text string | pmid string | accession_id string | license string | last_updated string | retracted string | citation string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Background
There is considerable evidence suggesting that spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) is an effective treatment for subgroups of patients with low back pain (LBP) [1-4]. Furthermore, a clinical prediction rule indicative of optimal treatment outcomes from SMT has been proposed [5] and validated [6]. While the cli... | 16911795 | PMC1578563 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:18:19 | no | BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2006 Aug 15; 7:68 |
Background
It is predicted from cable theory that velocity of propagation along a fiber is a function of the external resistance of the fluid bathing the fiber: the higher the resistance the slower the velocity [1]. When parallel fibers are packed within a small-diameter bundle, the outside resistance of fibers near th... | 16911777 | PMC1578564 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:01 | no | Theor Biol Med Model. 2006 Aug 15; 3:29 |
Background
The use of entomopathogenic microorganisms to combat insects is currently considered to be a viable supplement or alternative to synthetic chemical insecticides, which are known to have toxic effects on non-target organisms [1]. Strains of Metarhizium have been shown to efficiently control several insect spe... | 16978412 | PMC1578565 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:18:19 | no | BMC Microbiol. 2006 Sep 15; 6:77 |
Background
The Community health assessment (CHA) is an integral part of public health. A CHA can determine: the major health issues for a defined community, the governmental resources that need to be allocated, and the types of public health initiatives that need to be implemented. They can be conducted by: local or st... | 16981996 | PMC1578566 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:28 | no | Int J Health Geogr. 2006 Sep 18; 5:39 |
Background
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is predicted to become the 3rd leading cause of death worldwide by 2020 [1]. Much of the morbidity, mortality and health care costs of COPD are associated with acute exacerbations[2]. Treatments for COPD exacerbations are only partially effective, have significant... | 16956406 | PMC1578567 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:47:29 | no | Respir Res. 2006 Sep 6; 7(1):116 |
Background
The availability of great amounts of raw genomic and transcriptome data collected from several organisms has prompted the development of large-scale gene expression analysis which will ultimately help to unravel the function of many genes in diverse biological contexts. Different approaches such as cDNA micr... | 16907987 | PMC1578568 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:39:57 | no | BMC Genomics. 2006 Aug 14; 7:208 |
Background
Bacteria cultured in a nutritionally poor environment use the stringent response [1] to survive starvation. The main effector molecule produced during the stringent response is the alarmone (p)ppGpp (guanosine-5'-diphosphate-3'-diphosphate and guanosine-5'-triphosphate-3'-diphosphate, respectively), which is... | 16961923 | PMC1578569 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:18:19 | no | BMC Genomics. 2006 Sep 8; 7:230 |
Background
The accumulation of genome-wide sequence data for model organisms is of obvious benefit for many kinds of scientific analysis. Although the sheep is of great economic importance and has been used as a model organism to study such diverse topics as fracture healing [1], ovarian function [2], hypernatremic hyp... | 16822315 | PMC1578570 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:18:19 | no | BMC Genomics. 2006 Jul 5; 7:172 |
We used an inappropriate electron photomicrograph in our published paper [1]. The Figure 6C should be replaced with the electron photomicrograph below (C). Figure legend for this picture is not changed.
Figure 6 Ultrapathology of the colonic mucosa of the sensitized mice after challenge with OVA. Representative EM pho... | 16899127 | PMC1578571 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 23:00:21 | no | BMC Gastroenterol. 2006 Aug 9; 6:23 |
Report
The kinetoplast genome is composed of a large heterogeneous population of minicircles and a small number of maxicircles. The maxicircles contain a conserved coding region of 16–17 kb and a non-coding "divergent" region which is highly variable in different strains and species [1-11]. It is believed that the popu... | 16978422 | PMC1578572 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:21 | no | Kinetoplastid Biol Dis. 2006 Sep 18; 5:5 |
Background
Cadmium (group IIB of the periodic table of elements) is a heavy metal posing severe risks to human health. Up to this day, it could not be shown that cadmium has any physiological function within the human body. Interest has therefore risen in its biohazardous potential. As first described by Friedrich Stro... | 16961932 | PMC1578573 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:15 | no | J Occup Med Toxicol. 2006 Sep 10; 1:22 |
Background
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 3% of all adult malignancies [1]. Presentation with the classic triad of flank pain, haematuria and a palpable abdominal mass is uncommon. Most present with only one of the above symptoms or as an incidental diagnosis as a result of radiological imaging for another rea... | 16968548 | PMC1578574 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:23:47 | no | Int Semin Surg Oncol. 2006 Sep 12; 3:27 |
Background
