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Background
Serine proteases play key roles in coagulation, fibrinolysis, and in kinin and complement activation. The activities of these enzymes are controlled at least in part by specific serine protease inhibitors, most of which are serpins. The relationship between serine protease and serpin inhibitor levels has bee... | 17261175 | PMC1800898 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:30:31 | no | BMC Pulm Med. 2007 Jan 29; 7:1 |
After publication of this article [1], the authors became aware that the numerical codes for two of the datasets, protocols III.3 and III.4, were inadvertently confused during the writing of the paper. Accordingly, the following corrigenda apply:
• Abstract, last line: For 'distributed electrical stimulation,' read 'e... | 0 | PMC1800899 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:27:02 | no | J Negat Results Biomed. 2007 Feb 8; 6:3 |
Background
The use of complementary and alternative medicines is burgeoning globally, especially in developed countries. However, over 80% of the population in developing countries depend on traditional healing modalities, including herbal remedies, for health maintenance and therapeutic management disease [1]. As in o... | 17286858 | PMC1800900 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:31:49 | no | BMC Complement Altern Med. 2007 Feb 7; 7:4 |
Background
The rising and, in some cases, universal trend towards day case cataract surgery raises a vexed question about the timing of postoperative review. This is particularly true if the aim is to do a "true" day case surgery where the patient is not seen in the hospital the next morning and so goes home on the day... | 17291337 | PMC1800901 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:28:10 | no | BMC Ophthalmol. 2007 Feb 9; 7:2 |
Background
The STAT (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) transcription factor and JAK protein tyrosine kinase families mediate the responses of eukaryotic cells to a wide range of cytokine molecules [1-6]. Classically, upon binding a cytokine ligand, the dimerization or oligomerization of receptor compo... | 17295906 | PMC1800902 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:21:12 | no | BMC Cancer. 2007 Feb 12; 7:29 |
Background
In many aphid societies, in addition to the renowned phenomenon of defence by morphologically specialised or unspecialised individuals, a broad range of social tasks can be found. Social aphids may clean their nests of honeydew and detritus [1-4], undertake risky migration to other colonies [5,6], and repair... | 17298667 | PMC1800903 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 23:56:09 | no | BMC Evol Biol. 2007 Feb 13; 7:18 |
Background
The traditional view of allostery has been redefined as a consequence of an observed shift in protein conformational preference [1-3] upon allosteric interaction largely influenced by a select set of key residues. This is evidenced through an examination of dihydrofolate reductase using COREX[4], an ensemble... | 17286863 | PMC1800904 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:29:38 | no | BMC Bioinformatics. 2007 Feb 7; 8:45 |
1. Introduction
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) influences a variety of behavioral and physiological processes including arousal, sleep-wake cycles, food intake, and anxiety-related behavior [15;21;31;36]. The central 5-HT network includes various nuclei in the brainstem of which the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) is ... | 17303505 | PMC1800906 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 06:27:37 | no | Brain Res Bull. 2007 Apr 2; 72(1):32-43 |
Introduction
Integrin-mediated interactions of cells with extracellular matrix (ECM) are well known to confer resistance to clinically administered chemotherapeutic drugs or ionizing radiation [1]–[8]. These interactions mediate a substantial survival advantage particularly in isolated tumor cell niches. These residual... | 17342203 | PMC1800908 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 15:30:24 | no | PLoS One. 2007 Mar 7; 2(3):e269 |
Introduction
Huntington's disease (HD) is an adult onset autosomal dominant inherited disease, characterized clinically by a progressive movement and psychiatric disorder. Neuropathologically, HD is associated with neuronal dysfunction and cell death, especially in the caudate-putamen (striatum) region of the brain [1]... | 17327906 | PMC1800909 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 15:30:22 | no | PLoS One. 2007 Feb 28; 2(2):e238 |
Introduction
Breast and ovarian cancer are among the most frequent cancers in women in Western countries [1], [2]. Combined, there were approximately 49,000 cases of breast and ovarian cancer reported in the United Kingdom in 2002 and more than 17,000 deaths from these cancers in 2003. The main breast/ovarian cancer pr... | 17342202 | PMC1800910 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 15:30:24 | no | PLoS One. 2007 Mar 7; 2(3):e268 |
Introduction
All members of the genus Rickettsia (Rickettsiales; Rickettsiaceae) are obligate intracellular parasites of eukaryotes [1], with some species that are pathogenic and are known to cause harmful diseases in humans, e.g., R. prowazekii, the causative agent of epidemic typhus and R. rickettsii, the agent of Ro... | 17342200 | PMC1800911 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 15:30:24 | no | PLoS One. 2007 Mar 7; 2(3):e266 |
INTRODUCTION
The principles underlining
antisense and antigene strategies are conceptually very simple and
straightforward. The use of a complementary sequence can inhibit
the expression of a specific mRNA, breaking the transfer of
genetic information from DNA to protein. The development of
oligonucleotide derivatives ... | 17497004 | PMC1800914 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 10:03:06 | no | Bioinorg Chem Appl. 2006 Dec 18; 2006:23560 |
INTRODUCTION
Reactions of dihalogens (I2, Br2)
and interhalogens (IBr, ICl) with organic molecules containing group 16-donor atoms (LE; L = organic framework, E = S, Se) have received renewed interest
in recent years. This is due to two principal reasons: their
intrinsic interest and their implications in different fie... | 17497008 | PMC1800915 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 10:03:06 | no | Bioinorg Chem Appl. 2006 Dec 31; 2006:58937 |
INTRODUCTION
77
Se NMR spectroscopy is one
of powerful tools to study selenium compounds
[1–20],
containing bioactive materials [21–24].
