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Personal rapid transit(PRT), also referred to aspodcarsorguided/railed taxis, is apublic transportmode featuring a network of specially built guideways on which ride small automated vehicles that carry few (generally less than 6) passengers per vehicle. PRT is a type ofautomated guideway transit(AGT), a class of system... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_rapid_transit |
Non-separable waveletsare multi-dimensionalwaveletsthat are not directly implemented astensor productsof wavelets on some lower-dimensional space.
They have been studied since 1992.[1]They offer a few important advantages. Notably, using non-separable filters leads to more parameters in design, and consequently better ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-separable_wavelet |
Agraphical user interface, orGUI[a], is a form ofuser interfacethat allowsuserstointeract with electronic devicesthroughgraphicaliconsand visual indicators such assecondary notation. In many applications, GUIs are used instead oftext-based UIs, which are based on typed command labels or text navigation. GUIs were intro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface#Comparison_to_other_interfaces |
AnIrish bullis a ludicrous, incongruent orlogicallyabsurd statement, generally unrecognized as such by its author. The inclusion of the epithetIrishis a late addition.[1]
John Pentland Mahaffy, Provost of Trinity College, Dublin, observed, "an Irish bull is always pregnant", i.e. with truthful meaning.[2]The "father" ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_bull |
In the context of theCorC++programming languages, alibraryis calledheader-onlyif the full definitions of allmacros,functionsandclassescomprising the library are visible to thecompilerin aheader fileform.[1]Header-only libraries do not need to be separatelycompiled, packaged and installed in order to be used. All that i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Header-only |
Structure from motion(SfM)[1]is aphotogrammetricrange imagingtechnique for estimating three-dimensional structures from two-dimensional image sequences that may be coupled with localmotion signals. It is a classic problem studied in the fields ofcomputer visionandvisual perception. In computer vision, the problem of Sf... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure_from_motion |
Emergentismis thephilosophical theorythat higher-level properties or phenomenaemergefrom more basic components, and that these emergent properties are not fully reducible to or predictable from those lower-level parts. A property of asystemis said to be emergent if it is a new outcome of some other properties of the sy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergentism |
Incomputer science,array-access analysisis acompiler analysisapproach used to decide the read and write access patterns to elements or portions of arrays.[1]
The major data type manipulated in scientific programs is the array. The define/use analysis on a whole array is insufficient for aggressivecompiler optimization... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Array_access_analysis |
Incomputer programming,machine codeiscomputer codeconsisting ofmachine languageinstructions, which are used to control a computer'scentral processing unit(CPU). For conventionalbinary computers, machine code is the binary[nb 1]representation of a computer program that is actually read and interpreted by the computer. A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlapping_code |
Inpredicate logic, anexistential quantificationis a type ofquantifier, alogical constantwhich isinterpretedas "there exists", "there is at least one", or "for some". It is usually denoted by thelogical operatorsymbol∃, which, when used together with a predicate variable, is called anexistential quantifier("∃x" or "∃(x)... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_quantification |
Inprobability theoryandstatistics, theConway–Maxwell–Poisson (CMP or COM–Poisson) distributionis adiscrete probability distributionnamed afterRichard W. Conway,William L. Maxwell, andSiméon Denis Poissonthat generalizes thePoisson distributionby adding a parameter to modeloverdispersionandunderdispersion. It is a membe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway%E2%80%93Maxwell%E2%80%93Poisson_distribution |
Inmathematics, acharacter sumis a sum∑χ(n){\textstyle \sum \chi (n)}of values of aDirichlet characterχmoduloN, taken over a given range of values ofn. Such sums are basic in a number of questions, for example in the distribution ofquadratic residues, and in particular in the classical question of finding an upper bound... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_sum |
Inmathematics, especially inprobability theoryandergodic theory, theinvariant sigma-algebrais asigma-algebraformed by sets which areinvariantunder agroup actionordynamical system. It can be interpreted as of being "indifferent" to the dynamics.
The invariant sigma-algebra appears in the study ofergodic systems, as wel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_sigma-algebra |
Invector calculus, aninvex functionis adifferentiable functionf{\displaystyle f}fromRn{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}}toR{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} }for which there exists a vector valued functionη{\displaystyle \eta }such that
for allxandu.
