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Mod,MODormodsmay refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod_(disambiguation) |
Thelanguage of mathematicshas a widevocabularyof specialist and technical terms. It also has a certain amount ofjargon: commonly used phrases which are part of the culture of mathematics, rather than of the subject. Jargon often appears in lectures, and sometimes in print, as informal shorthand forrigorousarguments or ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mathematical_jargon |
Twomathematical objectsaandbare called "equalup toanequivalence relationR"
This figure of speech is mostly used in connection with expressions derived from equality, such as uniqueness or count.
For example, "xis unique up toR" means that all objectsxunder consideration are in the same equivalence class with respect t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_to |
Theampere-turn(symbolA⋅t) is theMKS(metre–kilogram–second) unit ofmagnetomotive force(MMF), represented by adirect currentof oneampereflowing in a single-turn loop.[1]Turnsrefers to thewinding numberof an electrical conductor composing anelectromagnetic coil.
For example, a current of2 Aflowing through a coil of 10 tu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere-turn |
Thehertz(symbol:Hz) is the unit offrequencyin theInternational System of Units(SI), often described as being equivalent to one event (orcycle) persecond.[1][a]The hertz is anSI derived unitwhose formal expression in terms ofSI base unitsis 1/s or s−1, meaning that one hertz is one per second or thereciprocal of one sec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz |
Thecycle per secondis a once-common English name for the unit offrequencynow known as thehertz(Hz). Cycles per second may be denoted byc.p.s.,c/s, or, ambiguously, just "cycles" (Cyc., Cy., C, or c). The term comes from repetitive phenomena such assound waveshaving a frequency measurable as a number of oscillations, or... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycle_per_second |
Theangular displacement(symbol θ, ϑ, or φ) – also calledangle of rotation,rotational displacement, orrotary displacement– of aphysical bodyis theangle(inunitsofradians,degrees,turns, etc.) through which the bodyrotates(revolves or spins) around a centre oraxis of rotation. Angular displacement may be signed, indicating... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_rotation |
Revolutions per minute(abbreviatedrpm,RPM,rev/min,r/min, orr⋅min−1) is a unit ofrotational speed(orrotational frequency) for rotating machines.
One revolution perminuteis equivalent to1/60hertz.
ISO 80000-3:2019 defines aphysical quantitycalledrotation(ornumber of revolutions),dimensionless, whoseinstantaneous rate ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions_per_minute |
Therepeating circleis an instrument forgeodetic surveying, developed from thereflecting circlebyÉtienne Lenoirin 1784.[1]He invented it while an assistant ofJean-Charles de Borda, who later improved the instrument. It was notable as being the equal of thegreat theodolitecreated by the renowned instrument maker,Jesse Ra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeating_circle |
Thespat(symbolsp[1]), from theLatinspatium("space"), is aunitofsolid angle.[2][3]1 spat is equal to 4πsteradians[1][3]or approximately41253square degreesof solid angle (sequenceA125560in theOEIS).[2]Thus it is the solid anglesubtendedby a completesphereat its center.[2]
The whole sphere contains ~148.510 million squar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spat_(angular_unit) |
Ingeometry, asolid angle(symbol:Ω) is a measure of the amount of thefield of viewfrom some particular point that a given object covers. That is, it is a measure of how large the object appears to an observer looking from that point.
The point from which the object is viewed is called theapexof the solid angle, and the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle |
Thesteradian(symbol:sr) orsquare radian[1][2]is the unit ofsolid anglein theInternational System of Units(SI). It is used inthree dimensional geometry, and is analogous to theradian, which quantifiesplanar angles. A solid angle in the form of aright circular conecan be projected onto a sphere, defining aspherical capwh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steradian |
Inmathematics, theunit intervalis theclosed interval[0,1], that is, thesetof allreal numbersthat are greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1. It is often denotedI(capital letterI). In addition to its role inreal analysis, the unit interval is used to studyhomotopy theoryin the field oftopology.
