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Eliminative materialism(also calledeliminativism) is amaterialistposition in thephilosophy of mindthat expresses the idea that the majority ofmental statesinfolk psychologydo not exist.[1]Some supporters of eliminativism argue that no coherentneural basiswill be found for many everyday psychological concepts such asbel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliminative_materialism |
Quantum machine learningis the integration ofquantum algorithmswithinmachine learningprograms.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
The most common use of the term refers to machine learning algorithms for the analysis of classical data executed on aquantum computer, i.e. quantum-enhanced machine learning.[9][10][11]While machine ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_machine_learning |
CoDiis acellular automaton(CA) model forspiking neural networks(SNNs).[1]CoDi is an acronym for Collect and Distribute, referring to the signals and spikes in a neural network.
CoDi uses avon Neumann neighborhoodmodified for a three-dimensional space; each cell looks at the states of its six orthogonal neighbors and i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoDi |
Acognitive computeris a computer that hardwiresartificial intelligenceandmachine learningalgorithms into anintegrated circuitthat closely reproduces the behavior of the human brain.[1]It generally adopts aneuromorphic engineeringapproach. Synonyms includeneuromorphic chipandcognitive chip.[2][3]
In 2023, IBM's proof-o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_computer |
Computational neuroscience(also known astheoretical neuroscienceormathematical neuroscience) is a branch ofneurosciencewhich employsmathematics,computer science, theoretical analysis and abstractions of the brain to understand the principles that govern thedevelopment,structure,physiologyandcognitive abilitiesof thener... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_neuroscience |
Neuroethologyis the evolutionary and comparative approach to the study ofanimalbehavior and its underlying mechanistic control by the nervous system.[1][2][3]It is an interdisciplinary science that combines bothneuroscience(study of the nervous system) andethology(study of animal behavior in natural conditions). A cent... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroethology |
Neuroinformaticsis the emergent field that combinesinformaticsandneuroscience. Neuroinformatics is related with neuroscience data and information processing byartificial neural networks.[1]There are three main directions where neuroinformatics has to be applied:[2]
Neuroinformatics encompassesphilosophy(computational ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroinformatics |
Motion perceptionis the process of inferring the speed and direction of elements in a scene based onvisual,vestibularandproprioceptiveinputs. Although this process appears straightforward to most observers, it has proven to be a difficult problem from a computational perspective, and difficult to explain in terms ofneu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_perception |
Systems neuroscienceis a subdiscipline ofneuroscienceandsystems biologythat studies the structure and function of various neural circuits and systems that make up the central nervous system of an organism.[1]Systems neuroscience encompasses a number of areas of study concerned with hownerve cellsbehave when connected t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_neuroscience |
Adeductive classifieris a type ofartificial intelligenceinference engine. It takes as input a set of declarations in aframe languageabout a domain such as medical research or molecular biology. For example, the names ofclasses, sub-classes, properties, and restrictions on allowable values. The classifier determines if ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deductive_classifier |
Afaceted classificationis aclassification schemeused in organizing knowledge into a systematic order. A faceted classification uses semantic categories, either general or subject-specific, that are combined to create the full classification entry. Many library classification systems use a combination of a fixed, enumer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faceted_classification |
The field ofcomplex networkshas emerged as an important area of science to generate novel insights into nature of complex systems[1]The application of network theory toclimate scienceis a young and emerging field.[2][3][4]To identify and analyze patterns in global climate, scientists model climate data as complex netwo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_as_complex_networks |
Communicative ecologyis a conceptual model used in the field of media and communications research.
The model is used to analyse and represent the relationships betweensocial interactions,discourse, and communicationmediaand technology of individuals, collectives and networks in physical and digital environments. Broad... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communicative_ecology |
Core–periphery structureis anetwork theorymodel.