Invex functions were introduced by Hanson as a generalization ofconvex funct... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invex_function |
Incomputer science, in particular inconcurrency theory, adependency relationis abinary relationon a finite domainΣ{\displaystyle \Sigma },[1]: 4symmetric, andreflexive;[1]: 6i.e. a finitetolerance relation. That is, it is a finite set ofordered pairsD{\displaystyle D}, such that
In general, dependency relations are n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_relation |
Theneocortex, also called theneopallium,isocortex, or thesix-layered cortex, is a set of layers of themammaliancerebral cortexinvolved in higher-order brain functions such assensory perception, cognition, generation ofmotor commands,[1]spatial reasoning, andlanguage.[2]The neocortex is further subdivided into thetrue i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neocortex#Layers |
There are many longstandingunsolved problems in mathematicsfor which a solution has still not yet been found. Thenotable unsolved problems instatisticsare generally of a different flavor; according to John Tukey,[1]"difficulties in identifying problems have delayed statistics far more than difficulties in solving probl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_statistics |
Gorō Shimura(志村 五郎,Shimura Gorō, 23 February 1930 – 3 May 2019)was a Japanesemathematicianand Michael Henry StraterProfessor EmeritusofMathematicsatPrinceton Universitywho worked innumber theory,automorphic forms, andarithmetic geometry.[1]He was known for developing the theory ofcomplex multiplication of abelian varie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goro_Shimura |
Elementary arithmeticis a branch ofmathematicsinvolvingaddition,subtraction,multiplication, anddivision. Due to its low level ofabstraction, broad range of application, and position as the foundation of all mathematics, elementary arithmetic is generally the first branch of mathematics taught in schools.[1][2]
Innumer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_arithmetic |
TheInternational Student Identity Card(ISIC) serves as internationally recognized proof ofstudentstatus and offers access to various benefits and discounts globally, includingtravel, accommodation, andcultural institutions. The ISIC Association also issues the International Youth Travel Card (IYTC) for non-students, an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Student_Identity_Card |
OnUnixandUnix-likecomputeroperating systems, azombie processordefunct processis aprocessthat has completed execution (via theexitsystem call) but still has an entry in theprocess table: it is a process in the "terminated state". This occurs for thechild processes, where the entry is still needed to allow theparent proc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zombie_process |
George Edward MooreOMFBA(4 November 1873 – 24 October 1958) was an English philosopher, who withBertrand Russell,Ludwig Wittgensteinand earlierGottlob Fregewas among the initiators ofanalytic philosophy. He and Russell began de-emphasizing theidealismwhich was then prevalent among British philosophers and became known ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._E._Moore#Organic_wholes |
e2fsprogs(sometimes called thee2fs programs) is a set of utilities for maintaining theext2,ext3andext4file systems. Since those file systems are often the default forLinux distributions, it is commonly considered to be essential software.
Included with e2fsprogs, ordered byASCIIbetical order, are:
Many of these util... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E2fsprogs |
Anescrowis acontractualarrangement in which a third party (thestakeholderorescrow agent) receives and disburses money or property for the primary transacting parties, with the disbursement dependent on conditions agreed to by the transacting parties. Examples include an account established by abrokerfor holding funds o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escrow |
In communications,Circuit Switched Data(CSD) (also namedGSM data) is the original form ofdatatransmission developed for thetime-division multiple access(TDMA)-basedmobile phonesystems likeGlobal System for Mobile Communications(GSM). In later years,High Speed Circuit Switched Data(HSCSD) was developed providing increas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_Switched_Data |
Amodchip(short formodification chip) is a small electronic device used to alter or disable artificial restrictions of computers or entertainment devices. Modchips are mainly used invideo game consoles, but also in someDVDorBlu-rayplayers. They introduce various modifications to its host system's function, including the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modchip |
Disk encryptionis a technology which protects information by converting it into code that cannot be deciphered easily by unauthorized people or processes. Disk encryption usesdisk encryption softwareorhardwaretoencrypteverybitofdatathat goes on adiskor diskvolume. It is used to prevent unauthorized access to data stora... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_encryption |
Crypto-shreddingor crypto erase (cryptographic erasure) is the practice of rendering encrypteddataunusable by deliberately deleting or overwriting theencryptionkeys: assuming the key is not later recovered and the encryption is not broken, the data should become irrecoverable, effectively permanently deleted or "shredd... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crypto-shredding |
Alarge language model(LLM) is a type ofmachine learningmodeldesigned fornatural language processingtasks such as languagegeneration. LLMs arelanguage modelswith many parameters, and are trained withself-supervised learningon a vast amount of text.