In the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_interval |
Divine Proportions: Rational Trigonometry to Universal Geometryis a 2005 book by the mathematician Norman J. Wildberger on a proposed alternative approach toEuclidean geometryandtrigonometry, calledrational trigonometry. The book advocates replacing the usual basic quantities of trigonometry,Euclidean distanceandangle... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twist_(rational_trigonometry) |
The number𝜏(/ˈtaʊ,ˈtɔː,ˈtɒ/ⓘ; spelled out astau) is amathematical constantthat is theratioof acircle'scircumferenceto itsradius. It is approximately equal to 6.28 and exactly equal to2π.
𝜏andπare both circle constants relating the circumference of a circle to its linear dimension: the radius in the case of𝜏; the di... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_(mathematics) |
InBoolean algebra, thealgebraic normal form(ANF),ring sum normal form(RSNForRNF),Zhegalkin normal form, orReed–Muller expansionis a way of writingpropositional logicformulas in one of three subforms:
Formulas written in ANF are also known asZhegalkin polynomialsand Positive Polarity (or Parity)Reed–Muller expressions(... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_sum_normal_form |
Rod calculusor rod calculation was the mechanical method ofalgorithmiccomputation withcounting rodsin China from theWarring StatestoMing dynastybefore the counting rods were increasingly replaced by the more convenient and fasterabacus. Rod calculus played a key role in the development of Chinese mathematics to its hei... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_calculus#Division |
Inmathematics,division bytwoorhalvinghas also been calledmediationordimidiation.[1]The treatment of this as a different operation from multiplication and division by other numbers goes back to the ancient Egyptians, whosemultiplication algorithmused division by two as one of its fundamental steps.[2]Some mathematicians... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_by_two |
Inarithmetic, thegalley method, also known as thebatelloor thescratch method, was the most widely used method ofdivisionin use prior to 1600. The namesgaleaand batello refer to a boat which the outline of the work was thought to resemble.
An earlier version of this method was used as early as 825 byAl-Khwarizmi. The... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galley_division |
Inmathematicsandcomputer programming, theorder of operationsis a collection of rules that reflect conventions about which operations to perform first in order to evaluate a givenmathematical expression.
These rules are formalized with a ranking of the operations. The rank of an operation is called itsprecedence, and a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_operations |
Incombinatorics, therule of divisionis a counting principle. It states that there aren/dways to do a task if it can be done using a procedure that can be carried out innways, and for each wayw, exactlydof thenways correspond to the wayw.
In a nutshell, the division rule is a common way to ignore "unimportant" differen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_division_(combinatorics) |
Inanalytic number theoryand related branches of mathematics, a complex-valuedarithmetic functionχ:Z→C{\displaystyle \chi :\mathbb {Z} \rightarrow \mathbb {C} }is aDirichlet character of modulusm{\displaystyle m}(wherem{\displaystyle m}is a positive integer) if for all integersa{\displaystyle a}andb{\displaystyle b}:[1]... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirichlet_character |
Inalgebraandnumber theory,Wilson's theoremstates that anatural numbern> 1 is aprime numberif and only ifthe product of all thepositive integersless thannis one less than a multiple ofn. That is (using the notations ofmodular arithmetic), thefactorial(n−1)!=1×2×3×⋯×(n−1){\displaystyle (n-1)!=1\times 2\times 3\times \cd... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilson%27s_theorem#Gauss.27s_generalization |
Innumber theory, given a positive integernand anintegeracoprimeton, themultiplicative orderofamodulonis the smallest positive integerksuch thatak≡1(modn){\textstyle a^{k}\ \equiv \ 1{\pmod {n}}}.[1]
In other words, the multiplicative order ofamodulonis theorderofain themultiplicative groupof theunitsin theringof the i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicative_order |
Innumber theory, akth root of unity modulonfor positiveintegersk,n≥ 2, is aroot of unityin the ring ofintegers modulon; that is, a solutionxto theequation(orcongruence)xk≡1(modn){\displaystyle x^{k}\equiv 1{\pmod {n}}}. Ifkis the smallest such exponent forx, thenxis called aprimitivekth root of unity modulon.[1]Seemo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_of_unity_modulo_n |
Innumber theory,Artin's conjecture on primitive rootsstates that a givenintegerathat is neither asquare numbernor −1 is aprimitive rootmodulo infinitely manyprimesp. Theconjecturealso ascribes anasymptotic densityto these primes. This conjectural density equals Artin's constant or arationalmultiple thereof.
