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In computer science, a"let" expressionassociates afunctiondefinition with a restrictedscope.
The"let" expressionmay also be defined in mathematics, where it associates a Boolean condition with a restricted scope.
The "let" expression may be considered as alambda abstractionapplied to a value. Within mathematics, a l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let_expression |
Inphilosophy, anactionis something anagentdoes. Actions contrast with events which merely happen to someone and are typically performed for apurposeand guided by anintention.[1][2]The first question in thephilosophy of actionis to determine how actions differ from other forms of behavior, likeinvoluntary reflexes.[3][4... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_(philosophy)#Basic_and_non-basic |
Value theory, also calledaxiology, studies the nature, sources, and types ofvalues. It is a branch ofphilosophyand an interdisciplinary field closely associated withsocial sciencessuch aseconomics,sociology,anthropology, andpsychology.
Value is the worth of something, usually understood as a degree that covers both po... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiology#Intrinsic_value |
Bradley's regressis a philosophical problem concerning the nature ofrelations. It is named afterF. H. Bradleywho discussed the problem in his 1893 bookAppearance and Reality. It bears a close kinship to the issue of theunity of the proposition.
Bradley raises the problem while discussing thebundle theoryof objects, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradley%27s_regress |
Thechicken or the eggcausalitydilemmais commonly stated as the question, "which came first: thechickenor theegg?" The dilemma stems from the observation that all chickens hatch from eggs and all chicken eggs are laid by chickens. "Chicken-and-egg" is a metaphoric adjective describing situations where it is not clear wh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken_or_the_egg |
Theunmoved mover(Ancient Greek:ὃ οὐ κινούμενον κινεῖ,romanized:ho ou kinoúmenon kineî,lit.'that which moves without being moved')[1]orprime mover(Latin:primum movens) is a concept advanced byAristotleas a primarycause(orfirst uncaused cause)[2]or "mover" of all the motion in theuniverse.[3]As is implicit in the name, t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_cause |
Inepistemology, theMünchhausen trilemmais athought experimentintended to demonstrate the theoretical impossibility ofprovinganytruth, even in the fields oflogicandmathematics, without appealing to acceptedassumptions. If it is asked how any givenpropositionis known to be true, proof in support of that proposition may b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchhausen_trilemma |
"The Unreality of Time" is the best-known philosophical work ofUniversity of CambridgeidealistJ. M. E. McTaggart(1866–1925). In the argument, first published as a journal article inMindin 1908, McTaggart argues that time is unreal because our descriptions of time are either contradictory, circular, or insufficient. A s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Unreality_of_Time#The_contradiction_of_the_A-series |
Parmenides(Greek:Παρμενίδης) is one of thedialoguesofPlato. It is widely considered to be one of the most challenging and enigmatic ofPlato's dialogues.[1][2][3]TheParmenidespurports to be an account of a meeting between the two great philosophers of theEleatic school,ParmenidesandZeno of Elea, and a youngSocrates. The... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_man_argument |
"What the Tortoise Said to Achilles",[1]written byLewis Carrollin 1895 for the philosophical journalMind,[1]is a brief allegorical dialogue on the foundations oflogic.[1]The titlealludesto one ofZeno's paradoxes of motion,[2]in whichAchillescould never overtake thetortoisein a race. In Carroll's dialogue, the tortoise ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_the_Tortoise_Said_to_Achilles |
Zeno's paradoxesare a series ofphilosophicalargumentspresented by theancient GreekphilosopherZeno of Elea(c. 490–430 BC),[1][2]primarily known through the works ofPlato,Aristotle, and later commentators likeSimplicius of Cilicia.[2]Zeno devised these paradoxes to support his teacherParmenides's philosophy ofmonism, whi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno%27s_paradoxes |
Originally,fallibilism(fromMedieval Latin:fallibilis, "liable to error") is the philosophical principle thatpropositionscan be accepted even though they cannot be conclusively proven orjustified,[1][2]or that neitherknowledgenorbeliefiscertain.[3]The term was coined in the late nineteenth century by the American philos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallibilism |
Finitismis aphilosophy of mathematicsthat accepts the existence only offinitemathematical objects. It is best understood in comparison to the mainstream philosophy of mathematics where infinite mathematical objects (e.g.,infinite sets) are accepted as existing.
