text stringlengths 21 172k | source stringlengths 32 113 |
|---|---|
Incomputer science, theCommentz-Walter algorithmis astring searching algorithminvented byBeate Commentz-Walter.[1]Like theAho–Corasick string matching algorithm, it can search for multiple patterns at once. It combines ideas from Aho–Corasick with the fast matching of theBoyer–Moore string-search algorithm. For a text... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commentz-Walter_algorithm |
Radio resource location services (LCS) protocol(RRLP) applies toGSMandUMTSCellular Networks. It is used to exchange messages between a handset and anSMLCin order to provide geolocation information;[1]e.g., in the case of emergency calls. The protocol was developed in order to fulfil theWireless Enhanced 911requirement... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_resource_location_services_protocol |
Innumber theory, asphenic number(fromGreek:σφήνα, 'wedge') is apositive integerthat is theproductof three distinctprime numbers. Because there areinfinitely many prime numbers, there are also infinitely many sphenic numbers.
A sphenic number is a productpqrwherep,q, andrare three distinct prime numbers. In other words... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphenic_number |
Incryptography, akey derivation function(KDF) is a cryptographic algorithm that derives one or moresecret keysfrom a secret value such as a master key, apassword, or apassphraseusing apseudorandom function(which typically uses acryptographic hash functionorblock cipher).[1][2][3]KDFs can be used to stretch keys into lo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_hashing#Salting |
Inmathematics, especially inabstract algebra, aquasigroupis analgebraic structurethat resembles agroupin the sense that "division" is always possible. Quasigroups differ from groups mainly in that theassociativeandidentity elementproperties are optional. In fact, a nonempty associative quasigroup is a group.[1][2]
A q... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasigroup |
Therestricted shellis aUnix shellthat restricts some of the capabilities available to an interactive user session, or to ashell script, running within it. It is intended to provide an additional layer of security, but is insufficient to allow execution of entirely untrusted software. A restricted mode operation is fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restricted_shell |
Subject indexingis the act of describing orclassifyingadocumentbyindex terms, keywords, or other symbols in order to indicate what different documents areabout, to summarize theircontentsor to increasefindability. In other words, it is about identifying and describing thesubjectof documents. Indexes are constructed, se... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject_indexing |
TheBlue Brain Projectwas a Swiss brain research initiative that aimed to create adigital reconstructionof the mouse brain. The project was founded in May 2005 by the Brain Mind Institute ofÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL) in Switzerland. The project ended in December 2024. Its mission was to use biologica... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Brain_Project |
Ablackboard systemis anartificial intelligenceapproach based on theblackboard architectural model,[1][2][3][4]where a commonknowledge base, the "blackboard", is iteratively updated by a diverse group of specialist knowledge sources, starting with a problem specification and ending with a solution. Each knowledge sourc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackboard_system |
Theinode pointer structureis a structure adopted by theinodeof a file in theVersion 6 Unixfile system,Version 7 Unixfile system, andUnix File System(UFS) to list the addresses of a file'sdata blocks. It is also adopted by many related file systems, including theext3file system, popular with Linux users.
In the file sy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inode_pointer_structure |
Global surveillancerefers to the practice ofglobalizedmass surveillanceon entire populations across national borders.[1]Although its existence was first revealed in the 1970s and led legislators to attempt to curb domestic spying by theNational Security Agency(NSA), it did not receive sustained public attention until t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_surveillance_disclosures_(1970%E2%80%932013) |
Nullable typesare a feature of someprogramming languageswhich allow a value to be set to the special value NULL instead of the usual possible values of thedata type. In statically typed languages, a nullable type is anoption type,[citation needed]while in dynamically typed languages (where values have types, but variab... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nullable_type |
Apseudorandomsequence of numbers is one that appears to bestatistically random, despite having been produced by a completelydeterministicand repeatable process.[1]Pseudorandom number generatorsare often used in computer programming, as traditional sources of randomness available to humans (such as rolling dice) rely on... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudorandomness |
Gerald Maurice Edelman(/ˈɛdəlmən/; July 1, 1929 – May 17, 2014) was an Americanbiologistwho shared the 1972Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicinefor work withRodney Robert Porteron theimmune system.[1]Edelman's Nobel Prize-winning research concerned discovery of the structure ofantibodymolecules.[2]In interviews, he has... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Edelman |
Logical consequence(alsoentailmentorlogical implication) is a fundamentalconceptinlogicwhich describes the relationship betweenstatementsthat hold true when one statement logicallyfollows fromone or more statements. Avalidlogicalargumentis one in which theconclusionis entailed by thepremises, because the conclusion is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_implication |
Numerical taxonomyis aclassification systemin biologicalsystematicswhich deals with the grouping bynumerical methodsoftaxonomic unitsbased on their character states.[1]It aims to create ataxonomyusing numeric algorithms likecluster analysisrather than using subjective evaluation of their properties. The concept was fir... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_taxonomy |
Instatistics,censoringis a condition in which thevalueof ameasurementorobservationis only partially known.