77
Se NMR chemical shifts (δ(Se)) are
sharply sensitive to the structural changes in selenium compounds.
Therefore, they are widely applied to determine the structures
[6–20] and to ... | 17497018 | PMC1800916 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 10:03:06 | no | Bioinorg Chem Appl. 2006 Nov 28; 2006:79327 |
INTRODUCTION
We have already drawn attention
[1–5] to the strong relationship between metals or their complexes, and antibacterial [6–12], antitumour [13–15], and anticancer [16, 17] activities. A number of in vivo studies have indicated [18–20] that biologically active compounds become more
bacteriostatic and carcinos... | 17497020 | PMC1800917 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 10:03:06 | no | Bioinorg Chem Appl. 2006 Dec 20; 2006:83131 |
Introduction
Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis is an emerging treatment strategy for solid tumors [1]. Endothelium-targeting peptides, antibodies, antibody fragments and nanoparticles have been used to target the tumor vasculature in various preclinical and clinical studies [2], [3], [4]. The ultimate goal of these anti... | 17342201 | PMC1801076 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 15:30:24 | no | PLoS One. 2007 Mar 7; 2(3):e267 |
Background
The Fifth Millennium Development Goal (MDG-5) calls for a 75% reduction in maternal mortality by 2015. Measuring this target with sufficient precision to show such a downward trend is, however, a major challenge, particularly in high mortality settings with weak health information systems[1,2]. Deaths for mo... | 17288607 | PMC1802065 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:27:10 | no | Popul Health Metr. 2007 Feb 8; 5:1 |
Background
Formation of branched tubes from an initially unbranched epithelial bud is a fundamental morphogenetic process in the development of many organs, including pancreas, mammary gland, lung, and kidney [1,2]. Although the cellular and molecular mechanisms of tubulogenesis are still incompletely understood, a num... | 17288590 | PMC1802066 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:30:45 | no | BMC Dev Biol. 2007 Feb 8; 7:7 |
Background
Theileria parva is a tick-transmitted haemoprotozoan parasite that causes an acute and often fatal disease of cattle termed East Coast fever (ECF). ECF continues to be a major threat to smallholder farmers in eastern, central and southern Africa. There are at least 28 million cattle at risk, over one million... | 17291333 | PMC1802067 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:26:12 | no | Immunome Res. 2007 Feb 9; 3:2 |
Background
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) are autoimmune disorders under complex genetic control that develop through a process mediated by T lymphocytes [1]. Association between T1D and AITD is well known, and these diseases frequently cluster within the same family and in the sam... | 17280620 | PMC1802068 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:31:38 | no | BMC Med Genet. 2007 Feb 6; 8:3 |
Background
Alternative splicing, the process by which exons are included or excluded in the mature mRNA, is an important mechanism whereby different transcripts are generated from the same gene unit. In fact, most human genes are transcribed in multiple alternative mRNAs, according to different regulatory programs, res... | 17295913 | PMC1802069 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:31:39 | no | BMC Med Genet. 2007 Feb 12; 8:4 |
Background
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic health condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, multiple tender points on physical examination, generalized muscular aching, stiffness, fatigue, nonrestorative sleep pattern, cognitive dysfunction, and mood disturbance [1-3]. FM is considered a clinical syndr... | 17295915 | PMC1802070 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:26:29 | no | Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2007 Feb 12; 5:9 |
Background
Advances in functional neuroimaging techniques have allowed the correlation of regions of interest (ROIs) with behavioral and cognitive tasks. Manual delineation of ROIs by trained operators is still considered the "gold standard," given its precision for the targets; however some drawbacks of manual analysi... | 17261193 | PMC1802071 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:30:51 | no | BMC Nucl Med. 2007 Jan 29; 7:2 |
Background
In complex, multi-cellular organisms, the interplay between cell proliferation, differentiation, and death determines cell number, tissue architecture and function. This dynamic equilibrium is best appreciated in tissues with high volumes of cell turnover, in particular the haematopoietic system [1,2]. The h... | 17295909 | PMC1802072 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:26:06 | no | Cell Div. 2007 Feb 12; 2:6 |
Background