The main idea of finitistic mathematics is not accepting ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finitism |
Perspectivism(also calledperspectivalism) is theepistemological principlethatperceptionof andknowledgeof something are always bound to the interpretiveperspectivesof those observing it. While perspectivismdoes notregard all perspectives and interpretations as being of equaltruthorvalue, it holds that no one has access ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perspectivism |
Infinite regressis aphilosophicalconcept to describe a series of entities. Each entity in the series depends on its predecessor, following arecursiveprinciple. For example, theepistemic regressis a series of beliefs in which thejustificationof each belief depends on the justification of the belief that comes before it.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regress_argument |
Relativismis a family ofphilosophicalviews which deny claims toobjectivitywithin a particular domain and assert that valuations in that domain are relative to the perspective of an observer or the context in which they are assessed.[1]
There are many different forms of relativism, with a great deal of variation in sco... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativism |
Acorner reflectoris aretroreflectorconsisting of three mutuallyperpendicular,intersectingflat reflective surfaces. It reflectswavesincident from any direction directly towards the source, buttranslated. The three intersecting surfaces often are triangles (forming atetrahedron) or may have square shapes. Radar corner... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corner_reflector |
Akaleidoscope(/kəˈlaɪdəskoʊp/) is anoptical instrumentwith two or more reflecting surfaces (ormirrors) tilted to each other at anangle, so that one or more (parts of) objects on one end of these mirrors are shown as asymmetricalpattern when viewed from the other end, due to repeatedreflection. These reflectors are usua... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaleidoscope |
Amirror image(in a plane mirror) is areflectedduplication of an object that appears almost identical, but is reversed in the direction perpendicular to the mirror surface. As anoptical effect, it results fromspecular reflectionoff from surfaces of lustrous materials, especially amirrororwater. It is also a concept inge... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror_image |
Anoptical cavity,resonating cavityoroptical resonatoris an arrangement ofmirrorsor other optical elements that confineslight wavessimilarly to how acavity resonatorconfines microwaves. Optical cavities are a major component oflasers, surrounding thegain mediumand providingfeedbackof the laser light. They are also used ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_cavity |
Recursionoccurs when the definition of a concept or process depends on a simpler or previous version of itself.[1]Recursion is used in a variety of disciplines ranging fromlinguisticstologic. The most common application of recursion is inmathematicsandcomputer science, where afunctionbeing defined is applied within its... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion#In_art |
In the mathematical theory ofdynamical systems, anirrational rotationis amap
whereθis anirrational number. Under the identification of acirclewithR/Z, or with the interval[0, 1]with the boundary points glued together, this map becomes arotationof acircleby a proportionθof a full revolution (i.e., an angle of2πθradians... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrational_rotation |
Incomputational mathematics, aniterative methodis amathematical procedurethat uses an initial value to generate a sequence of improving approximate solutions for a class of problems, in which thei-th approximation (called an "iterate") is derived from the previous ones.
A specific implementation withterminationcriteri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterative_method |
Inmathematics, therotation numberis aninvariantofhomeomorphismsof thecircle.
It was first defined byHenri Poincaréin 1885, in relation to theprecessionof theperihelionof aplanetary orbit. Poincaré later proved a theorem characterizing the existence ofperiodic orbitsin terms ofrationalityof the rotation number.
Suppos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_number |
Inmathematics,Sharkovskii's theorem(also spelledSharkovsky,Sharkovskiy,ŠarkovskiiorSarkovskii), named afterOleksandr Mykolayovych Sharkovsky, who published it in 1964, is a result aboutdiscrete dynamical systems.[1]One of the implications of the theorem is that if a discrete dynamical system on thereal linehas aperiodi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarkovskii%27s_theorem |
Inmathematics, arecurrence relationis anequationaccording to which then{\displaystyle n}th term of asequenceof numbers is equal to some combination of the previous terms. Often, onlyk{\displaystyle k}previous terms of the sequence appear in the equation, for a parameterk{\displaystyle k}that is independent ofn{\display... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrence_relation |
TheAbel equation, named afterNiels Henrik Abel, is a type offunctional equationof the form
or
The forms are equivalent whenαisinvertible.horαcontrol theiterationoff.