For example, suppose a study is conducted to measure the impact of a drug onmortality rate. In such a study, it may be known that an individual's age at death isat least75 years (but may be more). Such a situati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censoring_(statistics) |
Initiative for Open Authentication(OATH) is an industry-wide collaboration to develop an openreference architectureusingopen standardsto promote the adoption of strong authentication. It has close to thirty coordinating and contributing members and is proposing standards for a variety of authentication technologies, wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiative_For_Open_Authentication |
Asimulated realityis an approximation ofrealitycreated in asimulation, usually in a set of circumstances in which something is engineered to appear real when it is not.
Most concepts invoking a simulated reality relate to some form ofcomputer simulation, whether through the creation of avirtual realitythat creates app... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulated_reality |
Innumber theory, acongruenceis anequivalence relationon theintegers. The following sections list important or interesting prime-related congruences.
There are other prime-related congruences that provide necessary and sufficient conditions on the primality of certain subsequences of the natural numbers.
Many of thes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_congruences |
TheElectronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986(ECPA) was enacted by theUnited States Congressto extend restrictions on governmentwire tapsof telephone calls to include transmissions of electronic data by computer (18 U.S.C.§ 2510et seq.), added new provisions prohibiting access to stored electronic communications, i.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Communications_Privacy_Act |
Radio-frequency identification(RFID) useselectromagnetic fieldsto automaticallyidentifyandtracktags attached to objects. An RFID system consists of a tiny radiotranspondercalled a tag, aradio receiver, and atransmitter. When triggered by an electromagnetic interrogation pulse from a nearby RFID reader device, the tag t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Frequency_Identification |
In the field ofartificial intelligence, aninference engineis asoftware componentof an intelligent system that applies logical rules to theknowledge baseto deduce new information. The first inference engines were components ofexpert systems. The typical expert system consisted of a knowledge base and an inference engine... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inference_engine |
Ascintillation counteris an instrument for detecting and measuringionizing radiationby using theexcitationeffect of incident radiation on ascintillatingmaterial, and detecting the resultant light pulses.
It consists of ascintillatorwhich generates photons in response to incident radiation, a sensitivephotodetector(usu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scintillation_counter |
Mitsuru Matsui(松井 充,Matsui Mitsuru, born September 16, 1961)is a Japanesecryptographerand senior researcher forMitsubishi ElectricCompany.
While researching error-correcting codes in 1990, Matsui was inspired byEli BihamandAdi Shamir'sdifferential cryptanalysis, and discovered the technique oflinear cryptanalysis, pub... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsuru_Matsui |
Thelaw of averagesis the commonly held belief that a particularoutcomeoreventwill, over certain periods of time, occur at afrequencythat is similar to itsprobability.[1][2]Depending on context or application it can be considered a valid common-sense observation or a misunderstanding of probability. This notion can lead... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_averages |
Flowinpositive psychology, also known colloquially as beinginthe zoneorlocked in, is themental statein which a person performing some activity is fully immersed in a feeling of energizedfocus, full involvement, and enjoyment in the process of the activity. In essence, flow is characterized by the complete absorption in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_(psychology) |
VoiceXML(VXML) is a digital document standard for specifying interactive media and voice dialogs between humans and computers. It is used for developing audio and voice response applications, such as banking systems and automated customer service portals. VoiceXML applications are developed and deployed in a manner ana... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VoiceXML |
Alarge language model(LLM) is a type ofmachine learningmodeldesigned fornatural language processingtasks such as languagegeneration. LLMs arelanguage modelswith many parameters, and are trained withself-supervised learningon a vast amount of text.
