the hospital are estimated to account for at least 7,000 deaths each year [1]. Medication errors can occur in all stages o... | 16469126 | PMC1550814 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:36 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Jan 26; 10(1):R21 |
Introduction
Patients with shock in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting are at high risk for morbidity and mortality, and optimal strategies to evaluate and manage ICU patients with shock are needed. One method to evaluate patients with ICU shock includes invasive hemodynamic monitoring with pulmonary artery catheter... | 16507171 | PMC1550815 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:34 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Feb 22; 10(1):R37 |
Introduction
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common disease with widely variable clinical outcome. Twenty-five per cent of patients suffer from the severe form of the disease with local and/or systemic complications, resulting in a mortality rate ranging from 2 to 10% [1]. Increased morbidity and mortality are associated ... | 16420659 | PMC1550818 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:37 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Jan 13; 10(1):R16 |
Introduction
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly identified atypical pneumonia that can be life threatening. Attention was drawn to the disease in February 2003 when a physician and subsequently 12 other hotel guests staying in a hotel in Hong Kong became ill [1]. One of these hotel guests returned to T... | 16356209 | PMC1550819 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:35 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Nov 24; 10(1):R3 |
Introduction
The molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) has been developed and successfully used in patients with liver failure to replace excretory liver function and detoxification. MARS is based on principles of albumin dialysis, and was shown to significantly improve hepatic encephalopathy, cerebral blood ... | 16469128 | PMC1550822 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:34 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Feb 3; 10(1):R24 |
Introduction
The liver has a central regulatory role in metabolism and host defense mechanisms during the course of sepsis [1]. Nevertheless, hepatocellular dysfunction occurs in early stages of the disease. The release of cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha from activated Kupffer cells is one cause of cytot... | 16420661 | PMC1550823 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:36 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Jan 9; 10(1):R15 |
Introduction
Acute lung injury (ALI) is defined by impaired oxygenation (arterial partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) <300 mmHg) and bilateral infiltrates on a chest radiograph without clinical evidence of left atrial hypertension [1]. Pulmonary edema in ALI is caused by damage to the alv... | 16420663 | PMC1550825 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:35 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Jan 11; 10(1):R12 |
Introduction
In septic shock, when volume resuscitation fails to restore mean arterial pressure (MAP), catecholamines such as dopamine, dobutamine, epinephrine (adrenaline), or norepinephrine (noradrenaline) are used, either alone or in combination [1-3]. Their effectiveness primarily reflects their cardiac and vascula... | 16507156 | PMC1550826 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:35 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Feb 16; 10(1):R32 |
Introduction
Mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients remains high. The estimated mean in France is about 15% for ICU mortality and 6–25% for hospital mortality after ICU discharge [1], yielding a hospital mortality rate of 20–30%, with substantial variations across studies. Reported factors associated with ICU ... | 16356211 | PMC1550827 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:36 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Dec 1; 10(1):R5 |
Introduction
An inconsistent relationship has been reported between acid–base abnormalities, their treatment, and outcomes [1-6] in critically ill patients. Some studies have suggested an independent association between low pH or standard base excess (SBE) and mortality [7-9], whereas others have not [1,10].