The conjec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artin%27s_conjecture_on_primitive_roots |
In number theory, arational reciprocity lawis areciprocity lawinvolving residue symbols that are related by a factor of +1 or –1 rather than a general root of unity.
As an example, there are rationalbiquadraticandoctic reciprocity laws. Define the symbol (x|p)kto be +1 ifxis ak-th power modulo the primepand -1 otherw... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_reciprocity_law |
Inmathematics,modular arithmeticis a system ofarithmeticoperations forintegers, other than the usual ones from elementary arithmetic, where numbers "wrap around" when reaching a certain value, called themodulus. The modern approach to modular arithmetic was developed byCarl Friedrich Gaussin his bookDisquisitiones Arit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete_residue_system_modulo_m |
Inabstract algebra, acongruence relation(or simplycongruence) is anequivalence relationon analgebraic structure(such as agroup,ring, orvector space) that is compatible with the structure in the sense thatalgebraic operationsdone with equivalent elements will yield equivalent elements.[1]Every congruence relation has a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruence_relation |
Inmathematics,modular arithmeticis a system ofarithmeticoperations forintegers, other than the usual ones from elementary arithmetic, where numbers "wrap around" when reaching a certain value, called themodulus. The modern approach to modular arithmetic was developed byCarl Friedrich Gaussin his bookDisquisitiones Arit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_residue_system_modulo_m |
Number theoryis a branch ofpure mathematicsdevoted primarily to the study of theintegersandarithmetic functions. Number theorists studyprime numbersas well as the properties ofmathematical objectsconstructed from integers (for example,rational numbers), or defined as generalizations of the integers (for example,algebra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number_theory |
Date windowingis a method by which dates with two-digit years are converted to and from dates with four-digit years.[1]The year at which thecenturychanges is called thepivot yearof the date window.[2]Date windowing was one of several techniques used to resolve theyear 2000 probleminlegacy computer systems.[3]
For orga... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Date_windowing |
Lollipop sequence numberingis anumbering schemeused inrouting protocols. In this numbering scheme, sequence numbers start at a negative value, increase until they reach zero, then cycle through a finite set of positive numbers indefinitely. When a system is rebooted, the sequence is restarted from a negative number aga... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lollipop_sequence_numbering |
Inmathematical analysisand related areas ofmathematics, asetis calledboundedif all of its points are within a certain distance of each other. Conversely, a set which is not bounded is calledunbounded. The word "bounded" makes no sense in a general topological space without a correspondingmetric.
Boundaryis a distinct ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounded_set |
Inmathematics, aPadé approximantis the "best" approximation of a function near a specific point by arational functionof given order. Under this technique, the approximant'spower seriesagrees with the power series of the function it is approximating. The technique was developed around 1890 byHenri Padé, but goes back to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pad%C3%A9_approximant |
Inmathematics, theTaylor seriesorTaylor expansionof afunctionis aninfinite sumof terms that are expressed in terms of the function'sderivativesat a single point. For most common functions, the function and the sum of its Taylor series are equal near this point. Taylor series are named afterBrook Taylor, who introduced ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_series |
Inmathematics, arational functionis anyfunctionthat can be defined by arational fraction, which is analgebraic fractionsuch that both thenumeratorand thedenominatorarepolynomials. Thecoefficientsof the polynomials need not berational numbers; they may be taken in anyfieldK. In this case, one speaks of a rational functi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_function |
Incomputer science, theanalysis of algorithmsis the process of finding thecomputational complexityofalgorithms—the amount of time, storage, or other resources needed to execute them. Usually, this involves determining afunctionthat relates the size of an algorithm's input to the number of steps it takes (itstime comple... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis_of_algorithms |
Incomputing, abenchmarkis the act of running acomputer program, a set of programs, or other operations, in order to assess the relativeperformanceof an object, normally by running a number of standardtestsand trials against it.[1]
The termbenchmarkis also commonly utilized for the purposes of elaborately designed benc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benchmark_(computing) |
Incomputer science,best,worst, andaverage casesof a givenalgorithmexpress what theresourceusage isat least,at mostandon average, respectively. Usually the resource being considered is running time, i.e.time complexity, but could also be memory or some other resource.