There are two main intuitions behind the definition of core–periphery network structures; one assumes that a network can only have one core, whereas the other allows for the possibility of multiple cores. These two intuitive conceptions serve as the basis for two modes ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core-periphery_structure |
In the mathematical field ofgraph theory, theErdős–Rényi modelrefers to one of two closely related models for generatingrandom graphsor theevolution of a random network. These models are named afterHungarianmathematiciansPaul ErdősandAlfréd Rényi, who introduced one of the models in 1959.[1][2]Edgar Gilbertintroduced t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erd%C5%91s%E2%80%93R%C3%A9nyi_model |
This is aglossary of graph theory.Graph theoryis the study ofgraphs, systems of nodes orverticesconnected in pairs by lines oredges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_graph_theory |
Innetwork science, agradient networkis a directedsubnetworkof an undirected "substrate"networkwhere eachnodehas an associatedscalar potentialand one out-link that points to the node with the smallest (or largest) potential in its neighborhood, defined as the union of itself and itsneighborson the substrate network.[1]
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradient_network |
Inmathematics,higher category theoryis the part ofcategory theoryat ahigher order, which means that some equalities are replaced by explicitarrowsin order to be able to explicitly study the structure behind those equalities. Higher category theory is often applied inalgebraic topology(especially inhomotopy theory), whe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_category_theory |
Theimmune network theoryis a theory of how theadaptive immune systemworks, that has been developed since 1974 mainly byNiels Jerne[1]andGeoffrey W. Hoffmann.[2][3]The theory states that the immune system is an interacting network of lymphocytes and molecules that have variable (V) regions. These V regions bind not only... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_network_theory |
Irregular warfare(IW) is defined inUnited Statesjoint doctrine as "a violent struggle among state and non-state actors for legitimacy and influence over the relevant populations" and in U.S. law as "Department of Defense activities not involving armed conflict that support predetermined United States policy and militar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irregular_warfare |
Network dynamicsis a research field for the study ofnetworkswhose status changes in time. The dynamics may refer to the structure of connections of the units of a network,[1][2]to the collective internal state of the network,[3][4]or both. The networked systems could be from the fields ofbiology,chemistry,physics,socio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_dynamics |
Network formationis an aspect ofnetwork sciencethat seeks to model how a network evolves by identifying which factors affect itsstructureand how these mechanisms operate. Network formationhypothesesare tested by using either a dynamic model with an increasing network size or by making anagent-based modelto determine wh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_formation |
Anetworkis an abstract structure capturing only the basics of connection patterns and little else. Because it is a generalized pattern, tools developed for analyzing,modelingand understanding networks can theoretically be implemented across disciplines. As long as a system can be represented by a network, there is an e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_theory_in_risk_assessment |
Network topologyis the arrangement of the elements (links,nodes, etc.) of a communication network.[1][2]Network topology can be used to define or describe the arrangement of various types of telecommunication networks, includingcommand and controlradio networks,[3]industrialfieldbussesandcomputer networks.
Network top... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_topology |
Networks in labor economicsrefers to the effectsocial networkshave on jobseekers obtaining employment. Research suggests that around half of the employed workforce found their jobs through social contacts.[1]It is believed that social networks not only contribute to the efficiency of job searching but can also explain,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Networks_in_labor_economics |
Innetwork science,preferential attachmentmeans that nodes of a network tend to connect to those nodes which have more links. If the network is growing and new nodes tend to connect to existing ones with linear probability in the degree of the existing nodes then preferential attachment leads to ascale-free network. If ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-linear_preferential_attachment |
Inphysics,chemistry, andmaterials science,percolation(fromLatinpercolare'to filter, trickle through') refers to the movement andfilteringof fluids through porous materials. It is described byDarcy's law. Broader applications have since been developed that cover connectivity of many systems modeled as lattices or graphs... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percolation |
Policy network analysisis a field of research inpolitical sciencefocusing on the links and interdependence between government's sections and other societal actors, aiming to understand thepolicy-makingprocess andpublic policyoutcomes.[1]
Although the number of definitions is almost as large as the number of approaches... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policy_network_analysis |
Quantum complex networksarecomplex networkswhose nodes arequantum computingdevices.[1][2]Quantum mechanicshas been used to create securequantum communicationschannels that are protected from hacking.[3][4]Quantum communications offer the potential for secureenterprise-scale solutions.[5][2][6]
In theory, it is possibl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_complex_network |
Ingraph theory, aflow network(also known as atransportation network) is adirected graphwhere each edge has acapacityand each edge receives a flow. The amount of flow on an edge cannot exceed the capacity of the edge. Often inoperations research, a directed graph is called anetwork, the vertices are callednodesand the e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_networks |
The spread ofrumorsis an important form ofcommunicationin society. There are two approaches to investigating the rumor spreading process: microscopic models and the macroscopic models. The macroscopic models propose a macro view about this process and are mainly based on the widely-used Daley-Kendall and Maki-Thompson ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumor_spread_in_social_network |
Aservice networkis a structure that brings together several entities to deliver a particular service. For instance, one organisation (the buyer) may sub-contract another organisation (the supplier) to deliver after-sales services to a third party (the customer).[1]The buyer may use more than one supplier. Likewise, the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_network |
Asmall-world networkis agraphcharacterized by a highclustering coefficientand lowdistances. In an example of the social network, high clustering implies the high probability that two friends of one person are friends themselves. The low distances, on the other hand, mean that there is a short chain of social connection... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small-world_networks |
Thestructural cut-offis a concept innetwork sciencewhich imposes a degree cut-off in thedegree distributionof a finite size network due to structural limitations (such as thesimple graphproperty). Networks with vertices with degree higher than the structural cut-off will display structuraldisassortativity.