Chemoprophylaxis of breast carcinoma with tamoxifen in women at increased risk for breast cancer has produced encouraging results. Studies of primary chemoprevention with tamoxifen in usual doses have generated high expectations with a 50% reduction in the relative risk for invasive carcinoma in high-risk pa... | 16972993 | PMC1578575 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:23:47 | no | Int Semin Surg Oncol. 2006 Sep 14; 3:29 |
Background
Ecuador straddles the Andes and is crossed by the Equator and is home to extremely diverse ecologic conditions. American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) in Ecuador occurs throughout the tropical Amazon and Pacific coastal regions and in some inter-Andean valleys. According to the Ecuadorian Ministry of Healt... | 16968553 | PMC1578576 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:28:21 | no | BMC Infect Dis. 2006 Sep 13; 6:139 |
Background
Neurological complications are common in HIV-1 infection and HIV-1 can be detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or brain tissue in all stages of infection[1,2]. HIV dementia, also termed HIV associated dementia or AIDS dementia complex, is a subcortical dementia which is characterised by a combination of cog... | 16978408 | PMC1578577 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:28:21 | no | BMC Infect Dis. 2006 Sep 15; 6:141 |
Background
S. maltophilia is becoming increasingly recognised as an important nosocomial pathogen [1,2]. The increase is most likely due to an increase in the patient population at risk because of the advances in medical therapeutics that include: the aggressive treatment of malignancy, the increase in invasive therape... | 16978420 | PMC1578578 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:38 | no | Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2006 Sep 18; 5:23 |
Background
The enzyme telomerase, comprising a telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) subunit and a RNA subunit (TR), is ubiquitous from unicellular protozoa to mammals [1,2]. In humans, transcriptional regulation of hTERT is the major mechanism of telomerase activation. Hypoxia responsive elements (HREs), to which th... | 16961934 | PMC1578579 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:22:26 | no | BMC Mol Biol. 2006 Sep 11; 7:27 |
Background
The world health organization estimates that there are more than 8 million new cases of tuberculosis (TB) each year [1,2]. Among tuberculosis, tuberculous meningitis (TBM) has become more common with the emergence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection [3,4]. TBM leads to multiple central nervous sy... | 16978411 | PMC1578580 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:18:19 | no | BMC Neurol. 2006 Sep 15; 6:34 |
Background
Viruses and other pathogens express a variety of proteins interfering with the host immune responses to counteract immune surveillance and increase their virulence [1]. The ability of a pathogen to modulate host response to infection and the reaction of host cells to such immunomodulation form an environment... | 16965634 | PMC1578581 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:28:45 | no | BMC Immunol. 2006 Sep 11; 7:21 |
Background
Glucocorticoids are common therapy for inflammatory conditions, but they generate a diverse array of unwanted side effects [1]. Their mechanisms of action involve the activation of transcription factors that interact with a battery of responsive genes, stimulating inflammatory and immuno-regulatory cross-tal... | 16965635 | PMC1578582 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:59 | no | J Negat Results Biomed. 2006 Sep 11; 5:14 |
Background
Experimental genetic manipulations have produced spectacular alterations in the position, size, and shape of primary sensory and motor areas of the mouse neocortex, leading to the conclusion that cortical arealization results in part from intrinsic cortical genetic mechanisms acting early in development [1-4... | 16978410 | PMC1578583 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:18:19 | no | BMC Neurosci. 2006 Sep 15; 7:63 |
Background
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood. Treatment with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy successfully cures many patients, but survivors can suffer significant long-term toxicities affecting their neurocognitive and growth potential. Despite clinical advances, up to 30% of c... | 16968546 | PMC1578584 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:18:19 | no | BMC Cancer. 2006 Sep 12; 6:223 |
Background
Following the discovery the mutant BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes which predispose carriers for BC and OC [1,2], many high-risk women request genetic testing and counselling on strategies to reduce their risk of death from BC. There are several options available for the management and care of women at risk for develo... | 16916448 | PMC1578585 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:18:19 | no | BMC Cancer. 2006 Aug 17; 6:210 |
Background
Large increases in the prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases have been reported in industrialized countries during the last twenty to thirty years [1,2], although there is evidence that the observed increase in asthma has reached a plateau in some industrialized countries [3,4]. There is strong evidence... | 16970809 | PMC1578586 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:18:19 | no | BMC Pulm Med. 2006 Sep 13; 6:24 |
Background
Physical exercises are prescribed in some institutions for patients that wear braces for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis [1-3], but there is no scientific evidence for this practice [4,5].