The overall impression during an interview is a main element of psychiatric evaluation, but it is vague and difficult to operationalise. The Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI) is a classic instrument for making global assessments [1]. This scale yields three different measures: 1. Severity of illness (as... | 17284321 | PMC1802073 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:33:04 | no | BMC Psychiatry. 2007 Feb 6; 7:7 |
Background
Whiplash injuries are a major health and economic problem around the world. In the UK, their annual cost to the economy is about £2,553 million (1990 prices), representing about 18% of the total costs of all road traffic collisions and 0.4% of the Gross Domestic Product[1]. The costs are caused by absence fr... | 17257408 | PMC1802074 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:21:12 | no | BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2007 Jan 26; 8:7 |
Findings
A total of at least 1.5 million species of organisms are described, but an estimated number of 10 to 100 million species may live on our planet [1,2]. This huge gap gave rise to search for new technologies to describe the biological diversity. Meanwhile, genetic screening approaches involving a single or a sma... | 17295921 | PMC1802075 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:26:25 | no | Front Zool. 2007 Feb 12; 4:4 |
Background
Recent epidemiological studies of anxiety disorders provided evidence of their high frequency in the general population worldwide [1]. In the United States of America, the recent National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) found a lifetime prevalence rate of 28.8% [2] and a twelve-month prevalence of 18.... | 17291353 | PMC1802076 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:26:03 | no | Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2007 Feb 10; 6:6 |
Background
The spatial and temporal regulation of gene transcription is primarily determined by it's flanking promoter (cis-regulatory DNA elements) through interaction with trans-acting regulatory proteins (transcription factors) [1,2]. The start of transcription is accomplished by the formation of a pre-initiation co... | 17286855 | PMC1802077 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:21:12 | no | BMC Genomics. 2007 Feb 7; 8:42 |
Background
Marsupials and eutherian mammals are each other's closest relatives, having diverged from a common ancestor around 172 million years ago (MYA) [1-3]. Marsupials are most clearly distinguished from eutherians by their mode of reproduction, giving birth to young at a relatively immature stage of development an... | 17298671 | PMC1802078 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:21:12 | no | BMC Genomics. 2007 Feb 13; 8:50 |
Background
There is a growing awareness of the need to work toward the integration of data across biological scales, from the biomolecular to ecosystems. In particular, recent reports on cyberinfrastructure and e-science initiatives recognize the shortage in qualified professionals to manage the increasing stores of sc... | 17295920 | PMC1802079 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:26:02 | no | J Biomed Discov Collab. 2007 Feb 12; 2:1 |
Background
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) binding protein-1(APP-BP1) is the regulatory subunit of the activating enzyme for the small ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8 [1,2]. APP-BP1 is homologous to the amino-terminus of E1, and binds to Uba3 which is homologous to the carboxyl terminus of E1 and contains the catalyti... | 17286867 | PMC1802080 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:26:25 | no | Mol Neurodegener. 2007 Feb 7; 2:3 |
Background
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and other members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, like the activins, growth and differentiation factors (GDFs) and TGF-βs are secreted signaling proteins that regulate the development, maintenance and regeneration of tissues and organs [1-4]. Their ... | 17295905 | PMC1802081 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:38:04 | no | BMC Struct Biol. 2007 Feb 12; 7:6 |
Background
Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times within the superorder Glires (Rodentia, and Lagomorpha) remain controversial, with many discrepancies between estimates from morphological, molecular and fossil data. The problem is exacerbated both by the fact that Rodentia represents the most abundant and div... | 17288612 | PMC1802082 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 23:56:09 | no | BMC Evol Biol. 2007 Feb 8; 7:16 |
Background
One of the main goals of nursing home care is preservation of the best possible quality of life. A very important aspect of quality of life is being free of pain. Prompt recognition and adequate treatment is therefore requested when nursing home patients are suffering from pain.