The struct... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_cut-off |
Collective intelligenceCollective actionSelf-organized criticalityHerd mentalityPhase transitionAgent-based modellingSynchronizationAnt colony optimizationParticle swarm optimizationSwarm behaviour
Social network analysisSmall-world networksCentralityMotifsGraph theoryScalingRobustnessSystems biologyDynamic networks
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_theory |
Common sense(fromLatinsensus communis) is "knowledge, judgement, and taste which is more or less universal and which is held more or less without reflection or argument".[1]As such, it is often considered to represent the basic level of sound practical judgement or knowledge of basic facts that any adult human being ou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_sense |
Incomputing,linked datais structured data which is interlinked with other data so it becomes more useful throughsemantic queries. It builds upon standardWebtechnologies such asHTTP,RDFandURIs, but rather than using them to serve web pages only for human readers, it extends them to share information in a way that can be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linked_data |
Reason maintenance[1][2]is aknowledge representationapproach to efficient handling of inferred information that is explicitly stored. Reason maintenance distinguishes between base facts, which can bedefeated, and derived facts. As such it differs frombelief revisionwhich, in its basic form, assumes that all facts are e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reason_maintenance |
Aconcept inventoryis acriterion-referenced testdesigned to help determine whether a student has an accurate workingknowledgeof a specific set of concepts. Historically, concept inventories have been in the form ofmultiple-choice testsin order to aid interpretability and facilitate administration in large classes. Unli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concept_inventory |
Aconceptual frameworkis ananalytical toolwith several variations and contexts. It can be applied in different categories of work where an overall picture is needed. It is used to make conceptual distinctions and organize ideas. Strong conceptual frameworks capture something real and do this in a way that is easy to rem... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_framework |
Group concept mappingis a structured methodology for organizing the ideas of a group on any topic of interest and representing those ideas visually in a series of interrelated maps.[1][2]It is a type of integrativemixed method,[3][4]combining qualitative and quantitative approaches todata collectionandanalysis. Group c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_concept_mapping |
Aninformation modelinsoftware engineeringis a representation of concepts and the relationships, constraints, rules, andoperationsto specifydata semanticsfor a chosen domain of discourse. Typically it specifies relations between kinds of things, but may also include relations with individual things. It can provide shara... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_model |
Idea networkingis a qualitative method of doing acluster analysisof any collection of statements, developed by Mike Metcalfe at theUniversity of South Australia.[1]Networking lists of statements acts to reduce them into a handful of clusters or categories. The statements might be source from interviews, text, websites,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idea_networking |
Concept mappingandmind mappingsoftware is used to create diagrams of relationships between concepts, ideas, or other pieces of information. It has been suggested that the mind mapping technique can improve learning and study efficiency up to 15% over conventionalnote-taking.[1]Many software packages and websites allow ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_concept-_and_mind-mapping_software |
Anomological network(ornomological net[1]) is a representation of theconcepts(constructs) of interest in a study, their observable manifestations, and the interrelationships between these. The term "nomological" derives from theGreek, meaning "lawful", or inphilosophy of scienceterms, "law-like". It wasCronbachandMeehl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomological_network |
Apersonal knowledge base(PKB) is an electronic tool used by an individual to express, capture, and later retrieve personal knowledge. It differs from a traditionaldatabasein that it contains subjective material particular to the owner, that others may not agree with nor care about. Importantly, a PKB consists primarily... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_knowledge_base |
TheISO/IEC 11179metadata registry(MDR) standard is an internationalISO/IECstandard for representingmetadatafor an organization in a metadata registry. It documents the standardization and registration of metadata to make data understandable and shareable.[1]
The ISO/IEC 11179 model is a result of two principles of sem... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_11179 |
Arepresentation termis a word, or a combination of words, used as part of adata element name.Representation classis sometimes used as asynonymfor representation term.