The largest and most capable LLMs aregenerative pretrained transformers... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_language_model |
Self-studylanguage acquisitionprograms allow learning without having a teacher present,[1][2]and the courses can supplement or replace classroom instruction.[3]Universities use self-study programs for less-commonly taught languages, where having professors is not feasible.[4][5]Self-study programs are available on pape... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_language_self-study_programs |
Incryptography, atiming attackis aside-channel attackin which the attacker attempts to compromise acryptosystemby analyzing the time taken to execute cryptographic algorithms. Every logical operation in a computer takes time to execute, and the time can differ based on the input; with precise measurements of the time f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timing_attack |
Insymbolic dynamicsand related branches ofmathematics, ashift spaceorsubshiftis a set ofinfinitewordsthat represent the evolution of adiscrete system. In fact, shift spaces andsymbolic dynamical systemsare often consideredsynonyms. The most widely studied shift spaces are thesubshifts of finite typeand thesofic shifts.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift_space |
Inarithmeticandcomputer programming, theextended Euclidean algorithmis an extension to theEuclidean algorithm, and computes, in addition to thegreatest common divisor(gcd) of integersaandb, also the coefficients ofBézout's identity, which are integersxandysuch that
This is acertifying algorithm, because the gcd is th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Euclidean_algorithm |
Evolution-Data Optimized(EV-DO,EVDO, etc.) is atelecommunicationsstandard for thewirelesstransmission of data throughradiosignals, typically forbroadband Internet access. EV-DO is an evolution of theCDMA2000(IS-2000) standard which supports high data rates and can be deployed alongside a wireless carrier's voice servic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EVDO |
Acertificate policy(CP) is a document which aims to state what are the different entities of apublic key infrastructure(PKI), their roles and their duties. This document is published in the PKI perimeter.
When in use withX.509certificates, a specific field can be set to include a link to the associated certificate pol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_policy |
Software documentationis written text or illustration that accompanies computersoftwareor is embedded in the source code. The documentation either explains how the software operates or how to use it, and may mean different things to people in different roles.
Documentationis an important part of software engineering.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_documentation |
Abalise(/bəˈliːz/bə-LEEZ) is an electronicbeaconortransponderplaced between therailsof a railway as part of anautomatic train protection(ATP) system. TheFrenchwordbaliseis used to distinguish these beacons from other kinds of beacons.[1]
Balises are used in theKVBsignalling system installed on main lines of the French... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balise |
Insignal processingand related disciplines,aliasingis a phenomenon that a reconstructed signal from samples of the original signal contains low frequency components that are not present in the original one. This is caused when, in the original signal, there are components at frequency exceeding a certain frequency call... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliasing |
Thereare a number ofsecurity and safetyfeatures new toWindows Vista, most of which are not available in any priorMicrosoft Windowsoperating systemrelease.
Beginning in early 2002 with Microsoft's announcement of itsTrustworthy Computinginitiative, a great deal of work has gone into making Windows Vista a more secure o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_and_safety_features_new_to_Windows_Vista |
Apseudepigraph(alsoanglicizedas "pseudepigraphon") is afalsely attributedwork, a text whose claimedauthoris not the true author, or a work whose real author attributed it to a figure of the past. The name of the author to whom the work is falsely attributed is often prefixed with the particle "pseudo-",[1]such as for e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudepigrapha |
Nonverbal communicationis the transmission of messages or signals through a nonverbal platform such aseye contact(oculesics),body language(kinesics),social distance(proxemics), touch (haptics), voice (prosodyandparalanguage), physical environments/appearance, and use of objects. When communicating, nonverbal channels a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonverbal_communication |
Thereceiverininformation theoryis the receiving end of acommunication channel. It receivesdecodedmessages/informationfrom the sender, who firstencodedthem.[1]Sometimes the receiver is modeled so as to include the decoder. Real-world receivers likeradio receiversortelephonescan not be expected to receive as much informa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receiver_(Information_Theory) |
Inmathematical analysis, adomainorregionis anon-empty,connected, andopen setin atopological space. In particular, it is any non-empty connected opensubsetof thereal coordinate spaceRnor thecomplex coordinate spaceCn. A connected open subset ofcoordinate spaceis frequently used for thedomain of a function.[1]
The basic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_region |
Langton's antis a two-dimensionalTuring machinewith a very simple set of rules but complexemergentbehavior. It was invented byChris Langtonin 1986 and runs on asquare latticeof black and white cells.[1]The idea has been generalized in several different ways, such asturmiteswhich add more colors and more states.