Best case is the function which performs the minimum... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best,_worst_and_average_case |
Anoptimizing compileris acompilerdesigned to generate code that isoptimizedin aspects such as minimizing programexecution time,memory usage, storage size, andpower consumption.[1]Optimization is generally implemented as a sequence ofoptimizing transformations, a.k.a.compiler optimizations– algorithms that transform cod... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compiler_optimization |
Incomputing,computer performanceis the amount of useful work accomplished by acomputer system. Outside of specific contexts, computer performance is estimated in terms of accuracy,efficiencyand speed of executingcomputer programinstructions. When it comes to high computer performance, one or more of the following facto... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_performance |
Incomputer science,empirical algorithmics(orexperimental algorithmics) is the practice of usingempirical methodsto study the behavior ofalgorithms. The practice combines algorithm development and experimentation: algorithms are not just designed, but also implemented and tested in a variety of situations. In this proce... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirical_algorithmics |
Incomputer science,program optimization,code optimization, orsoftware optimizationis the process of modifying a software system to make some aspect of it work moreefficientlyor use fewer resources.[1]In general, acomputer programmay be optimized so that it executes more rapidly, or to make it capable of operating with ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_optimization |
Insoftware engineering,profiling(program profiling,software profiling) is a form ofdynamic program analysisthat measures, for example, the space (memory) or timecomplexity of a program, theusage of particular instructions, or the frequency and duration of function calls. Most commonly, profiling information serves to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profiling_(computer_programming) |
Inmathematics,Gödel's speed-up theorem, proved byGödel(1936), shows that there aretheoremswhoseproofscan be drastically shortened by working in more powerful axiomatic systems.
Kurt Gödelshowed how to find explicit examples of statements in formal systems that are provable in that system but whose shortest proof is un... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6del%27s_speed-up_theorem |
Incomputational complexity theory, theImmerman–Szelepcsényi theoremstates thatnondeterministic spacecomplexity classesare closed under complementation. It was proven independently byNeil ImmermanandRóbert Szelepcsényiin 1987, for which they shared the 1995Gödel Prize. In its general form the theorem states thatNSPACE(s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immerman%E2%80%93Szelepcs%C3%A9nyi_theorem |
Inmathematics, specifically inalgebraic geometry, thefiber product of schemesis a fundamental construction. It has many interpretations and special cases. For example, the fiber product describes how analgebraic varietyover onefielddetermines a variety over a bigger field, or the pullback of a family of varieties, or a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber_product_of_schemes#Base_change_and_descent |
Inmathematics,Grothendieck's six operations, named afterAlexander Grothendieck, is a formalism inhomological algebra, also known as thesix-functor formalism.[1]It originally sprang from the relations inétale cohomologythat arise from amorphismofschemesf:X→Y. The basic insight was that many of the elementary facts rela... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_operations |
Inmathematics, thetensor productof twofieldsis theirtensor productasalgebrasover a commonsubfield. If no subfield is explicitly specified, the two fields must have the samecharacteristicand the common subfield is theirprime subfield.
The tensor product of two fields is sometimes a field, and often adirect productof fi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensor_product_of_fields |
Inmathematics, thetensor-hom adjunctionis that thetensor product−⊗X{\displaystyle -\otimes X}andhom-functorHom(X,−){\displaystyle \operatorname {Hom} (X,-)}form anadjoint pair:
This is made more precise below. The order of terms in the phrase "tensor-hom adjunction" reflects their relationship: tensor is the left ad... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensor-hom_adjunction |
Innumber theory,Chen's theoremstates that every sufficiently largeevennumber can be written as the sum of either twoprimes, or a prime and asemiprime(the product of two primes).
It is a weakened form ofGoldbach's conjecture, which states that every even number is the sum of two primes.
Thetheoremwas first stated byCh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen%27s_theorem |
Innumber theory, asphenic number(fromGreek:σφήνα, 'wedge') is apositive integerthat is theproductof three distinctprime numbers. Because there areinfinitely many prime numbers, there are also infinitely many sphenic numbers.
A sphenic number is a productpqrwherep,q, andrare three distinct prime numbers. In other words... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphenic_number |
Innumber theory, theparity problemrefers to a limitation insieve theorythat prevents sieves from giving good estimates in many kinds ofprime-counting problems. The problem was identified and named byAtle Selbergin 1949. Beginning around 1996,John FriedlanderandHenryk Iwaniecdeveloped some parity-sensitive sieves that m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity_problem_(sieve_theory) |
This is a list of notablebackup softwarethat performsdata backups.Archivers,transfer protocols, andversion control systemsare often used for backups but only software focused on backup is listed here. SeeComparison of backup softwarefor features.