InISO/IEC 11179, arepresentation classprovides a way toclassifyor groupdata elements. Arepresentation classis effectively a specializedclassification sc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representation_class |
Arepresentation termis a word, or a combination of words, that semantically represent the data type (value domain) of a data element. A representation term is commonly referred to as aclass wordby those familiar withdata dictionaries. ISO/IEC 11179-5:2005 definesrepresentation termas adesignation of an instance of a re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representation_term |
Simple Knowledge Organization System(SKOS) is aW3C recommendationdesigned for representation ofthesauri,classification schemes,taxonomies,subject-heading systems, or any other type of structuredcontrolled vocabulary. SKOS is part of theSemantic Webfamily of standards built uponRDFandRDFS, and its main objective is to e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Knowledge_Organisation_System |
Thesemanticspectrum, sometimes referred to as theontology spectrum, thesmart data continuum, orsemantic precision, is inlinguistics, a series of increasingly precise or rathersemanticallyexpressive definitions fordata elementsinknowledge representations, especially for machine use.
At the low end of the spectrum is a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_spectrum |
Automatic image annotation(also known asautomatic image taggingorlinguistic indexing) is the process by which a computer system automatically assignsmetadatain the form ofcaptioningorkeywordsto adigital image. This application ofcomputer visiontechniques is used inimage retrievalsystems to organize and locate images of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_image_annotation |
Theblogosphereis made up of allblogsand their interconnections. The term implies that blogs exist together as a connectedcommunity(or as a collection of connected communities) or as asocial networking servicein which everyday authors can publish their opinions and views.
The term was coined on September 10, 1999 by Br... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blogosphere |
Anannotationis extra information associated with a particular point in adocumentor other piece of information. It can be a note that includes a comment or explanation.[1]Annotations are sometimes presentedin the margin of book pages. For annotations of different digital media, seeweb annotationandtext annotation.
Anno... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_annotation |
Athesaurus(pl.:thesauriorthesauruses), sometimes called asynonym dictionaryordictionary of synonyms, is areference workwhich arranges words by their meanings (or in simpler terms, a book where one can find different words with similar meanings to other words),[1][2]sometimes as a hierarchy ofbroader and narrower terms,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesaurus |
Awiki(/ˈwɪki/ⓘWICK-ee) is a form ofhypertextpublication on theinternetwhich iscollaboratively editedand managed by its audience directly through aweb browser. A typical wiki contains multiple pages that can either be edited by the public or limited to use within an organization for maintaining its internalknowledge bas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki |
Philosophical analysisis any of varioustechniques, typically used byphilosophersin theanalytic tradition, in order to "break down" (i.e. analyze) philosophical issues. Arguably the most prominent of these techniques is the analysis ofconcepts, known asconceptual analysis.
While analysis is characteristic of the analyt... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_analysis |
Description logics(DL) are a family of formalknowledge representationlanguages. Many DLs are more expressive thanpropositional logicbut less expressive thanfirst-order logic. In contrast to the latter, the core reasoning problems for DLs are (usually)decidable, and efficient decision procedures have been designed and i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Description_logic |
Agraphical modelorprobabilistic graphical model(PGM) orstructured probabilistic modelis aprobabilistic modelfor which agraphexpresses theconditional dependencestructure betweenrandom variables. Graphical models are commonly used inprobability theory,statistics—particularlyBayesian statistics—andmachine learning.