Previous studies in several ... | 17300724 | PMC1802083 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:21:12 | no | BMC Geriatr. 2007 Feb 14; 7:3 |
Findings
Pain is a complex and subjective experience that involves the transduction of noxious stimuli by nociceptive fibers, but also cognitive and emotional aspects [1]. For instance, human studies indicate that pain is perceived as less intense when individuals are distracted from the pain [2]. Gender and genetic di... | 17298672 | PMC1802084 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:27:09 | no | Behav Brain Funct. 2007 Feb 13; 3:9 |
Background
As the number of childhood cancer survivors grows and the period of follow-up lengthens, increasing attention is directed towards the delayed adverse effects of therapy. The late effects of treatment on many organs have been described. These include the, cardiovascular, skeletal, endocrine, dental, hepatic, ... | 17270060 | PMC1802085 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:21:12 | no | BMC Cancer. 2007 Feb 2; 7:27 |
Background
Over the past 25 years, there has been increasing concern about the impacts of the plethora of natural and anthropogenic chemicals discharged into the aquatic environment that disrupt the endocrine system of wildlife [1]. Typically, these endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) exert their actions via interact... | 17288598 | PMC1802086 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:21:12 | no | BMC Mol Biol. 2007 Feb 8; 8:10 |
1. Background
Recordings of spontaneous or evoked electrical activity from large groups of neurons are often used to probe the function of neural systems. One fundamental problem that arises in interpreting such data is finding the location the generators of specific electrical patterns from recordings made at a distan... | 17227577 | PMC1802087 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:27:49 | no | Biomed Eng Online. 2007 Jan 16; 6:3 |
Findings
Lentiviral vectors (LVs) establish long-term transgene expression in both dividing and non-dividing cells. Extensive deletion of all of the viral genes and most of the LTR elements are essential to the safety of this vector system [1-3]. The self-inactivating vector (SIN) with minimal sequence in the viral LTR... | 17241475 | PMC1802088 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:27:05 | no | Retrovirology. 2007 Jan 22; 4:4 |
Commentary
For one week in August 2006, more than 26,000 attendees from 170 countries participated in the sixteenth biennial International AIDS Conference, held in Toronto [1]. These conferences were initially started primarily as a way to exchange the most important ground-breaking scientific findings among the commun... | 17288591 | PMC1802089 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:27:05 | no | Retrovirology. 2007 Feb 8; 4:13 |
Background
Retroviruses are the main etiologic agents in a variety of malignant diseases in animals [1]. Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) was the first Deltaretrovirus to be discovered in 1969 by electron microscopy [2], but it was not until 1985 that the first complete nucleotide sequence of an isolate was reported [3]. Si... | 17284327 | PMC1802090 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:27:05 | no | Retrovirology. 2007 Feb 7; 4:11 |
Background
Use of complementary medicine is substantial and growing in the US [1-3]. As use has grown, terminology has evolved. The term "unconventional therapies", used in the early 1990's, referred to therapies not used in academic health centers, not taught in medical schools and not reimbursed by major insurers. Th... | 17291340 | PMC1802091 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:31:49 | no | BMC Complement Altern Med. 2007 Feb 9; 7:5 |
Background
Transcription factors (TFs) are proteins (trans-acting factors) that regulate gene expression levels by binding to specific DNA sequences (cis-acting elements) in the promoters of target genes, thereby enhancing or repressing their transcriptional rates. The identification and functional characterization of ... | 17286856 | PMC1802092 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:29:35 | no | BMC Bioinformatics. 2007 Feb 7; 8:42 |
Background
Grouping individual entities into sets with identical properties is a recurrent task in bioinformatics, taxonomy and phylogeny studies. When there are a priori reasons that allow the identification of properties that define each group, it is possible to use classification algorithms to distribute individuals... | 17286861 | PMC1802093 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:29:41 | no | BMC Bioinformatics. 2007 Feb 7; 8:44 |
Background
The advancement of high-throughput technologies, such as DNA chips, has enabled the study of interactions and regulations among genes on a genome-wide scale. Recently, many algorithms have been introduced to determine gene regulatory networks based on such high-throughput microarray data, including linear mo... | 17270045 | PMC1802094 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:29:41 | no | BMC Bioinformatics. 2007 Feb 1; 8:37 |
Background
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) patients with hyperglycaemia at admission have a worse prognosis than patients that are normoglycemic at admission [1,2]. This relation is found in both patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and in patients without DM [3-6]. It has been argued that in patients without DM hyper... | 17284309 | PMC1802732 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:26:22 | no | Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2007 Feb 6; 6:2 |
Background
Adipokines [1] such as leptin, resistin and adiponectin are currently investigated as potential future drug targets in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory diseases in general. Therefore, the discovery of yet unknown adipokines represents a main target in... | 17295929 | PMC1802733 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:26:22 | no | Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2007 Feb 13; 6:3 |
Background
There is considerable debate regarding "clearance of the cervical spine" in trauma patients who are uncooperative or unable to give a reliable history [1]. Much of the debate centers around what is the minimum radiographic workup necessary prior to removing cervical immobilization devices [2]. In particular,... | 17288614 | PMC1802734 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:26:11 | no | World J Emerg Surg. 2007 Feb 8; 2:4 |
It has been more than a year since we founded WJES and with great satisfaction we have ascertained how great the interest in this topic is throughout the world in a polyspecialist environment, from ocular surgeons to neurosurgeons to the trauma surgeons who are clearly the protagonists.