The possible useful effects of an exercise regimen for a patient with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis wearing a correct... | 16859544 | PMC1578587 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:34 | no | Scoliosis. 2006 Jul 21; 1:12 |
A transrectal needle biopsy was indicated due to a high level of prostatic spesific antigen in the blood, and a hard right lobe in rectal examination of a 63-year-old man. 10 examples were taken from each lobe of the prostate. In microscopic examination, all examples from the right lobe contained an adenocarcinoma cove... | 16959030 | PMC1578588 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:18 | no | Diagn Pathol. 2006 Sep 7; 1:26 |
Background
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has a potential to metastasize to almost any site. In descending order of frequency, the most common sites of metastasis are the lung, lymph nodes, liver, bone, adrenal glands, kidney, brain, heart, spleen, intestine, and skin [1]. It can involve any part of the bowel and accounts ... | 16972996 | PMC1578589 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:19 | no | Diagn Pathol. 2006 Sep 14; 1:29 |
Background
The beta receptors are distributed in the heart leading to an increase of the inotropism and chronotropism. They are found in the smooth muscle (vascular and bronchial) causing dilatation and relaxation of these structures, and a considerable number is also found in the cardiac muscle exerting positive inotr... | 16848911 | PMC1578590 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:12 | no | Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2006 Jul 19; 4:30 |
Background
Large proportions of genes within genomes are members of hierarchical gene families and superfamilies. Gene families appear to evolve through a combination of tandem, segmental and whole genome duplication (polyploidy) events. A number of researchers in the first half of the twentieth century observed relati... | 16923188 | PMC1578591 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:29:49 | no | BMC Evol Biol. 2006 Aug 21; 6:64 |
Background
Tenascins are a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins charcterized by an N-terminal globular domain and heptad repeats, which facilitate multimerization; one or more tenascin-type epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats (consensus sequence X4CX3CX5CX4CXCX8C); a series of fibronectin (FN) type III d... | 16893461 | PMC1578592 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:29:49 | no | BMC Evol Biol. 2006 Aug 7; 6:60 |
Background
One-dimensional (1D) structures of a protein are residue-wise quantities or symbols onto which some features of the native three-dimensional (3D) structure are projected. 1D structures are of interest for several reasons. For example, predicted secondary structures, a kind of 1D structures, are often used to... | 16952323 | PMC1578593 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:29:06 | no | BMC Bioinformatics. 2006 Sep 5; 7:401 |
1. Background
Brain calculus – or integral-differential neural dynamics – is an emerging paradigm in computational neuroscience [1,2]. In behavioral neuroscience, the dynamics of sensorimotor integration are often ascribed to learning and memory. We hereby propose a general framework of nonassociative learning and nona... | 16893471 | PMC1578596 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:23:49 | no | Behav Brain Funct. 2006 Aug 8; 2:29 |
Background
The concept of muscle actions has been introduced to classify the types of length change that skeletal muscle may undergo after it has been activated by the nervous system [1]. The type of length change that occurs is dependent on the balance between the external torque applied to the muscle and the torque g... | 16965630 | PMC1579205 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:11 | no | Dyn Med. 2006 Sep 11; 5:9 |
Background
Clinical, epidemiologic and pathological data support the occurrence of a specific cardiomyopathy related to diabetes mellitus (DM) [1-3]. However, the exact cause of this complication is still being discussed. Proposed causes include metabolic abnormalities (hyperglycemia and changes in myocardial lipid met... | 16968545 | PMC1579206 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:10 | no | Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2006 Sep 12; 5:19 |
Review
As indicated by its name Met30 was initially identified as a component involved in regulation of the methionine biosynthesis pathway in budding yeast [1]. Based on initial genetic studies, Met30 was proposed to be required for inactivation of the transcriptional activator Met4, which functions as the master regu... | 16895602 | PMC1579207 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:23:37 | no | Cell Div. 2006 Aug 8; 1:16 |
Introduction
Many researchers still consider publication in a research journal to be a way of laying claim to a new research result. Many years ago, researchers were doing this by sending mails directly to their colleagues. Then scientific journals appeared. First scientific journals were simply a more efficient way fo... | 16978396 | PMC1579208 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:11 | no | Carbon Balance Manag. 2006 Sep 15; 1:10 |
Background
Biliary obstruction may be due to a variety of causes including choledocholithiasis, tumours, and trauma, including injury after gall bladder surgery, with choledocolithiasis being the most common cause. The prevalence of gallstones in England and Wales was 182 per 10,000 person years at risk. The incidence ... | 16907974 | PMC1579209 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:18:19 | no | BMC Med Imaging. 2006 Aug 14; 6:9 |
Background