This page lists notable large language models.
For the training cost c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_large_language_models |
Bayesian optimizationis asequential designstrategy forglobal optimizationofblack-boxfunctions,[1][2][3]that does not assume any functional forms. It is usually employed to optimize expensive-to-evaluate functions. With the rise ofartificial intelligenceinnovation in the 21st century, Bayesian optimizations have found p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian_Optimization |
TheCheiRankis aneigenvectorwith a maximal real eigenvalue of theGoogle matrixG∗{\displaystyle G^{*}}constructed for a directed network with the inverted directions of links. It is similar to thePageRankvector, which ranks the network nodes in average proportionally to a number of incoming links being the maximal eigen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CheiRank |
Incomputer science,coinductionis a technique for defining and proving properties of systems ofconcurrentinteractingobjects.
Coinduction is themathematicaldualtostructural induction.[citation needed]Coinductively defineddata typesare known ascodataand are typicallyinfinitedata structures, such asstreams.
As a definiti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codata_(computer_science) |
Aweb application(orweb app) isapplication softwarethat is created withweb technologiesand runs via aweb browser.[1][2]Web applications emerged during the late 1990s and allowed for the server todynamicallybuild a response to the request, in contrast tostatic web pages.[3]
Web applications are commonly distributed via ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_application |
Innumericaloptimization, theBroyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno(BFGS)algorithmis aniterative methodfor solving unconstrainednonlinear optimizationproblems.[1]Like the relatedDavidon–Fletcher–Powell method, BFGS determines thedescent directionbypreconditioningthegradientwith curvature information. It does so by gradually i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BFGS_method |
Closenessis a basic concept intopologyand related areas inmathematics. Intuitively, we say two sets are close if they are arbitrarily near to each other. The concept can be defined naturally in ametric spacewhere a notion of distance between elements of the space is defined, but it can be generalized totopological spac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closeness_(mathematics) |
Inprobability theoryandinformation theory, themutual information(MI) of tworandom variablesis a measure of the mutualdependencebetween the two variables. More specifically, it quantifies the "amount of information" (inunitssuch asshannons(bits),natsorhartleys) obtained about one random variable by observing the other r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_information#Metric |
Incoding theory, anerasure codeis aforward error correction(FEC) code under the assumption of bit erasures (rather than bit errors), which transforms a message ofksymbols into a longer message (code word) withnsymbols such that the original message can be recovered from a subset of thensymbols. The fractionr=k/nis call... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasure_code |
Linguistic discrimination(also calledglottophobia,linguicismandlanguagism) is the unfair treatment of people based upontheir use of languageand the characteristics of their speech, such as theirfirst language, theiraccent, the perceived size of theirvocabulary(whether or not the speaker uses complex and varied words), ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glottophobia |
Computer science(also called computing science) is the study of the theoretical foundations ofinformationandcomputationand their implementation and application incomputersystems. One well known subject classification system for computer science is theACM Computing Classification Systemdevised by theAssociation for Comp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_computer_science |
Frequency bands for5G New Radio(5G NR), which is the air interface orradio access technologyof the5Gmobile networks, are separated into two different frequency ranges. First there is Frequency Range 1 (FR1),[1]which includes sub-7 GHz frequency bands, some of which are traditionally used by previous standards, but has ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5G_NR_frequency_bands |
Finitismis aphilosophy of mathematicsthat accepts the existence only offinitemathematical objects. It is best understood in comparison to the mainstream philosophy of mathematics where infinite mathematical objects (e.g.,infinite sets) are accepted as existing.
The main idea of finitistic mathematics is not accepting ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strict_finitism |
Theage of majorityis the threshold of legaladulthoodas recognized or declared inlaw.[1]It is the moment when a person ceases to be considered aminor, and assumes legal control over their person, actions, and decisions, thus terminating the control and legal responsibilities of their parents or guardian over them.