As you know we have developed a... | 17288587 | PMC1802735 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:26:11 | no | World J Emerg Surg. 2007 Feb 8; 2:3 |
Background
Linking computerized health insurance records with routinely collected survey data is becoming increasingly popular in health services research. Record linkage serves as a powerful tool to augment and validate the data acquired for research. Inevitably, the growing number of record linkage studies have creat... | 17291357 | PMC1802736 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:31:57 | no | BMC Health Serv Res. 2007 Feb 12; 7:18 |
Background
Chronic and non-communicable diseases have attracted growing attention lately due predominantly to their associated fatality which was estimated as 35 million deaths in 2005 [1]. This figure is twice the number of deaths from all infectious diseases (including HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria), maternal an... | 17266763 | PMC1802737 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:31:56 | no | BMC Health Serv Res. 2007 Jan 31; 7:14 |
Background
Fbw7 is the mammalian homolog of budding yeast CDC4 and mediates the degradation of several proteins involved in cell growth and division, including cyclin E, c-Myc, c-Jun, Notch, Presenilin, and SREBP [1-10]. Fbw7 recognizes a phospho-epitope, termed CPD (for Cdc4 Phospho-Degron), contained within these sub... | 17298674 | PMC1802738 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:26:06 | no | Cell Div. 2007 Feb 13; 2:7 |
Background
Numerous measures have been developed in recent years to assess the effect of oral health problems on individuals' physical, mental and social health and well-being [1]. These instruments place emphasis on assessing people's subjective experiences with health and disease states, both treated and untreated. T... | 17263880 | PMC1802739 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:26:30 | no | Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2007 Jan 30; 5:6 |
Background
Successfully managing diabetes is a complex process and must address not only issues of drug efficacy and safety but also treatment satisfaction. Weaver and colleagues [1] defined treatment satisfaction as the patient's view of the treatment process and its associated outcomes based on predefined criteria. T... | 17286868 | PMC1802740 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:26:30 | no | Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2007 Feb 7; 5:8 |
Background
Adolescence is a period of rapid biological changes accompanied by increasing physical, cognitive and emotional maturity that can seriously complicate diabetes regulation. Indeed, adolescents with type 1 diabetes as a group display the worst glycemic control compared to other age-groups [1,2], which puts the... | 17306021 | PMC1802741 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:26:30 | no | Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2007 Feb 16; 5:10 |
Background
Our long-term goal is to develop safe and effective immunotherapeutic modalities for CNS tumors, such as gliomas. To this end, we have been directing our major focus on factors that promote the efficacy of peripheral vaccinations against CNS tumor-associated or specific Ags. Indeed, our recent study using ad... | 17295916 | PMC1802742 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:26:09 | no | J Transl Med. 2007 Feb 12; 5:10 |
Background
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an obligate human pathogen with no known environmental reservoirs. It can be isolated from gonorrhoea patients in clinical samples in which obligately anaerobic bacteria are abundant [1,2], suggesting that gonococci encounter and survive without oxygen in their natural habitat. Clark... | 17261178 | PMC1802743 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:21:12 | no | BMC Genomics. 2007 Jan 29; 8:35 |
Background
Modern DNA microarrays permit a comprehensive analysis of quantitative and qualitative changes in RNA transcript abundance, outlining the cross-sections of gene expression and alterations of these in response to genetic or environmental stimuli. Genome-scale microarrays (cDNA- or oligonucleotide-based) are m... | 17288595 | PMC1802744 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:21:12 | no | BMC Genomics. 2007 Feb 8; 8:46 |
Background
Prostacyclin (PGI2) is the major product of cyclooxygenases (COX) in the vascular endothelium and mediates potent anti-platelet, vasodilator, and anti-inflammatory actions by a prostacyclin receptor (IP) [1]. This receptor is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily and is coupled to ade... | 17257398 | PMC1802745 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:47:29 | no | Respir Res. 2007 Jan 26; 8(1):4 |
Background
Haemoptysis may present as a life-threatening condition, with a mortality rate reaching 80% in the absence of adequate and prompt management [1-4]. The criteria used to characterize severe haemoptysis are heterogeneous and ill-defined. They are usually limited to the amount of blood expectorated within 24–48... | 17302979 | PMC1802746 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:47:29 | no | Respir Res. 2007 Feb 15; 8(1):11 |
Disease name and synonyms
Holoprosencephaly (HPE)
Midline cleft syndrome
DeMyer sequence
Isolated HPE (non syndromic, non chromosomic)
Familial HPE
Arhinencephaly
Cyclopia
Definition
Holoprosencephaly (HPE, MIM 236100) is a complex human brain malformation resulting from incomplete cleavage of the prosencephalon... | 17274816 | PMC1802747 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:26:01 | no | Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2007 Feb 2; 2:8 |