Gener... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_model |
Grounded theoryis a systematic methodology that has been largely applied toqualitative researchconducted bysocial scientists. The methodology involves the construction of hypotheses and theories through the collecting and analysis of data.[1][2][3]Grounded theory involves the application ofinductive reasoning. The meth... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grounded_theory |
Inductive logic programming(ILP) is a subfield ofsymbolic artificial intelligencewhich useslogic programmingas a uniform representation for examples, background knowledge and hypotheses. The term "inductive" here refers tophilosophical(i.e. suggesting a theory to explain observed facts) rather thanmathematical(i.e. pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_logic_programming |
Pattern theory, formulated byUlf Grenander, is a mathematicalformalismto describe knowledge of the world aspatterns. It differs from other approaches toartificial intelligencein that it does not begin by prescribingalgorithmsand machinery to recognize and classify patterns; rather, it prescribes a vocabulary to articul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern_theory |
Aschema(pl.:schemata) is a template incomputer scienceused in the field ofgenetic algorithmsthat identifies asubsetof strings with similarities at certain string positions. Schemata are a special case ofcylinder sets, forming abasisfor aproduct topologyon strings.[1]In other words, schemata can be used to generate atop... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schema_(genetic_algorithms) |
Ininformation science, anupper ontology(also known as atop-level ontology,upper model, orfoundation ontology) is anontology(in the sense used ininformation science) that consists of very general terms (such as "object", "property", "relation") that are common across all domains. An important function of an upper ontol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_ontology |
Inrepresentation learning,knowledge graph embedding(KGE), also calledknowledge representation learning(KRL), ormulti-relation learning,[1]is amachine learningtask of learning a low-dimensional representation of aknowledge graph's entities and relations while preserving theirsemanticmeaning.[1][2][3]Leveraging theirembe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_graph_embedding |
Atopic mapis a standard for therepresentationandinterchangeof knowledge, with an emphasis on thefindabilityof information. Topic maps were originally developed in the late 1990s as a way to representback-of-the-book indexstructures so that multiple indexes from different sources could be merged. However, the developers... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topic_map |
Wikibaseis a set of software tools for working withversionedsemi-structured datain a centralrepository. It is based uponJSONinstead of theunstructured dataofwikitextnormally used in MediaWiki. It stores and organizes information that can be collaboratively edited and read by humans and by computers, translated into mul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikibase |
YAGO(Yet Another GreatOntology) is an open source[3]knowledge basedeveloped at theMax Planck Institute for InformaticsinSaarbrücken. It is automatically extracted fromWikidataandSchema.org.
YAGO4, which was released in 2020, combines data that was extracted from Wikidata with relationship designators from Schema.org.[... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YAGO_(database) |
All definitions tacitly require thehomogeneous relationR{\displaystyle R}betransitive: for alla,b,c,{\displaystyle a,b,c,}ifaRb{\displaystyle aRb}andbRc{\displaystyle bRc}thenaRc.{\displaystyle aRc.}A term's definition may require additional properties that are not listed in this table.
Inmathematics, specificallyorde... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join_and_meet |
The concept of alatticearises inorder theory, a branch of mathematics. TheHasse diagrambelow depicts the inclusion relationships among some important subclasses of lattices.
1. Aboolean algebrais acomplementeddistributive lattice. (def)
2. A boolean algebra is aheyting algebra.[1]
3. A boolean algebra isorthocomplem... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map_of_lattices |
In themathematicaldiscipline oforder theory, acomplemented latticeis a boundedlattice(withleast element0 andgreatest element1), in which every elementahas acomplement, i.e. an elementbsatisfyinga∨b= 1 anda∧b= 0.
Complements need not be unique.
Arelatively complemented latticeis a lattice such that everyinterval[c,d], ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthocomplemented_lattice |
Inmathematics, atotal orderorlinear orderis apartial orderin which any two elements are comparable. That is, a total order is abinary relation≤{\displaystyle \leq }on somesetX{\displaystyle X}, which satisfies the following for alla,b{\displaystyle a,b}andc{\displaystyle c}inX{\displaystyle X}:
Requirements 1. to 3. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_order |
Inabstract algebra, askew latticeis analgebraic structurethat is anon-commutativegeneralization of alattice. While the termskew latticecan be used to refer to any non-commutative generalization of a lattice, since 1989 it has been used primarily as follows.