Most... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_majority |
Linguistic relativityasserts thatlanguageinfluencesworldvieworcognition. One form of linguistic relativity,linguistic determinism, regards peoples' languages as determining and influencing the scope of culturalperceptionsof their surrounding world.[1]
Various colloquialisms refer to linguistic relativism: theWhorf hyp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_relativity |
Application virtualization softwarerefers to both applicationvirtual machinesand software responsible for implementing them. Application virtual machines are typically used to allow applicationbytecodeto run portably on many different computer architectures and operating systems. The application is usually run on the c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_application_virtual_machines |
Rule 30is anelementary cellular automatonintroduced byStephen Wolframin 1983.[2]UsingWolfram's classification scheme, Rule 30 is a Class III rule, displaying aperiodic,chaoticbehaviour.
This rule is of particular interest because it produces complex, seemingly random patterns from simple, well-defined rules. Because o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_30 |
Anopen service interface definition(OSID) is a programmatic interface specification describing a service. These interfaces are specified by theOpen Knowledge Initiative(OKI) to implement aservice-oriented architecture(SOA) to achieveinteroperabilityamong applications across a varied base of underlying and changing tech... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Service_Interface_Definitions |
In economics, theJevons paradox(/ˈdʒɛvənz/; sometimesJevons effect) occurs whentechnological advancementsmake aresourcemoreefficientto use (thereby reducing the amount needed for a single application); however, as the cost of using the resource drops, if the price is highlyelastic, this results in overalldemand increas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jevons_paradox |
Inpsychologyandsociology, atrust metricis ameasurementormetricof the degree to which one social actor (an individual or a group)trustsanother social actor. Trust metrics may be abstracted in a manner that can be implemented oncomputers, making them of interest for the study and engineering ofvirtual communities, such a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trust_metric |
A subsetS{\displaystyle S}of atopological spaceX{\displaystyle X}is called aregular open setif it is equal to theinteriorof itsclosure; expressed symbolically, ifInt(S¯)=S{\displaystyle \operatorname {Int} ({\overline {S}})=S}or, equivalently, if∂(S¯)=∂S,{\displaystyle \partial ({\overline {S}})=\partial S,}whereIntS... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_closed_set |
Human–computer interaction(HCI) is the process through which people operate and engage with computer systems. Research in HCI covers the design and the use ofcomputer technology, which focuses on theinterfacesbetween people (users) andcomputers. HCI researchers observe the ways humans interact with computers and design... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Computer_Interaction |
In the mathematical theory ofprobability, theexpectilesof aprobability distributionare related to theexpected valueof the distribution in a way analogous to that in which thequantilesof the distribution are related to themedian.
Forτ∈(0,1){\textstyle \tau \in (0,1)}, the expectile of the probability distribution with ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expectile |
Apangramorholoalphabetic sentenceis asentenceusing every letter of a givenalphabetat least once. Pangrams have been used to displaytypefaces, test equipment, and develop skills inhandwriting,calligraphy, andtyping.
The best-known English pangram is "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog".[1]It has been used sinc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangram |
Eliminative materialism(also calledeliminativism) is amaterialistposition in thephilosophy of mindthat expresses the idea that the majority ofmental statesinfolk psychologydo not exist.[1]Some supporters of eliminativism argue that no coherentneural basiswill be found for many everyday psychological concepts such asbel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliminative_materialism |
Γ(⌊k+1⌋,λ)⌊k⌋!,{\displaystyle {\frac {\Gamma (\lfloor k+1\rfloor ,\lambda )}{\lfloor k\rfloor !}},}ore−λ∑j=0⌊k⌋λjj!,{\displaystyle e^{-\lambda }\sum _{j=0}^{\lfloor k\rfloor }{\frac {\lambda ^{j}}{j!}},}orQ(⌊k+1⌋,λ){\displaystyle Q(\lfloor k+1\rfloor ,\lambda )}
λ[1−log(λ)]+e−λ∑k=0∞λklog(k!)k!{\displaystyle \lambda ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson_distribution |
In variousinterpretationsofquantum mechanics,wave function collapse, also calledreduction of the state vector,[1]occurs when awave function—initially in asuperpositionof severaleigenstates—reduces to a single eigenstate due tointeractionwith the external world. This interaction is called anobservationand is the essence... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_function_collapse |
Self-evaluation maintenance(SEM) concerns discrepancies between two people in arelationship. The theory posits an individual will maintain as well as enhance their self-esteem via a social comparison to another individual.[1]Self-evaluationrefers to the self-perceivedsocial rankingone has towards themselves. It is the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-evaluation_maintenance_theory |
In engineering, afactor of safety(FoS) orsafety factor(SF) expresses how much stronger a system is than it needs to be for its specified maximum load. Safety factors are often calculated using detailed analysis because comprehensive testing is impractical on many projects, such as bridges and buildings, but the structu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_of_safety |
Probabilistic logic(alsoprobability logicandprobabilistic reasoning) involves the use of probability and logic to deal with uncertain situations. Probabilistic logic extends traditional logictruth tableswith probabilistic expressions. A difficulty of probabilistic logics is their tendency to multiply thecomputational c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probabilistic_logic |
Aroller containeris acontainertype that can be carried by trucks to be pushed to ground level by help of a hook and level arm with the container possibly sliding on steel roller wheels.