Square... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langton%27s_ant |
Wirth's lawis anadageoncomputer performancewhich states thatsoftwareis getting slower more rapidly thanhardwareis becoming faster.
The adage is named afterNiklaus Wirth, a computer scientist who discussed it in his 1995 article "A Plea for Lean Software".[1][2]
Wirth attributed the saying toMartin Reiser, who in the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirth%27s_law |
HTTP cookie(also calledweb cookie,Internet cookie,browser cookie, or simplycookie) is a small block ofdatacreated by aweb serverwhile auserisbrowsingawebsiteand placed on the user's computer or other device by the user'sweb browser. Cookies are placed on the device used to access a website, and more than one cookie may... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_cookie |
The termdigital citizenis used with different meanings. According to the definition provided byKaren Mossberger, one of the authors ofDigital Citizenship: The Internet, Society, and Participation,[1]digital citizens are "those who use the internet regularly and effectively." In this sense, a digital citizen is a person... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_citizen |
Withinquantum technology, aquantum sensorutilizes properties of quantum mechanics, such asquantum entanglement,quantum interference, andquantum statesqueezing, which have optimized precision and beat current limits insensor technology.[1]The field of quantum sensing deals with the design and engineering of quantum sour... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_sensor |
Note to admins: In case of doubt, remove this template and post a message asking for review atWT:CP.Withthis script, go tothe history with auto-selected revisions.
Note to the requestor: Make sure the page has already been reverted to a non-infringing revision or that infringing text has been removed or replaced befor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploratory_data_analysis |
Ininformation theory,Shannon's source coding theorem(ornoiseless coding theorem) establishes the statistical limits to possibledata compressionfor data whose source is anindependent identically-distributed random variable, and the operational meaning of theShannon entropy.
Named afterClaude Shannon, thesource coding t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon%27s_source_coding_theorem |
Syntactic movementis the means by which some theories of syntax addressdiscontinuities. Movement was first postulated bystructuralist linguistswho expressed it in terms ofdiscontinuous constituentsordisplacement.[1]Someconstituentsappear to have been displaced from the position in which they receive important features ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trace_(linguistics) |
Atransponder(short fortransmitter-responder[1]and sometimes abbreviated to XPDR,[2]XPNDR,[3]TPDR[4]or TP[5]) is an electronic device that produces a response when it receives a radio-frequency interrogation. Aircraft havetranspondersto assist in identifying them on air traffic controlradar.Collision avoidance systemsha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squawk_code |
Software developmentis the process ofdesigningandimplementingasoftwaresolution tosatisfyauser. The process is more encompassing thanprogramming, writingcode, in that it includes conceiving the goal, evaluating feasibility, analyzingrequirements,design,testingandrelease. The process is part ofsoftware engineeringwhich a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative_software_development_model |
Private transport(as opposed to public transport) is the personal or individual use oftransportationwhich are not available for use by the general public, where in theory the user can decide freely on the time and route of transit ('choice rider' vs. 'captive rider'[1]), using vehicles such as: private car, company car... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_transport |
ASupervisor Call instruction(SVC) is a hardwareinstructionused by theSystem/360family ofIBM mainframecomputers up to contemporaryzSeries, theAmdahl470V/5, 470V/6, 470V/7, 470V/8, 580, 5880, 5990M, and 5990A, and others; Univac90/60, 90/70 and 90/80, and possibly others; the Fujitsu M180 (UP)[1]and M200 (MP), and others... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervisor_Call_instruction |
Inmathematics, theinverse limit(also called theprojective limit) is a construction that allows one to "glue together" several relatedobjects, the precise gluing process being specified bymorphismsbetween the objects. Thus, inverse limits can be defined in anycategoryalthough their existence depends on the category that... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_limit |
.reqif
RIF/ReqIF(Requirements Interchange Format) is anXMLfile format that can be used to exchange requirements, along with its associated metadata, between software tools from different vendors. The requirements exchange format also defines a workflow for transmitting the status of requirements between partners. Alth... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Requirements_Interchange_Format |