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of unknown origin that gradually robs the patient of cognitive function and eventually causes death [1]. Recently, we showed that radon daughters 210Po and 210Bi (RAD), accrue selectively in... | 16965619 | PMC1579210 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:23:28 | no | Mol Neurodegener. 2006 Sep 11; 1:11 |
Background
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the most frequently performed cardiac surgical procedure in the world. There are approximately 467,000 CABG procedures performed in this country annually [1]. Along with the internal mammary and radial arteries, the greater saphenous vein (SV) is a commonly used cond... | 16953895 | PMC1579211 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:29 | no | J Cardiothorac Surg. 2006 Sep 6; 1:24 |
Background
Photosynthesis provides plant cells with assimilates, reducing power and ATP. To coordinate their supply and demand, plants respond to environmental changes on time scales ranging from milliseconds to days. In addition to biochemical regulation of enzyme activities, control of gene expression is essential fo... | 16916444 | PMC1579212 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:18:19 | no | BMC Plant Biol. 2006 Aug 17; 6:15 |
Background
The number of patient satisfaction questionnaires has proliferated over the last decades as tools to measure health care from the patients' perspective [1-3]. One common target group has been patients admitted to a hospital, because admission can be a stressful and dissatisfying experience for many people an... | 16914046 | PMC1579213 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:18:19 | no | BMC Health Serv Res. 2006 Aug 16; 6:102 |
Background
Clinical data are mouth centered and rely on dental professionals' judgments. They have traditionally been utilized in assessing oral health in industrialized- and low income countries. Although informative, this clinical approach has been criticized because of its limited focus in terms of failing to consid... | 16934161 | PMC1579214 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:10 | no | Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2006 Aug 27; 4:56 |
Background
Recent trends in the treatment of patients following orthopaedic surgery in the Netherlands encourage early discharge from hospitals, which implies increasing the intensity of treatment during the in-hospital phase. The strategy of choice involves mobilisation of the joints, starting on the day of surgery as... | 16942627 | PMC1579215 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:18:19 | no | BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2006 Aug 31; 7:71 |
Background
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a disease associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of the upper respiratory tract [1,2]. The condition is characterized by abnormal proliferation of epithelial keratinocytes leading to papilloma formation, most commonly in the larynx. The disease is o... | 16961924 | PMC1579216 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:34 | no | Virol J. 2006 Sep 8; 3:75 |
Background
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is rapidly increasing in developing as well as industrialised countries [1-3]. A previous Cameroonian study in a rural population found very little gain in weight with age and very low prevalence of overweight and obesity [4]. However, studies from urban populations i... | 16970806 | PMC1579217 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:18:19 | no | BMC Public Health. 2006 Sep 13; 6:228 |
Background
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common human pathogen associated with various local and systemic infections, characterized by inflammation dominated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It produces a set of toxins including staphylococcal enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 which cause food pois... | 16952309 | PMC1579218 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:47:28 | no | Respir Res. 2006 Sep 4; 7(1):115 |
Background
The plastid is a nearly autonomous organelle because it contains the biochemical machinery necessary to replicate and transcribe its own genome and carry out protein synthesis. Within angiosperms the plastid genome includes approximately 120 to 130 genes and usually ranges in size from 120 to 170 kilobases (... | 16945140 | PMC1579219 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:18:19 | no | BMC Genomics. 2006 Aug 31; 7:222 |
Background
Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) is reported to occur in the gastrointestinal tract [1], skin [2], lung [3], thyroid [4], orbit [5], and pancreas [6]; however, it is very rarely reported in the liver. To the best of our knowledge, only 12 cases with RLH of the liver have so far been reported in the Englis... | 16965640 | PMC1579220 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:18:19 | no | BMC Gastroenterol. 2006 Sep 12; 6:25 |
Neuroethics is a collection of essays from thirty-four contributors, presented in three parts: The first part consists of seven essays describing various aspects of neuroscience research and practice, the role of ethics related to this field, selfhood and agency; the debate is focused on whether human decisions, intent... | 0 | PMC1579221 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:58 | no | Biomed Eng Online. 2006 Aug 2; 5:48 |
Background
Clinical practice since the 1980s and numerous publications have documented the indications and methodology involved in and the results obtained from cranial stereotactic irradiation techniques. The earliest reports on radiation treatment of extracranial targets involving stereotactic positioning are from La... | 16919172 | PMC1579222 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:56 | no | Radiat Oncol. 2006 Aug 20; 1:30 |
Background