Its original usage was in the collection of bulk waste resulting in the creation of theDIN standardsto be initiated by city cleaning ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roller_container |
NoSQL(originally meaning "NotonlySQL" or "non-relational")[1]refers to a type ofdatabasedesign that stores and retrieves data differently from the traditional table-based structure ofrelational databases. Unlike relational databases, which organize data into rows and columns like a spreadsheet, NoSQL databases use a si... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_storage |
Vulnerability managementis the "cyclical practice of identifying, classifying, prioritizing, remediating, and mitigating"software vulnerabilities.[1]Vulnerability management is integral tocomputer securityandnetwork security, and must not be confused withvulnerability assessment.[2]
Vulnerabilities can be discovered w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulnerability_management |
Inlogicandmathematics, atruth value, sometimes called alogical value, is a value indicating the relation of apropositiontotruth, which inclassical logichas only two possible values (trueorfalse).[1][2]Truth values are used incomputingas well as various types oflogic.
In some programming languages, anyexpressioncan be ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_value |
Signalsare standardized messages sent to a runningprogramto trigger specific behavior, such as quitting or error handling. They are a limited form ofinter-process communication(IPC), typically used inUnix,Unix-like, and otherPOSIX-compliant operating systems.
A signal is anasynchronousnotification sent to aprocessor t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_(computing) |
Incomputing,performance per wattis a measure of theenergy efficiencyof a particularcomputer architectureorcomputer hardware. Literally, it measures the rate of computation that can be delivered by a computer for everywattof power consumed. This rate is typically measured by performance on theLINPACKbenchmark when tryin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_per_watt |
Applied mechanicsis the branch of science concerned with the motion of any substance that can be experienced or perceived by humans without the help of instruments.[1]In short, when mechanics concepts surpass being theoretical and are applied and executed, general mechanics becomes applied mechanics. It is this stark d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_mechanics |
Thecompact representationforquasi-Newton methodsis amatrix decomposition, which is typically used ingradientbasedoptimizationalgorithmsor for solvingnonlinear systems. The decomposition uses a low-rank representation for the direct and/or inverseHessianor theJacobianof a nonlinear system. Because of this, the compact r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_quasi-Newton_representation |
Inlinear algebra,orthogonalizationis the process of finding asetoforthogonal vectorsthatspana particularsubspace. Formally, starting with alinearly independentset of vectors {v1, ... ,vk} in aninner product space(most commonly theEuclidean spaceRn), orthogonalization results in a set oforthogonalvectors {u1, ... ,uk} ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonalization |
Bluetooth beaconsare hardware transmitters — a class ofBluetooth Low Energy(LE) devices that broadcast their identifier to nearbyportable electronicdevices. The technology enablessmartphones,tabletsand other devices to perform actions when in close proximity to a beacon.
Bluetooth beacons useBluetooth Low Energy proxi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth_low_energy_beacon |
Hierarchical modulation, also calledlayered modulation, is one of thesignal processingtechniques formultiplexingandmodulatingmultiple data streams into one single symbol stream, where base-layer symbols and enhancement-layer symbols are synchronously overlaid before transmission.