We have r... | 16507145 | PMC1550830 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:36 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Feb 10; 10(1):R22 |
Introduction
Disturbance of endothelial integrity, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, is the hallmark of sepsis and septic shock. Poor perfusion of mucosal layers causes damage to the mucosal barrier and translocation of bacteria and their toxins into the systemic circulation [1,2]. Increased paracellular permea... | 16507148 | PMC1550842 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:35 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Feb 13; 10(1):R29 |
Introduction
Reliable monitoring of cerebral oxygenation is an issue of paramount importance in anesthesia and critical care, since an impaired balance of oxygen demand and supply puts viable brain tissue at risk of ischemia [1]. Cerebral oxygenation is, among other influencing factors, highly dependent on cerebral blo... | 16507137 | PMC1550846 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:36 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Jan 23; 10(1):R18 |
Introduction
Neisseria meningitidis is one of the most feared causative agents in childhood infectious diseases, mainly affecting children below the age of four and adolescents. It can cause meningitis, sepsis and septic shock, characterized by a rapid development of petechiae or purpura fulminans. Meningococcal lipopo... | 16507164 | PMC1550847 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:34 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Feb 20; 10(1):R33 |
Introduction
Scoring systems such as Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE), the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System, and Mortality Probability Models (MPM) have been developed and used as quality assurance tools and for risk stratification in research involving critically ill patients [1,2]. Each ... | 16356207 | PMC1550848 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:36 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Nov 25; 10(1):R4 |
Introduction
A contemporary model of a health care system is that of a complex adaptive system [1] with multiple nested interconnected parts that evolve, interact and adapt over time. During an episode of care, the quality of care delivered by the system results from an interaction between the patient and all interrela... | 16507152 | PMC1550849 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:34 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Feb 14; 10(1):R28 |
Introduction
Failure to wean off cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) secondary to severe post-cardiotomy cardiac failure is a serious problem in cardiac surgery. Adherence to clearly defined treatment standards has been shown to be advantageous [1-3]. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors and catecholamines are routinely used to treat... | 16420666 | PMC1550852 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:37 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Jan 13; 10(1):R17 |
Introduction
Nosocomial infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are associated with significant adverse outcomes and increased health care costs [1]. Patients colonized with MRSA serve as a reservoir for spread within the health care environment, mainly through the hands of health care w... | 16469125 | PMC1550853 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:35 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Feb 6; 10(1):R25 |
Introduction
Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) are common causes of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Improvements in critical care practice, including changes in mechanical ventilation strategies, have decreased short-term mortality rates for ALI/ARDS patients [1]. ... | 16420652 | PMC1550857 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:37 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Dec 16; 10(1):R9 |
Introduction
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical condition that is associated with high mortality [1]. Different lung protective ventilation strategies have had an important impact on mortality in ARDS [2]. These strategies are based on the concept that there is a safe window between atelectasis an... | 16507163 | PMC1550858 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:35 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Feb 20; 10(1):R34 |
Introduction
Septic shock is a severe clinical condition with a complex pathophysiology and poor prognosis despite intensive therapy [1,2]. In sepsis, a cascade of macrocirculatory and microcirculatory alterations may induce an inability to maintain vasoconstriction, and can lead to severe hypotension [3]. When hypoten... | 16469127 | PMC1550859 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:36 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Jan 31; 10(1):R20 |
Introduction
Community-acquired pneumonia is the seventh leading cause of death in the USA and is the leading infectious cause of death [1]. Although mortality dropped precipitously with the advent of antimicrobial therapy, since 1950 mortality has gradually increased [2].
Because of this substantial mortality, numero... | 16420641 | PMC1550860 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:35 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Dec 6; 10(1):R8 |
Introduction
Survival after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with adrenaline (epinephrine) therapy is disappointing [1,2]. The use of adrenaline is associated with increased myocardial oxygen consumption, ventricular arrhythmias and myocardial dysfunction during the period following resuscitation [3-5]. In the Ameri... | 16420660 | PMC1550861 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:36 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Jan 6; 10(1):R13 |
Introduction
Metabolic alkalosis is a common acid–base disturbance in the intensive care unit (ICU) that is associated with increased ICU mortality and morbidity [1,2], with adverse effects on cardiovascular, pulmonary and metabolic function [3,4]. Additionally, such patients are characterized by compensatory alveolar ... | 16420662 | PMC1550864 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:36 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Jan 9; 10(1):R14 |
Introduction
Severe sepsis is a challenging problem in the emergency department or intensive care unit (ICU) [1], and can lead to septic shock or multiple organ failure. The complex mechanisms underlying severe sepsis remain unclear. In sepsis, the overwhelming inflammatory response to the invading pathogen is the majo... | 16507162 | PMC1550865 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:34 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Feb 20; 10(1):R36 |