May 25, 2023(v2.0.7.1, beta) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_backup_software |
This is acomparison of online backup services.
Online backup is a special kind of online storage service; however, various products that are designed for file storage may not have features or characteristics that others designed for backup have. Online Backup usually requires a backup client program. A browser-only on... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_online_backup_services |
Featurecomparison of backup software. For a more general comparison seeList of backup software. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_backup_software |
The subject of computer backups is rife with jargon and highly specialized terminology. This page is aglossary of backup termsthat aims to clarify the meaning of such jargon and terminology.
3-2-1 Rule (or 3-2-1 Backup Strategy)
Backup policy
Backup rotation scheme
Backup site
Backup software
Backup window
Copy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_backup_terms |
VMware Infrastructureis a collection of virtualization products fromVMware.Virtualizationis an abstraction layer that decouples hardware from operating systems. The VMware Infrastructure suite allows enterprises to optimize and manage their IT infrastructure through virtualization as an integrated offering. The core pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_backup_appliance |
Data maskingordata obfuscationis the process of modifyingsensitive datain such a way that it is of no or little value to unauthorized intruders while still being usable bysoftwareor authorized personnel. Data masking can also be referred asanonymization, ortokenization, depending on different context.
The main reason ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_masking |
Defense in depthis a concept used ininformation securityin which multiple layers of security controls (defense) are placed throughout aninformation technology(IT) system. Its intent is to provideredundancyin the event asecurity controlfails or a vulnerability is exploited that can cover aspects ofpersonnel,procedural,t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_in_depth_(computing) |
Information securityis the practice of protectinginformationby mitigating information risks. It is part of information risk management.[1]It typically involves preventing or reducing the probability of unauthorized or inappropriate access todataor the unlawful use,disclosure, disruption, deletion, corruption, modificat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_security_policies |
Raz-Lee Security, Inc.is an international organization that providesdata securitysolutions forIBM'sPoweriservers.
The company's clients includeFiat,Agfa,Teva Pharmaceuticals,Avnet,AIG,Dun & Bradstreetand the Israel branch of American insurance companyAmerican International Group, among others.[2][3]
Founded in 1983,[... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raz-Lee |
Enterprise architecture(EA) is a business function concerned with the structures and behaviours of a business, especially business roles and processes that create and use businessdata. The international definition according to the Federation of Enterprise Architecture Professional Organizations is "a well-defined pract... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_architecture |
Enterprise architecture planning(EAP) inenterprise architectureis theplanningprocess of definingarchitecturesfor the use of information in support of the business and the plan for implementing those architectures.[2]
One of the earlier professional practitioners in the field of system architectureSteven H. Spewakin 19... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_architecture_planning |
Genuine progress indicator(GPI) is ametricthat has been suggested to replace, or supplement,gross domestic product(GDP).[1]The GPI is designed to take fuller account of thewell-beingof a nation, only a part of which pertains to the size of the nation's economy, by incorporating environmental and social factors which ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genuine_progress_indicator |
Adigital identityis data stored oncomputer systemsrelating to an individual, organization, application, or device. For individuals, it involves the collection ofpersonal datathat is essential for facilitating automated access to digital services, confirming one's identity on the internet, and allowing digital systems t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Identity |
Attribute-based access control(ABAC), also known aspolicy-based access controlforIAM, defines an access control paradigm whereby a subject's authorization to perform a set of operations is determined by evaluating attributes associated with the subject, object, requested operations, and, in some cases, environment attr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attribute-based_access_control |
Afederated identityininformation technologyis the means of linking a person'selectronic identityand attributes, stored across multiple distinctidentity managementsystems.[1]
Federated identity is related tosingle sign-on(SSO), in which a user's singleauthenticationticket, ortoken, is trusted across multiple IT systems... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federated_identity |
Identity driven networking(IDN) is the process of applyingnetwork controlsto anetwork deviceaccess based on the identity of an individual or a group of individuals responsible to or operating the device.[1]Individuals are identified, and the network is tuned to respond to their presence by context.