Background
Injecting drug use (IDU) has been the most important risk factor for HIV spread in China. The first HIV outbreak among IDUs was observed in 1989 in a bordering area in Southern Yunnan Province [1]; as of 2002, all 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in mainland China have reported HIV infecti... | 17286871 | PMC1802748 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:26:04 | no | Harm Reduct J. 2007 Feb 8; 4:6 |
Background
Hypersensitivity against common environmental chemicals belongs to a complex of symptoms which are frequently reported by individuals suffering from a condition, variously referred to as multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), or idiopathic environmental intolerance (IEI). In a p... | 17291352 | PMC1802749 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:26:56 | no | Environ Health. 2007 Feb 10; 6:6 |
Background
Cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can be complicated by pulmonary dysfunction after surgery, sometimes necessitating prolonged mechanical ventilation, the causes of which remain largely unclear [1,2]. A lung vascular injury occurs in 30–50% of patients, as measured by a postoperative ris... | 17300720 | PMC1802750 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:27:22 | no | J Cardiothorac Surg. 2007 Feb 14; 2:11 |
Background
Measles virus (MV), an enveloped virus with a single-stranded, negative sense RNA genome, is a member of the genus Morbillivirus within the family Paramyxoviridae. MV is highly contagious and causes a disease characterized by high fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis and appearance of a maculopapular rash [1... | 17280609 | PMC1802751 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:26:18 | no | Virol J. 2007 Feb 5; 4:14 |
Background
Conventional strain (S), a measure of regional deformation, can be calculated from the gradient of velocity from Tissue Doppler Imaging [1] or by "feature tracking" techniques performed on grey scale (B-mode) images. "Feature tracking" is a more appropriate term than "speckle tracking" because these techniqu... | 17286850 | PMC1802752 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:26:50 | no | Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2007 Feb 7; 5:7 |
Background
A platelet-dependent process is the underlying mechanism of arterial thrombosis, and the critical role of platelets in this process is now widely accepted [1,2]. Participation of platelets in arterial thrombosis is centered on the platelet's adhesive properties and the ability to respond to stimuli with rapi... | 17309793 | PMC1802753 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:27:12 | no | Thromb J. 2007 Feb 19; 5:2 |
Background
The loss of habitat is the major factor contributing to the depletion of natural resources in Tanzania. Among the natural resources are medicinal plant species that are gathered from the wild. It is estimated that over 80% of rural people in Tanzania depend on traditional healers and herbs for their primary ... | 17257410 | PMC1802754 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 23:56:09 | no | J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2007 Jan 26; 3:7 |
Introduction
Each year, Plasmodium falciparum causes approximately 515 million clinical malaria cases [1] and over one million deaths [2,3]. Most malaria-related mortality and a large fraction of malaria cases occur in sub-Saharan Africa, where transmission can be very intense [4]. Strategic planning for malaria contro... | 17311470 | PMC1802755 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 09:10:38 | no | PLoS Biol. 2007 Mar 20; 5(3):e42 |
Introduction
Embryonic organs acquire a characteristic size and shape during their development. Cell division and cell growth control are known to influence organ size (reviewed in [1–4]). Organ shape, on the other hand, is not simply a consequence of accumulated cell number and mass; organ shaping is also a physical p... | 17311471 | PMC1802756 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 09:10:38 | no | PLoS Biol. 2007 Mar 20; 5(3):e53 |
Introduction
The fungus Candida albicans causes both hematogenously disseminated and oropharyngeal disease. During the initiation of hematogenously disseminated candidiasis, blood-borne organisms invade the endothelial cell lining of the vasculature to infect deeper tissues. Fungal invasion of the superficial oral epit... | 17311474 | PMC1802757 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 09:10:38 | no | PLoS Biol. 2007 Mar 20; 5(3):e64 |
Introduction
The recent evolutionary history of the human species can be investigated by comparative approaches using the genomes of the great apes: chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan [1]. Nucleotide differences, accumulated by fixation of mutations, carry a wealth of information on important issues such as speciation ... | 17319744 | PMC1802818 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 08:00:59 | no | PLoS Genet. 2007 Feb 23; 3(2):e7 |
Introduction
The mitochondrial theory of aging is based on the premise that reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated throughout the lifespan of an organism, damage mitochondrial macromolecules, including proteins, lipids, and mtDNA. Although most molecular damage is reversible through repair or molecular turnover mecha... | 17319745 | PMC1802824 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 08:00:02 | no | PLoS Genet. 2007 Feb 23; 3(2):e24 |
Introduction