Introduction
Patients admitted into intensive care units (ICUs) are at great risk for acquiring nosocomial infections. They are susceptible to infection because of their underlying diseases or conditions associated with impaired immunity as well as several violations of their immune system or risks of aseptic mistakes ... | 16626503 | PMC1550870 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:54:58 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Apr 20; 10(2):R66 |
Introduction
Impaired microcirculatory blood flow has been identified as a key component in the pathophysiology of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome after surgery [1] and in sepsis [2]. The precise mechanisms involved remain unclear but include complex interactions between various factors: increased heterogeneity of ... | 16542484 | PMC1550871 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:54:59 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Mar 7; 10(2):R40 |
Introduction
Although the prevalence of critically ill, morbidly obese patients in the USA is not known, it has been estimated that the incidence of morbidly obese patients requiring intensive care treatment approaches 14 cases per 1,000 intensive care unit (ICU) admissions each year. This is probably a conservative es... | 16630359 | PMC1550873 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:54:59 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Apr 19; 10(2):R64 |
Introduction
There has been growing interest in the effects of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) on the course of acute renal failure (ARF) in critically ill patients, based on the assumption that removal of several molecules, including uremic toxins and inflammatory mediators, might improve outcome [1,2]. Di... | 16646985 | PMC1550874 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:54:59 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Apr 28; 10(2):R67 |
Introduction
Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most frequent nosocomial infection in the intensive care unit (ICU) [1,2], is a major determinant for increases in ICU length of stay and ventilator days [3] and is associated with a two-fold increase in the mortality rate [4]. In contrast to the importance of s... | 16569261 | PMC1550875 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:37 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Mar 28; 10(2):R52 |
Introduction
Acute renal failure (ARF) is frequent in intensive care units (ICUs), affecting up to 30% of patients [1-3]. It carries high morbidity, increases the length of hospital stay, increases hospital costs, is associated with high rates of mortality (60% or more) and is an independent risk factor for poor outcom... | 16646986 | PMC1550879 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:54:59 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Apr 28; 10(2):R68 |
Introduction
Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used as an analgesic, as an anti-inflammatory agent and as an anti-pyretic agent [1,2]. The predominant pharmacological action of ibuprofen is to inhibit the activity of cyclooxygenase, an enzyme crucial for the synthesis of prostaglandins... | 16542487 | PMC1550881 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:54:58 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Mar 8; 10(2):R44 |
Introduction
The public health burden of heart failure is very high. In the United States, heart failure is the most frequent cause of hospitalization in persons over 65 years of age [1], and in 2004, the estimated direct and indirect costs were 25.8 billion dollars [2]. A 4% hospital mortality due to heart failure was... | 16646987 | PMC1550884 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:37 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Apr 28; 10(2):R69 |
Introduction
Sepsis is a common condition affecting an increasing number of hospitalized patients [1]. The prevalence of severe sepsis among inpatients varies between 2% and 11% [2]. Sepsis can be difficult to distinguish from other conditions causing systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) [3,4]. For the approp... | 16569262 | PMC1550885 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:54:58 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Mar 28; 10(2):R53 |
Introduction
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common cause of respiratory failure in the intensive care unit. Patients with ARDS exhibit an intense inflammatory reaction centered in the lung parenchyma, resulting in alveolar flooding and collapse, in reduced lung compliance, in increased work of breathin... | 16542488 | PMC1550886 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:37 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Mar 8; 10(2):R41 |
Introduction
In intensive care pressure support ventilation (PSV), a form of assisted mechanical ventilation, is among the modes most commonly employed to decrease the patient's work of breathing without neuromuscular blockade [1]. It is known that for optimal unloading of the respiratory muscles, the ventilator should... | 16584534 | PMC1550890 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:37 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Mar 31; 10(2):R54 |
Introduction
Invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring is a common practice in intensive care units (ICUs). The most frequent indication for invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring is for continuous measurement in hemodynamically unstable patients [1]. The radial artery is most commonly used, with the femoral art... | 16542489 | PMC1550891 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:54:59 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Mar 8; 10(2):R43 |
Introduction
Intraabdominal hypertension (IAH) is a clearly identified cause of organ dysfunction in patients after emergency abdominal surgery and trauma [1-3]. It is also increasingly recognized in other patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), for example, after elective surgical procedures [4], liver transplantat... | 16569255 | PMC1550894 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:37 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Mar 27; 10(2):R51 |
Introduction
Following the 2004 tsunami disaster that hit southeast Asia and killed over 225,000 people [1,2], severely injured tourists from various European countries were evacuated via airlift to Germany using German Air Force Airbus A310 MRT MedEvac transport [3-5]. Triage upon arrival at Cologne-Bonn Military Airp... | 16584527 | PMC1550895 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:37 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Mar 29; 10(2):R50 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.