The second equation can be written
Takingx=α−1(y), the equation can be written
For a known functionf(x), a problem is to solve the functional equatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel_function |
Böttcher's equation, named afterLucjan Böttcher, is thefunctional equation
where
Thelogarithmof this functional equation amounts toSchröder's equation.
Solution offunctional equationis afunctioninimplicit form.
Lucian Emil Böttchersketched a proof in 1904 on the existence of solution: an analytic functionFin a neig... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6ttcher%27s_equation |
Inmathematics,tetration(orhyper-4) is anoperationbased oniterated, or repeated,exponentiation. There is no standardnotationfor tetration, thoughKnuth's up arrow notation↑↑{\displaystyle \uparrow \uparrow }and the left-exponentxb{\displaystyle {}^{x}b}are common.
Under the definition as repeated exponentiation,na{\disp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetration |
Induction puzzlesarelogic puzzles, which are examples ofmulti-agent reasoning, where the solution evolves along with the principle ofinduction.[1][2]
A puzzle's scenario always involves multiple players with the same reasoning capability, who go through the same reasoning steps. According to the principle of induction... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induction_puzzles |
Proof by exhaustion, also known asproof by cases,proof by case analysis,complete inductionor thebrute force method, is a method ofmathematical proofin which the statement to be proved is split into a finite number of cases or sets of equivalent cases, and where each type of case is checked to see if the proposition in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_by_exhaustion |
Mise en abyme(also mise-en-abîme, French "put in the abyss", [miːz ɒn əˈbɪːm]) is a transgeneric and transmedial technique that can occur in any literary genre, incomics,film,paintingor other media. It is a form of similarity and/or repetition, and hence a variant of self-reference.Mise en abymepresupposes at least two... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mise_en_abyme_(in_literature_and_other_media) |
Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid(abbreviated asGEB) is a 1979 nonfiction book by American cognitive scientistDouglas Hofstadter.
By exploring common themes in the lives and works of logicianKurt Gödel, artistM. C. Escher, and composerJohann Sebastian Bach, the book expounds concepts fundamental tomathemati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6del,_Escher,_Bach |
Macbeth(also known asThe Tragedy of MacbethorRoman Polanski's Film of Macbeth) is a 1971historical drama filmdirected byRoman Polanski, and co-written by Polanski andKenneth Tynan. Afilm adaptationofWilliam Shakespeare's tragedy of thesame name, it tells the story of theHighlandlord who becomes King of Scotland through... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macbeth_(1971_film) |
Meta-reference(ormetareference) is a category ofself-referencesoccurring in many media ormedia artifactslike published texts/documents, films, paintings, TV series, comic strips, or video games. It includes all references to, or comments on, a specific medium, medial artifact, or the media in general. These references... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta-reference |
Print Gallery(Dutch:Prentententoonstelling) is alithographprinted in 1956 by theDutchartistM. C. Escher. It depicts a man in a gallery viewing a print of a seaport, and among the buildings in the seaport is the very gallery in which he is standing, making use of theDroste effectwith visualrecursion.[1]The lithograph ha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Print_Gallery_(M._C._Escher) |
Astory within a story, also referred to as anembedded narrative, is aliterary devicein which a character within astorybecomes the narrator of a second story (within the first one).[1]Multiple layers of stories within stories are sometimes callednested stories. A play may have a brief play within it, such as in Shakespe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Story_within_a_story |
Tamanna(Urdu:تمنا;transl.Desire) is2014British-Pakistani filmdistributed by Royal Palm Group t/a Summit Entertainment (Pak) and Super Cinema andARY Filmsand produced by Concordia Productions. A drama in theneo-noirgenre[3]the film is directed by aBritishdirector Steven Moore and produced by Pakistani producerSarah Tare... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamanna_(2014_film) |
Inanalytic philosophyandcomputer science,referential transparencyandreferential opacityare properties of linguistic constructions,[a]and by extension of languages. A linguistic construction is calledreferentially transparentwhen for any expression built from it,replacinga subexpression with another one thatdenotesthe s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referential_transparency |