Duplication of genetic material and its proper transmission to daughter cells must be scrupulously regulated in order to avoid errors that could modify the chromosomal complement of the species leading to aneuploidies. For this purpose, cells invariably achieve a round of DNA replication before each nuclea... | 17319746 | PMC1802827 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 08:00:58 | no | PLoS Genet. 2007 Feb 23; 3(2):e28 |
Introduction
Bladder cancer is primarily a sporadic disease, and environmental factors such as tobacco smoking and occupational exposure to aromatic amines have been established as strong determinants of risk [1]. A moderate familial component has been demonstrated for bladder cancer, but so far no high-penetrance muta... | 17319747 | PMC1802828 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 08:00:58 | no | PLoS Genet. 2007 Feb 23; 3(2):e29 |
Introduction
Yeast genetics has long been powered by the ease of conducting genome manipulation and mutagenic screens. These experiments are usually performed on a restricted panel of laboratory strain backgrounds that serve as standards. Variability between backgrounds is often viewed as a problem that must be minimiz... | 17319748 | PMC1802830 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 08:00:59 | no | PLoS Genet. 2007 Feb 23; 3(2):e31 |
Introduction
Chromosome ends participate in frequent recombination events. Human subtelomeric regions have undergone multiple interchromosomal exchanges during meiosis, giving rise to the highly duplicated structures proximal to telomere repeats [1]. Meiotic recombination maps of the human genome show an increase in re... | 17319749 | PMC1802831 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 08:00:29 | no | PLoS Genet. 2007 Feb 23; 3(2):e32 |
Introduction
Most organisms possess an endogenous circadian system that drives the daily timing of many physiological and behavioral processes. Genetic screens, spontaneous mutants, and gene-targeting approaches have been key in unraveling the essential set of genes underlying the circadian mechanism in mammals, Drosop... | 17319750 | PMC1802832 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 08:00:29 | no | PLoS Genet. 2007 Feb 23; 3(2):e33 |
In PLoS Genetics, volume 2, issue 12: doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0020205
In the Materials and Methods, the URL to the Yass online program was incorrectly listed. The correct URL is http://bioinfo.lifl.fr/yass/yass.php. | 0 | PMC1802833 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 08:00:29 | no | PLoS Genet. 2007 Feb 23; 3(2):e36 |
Contra vim mortis non crescit herba in hortis.
“There is no herb in the gardens against the power of death.” —
King Sigismund III (1566–1632) on his deathbed
Rapid advances in the basic and medical sciences, while rapidly expanding our knowledge base on a host of physiological processes (and their cellular and org... | 17319751 | PMC1802834 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 08:00:02 | no | PLoS Genet. 2007 Feb 23; 3(2):e37 |
Background
Cigarette smoking is a major cause for the increased incidence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD), worldwide. The pathogenesis of this disease is usually characterized by abnormal enlargement of airspaces of the lung accompanied by destruction of its walls [1]. This is a major and increasing gl... | 17300721 | PMC1802835 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:26:27 | no | J Inflamm (Lond). 2007 Feb 14; 4:3 |
Background
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) represent the most common variations across a genome [1], they occur at a frequency of about one SNP in 1000 nucleotides in genomic DNA [2] and they can be used to directly detect alleles responsible for a trait of interest. SNPs have several uses in genetics including ... | 17286854 | PMC1802836 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:26:01 | no | Plant Methods. 2007 Feb 7; 3:2 |
Background
Intracellular motility of organelles and transport vesicles is critical for optimization of photosynthesis and metabolism. The dynamic nature of mitochondria [1,2], chloroplasts [3], non-green plastids [4], peroxisomes [5,6], and Golgi bodies [7] has been documented through chlorophyll or fluorescent protein... | 17288617 | PMC1802837 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:37:20 | no | BMC Plant Biol. 2007 Feb 9; 7:6 |
Background
Scapular winging due to injury of the long thoracic nerve (LTN) can have significant and debilitating effects on arm mobility. The serratus anterior muscle, innervated by the LTN, is responsible for stabilizing the scapula against the thoracic wall. Additionally, during abduction of the arm, the scapula is m... | 17291339 | PMC1802864 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 23:58:34 | no | J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj. 2007 Feb 9; 2:4 |
Background
The injured adult mammalian peripheral nerves, in contrast with axons injured inside central nerve tracts, show vigorous regeneration [1]. The exact physiological and molecular signals involved in inducing the regenerative process are largely unknown. In addition to the induction of transcription factors, ad... | 17274829 | PMC1802865 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 23:58:33 | no | J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj. 2007 Feb 4; 2:3 |
Background
The law of LaPlace states: in a long pliable tube, the site of largest diameter requires the least pressure to distend. Hence, in a patient suffering a distal large bowel obstruction, in the setting of a competent ileocecal valve, the cecum is the most common site of perforation. Pancreatic carcinoma is ofte... | 17274817 | PMC1802866 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:26:54 | no | World J Surg Oncol. 2007 Feb 2; 5:14 |