Hierarchical modulation is particularl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical_modulation |
Alockis amechanicalorelectronicfastening device that is released by a physical object (such as a key,keycard,fingerprint,RFIDcard,security tokenor coin), by supplying secret information (such as a number or letter permutation orpassword), by a combination thereof, or it may only be able to be opened from one side, such... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_(lock)#Keycard |
Post-structuralismis a philosophical movement that questions the objectivity or stability of the various interpretive structures that are posited bystructuralismand considers them to be constituted by broader systems ofpower.[1]Although different post-structuralists present different critiques of structuralism, common ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-structuralism |
Indigital circuitsandmachine learning, aone-hotis a group ofbitsamong which the legal combinations of values are only those with a single high (1) bit and all the others low (0).[1]A similar implementation in which all bits are '1' except one '0' is sometimes calledone-cold.[2]Instatistics,dummy variablesrepresent a si... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-hot_encoding |
Incomputing, theJava Secure Socket Extension(JSSE) is a Java API and a provider implementation named SunJSSE that enable secureInternetcommunications in theJava Runtime Environment. It implements aJavatechnology version of theSecure Sockets Layer(SSL) and theTransport Layer Security(TLS)protocols. It includes functiona... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Secure_Socket_Extension |
Inrailroading,slack actionis the amount of free movement of one car before it transmits its motion to an adjoining coupled car. This free movement results from the fact that in railroad practice, cars are loosely coupled, and thecouplingis often combined with a shock-absorbing device, a "draft gear", which, under stres... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slack_action |
Grafis a German comital title, which is part of many compound titles.
Grafmay also refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graf_(disambiguation) |
This article listsmathematicalproperties and laws ofsets, involving the set-theoreticoperationsofunion,intersection, andcomplementationand therelationsof setequalityand setinclusion. It also provides systematic procedures for evaluating expressions, and performing calculations, involving these operations and relations.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_set_identities_and_relations |
In thecomputer sciencesubfield ofalgorithmic information theory, aChaitin constant(Chaitin omega number)[1]orhalting probabilityis areal numberthat, informally speaking, represents theprobabilitythat a randomly constructed program will halt. These numbers are formed from a construction due toGregory Chaitin.
Although ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omega_(computer_science) |
Tamanna(Urdu:تمنا;transl.Desire) is2014British-Pakistani filmdistributed by Royal Palm Group t/a Summit Entertainment (Pak) and Super Cinema andARY Filmsand produced by Concordia Productions. A drama in theneo-noirgenre[3]the film is directed by aBritishdirector Steven Moore and produced by Pakistani producerSarah Tare... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamanna_(2014_film) |
Model-dependent realismis a view of scientific inquiry that focuses on the role ofscientific modelsof phenomena.[1]It claims reality should be interpreted based upon these models, and where several models overlap in describing a particular subject, multiple, equally valid, realities exist. It claims that it is meaningl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model-dependent_realism |
AI washingis adeceptive marketingtactic that consists of promoting a product or a service by overstating the role ofartificial intelligence(AI) integration in it.[1][2]It raises concerns regarding transparency, consumer trust in the AI industry, and compliance with security regulations, potentially hampering legitimate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI_washing |
Inscienceandengineering,root cause analysis (RCA)is a method ofproblem solvingused for identifying the root causes of faults or problems.[1]It is widely used inIT operations,manufacturing,telecommunications,industrial process control,accident analysis(e.g., inaviation,[2]rail transport, ornuclear plants),medical diagno... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_cause_analysis |
Inmathematics, the concept of aninverse elementgeneralises the concepts ofopposite(−x) andreciprocal(1/x) of numbers.
Given anoperationdenoted here∗, and anidentity elementdenotede, ifx∗y=e, one says thatxis aleft inverseofy, and thatyis aright inverseofx. (An identity element is an element such thatx*e=xande*y=yfor a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertible_element#In_the_integers_mod_n |
Extendible hashingis a type ofhashsystem which treats a hash as a bit string and uses atriefor bucket lookup.[1]Because of the hierarchical nature of the system, re-hashing is an incremental operation (done one bucket at a time, as needed). This means that time-sensitive applications are less affected by table growth ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extendible_hashing |
Semantic foldingtheory describes a procedure for encoding thesemanticsofnatural languagetext in a semantically groundedbinary representation. This approach provides a framework for modelling how language data is processed by theneocortex.[1]
Semantic folding theory draws inspiration fromDouglas R. Hofstadter'sAnalogy ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_folding |
Incomputing, thestar schemaorstar modelis the simplest style ofdata martschemaand is the approach most widely used to develop data warehouses and dimensional data marts.[1]The star schema consists of one or morefact tablesreferencing any number ofdimension tables. The star schema is an important special case of thesnow... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_schema |
TheWDR paper computerorKnow-how Computeris an educational model of a computer consisting only of a pen, a sheet of paper, and individual matches in the most simple case.[1]This allows anyone interested to learn how to program without having anelectronic computerat their disposal.