A Strange Loopis a musical with book, music, and lyrics byMichael R. Jackson, and winner of the 2020Pulitzer Prize for Drama.[1]First producedoff-Broadwayin 2019, then staged inWashington, D.C.in 2021,[2]A Strange Looppremiered on Broadway at theLyceum Theatrein April 2022.[3][4]The show wonBest MusicalandBest Book of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Strange_Loop |
Broadway theatre,[nb 1]orBroadway, is a theater genre that consists of thetheatrical performancespresented in 41 professionaltheaters, each with 500 or more seats, in theTheater DistrictandLincoln CenteralongBroadway, inMidtown Manhattan, New York City.[1][2]Broadway andLondon'sWest Endtogether represent the highest co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadway_theatre |
Musical theatreis a form oftheatricalperformance that combines songs, spokendialogue, acting and dance. The story and emotional content of a musical – humor,pathos, love, anger – are communicated through words, music, movement and technical aspects of the entertainment as an integrated whole. Although musical theatre o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_theatre |
Michael R. Jackson(born 1981)[1]is an American playwright, composer, and lyricist, best known for his musicalA Strange Loop, which won the 2020Pulitzer Prize for Dramaand the 2022Tony Award for Best Musical. He is originally from Detroit.
Jackson interned for a time at ABC, working on daytime programming, specifically... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_R._Jackson |
Absurdismis thephilosophicaltheory that the universe isirrationaland meaningless. It states that trying to find meaning leads people into conflict with a seemingly meaningless world. This conflict can be betweenrationalman and an irrational universe, betweenintentionand outcome, or betweensubjectiveassessment and objec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absurdism |
The termautopoiesis(fromGreekαὐτo-(auto)'self'andποίησις(poiesis)'creation, production'), one of several current theories of life, refers to asystemcapable of producing and maintaining itself by creating its own parts.[1]The term was introduced in the 1972 publicationAutopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Li... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autopoiesis |
Atemporal paradox,time paradox, ortime travel paradox, is aparadox, an apparent contradiction, or logical contradiction associated with the idea oftime travelor other foreknowledge of the future. While the notion of time travel to the future complies with the current understanding of physics via relativistictime dilati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_loop |
Adilemma(fromAncient Greekδίλημμα(dílēmma)'doubleproposition') is aproblemoffering two possibilities, neither of which is unambiguously acceptable or preferable. The possibilities are termed thehornsof the dilemma, aclichédusage, but distinguishing the dilemma from other kinds of predicament as a matter of usage.[1]
T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilemma |
TheEuthyphro dilemmais found inPlato's dialogueEuthyphro, in whichSocratesasksEuthyphro, "Is thepious(τὸ ὅσιον) loved by thegodsbecause it is pious, or is it pious because it is loved by the gods?" (10a)
Although it was originally applied to the ancientGreek pantheon, the dilemma has implications for modernmonotheisti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euthyphro_dilemma |
Atemporal paradox,time paradox, ortime travel paradox, is aparadox, an apparent contradiction, or logical contradiction associated with the idea oftime travelor other foreknowledge of the future. While the notion of time travel to the future complies with the current understanding of physics via relativistictime dilati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandfather_paradox |
Thehysteron proteron(from theGreek:ὕστερον πρότερον,hýsteron próteron, "later earlier") is arhetoricaldevice. It occurs when the first key word of the idea refers to something that happens temporally later than the second key word. The goal is to call attention to the more important idea by placing it first.[1]
The st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hysteron_proteron |
Inmathematics, theKlein bottle(/ˈklaɪn/) is an example of anon-orientablesurface; that is, informally, a one-sided surface which, if traveled upon, could be followed back to the point of origin while flipping the traveler upside down. More formally, the Klein bottle is atwo-dimensionalmanifoldon which one cannot define... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klein_bottle |
Meno(/ˈmiːnoʊ/;Ancient Greek:Μένων,Ménōn) is aSocratic dialoguewritten byPlatoaround 385 BC., but set at an earlier date around 402 BC.[1]Menobegins the dialogue by asking Socrates whethervirtue(inAncient Greek:ἀρετή,aretē) can be taught, acquired by practice, or comes bynature.[2]In order to determine whether virtue i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meno |
Metamorphic codeis code that when run outputs alogically equivalentversion of its own code under someinterpretation. This is similar to aquine, except that a quine'ssource codeis exactly equivalent to its own output. Metamorphic code also usually outputsmachine codeand not its own source code.