Background
YKL-40 was first discovered as a 40 kDa protein secreted by the MG63 human osteosarcoma cell line [1]. It was subsequently found to belong to a family of "Chitinase-Like Proteins" (CLP), named for their structural similarity to bacterial chitinases, although lacking their characteristic enzymatic activity. T... | 17286869 | PMC1802867 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:26:54 | no | World J Surg Oncol. 2007 Feb 7; 5:17 |
Background
Demographic changes are leading to increased demand for services and resources in the continuum of geriatric care. With the emergence of Integrated Service Delivery Systems to improve continuity of care between settings, clinicians and managers need reliable assessment instruments capable of identifying elde... | 17298673 | PMC1802868 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:38:16 | no | BMC Geriatr. 2007 Feb 13; 7:2 |
Background
ST segment changes have been associated with ischemia for over 3 decades and are clinically accepted as indicators of ischemia. Acute, focused ST elevations have been shown in both human and animal models to result from transmural ischemia. Diffuse ST depressions, on the other hand, have been associated with... | 17291348 | PMC1802869 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:27:49 | no | Biomed Eng Online. 2007 Feb 9; 6:6 |
Background
The static pressure-volume curve is one of the main measurements on lung mechanics [1]. It is constructed by plotting the airway, transpulmonary or pleural pressure against lung volume in static conditions, this is, in the absence of gas flow. Values of pressure and volume define two limbs in the curve, depe... | 17300715 | PMC1802870 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:27:49 | no | Biomed Eng Online. 2007 Feb 14; 6:7 |
Background
Every year over 50 million pregnancies occur in areas where malaria is endemic, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria can have serious consequences for the mother and her baby. In regions where malaria transmission is unstable, pregnant women are at high risk of developing severe malaria, spontaneous abortio... | 17300719 | PMC1802871 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:27:00 | no | Malar J. 2007 Feb 14; 6:15 |
Background
Breast cancer is second only to cancer of the cervix in India[1,2].The standard of care in India for locally advanced breast cancer is neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NACT) followed by surgery in the form of modified radical mastectomy and subsequently three more cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. NACT facilitates lo... | 17394628 | PMC1802872 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:26:10 | no | Int Semin Surg Oncol. 2007 Feb 14; 4:5 |
Background
In many countries there has been a decline in reproductive performance in dairy cattle. Several studies show increasing number of days from calving to first service and decreasing pregnancy rates, e.g. [1-5]. As a result, the number of inseminations per inseminated cow, days from calving to conception and ca... | 17295930 | PMC1802912 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:27:20 | no | Acta Vet Scand. 2007 Feb 13; 49(1):5 |
Background
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) were the first antiretroviral drugs available and continue to be a component of anti-retroviral therapy (ART), despite the emergence of drug resistance over time. Few studies have investigated the role of pre-existing drug resistance and response to therapy ... | 17280617 | PMC1802955 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:26:52 | no | AIDS Res Ther. 2007 Feb 6; 4:2 |
Background
Neuroblastoma is the most frequently occurring extracranial solid tumour in children, accounting for 9% of all childhood cancers, with poor prognosis [1]. This malignant tumour arises from neuroepithelial cells of the sympathetic nervous system early in development, and is typically found in the adrenal medu... | 17295922 | PMC1802956 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:27:10 | no | J Nanobiotechnology. 2007 Feb 12; 5:1 |
Background
Volumetric anatomical atlases have become more prevalent as desktop computers have grown more powerful and have been provided with greater storage capacity. Digital atlases can be superior to print atlases in a number of ways: true 3D atlases are not restricted to just the limited number of sectional views t... | 17280615 | PMC1802997 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:29:39 | no | BMC Bioinformatics. 2007 Feb 5; 8:40 |
Background
Primary cervical cancer screening techniques have undergone revolutionary changes since the introduction of conventional Pap smears in 1946. Liquid based Pap tests intended as a replacement for the conventional smears received FDA approval in 1996 for cervical cancer screening. In countries where cervical ca... | 17288596 | PMC1802998 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:26:10 | no | Cytojournal. 2007 Feb 8; 4:6 |
Background
Introduction
Physicians in Canadian emergency departments (EDs) annually treat 185,000 alert and stable trauma victims who are at risk for cervical spine (C-spine) injury (CSI). However, only 0.9% of these patients have suffered a cervical spine fracture. Current use of radiography is not efficient. More tha... | 17288613 | PMC1802999 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:27:07 | no | Implement Sci. 2007 Feb 8; 2:4 |
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