TheOSI modelprovide... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_driven_networking |
Identity and access management(IAMorIdAM) orIdentity management(IdM), is a framework of policies and technologies to ensure that the right users (that are part of theecosystemconnected to or within an enterprise) have the appropriate access to technology resources. IAM systems fall under the overarching umbrellas ofIT ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_management_system |
Adata infrastructureis adigital infrastructurepromotingdata sharingand consumption.
Similarly to otherinfrastructures, it is a structure needed for the operation of a society as well as the services and facilities necessary for an economy to function, the data economy in this case.
There is an intense discussion at i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_infrastructure |
Information science[1][2][3]is an academic field which is primarily concerned withanalysis, collection,classification, manipulation, storage,retrieval, movement, dissemination, and protection ofinformation.[4]Practitioners within and outside the field study the application and the usage of knowledge inorganizationsin ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_science |
Information technology infrastructureis defined broadly as a set ofinformation technology(IT) components that are the foundation of an IT service; typically physical components (computerandnetworking hardwareand facilities), but also varioussoftwareandnetworkcomponents.[1][2]
According to theITILFoundation Course Glos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IT_infrastructure |
Genetic privacyinvolves the concept of personalprivacyconcerning the storing, repurposing, provision to third parties, and displaying of information pertaining to one'sgenetic information.[1][2]This concept also encompasses privacy regarding the ability to identify specific individuals by theirgenetic sequence, and the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_privacy |
Youth wings
Subnational
Multi-national
Pirate Partyis a label adopted by variouspolitical partiesworldwide that share a set of values and policies focused oncivil rightsin the digital age.[1][2][3][4]The fundamental principles of Pirate Parties includefreedom of information,freedom of the press,freedom of expression... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_Party |
Privacy(UK:/ˈprɪvəsi/,US:/ˈpraɪ-/)[1][2]is the ability of an individual or group to seclude themselves orinformationabout themselves, and thereby express themselves selectively.
The domain of privacy partially overlaps withsecurity, which can include the concepts of appropriate use andprotection of information. Privac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy |
Privacy-enhancing technologies(PET) are technologies that embody fundamental data protection principles by minimizing personal data use, maximizing data security, and empowering individuals. PETs allowonline usersto protect theprivacyof theirpersonally identifiable information(PII), which is often provided to and handl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy_enhancing_technologies |
Web literacyrefers to the skills and competencies needed for reading, writing, and participating on the web.[1]It has been described as "both content and activity" meaning that web users should not just learn about the web but also about how to make their own website.[2]
In the late 1990s, literacy researchers began t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_literacy |
Early research and development:
Merging the networks and creating the Internet:
Commercialization, privatization, broader access leads to the modern Internet:
Examples of Internet services:
Information and communications technology(ICT) is an extensional term forinformation technology(IT) that stresses the role ofu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_and_communications_technology |
The followingoutlineis provided as an overview of and topical guide to information technology:
Information technology(IT) –microelectronicsbased combination ofcomputingandtelecommunicationstechnologyto treatinformation, including in the acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictorial, textual an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_information_technology |
Aknowledge societygenerates, shares, and makes available to all members of thesocietyknowledge that may be used to improve thehuman condition.[1]A knowledge society differs from aninformation societyin that the former serves to transform information into resources that allow society to take effective action, while the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_society |
ITIL(previously and also known asInformation Technology Infrastructure Library)is a framework with a set of practices (previously processes) for IT activities such asIT service management(ITSM) andIT asset management(ITAM) that focus on aligning IT services with the needs of the business.[1]
ITIL describes best practi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure_Management_Services |
ITIL(previously and also known asInformation Technology Infrastructure Library)is a framework with a set of practices (previously processes) for IT activities such asIT service management(ITSM) andIT asset management(ITAM) that focus on aligning IT services with the needs of the business.[1]
ITIL describes best practi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITIL_v3 |
Microsoft Operations Framework(MOF)4.0is a series of guides aimed at helpinginformation technology(IT) professionals establish and implement reliable, cost-effective services.