Communicable diseases constitute a substantial part of the health problems in Vietnam. Several disease control programs are in place to control infectious diseases. In Binh Thuan province, southern Vietnam, the total burden of infectious diseases presented to the public health services is not known. The only... | 16869969 | PMC1579223 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:28:21 | no | BMC Infect Dis. 2006 Jul 25; 6:123 |
Background
In Zambia, malaria treatment and control have been undermined by the emergence of resistance to commonly-used antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine (CQ) and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP)[1]. Unacceptably high resistance to commonly used antimalarial drugs prompted the choice of artemether-lumefantrine (AL)... | 16923176 | PMC1579224 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:33 | no | Malar J. 2006 Aug 21; 5:73 |
Background
Knowledge of the population structure of the parasite isolates is important to understand the dynamics of disease transmission. Molecular epidemiological studies require reliable polymorphic markers [1]. Four polymorphic markers have been used to study the genetic structure of Plasmodium vivax, including Pvg... | 16817951 | PMC1579225 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:33 | no | Malar J. 2006 Jul 3; 5:53 |
Background
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters constitute a group of structurally related transmembrane proteins that translocate a vast variety of substrates across cellular membranes and thus perform essential biological roles in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells [1]. The substrates include lipids, ions, sugars, p... | 16968533 | PMC1579226 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:22:27 | no | BMC Mol Biol. 2006 Sep 12; 7:28 |
Background
In multiple sclerosis, fatigue limits the daily life functioning to a great extent [1]. For example, fatigue is one of the major reasons for unemployment in multiple sclerosis [2].
The influence of fatigue on performance is commonly quantified by self-report instruments. Several instruments have been develo... | 16916440 | PMC1579227 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:18:19 | no | BMC Neurol. 2006 Aug 17; 6:27 |
Background
Posture and balance impairment is frequent in stroke patients. The deficit might be caused either by sensory loss, the presence of contralateral hemiparesis or by affected internal processes of sensory integration and postural control. Hemiparetic stroke patients may show impaired postural stability of the t... | 16928280 | PMC1579228 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:18:20 | no | BMC Neurol. 2006 Aug 23; 6:30 |
Background
Liver cirrhosis is associated with a high frequency of bacterial infections that increases mortality [1]. The first year after being diagnosed with cirrhosis, patients suffer a more than 40-fold increased mortality from infection compared with the adjusted background population [2]. This reflects multiple im... | 16968543 | PMC1579229 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:11 | no | Comp Hepatol. 2006 Sep 12; 5:3 |
Background
Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy profoundly affects morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and stroke [1,2]. Therefore, it is important to measure LV mass and manage LV hypertrophy among the hypertensive population in clinical practic... | 16945138 | PMC1579230 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:30:07 | no | BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2006 Aug 31; 6:37 |
Background
Malignant tumors secrete factors that enable them to trigger their own angiogenesis. The initiation of angiogenesis requires acquisition of the angiogenic phenotype through a series of molecular events leading to increased expression of angiogenic factors and down-regulation of natural inhibitors [1].
Her2/... | 16978400 | PMC1579231 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:18:20 | no | BMC Cancer. 2006 Sep 15; 6:225 |
Background
The endosomal pathway of eukaryotic cells receives both biosynthetic cargo from the trans-Golgi network and endocytic cargo from the cell surface [1,2]. Many cargo proteins are further sorted into the internal vesicles that are a prominent morphological characteristic of the late endosome/multivesicular body... | 16889659 | PMC1579232 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:29:47 | no | BMC Evol Biol. 2006 Aug 4; 6:59 |
Background
DNA microarrays are commonly used to measure, in parallel, the steady-state concentration of tens of thousands of mRNAs, providing an estimate of the level of expression of the corresponding genes. They come in two flavors: 1) spotted arrays allows for the simultaneous measurement of two samples on the same ... | 16934150 | PMC1579233 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:18:20 | no | BMC Bioinformatics. 2006 Aug 25; 7:391 |
1 Background
Protein structure prediction by comparative modeling and/or fold recognition consists of three largely independent steps: (1) Postulating the structural similarity of the target protein sequence with a known template structure on the basis of a significant alignment score between the two protein sequences.... | 16872519 | PMC1579234 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:18:20 | no | BMC Bioinformatics. 2006 Jul 27; 7:364 |
Background
Protein structure classification is well-known to be an important research topic in computational and molecular biology. Through the use of structural classification, life science researchers and biologists are able to study evolutionary evidence from similar proteins that have been conserved in multiple spe... | 16872501 | PMC1579235 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:18:20 | no | BMC Bioinformatics. 2006 Jul 26; 7:362 |