Code-division multiple access(CDMA) is achannel access methodused by variousradiocommunication technologies. CDMA is an example ofmultiple access, where several transmitters can send information simultaneously over a single communication channel. This allows several users to share a band of frequencies (seebandwidth).... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_division_multiple_access |
Inobject-oriented programming,inheritanceis the mechanism of basing anobjectorclassupon another object (prototype-based inheritance) or class (class-based inheritance), retaining similarimplementation. Also defined as deriving new classes (sub classes) from existing ones such as super class orbase classand then forming... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implementation_inheritance |
Machine to machine(M2M) is direct communication between devices using anycommunications channel, includingwiredandwireless.[1][2]Machine to machine communication can include industrial instrumentation, enabling a sensor or meter to communicate the information it records (such as temperature, inventory level, etc.) to a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_to_Machine |
Inalgebraandtheoretical computer science, anactionoractof asemigroupon asetis a rule which associates to each element of the semigroup atransformationof the set in such a way that the product of two elements of the semigroup (using the semigroupoperation) is associated with thecompositeof the two corresponding transfor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semigroup_action |
Domain drop catching, also known asdomain sniping, is the practice of registering adomain nameonce registration has lapsed, immediately after expiry.
When a domain is first registered, the customer is usually given the option of registering the domain for one year or longer, with automatic renewal as a possible option... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drop_catching |
In computer programming, ananamorphismis a function that generates a sequence by repeated application of the function to its previous result. You begin with some value A and apply a function f to it to get B. Then you apply f to B to get C, and so on until some terminating condition is reached. The anamorphism is the f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anamorphism |
Cantor's first set theory articlecontainsGeorg Cantor's first theorems of transfiniteset theory, which studiesinfinite setsand their properties. One of these theorems is his "revolutionary discovery" that thesetof allreal numbersisuncountably, rather thancountably, infinite.[1]This theorem is proved usingCantor's first... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantor%27s_first_uncountability_proof |
The concept ofGermanyas a distinct region inCentral Europecan be traced toJulius Caesar, who referred to the unconquered area east of theRhineasGermania, thus distinguishing it fromGaul. The victory of theGermanic tribesin theBattle of the Teutoburg Forest(AD9) prevented annexation by theRoman Empire, although theRoman... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Germany |
Incryptography, aring signatureis a type ofdigital signaturethat can be performed by any member of a set of users that each havekeys. Therefore, a message signed with a ring signature is endorsed by someone in a particular set of people. One of the security properties of a ring signature is that it should be computat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_signature |
Acognitive biasis a systematic pattern of deviation fromnormor rationality in judgment.[1][2]Individuals create their own "subjective reality" from their perception of the input. An individual's construction of reality, not theobjectiveinput, may dictate theirbehaviorin the world. Thus, cognitive biases may sometimes l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_bias |
Acryptosystemis a set ofcryptographicalgorithmsthat mapciphertextsandplaintextsto each other.[1]
Private-key cryptosystemsuse the samekeyforencryptionanddecryption.
Public-key cryptosystemsuse a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cryptosystems |
LonWorksorLocal Operating Networkis an open standard (ISO/IEC 14908) for networking platforms specifically created to address the needs of control applications. The platform is built on a protocol created byEchelon Corporationfor networking devices over media such astwisted pair,power lines,fiber optics, andwireless. I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LonWorks |
Inprobability theoryandstatistics, thezeta distributionis a discreteprobability distribution. IfXis a zeta-distributedrandom variablewith parameters, then the probability thatXtakes the positive integer valuekis given by theprobability mass function
whereζ(s) is theRiemann zeta function(which is undefined fors= 1).
T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeta_distribution |
OpenWSN[1][2]is a project created at theUniversity of California Berkeleyand extended at theINRIAand at theOpen University of Catalonia(UOC)[3]which aims to build an open standard-based andopen sourceimplementation of a complete constrained network protocol stack forwireless sensor networksandInternet of Things. The ro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenWSN |
The Algorithmic Beauty of Plantsis a book byPrzemyslaw PrusinkiewiczandAristid Lindenmayer. It is notable as it is the first comprehensive volume on the computer simulation of certainpatterns in naturefound in plant development (L-systems).