Askew latticeis asetSequipped with twoassociative,idempotentb... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skew_lattice |
Incombinatorialmathematics, anEulerian posetis agraded posetin which every nontrivialintervalhas the same number of elements of even rank as of odd rank. An Eulerian poset which is alatticeis anEulerian lattice. These objects are named afterLeonhard Euler. Eulerian lattices generalizeface latticesofconvex polytopesand ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eulerian_lattice |
Inlogicanduniversal algebra,Post's latticedenotes thelatticeof allcloneson a two-element set {0, 1}, ordered byinclusion. It is named forEmil Post, who published a complete description of the lattice in 1941.[1]The relative simplicity of Post's lattice is in stark contrast to the lattice of clones on a three-element (o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post%27s_lattice |
In mathematics, aTamari lattice, introduced byDov Tamari(1962), is apartially ordered setin which the elements consist of different ways of grouping a sequence of objects into pairs using parentheses; for instance, for a sequence of four objectsabcd, the five possible groupings are ((ab)c)d, (ab)(cd), (a(bc))d,a((bc)d)... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamari_lattice |
Inlattice theory, abounded latticeLis called a0,1-simple latticeif nonconstant lattice homomorphisms ofLpreserve the identity of its top and bottom elements. That is, ifLis 0,1-simple and ƒ is a function fromLto some other lattice that preserves joins and meets and does not map every element ofLto a single element of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0,1-simple_lattice |
Data conversionis the conversion ofcomputer datafrom oneformatto another. Throughout a computer environment, data isencodedin a variety of ways. For example,computer hardwareis built on the basis of certain standards, which requires that data contains, for example,parity bitchecks. Similarly, theoperating systemis pred... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_conversion |
Minimal mappingsare the result of an advanced technique ofsemantic matching, a technique used incomputer scienceto identify information which is semantically related.[1]
Semantic matching has been proposed as a valid solution to the semantic heterogeneity problem, namely, supporting diversity in knowledge.[2]Given any... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimal_mappings |
TheRule Interchange Format(RIF) is aW3C Recommendation. RIF is part of the infrastructure for thesemantic web, along with (principally)SPARQL,RDFandOWL. Although originally envisioned by many as a "rules layer" for the semantic web, in reality the design of RIF is based on the observation that there are many "rules l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_Interchange_Format |
Semantic interoperabilityis the ability ofcomputersystems to exchangedatawith unambiguous, shared meaning.Semanticinteroperability is a requirement to enable machine computablelogic, inferencing, knowledge discovery, and data federation betweeninformation systems.[1]
Semantic interoperability is therefore concerned no... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_interoperability |
Semantic unificationis the process of unifying lexically different concept representations that are judged to have the same semantic content (i.e., meaning). In business processes, the conceptual semantic unification is defined as "the mapping of two expressions onto an expression in an exchange format which is equival... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_unification |
Semantic analysisis a method for eliciting and representingknowledgeaboutorganisations.[vague][1]
Initially the problem must be defined by domain experts and passed to the project analyst(s). The next step is the generation of candidate affordances. This step will generate a list of semantic units that may be included... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_analysis_(knowledge_representation) |
Human–computer interaction(HCI) is the process through which people operate and engage with computer systems. Research in HCI covers the design and the use ofcomputer technology, which focuses on theinterfacesbetween people (users) andcomputers. HCI researchers observe the ways humans interact with computers and design... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Computer_Interaction |
Aglossary(fromAncient Greek:γλῶσσα,glossa; language, speech, wording), also known as avocabularyorclavis, is an alphabetical list oftermsin a particulardomain of knowledgewith thedefinitionsfor those terms.[citation needed]Traditionally, a glossary appears at the end of abookand includes terms within that book that are... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary |
Ininformation science, anontologyencompasses a representation, formal naming, and definitions of the categories, properties, and relations between the concepts, data, or entities that pertain to one, many, or alldomains of discourse. More simply, an ontology is a way of showing the properties of a subject area and how ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_ontology |
Common Logic(CL) is a framework for a family oflogic languages, based onfirst-order logic, intended to facilitate the exchange and transmission ofknowledgeincomputer-based systems.[1]
The CL definition permits and encourages the development of a variety of different syntactic forms, calleddialects. A dialect may use ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Logic |
FOAF(an acronym offriend of a friend) is amachine-readableontologydescribingpersons, their activities and their relations to other people and objects. Anyone can use FOAF to describe themselves. FOAF allows groups of people to describesocial networkswithout the need for a centralised database.