Background
RNA secondary structure can be predicted accurately from sequence data alone. For example, the predicted secondary structure of ribosomal RNA has been essentially confirmed by recent crystal structures; 97–98% of the predicted base pairs are confirmed by experimental structures [1]. The trouble is that rRNA ... | 16952317 | PMC1579236 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:29:03 | no | BMC Bioinformatics. 2006 Sep 4; 7:400 |
Background
The post-genomic era is driving molecular cell biology in a science that, in addition to the assignment of functions to individual proteins or genes, is now trying to cope with the complex sets of molecules that interact to perform cellular functions [1]. The different aspects of these cellular functions mig... | 16872502 | PMC1579237 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:18:20 | no | BMC Bioinformatics. 2006 Jul 26; 7:363 |
In his Opinion [1], Noel Smith questions that the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) is a successful clone that emerged from a much broader and ancient mycobacterial species, whose extant representatives are Mycobacterium canettii and other smooth tubercle bacilli [2]. He suggests that our conclusion is weak bec... | 17009866 | PMC1579240 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 12:11:37 | no | PLoS Pathog. 2006 Sep 29; 2(9):e95 |
It has been suggested that a group of smooth tubercle bacilli, isolated from patients with tuberculosis and associated with Djibouti, East Africa, along with the seven species and subspecies that are traditional members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, should be considered a single species. This suggestion is... | 17009867 | PMC1579242 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 12:11:34 | no | PLoS Pathog. 2006 Sep 29; 2(9):e98 |
Introduction
Ebolavirus, together with Marburgvirus, comprise the family Filoviridae in the order Mononegavirales [1,2]. It has a nonsegmented, negative-sense RNA genome that encodes at least seven structural proteins [1,3]. These proteins form filamentous particles 80 nm in diameter with lipid membrane derived from h... | 17009868 | PMC1579243 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 12:11:33 | no | PLoS Pathog. 2006 Sep 29; 2(9):e99 |
Introduction
During Plasmodium falciparum malaria, signs of severe anemia, respiratory distress, and cerebral malaria, or combinations thereof, are common. These disease states are in part a result of the excessive binding of P. falciparum–infected erythrocytes (IE) to the vascular endothelium (cytoadherence), and to i... | 17009869 | PMC1579244 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 12:11:37 | no | PLoS Pathog. 2006 Sep 29; 2(9):e100 |
Introduction
African trypanosomes, e.g. Trypanosoma brucei and related subspecies, are protozoan parasites that cause African trypanosomiasis in humans and animals. T. brucei is the causative agent of human African trypanosomiasis, a fatal disease that is commonly referred to as “African sleeping sickness.” In the last... | 17009870 | PMC1579245 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 12:11:34 | no | PLoS Pathog. 2006 Sep 29; 2(9):e101 |
In PLoS Pathogens, volume 2, issue 8: DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0020085
Figure 9 did not include the asterisks and arrowheads that were referred to in its legend. The original legend and correct version of Figure 9 are included below.
Citation: (2006) Correction: Alpha-herpesvirus infection induces the formation of... | 0 | PMC1579246 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 12:11:37 | no | PLoS Pathog. 2006 Sep 29; 2(9):e103 |
INTRODUCTION
Patients with a history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
are at increased risk for the development of
ectopic pregnancies because of postinflammatory fallopian tube
scarring and deformity. Unilateral twin ectopic pregnancy is a
rare condition, first described in 1891 by De Ott [1]. Live
twin ectop... | 17485794 | PMC1581458 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 11:14:47 | no | Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Jun 14; 2006:10306 |
INTRODUCTION
Given a renewed public awareness following a recent measles
outbreak in Iowa, several pregnant women
inquired about their measles immunity [1]. While confirmation
of measles immunity is not routinely performed, determination of
rubella immunity is a routine
antenatal test in the United States. Consequently... | 17485795 | PMC1581459 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 11:14:47 | no | Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Jul 13; 2006:13890 |
INTRODUCTION
Use of multidrug antiretroviral therapy to suppress viral
replication is the recommended approach to treatment
of HIV infected patients who meet certain clinical criteria. This
has been demonstrated to reduce HIV-related morbidity and
mortality. The current treatment guidelines suggest that patients
be tre... | 17093347 | PMC1581460 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 11:14:47 | no | Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Feb 2; 2006:14869 |
BACKGROUND
The entity of septic pelvic thrombophlebitis has evolved profoundly over the last century. The bulk of cases in early reports was mostly obstetric, with a significant number of following abortions. Gynecologic cases with this complication
represented the minority.
By the end of the 19th century, von Recklin... | 17485796 | PMC1581461 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 11:14:47 | no | Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Jul 4; 2006:15614 |
INTRODUCTION
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major health problem in developing
countries and compounded recently by dual infection of
HIV and tuberculosis.