Metamorphic code is used... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamorphic_code |
Inmathematics, aMöbius strip,Möbius band, orMöbius loop[a]is asurfacethat can be formed by attaching the ends of a strip of paper together with a half-twist. As a mathematical object, it was discovered byJohann Benedict ListingandAugust Ferdinand Möbiusin 1858, but it had already appeared inRomanmosaics from the third ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6bius_strip |
Atemporal paradox,time paradox, ortime travel paradox, is aparadox, an apparent contradiction, or logical contradiction associated with the idea oftime travelor other foreknowledge of the future. While the notion of time travel to the future complies with the current understanding of physics via relativistictime dilati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontological_paradox |
Theouroborosoruroboros(/ˌjʊərəˈbɒrəs/;[2]/ˌʊərəˈbɒrəs/[3]) is an ancientsymboldepicting asnakeordragon[4]eating its own tail. The ouroboros entered Western tradition viaancient Egyptian iconographyand theGreek magical tradition. It was adopted as a symbol inGnosticismandHermeticismand, most notably, inalchemy. Some sna... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouroboros |
ThePenrose stairsorPenrose steps, also dubbed theimpossible staircase, is animpossible objectcreated byOscar Reutersvärdin 1937[1][2][3][4]and later independently discovered and made popular byLionel Penroseand his sonRoger Penrose.[5]A variation on thePenrose triangle, it is a two-dimensional depiction of a staircase ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penrose_stairs |
Perpetual motionis the motion of bodies that continues forever in an unperturbed system. Aperpetual motion machineis a hypothetical machine that can do work indefinitely without an externalenergysource. This kind of machine is impossible, since its existence would violate thefirstand/orsecondlaws of thermodynamics.[2][... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpetual_motion |
Thephoenixis alegendaryimmortal bird that cyclically regenerates or is otherwise born again. Originating inGreek mythology, it has analogs in many cultures, such asEgyptianandPersian mythology. Associated with the sun, a phoenix obtains new life by rising from theashesof its predecessor. Some legends say it dies in a s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_(mythology) |
Pitch circularityis a fixed series oftonesthat are perceived to ascend or descend endlessly inpitch. It's an example of anauditory illusion.