The paper computer was created in the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDR_paper_computer |
AnRF connector(radio frequency connector) is anelectrical connectordesigned to work atradio frequenciesin the multi-megahertz range.
RF connectors are typically used withcoaxial cablesand are designed to maintain the shielding that the coaxial design offers. Better models also minimize the change in transmission lineim... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RF_connector |
Alatent space, also known as alatent feature spaceorembedding space, is anembeddingof a set of items within amanifoldin which items resembling each other are positioned closer to one another. Position within the latent space can be viewed as being defined by a set oflatent variablesthat emerge from the resemblances fro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent_space |
Thing theoryis a branch ofcritical theorythat focuses on human–object interactions in literature and culture. It borrows fromHeidegger's distinction between objects and things, which posits that an object becomes a thing when it can no longer serve its common function.[1]The Thing in Thing Theory is conceptually likeJa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thing_theory |
Instatistics,identifiabilityis a property which amodelmust satisfy for preciseinferenceto be possible. A model isidentifiableif it is theoretically possible to learn the true values of this model's underlying parameters after obtaining an infinite number of observations from it. Mathematically, this is equivalent to sa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_identification |
JoeorJOEmay refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_(disambiguation) |
Inprobability theory, aMarkov kernel(also known as astochastic kernelorprobability kernel) is a map that in the general theory ofMarkov processesplays the role that thetransition matrixdoes in the theory of Markov processes with afinitestate space.[1]
Let(X,A){\displaystyle (X,{\mathcal {A}})}and(Y,B){\displaystyle (Y... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markov_kernel |
Inphysical systems,dampingis the loss ofenergyof anoscillating systembydissipation.[1][2]Damping is an influence within or upon an oscillatory system that has the effect of reducing or preventing its oscillation.[3]Examples of damping includeviscous dampingin a fluid (seeviscousdrag),surface friction,radiation,[1]resis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damped_sine_wave |
Theconservation movement, also known asnature conservation, is a political, environmental, and social movement that seeks to manage and protectnatural resources, includinganimal,fungus, andplant speciesas well as their habitat for the future. Conservationists are concerned with leaving the environment in a better state... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_movement |
Technical support, commonly shortened astech support, is acustomer serviceprovided to customers to resolve issues, commonly withconsumer electronics. This is commonly provided viacall centers,online chatandemail.[1]Many companies providediscussion boardsfor users to provide support to other users, decreasing load and c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_support |
High-performance teams(HPTs) is a concept withinorganization developmentreferring to teams, organizations, or virtual groups that are highly focused on their goals and that achieve superior business results. High-performance teams outperform all other similar teams and they outperform expectations given their composit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-performance_teams |
Uniform distributionmay refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_distribution |
AArch64orARM64is the64-bitExecution state of theARM architecture family. It was first introduced with theArmv8-Aarchitecture, and has had many extension updates.[2]
An Execution state, in ARMv8-A, ARMv8-R, and ARMv9-A, defines the number ofbitsin the primaryprocessor registers, the availableinstruction sets, and other... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AArch64#Scalable_Vector_Extension_(SVE) |
Incomputer programming, especiallyfunctional programmingandtype theory, analgebraic data type(ADT) is a kind ofcomposite data type, i.e., adata typeformed by combining other types.
Two common classes of algebraic types areproduct types(i.e.,tuples, andrecords) andsum types(i.e.,taggedordisjoint unions,coproducttypes o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic_data_type |
Guidance, navigation and control(abbreviatedGNC,GN&C, orG&C) is a branch ofengineeringdealing with the design of systems to control the movement of vehicles, especially,automobiles,ships,aircraft, andspacecraft. In many cases these functions can be performed by trained humans. However, because of the speed of, for exa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guidance,_navigation,_and_control |
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