The book is no longer in print but is available free online.[1]
The book has ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Algorithmic_Beauty_of_Plants |
ABrowser Helper Object(BHO) is aDLLmoduledesigned as apluginfor theMicrosoftInternet Explorerweb browserto provide added functionality. BHOs were introduced in October 1997 with the release ofversion 4of Internet Explorer. Most BHOs are loaded once by each new instance of Internet Explorer. However, in the case ofWindo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browser_Helper_Object |
this,self, andMearekeywordsused in some computerprogramming languagesto refer to the object, class, or other entity which the currently running code is a part of. The entity referred to thus depends on theexecution context(such as which object has its method called). Different programming languages use these keywords... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_recursion |
David Meir Bleiis a professor in the Statistics and Computer Science departments atColumbia University. Prior to fall 2014 he was an associate professor in the Department ofComputer ScienceatPrinceton University. His work is primarily inmachine learning.
His research interests includetopic modelsand he was one of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Blei |
Authorizationorauthorisation(seespelling differences), ininformation security,computer securityandIAM(Identity and Access Management),[1]is the function of specifying rights/privileges for accessing resources, in most cases through an access policy, and then deciding whether a particularsubjecthas privilege to access a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authorization |
Generative artispost-conceptual artthat has been created (in whole or in part) with the use of anautonomoussystem. Anautonomous systemin this context is generally one that is non-human and can independently determine features of an artwork that would otherwise require decisions made directly by the artist. In some case... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative_art |
Polytely(fromGreekrootspoly-and-tel-meaning "many goals") comprises complexproblem-solvingsituations characterized by the presence of multiple simultaneous goals.[1]These goals may be contradictory or otherwise conflict with one another, requiring prioritisation of desired outcomes.[1]
Polytely is a feature of complex... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polytely |
Multiverse analysisis a scientific method that specifies and then runs a set of plausible alternative models or statistical tests for a single hypothesis.[1]It is a method to address the issue that the "scientific process confronts researchers with a multiplicity of seemingly minor, yet nontrivial, decision points, eac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiverse_analysis |
Braids(also referred to asplaits) are a complex hairstyle formed by interlacing three or more strands of hair.[1]Braiding has never been specific to any one part of the world, ethnic type, hair type or culture, but has been used to style and ornament human and animal hair for thousands of years world-wide[2]in various ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braid_(hairstyle) |
Quaternary/kwəˈtɜːrnəri/is anumeral systemwithfouras itsbase. It uses thedigits0, 1, 2, and 3 to represent anyreal number. Conversion frombinaryis straightforward.
Four is the largest number within thesubitizingrange and one of two numbers that is both a square and ahighly composite number(the other being thirty-six),... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base4 |
Athesis as a collection of articles[1]orseries of papers,[2]also known asthesis by published works,[1]orarticle thesis,[3]is adoctoraldissertationthat, as opposed to a coherentmonograph, is a collection of research papers with an introductory section consisting of summary chapters. Other less used terms are "sandwich t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collection_of_articles |
Instatistics,best linear unbiased prediction(BLUP) is used in linearmixed modelsfor the estimation ofrandom effects. BLUP was derived byCharles Roy Hendersonin 1950 but the term "best linear unbiased predictor" (or "prediction") seems not to have been used until 1962.[1]"Best linear unbiased predictions" (BLUPs) of ran... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_linear_unbiased_prediction |
Anempathy gap, sometimes referred to as anempathy bias, is a breakdown or reduction inempathy(the ability to recognize, understand, and share another's thoughts and feelings) where it might otherwise be expected to occur. Empathy gaps may occur due to a failure in the process of empathizing[1]or as a consequence of sta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empathy_gap |
Linear discriminant analysis(LDA),normal discriminant analysis(NDA),canonical variates analysis(CVA), ordiscriminant function analysisis a generalization ofFisher's linear discriminant, a method used instatisticsand other fields, to find alinear combinationof features that characterizes or separates two or more classes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discriminant_function |
Theclosed-world assumption(CWA), in aformal system of logicused forknowledge representation, is the presumption that a statement that is true is also known to be true. Therefore, conversely, what is not currently known to be true, is false. The same name also refers to alogicalformalization of this assumption byRaymond... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_world_assumption |
Instatistics,linear regressionis amodelthat estimates the relationship between ascalarresponse (dependent variable) and one or more explanatory variables (regressororindependent variable). A model with exactly one explanatory variable is asimple linear regression; a model with two or more explanatory variables is amult... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_regression |
Transmissibilitymay have several meanings:
In most contexts, transmissibility is related topermeability.