Pitch is often defined as extending along a one-dimensionalcontinuumfrom high to low, as can be experienced by sweeping one’s hand up or down a piano keyboard. This continuum is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_circularity |
Polytely(fromGreekrootspoly-and-tel-meaning "many goals") comprises complexproblem-solvingsituations characterized by the presence of multiple simultaneous goals.[1]These goals may be contradictory or otherwise conflict with one another, requiring prioritisation of desired outcomes.[1]
Polytely is a feature of complex... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polytely |
Atemporal paradox,time paradox, ortime travel paradox, is aparadox, an apparent contradiction, or logical contradiction associated with the idea oftime travelor other foreknowledge of the future. While the notion of time travel to the future complies with the current understanding of physics via relativistictime dilati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predestination_paradox |
Inepistemology, and more specifically, thesociology of knowledge,reflexivityrefers to circular relationships betweencause and effect, especially as embedded in human belief structures. A reflexive relationship is multi-directional when the causes and the effects affect the reflexive agent in a layered or complex sociol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexivity_(social_theory) |
Rock paper scissors(also known by several other names and word orders, see§ Names) is anintransitivehand game, usually played between two people, in which each player simultaneously forms one of three shapes with an outstretched hand. These shapes are "rock" (a closed fist), "paper" (a flat hand), and "scissors" (a fis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_paper_scissors |
AShepard tone, named afterRoger Shepard, is a sound consisting of asuperpositionofsine wavesseparated byoctaves. When played with the basspitchof the tone moving upward or downward, it is referred to as theShepard scale. This creates theauditory illusionof a tone that seems to continually ascend or descend in pitch, ye... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepard_tone |
Thethree hares(orthree rabbits) is a circularmotifappearing insacred sitesfromEast Asia, theMiddle Eastand the churches ofDevon, England (as the "Tinners' Rabbits"),[1]and historical synagogues in Europe.[2][better source needed]It is used as an architecturalornament, a religioussymbol, and in other modernworks of art[... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_hares |
Inmathematics, theaxiom of regularity(also known as theaxiom of foundation) is an axiom ofZermelo–Fraenkel set theorythat states that everynon-emptysetAcontains an element that isdisjointfromA. Infirst-order logic, the axiom reads:
∀x(x≠∅→(∃y∈x)(y∩x=∅)).{\displaystyle \forall x\,(x\neq \varnothing \rightarrow (\exists... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom_of_foundation |
TheCartesian theateris a term coined by philosopher and cognitive scientistDaniel Dennettto critique a persistent flaw in theories of mind, introduced in his 1991 bookConsciousness Explained.
It mockingly describes the idea of consciousness as a centralized "stage" in the brain where perceptions are presented to an in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesian_theater |
Discworldis acomic fantasy[1]book serieswritten by the English author SirTerry Pratchett, set on theDiscworld, aflat planetbalanced on the backs of four elephants which in turn stand on the back of a giant turtle. The series began in 1983 withThe Colour of Magicand continued until the final novelThe Shepherd's Crown, w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discworld |
"God of the gaps" is atheologicalconcept that emerged in the19th century, and revolves around the idea that gaps inscientificunderstanding are regarded as indications of theexistence of God.[1][2]This perspective has its origins in the observation that some individuals, often withreligiousinclinations, point to areas w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_of_the_gaps |
Kurma(Sanskrit:कूर्म,lit.'Turtle' or 'Tortoise'), is the secondavatarof theHindupreserver deity,Vishnu. Originating inVedicliterature such as theYajurvedaas being synonymous with theSaptarishicalledKashyapa, Kurma is most commonly associated in post-Vedic literature such as thePuranas. He prominently appears in the leg... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurma |
Inclassical, medieval, and Renaissance astronomy, thePrimum Mobile(Latin: "first movable") was the outermost movingspherein thegeocentric modelof theuniverse.[1]
The concept was introduced byPtolemyto account for the apparentdaily motionof the heavens around the Earth, producing the east-to-west rising and setting of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primum_Mobile |
Theunmoved mover(Ancient Greek:ὃ οὐ κινούμενον κινεῖ,romanized:ho ou kinoúmenon kineî,lit.'that which moves without being moved')[1]orprime mover(Latin:primum movens) is a concept advanced byAristotleas a primarycause(orfirst uncaused cause)[2]or "mover" of all the motion in theuniverse.[3]As is implicit in the name, t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmoved_mover |
Inphilosophy, theproblem of the creator of Godis the controversy regarding the hypotheticalcauseresponsible for theexistence of God, assuming God exists. It contests the proposition that the universe cannot exist without acreatorby asserting that the creator of theUniversemust have the same restrictions. This, in turn,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_the_creator_of_God |