MOF 4.0 was created to provide guidance across the entire IT life cycle. Completed in early 2008, MOF 4.0 integrates community-generated proces... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Operations_Framework |
Information security management(ISM) defines and manages controls that an organization needs to implement to ensure that it is sensibly protecting theconfidentiality, availability, and integrity ofassetsfromthreatsandvulnerabilities. The core of ISM includesinformation risk management, a process that involves the asses... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_security_management_system |
COBIT(Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies) is a framework created byISACAforinformation technology (IT) managementandIT governance.[1]
The framework is business focused and defines a set of generic processes for the management of IT, with each process defined together with process inputs and ou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBIT |
TheCapability Maturity Model(CMM) is a development model created in 1986 after a study of data collected from organizations that contracted with theU.S. Department of Defense, who funded the research. The term "maturity" relates to the degree of formality andoptimizationof processes, fromad hocpractices, to formally d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capability_Maturity_Model |
TheInformation Services Procurement Library(ISPL) is a best practice library for the management ofInformation Technologyrelatedacquisitionprocesses (derived fromEuromethod). It helps both the customer and supplier organization to achieve the desired quality using the corresponded amount of time and money by providing m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISPL |
Technology education[1]is the study oftechnology, in which students "learn about the processes and knowledge related to technology".[2]As a field of study, it covers the human's ability to shape and change the physical world to meet needs, by manipulating materials andtoolswith techniques. It addresses the disconnect b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tech_ed |
Risk managementis the identification, evaluation, and prioritization ofrisks,[1]followed by the minimization, monitoring, and control of the impact or probability of those risks occurring.[2]Risks can come from various sources (i.e,threats) including uncertainty ininternational markets,political instability, dangers of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk_management |
Amassive open online course(MOOC/muːk/) or anopen online courseis anonline courseaimed at unlimited participation andopen accessvia theWeb.[1]In addition to traditional course materials, such as filmed lectures, readings, andproblem sets, many MOOCs provideinteractive courseswith user forums or social media discussions... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massive_open_online_course |
Karlstad University(SwedishKarlstads universitet) is a stateuniversityinKarlstad,Sweden. It was originally established as the Karlstad campus of theUniversity of Gothenburgin 1967, and this campus became an independentuniversity collegein 1977 which was granted full university status in 1999 by theGovernment of Sweden.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlstad_University |
Acypherpunkis one who advocates the widespread use of strongcryptographyandprivacy-enhancing technologiesas a means of effecting social and political change. The cypherpunk movement originated in the late 1980s and gained traction with the establishment of the "Cypherpunks"electronic mailing listin 1992, where informal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypherpunk |
Digital credentialsare the digital equivalent of paper-basedcredentials. Just as a paper-based credential could be apassport, adriver's license, a membership certificate or some kind of ticket to obtain some service, such as a cinema ticket or a public transport ticket, a digital credential is a proof of qualification,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_credential |
Digital self-determinationis amultidisciplinaryconcept derived from the legal concept ofself-determinationand applied to the digital sphere, to address the unique challenges to individual and collectiveagencyandautonomyarising with increasingdigitalizationof many aspects of society and daily life.
There is no philosop... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_self-determination |
Enhanced Privacy ID(EPID) is Intel Corporation's recommended algorithm forattestationof atrusted systemwhile preserving privacy. It has been incorporated in several Intel chipsets since 2008 and Intel processors since 2011. At RSAC 2016 Intel disclosed that it has shipped over 2.4B EPID keys since 2008.[1]EPID complies... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_privacy_ID |
Data processingis thecollectionand manipulation of digital data to produce meaningful information.[1]Data processing is a form ofinformation processing, which is the modification (processing) of information in any manner detectable by an observer.[note 1]
Data processing may involve various processes, including:
TheU... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_processing |
Privacy engineeringis an emerging field of engineering which aims to provide methodologies, tools, and techniques to ensure systems provide acceptable levels ofprivacy. Its focus lies in organizing and assessing methods to identify and tackle privacy concerns within the engineering ofinformation systems.[1]
In theUS, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy_Engineering |
Privacy-Enhanced Mail(PEM) is ade factofile format for storing and sending cryptographickeys,certificates, and other data, based on a set of 1993IETFstandards defining "privacy-enhanced mail." While the original standards were never broadly adopted and were supplanted byPGPandS/MIME, the textual encoding they defined b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy-enhanced_Electronic_Mail |
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