Genital tuberculosis is accompanied with menstrual disorders
including hypomenorrhea, amenorrhea, and infertility. In one
study, oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea... | 17093348 | PMC1581462 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 11:14:47 | no | Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Feb 2; 2006:18452 |
CASE REPORT
A 92-year-old woman with severe abdominal pain and vomiting for
24-hour duration was admitted to our hospital. Her gynecologic
history was unremarkable having undergone an eventful menopause.
She had no history of postmenopausal bleeding or increased vaginal
discharge. On the physical examination, her abdom... | 17093350 | PMC1581463 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 11:14:47 | no | Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Mar 29; 2006:26786 |
INTRODUCTION
Mycoplasma genitalium was first identified in the early 1980s among men with nongonococcal urethritis [1]. M genitalium is
extremely difficult to culture, but the use of
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology has allowed research
into the pathogenicity of this organism. Numerous studies have
confirmed... | 17485798 | PMC1581464 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 11:14:47 | no | Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006 May 16; 2006:30184 |
INTRODUCTION
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant source of morbidity
and mortality in the United States and worldwide. High-risk,
oncogenic HPV types (including HPV 16 and HPV 18) are associated
with 99.7% of all cervical cancers, as well as low-grade
squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), high-grade squamous... | 16967912 | PMC1581465 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 11:14:47 | no | Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Jan 30; 2006:40470 |
INTRODUCTION
Ludwig's angina, named after the German physician who described
the condition for the first time in 1948, is a rapidly spreading
cellulitis that may produce upper airway obstruction often leading
to death. The most common cause of Ludwig's angina is an
odontogenic infection, from one or more grossly decaye... | 17485803 | PMC1581466 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 11:14:47 | no | Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Aug 17; 2006:51931 |
INTRODUCTION
Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) occurs in approximately 3%
of all pregnancies, accounting for nearly 1/3 of all
preterm births [1–5]
. Moreover, PPROM is a contributor
to perinatal morbidity and mortality—primarily due to its
association with delivery remote from term,
chorioamnionitis, plac... | 17093352 | PMC1581467 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 11:14:47 | no | Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Apr 20; 2006:53234 |
INTRODUCTION
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
recommend screening all pregnant women for Chlamydia trachomatis
infection and syphilis at the first prenatal visit. Repeated screening for these infections during the
third trimester is recommended for those women at increased risk
for contracting these inf... | 17485804 | PMC1581468 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 11:14:47 | no | Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006 May 30; 2006:56504 |
INTRODUCTION
Despite a substantial decline in the incidence of early onset
group B Streptococcus (GBS) infections in the newborn,
GBS remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the
newborn period. Clinical trials have demonstrated the
effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis administered during labor
to wo... | 17093353 | PMC1581469 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 11:14:47 | no | Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Mar 19; 2006:57492 |
INTRODUCTION
An uncommon condition known as pyometra occurs when the natural drainage of the uterine cavity is comprised and pus accumulates within the cavity [1]. It has an incidence of 0.1%–0.5% [2, 3]. A spontaneous perforation of pyometra and subsequent diffuse peritonitis is rare [4]. Based on our knowledge, only ... | 17485806 | PMC1581470 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 11:14:47 | no | Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006 May 28; 2006:60276 |
INTRODUCTION
Imiquimod is an immune response modifier [1] that under the
trade name of Aldara (3M Pharmaceuticals, St Paul, Minn) has FDA
approval for the external treatment of anogenital warts. In
addition to this highly effective
application [2], imiquimod has been shown to be effective in
an increasing number of der... | 17093354 | PMC1581471 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 11:14:47 | no | Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Mar 7; 2006:61265 |
HEPATIC DYSFUNCTION IN TYPHOID FEVER DURING PREGNANCY
Chile has one of the best public health systems in Latin
America, however the epidemiological control has not been
successful in the eradication of typhoid fever (TF), this is due to
the high prevalence of chronic carriers
[1] and continuance to be an endemic area w... | 17485807 | PMC1581472 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 11:14:47 | no | Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Jun 12; 2006:64828 |
INTRODUCTION
Depomedroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA or Depo-Provera)
is a long-acting injectable contraceptive, approved for use in the United States in 1992
[1–3].
DMPA has been available worldwide since the 1960s and has been used by more
than 30 million women in more than 90 countries
[1–3].