Pyrrhonismis an Ancient Greek school ofphilosophical skepticismwhich rejects dogma and advocates thesuspension of judgementover the truth of all beliefs. It was founded byAenesidemusin the first century BCE, and said to have been inspired by the teachings ofPyrrhoandTimon of Phliusin the fourth century BCE.[1]
Pyrrhon... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrrhonism |
"Siphonaptera" is a name used[1]to refer to the following rhyme byAugustus De Morgan(Siphonapterabeing thebiological orderto which fleas belong):
Great fleas have little fleas upon their backs to bite 'em,And little fleas have lesser fleas, and soad infinitum.And the great fleas themselves, in turn, have greater fleas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siphonaptera_(poem) |
Theteleological argument(fromτέλος,telos, 'end, aim, goal') also known asphysico-theological argument,argument from design, orintelligent design argument, is arationalargument for theexistence of Godor, more generally, that complex functionality in the natural world, which looks designed, is evidence of an intelligent ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleological_argument |
Transfinite inductionis an extension ofmathematical inductiontowell-ordered sets, for example to sets ofordinal numbersorcardinal numbers. Its correctness is a theorem ofZFC.[1]
LetP(α){\displaystyle P(\alpha )}be apropertydefined for all ordinalsα{\displaystyle \alpha }. Suppose that wheneverP(β){\displaystyle P(\bet... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfinite_induction |
Turtle Islandis a name forEarth[1]orNorth America, used by someAmerican Indigenous peoples, as well as by someIndigenous rights activists. The name is based on acreation mythcommon to severalindigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlandsof North America.[2]
A number of contemporary works continue to use and/or tell ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtle_Island_(Native_American_folklore) |
TheWorld Turtle, also called theCosmic Turtleor theWorld-Bearing Turtle, is amythemeof a giantturtle(ortortoise) supporting or containingthe world. It occurs inHinduism,Chinese mythology, and themythologies of some of the indigenous peoples of the Americas. Thecomparative mythologyof theWorld-Tortoisediscussed byEdward... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Turtle |
Yertle the Turtle and Other Storiesis apicture bookcollection byTheodor Seuss Geisel, published under his more commonly knownpseudonymofDr. Seuss. It was first released byRandom HouseBooks on April 12, 1958, and is written in Seuss's trademark style, using a type ofmetercalledanapestic tetrameter. Though it contains th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yertle_the_Turtle_and_Other_Stories |
Instatistics, acontingency table(also known as across tabulationorcrosstab) is a type oftablein amatrixformat that displays the multivariatefrequency distributionof the variables. They are heavily used in survey research, business intelligence, engineering, and scientific research. They provide a basic picture of the i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-tabulation |
Instatistics, acontingency table(also known as across tabulationorcrosstab) is a type oftablein amatrixformat that displays the multivariatefrequency distributionof the variables. They are heavily used in survey research, business intelligence, engineering, and scientific research. They provide a basic picture of the i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contingency_table |
Data drilling(alsodrilldown) refers to any of various operations and transformations on tabular, relational, and multidimensional data. The term has widespread use in various contexts, but is primarily associated with specializedsoftwaredesigned specifically fordata analysis.
There are certain operations that are comm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_drilling |
Extract, transform, load(ETL) is a three-phasecomputingprocess where data isextractedfrom an input source,transformed(includingcleaning), andloadedinto an output data container. The data can be collected from one or more sources and it can also be output to one or more destinations. ETL processing is typically executed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extract,_transform,_load |
AGROUP BYstatement inSQLspecifies that a SQLSELECTstatement partitions result rows into groups, based on their values in one or several columns. Typically, grouping is used to apply some sort ofaggregate functionfor each group.[1][2]
The result of a query using aGROUP BYstatement contains one row for each group. This ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_by_(SQL) |
AnOLAP cubeis amulti-dimensional arrayof data.[1]Online analytical processing(OLAP)[2]is a computer-based technique of analyzing data to look for insights. The termcubehere refers to a multi-dimensional dataset, which is also sometimes called ahypercubeif the number of dimensions is greater than three.
A cube can be c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLAP_cube |
Apivot tableis atableof values which are aggregations of groups of individual values from a more extensive table (such as from adatabase,spreadsheet, orbusiness intelligence program) within one or more discrete categories. The aggregations or summaries of the groups of the individual terms might include sums, averages,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pivot_table |
Some branches ofeconomicsandgame theorydeal withindivisible goods, discrete items that can be traded only as a whole. For example, in combinatorial auctions there is a finite set of items, and every agent can buy a subset of the items, but an item cannot be divided among two or more agents.