FOAF is a descriptive vo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FOAF_(software) |
Framesare anartificial intelligencedata structureused to divideknowledgeinto substructures by representing "stereotypedsituations".
They were proposed byMarvin Minskyin his 1974 article "A Framework for Representing Knowledge". Frames are the primary data structure used in artificial intelligence frame languages; they... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frame_language |
TheFAO geopolitical ontologyis anontologydeveloped by theFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)to describe, manage and exchange data related togeopoliticalentities such as countries, territories, regions and other similar areas.
Anontologyis a kind of dictionary that describes information in a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geopolitical_ontology |
TheInternational Defence Enterprise Architecture Specification for exchange Group(IDEAS Group) is a project involving four nations (plusNATOas observers) and coveringMODAF(UK),DoDAF(US), DNDAF[1](Canada) and the Australian Defence Architecture Framework (AUSDAF). The deliverable of the project is a data exchange format... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDEAS_Group |
TheMeta-Object Facility(MOF) is anObject Management Group(OMG) standard formodel-driven engineering. Its purpose is to provide atype systemfor entities in theCORBAarchitecture and a set of interfaces through which those types can be created and manipulated.
MOF may be used fordomain-driven software designandobject-orie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta-Object_Facility |
TheObject Management Group(OMG) is a computer industrystandardsconsortium. OMG task forces develop enterprise integration standards for a range of technologies.
The goal of the OMG was a common portable and interoperable object model with methods and data that work using all types of development environments on all ty... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_Management_Group |
Inknowledge representation, particularly in theSemantic Web, ametaclassis aclasswhose instances can themselves be classes. Similar to their rolein programming languages, metaclasses inontology languagescan have properties otherwise applicable only to individuals, while retaining the same class's ability to be classifie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaclass_(Semantic_Web) |
Machine interpretation of documents and services inSemantic Webenvironment is primarily enabled by (a) the capability to mark documents, document segments and services with semantic tags and (b) the ability to establish contextual relations between the tags with a domainmodel, which is formally represented asontology. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia_Web_Ontology_Language |
Asemantic reasoner,reasoning engine,rules engine, or simply areasoner, is a piece of software able to inferlogical consequencesfrom a set of asserted facts oraxioms. The notion of a semantic reasoner generalizes that of aninference engine, by providing a richer set of mechanisms to work with. Theinference rulesare comm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_reasoner |
Simple Knowledge Organization System(SKOS) is aW3C recommendationdesigned for representation ofthesauri,classification schemes,taxonomies,subject-heading systems, or any other type of structuredcontrolled vocabulary. SKOS is part of theSemantic Webfamily of standards built uponRDFandRDFS, and its main objective is to e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SKOS |
TheiPlant Collaborative, renamedCyversein 2017, is avirtual organizationcreated by acooperative agreementfunded by the USNational Science Foundation(NSF) to createcyberinfrastructurefor the plant sciences (botany).[1]The NSF compared cyberinfrastructure to physicalinfrastructure, "... thedistributed computer,informatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSWAP |
Variational message passing(VMP) is anapproximate inferencetechnique for continuous- or discrete-valuedBayesian networks, withconjugate-exponentialparents, developed by John Winn. VMP was developed as a means of generalizing the approximatevariational methodsused by such techniques aslatent Dirichlet allocation, and wo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variational_message_passing |
Generalized filteringis a genericBayesian filteringscheme for nonlinear state-space models.[1]It is based on avariational principle of least action, formulated in generalized coordinates of motion.[2]Note that "generalized coordinates of motion" are related to—but distinct from—generalized coordinatesas used in (multib... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized_filtering |
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