This convenient contra... | 17093355 | PMC1581473 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 11:14:47 | no | Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Feb 23; 2006:69402 |
INTRODUCTION
Several studies have documented an increased risk for adverse
pregnancy outcomes among women with infectious conditions of low
pathogenicity like bacterial vaginosis [1,
2]. It is
hypothesized that low virulence microbes may ascend into the
intrauterine environment, initiating an inflammatory cascade,
whi... | 17485815 | PMC1581474 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 11:14:47 | no | Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006 May 25; 2006:94646 |
We read the recent article “Breast milk pasteurization
in developed countries to reduce HIV transmission. Do the benefits
outweigh the risks?” in Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics
and Gynecology with great concern. The authors tested two
paired specimens of heated and unheated breast milk using HIV RNA
quantification (... | 17093357 | PMC1581475 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 11:14:47 | no | Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Jan 25; 2006:95938 |
INTRODUCTION
The pathogenesis of infections due to C albicans and
related yeast is a complicated process that may involve a
constellation of virulence attributes including fungal
morphogenesis, secreted enzymes, biofilm formations, toxin
synthesis, and tissue adhesion [1]. In addition, the ability
of mucosal pathogens ... | 17485817 | PMC1581476 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 11:14:47 | no | Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Jul 4; 2006:98218 |
Background
This article deals with the problem of interpreting health-related quality of life (HRQL) outcomes from clinical trials. The alternative titles that we had in mind for this paper exemplify the problem: "The great merit of simple-minded dichotomies for clinicians" or even more provocative, "The great merit of... | 16973000 | PMC1584217 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:08 | no | Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2006 Sep 14; 4:62 |
Background
Mirroring a modern bio-psycho-social orientation toward the concept of health, the development of a multidimensional Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) measurement has been an important concern of research in recent years. It is realized that an instrument measuring HRQOL must consist of the physical, me... | 16972987 | PMC1584218 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:08 | no | Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2006 Sep 14; 4:61 |
Review
Breast milk for preterm infants has been found to reduce the health risks associated with feeding infant formula including a higher incidence of infections and necrotizing enterocolitis [1,2], lower scores on cognitive and developmental tests [3-5], and decreased visual development [6]. However, preterm infants ... | 16945150 | PMC1584219 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:04 | no | Int Breastfeed J. 2006 Aug 31; 1:13 |
Background
During the 1990s, the New York City Police Department (NYPD) greatly expanded arrests for marijuana possession. King and Mauer noted that by the late 1990s that marijuana arrests (mostly for possession) constituted nearly half of all drug arrests nationwide [1]. Golub, Johnson and Dunlap confirmed that this ... | 16889660 | PMC1584220 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:23:45 | no | Harm Reduct J. 2006 Aug 4; 3:22 |
Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a uniquely human disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), which is characterized clinically by a relapsing course and neuro-pathologically by the presence of active inflammatory white and gray matter lesions in the brain and spinal cord [1]. Activated lymphocytes and macrophag... | 16952316 | PMC1584221 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:10 | no | J Neuroinflammation. 2006 Sep 4; 3:23 |
Background
Innate immune activation has been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), traumatic brain injury, and HIV-encephalitis [1]. Confounding a clear interpretation of the contribution of innate immune act... | 16934151 | PMC1584222 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:10 | no | J Neuroinflammation. 2006 Aug 25; 3:21 |
Findings
Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) was first isolated in 1986 [1]. To date all HHV-6 isolates can be differentiated into the variants HHV-6A and HHV-6B. In early childhood HHV-6B infection causes exanthema subitum and febrile illness. After primary infection, HHV-6 persists life-long in host cells and may be reactiva... | 16984646 | PMC1584223 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:34 | no | Virol J. 2006 Sep 19; 3:77 |
Background
The burden of malaria in Malawi, like other parts of sub-Saharan Africa, is a major public concern [1,2]. Recent estimates report that malaria contributes about 35% of all illnesses in children under five years of age in the country [2,3]. Current malaria control initiatives aim at halving the burden by the ... | 16987415 | PMC1584224 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:28 | no | Int J Health Geogr. 2006 Sep 20; 5:41 |
Background
In 2004, homeless persons in the United States accounted for 175,300 admissions to substance abuse treatment facilities receiving public funding [1], with recent cocaine use reported in 46% of those admissions [2]. Comorbid psychiatric disorders are an important complicating factor in the treatment of homele... | 16965639 | PMC1584225 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:25 | no | Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2006 Sep 11; 1:27 |
Background
Substance abuse brings with it a diverse array of human problems in every sphere of life, including decreased health, increased mortality, familial and social dysfunction, impaired educational and vocational opportunities, and increased involvement with the criminal justice system. It also leads to a cycle o... | 16956400 | PMC1584226 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:25 | no | Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2006 Sep 6; 1:25 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.