It is usually assumed that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_functions_on_indivisible_goods#Aggregates_of_utility_functions |
XML for Analysis(XMLA) is an industry standard for data access in analytical systems, such asonline analytical processing(OLAP) anddata mining. XMLA is based on other industry standards such asXML,SOAPandHTTP. XMLA is maintained byXMLA CouncilwithMicrosoft,HyperionandSAS Institutebeing the XMLA Council founder members.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_for_Analysis |
AggregateIQ(AIQ) previously known as SCL Canada is a Canadianpolitical consultancyandtechnology company, based inVictoria, British Columbia.[1]
AIQ was founded in 2013 by Zack Massingham, a former university administrator and Jeff Silvester.[2]As of February 2017, AIQ employed 20 people and was based in downtown Victo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AggregateIQ |
Inmathematics, aunary operationis anoperationwith only oneoperand, i.e. a single input.[1]This is in contrast tobinary operations, which use two operands.[2]An example is anyfunctionf:A→A{\displaystyle f:A\rightarrow A}, whereAis aset; the functionf{\displaystyle f}is a unary operation onA.
Common notations arepre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unary_operation |
Inmathematics, aunary functionis afunctionthat takes oneargument. Aunary operatorbelongs to a subset of unary functions, in that itscodomaincoincides with itsdomain. In contrast, a unary function's domain need not coincide with its range.
Thesuccessor function, denotedsucc{\displaystyle \operatorname {succ} }, is a un... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unary_function |
Inmathematics, abinary operationordyadic operationis a rule for combining twoelements(calledoperands) to produce another element. More formally, a binary operation is anoperationofaritytwo.
More specifically, abinary operationon asetis abinary functionthat maps everypairof elements of the set to an element of the set.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_operation |
Inmathematics, abinary function(also calledbivariate function, orfunction of two variables) is afunctionthat takes two inputs.
Precisely stated, a functionf{\displaystyle f}is binary if there existssetsX,Y,Z{\displaystyle X,Y,Z}such that
whereX×Y{\displaystyle X\times Y}is theCartesian productofX{\displaystyle X}andY... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_function |
Inmathematics, aternary operationis ann-aryoperationwithn= 3. A ternary operation on asetAtakes any given three elements ofAand combines them to form a single element ofA.
Incomputer science, aternary operatoris anoperatorthat takes threeargumentsas input and returns one output.[1]
ThefunctionT(a,b,c)=ab+c{\displayst... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ternary_operation |
Inmathematics, specifically incategory theory,F-algebrasgeneralize the notion ofalgebraic structure. Rewriting the algebraic laws in terms ofmorphismseliminates all references to quantified elements from the axioms, and these algebraic laws may then be glued together in terms of a singlefunctorF, thesignature.
F-algeb... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-algebra |
Incomputer science, and in particularfunctional programming, ahylomorphismis arecursivefunction, corresponding to thecompositionof ananamorphism(which first builds a set of results; also known as 'unfolding') followed by acatamorphism(which thenfoldsthese results into a finalreturn value). Fusion of these two recursive... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hylomorphism_(computer_science) |
Informal methodsofcomputer science, aparamorphism(fromGreekπαρά, meaning "close together")
is an extension of the concept ofcatamorphismfirst introduced byLambert Meertens[1]to deal with a form which “eats its argument and keeps it too”,[2][3]as exemplified by thefactorialfunction. Itscategorical dualis theapomorphism... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramorphism |
Informal methodsofcomputer science, anapomorphism(fromἀπό—Greekfor "apart") is thecategorical dualof aparamorphismand an extension of the concept ofanamorphism(coinduction). Whereas a paramorphism modelsprimitive recursionover aninductive data type, an apomorphism models primitivecorecursionover a coinductive data type... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apomorphism |
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