In medicine, transmissibility is a synonym forbasic reproduction numberand refers totransmission. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmissibility_(disambiguation) |
Ralph Kimball(born July 18, 1944[1]) is an author on the subject ofdata warehousingandbusiness intelligence. He is one of the original architects ofdata warehousingand is known for long-term convictions that data warehouses must be designed to be understandable and fast.[2][3]His bottom-up methodology, also known asdim... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Kimball |
Channel capacity, inelectrical engineering,computer science, andinformation theory, is the theoretical maximum rate at whichinformationcan be reliably transmitted over acommunication channel.
Following the terms of thenoisy-channel coding theorem, the channel capacity of a givenchannelis the highest information rate (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_capacity |
Due diligenceis the investigation or exercise of care that a reasonable business or person is normally expected to take before entering into an agreement orcontractwith another party or an act with a certainstandard of care.
Due diligence can be alegal obligation, but the term more commonly applies to voluntary invest... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Due_diligence |
Thesecretary problemdemonstrates a scenario involvingoptimal stoppingtheory[1][2]that is studied extensively in the fields ofapplied probability,statistics, anddecision theory. It is also known as themarriage problem, thesultan's dowry problem, thefussy suitor problem, thegoogol game, and thebest choice problem. Its so... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_problem |
Incomputer science,resource starvationis a problem encountered inconcurrent computingwhere aprocessis perpetually denied necessaryresourcesto process its work.[1]Starvation may be caused by errors in a scheduling ormutual exclusionalgorithm, but can also be caused byresource leaks, and can be intentionally caused via a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_starvation |
Collective intelligenceCollective actionSelf-organized criticalityHerd mentalityPhase transitionAgent-based modellingSynchronizationAnt colony optimizationParticle swarm optimizationSwarm behaviour
Social network analysisSmall-world networksCentralityMotifsGraph theoryScalingRobustnessSystems biologyDynamic networks
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybernetics |
Bayesian inference(/ˈbeɪziən/BAY-zee-ənor/ˈbeɪʒən/BAY-zhən)[1]is a method ofstatistical inferencein whichBayes' theoremis used to calculate a probability of a hypothesis, given priorevidence, and update it as moreinformationbecomes available. Fundamentally, Bayesian inference uses aprior distributionto estimateposterio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian_inference |
Aterminate-and-stay-resident program(commonlyTSR) is acomputer programrunning underDOSthat uses asystem callto return control to DOS as though it has finished, but remains incomputer memoryso it can be reactivated later.[1]This technique partially overcame DOS's limitation of executing only one program, ortask, at a ti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminate-and-stay-resident_program |
DOAP(Description Of A Project) is anRDF SchemaandXMLvocabulary to describe software projects, in particularfree and open source software.
It was created and initially developed by Edd Wilder-James (Edd Dumbill) to convey semantic information associated with open source software projects.[1][2]
There are currently ge... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOAP |
Thehistory of sciencecovers the development ofsciencefromancient timesto thepresent. It encompasses all three majorbranches of science:natural,social, andformal.[1]Protoscience,early sciences, and natural philosophies such asalchemyandastrologythat existed during theBronze Age,Iron Age,classical antiquityand theMiddle ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_science |
Incoding theory, asystematic codeis anyerror-correcting codein which the input data are embedded in the encoded output. Conversely, in anon-systematic codethe output does not contain the input symbols.
Systematic codes have the advantage that the parity data can simply be appended to the source block, and receivers do... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematic_code |
1800s:Martineau·Tocqueville·Marx·Spencer·Le Bon·Ward·Pareto·Tönnies·Veblen·Simmel·Durkheim·Addams·Mead·Weber·Du Bois·Mannheim·Elias
Science studiesis aninterdisciplinaryresearch area that seeks to situate scientificexpertisein broad social, historical, and philosophical contexts. It uses various methods to analyze the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_studies |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.